464:
347:
336:
670:, around 383 million years ago. It has all of the traits of a modern pseudoscorpion, indicating that the order evolved very early in the history of land animals. Its morphology suggests that it is more primitive than any living pseudoscorpion. As with most other arachnid orders, the pseudoscorpions have changed very little since they first appeared, retaining almost all the features of their original form. After the Devonian fossils, almost no other fossils of pseudoscorpions are known for over 250 million years until
130:
108:
606:
3048:
3180:
3168:
539:
486:, which ends with the male navigating the female over his spermatophore. In Cheliferidae, the male also uses his forelegs to open the female genital operculum, and after she has mounted the packet of sperm, assisting the spermatophore's entry by pushing it into her genital opening. Females in species that possess a
505:
called the protonymph, deutonymph and tritonymph. The developing embryo and the protonymph, which remain attached to the mother, is nourished by a ‘milk’ produced by her ovary. Many species molt in a small, silken igloo that protects them from enemies during this vulnerable period.
490:(sperm storing organ) can store the sperm for a longer period of time before fertilizing the eggs, but species without the organ fertilize the eggs shortly after mating. The female carries the fertilized eggs in a brood pouch attached to her
405:, with a venom gland and duct usually located in the mobile finger; the venom is used to immobilize the pseudoscorpion's prey. During digestion, pseudoscorpions exude a mildly corrosive fluid over the prey, then ingest the liquefied remains.
509:
After reaching adulthood they no longer molt, and will live for 2–3 years. They are active in the warm months of the year, overwintering in silken cocoons when the weather grows cold. Smaller species live in debris and
588:
is the species most commonly found in homes, where it is often observed in rooms with dusty books. There, the tiny animals (2.5–4.5 mm or 0.10–0.18 in) can find their food such as booklice and
2667:
552:
More than 3,300 species of pseudoscorpions are recorded in more than 430 genera, with more being discovered on a regular basis. They range worldwide, even in temperate to cold regions such as
2675:
2839:"The first fossils of the most basal pseudoscorpion family (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones: Pseudotyrannochthoniidae): evidence for major biogeographical shifts in the European paleofauna"
2888:"First non-amber Mesozoic pseudoscorpion from Upper Triassic deposits of eastern Europe, with a description of two new fossil subfamilies (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones, Feaellidae)"
306:. They are common in many environments, but they are rarely noticed due to their small size. When people see pseudoscorpions, especially indoors, they often mistake them for
2668:"A nature's treasury: pseudoscorpion diversity of the Canary Islands, with the description of nine new species (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae, Cheiridiidae) and new records"
678:, all belonging to modern families, suggesting that the major diversification of pseudoscorpions had already taken place by this time. The only fossil from this time gap is
482:
which is attached to the substrate and is picked up by the female. Members of the
Cheliferoidea (Atemnidae, Cheliferidae, Chernetidae and Withiidae) have an elaborate
386:
A pseudoscorpion has eight legs with five to seven segments each; the number of fused segments is used to distinguish families and genera. They have two very long
2330:
2684:
3569:
1331:
1205:
1132:
1300:
1693:
1290:
1149:
680:
2357:
2886:
Kolesnikov, Vasiliy B.; Turbanov, Ilya S.; Eskov, Kirill Yu.; Propistsova, Evgenia A.; Bashkuev, Alexey S. (September 2022). Taylor, Paul (ed.).
428:. The color of the body can be yellowish-tan to dark-brown, with the paired claws often a contrasting color. They may have two, four or no eyes.
1839:
3854:
2771:
Wolfgang
Schawaller, William A. Shear & Patricia M. Bonamo (1991). "The first Paleozoic pseudoscorpions (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpionida)".
1395:
1634:
1385:
2632:
2574:
2506:
2234:
3949:
2798:"Reinterpretation of Dracochela deprehendor (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones) as a stem-group pseudoscorpion: STEM-GROUP PSEUDOSCORPION"
3802:
3828:
576:. Species have been found under tree bark, in leaf and pine litter, in soil, in tree hollows, under stones, in caves such as the
2303:
2265:
3833:
2483:
3217:
719:
2378:
2644:
3172:
3111:
2617:
2337:
3916:
3781:
2458:
424:
below). The abdomen is short and rounded at the rear, rather than extending into a segmented tail and stinger like
3859:
3794:
2726:
William A. Shear, Wolfgang
Schawaller & Patricia M. Bonamo (1989). "Record of Palaeozoic pseudoscorpions".
3841:
2361:
2285:
129:
2708:
2301:
M. Beier (1961). "Pseudoscorpione von der Insel
Ascension" [Pseudoscorpions from Ascension Island].
3141:
In "Systematics of the North
American Insects and Arachnids: Status and Needs." National Biological Survey
2975:
688:
of
Ukraine, approximately 227 million years ago, which is suggested to be an early relative of the family
3711:
3698:
2609:
3083:
383:
at up to 12 mm (0.5 in). Range is generally smaller at an average of 3 mm (0.1 in).
373:. They usually range from 2 to 8 mm (0.08 to 0.31 in) in length. The largest known species is
3676:
3184:
2484:"Mating biology resolves trichotomy for cheliferoid pseudoscorpions (Pseudoscorpionida, Cheliferoidea)"
2365:
655:
397:
The pedipalps generally consist of an immobile "hand" and mobile "finger", the latter controlled by an
3908:
3716:
3921:
3869:
2773:
2517:
3944:
1235:
918:
2585:
2289:
3210:
2988:
2542:"Adaptations for matrotrophy in the female reproductive system in the pseudoscorpion <SCP>
2528:
3895:
2255:
3638:
2488:
2770:
2725:
3890:
3147:
Virginia
Agricultural Experiment Station, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
2541:
2224:
452:
3882:
3074:
Clarence
Clayton Hoff (1958): List of the Pseudoscorpions of North America North of Mexico.
3750:
3685:
3000:
2987:
Benavides, Ligia R.; Cosgrove, Julia G.; Harvey, Mark S.; Giribet, Gonzalo (October 2019).
2899:
2737:
2416:
2393:
704:, who probably found them among scrolls in a library where they would have been feeding on
530:, others may sometimes be found feeding on mites under the wing covers of certain beetles.
283:
116:
3690:
3062:
463:
8:
3139:
The
Systematic Status of Arachnida, Exclusive of Acari, in North America North of Mexico.
2940:
Adams, George (1787): Essays on the
Microscope. First edition. (London: Robert Hindmarsh)
584:
544:
515:
3703:
3004:
2950:
2903:
2887:
2741:
2420:
3203:
3024:
2989:"Phylogenomic interrogation resolves the backbone of the Pseudoscorpiones tree of life"
2923:
2868:
2819:
2753:
2602:
2440:
523:
401:. Members of the clade Iocheirata, which contains the majority of pseudoscorpions, are
346:
124:
335:
3877:
3737:
3529:
3107:
3053:
3028:
3016:
2927:
2915:
2872:
2860:
2823:
2814:
2797:
2613:
2432:
2407:
2261:
1948:
900:
651:
2444:
3612:
3008:
2907:
2850:
2809:
2778:
2757:
2745:
2728:
2557:
2424:
2312:
1115:
663:
659:
590:
556:
and above the timberline in Wyoming's Rocky Mountains in the United States and the
553:
380:
375:
3096:
2428:
3742:
2837:
Schwarze, Daniel; Harms, Danilo; Hammel, Jörg U.; Kotthoff, Ulrich (2021-06-22).
1969:
970:
After Benavides et al., 2019, with historic taxonomic groups from Harvey (1992).
909:
573:
237:
196:
3846:
3012:
722:
wrote of "a lobster-insect, spied by some labouring men who were drinking their
3789:
3776:
3617:
3521:
3511:
3506:
3366:
3276:
2855:
2838:
1975:
927:
565:
448:
444:
3190:
2316:
3938:
2919:
2864:
2229:
2004:
1920:
1562:
1159:
955:
828:
723:
557:
479:
436:
391:
242:
227:
62:
3134:. In "Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms." Vol. 2. Parker, S.P.
3120:
P. D. Gabbutt (1970): Validity of Life History Analyses of Pseudoscorpions.
2652:
3661:
3547:
3020:
2436:
2070:
1933:
1671:
1432:
1412:
1222:
846:
819:
765:
756:
726:, and borne away by an ingenious gentleman, who brought it to my lodging."
714:
709:
483:
319:
217:
212:
2405:
Peter Weygoldt (1966). "Spermatophore web formation in a pseudoscorpion".
365:. They are small arachnids with a flat, pear-shaped body, and pincer-like
107:
3815:
3670:
3534:
3498:
3251:
2094:
1852:
1577:
1318:
1251:
873:
810:
783:
774:
577:
564:
and subtropics, where they spread even to island territories such as the
501:, with more than one brood per year possible. The young go through three
487:
455:
on the posterior margins of the sternites of abdominal segments 3 and 4.
409:
287:
232:
171:
37:
2518:
The possible significance of spermathecae in pseudoscorpions (Arachnida)
2379:
Discontinuous gas exchange in a tracheate arthropod, the pseudoscorpion
605:
282:
Pseudoscorpions are generally beneficial to humans because they prey on
3607:
3425:
3284:
2597:
2561:
2238:. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 233.
1658:
1531:
1516:
1454:
1346:
936:
891:
792:
747:
705:
689:
671:
646:
560:
of Australia, but have their most dense and diverse populations in the
519:
467:
440:
439:
for mating, molting, or waiting out cold weather, but they do not have
291:
222:
82:
47:
3820:
3729:
3071:. Stanford University Publications in Biological Science. 7(1): 1–284.
3047:
2911:
580:, at the seashore in the intertidal zone, and within fractured rocks.
3763:
3466:
3403:
3349:
3314:
3297:
3245:
2782:
2749:
2604:
Extraordinary Animals: An Encyclopedia of Curious and Unusual Animals
2046:
2031:
1737:
1715:
945:
864:
801:
738:
701:
498:
413:
398:
362:
161:
141:
87:
31:
3807:
3632:
2223:
394:(pincers), which strongly resemble the pincers found on a scorpion.
3768:
3724:
3655:
3391:
3322:
3226:
3195:
3179:
1867:
1752:
882:
855:
685:
667:
572:
species have been found. There are also two endemic species on the
561:
527:
425:
421:
387:
370:
366:
315:
264:
181:
77:
72:
57:
52:
42:
3088:
Max Beier (1967): Pseudoscorpione vom kontinentalen Südost-Asien.
2885:
2575:
There are more creatures that make milk-like stuff | New Scientist
734:
The following taxon numbers are calculated as of the end of 2023.
3433:
3156:(edited by V . Mahnert). Manchester University Press, Manchester.
3137:
J. A. Coddington, S. F. Larcher & J. C. Cokendolpher (1990):
594:
569:
502:
491:
417:
322:
in which one organism uses another for the purpose of transport.
303:
92:
67:
3378:
3239:
3167:
1469:
837:
311:
151:
2986:
3903:
3479:
2976:
Gymnobisiidae (Beier, 1947) Family: Western Australian Museum
675:
511:
402:
3755:
3539:
2836:
2546:</SCP> (Chelicerata: Pseudoscorpiones, Cheliferidae)"
597:) larger than themselves, or are brought in with firewood.
432:
307:
299:
2394:
Pseudoscorpions of the World | Field Guide and Catalogues
295:
2459:"What are pseudoscorpions? | Field Guide and Catalogues"
2383:: occurrence, characteristics and temperature dependence
2257:
Ilma, Blat u Hajja: Is-Sisien tal-Ambjent Naturali Malti
538:
2586:
February, 2020's species of the month: Pseudoscorpions
2336:. Ascension Island Conservation Centre. Archived from
2254:
Schembri, Patrick J.; Baldacchino, Alfred E. (2011).
3043:
1156:
2539:
2253:
609:Example of pseudoscorpions preserved in amber. (a)
412:, is made up of twelve segments, each protected by
2601:
2481:
2260:(in Maltese). Malta University Press. p. 66.
3936:
2540:Jędrzejowska, Izabela; Garbiec, Arnold (2020).
497:Between 2 and 50 young are hatched in a single
435:from a gland in their jaws to make disk-shaped
3101:
2665:
2404:
2290:Entomological Notes: Pseudoscorpion Fact Sheet
3211:
451:, which open laterally through two pairs of
447:. Instead, they breathe exclusively through
712:referred to a "Land-Crab" in his 1665 work
3218:
3204:
2649:South African National Survey of Arachnids
2633:Desert Arthropods: Life History Variations
2596:
2249:
2247:
2245:
106:
2854:
2813:
2529:Pseudoscorpions - Bug Directory - Buglife
2323:
2300:
2217:
2215:
700:Pseudoscorpions were first described by
695:
644:The oldest known fossil pseudoscorpion,
604:
537:
462:
3106:. Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
2352:
2350:
2242:
718:. Another reference in the 1780s, when
3937:
2795:
2304:Annals and Magazine of Natural History
2281:
2279:
2277:
2221:
593:. They enter homes by riding insects (
3637:
3636:
3596:
3264:
3199:
2993:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
2701:
2212:
3909:ED2E6C77-FF9E-FF9F-E5A0-A04FF9E1FE50
3870:b16e4278-60c2-4bee-9c33-d6e170e63a52
3795:12a3d9c2-f70b-4c7b-825c-173d9e27fc41
3225:
2709:"Movile Cave - An Oddity Of Romania"
2347:
959:Schawaller, Shear & Bonamo, 1991
522:, eating parasites in an example of
361:Pseudoscorpions belong to the class
3191:Video of Pseudoscorpions in Ireland
3154:Catalogue of the Pseudoscorpionida.
2274:
13:
3039:
325:
314:. Pseudoscorpions often carry out
14:
3961:
3950:Extant Devonian first appearances
3160:
2796:Judson, Mark L. I. (March 2012).
729:
654:fragments of nymphs found in the
3577:are possibly paraphyletic groups
3178:
3166:
3046:
2951:"Pseudoscorpiones de Geer, 1778"
2815:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2012.01134.x
408:The abdomen, referred to as the
345:
334:
128:
35:
3069:The Arachnid Order Chelonethida
2980:
2969:
2943:
2934:
2879:
2830:
2789:
2764:
2719:
2659:
2637:
2626:
2590:
2579:
2568:
2533:
2522:
2511:
2507:Arachnida - museu nacional/ufrj
2500:
2475:
2451:
533:
3104:The biology of pseudoscorpions
2955:World Pseudoscorpiones Catalog
2676:Revista Ibérica de Aracnología
2398:
2387:
2372:
2364:(South Africa). Archived from
2294:
355:Morphology of a pseudoscorpion
1:
3067:Joseph C. Chamberlin (1931):
2429:10.1126/science.153.3744.1647
2362:Agricultural Research Council
2286:Pennsylvania State University
2205:
1032:Harvey (1992) taxa
3568:Classification is based on
3063:Pseudoscorpions of the World
965:
600:
443:like true scorpions and the
7:
3597:
3428:(shorttailed whipscorpions)
3013:10.1016/j.ympev.2019.05.023
2482:Heather C. Proctor (1993).
458:
263:, are small, scorpion-like
10:
3966:
3265:
3122:Journal of Natural History
2856:10.1007/s12542-021-00565-8
656:Panther Mountain Formation
3645:
3603:
3592:
3564:
3520:
3497:
3478:
3462:
3453:
3415:
3406:(tailless whip scorpions)
3399:
3390:
3374:
3365:
3334:
3307:
3296:
3275:
3271:
3260:
3234:
3076:American Museum Novitates
2774:American Museum Novitates
2317:10.1080/00222936008651063
2307:. 13th ser. (in German).
2222:Pocock, Reginald (1911).
2180:
2092:
2068:
2044:
2029:
2022:
2015:
2008:
1998:
1973:
1946:
1931:
1924:
1914:
1907:
1865:
1850:
1843:
1833:
1826:
1819:
1750:
1735:
1728:
1713:
1706:
1691:
1684:
1669:
1662:
1652:
1645:
1638:
1575:
1560:
1553:
1529:
1514:
1507:
1500:
1467:
1452:
1445:
1430:
1423:
1416:
1406:
1399:
1389:
1344:
1329:
1322:
1312:
1305:
1294:
1249:
1233:
1226:
1216:
1209:
1199:
1153:
1143:
1136:
1126:
1119:
1034:
1026:
1019:
1011:
1003:
995:
987:
979:
780:(120 genera, 728 species)
209:
204:
125:Scientific classification
123:
114:
105:
23:
1236:Pseudotyrannochthoniidae
951:(37 genera, 170 species)
942:(18 genera, 125 species)
919:Pseudotyrannochthoniidae
888:(24 genera, 211 species)
879:(34 genera, 748 species)
807:(11 genera, 110 species)
789:(54 genera, 909 species)
771:(64 genera, 312 species)
744:(21 genera, 194 species)
635:Geogarypus macrodactylus
627:Electrochelifer balticus
548:) on top of an open book
3152:Mark S. Harvey (1991):
3130:W. B. Muchmore (1982):
3102:Peter Weygoldt (1969).
2892:Papers in Palaeontology
2683:: 27–45. Archived from
2666:Volker Mahnert (2011).
2331:"Endemic invertebrates"
2235:Encyclopædia Britannica
852:(15 genera, 86 species)
816:(21 genera, 94 species)
753:(12 genera, 44 species)
639:Microcreagris koellneri
611:Progonatemnus succineus
369:that resemble those of
267:belonging to the order
2489:Journal of Arachnology
933:(3 genera, 21 species)
924:(6 genera, 80 species)
915:(2 genera, 12 species)
906:(2 genera, 13 species)
870:(5 genera, 12 species)
843:(2 genera, 41 species)
834:(4 genera, 17 species)
825:(2 genera, 81 species)
762:(9 genera, 81 species)
647:Dracochela deprehendor
641:
549:
475:
474:sp.) on a fly, Germany
3891:Paleobiology Database
3287:(microwhip scorpions)
2550:Journal of Morphology
2225:"Book-Scorpion"
861:(1 genus, 15 species)
798:(8 genus, 37 species)
696:Historical references
608:
541:
466:
431:Pseudoscorpions spin
3790:Fauna Europaea (new)
3469:(hooded tickspiders)
3175:at Wikimedia Commons
3061:Mark Harvey (2011).
2463:www.museum.wa.gov.au
2381:Garypus californicus
961:(1 genus, 1 species)
897:(1 genus, 1 species)
666:, dating to the mid-
631:Cheiridium hartmanni
623:Neobisium exstinctum
478:The male produces a
117:Neobisium sylvaticum
3005:2019MolPE.13906509B
2904:2022PPal....8E1466K
2742:1989Natur.341..527S
2544:Chelifer cancroides
2421:1966Sci...153.1647W
2415:(3744): 1647–1649.
619:Chelignathus kochii
585:Chelifer cancroides
545:Chelifer cancroides
526:. Some species are
518:, while others are
514:. Some species are
3342:Pseudoscorpionida
2562:10.1002/jmor.21238
642:
568:, where around 25
550:
524:cleaning symbiosis
476:
99:Devonian to Recent
16:Order of arachnids
3932:
3931:
3878:Open Tree of Life
3691:Pseudoscorpionida
3639:Taxon identifiers
3630:
3629:
3626:
3625:
3588:
3587:
3584:
3583:
3560:
3559:
3556:
3555:
3543:
3530:Opilioacariformes
3490:
3470:
3449:
3448:
3445:
3444:
3437:
3429:
3407:
3382:
3361:
3360:
3353:
3345:
3344:(pseudoscorpions)
3326:
3318:
3288:
3171:Media related to
3132:Pseudoscorpionida
3054:Arthropods portal
2912:10.1002/spp2.1466
2736:(6242): 527–529.
2645:"Pseudoscorpions"
2556:(10): 1160–1172.
2358:"Pseudoscorpions"
2267:978-99909-44-48-8
2202:
2201:
2177:
2176:
2168:
2167:
2159:
2158:
2150:
2149:
2141:
2140:
2132:
2131:
2123:
2122:
2114:
2113:
2105:
2104:
2081:
2080:
2057:
2056:
1987:
1986:
1959:
1958:
1949:Pseudochiridiidae
1896:
1895:
1887:
1886:
1878:
1877:
1808:
1807:
1799:
1798:
1790:
1789:
1781:
1780:
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1614:
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1605:
1597:
1596:
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1587:
1542:
1541:
1489:
1488:
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1479:
1375:
1374:
1366:
1365:
1357:
1356:
1280:
1279:
1271:
1270:
1262:
1261:
1188:
1187:
1179:
1178:
1170:
1169:
1108:
1107:
1099:
1098:
1090:
1089:
1081:
1080:
1072:
1071:
1063:
1062:
1054:
1053:
1045:
1044:
960:
950:
941:
932:
923:
914:
905:
901:Pseudochiridiidae
896:
887:
878:
869:
860:
851:
842:
833:
824:
815:
806:
797:
788:
779:
770:
761:
752:
743:
542:A book scorpion (
273:Pseudoscorpionida
250:
249:
200:
100:
3957:
3925:
3924:
3912:
3911:
3899:
3898:
3886:
3885:
3873:
3872:
3863:
3862:
3850:
3849:
3847:NHMSYS0000356759
3837:
3836:
3824:
3823:
3811:
3810:
3798:
3797:
3785:
3784:
3772:
3771:
3759:
3758:
3746:
3745:
3733:
3732:
3720:
3719:
3707:
3706:
3704:Pseudoscorpiones
3694:
3693:
3681:
3680:
3679:
3677:Pseudoscorpiones
3666:
3665:
3664:
3647:Pseudoscorpiones
3634:
3633:
3613:Phalangiotarbida
3594:
3593:
3576:
3541:
3495:
3494:
3489:
3488:
3484:
3482:
3468:
3460:
3459:
3456:
3435:
3427:
3405:
3397:
3396:
3380:
3372:
3371:
3351:
3343:
3324:
3316:
3305:
3304:
3300:
3286:
3273:
3272:
3262:
3261:
3220:
3213:
3206:
3197:
3196:
3185:Pseudoscorpiones
3183:Data related to
3182:
3173:Pseudoscorpiones
3170:
3117:
3056:
3051:
3050:
3033:
3032:
2984:
2978:
2973:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2962:
2947:
2941:
2938:
2932:
2931:
2883:
2877:
2876:
2858:
2834:
2828:
2827:
2817:
2793:
2787:
2786:
2768:
2762:
2761:
2750:10.1038/341527a0
2723:
2717:
2716:
2715:. 25 April 2017.
2705:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2695:
2689:
2672:
2663:
2657:
2656:
2651:. Archived from
2641:
2635:
2630:
2624:
2623:
2607:
2594:
2588:
2583:
2577:
2572:
2566:
2565:
2537:
2531:
2526:
2520:
2515:
2509:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2479:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2469:
2455:
2449:
2448:
2402:
2396:
2391:
2385:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2354:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2335:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2298:
2292:
2283:
2272:
2271:
2251:
2240:
2239:
2227:
2219:
2025:
2024:
2018:
2017:
2011:
2010:
2001:
2000:
1927:
1926:
1917:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1846:
1845:
1836:
1835:
1829:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1731:
1730:
1709:
1708:
1687:
1686:
1665:
1664:
1655:
1654:
1648:
1647:
1641:
1640:
1556:
1555:
1510:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1448:
1447:
1426:
1425:
1419:
1418:
1409:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1392:
1391:
1332:Pseudogaryptidae
1325:
1324:
1315:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1297:
1296:
1229:
1228:
1219:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1206:Heterosphyronida
1202:
1201:
1158:
1146:
1145:
1139:
1138:
1133:Palaeosphyronida
1129:
1128:
1122:
1121:
1116:Pseudoscorpiones
1112:
1111:
1029:
1028:
1022:
1021:
1014:
1013:
1006:
1005:
998:
997:
990:
989:
982:
981:
974:
973:
958:
949:Chamberlin, 1931
948:
940:Chamberlin, 1930
939:
931:Chamberlin, 1923
930:
921:
913:Chamberlin, 1923
912:
904:Chamberlin, 1923
903:
894:
885:
877:Chamberlin, 1930
876:
868:Chamberlin, 1930
867:
858:
850:Chamberlin, 1930
849:
841:Chamberlin, 1930
840:
831:
823:Chamberlin, 1930
822:
813:
804:
795:
786:
777:
768:
759:
751:Chamberlin, 1930
750:
741:
615:Roncus succineus
591:house dust mites
554:Northern Ontario
470:pseudoscorpion (
381:Ascension Island
376:Garypus titanius
349:
338:
271:, also known as
269:Pseudoscorpiones
255:, also known as
195:
192:Pseudoscorpiones
133:
132:
110:
98:
97:
34:
27:Temporal range:
21:
20:
3965:
3964:
3960:
3959:
3958:
3956:
3955:
3954:
3945:Pseudoscorpions
3935:
3934:
3933:
3928:
3920:
3915:
3907:
3902:
3894:
3889:
3881:
3876:
3868:
3866:
3858:
3853:
3845:
3840:
3832:
3827:
3819:
3814:
3806:
3801:
3793:
3788:
3780:
3775:
3767:
3762:
3754:
3749:
3741:
3736:
3728:
3723:
3715:
3710:
3702:
3697:
3689:
3684:
3675:
3674:
3669:
3660:
3659:
3654:
3641:
3631:
3622:
3599:
3580:
3574:
3552:
3516:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3474:
3454:
3441:
3411:
3386:
3357:
3352:(camel spiders)
3330:
3298:
3292:
3267:
3256:
3230:
3224:
3163:
3114:
3090:Pacific Insects
3052:
3045:
3042:
3040:Further reading
3037:
3036:
2985:
2981:
2974:
2970:
2960:
2958:
2949:
2948:
2944:
2939:
2935:
2884:
2880:
2835:
2831:
2794:
2790:
2769:
2765:
2724:
2720:
2707:
2706:
2702:
2693:
2691:
2687:
2670:
2664:
2660:
2643:
2642:
2638:
2631:
2627:
2620:
2610:Greenwood Press
2595:
2591:
2584:
2580:
2573:
2569:
2538:
2534:
2527:
2523:
2516:
2512:
2505:
2501:
2480:
2476:
2467:
2465:
2457:
2456:
2452:
2403:
2399:
2392:
2388:
2377:
2373:
2356:
2355:
2348:
2340:
2333:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2311:(34): 593–598.
2299:
2295:
2284:
2275:
2268:
2252:
2243:
2220:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2194:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2178:
2169:
2160:
2151:
2142:
2133:
2124:
2115:
2106:
2082:
2058:
1988:
1970:Sternophoroidea
1960:
1897:
1888:
1879:
1809:
1800:
1791:
1782:
1773:
1764:
1625:
1616:
1607:
1598:
1589:
1543:
1490:
1481:
1376:
1367:
1358:
1301:Atoposphyronida
1281:
1272:
1263:
1189:
1180:
1171:
1109:
1100:
1091:
1082:
1073:
1064:
1055:
1046:
968:
910:Pseudogarypidae
796:Ellingsen, 1906
732:
698:
603:
574:Maltese Islands
536:
461:
416:plates (called
399:adductor muscle
359:
358:
357:
356:
352:
351:
350:
341:
340:
339:
328:
326:Characteristics
257:false scorpions
253:Pseudoscorpions
238:Sternophoroidea
194:
127:
101:
96:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
40:
29:
28:
25:
24:Pseudoscorpions
17:
12:
11:
5:
3963:
3953:
3952:
3947:
3930:
3929:
3927:
3926:
3913:
3900:
3887:
3874:
3864:
3851:
3838:
3825:
3812:
3799:
3786:
3777:Fauna Europaea
3773:
3760:
3747:
3734:
3721:
3708:
3695:
3682:
3667:
3651:
3649:
3643:
3642:
3628:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3620:
3618:Trigonotarbida
3615:
3610:
3604:
3601:
3600:
3590:
3589:
3586:
3585:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3578:
3575:Items in green
3572:
3565:
3562:
3561:
3558:
3557:
3554:
3553:
3551:
3550:
3545:
3537:
3532:
3526:
3524:
3522:Parasitiformes
3518:
3517:
3515:
3514:
3512:Trombidiformes
3509:
3507:Sarcoptiformes
3503:
3501:
3492:
3487:(ticks, mites)
3476:
3475:
3473:
3472:
3463:
3457:
3451:
3450:
3447:
3446:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3439:
3431:
3422:
3420:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3409:
3400:
3394:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3384:
3375:
3369:
3367:Tetrapulmonata
3363:
3362:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3347:
3338:
3336:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3328:
3320:
3311:
3309:
3302:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3290:
3281:
3279:
3277:Incertae sedis
3269:
3268:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3254:
3248:
3242:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3223:
3222:
3215:
3208:
3200:
3194:
3193:
3188:
3187:at Wikispecies
3176:
3162:
3161:External links
3159:
3158:
3157:
3150:
3135:
3128:
3118:
3112:
3099:
3095:(2): 341–369.
3086:
3072:
3065:
3058:
3057:
3041:
3038:
3035:
3034:
2979:
2968:
2942:
2933:
2878:
2829:
2808:(2): 261–283.
2788:
2763:
2718:
2700:
2658:
2655:on 2012-01-07.
2636:
2625:
2618:
2589:
2578:
2567:
2532:
2521:
2510:
2499:
2474:
2450:
2397:
2386:
2371:
2368:on 2012-02-22.
2346:
2343:on 2010-05-09.
2322:
2293:
2288:, Department:
2273:
2266:
2241:
2230:Chisholm, Hugh
2210:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2200:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2175:
2174:
2171:
2170:
2166:
2165:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2148:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2130:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2121:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2112:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2055:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2028:
2023:
2021:
2016:
2014:
2009:
2007:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1976:Sternophoridae
1972:
1966:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1957:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1930:
1925:
1923:
1915:
1913:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1885:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1876:
1875:
1872:
1871:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1849:
1844:
1842:
1834:
1832:
1827:
1825:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1788:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1779:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1770:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1761:
1760:
1757:
1756:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1734:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1712:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1694:Hesperolpiidae
1690:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1668:
1663:
1661:
1653:
1651:
1646:
1644:
1639:
1637:
1631:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1613:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1595:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1586:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1559:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1513:
1508:
1506:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1487:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1451:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1429:
1424:
1422:
1417:
1415:
1407:
1405:
1400:
1398:
1390:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1373:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1364:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1355:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1328:
1323:
1321:
1313:
1311:
1306:
1304:
1295:
1293:
1291:Homosphyronida
1287:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1278:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1232:
1227:
1225:
1217:
1215:
1210:
1208:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1152:
1150:Dracocheloidea
1144:
1142:
1137:
1135:
1127:
1125:
1120:
1118:
1110:
1106:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1061:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1033:
1027:
1025:
1020:
1018:
1012:
1010:
1004:
1002:
996:
994:
988:
986:
980:
978:
972:
967:
964:
963:
962:
952:
943:
934:
928:Sternophoridae
925:
916:
907:
898:
889:
880:
871:
862:
853:
844:
835:
826:
817:
808:
799:
790:
781:
772:
763:
754:
745:
731:
730:Classification
728:
697:
694:
681:Archaeofeaella
650:is known from
602:
599:
566:Canary Islands
535:
532:
460:
457:
445:Tetrapulmonata
426:true scorpions
354:
353:
344:
343:
342:
333:
332:
331:
330:
329:
327:
324:
261:book scorpions
248:
247:
246:
245:
240:
235:
230:
225:
220:
215:
207:
206:
205:Superfamilies
202:
201:
189:
185:
184:
179:
175:
174:
169:
165:
164:
159:
155:
154:
149:
145:
144:
139:
135:
134:
121:
120:
112:
111:
103:
102:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
41:
36:
26:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3962:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3942:
3940:
3923:
3918:
3914:
3910:
3905:
3901:
3897:
3892:
3888:
3884:
3879:
3875:
3871:
3865:
3861:
3856:
3852:
3848:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3830:
3826:
3822:
3817:
3813:
3809:
3804:
3800:
3796:
3791:
3787:
3783:
3778:
3774:
3770:
3765:
3761:
3757:
3752:
3748:
3744:
3739:
3735:
3731:
3726:
3722:
3718:
3713:
3709:
3705:
3700:
3696:
3692:
3687:
3683:
3678:
3672:
3668:
3663:
3657:
3653:
3652:
3650:
3648:
3644:
3640:
3635:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3605:
3602:
3595:
3591:
3573:
3571:
3570:Shultz (2007)
3567:
3566:
3563:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3527:
3525:
3523:
3519:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3500:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3477:
3471:
3465:
3464:
3461:
3458:
3452:
3438:
3436:(vinegaroons)
3432:
3430:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3419:
3416:Thelyphonida
3414:
3408:
3402:
3401:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3389:
3383:
3377:
3376:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3364:
3354:
3348:
3346:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3333:
3327:
3321:
3319:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3295:
3289:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3263:
3259:
3253:
3249:
3247:
3243:
3241:
3237:
3236:
3233:
3228:
3221:
3216:
3214:
3209:
3207:
3202:
3201:
3198:
3192:
3189:
3186:
3181:
3177:
3174:
3169:
3165:
3164:
3155:
3151:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3133:
3129:
3126:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3113:9780674074255
3109:
3105:
3100:
3098:
3094:
3091:
3087:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3070:
3066:
3064:
3060:
3059:
3055:
3049:
3044:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2983:
2977:
2972:
2956:
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2946:
2937:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2882:
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2857:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2833:
2825:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2802:Palaeontology
2799:
2792:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2775:
2767:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2730:
2722:
2714:
2710:
2704:
2690:on 2016-03-04
2686:
2682:
2678:
2677:
2669:
2662:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2640:
2634:
2629:
2621:
2619:9780313339226
2615:
2611:
2606:
2605:
2599:
2593:
2587:
2582:
2576:
2571:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2545:
2536:
2530:
2525:
2519:
2514:
2508:
2503:
2496:(2): 156–158.
2495:
2491:
2490:
2485:
2478:
2464:
2460:
2454:
2446:
2442:
2438:
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2250:
2248:
2246:
2237:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2218:
2216:
2211:
2198:
2197:
2192:Elassommatina
2173:
2172:
2164:
2163:
2155:
2154:
2146:
2145:
2137:
2136:
2128:
2127:
2119:
2118:
2110:
2109:
2101:
2100:
2097:
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2090:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2077:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2066:
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2062:
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2053:
2052:
2049:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2013:
2012:
2006:
2005:Cheliferoidea
2003:
2002:
1996:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1983:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1955:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1944:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1929:
1928:
1922:
1921:Cheiridioidea
1919:
1918:
1912:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1892:
1891:
1883:
1882:
1874:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1863:
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1859:
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1855:
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1795:
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1759:
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1748:
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1733:
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1700:
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1620:
1619:
1611:
1610:
1602:
1601:
1593:
1592:
1584:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1573:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1563:Gymnobisiidae
1558:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1538:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1523:
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1519:
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1512:
1511:
1505:
1504:
1498:
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1471:
1465:
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1434:
1428:
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1421:
1420:
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1404:
1403:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1387:
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1379:
1371:
1370:
1362:
1361:
1353:
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1334:
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1327:
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1320:
1317:
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1310:
1309:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1276:
1275:
1267:
1266:
1258:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1247:
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1242:
1239:
1237:
1231:
1230:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1214:
1213:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1184:
1183:
1175:
1174:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1160:Dracochelidae
1151:
1148:
1147:
1141:
1140:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1124:
1123:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1104:
1103:
1095:
1094:
1086:
1085:
1077:
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1068:
1067:
1059:
1058:
1050:
1049:
1041:
1040:
1037:
1031:
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1024:
1023:
1016:
1015:
1008:
1007:
1000:
999:
992:
991:
984:
983:
976:
975:
971:
957:
956:Dracochelidae
953:
947:
944:
938:
935:
929:
926:
920:
917:
911:
908:
902:
899:
893:
890:
884:
881:
875:
872:
866:
863:
857:
854:
848:
845:
839:
836:
830:
829:Gymnobisiidae
827:
821:
818:
812:
809:
803:
800:
794:
791:
785:
782:
776:
773:
767:
764:
758:
755:
749:
746:
742:Kishida, 1929
740:
737:
736:
735:
727:
725:
721:
717:
716:
711:
707:
703:
693:
691:
687:
683:
682:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
648:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
607:
598:
596:
592:
587:
586:
581:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
558:Jenolan Caves
555:
547:
546:
540:
531:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
507:
504:
500:
495:
493:
489:
485:
481:
480:spermatophore
473:
472:Lamprochernes
469:
465:
456:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
429:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
406:
404:
400:
395:
393:
389:
384:
382:
378:
377:
372:
368:
364:
348:
337:
323:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
288:carpet beetle
285:
280:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
244:
243:Cheliferoidea
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
229:
228:Cheiridioidea
226:
224:
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
210:
208:
203:
198:
193:
190:
187:
186:
183:
180:
177:
176:
173:
170:
167:
166:
163:
160:
157:
156:
153:
150:
147:
146:
143:
140:
137:
136:
131:
126:
122:
119:
118:
113:
109:
104:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
39:
33:
22:
19:
3646:
3548:Mesostigmata
3417:
3341:
3335:Haplocnemata
3317:(harvestmen)
3308:Stomothecata
3153:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3131:
3124:
3121:
3103:
3092:
3089:
3079:
3075:
3068:
2996:
2992:
2982:
2971:
2959:. Retrieved
2954:
2945:
2936:
2895:
2891:
2881:
2846:
2842:
2832:
2805:
2801:
2791:
2772:
2766:
2733:
2727:
2721:
2712:
2703:
2692:. Retrieved
2685:the original
2680:
2674:
2661:
2653:the original
2648:
2639:
2628:
2603:
2592:
2581:
2570:
2553:
2549:
2543:
2535:
2524:
2513:
2502:
2493:
2487:
2477:
2466:. Retrieved
2462:
2453:
2412:
2406:
2400:
2389:
2380:
2374:
2366:the original
2338:the original
2325:
2308:
2302:
2296:
2256:
2233:
2189:Mestommatina
2183:Epiochierata
2093:
2071:Cheliferidae
2069:
2045:
2030:
1974:
1947:
1934:Cheiridiidae
1932:
1866:
1851:
1840:Garypinoidea
1751:
1736:
1714:
1692:
1672:Geogarypidae
1670:
1576:
1561:
1530:
1515:
1468:
1453:
1433:Ideoroncidae
1431:
1413:Neobisioidea
1345:
1330:
1250:
1234:
1223:Chthonioidea
1155:
1154:
1035:
1009:Superfamily
969:
895:Harvey, 1992
859:Harvey, 1992
847:Ideoroncidae
820:Geogarypidae
766:Cheliferidae
760:Hansen, 1894
757:Cheiridiidae
733:
720:George Adams
715:Micrographia
713:
710:Robert Hooke
699:
679:
645:
643:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
583:
582:
551:
543:
534:Distribution
508:
496:
484:mating dance
477:
471:
430:
407:
396:
390:with palpal
385:
374:
360:
320:commensalism
318:, a form of
302:, and small
284:clothes moth
281:
277:Chelonethida
276:
272:
268:
260:
256:
252:
251:
218:Neobisioidea
213:Chthonioidea
191:
115:
18:
3816:iNaturalist
3671:Wikispecies
3535:Holothyrida
3499:Acariformes
3455:Acaromorpha
3426:Schizomida
3325:(scorpions)
3323:Scorpiones
3285:Palpigradi
3252:Chelicerata
3250:Subphylum:
2186:Hemictenata
2095:Chernetidae
1853:Garypinidae
1578:Neobisiidae
1396:Hemictenata
1319:Feaelloidea
1252:Chthoniidae
993:Infraorder
922:Beier, 1932
886:Banks, 1895
874:Neobisiidae
832:Beier, 1947
814:Daday, 1888
811:Garypinidae
805:Simon, 1879
787:Daday, 1888
784:Chthoniidae
778:Menge, 1855
775:Chernetidae
769:Risso, 1827
674:fossils in
578:Movile Cave
520:phagophiles
488:spermatheca
414:sclerotized
410:opisthosoma
233:Feaelloidea
172:Chelicerata
168:Subphylum:
30:380–0
3939:Categories
3467:Ricinulei
3404:Amblypygi
3350:Solifugae
3315:Opiliones
3246:Arthropoda
2999:: 106509.
2961:25 October
2713:WorldAtlas
2694:2012-09-04
2598:Ross Piper
2468:2022-04-02
2206:References
1659:Garypoidea
1635:Panctenata
1532:Parahyidae
1517:Syarinidae
1455:Bochicidae
1386:Iocheirata
1347:Feaellidae
1001:Parvorder
937:Syarinidae
892:Parahyidae
793:Feaellidae
748:Bochicidae
690:Feaellidae
672:Cretaceous
441:book lungs
420:above and
223:Garypoidea
162:Arthropoda
3608:Haptopoda
3392:Pedipalpi
3381:(spiders)
3299:Dromopoda
3227:Arachnida
3029:167218890
2928:253137909
2920:2056-2799
2873:235600702
2865:1867-6812
2849:: 11–27.
2824:129220288
2783:2246/5041
2047:Atemnidae
2032:Withiidae
1738:Menthidae
1716:Garypidae
985:Suborder
966:Cladogram
946:Withiidae
865:Menthidae
802:Garypidae
739:Atemnidae
702:Aristotle
684:from the
601:Evolution
453:spiracles
422:sternites
388:pedipalps
371:scorpions
367:pedipalps
363:Arachnida
310:or small
265:arachnids
182:Arachnida
148:Kingdom:
142:Eukaryota
3725:BugGuide
3656:Wikidata
3540:Ixodida
3434:Uropygi
3379:Araneae
3244:Phylum:
3240:Animalia
3238:Kingdom
3021:31132522
2777:(3009).
2600:(2007).
2445:32393067
2437:17802636
1868:Larcidae
1753:Olpiidae
883:Olpiidae
856:Larcidae
706:booklice
686:Triassic
668:Devonian
664:New York
528:phoretic
516:arboreal
468:Phoretic
459:Behavior
449:tracheae
418:tergites
403:venomous
316:phoresis
292:booklice
290:larvae,
286:larvae,
158:Phylum:
152:Animalia
138:Domain:
3598:Extinct
3542:(ticks)
3127:: 1–15.
3001:Bibcode
2900:Bibcode
2758:4324620
2738:Bibcode
2417:Bibcode
2408:Science
2232:(ed.).
1978:
1303:
1238:
1036:
1017:Family
652:cuticle
595:phoresy
570:endemic
562:tropics
492:abdomen
437:cocoons
312:spiders
197:De Geer
188:Order:
178:Class:
3922:118083
3896:229078
3883:429272
3867:NZOR:
3834:690741
3821:172373
3769:1PSESO
3662:Q19119
3266:Extant
3229:orders
3110:
3027:
3019:
2957:. 2023
2926:
2918:
2871:
2863:
2822:
2756:
2729:Nature
2616:
2443:
2435:
2264:
1470:Hyidae
977:Order
838:Hyidae
724:porter
660:Gilboa
637:, (h)
633:, (g)
629:, (f)
625:, (e)
621:, (d)
617:, (c)
613:, (b)
392:chelae
199:, 1778
3917:WoRMS
3904:Plazi
3860:51799
3782:12106
3481:Acari
3025:S2CID
2924:S2CID
2898:(5).
2869:S2CID
2820:S2CID
2754:S2CID
2688:(PDF)
2671:(PDF)
2441:S2CID
2341:(PDF)
2334:(PDF)
2228:. In
676:amber
658:near
512:humus
503:molts
499:brood
308:ticks
304:flies
300:mites
3855:NCBI
3829:ITIS
3808:1161
3803:GBIF
3764:EPPO
3730:2892
3712:BOLD
3418:s.l.
3108:ISBN
3080:1875
3017:PMID
2963:2023
2916:ISSN
2861:ISSN
2843:PalZ
2614:ISBN
2433:PMID
2262:ISBN
433:silk
296:ants
38:PreꞒ
3842:NBN
3756:220
3751:EoL
3743:3X3
3738:CoL
3717:299
3699:AFD
3686:ADW
3097:PDF
3084:PDF
3009:doi
2997:139
2908:doi
2851:doi
2810:doi
2779:hdl
2746:doi
2734:342
2558:doi
2554:281
2425:doi
2413:153
2313:doi
662:in
379:of
275:or
259:or
3941::
3919::
3906::
3893::
3880::
3857::
3844::
3831::
3818::
3805::
3792::
3779::
3766::
3753::
3740::
3727::
3714::
3701::
3688::
3673::
3658::
3145:.
3082:.
3078:.
3023:.
3015:.
3007:.
2995:.
2991:.
2953:.
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2906:.
2894:.
2890:.
2867:.
2859:.
2847:96
2845:.
2841:.
2818:.
2806:55
2804:.
2800:.
2752:.
2744:.
2732:.
2711:.
2681:19
2679:.
2673:.
2647:.
2612:.
2608:.
2552:.
2548:.
2494:21
2492:.
2486:.
2461:.
2439:.
2431:.
2423:.
2411:.
2360:.
2349:^
2276:^
2244:^
2214:^
708:.
692:.
494:.
298:,
294:,
279:.
88:Pg
32:Ma
3219:e
3212:t
3205:v
3149:.
3143:3
3125:4
3116:.
3093:9
3031:.
3011::
3003::
2965:.
2930:.
2910::
2902::
2896:8
2875:.
2853::
2826:.
2812::
2785:.
2781::
2760:.
2748::
2740::
2697:.
2622:.
2564:.
2560::
2471:.
2447:.
2427::
2419::
2319:.
2315::
2309:3
2270:.
1157:†
954:†
93:N
83:K
78:J
73:T
68:P
63:C
58:D
53:S
48:O
43:Ꞓ
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
