46:
355:, and also regulating the movement of molecules through the matrix. Evidence also shows they can affect the activity and stability of proteins and signalling molecules within the matrix. Individual functions of proteoglycans can be attributed to either the protein core or the attached GAG chain. They can also serve as lubricants, by creating a hydrating gel that helps withstand high pressure.
454:
is a compound containing carbohydrate (or glycan) covalently linked to protein. The carbohydrate may be in the form of a monosaccharide, disaccharide(s), oligosaccharide(s), polysaccharide(s), or their derivatives (e.g. sulfo- or phospho-substituted). One, a few, or many carbohydrate units may be
745:
Seidler, Daniela (2006). "Defective glycosylation of decorin and biglycan, altered collagen structure, and abnormal phenotype of the skin fibroblasts of an Ehlers-Danlos syndrome patient carrying the novel Arg270Cys substitution in galactosyltransferase I (beta4GalT-7)".
411:
enzymes that normally degrade glycosaminoglycans leads to the accumulation of proteoglycans within cells. This leads to a variety of disease symptoms, depending upon the type of proteoglycan that is not degraded. Mutations in the gene encoding the galactosyltransferase
114:), although not every protein with this sequence has an attached glycosaminoglycan. The chains are long, linear carbohydrate polymers that are negatively charged under physiological conditions due to the occurrence of
387:
side chain on the core protein to serve as a primer for polysaccharide growth. Then sugars are added one at a time by glycosyl transferase. The completed proteoglycan is then exported in secretory
335:, a sturdy tissue that is usually heavily hydrated (mostly due to the negatively charged sulfates in the glycosaminoglycan chains of the proteoglycans). They are also involved in binding
637:"Syndecan-1 is a novel molecular marker for triple negative inflammatory breast cancer and modulates the cancer stem cell phenotype via the IL-6/STAT3, Notch and EGFR signaling pathways"
265:
688:"Syndecan-1 (CD138) modulates triple-negative breast cancer stem cell properties via regulation of LRP-6 and IL-6-mediated STAT3 signaling"
459:
in which the carbohydrate units are polysaccharides that contain amino sugars. Such polysaccharides are also known as glycosaminoglycans.
134:
Proteoglycans are categorized by their relative size (large and small) and the nature of their glycosaminoglycan chains. Types include:
844:
619:
587:
504:
1221:
1261:
1111:
227:
291:
Certain members are considered members of the "small leucine-rich proteoglycan family" (SLRP). These include
17:
822:
187:
1358:
837:
432:
372:
1348:
1311:
1271:
1251:
1226:
480:
1394:
1389:
1286:
830:
90:(Ser) residue to which the glycosaminoglycan is joined through a tetrasaccharide bridge (e.g.
577:
494:
404:
699:
316:
8:
1291:
1216:
1103:
1080:
1044:
1016:
476:
234:
198:
156:
91:
703:
1241:
790:"Nomenclature of glycoproteins, glycopeptides and peptidoglycans, Recommendations 1985"
771:
722:
687:
663:
636:
553:
528:
1316:
1145:
763:
727:
668:
615:
583:
558:
500:
428:
388:
123:
83:
789:
775:
1231:
1048:
1001:
755:
717:
707:
658:
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548:
540:
400:
160:
1188:
1160:
1076:
712:
544:
376:
270:
194:
323:
in an organism. Here they form large complexes, both to other proteoglycans, to
1338:
857:
529:"Proteoglycan form and function: A comprehensive nomenclature of proteoglycans"
320:
759:
653:
1383:
1343:
1331:
1011:
817:
417:
399:
An inability to break down the proteoglycans is characteristic of a group of
254:, 260–370 kDa, present in many adult tissues including blood vessels and skin
79:
71:
31:
852:
1256:
1168:
865:
861:
767:
731:
672:
562:
451:
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39:
35:
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1006:
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119:
45:
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214:
57:
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1306:
1301:
1276:
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180:
99:
53:
492:
1125:
1120:
1115:
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1088:
1066:
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1021:
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408:
364:
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256:
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209:
203:
176:
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49:
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348:
336:
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292:
280:
239:
165:
115:
111:
75:
67:
575:
1246:
965:
925:
384:
380:
340:
103:
87:
383:
steps. First, a special link tetrasaccharide is attached to a
1140:
1135:
980:
975:
970:
960:
955:
950:
930:
915:
910:
895:
882:
352:
219:
106:-PROTEIN). The Ser residue is generally in the sequence -Ser-
1321:
1236:
1130:
945:
940:
935:
920:
905:
900:
890:
614:. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. p. 235.
95:
612:
363:
The protein component of proteoglycans is synthesized by
107:
610:
Voet, Donald; Voet, Judith; Pratt, Charlotte (2016).
331:. The combination of proteoglycans and collagen form
576:
Hans-Joachim Gabius; Sigrun Gabius (February 2002).
486:
110:-X-Gly- (where X can be any amino acid residue but
375:. Glycosylation of the proteoglycan occurs in the
315:Proteoglycans are a major component of the animal
74:. The basic proteoglycan unit consists of a "core
1381:
569:
493:Gerhard Meisenberg; William H. Simmons (2006).
431:chains, and cause a spondylodysplastic form of
838:
609:
526:
457:Proteoglycans are a subclass of glycoproteins
86:(GAG) chain(s). The point of attachment is a
499:. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 243–.
391:to the extracellular matrix of the tissue.
845:
831:
327:, and to fibrous matrix proteins, such as
319:, the "filler" substance existing between
228:Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan
721:
711:
662:
652:
552:
479:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
446:Quoting from recommendations for IUPAC:
416:result in a reduced substitution of the
394:
44:
1151:Structural maintenance of chromosomes 3
744:
685:
634:
14:
1382:
582:. John Wiley and Sons. pp. 209–.
579:Glycosciences: Status and Perspectives
439:Distinction between proteoglycans and
826:
527:Iozzo, RV; Schaefer, L (March 2015).
179:, 220 kDa, the major proteoglycan in
24:
496:Principles of medical biochemistry
25:
1406:
1262:Cholesterylester transfer protein
1112:Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans
811:
122:groups. Proteoglycans occur in
782:
738:
679:
628:
603:
520:
470:
13:
1:
748:Journal of Molecular Medicine
463:
407:. The inactivity of specific
713:10.1371/journal.pone.0085737
545:10.1016/j.matbio.2015.02.003
358:
266:Keratan sulfate proteoglycan
188:Heparan sulfate proteoglycan
52:, the major proteoglycan in
7:
1359:Tumor necrosis factor alpha
373:rough endoplasmic reticulum
310:
10:
1411:
1349:Thyroxine-binding proteins
143:Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)
29:
1312:Serum amyloid P component
1272:Colony-stimulating factor
1209:
1187:
1159:
1102:
1075:
1043:
1034:
989:
881:
872:
760:10.1007/s00109-006-0046-4
654:10.1186/s12943-017-0621-z
1252:B-cell activating factor
1227:Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin
686:Ibrahim, Sherif (2013).
635:Ibrahim, Sherif (2017).
481:Medical Subject Headings
199:chondroitin sulfate
157:chondroitin sulfate
129:
30:Not to be confused with
1287:Membrane glycoproteins
461:
433:Ehlers–Danlos syndrome
371:into the lumen of the
60:
448:
405:mucopolysaccharidoses
395:Clinical significance
161:dermatan sulfate
48:
317:extracellular matrix
195:heparan sulfate
149:Large proteoglycans
146:Small proteoglycans
1292:Myelin protein zero
1217:Activin and inhibin
1017:Phytohaemagglutinin
704:2013PLoSO...885737I
235:chondroitin sulfate
92:chondroitin sulfate
78:" with one or more
1242:Asialoglycoprotein
61:
27:Class of compounds
1377:
1376:
1317:Sialoglycoprotein
1205:
1204:
1146:Platelet factor 4
1030:
1029:
818:Diagram at nd.edu
621:978-1-118-91840-1
589:978-3-527-30888-0
506:978-0-323-02942-1
429:glycosaminoglycan
401:genetic disorders
289:
288:
124:connective tissue
84:glycosaminoglycan
70:that are heavily
16:(Redirected from
1402:
1232:Apolipoprotein H
1041:
1040:
1002:Intrinsic factor
879:
878:
847:
840:
833:
824:
823:
805:
804:
802:
800:
786:
780:
779:
742:
736:
735:
725:
715:
683:
677:
676:
666:
656:
641:Molecular Cancer
632:
626:
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601:
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137:
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21:
1410:
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507:
491:
487:
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444:
397:
377:Golgi apparatus
361:
313:
279:
271:keratan sulfate
255:
250:
230:
218:
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190:
169:
132:
43:
28:
23:
22:
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12:
11:
5:
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1341:
1339:Thrombopoietin
1336:
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928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
887:
885:
876:
870:
869:
858:glycoconjugate
850:
849:
842:
835:
827:
821:
820:
813:
812:External links
810:
807:
806:
794:www.qmul.ac.uk
781:
737:
698:(12): e85737.
678:
627:
620:
602:
588:
568:
533:Matrix Biology
519:
505:
485:
468:
467:
465:
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443:
437:
396:
393:
360:
357:
312:
309:
287:
286:
284:
273:
268:
262:
261:
243:
237:
232:
224:
223:
222:, >500 kDa
207:
201:
192:
184:
183:
174:
163:
154:
151:
150:
147:
144:
141:
131:
128:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1407:
1396:
1395:Proteoglycans
1393:
1391:
1390:Glycoproteins
1388:
1387:
1385:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1344:Thyroglobulin
1342:
1340:
1337:
1333:
1332:Glycophorin C
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
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1305:
1303:
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1042:
1039:
1037:
1036:Proteoglycans
1033:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1012:Peptidoglycan
1010:
1008:
1005:
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998:
995:
994:
992:
988:
982:
979:
977:
974:
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902:
899:
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894:
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886:
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880:
877:
875:
871:
867:
866:glycopeptides
863:
862:glycoproteins
859:
855:
848:
843:
841:
836:
834:
829:
828:
825:
819:
816:
815:
795:
791:
785:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
754:(7): 583–94.
753:
749:
741:
733:
729:
724:
719:
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709:
705:
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697:
693:
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623:
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591:
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581:
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550:
546:
542:
538:
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508:
502:
498:
497:
489:
482:
478:
477:Proteoglycans
473:
469:
460:
458:
453:
447:
442:
441:glycoproteins
436:
434:
430:
426:
422:
419:
418:proteoglycans
415:
410:
406:
402:
392:
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263:
260:
258:
253:
248:
244:
241:
238:
236:
233:
229:
226:
225:
221:
217:, >300 kDa
216:
212:, 400–470 kDa
211:
208:
205:
202:
200:
196:
193:
189:
186:
185:
182:
178:
175:
172:
167:
164:
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117:
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109:
105:
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93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
64:Proteoglycans
59:
55:
51:
47:
41:
37:
33:
32:peptidoglycan
19:
18:Proteoglycans
1257:4-1BB ligand
1169:Fibromodulin
1035:
874:Mucoproteins
797:. Retrieved
793:
784:
751:
747:
740:
695:
691:
681:
644:
640:
630:
611:
605:
593:. Retrieved
578:
571:
536:
532:
522:
510:. Retrieved
495:
488:
472:
456:
452:glycoprotein
449:
445:
398:
379:in multiple
369:translocated
362:
314:
301:fibromodulin
290:
276:fibromodulin
245:
133:
72:glycosylated
63:
62:
40:glycopeptide
36:glycoprotein
1369:Vitronectin
1364:Uteroglobin
1354:Transcortin
1327:Glycophorin
1297:Osteonectin
1282:Lactoferrin
1007:Orosomucoid
997:Haptoglobin
120:uronic acid
58:amino acids
56:, has 2316
1384:Categories
1197:Syndecan 1
595:6 February
512:6 February
464:References
403:, called
325:hyaluronan
215:betaglycan
80:covalently
1307:Protein S
1302:Protein C
1277:Hemopexin
1267:Clusterin
1179:Keratocan
647:(1): 57.
539:: 11–55.
455:present.
409:lysosomal
381:enzymatic
365:ribosomes
359:Synthesis
345:potassium
339:(such as
333:cartilage
283:, 38 kDa
259:, 145kDa
249:, 136 kDa
242:, 25 kDa
206:, 44 kDa
181:cartilage
173:, 38 kDa
82:attached
54:cartilage
1126:Brevican
1121:Neurocan
1116:Aggrecan
1094:Perlecan
1089:Testican
1067:Versican
1062:Biglycan
1022:Ovomucin
799:16 March
776:10165577
768:16583246
732:24392029
692:PLOS ONE
673:28270211
563:25701227
425:biglycan
389:vesicles
329:collagen
311:Function
297:biglycan
278:, 42 kDa
257:brevican
252:versican
247:neurocan
231:(CSPGs)
210:perlecan
204:testican
191:(HSPGs)
177:aggrecan
171:biglycan
168:, 36 kDa
68:proteins
50:Aggrecan
1174:Lumican
1057:Decorin
854:Protein
723:3877388
700:Bibcode
664:5341174
554:4859157
421:decorin
414:B4GALT7
349:calcium
337:cations
305:lumican
293:decorin
281:lumican
240:bikunin
166:decorin
116:sulfate
112:proline
76:protein
1247:Avidin
926:MUC5AC
774:
766:
730:
720:
671:
661:
618:
586:
561:
551:
503:
483:(MeSH)
385:serine
351:) and
341:sodium
88:serine
1210:Other
1141:CSPG5
1136:CSPG4
990:Other
981:MUC20
976:MUC19
971:MUC17
966:MUC16
961:MUC15
956:MUC13
951:MUC12
931:MUC5B
916:MUC3B
911:MUC3A
896:CD164
883:Mucin
772:S2CID
427:with
353:water
321:cells
220:agrin
140:Type
130:Types
102:-Gal-
38:, or
1322:CD43
1237:CD70
1222:ADAM
1131:CD44
946:MUC8
941:MUC7
936:MUC6
921:MUC4
906:MUC2
901:MUC1
891:CD43
864:and
801:2021
764:PMID
728:PMID
669:PMID
616:ISBN
597:2011
584:ISBN
559:PMID
514:2011
501:ISBN
423:and
367:and
347:and
303:and
118:and
96:GlcA
66:are
756:doi
718:PMC
708:doi
659:PMC
649:doi
549:PMC
541:doi
108:Gly
104:Xyl
100:Gal
1386::
1189:HS
1161:KS
1114::
1104:CS
1081:CS
1077:HS
1049:DS
1045:CS
860::
856:,
792:.
770:.
762:.
752:84
750:.
726:.
716:.
706:.
694:.
690:.
667:.
657:.
645:16
643:.
639:.
557:.
547:.
537:42
535:.
531:.
450:A
435:.
343:,
307:.
299:,
295:,
126:.
34:,
1079:/
1047:/
846:e
839:t
832:v
803:.
778:.
758::
734:.
710::
702::
696:8
675:.
651::
624:.
599:.
565:.
543::
516:.
197:/
159:/
98:-
94:-
42:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
