723:
2329:
152:
706:
689:
129:
556:
414:
672:
109:
571:
757:
740:
382:
in annelids and arthropods, as their individual isomers occupy only half the width of their bodies, and are organized in an alternating pattern along the longitudinal axis of their bodies. In other words, one side is not the direct mirror image of its opposite
444:
The body is completely segmented, with all isomers curved towards the posterior, and the first isomer is normally much larger than the rest. The first two isomers at the anterior dorsal end are partly fused. (e.g.,
2225:
624:, the center undivided region has no visible isomers, instead having the lobe-like isomers emanate from the periphery of the undivided region as "transverse articulations."
477:
These proarticulatans are incompletely segmented, as the anterior zone is free of isomers, often making a "hairband" like appearance (example cephalozoans include
1605:
Ivantsov Y, Fedonkin MA, Nagovitsyn AL, Zakrevskaya MA (September 2019). "Cephalonega, A New
Generic Name, and the System of Vendian Proarticulata".
2613:
389:). Opposite isomers of left and right side are located with displacement of half of their width. This phenomenon is described as the symmetry of
1898:
362:
Due to their simplistic morphology, their affinities and mode of life are subject to debate. They are almost universally considered to be
1767:
2232:
2057:
1734:
654:
juveniles show undivided anterior areas but these regions were reduced in the course of ontogeny, and in the adult stages
1274:"Upper Vendian in the east, northeast and north of East European Platform: Depositional processes and biotic evolution"
1971:
gen. et sp. n. and related carapace‐bearing
Ediacaran fossils from the Vendian of the Winter Coast, White Sea, Russia"
370:. In the traditional interpretation, the Proarticulatan body is divided into transverse articulation (division) into
2204:
1930:
Ivantsov AY (December 2010). "Paleontological evidence for the supposed precambrian occurrence of mollusks".
401:. However, other researchers dispute this. Displacement of left-right axis is known in bilaterians, notably
151:
1805:
1502:"A new Dickinsoniid from the upper Vendian of the White Sea Winter Coast (Russia, Arkhangelsk region)"
2659:
1352:
Fedonkin MA (1985). "Systematic
Description of Vendian Metazoa". In Sokolov BS, Iwanowski AB (eds.).
2120:
Narbonne GM (May 1994). "New
Ediacaran fossils from the Mackenzie Mountains, Northwestern Canada".
1253:
658:-like proarticulates changed so radically that they became almost indistinguishable from isomers.
2604:
2091:"Taphonomy of the Ediacaran Podolimirus and associated dipleurozoans from the Vendian of Ukraine"
2631:
1913:
2654:
2566:
2218:
378:
372:
2626:
1248:
548:’s initial right isomer is the only one which spreads far towards the left side of the body.
320:
2664:
1782:
1318:
2618:
1816:. The Rise and Fall of the Vendian Biota. Prato, Italy. p. 52. IGSP Project 493.
8:
1290:
332:
1322:
544:
demonstrate pronounced asymmetry of the left and right parts of the body. For instance,
2184:
2145:
2137:
2035:
1992:
1947:
1867:
1622:
1549:
1524:
1437:
1391:
1334:
146:
2058:"New Records of Fossils in the Valdaian Group of the Precambrian on the Syuz'ma River"
1368:
1306:
2188:
2149:
2039:
1704:
1663:
1626:
1554:
1441:
1413:
1338:
1273:
2106:
2072:
1996:
1951:
1871:
1395:
1330:
722:
606:
s isomers are connected to each other, forming a body resembling a rubber raft; the
2426:
2176:
2129:
2102:
2027:
1982:
1939:
1859:
1694:
1653:
1614:
1585:
1544:
1536:
1429:
1383:
1326:
1285:
608:
593:
538:
390:
597:
the zone containing the isomers is encircled by a peripheral, undivided zone. The
2551:
1768:"Some problematic fossils from the Vendian of the south-eastern White Sea region"
1749:
1590:
1573:
2589:
2487:
2346:
1070:
485:
355:
234:
2180:
2133:
2031:
1987:
1966:
1943:
1863:
1618:
1433:
2648:
2446:
2370:
1106:
814:
515:
497:
66:
552:
has an unpaired anterior lobe confined by the furrow to the left side only.
366:, and due to possessing a clear central axis have been suggested to be stem-
2464:
2281:
2011:
1708:
1667:
1558:
439:
255:
205:
1699:
1682:
1307:"A reassessment of the problematic Ediacaran genus Orbisiana Sokolov 1976"
2598:
2538:
2530:
2516:
2412:
2377:
2363:
2355:
2337:
2265:
1369:"The origin of the Metazoa in the light of the Proterozoic fossil record"
1149:
1044:
1004:
898:
858:
836:
778:
705:
640:
633:
599:
586:
561:
509:
367:
349:
337:
302:
225:
128:
118:
41:
2328:
555:
413:
2392:
2306:
2141:
1683:"Left-right asymmetry specification in amphioxus: review and prospects"
1658:
1641:
1226:
1022:
646:
638:
The dipleurozoan body is subradial, divided by isomers entirely (e.g.,
472:
453:
328:
246:
86:
51:
1540:
1387:
688:
2494:
2480:
2437:
2313:
2290:
2271:
2259:
2009:
1604:
1574:"Morphology of integuments of the Precambrian animals, Proarticulata"
1411:
1271:
1088:
986:
950:
570:
541:
527:
521:
459:
402:
398:
385:
363:
314:
297:
264:
214:
163:
138:
108:
91:
35:
28:
2560:
2090:
1642:"The evolution and conservation of left-right patterning mechanisms"
1354:
417:
Examples of the classes
Proarticulata, including reconstructions of
2583:
2523:
2473:
2419:
2164:
1847:
1501:
1469:
1190:
968:
932:
880:
756:
671:
620:
576:
533:
503:
397:
have genuine segments, and the isomerism is superficial and due to
324:
81:
76:
61:
56:
46:
1766:
Ivantsov, A.Yu.; Malakhovskaya, Y.E.; Serezhnikova, E.A. (2004).
1765:
359:
293:
96:
71:
2210:
2010:
Ivantsov AY, Fedonkin MA, Nagovitsyn AL, Zakrevskaya MA (2019).
1639:
1412:
Ivantsov AY, Fedonkin MA, Nagovitsyn AL, Zakrevskaya ZA (2019).
1304:
1272:
Maslov AV, Podkovyrov VN, Grazhdankin DV, Kolesnikov AV (2018).
393:. Some recent research suggests that some proarticulatans like
2453:
2405:
2299:
2253:
1735:"New Proarticulata from the Vendian of the Arkhangel'sk Region"
1167:
1124:
796:
491:
479:
447:
343:
289:
173:
2016:, a new generic name, and the system of Vendian Proarticulata"
1418:, a new generic name, and the system of Vendian Proarticulata"
1640:
Blum M, Feistel K, Thumberger T, Schweickert A (April 2014).
1571:
308:
1356:. Vol. 1: Paleontology. Moscow: Nauka. pp. 70–106.
615:
s isomers are separated from each other, and do not touch.
1305:
Kolesnikov AV, Liu AG, Danelian T, Grazhdankin DV (2018).
1529:
Biological
Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society
739:
1572:
Ivantsov AY, Zakrevskaya MA, Nagovitsyn AL (June 2019).
2165:"Feeding traces of Proarticulata — the Vendian metazoa"
2051:
2049:
323:, i.e. prior to animals with true segmentation such as
300:(Vendian) marine deposits, and dates to approximately
1896:
2046:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1687:The International Journal of Developmental Biology
1792:
1759:
2646:
1848:"Small Vendian transversely articulated fossils"
1892:
1890:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1522:
1407:
1405:
2055:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1298:
2345:
2226:
2088:
1897:Ivantsov, A.Yu.; Malakhovskaya, Y.E. (2002).
376:as distinct from the transverse articulation
2156:
2113:
1958:
1923:
1887:
1820:
1715:
1402:
1345:
1488:
1448:
1360:
2233:
2219:
1265:
276:
127:
107:
1986:
1698:
1657:
1589:
1548:
1523:Dunn FS, Liu AG, Donoghue PC (May 2018).
1289:
292:of extinct, near-bilaterally symmetrical
2289:
2162:
2119:
2082:
1964:
1929:
1845:
1803:
1732:
1499:
1467:
1366:
1351:
1208:Ivantsov, 2011. This is a trace of
661:
569:
554:
412:
2067:. Seriya Geologicheskaya (in Russian).
2647:
1680:
2565:
2564:
2214:
1291:10.24930/1681-9004-2018-18-4-520-542
1217:Ivantsov, 2011. This is a trace of
1474:and other precambrian "Arthropods""
13:
14:
2676:
2240:
2198:
1899:"Giant traces of Vendian animals"
1525:"Ediacaran developmental biology"
331:. This phylum was established by
2327:
2089:Dzik, J.; Martyshyn, A. (2015).
1884:illustration (c) Stanton F. Fink
1183:
755:
738:
721:
704:
687:
670:
307:. The name comes from the Greek
296:known from fossils found in the
150:
39:
2107:10.1016/j.precamres.2015.08.015
2056:Keller BM, Fedonkin MA (1976).
2003:
1878:
1674:
1633:
1598:
1331:10.1016/j.precamres.2018.08.011
771:
433:
1846:Ivantsov, A.Yu. (April 2007).
1807:Vendian animals in the phylum
1565:
1516:
627:
537:). Some cephalozoans from the
1:
1367:Fedonkin MA (31 March 2003).
1259:
466:
408:
1912:(6): 618–622. Archived from
1748:(3): 247–253. Archived from
335:in 1985 for such animals as
315:
239:Harrington & Moore, 1955
229:Harrington & Moore, 1955
7:
2205:Database of Ediacaran Biota
2065:Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSR
1591:10.15298/invertzool.16.1.03
1242:
1238:Jenkins & Gehling, 1978
1230:Jenkins & Gehling, 1978
574:Artist's reconstruction of
559:Artist's reconstruction of
10:
2681:
1975:Italian Journal of Zoology
1082:Glaessner & Wade, 1966
1074:Glaessner & Wade, 1966
1016:Glaessner & Wade, 1966
1008:Glaessner & Wade, 1966
998:Glaessner & Wade, 1966
926:Glaessner & Wade, 1966
631:
470:
437:
309:
2573:
2548:
2508:
2463:
2436:
2400:
2391:
2336:
2325:
2280:
2248:
2181:10.1134/S0031030111030063
2134:10.1017/S0022336000025816
2032:10.1134/S0031030119050046
1988:10.1080/11250000209356456
1944:10.1134/S0031030110120105
1864:10.1134/S0031030107020013
1619:10.1134/s0031030119050046
1434:10.1134/S0031030119050046
580:feeding on surface algae.
201:
196:
147:Scientific classification
145:
135:
126:
115:
106:
23:
16:Extinct phylum of animals
2163:Ivantsov AY (May 2011).
1804:Ivantsov, A.Yu. (2004).
1781:(1): 1–9. Archived from
1733:Ivantsov, A.Yu. (2004).
1500:Ivantsov, A.Yu. (1999).
1468:Ivantsov, A.Yu. (2001).
1376:Paleontological Research
1254:List of Ediacaran genera
729:Ovatoscutum concentricum
2169:Paleontological Journal
2122:Journal of Paleontology
2071:: 38–44. Archived from
2020:Paleontological Journal
1932:Paleontological Journal
1852:Paleontological Journal
1775:Paleontological Journal
1742:Paleontological Journal
1607:Paleontological Journal
1506:Paleontological Journal
1478:Paleontological Journal
1422:Paleontological Journal
2207:Advent of Complex Life
1906:Doklady Earth Sciences
862:Wade, 1971 (possible =
581:
567:
430:
2627:Paleobiology Database
1700:10.1387/ijdb.170251vs
1693:(10–11–12): 611–620.
662:List of Proarticulata
573:
558:
416:
399:taphonomic distortion
197:Classes and families
27:Temporal range: Late
2095:Precambrian Research
1965:Fedonkin MA (2002).
1578:Invertebrate Zoology
1311:Precambrian Research
712:Spriggina floundersi
303:567 to 550
1323:2018PreR..316..197K
1219:Dickinsonia costata
695:Dickinsonia costata
423:Dickinsonia costata
333:Mikhail A. Fedonkin
1659:10.1242/dev.100560
582:
568:
431:
391:gliding reflection
2642:
2641:
2567:Taxon identifiers
2558:
2557:
2504:
2503:
2387:
2386:
2323:
2322:
1938:(12): 1552–1559.
1681:Soukup V (2017).
1541:10.1111/brv.12379
1388:10.2517/prpsj.7.9
1210:Yorgia waggoneri
1062:Valdainia plumosa
1048:Fedonkin, 1983 (=
1034:Ivantsov, 2001 (=
818:Ivantsov, 2007 (=
319:) = "before" and
305:million years ago
283:
282:
269:
260:
251:
240:
230:
219:
210:
192:
2672:
2660:Bilaterian phyla
2635:
2634:
2622:
2621:
2609:
2608:
2607:
2594:
2593:
2592:
2562:
2561:
2398:
2397:
2343:
2342:
2331:
2287:
2286:
2235:
2228:
2221:
2212:
2211:
2193:
2192:
2160:
2154:
2153:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2062:
2053:
2044:
2043:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1990:
1969:Andiva ivantsovi
1962:
1956:
1955:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1903:
1894:
1885:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1843:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1801:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1772:
1763:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1739:
1730:
1713:
1712:
1702:
1678:
1672:
1671:
1661:
1637:
1631:
1630:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1569:
1563:
1562:
1552:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1497:
1486:
1485:
1465:
1446:
1445:
1409:
1400:
1399:
1373:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1349:
1343:
1342:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1269:
1060:Fedonkin, 1983 (
918:Vendomia menneri
852:(Fedonkin, 1976)
763:Tamga hamulifera
759:
746:Yorgia waggoneri
742:
725:
708:
691:
678:Andiva ivantsovi
674:
614:
605:
594:Tamga hamulifera
427:Yorgia waggoneri
318:
312:
311:
306:
267:
258:
249:
238:
228:
217:
208:
190:
185:
155:
154:
131:
111:
101:
38:
21:
20:
2680:
2679:
2675:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2670:
2669:
2645:
2644:
2643:
2638:
2630:
2625:
2617:
2612:
2603:
2602:
2597:
2588:
2587:
2582:
2569:
2559:
2554:
2552:Ediacaran biota
2544:
2500:
2459:
2432:
2383:
2332:
2319:
2276:
2244:
2239:
2201:
2196:
2161:
2157:
2118:
2114:
2087:
2083:
2075:
2060:
2054:
2047:
2008:
2004:
1963:
1959:
1928:
1924:
1916:
1901:
1895:
1888:
1883:
1879:
1844:
1821:
1813:
1802:
1793:
1785:
1770:
1764:
1760:
1752:
1737:
1731:
1716:
1679:
1675:
1638:
1634:
1603:
1599:
1570:
1566:
1521:
1517:
1498:
1489:
1466:
1449:
1410:
1403:
1371:
1365:
1361:
1350:
1346:
1303:
1299:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1245:
1202:Ivantsov, 2002.
1186:
1100:Glaessner, 1958
1092:Glaessner, 1958
1064:Fedonkin, 1983)
1052:Fedonkin, 1983)
1038:Ivantsov, 2001)
1014:O. concentricum
990:Glaessner, 1976
822:Ivantsov, 2001)
774:
769:
768:
767:
766:
765:
760:
751:
750:
749:
748:
743:
734:
733:
732:
731:
726:
717:
716:
715:
714:
709:
700:
699:
698:
697:
692:
683:
682:
681:
680:
675:
664:
636:
630:
612:
603:
475:
469:
442:
436:
419:Vendia sokolovi
411:
301:
275:For more taxa,
259:Glaessner, 1958
237:
189:
183:
149:
102:
100:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
33:
32:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2678:
2668:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2636:
2623:
2610:
2595:
2579:
2577:
2571:
2570:
2556:
2555:
2549:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2542:
2535:
2527:
2520:
2512:
2510:
2506:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2498:
2491:
2488:Praecambridium
2484:
2477:
2469:
2467:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2450:
2442:
2440:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2430:
2423:
2416:
2409:
2401:
2395:
2389:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2381:
2374:
2367:
2360:
2351:
2349:
2347:Dickinsoniidae
2340:
2334:
2333:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2317:
2310:
2303:
2295:
2293:
2284:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2274:
2268:
2262:
2256:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2238:
2237:
2230:
2223:
2215:
2209:
2208:
2200:
2199:External links
2197:
2195:
2194:
2175:(3): 237–248.
2155:
2128:(3): 411–416.
2112:
2081:
2078:on 2007-09-27.
2045:
2026:(5): 447–454.
2002:
1981:(2): 175–181.
1957:
1922:
1919:on 2007-07-04.
1886:
1877:
1858:(2): 113–122.
1819:
1791:
1788:on 2007-07-04.
1758:
1755:on 2007-09-27.
1714:
1673:
1652:(8): 1603–13.
1632:
1613:(5): 447–454.
1597:
1564:
1535:(2): 914–932.
1515:
1487:
1447:
1428:(5): 447–454.
1401:
1359:
1344:
1297:
1284:(4): 520–542.
1263:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1256:
1251:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1239:
1232:
1231:
1222:
1221:
1212:
1203:
1196:
1195:
1194:Ivantsov, 2002
1185:
1182:
1181:
1180:
1179:Ivantsov, 1999
1173:
1172:
1171:Ivantsov, 1999
1163:
1162:
1161:Narbonne, 1994
1155:
1154:
1153:Narbonne, 1994
1144:
1143:
1142:Ivantsov, 2004
1137:
1130:
1129:
1120:
1119:
1118:Ivantsov, 2007
1112:
1111:
1110:Ivantsov, 2007
1102:
1101:
1094:
1093:
1084:
1083:
1076:
1075:
1071:Praecambridium
1066:
1065:
1054:
1053:
1040:
1039:
1028:
1027:
1026:Ivantsov, 2004
1018:
1017:
1010:
1009:
1000:
999:
992:
991:
982:
981:
980:Ivantsov, 2007
974:
973:
972:Ivantsov, 2007
964:
963:
962:Ivantsov, 2004
956:
955:
954:Ivantsov, 2004
946:
945:
944:Ivantsov, 2007
938:
937:
936:Ivantsov, 2007
928:
927:
921:
916:Keller 1976 (=
911:
904:
903:
894:
893:
892:Ivantsov, 2004
886:
885:
884:Ivantsov, 2004
876:
875:
868:
867:
854:
853:
846:
845:
832:
831:
830:Ivantsov, 2001
824:
823:
810:
809:
808:Fedonkin, 2002
802:
801:
800:Fedonkin, 2002
792:
791:
790:Fedonkin, 1980
784:
783:
782:Fedonkin, 1980
773:
770:
761:
754:
753:
752:
744:
737:
736:
735:
727:
720:
719:
718:
710:
703:
702:
701:
693:
686:
685:
684:
676:
669:
668:
667:
666:
665:
663:
660:
632:Main article:
629:
626:
486:Praecambridium
471:Main article:
468:
465:
438:Main article:
435:
432:
410:
407:
356:Praecambridium
288:is a proposed
281:
280:
273:
272:
271:
270:
268:Ivantsov, 2001
261:
250:Ivantsov. 2004
243:
242:
241:
235:Dickinsoniidae
222:
221:
220:
209:Fedonkin, 1985
199:
198:
194:
193:
191:Fedonkin, 1985
181:
177:
176:
171:
167:
166:
161:
157:
156:
143:
142:
133:
132:
124:
123:
113:
112:
104:
103:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
40:
26:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2677:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2655:Proarticulata
2653:
2652:
2650:
2633:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2615:
2611:
2606:
2605:Proarticulata
2600:
2596:
2591:
2585:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2576:
2575:Proarticulata
2572:
2568:
2563:
2553:
2547:
2541:
2540:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2528:
2526:
2525:
2521:
2519:
2518:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2507:
2497:
2496:
2492:
2490:
2489:
2485:
2483:
2482:
2478:
2476:
2475:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2451:
2449:
2448:
2447:Archaeaspinus
2444:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2435:
2429:
2428:
2424:
2422:
2421:
2417:
2415:
2414:
2410:
2408:
2407:
2403:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2390:
2380:
2379:
2375:
2373:
2372:
2371:Palaeoplatoda
2368:
2366:
2365:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2335:
2330:
2316:
2315:
2311:
2309:
2308:
2304:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2279:
2273:
2269:
2267:
2263:
2261:
2257:
2255:
2251:
2250:
2247:
2243:
2242:Proarticulata
2236:
2231:
2229:
2224:
2222:
2217:
2216:
2213:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2159:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2116:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2085:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2059:
2052:
2050:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2015:
2006:
1998:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1970:
1961:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1926:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1900:
1893:
1891:
1881:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1812:
1811:
1809:Proarticulata
1808:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1769:
1762:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1736:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1710:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1677:
1669:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1636:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1601:
1592:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1568:
1560:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1519:
1512:(3): 233–241.
1511:
1507:
1503:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1484:(4): 335–343.
1483:
1479:
1475:
1473:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1417:
1408:
1406:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1370:
1363:
1355:
1348:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1301:
1292:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1268:
1264:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1223:
1220:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1206:E. waggoneris
1204:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1187:
1184:Trace fossils
1178:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1116:T. hamulifera
1114:
1113:
1109:
1108:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1098:S. floundersi
1096:
1095:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1019:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1007:
1006:
1002:
1001:
997:
994:
993:
989:
988:
984:
983:
979:
978:L. lissetskii
976:
975:
971:
970:
966:
965:
961:
958:
957:
953:
952:
948:
947:
943:
940:
939:
935:
934:
930:
929:
925:
922:
919:
915:
912:
909:
906:
905:
901:
900:
896:
895:
891:
890:C. singularis
888:
887:
883:
882:
878:
877:
873:
870:
869:
865:
861:
860:
856:
855:
851:
848:
847:
843:
839:
838:
834:
833:
829:
826:
825:
821:
817:
816:
815:Archaeaspinus
812:
811:
807:
804:
803:
799:
798:
794:
793:
789:
786:
785:
781:
780:
776:
775:
764:
758:
747:
741:
730:
724:
713:
707:
696:
690:
679:
673:
659:
657:
653:
649:
648:
643:
642:
635:
625:
623:
622:
616:
611:
610:
602:
601:
596:
595:
590:
588:
579:
578:
572:
565:
563:
557:
553:
551:
550:Archaeaspinus
547:
543:
540:
536:
535:
530:
529:
524:
523:
518:
517:
512:
511:
506:
505:
500:
499:
498:Archaeaspinus
494:
493:
488:
487:
482:
481:
474:
464:
462:
461:
456:
455:
450:
449:
441:
428:
424:
420:
415:
406:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
387:
381:
380:
375:
374:
369:
365:
360:
358:
357:
352:
351:
346:
345:
340:
339:
334:
330:
326:
322:
317:
304:
299:
295:
291:
287:
286:Proarticulata
279:
278:
266:
262:
257:
253:
252:
248:
244:
236:
232:
231:
227:
223:
216:
212:
211:
207:
203:
202:
200:
195:
188:
187:Proarticulata
182:
179:
178:
175:
172:
169:
168:
165:
162:
159:
158:
153:
148:
144:
141:
140:
134:
130:
125:
122:
120:
114:
110:
105:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
37:
34:567–550
30:
24:Proarticulata
22:
19:
2574:
2550:Part of the
2537:
2529:
2522:
2515:
2509:Unclassified
2493:
2486:
2479:
2472:
2465:Sprigginidae
2452:
2445:
2425:
2418:
2411:
2404:
2376:
2369:
2362:
2354:
2312:
2305:
2298:
2282:Vendiamorpha
2241:
2172:
2168:
2158:
2125:
2121:
2115:
2098:
2094:
2084:
2073:the original
2068:
2064:
2023:
2019:
2013:
2005:
1978:
1974:
1968:
1960:
1935:
1931:
1925:
1914:the original
1909:
1905:
1880:
1855:
1851:
1810:
1806:
1783:the original
1778:
1774:
1761:
1750:the original
1745:
1741:
1690:
1686:
1676:
1649:
1645:
1635:
1610:
1606:
1600:
1584:(1): 19–26.
1581:
1577:
1567:
1532:
1528:
1518:
1509:
1505:
1481:
1477:
1471:
1425:
1421:
1415:
1379:
1375:
1362:
1353:
1347:
1314:
1310:
1300:
1281:
1277:
1267:
1235:
1225:
1218:
1214:
1209:
1205:
1199:
1189:
1177:Y. waggoneri
1176:
1166:
1158:
1148:
1139:
1136:Keller, 1969
1133:
1128:Keller, 1969
1123:
1115:
1105:
1097:
1087:
1079:
1069:
1061:
1057:
1049:
1043:
1036:Vendia janae
1035:
1031:
1021:
1013:
1003:
995:
985:
977:
967:
959:
949:
941:
931:
923:
920:Keller 1976)
917:
913:
910:Sprigg, 1947
907:
902:Sprigg, 1947
897:
889:
879:
872:C. bilobatum
871:
863:
857:
850:C. stepanovi
849:
841:
835:
828:A. fedonkini
827:
819:
813:
806:A. ivantsovi
805:
795:
787:
777:
772:Body fossils
762:
745:
728:
711:
694:
677:
655:
651:
645:
639:
637:
619:
617:
607:
598:
592:
585:
583:
575:
560:
549:
545:
532:
526:
520:
514:
508:
502:
496:
490:
484:
478:
476:
458:
452:
446:
443:
440:Vendiamorpha
434:Vendiamorpha
426:
422:
418:
394:
384:
377:
371:
361:
354:
348:
342:
336:
285:
284:
274:
256:Sprigginidae
206:Vendiamorpha
186:
137:
117:
18:
2665:Vendobionta
2599:Wikispecies
2539:Podolimirus
2531:Ovatoscutum
2517:Armillifera
2413:Cephalonega
2378:Windermeria
2364:Dickinsonia
2356:Chondroplon
2338:Dipleurozoa
2270:(unranked)
2266:ParaHoxozoa
2264:(unranked)
2258:Subkingdom
2101:: 139–146.
2014:Cephalonega
1646:Development
1416:Cephalonega
1382:(1): 9–41.
1317:: 197–205.
1215:E. costatus
1200:E. axiferus
1150:Windermeria
1140:V. rachiata
1134:V. sokolovi
1080:P. siggilum
1045:Podolimirus
1005:Ovatoscutum
942:I. rugulosa
899:Dickinsonia
864:Dickinsonia
859:Chondroplon
837:Cephalonega
820:Archaeaspis
779:Armillifera
656:Dickinsonia
652:Dickinsonia
641:Dickinsonia
634:Dipleurozoa
628:Dipleurozoa
600:Cephalonega
587:Cephalonega
562:Cephalonega
510:Podolimirus
395:Dickinsonia
368:bilaterians
350:Cephalonega
338:Dickinsonia
226:Dipleurozoa
119:Dickinsonia
2649:Categories
2393:Cephalozoa
2307:Paravendia
1260:References
1249:Articulata
1236:P. hanseni
1227:Phyllozoon
1159:W. aitkeni
1023:Paravendia
960:K. nessovi
914:D. menneri
908:D. costata
874:Wade, 1971
647:Phyllozoon
473:Cephalozoa
467:Cephalozoa
454:Paravendia
409:Morphology
329:arthropods
321:Articulata
247:Cephalozoa
136:Fossil of
116:Fossil of
31:, between
2495:Spriggina
2481:Marywadea
2438:Yorgiidae
2314:Karakhtia
2291:Vendiidae
2272:Bilateria
2260:Eumetazoa
2189:128741869
2150:133215767
2040:203853224
1627:203853224
1442:203853224
1339:134213721
1278:Litosfera
1089:Spriggina
1050:Valdainia
987:Marywadea
951:Karakhtia
924:D. tenuis
840:Ivantsov
589:stepanovi
564:stepanovi
542:Yorgiidae
528:Marywadea
522:Spriggina
460:Karakhtia
403:lancelets
386:chirality
364:metazoans
298:Ediacaran
265:Yorgiidae
215:Vendiidae
170:Kingdom:
164:Eukaryota
139:Spriggina
29:Ediacaran
2590:Q2566978
2584:Wikidata
2524:Lossinia
2474:Cyanorus
2420:Ivovicia
2254:Animalia
2252:Kingdom
1997:85352552
1952:86523806
1872:86636748
1709:29319110
1668:24715452
1559:29105292
1396:55178329
1243:See also
1191:Epibaion
1058:P. mirus
1032:P. janae
996:M. ovata
969:Lossinia
933:Ivovicia
881:Cyanorus
788:A. parva
621:Lossinia
577:Lossinia
534:Cyanorus
504:Ivovicia
379:segments
325:annelids
277:see text
218:Ivantsov
180:Phylum:
174:Animalia
160:Domain:
2142:1306192
1550:5947158
1319:Bibcode
373:isomers
294:animals
121:costata
2632:342809
2454:Yorgia
2406:Andiva
2300:Vendia
2187:
2148:
2140:
2038:
1995:
1950:
1870:
1707:
1666:
1625:
1557:
1547:
1472:Vendia
1440:
1394:
1337:
1168:Yorgia
1125:Vendia
844:, 2019
842:et al.
797:Andiva
546:Yorgia
539:family
492:Andiva
480:Yorgia
448:Vendia
344:Vendia
290:phylum
2614:IRMNG
2427:Tamga
2185:S2CID
2146:S2CID
2138:JSTOR
2076:(PDF)
2061:(PDF)
2036:S2CID
1993:S2CID
1948:S2CID
1917:(PDF)
1902:(PDF)
1868:S2CID
1814:(PDF)
1786:(PDF)
1771:(PDF)
1753:(PDF)
1738:(PDF)
1623:S2CID
1438:S2CID
1392:S2CID
1372:(PDF)
1335:S2CID
1107:Tamga
613:'
609:Tamga
604:'
516:Tamga
1705:PMID
1664:PMID
1555:PMID
644:and
591:and
531:and
457:and
425:and
327:and
316:pro-
42:PreꞒ
2619:266
2177:doi
2130:doi
2103:doi
2099:269
2028:doi
1983:doi
1940:doi
1910:385
1860:doi
1695:doi
1654:doi
1650:141
1615:doi
1586:doi
1545:PMC
1537:doi
1430:doi
1384:doi
1327:doi
1315:316
1286:doi
650:).
618:In
584:In
463:).
310:προ
2651::
2629::
2616::
2601::
2586::
2183:.
2173:45
2171:.
2167:.
2144:.
2136:.
2126:63
2124:.
2097:.
2093:.
2063:.
2048:^
2034:.
2024:53
2022:.
2018:.
1991:.
1979:69
1977:.
1973:.
1946:.
1936:40
1934:.
1908:.
1904:.
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1866:.
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1850:.
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1794:^
1779:38
1777:.
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1703:.
1691:61
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1580:.
1576:.
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1531:.
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1508:.
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1436:.
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1424:.
1420:.
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1390:.
1378:.
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1333:.
1325:.
1313:.
1309:.
1282:18
1280:.
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507:,
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1985::
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383:(
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97:N
87:K
82:J
77:T
72:P
67:C
62:D
57:S
52:O
47:Ꞓ
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
