475:
358:
347:
681:, around 383 million years ago. It has all of the traits of a modern pseudoscorpion, indicating that the order evolved very early in the history of land animals. Its morphology suggests that it is more primitive than any living pseudoscorpion. As with most other arachnid orders, the pseudoscorpions have changed very little since they first appeared, retaining almost all the features of their original form. After the Devonian fossils, almost no other fossils of pseudoscorpions are known for over 250 million years until
141:
119:
617:
3059:
3191:
3179:
550:
497:, which ends with the male navigating the female over his spermatophore. In Cheliferidae, the male also uses his forelegs to open the female genital operculum, and after she has mounted the packet of sperm, assisting the spermatophore's entry by pushing it into her genital opening. Females in species that possess a
516:
called the protonymph, deutonymph and tritonymph. The developing embryo and the protonymph, which remain attached to the mother, is nourished by a ‘milk’ produced by her ovary. Many species molt in a small, silken igloo that protects them from enemies during this vulnerable period.
501:(sperm storing organ) can store the sperm for a longer period of time before fertilizing the eggs, but species without the organ fertilize the eggs shortly after mating. The female carries the fertilized eggs in a brood pouch attached to her
416:, with a venom gland and duct usually located in the mobile finger; the venom is used to immobilize the pseudoscorpion's prey. During digestion, pseudoscorpions exude a mildly corrosive fluid over the prey, then ingest the liquefied remains.
520:
After reaching adulthood they no longer molt, and will live for 2–3 years. They are active in the warm months of the year, overwintering in silken cocoons when the weather grows cold. Smaller species live in debris and
599:
is the species most commonly found in homes, where it is often observed in rooms with dusty books. There, the tiny animals (2.5–4.5 mm or 0.10–0.18 in) can find their food such as booklice and
2678:
563:
More than 3,300 species of pseudoscorpions are recorded in more than 430 genera, with more being discovered on a regular basis. They range worldwide, even in temperate to cold regions such as
2686:
2850:"The first fossils of the most basal pseudoscorpion family (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones: Pseudotyrannochthoniidae): evidence for major biogeographical shifts in the European paleofauna"
2899:"First non-amber Mesozoic pseudoscorpion from Upper Triassic deposits of eastern Europe, with a description of two new fossil subfamilies (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones, Feaellidae)"
317:. They are common in many environments, but they are rarely noticed due to their small size. When people see pseudoscorpions, especially indoors, they often mistake them for
2679:"A nature's treasury: pseudoscorpion diversity of the Canary Islands, with the description of nine new species (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae, Cheiridiidae) and new records"
689:, all belonging to modern families, suggesting that the major diversification of pseudoscorpions had already taken place by this time. The only fossil from this time gap is
493:
which is attached to the substrate and is picked up by the female. Members of the
Cheliferoidea (Atemnidae, Cheliferidae, Chernetidae and Withiidae) have an elaborate
397:
A pseudoscorpion has eight legs with five to seven segments each; the number of fused segments is used to distinguish families and genera. They have two very long
2341:
2695:
3580:
1342:
1216:
1143:
1311:
1704:
1301:
1160:
691:
2368:
2897:
Kolesnikov, Vasiliy B.; Turbanov, Ilya S.; Eskov, Kirill Yu.; Propistsova, Evgenia A.; Bashkuev, Alexey S. (September 2022). Taylor, Paul (ed.).
439:. The color of the body can be yellowish-tan to dark-brown, with the paired claws often a contrasting color. They may have two, four or no eyes.
1850:
3865:
2782:
Wolfgang
Schawaller, William A. Shear & Patricia M. Bonamo (1991). "The first Paleozoic pseudoscorpions (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpionida)".
1406:
1645:
1396:
2643:
2585:
2517:
2245:
3960:
2809:"Reinterpretation of Dracochela deprehendor (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones) as a stem-group pseudoscorpion: STEM-GROUP PSEUDOSCORPION"
3813:
3839:
587:. Species have been found under tree bark, in leaf and pine litter, in soil, in tree hollows, under stones, in caves such as the
2314:
2276:
3844:
2494:
3228:
730:
2389:
2655:
3183:
3122:
2628:
2348:
3927:
3792:
2469:
435:
below). The abdomen is short and rounded at the rear, rather than extending into a segmented tail and stinger like
3870:
3805:
2737:
William A. Shear, Wolfgang
Schawaller & Patricia M. Bonamo (1989). "Record of Palaeozoic pseudoscorpions".
3852:
2372:
2296:
140:
2719:
2312:
M. Beier (1961). "Pseudoscorpione von der Insel
Ascension" [Pseudoscorpions from Ascension Island].
3152:
In "Systematics of the North
American Insects and Arachnids: Status and Needs." National Biological Survey
2986:
17:
699:
of
Ukraine, approximately 227 million years ago, which is suggested to be an early relative of the family
3722:
3709:
2620:
3094:
394:
at up to 12 mm (0.5 in). Range is generally smaller at an average of 3 mm (0.1 in).
384:. They usually range from 2 to 8 mm (0.08 to 0.31 in) in length. The largest known species is
3687:
3195:
2495:"Mating biology resolves trichotomy for cheliferoid pseudoscorpions (Pseudoscorpionida, Cheliferoidea)"
2376:
666:
408:
The pedipalps generally consist of an immobile "hand" and mobile "finger", the latter controlled by an
3919:
3727:
3932:
3880:
2784:
2528:
3955:
1246:
929:
2596:
2300:
3221:
2999:
2553:"Adaptations for matrotrophy in the female reproductive system in the pseudoscorpion <SCP>
2539:
3906:
2266:
3649:
2499:
2781:
2736:
3901:
3158:
Virginia
Agricultural Experiment Station, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
2552:
2235:
463:
3893:
3085:
Clarence
Clayton Hoff (1958): List of the Pseudoscorpions of North America North of Mexico.
3761:
3696:
3011:
2998:
Benavides, Ligia R.; Cosgrove, Julia G.; Harvey, Mark S.; Giribet, Gonzalo (October 2019).
2910:
2748:
2427:
2404:
715:, who probably found them among scrolls in a library where they would have been feeding on
541:, others may sometimes be found feeding on mites under the wing covers of certain beetles.
294:
127:
3701:
3073:
474:
8:
3150:
The
Systematic Status of Arachnida, Exclusive of Acari, in North America North of Mexico.
2951:
Adams, George (1787): Essays on the
Microscope. First edition. (London: Robert Hindmarsh)
595:
555:
526:
3714:
3015:
2961:
2914:
2898:
2752:
2431:
3214:
3035:
3000:"Phylogenomic interrogation resolves the backbone of the Pseudoscorpiones tree of life"
2934:
2879:
2830:
2764:
2613:
2451:
534:
412:. Members of the clade Iocheirata, which contains the majority of pseudoscorpions, are
357:
135:
346:
3888:
3748:
3540:
3118:
3064:
3039:
3027:
2938:
2926:
2883:
2871:
2834:
2825:
2808:
2624:
2443:
2418:
2272:
1959:
911:
662:
2455:
3623:
3019:
2918:
2861:
2820:
2789:
2768:
2756:
2739:
2568:
2435:
2323:
1126:
674:
670:
601:
567:
and above the timberline in Wyoming's Rocky Mountains in the United States and the
564:
391:
386:
3107:
2439:
3753:
2848:
Schwarze, Daniel; Harms, Danilo; Hammel, Jörg U.; Kotthoff, Ulrich (2021-06-22).
1980:
981:
After Benavides et al., 2019, with historic taxonomic groups from Harvey (1992).
920:
584:
248:
207:
3857:
3023:
733:
wrote of "a lobster-insect, spied by some labouring men who were drinking their
3800:
3787:
3628:
3532:
3522:
3517:
3377:
3287:
2866:
2849:
1986:
938:
576:
459:
455:
3201:
2327:
3949:
2930:
2875:
2240:
2015:
1931:
1573:
1170:
966:
839:
734:
568:
490:
447:
402:
253:
238:
73:
3145:. In "Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms." Vol. 2. Parker, S.P.
3131:
P. D. Gabbutt (1970): Validity of Life History Analyses of Pseudoscorpions.
2663:
3672:
3558:
3031:
2447:
2081:
1944:
1682:
1443:
1423:
1233:
857:
830:
776:
767:
737:, and borne away by an ingenious gentleman, who brought it to my lodging."
725:
720:
494:
330:
228:
223:
2416:
Peter Weygoldt (1966). "Spermatophore web formation in a pseudoscorpion".
376:. They are small arachnids with a flat, pear-shaped body, and pincer-like
118:
3826:
3681:
3545:
3509:
3262:
2105:
1863:
1588:
1329:
1262:
884:
821:
794:
785:
588:
575:
and subtropics, where they spread even to island territories such as the
512:, with more than one brood per year possible. The young go through three
498:
466:
on the posterior margins of the sternites of abdominal segments 3 and 4.
420:
298:
243:
182:
48:
2529:
The possible significance of spermathecae in pseudoscorpions (Arachnida)
2390:
Discontinuous gas exchange in a tracheate arthropod, the pseudoscorpion
616:
293:
Pseudoscorpions are generally beneficial to humans because they prey on
3618:
3436:
3295:
2608:
2572:
2249:. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 233.
1669:
1542:
1527:
1465:
1357:
947:
902:
803:
758:
716:
700:
682:
657:
571:
of Australia, but have their most dense and diverse populations in the
530:
478:
451:
450:
for mating, molting, or waiting out cold weather, but they do not have
302:
233:
93:
58:
3831:
3740:
3082:. Stanford University Publications in Biological Science. 7(1): 1–284.
3058:
2922:
591:, at the seashore in the intertidal zone, and within fractured rocks.
3774:
3477:
3414:
3360:
3325:
3308:
3256:
2793:
2760:
2615:
Extraordinary Animals: An Encyclopedia of Curious and Unusual Animals
2057:
2042:
1748:
1726:
956:
875:
812:
749:
712:
509:
424:
409:
373:
172:
152:
98:
42:
3818:
3643:
2234:
405:(pincers), which strongly resemble the pincers found on a scorpion.
3779:
3735:
3666:
3402:
3333:
3237:
3206:
3190:
1878:
1763:
893:
866:
696:
678:
583:
species have been found. There are also two endemic species on the
572:
538:
436:
432:
398:
381:
377:
326:
275:
192:
88:
83:
68:
63:
53:
3099:
Max Beier (1967): Pseudoscorpione vom kontinentalen Südost-Asien.
2896:
2586:
There are more creatures that make milk-like stuff | New Scientist
745:
The following taxon numbers are calculated as of the end of 2023.
3444:
3167:(edited by V . Mahnert). Manchester University Press, Manchester.
3148:
J. A. Coddington, S. F. Larcher & J. C. Cokendolpher (1990):
605:
580:
513:
502:
428:
333:
in which one organism uses another for the purpose of transport.
314:
103:
78:
3389:
3250:
3178:
1480:
848:
322:
162:
2997:
3914:
3490:
2987:
Gymnobisiidae (Beier, 1947) Family: Western Australian Museum
686:
522:
413:
3766:
3550:
2847:
2557:</SCP> (Chelicerata: Pseudoscorpiones, Cheliferidae)"
608:) larger than themselves, or are brought in with firewood.
443:
318:
310:
2405:
Pseudoscorpions of the World | Field Guide and Catalogues
306:
2470:"What are pseudoscorpions? | Field Guide and Catalogues"
2394:: occurrence, characteristics and temperature dependence
2268:
Ilma, Blat u Hajja: Is-Sisien tal-Ambjent Naturali Malti
549:
2597:
February, 2020's species of the month: Pseudoscorpions
2347:. Ascension Island Conservation Centre. Archived from
2265:
Schembri, Patrick J.; Baldacchino, Alfred E. (2011).
3054:
1167:
2550:
2264:
620:Example of pseudoscorpions preserved in amber. (a)
423:, is made up of twelve segments, each protected by
2612:
2492:
2271:(in Maltese). Malta University Press. p. 66.
3947:
2551:Jędrzejowska, Izabela; Garbiec, Arnold (2020).
508:Between 2 and 50 young are hatched in a single
446:from a gland in their jaws to make disk-shaped
3112:
2676:
2415:
2301:Entomological Notes: Pseudoscorpion Fact Sheet
3222:
462:, which open laterally through two pairs of
458:. Instead, they breathe exclusively through
723:referred to a "Land-Crab" in his 1665 work
3229:
3215:
2660:South African National Survey of Arachnids
2644:Desert Arthropods: Life History Variations
2607:
2260:
2258:
2256:
117:
2865:
2824:
2540:Pseudoscorpions - Bug Directory - Buglife
2334:
2311:
2228:
2226:
711:Pseudoscorpions were first described by
706:
655:The oldest known fossil pseudoscorpion,
615:
548:
473:
3117:. Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
2363:
2361:
2253:
729:. Another reference in the 1780s, when
14:
3948:
2806:
2315:Annals and Magazine of Natural History
2292:
2290:
2288:
2232:
604:. They enter homes by riding insects (
3648:
3647:
3607:
3275:
3210:
3004:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
2712:
2223:
3920:ED2E6C77-FF9E-FF9F-E5A0-A04FF9E1FE50
3881:b16e4278-60c2-4bee-9c33-d6e170e63a52
3806:12a3d9c2-f70b-4c7b-825c-173d9e27fc41
3236:
2720:"Movile Cave - An Oddity Of Romania"
2358:
970:Schawaller, Shear & Bonamo, 1991
533:, eating parasites in an example of
372:Pseudoscorpions belong to the class
3202:Video of Pseudoscorpions in Ireland
3165:Catalogue of the Pseudoscorpionida.
2285:
24:
3050:
336:
325:. Pseudoscorpions often carry out
25:
3972:
3961:Extant Devonian first appearances
3171:
2807:Judson, Mark L. I. (March 2012).
740:
665:fragments of nymphs found in the
3588:are possibly paraphyletic groups
3189:
3177:
3057:
2962:"Pseudoscorpiones de Geer, 1778"
2826:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2012.01134.x
419:The abdomen, referred to as the
356:
345:
139:
46:
3080:The Arachnid Order Chelonethida
2991:
2980:
2954:
2945:
2890:
2841:
2800:
2775:
2730:
2670:
2648:
2637:
2601:
2590:
2579:
2544:
2533:
2522:
2518:Arachnida - museu nacional/ufrj
2511:
2486:
2462:
544:
3115:The biology of pseudoscorpions
2966:World Pseudoscorpiones Catalog
2687:Revista Ibérica de Aracnología
2409:
2398:
2383:
2375:(South Africa). Archived from
2305:
366:Morphology of a pseudoscorpion
13:
1:
3078:Joseph C. Chamberlin (1931):
2440:10.1126/science.153.3744.1647
2373:Agricultural Research Council
2297:Pennsylvania State University
2216:
1043:Harvey (1992) taxa
3579:Classification is based on
3074:Pseudoscorpions of the World
976:
611:
454:like true scorpions and the
7:
3608:
3439:(shorttailed whipscorpions)
3024:10.1016/j.ympev.2019.05.023
2493:Heather C. Proctor (1993).
469:
274:, are small, scorpion-like
10:
3977:
3276:
3133:Journal of Natural History
2867:10.1007/s12542-021-00565-8
667:Panther Mountain Formation
3656:
3614:
3603:
3575:
3531:
3508:
3489:
3473:
3464:
3426:
3417:(tailless whip scorpions)
3410:
3401:
3385:
3376:
3345:
3318:
3307:
3286:
3282:
3271:
3245:
3087:American Museum Novitates
2785:American Museum Novitates
2328:10.1080/00222936008651063
2318:. 13th ser. (in German).
2233:Pocock, Reginald (1911).
2191:
2103:
2079:
2055:
2040:
2033:
2026:
2019:
2009:
1984:
1957:
1942:
1935:
1925:
1918:
1876:
1861:
1854:
1844:
1837:
1830:
1761:
1746:
1739:
1724:
1717:
1702:
1695:
1680:
1673:
1663:
1656:
1649:
1586:
1571:
1564:
1540:
1525:
1518:
1511:
1478:
1463:
1456:
1441:
1434:
1427:
1417:
1410:
1400:
1355:
1340:
1333:
1323:
1316:
1305:
1260:
1244:
1237:
1227:
1220:
1210:
1164:
1154:
1147:
1137:
1130:
1045:
1037:
1030:
1022:
1014:
1006:
998:
990:
791:(120 genera, 728 species)
220:
215:
136:Scientific classification
134:
125:
116:
34:
1247:Pseudotyrannochthoniidae
962:(37 genera, 170 species)
953:(18 genera, 125 species)
930:Pseudotyrannochthoniidae
899:(24 genera, 211 species)
890:(34 genera, 748 species)
818:(11 genera, 110 species)
800:(54 genera, 909 species)
782:(64 genera, 312 species)
755:(21 genera, 194 species)
646:Geogarypus macrodactylus
638:Electrochelifer balticus
559:) on top of an open book
3163:Mark S. Harvey (1991):
3141:W. B. Muchmore (1982):
3113:Peter Weygoldt (1969).
2903:Papers in Palaeontology
2694:: 27–45. Archived from
2677:Volker Mahnert (2011).
2342:"Endemic invertebrates"
2246:Encyclopædia Britannica
863:(15 genera, 86 species)
827:(21 genera, 94 species)
764:(12 genera, 44 species)
650:Microcreagris koellneri
622:Progonatemnus succineus
380:that resemble those of
278:belonging to the order
2500:Journal of Arachnology
944:(3 genera, 21 species)
935:(6 genera, 80 species)
926:(2 genera, 12 species)
917:(2 genera, 13 species)
881:(5 genera, 12 species)
854:(2 genera, 41 species)
845:(4 genera, 17 species)
836:(2 genera, 81 species)
773:(9 genera, 81 species)
658:Dracochela deprehendor
652:
560:
486:
485:sp.) on a fly, Germany
3902:Paleobiology Database
3298:(microwhip scorpions)
2561:Journal of Morphology
2236:"Book-Scorpion"
872:(1 genus, 15 species)
809:(8 genus, 37 species)
707:Historical references
619:
552:
477:
442:Pseudoscorpions spin
3801:Fauna Europaea (new)
3480:(hooded tickspiders)
3186:at Wikimedia Commons
3072:Mark Harvey (2011).
2474:www.museum.wa.gov.au
2392:Garypus californicus
972:(1 genus, 1 species)
908:(1 genus, 1 species)
677:, dating to the mid-
642:Cheiridium hartmanni
634:Neobisium exstinctum
489:The male produces a
128:Neobisium sylvaticum
3016:2019MolPE.13906509B
2915:2022PPal....8E1466K
2753:1989Natur.341..527S
2555:Chelifer cancroides
2432:1966Sci...153.1647W
2426:(3744): 1647–1649.
630:Chelignathus kochii
596:Chelifer cancroides
556:Chelifer cancroides
537:. Some species are
529:, while others are
525:. Some species are
3353:Pseudoscorpionida
2573:10.1002/jmor.21238
653:
579:, where around 25
561:
535:cleaning symbiosis
487:
110:Devonian to Recent
27:Order of arachnids
3943:
3942:
3889:Open Tree of Life
3702:Pseudoscorpionida
3650:Taxon identifiers
3641:
3640:
3637:
3636:
3599:
3598:
3595:
3594:
3571:
3570:
3567:
3566:
3554:
3541:Opilioacariformes
3501:
3481:
3460:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3448:
3440:
3418:
3393:
3372:
3371:
3364:
3356:
3355:(pseudoscorpions)
3337:
3329:
3299:
3182:Media related to
3143:Pseudoscorpionida
3065:Arthropods portal
2923:10.1002/spp2.1466
2747:(6242): 527–529.
2656:"Pseudoscorpions"
2567:(10): 1160–1172.
2369:"Pseudoscorpions"
2278:978-99909-44-48-8
2213:
2212:
2188:
2187:
2179:
2178:
2170:
2169:
2161:
2160:
2152:
2151:
2143:
2142:
2134:
2133:
2125:
2124:
2116:
2115:
2092:
2091:
2068:
2067:
1998:
1997:
1970:
1969:
1960:Pseudochiridiidae
1907:
1906:
1898:
1897:
1889:
1888:
1819:
1818:
1810:
1809:
1801:
1800:
1792:
1791:
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1774:
1773:
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1617:
1616:
1608:
1607:
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1490:
1386:
1385:
1377:
1376:
1368:
1367:
1291:
1290:
1282:
1281:
1273:
1272:
1199:
1198:
1190:
1189:
1181:
1180:
1119:
1118:
1110:
1109:
1101:
1100:
1092:
1091:
1083:
1082:
1074:
1073:
1065:
1064:
1056:
1055:
971:
961:
952:
943:
934:
925:
916:
912:Pseudochiridiidae
907:
898:
889:
880:
871:
862:
853:
844:
835:
826:
817:
808:
799:
790:
781:
772:
763:
754:
553:A book scorpion (
284:Pseudoscorpionida
261:
260:
211:
111:
16:(Redirected from
3968:
3936:
3935:
3923:
3922:
3910:
3909:
3897:
3896:
3884:
3883:
3874:
3873:
3861:
3860:
3858:NHMSYS0000356759
3848:
3847:
3835:
3834:
3822:
3821:
3809:
3808:
3796:
3795:
3783:
3782:
3770:
3769:
3757:
3756:
3744:
3743:
3731:
3730:
3718:
3717:
3715:Pseudoscorpiones
3705:
3704:
3692:
3691:
3690:
3688:Pseudoscorpiones
3677:
3676:
3675:
3658:Pseudoscorpiones
3645:
3644:
3624:Phalangiotarbida
3605:
3604:
3587:
3552:
3506:
3505:
3500:
3499:
3495:
3493:
3479:
3471:
3470:
3467:
3446:
3438:
3416:
3408:
3407:
3391:
3383:
3382:
3362:
3354:
3335:
3327:
3316:
3315:
3311:
3297:
3284:
3283:
3273:
3272:
3231:
3224:
3217:
3208:
3207:
3196:Pseudoscorpiones
3194:Data related to
3193:
3184:Pseudoscorpiones
3181:
3128:
3067:
3062:
3061:
3044:
3043:
2995:
2989:
2984:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2958:
2952:
2949:
2943:
2942:
2894:
2888:
2887:
2869:
2845:
2839:
2838:
2828:
2804:
2798:
2797:
2779:
2773:
2772:
2761:10.1038/341527a0
2734:
2728:
2727:
2726:. 25 April 2017.
2716:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2706:
2700:
2683:
2674:
2668:
2667:
2662:. Archived from
2652:
2646:
2641:
2635:
2634:
2618:
2605:
2599:
2594:
2588:
2583:
2577:
2576:
2548:
2542:
2537:
2531:
2526:
2520:
2515:
2509:
2508:
2490:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2480:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2413:
2407:
2402:
2396:
2387:
2381:
2380:
2365:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2346:
2338:
2332:
2331:
2309:
2303:
2294:
2283:
2282:
2262:
2251:
2250:
2238:
2230:
2036:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2012:
2011:
1938:
1937:
1928:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1857:
1856:
1847:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1742:
1741:
1720:
1719:
1698:
1697:
1676:
1675:
1666:
1665:
1659:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1567:
1566:
1521:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1459:
1458:
1437:
1436:
1430:
1429:
1420:
1419:
1413:
1412:
1403:
1402:
1343:Pseudogaryptidae
1336:
1335:
1326:
1325:
1319:
1318:
1308:
1307:
1240:
1239:
1230:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1217:Heterosphyronida
1213:
1212:
1169:
1157:
1156:
1150:
1149:
1144:Palaeosphyronida
1140:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1127:Pseudoscorpiones
1123:
1122:
1040:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1025:
1024:
1017:
1016:
1009:
1008:
1001:
1000:
993:
992:
985:
984:
969:
960:Chamberlin, 1931
959:
951:Chamberlin, 1930
950:
942:Chamberlin, 1923
941:
932:
924:Chamberlin, 1923
923:
915:Chamberlin, 1923
914:
905:
896:
888:Chamberlin, 1930
887:
879:Chamberlin, 1930
878:
869:
861:Chamberlin, 1930
860:
852:Chamberlin, 1930
851:
842:
834:Chamberlin, 1930
833:
824:
815:
806:
797:
788:
779:
770:
762:Chamberlin, 1930
761:
752:
626:Roncus succineus
602:house dust mites
565:Northern Ontario
481:pseudoscorpion (
392:Ascension Island
387:Garypus titanius
360:
349:
282:, also known as
280:Pseudoscorpiones
266:, also known as
206:
203:Pseudoscorpiones
144:
143:
121:
109:
108:
45:
38:Temporal range:
32:
31:
21:
3976:
3975:
3971:
3970:
3969:
3967:
3966:
3965:
3956:Pseudoscorpions
3946:
3945:
3944:
3939:
3931:
3926:
3918:
3913:
3905:
3900:
3892:
3887:
3879:
3877:
3869:
3864:
3856:
3851:
3843:
3838:
3830:
3825:
3817:
3812:
3804:
3799:
3791:
3786:
3778:
3773:
3765:
3760:
3752:
3747:
3739:
3734:
3726:
3721:
3713:
3708:
3700:
3695:
3686:
3685:
3680:
3671:
3670:
3665:
3652:
3642:
3633:
3610:
3591:
3585:
3563:
3527:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3485:
3465:
3452:
3422:
3397:
3368:
3363:(camel spiders)
3341:
3309:
3303:
3278:
3267:
3241:
3235:
3174:
3125:
3101:Pacific Insects
3063:
3056:
3053:
3051:Further reading
3048:
3047:
2996:
2992:
2985:
2981:
2971:
2969:
2960:
2959:
2955:
2950:
2946:
2895:
2891:
2846:
2842:
2805:
2801:
2780:
2776:
2735:
2731:
2718:
2717:
2713:
2704:
2702:
2698:
2681:
2675:
2671:
2654:
2653:
2649:
2642:
2638:
2631:
2621:Greenwood Press
2606:
2602:
2595:
2591:
2584:
2580:
2549:
2545:
2538:
2534:
2527:
2523:
2516:
2512:
2491:
2487:
2478:
2476:
2468:
2467:
2463:
2414:
2410:
2403:
2399:
2388:
2384:
2367:
2366:
2359:
2351:
2344:
2340:
2339:
2335:
2322:(34): 593–598.
2310:
2306:
2295:
2286:
2279:
2263:
2254:
2231:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2205:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2189:
2180:
2171:
2162:
2153:
2144:
2135:
2126:
2117:
2093:
2069:
1999:
1981:Sternophoroidea
1971:
1908:
1899:
1890:
1820:
1811:
1802:
1793:
1784:
1775:
1636:
1627:
1618:
1609:
1600:
1554:
1501:
1492:
1387:
1378:
1369:
1312:Atoposphyronida
1292:
1283:
1274:
1200:
1191:
1182:
1120:
1111:
1102:
1093:
1084:
1075:
1066:
1057:
979:
921:Pseudogarypidae
807:Ellingsen, 1906
743:
709:
614:
585:Maltese Islands
547:
472:
427:plates (called
410:adductor muscle
370:
369:
368:
367:
363:
362:
361:
352:
351:
350:
339:
337:Characteristics
268:false scorpions
264:Pseudoscorpions
249:Sternophoroidea
205:
138:
112:
107:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
40:
39:
36:
35:Pseudoscorpions
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3974:
3964:
3963:
3958:
3941:
3940:
3938:
3937:
3924:
3911:
3898:
3885:
3875:
3862:
3849:
3836:
3823:
3810:
3797:
3788:Fauna Europaea
3784:
3771:
3758:
3745:
3732:
3719:
3706:
3693:
3678:
3662:
3660:
3654:
3653:
3639:
3638:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3631:
3629:Trigonotarbida
3626:
3621:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3601:
3600:
3597:
3596:
3593:
3592:
3590:
3589:
3586:Items in green
3583:
3576:
3573:
3572:
3569:
3568:
3565:
3564:
3562:
3561:
3556:
3548:
3543:
3537:
3535:
3533:Parasitiformes
3529:
3528:
3526:
3525:
3523:Trombidiformes
3520:
3518:Sarcoptiformes
3514:
3512:
3503:
3498:(ticks, mites)
3487:
3486:
3484:
3483:
3474:
3468:
3462:
3461:
3458:
3457:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3450:
3442:
3433:
3431:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3420:
3411:
3405:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3395:
3386:
3380:
3378:Tetrapulmonata
3374:
3373:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3358:
3349:
3347:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3339:
3331:
3322:
3320:
3313:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3301:
3292:
3290:
3288:Incertae sedis
3280:
3279:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3265:
3259:
3253:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3234:
3233:
3226:
3219:
3211:
3205:
3204:
3199:
3198:at Wikispecies
3187:
3173:
3172:External links
3170:
3169:
3168:
3161:
3146:
3139:
3129:
3123:
3110:
3106:(2): 341–369.
3097:
3083:
3076:
3069:
3068:
3052:
3049:
3046:
3045:
2990:
2979:
2953:
2944:
2889:
2840:
2819:(2): 261–283.
2799:
2774:
2729:
2711:
2669:
2666:on 2012-01-07.
2647:
2636:
2629:
2600:
2589:
2578:
2543:
2532:
2521:
2510:
2485:
2461:
2408:
2397:
2382:
2379:on 2012-02-22.
2357:
2354:on 2010-05-09.
2333:
2304:
2299:, Department:
2284:
2277:
2252:
2241:Chisholm, Hugh
2221:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2211:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2186:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2159:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2141:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2090:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2039:
2034:
2032:
2027:
2025:
2020:
2018:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1987:Sternophoridae
1983:
1977:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1968:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1941:
1936:
1934:
1926:
1924:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1896:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1875:
1872:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1860:
1855:
1853:
1845:
1843:
1838:
1836:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1817:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1808:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1790:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1772:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1760:
1757:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1745:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1723:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1705:Hesperolpiidae
1701:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1679:
1674:
1672:
1664:
1662:
1657:
1655:
1650:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1633:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1624:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1615:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1570:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1551:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1524:
1519:
1517:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1489:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1462:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1440:
1435:
1433:
1428:
1426:
1418:
1416:
1411:
1409:
1401:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1375:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1366:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1339:
1334:
1332:
1324:
1322:
1317:
1315:
1306:
1304:
1302:Homosphyronida
1298:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1289:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1280:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1271:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1243:
1238:
1236:
1228:
1226:
1221:
1219:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1179:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1163:
1161:Dracocheloidea
1155:
1153:
1148:
1146:
1138:
1136:
1131:
1129:
1121:
1117:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1044:
1038:
1036:
1031:
1029:
1023:
1021:
1015:
1013:
1007:
1005:
999:
997:
991:
989:
983:
978:
975:
974:
973:
963:
954:
945:
939:Sternophoridae
936:
927:
918:
909:
900:
891:
882:
873:
864:
855:
846:
837:
828:
819:
810:
801:
792:
783:
774:
765:
756:
742:
741:Classification
739:
708:
705:
692:Archaeofeaella
661:is known from
613:
610:
577:Canary Islands
546:
543:
471:
468:
456:Tetrapulmonata
437:true scorpions
365:
364:
355:
354:
353:
344:
343:
342:
341:
340:
338:
335:
272:book scorpions
259:
258:
257:
256:
251:
246:
241:
236:
231:
226:
218:
217:
216:Superfamilies
213:
212:
200:
196:
195:
190:
186:
185:
180:
176:
175:
170:
166:
165:
160:
156:
155:
150:
146:
145:
132:
131:
123:
122:
114:
113:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
37:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3973:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3953:
3951:
3934:
3929:
3925:
3921:
3916:
3912:
3908:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3890:
3886:
3882:
3876:
3872:
3867:
3863:
3859:
3854:
3850:
3846:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3828:
3824:
3820:
3815:
3811:
3807:
3802:
3798:
3794:
3789:
3785:
3781:
3776:
3772:
3768:
3763:
3759:
3755:
3750:
3746:
3742:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3724:
3720:
3716:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3698:
3694:
3689:
3683:
3679:
3674:
3668:
3664:
3663:
3661:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3646:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3616:
3613:
3606:
3602:
3584:
3582:
3581:Shultz (2007)
3578:
3577:
3574:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3534:
3530:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3513:
3511:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3488:
3482:
3476:
3475:
3472:
3469:
3463:
3449:
3447:(vinegaroons)
3443:
3441:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3430:
3427:Thelyphonida
3425:
3419:
3413:
3412:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3400:
3394:
3388:
3387:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3375:
3365:
3359:
3357:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3344:
3338:
3332:
3330:
3324:
3323:
3321:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3306:
3300:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3274:
3270:
3264:
3260:
3258:
3254:
3252:
3248:
3247:
3244:
3239:
3232:
3227:
3225:
3220:
3218:
3213:
3212:
3209:
3203:
3200:
3197:
3192:
3188:
3185:
3180:
3176:
3175:
3166:
3162:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3144:
3140:
3137:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3124:9780674074255
3120:
3116:
3111:
3109:
3105:
3102:
3098:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3081:
3077:
3075:
3071:
3070:
3066:
3060:
3055:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2994:
2988:
2983:
2967:
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2957:
2948:
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2928:
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2912:
2908:
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2900:
2893:
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2863:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2844:
2836:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2813:Palaeontology
2810:
2803:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2786:
2778:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2741:
2733:
2725:
2721:
2715:
2701:on 2016-03-04
2697:
2693:
2689:
2688:
2680:
2673:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2651:
2645:
2640:
2632:
2630:9780313339226
2626:
2622:
2617:
2616:
2610:
2604:
2598:
2593:
2587:
2582:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2556:
2547:
2541:
2536:
2530:
2525:
2519:
2514:
2507:(2): 156–158.
2506:
2502:
2501:
2496:
2489:
2475:
2471:
2465:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
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2421:
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2406:
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2261:
2259:
2257:
2248:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2229:
2227:
2222:
2209:
2208:
2203:Elassommatina
2184:
2183:
2175:
2174:
2166:
2165:
2157:
2156:
2148:
2147:
2139:
2138:
2130:
2129:
2121:
2120:
2112:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2088:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2064:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2049:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2038:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2017:
2016:Cheliferoidea
2014:
2013:
2007:
2006:
2003:
2002:
1994:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1966:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1940:
1939:
1933:
1932:Cheiridioidea
1930:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1903:
1902:
1894:
1893:
1885:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1874:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1859:
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1852:
1849:
1848:
1842:
1841:
1835:
1834:
1828:
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1824:
1823:
1815:
1814:
1806:
1805:
1797:
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1770:
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1759:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1744:
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1733:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1722:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1678:
1677:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1661:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1631:
1630:
1622:
1621:
1613:
1612:
1604:
1603:
1595:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1584:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1574:Gymnobisiidae
1569:
1568:
1562:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1549:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1538:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1516:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1496:
1495:
1487:
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1483:
1482:
1476:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1439:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1415:
1414:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1382:
1381:
1373:
1372:
1364:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1287:
1286:
1278:
1277:
1269:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1258:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1242:
1241:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1225:
1224:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1195:
1194:
1186:
1185:
1177:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1171:Dracochelidae
1162:
1159:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1115:
1114:
1106:
1105:
1097:
1096:
1088:
1087:
1079:
1078:
1070:
1069:
1061:
1060:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1027:
1026:
1019:
1018:
1011:
1010:
1003:
1002:
995:
994:
987:
986:
982:
968:
967:Dracochelidae
964:
958:
955:
949:
946:
940:
937:
931:
928:
922:
919:
913:
910:
904:
901:
895:
892:
886:
883:
877:
874:
868:
865:
859:
856:
850:
847:
841:
840:Gymnobisiidae
838:
832:
829:
823:
820:
814:
811:
805:
802:
796:
793:
787:
784:
778:
775:
769:
766:
760:
757:
753:Kishida, 1929
751:
748:
747:
746:
738:
736:
732:
728:
727:
722:
718:
714:
704:
702:
698:
694:
693:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
659:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
618:
609:
607:
603:
598:
597:
592:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
569:Jenolan Caves
566:
558:
557:
551:
542:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
518:
515:
511:
506:
504:
500:
496:
492:
491:spermatophore
484:
483:Lamprochernes
480:
476:
467:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
440:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
417:
415:
411:
406:
404:
400:
395:
393:
389:
388:
383:
379:
375:
359:
348:
334:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
299:carpet beetle
296:
291:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
255:
254:Cheliferoidea
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
239:Cheiridioidea
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
221:
219:
214:
209:
204:
201:
198:
197:
194:
191:
188:
187:
184:
181:
178:
177:
174:
171:
168:
167:
164:
161:
158:
157:
154:
151:
148:
147:
142:
137:
133:
130:
129:
124:
120:
115:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
44:
33:
30:
19:
3657:
3559:Mesostigmata
3428:
3352:
3346:Haplocnemata
3328:(harvestmen)
3319:Stomothecata
3164:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3142:
3135:
3132:
3114:
3103:
3100:
3090:
3086:
3079:
3007:
3003:
2993:
2982:
2970:. Retrieved
2965:
2956:
2947:
2906:
2902:
2892:
2857:
2853:
2843:
2816:
2812:
2802:
2783:
2777:
2744:
2738:
2732:
2723:
2714:
2703:. Retrieved
2696:the original
2691:
2685:
2672:
2664:the original
2659:
2650:
2639:
2614:
2603:
2592:
2581:
2564:
2560:
2554:
2546:
2535:
2524:
2513:
2504:
2498:
2488:
2477:. Retrieved
2473:
2464:
2423:
2417:
2411:
2400:
2391:
2385:
2377:the original
2349:the original
2336:
2319:
2313:
2307:
2267:
2244:
2200:Mestommatina
2194:Epiochierata
2104:
2082:Cheliferidae
2080:
2056:
2041:
1985:
1958:
1945:Cheiridiidae
1943:
1877:
1862:
1851:Garypinoidea
1762:
1747:
1725:
1703:
1683:Geogarypidae
1681:
1587:
1572:
1541:
1526:
1479:
1464:
1444:Ideoroncidae
1442:
1424:Neobisioidea
1356:
1341:
1261:
1245:
1234:Chthonioidea
1166:
1165:
1046:
1020:Superfamily
980:
906:Harvey, 1992
870:Harvey, 1992
858:Ideoroncidae
831:Geogarypidae
777:Cheliferidae
771:Hansen, 1894
768:Cheiridiidae
744:
731:George Adams
726:Micrographia
724:
721:Robert Hooke
710:
690:
656:
654:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
594:
593:
562:
554:
545:Distribution
519:
507:
495:mating dance
488:
482:
441:
418:
407:
401:with palpal
396:
385:
371:
331:commensalism
329:, a form of
313:, and small
295:clothes moth
292:
288:Chelonethida
287:
283:
279:
271:
267:
263:
262:
229:Neobisioidea
224:Chthonioidea
202:
126:
29:
18:Neobisioidea
3827:iNaturalist
3682:Wikispecies
3546:Holothyrida
3510:Acariformes
3466:Acaromorpha
3437:Schizomida
3336:(scorpions)
3334:Scorpiones
3296:Palpigradi
3263:Chelicerata
3261:Subphylum:
2197:Hemictenata
2106:Chernetidae
1864:Garypinidae
1589:Neobisiidae
1407:Hemictenata
1330:Feaelloidea
1263:Chthoniidae
1004:Infraorder
933:Beier, 1932
897:Banks, 1895
885:Neobisiidae
843:Beier, 1947
825:Daday, 1888
822:Garypinidae
816:Simon, 1879
798:Daday, 1888
795:Chthoniidae
789:Menge, 1855
786:Chernetidae
780:Risso, 1827
685:fossils in
589:Movile Cave
531:phagophiles
499:spermatheca
425:sclerotized
421:opisthosoma
244:Feaelloidea
183:Chelicerata
179:Subphylum:
41:380–0
3950:Categories
3478:Ricinulei
3415:Amblypygi
3361:Solifugae
3326:Opiliones
3257:Arthropoda
3010:: 106509.
2972:25 October
2724:WorldAtlas
2705:2012-09-04
2609:Ross Piper
2479:2022-04-02
2217:References
1670:Garypoidea
1646:Panctenata
1543:Parahyidae
1528:Syarinidae
1466:Bochicidae
1397:Iocheirata
1358:Feaellidae
1012:Parvorder
948:Syarinidae
903:Parahyidae
804:Feaellidae
759:Bochicidae
701:Feaellidae
683:Cretaceous
452:book lungs
431:above and
234:Garypoidea
173:Arthropoda
3619:Haptopoda
3403:Pedipalpi
3392:(spiders)
3310:Dromopoda
3238:Arachnida
3040:167218890
2939:253137909
2931:2056-2799
2884:235600702
2876:1867-6812
2860:: 11–27.
2835:129220288
2794:2246/5041
2058:Atemnidae
2043:Withiidae
1749:Menthidae
1727:Garypidae
996:Suborder
977:Cladogram
957:Withiidae
876:Menthidae
813:Garypidae
750:Atemnidae
713:Aristotle
695:from the
612:Evolution
464:spiracles
433:sternites
399:pedipalps
382:scorpions
378:pedipalps
374:Arachnida
321:or small
276:arachnids
193:Arachnida
159:Kingdom:
153:Eukaryota
3736:BugGuide
3667:Wikidata
3551:Ixodida
3445:Uropygi
3390:Araneae
3255:Phylum:
3251:Animalia
3249:Kingdom
3032:31132522
2788:(3009).
2611:(2007).
2456:32393067
2448:17802636
1879:Larcidae
1764:Olpiidae
894:Olpiidae
867:Larcidae
717:booklice
697:Triassic
679:Devonian
675:New York
539:phoretic
527:arboreal
479:Phoretic
470:Behavior
460:tracheae
429:tergites
414:venomous
327:phoresis
303:booklice
301:larvae,
297:larvae,
169:Phylum:
163:Animalia
149:Domain:
3609:Extinct
3553:(ticks)
3138:: 1–15.
3012:Bibcode
2911:Bibcode
2769:4324620
2749:Bibcode
2428:Bibcode
2419:Science
2243:(ed.).
1989:
1314:
1249:
1047:
1028:Family
663:cuticle
606:phoresy
581:endemic
573:tropics
503:abdomen
448:cocoons
323:spiders
208:De Geer
199:Order:
189:Class:
3933:118083
3907:229078
3894:429272
3878:NZOR:
3845:690741
3832:172373
3780:1PSESO
3673:Q19119
3277:Extant
3240:orders
3121:
3038:
3030:
2968:. 2023
2937:
2929:
2882:
2874:
2833:
2767:
2740:Nature
2627:
2454:
2446:
2275:
1481:Hyidae
988:Order
849:Hyidae
735:porter
671:Gilboa
648:, (h)
644:, (g)
640:, (f)
636:, (e)
632:, (d)
628:, (c)
624:, (b)
403:chelae
210:, 1778
3928:WoRMS
3915:Plazi
3871:51799
3793:12106
3492:Acari
3036:S2CID
2935:S2CID
2909:(5).
2880:S2CID
2831:S2CID
2765:S2CID
2699:(PDF)
2682:(PDF)
2452:S2CID
2352:(PDF)
2345:(PDF)
2239:. In
687:amber
669:near
523:humus
514:molts
510:brood
319:ticks
315:flies
311:mites
3866:NCBI
3840:ITIS
3819:1161
3814:GBIF
3775:EPPO
3741:2892
3723:BOLD
3429:s.l.
3119:ISBN
3091:1875
3028:PMID
2974:2023
2927:ISSN
2872:ISSN
2854:PalZ
2625:ISBN
2444:PMID
2273:ISBN
444:silk
307:ants
49:PreꞒ
3853:NBN
3767:220
3762:EoL
3754:3X3
3749:CoL
3728:299
3710:AFD
3697:ADW
3108:PDF
3095:PDF
3020:doi
3008:139
2919:doi
2862:doi
2821:doi
2790:hdl
2757:doi
2745:342
2569:doi
2565:281
2436:doi
2424:153
2324:doi
673:in
390:of
286:or
270:or
3952::
3930::
3917::
3904::
3891::
3868::
3855::
3842::
3829::
3816::
3803::
3790::
3777::
3764::
3751::
3738::
3725::
3712::
3699::
3684::
3669::
3156:.
3093:.
3089:.
3034:.
3026:.
3018:.
3006:.
3002:.
2964:.
2933:.
2925:.
2917:.
2905:.
2901:.
2878:.
2870:.
2858:96
2856:.
2852:.
2829:.
2817:55
2815:.
2811:.
2763:.
2755:.
2743:.
2722:.
2692:19
2690:.
2684:.
2658:.
2623:.
2619:.
2563:.
2559:.
2505:21
2503:.
2497:.
2472:.
2450:.
2442:.
2434:.
2422:.
2371:.
2360:^
2287:^
2255:^
2225:^
719:.
703:.
505:.
309:,
305:,
290:.
99:Pg
43:Ma
3230:e
3223:t
3216:v
3160:.
3154:3
3136:4
3127:.
3104:9
3042:.
3022::
3014::
2976:.
2941:.
2921::
2913::
2907:8
2886:.
2864::
2837:.
2823::
2796:.
2792::
2771:.
2759::
2751::
2708:.
2633:.
2575:.
2571::
2482:.
2458:.
2438::
2430::
2330:.
2326::
2320:3
2281:.
1168:†
965:†
104:N
94:K
89:J
84:T
79:P
74:C
69:D
64:S
59:O
54:Ꞓ
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
