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107:
349:, sometimes called electronic counter measures, which is the locating and dealing with unwanted forms of electronic surveillance (for example, a bugged boardroom for industrial espionage purposes). This niche service is typically conducted by those with backgrounds in intelligence/counterintelligence, executive protection, and a small number from law enforcement entities whose duties included the covert installation of eavesdropping devices as a tool in organized crime, terrorism and narco-trafficking investigations.
126:, founded the first known private detective agency, "Le Bureau des Renseignements Universels pour le commerce et l'Industrie" ("The Office of Universal Information For Commerce and Industry") and hired ex-convicts. Much of what private investigators did in the early days was to act as the police in matters for which their clients felt the police were not equipped or willing to do. Official law enforcement tried many times to shut it down. In 1842, police arrested him in suspicion of
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283:, many private investigators sought evidence of adultery or other conduct within marriage to establish grounds for a divorce. Despite the lack of legal necessity for such evidence in many jurisdictions, according to press reports, collecting evidence of spouses' and partners' adultery or other "bad behaviour" is still one of their most profitable undertakings, as the stakes being fought over now are child custody, alimony, or marital property disputes.
1632:, 434 U.S. 1035 (1978), held that "The purpose of the Act and the legislative history reveal that an organization was 'similar' to the Pinkerton Detective Agency only if it offered for hire mercenary, quasi-military forces as strikebreakers and armed guards. It had the secondary effect of deterring any other organization from providing such services lest it be branded a 'similar organization.'" 557 F.2d at 462;
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hold individual licences. Generally, the licences are administered and regulated by the state police; however, in some states, this can also be managed by other government agencies. The evidence collected by private investigators must adhere to strict rules of admissibility. If proper protocols are not followed during the investigation services, the evidence may be deemed inadmissible in the court of law.
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counterfeit goods investigation. The cost of hiring a private investigator is around one million VND per day. For cases involving infidelity surveillance or searching for missing children, clients may pay tens of millions of VND per contract. Additionally, some internet service providers have shown signs of participating in this service. In general,
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surveillance work. Great care is required to remain within the scope of the law; otherwise, the private investigator may face criminal charges. However, there are also cases around the world, of corrupt or rogue private investigators who have obtained people's private data and information through illegal means. These include phone hacking,
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Current
Vietnamese law stipulates that investigation is the authority of state agencies. According to the Investment Law and Decrees 108/2006/NĐ-CP and 52/2008/NĐ-CP, businesses providing security services are not allowed to conduct investigations or private detective activities in any form. However,
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On June 6, 2014, Hickenlooper signed into law Senate Bill 133, which effective June 1, 2015, made licensure mandatory. This split the licenses into two categories: Class I, requiring the applicant to be 21 years of age or older, hold United States citizenship and pass the
Colorado Jurisprudence Exam.
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signed into law
Colorado House Bill 1195, which reinstated licenses for private investigators on voluntary basis effective July 1, 2012. A license applicant would have to be of 21 years of age or older, hold United States citizenship and have at least 4,000 hours of work experience as an investigator
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A larger role for this new private investigative industry was to assist companies in labor disputes. Some early private investigators provided armed guards to act as a private militia. During the union unrest in the US in the late 19th century, industrialists would hire
Pinkerton agents as undercover
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Florida has 3 types of licenses - Class CC for private investigator intern, C for private investigator, and MA for manager of a private investigative agency. As Class C license requires at least 2 years of experience, most applicants start with Class CC, which allows them to work under a sponsorship
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the eligible age to work may be higher); have a clean criminal record or obtain a waiver; and submit a correctly completed application for a license. You are required to complete 50-hours of basic training with an accredited source such as a university, college, or through private agencies licensed
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and recorders strapped to their bodies to help them document their investigations. The period of the investigation could last for several months, or in some extreme cases, years. Due to the dangerous nature of the job, their real identities are typically kept secret throughout their active careers.
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for an investor considering investing with an investment group, fund manager, or other high-risk business or investment venture. This could help the prospective investor avoid being the victim of fraud. A licensed and experienced investigator could reveal the investment is risky and/or the investor
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Private investigators in
Australia must be licensed by the licensing authority relevant to the state where they are located. This applies to all states except the Australian Capital Territory. Companies offering investigation services must also hold a business licence and all their operatives must
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Certain types of undercover investigators, depending on their employer, will investigate allegations of abuse of workman's compensation. Those claiming to be injured are often investigated and recorded with a hidden camera/recorder. This is then presented in court or to the client who paid for the
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declared the licensing law too vague because it didn't adequately define a "detective business" and struck it down. Following this, several private investigators formed
Professional Private Investigators Association of Colorado (PPIAC) in order to try to get the licensing laws reinstated, but the
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The SIA have announced that PIs in the UK were to become licensed for the first time from May 2015, but this is only the scheduled date for the issue to be discussed in parliament. In
December 2014, Corporate Livewire produced an article written by a UK private investigator at BAR Investigations,
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To become registered in New South Wales requires a Class 2E licence, which can be applied for through the NSW Fair
Trading website. The Australian Capital Territory does not require PIs to be licensed, although they are still bound by legislation. PIs working in the ACT cannot enter the NSW area
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Recently, private detective services have grown significantly, primarily in the form of information provision. Common services in
Vietnam include information investigation, address finding, surveillance, phone number tracking, information verification, missing person searches, DNA testing, and
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The
Legislative Manual of the State of Colorado, Comprising the History of Colorado, Annals of the Legislature, Manual of Customs, Precedents and Forms, Rules of Parliamentary Practice, and the Constitutions of the United States and the State of Colorado, also, Chronological Table of American
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Private investigators in the United States may or may not be licensed or registered by a government licensing authority or state police of the state where they are located. Licensing varies from state to state and can range from: a) no state license required; b) city or state business license
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in 1861. Pinkerton's agents performed services which ranged from undercover investigations and detection of crimes, to plant protection and armed security. At the height of its existence, the number of Pinkerton National Detective Agency active agents and reserves rivaled the number of active
384:
An undercover investigator, undercover detective, or undercover agent is a person who conducts investigations of suspected or confirmed criminal activity while impersonating a disinterested third party. Undercover investigators often infiltrate a suspected insurgent group, posing as a person
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have separate classes of licensing for roles such as trainers of private investigators. A few reciprocity agreements allow a detective working in one state to continue work in another for a limited time without getting a separate license, but not all states participate in these agreements.
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serving as a PI may retain their police powers at all times, depending on the jurisdiction). They are expected to keep detailed notes and to be prepared to testify in court regarding any of their observations on behalf of their clients, irregular hours may also be required when performing
455:(SIA), which acted as the regulatory body from then on. However, due to the cutbacks of this agency, licensing of private investigators in the UK was halted indefinitely. At present, no government-backed authorities in the UK license private investigators.
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Economic investigations, business intelligence and information on competitors, security advice, special security services information, criminal investigation, investigations background, and profile polygraph tests are all typical examples of such a role.
173:, left him and set up a rival agency. Although little-remembered today, Pollaky's fame at the time was such that he was mentioned in various books of the 1870s and immortalized as "Paddington" Pollaky for his "keen penetration" in the 1881 comic opera,
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addressing the issues surrounding private investigation in the UK. The cost of hiring a PI in the UK can vary depending on the complexity of the investigation and the experience of the PI. However, it is typically in the range of £200 to £500 per day.
342:, and other legal documents to parties in a legal case. The tracing of absconding debtors can also form a large part of a PI's work load. Many agencies specialize in a particular field of expertise. For example, some PI agencies deal only in tracing.
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of 1893 continues to prohibit an "individual employed by the Pinkerton Detective Agency, or similar organization" from being employed by "the Government of the United States or the government of the District of Columbia."
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496:). In many states, companies offering investigation services must hold an agency license, and all of their investigators or detectives must hold individual licenses or registrations; furthermore, certain states such as
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Class II requires in addition to Class I requirements a minimum of 4,000 hours of work experience as an investigator or part of a local, state or federal law enforcement agency. In 2019, following a review, the
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For a Private Investigator License in New York, an investigator needs 3 years of verifiable experience, and to pass a NY State Department of State Division of licensing Services exam.
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and apply for a private investigator licence by completing an application for a security provider licence. Applicant will need to have a criminal history check and submit fingerprint.
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needs a clear legal framework for the private detective profession. In reality, many private detectives operate illegally, leading to calls for proper regulation of this profession.
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Other PIs, also known as corporate investigators, specialize in corporate matters, including antifraud work, loss prevention, internal investigations of employee misconduct (such as
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5 U.S. Code 3108; Public Law 89-554, 80 Stat. 416 (1966); ch. 208 (5th par. under "Public Buildings"), 27 Stat. 591 (1893). The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, in
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is still partially used by French police. He is also credited for philanthropic pursuits – he claimed he never informed on anyone who had stolen for real need.
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work. Some PIs act as professional witnesses where they observe situations with a view to reporting the actions or lack of them to a court or to gather evidence in
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to administer the course. Upon completion of basic training, individuals are required to write and pass the basic test to obtain a private investigator's license.
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has a suspicious background. This is called investigative due diligence, and is becoming more prevalent in the 21st century with the public reports of large-scale
426:, identity theft and other illegal means of accessing government, insurance and police databases to obtain highly sensitive private information on their targets.
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533:' Office of Policy, Research and Regulatory Reform suggested licensure requirement elimination, predicting "little to no consumer harm". In June 2020, Governor
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became the first state in the union to institute licensing requirements for private investigators, as stated in the 1877 Legislative Manual. In 1977, when
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Private investigators also engage in a variety of work not often associated with the industry in the mind of the public. For example, many are involved in
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of 1892, several states passed so-called "anti-Pinkerton" laws restricting the importation of private security guards during union strikes. The federal
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by virtue of the position, regardless of licensure. Private investigators’ authority is usually identical to other citizens’ (off-duty or retired
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1586:, Apr 2000. (Quote from website: "Of the roughly 2,100 officers and 26,000 enlisted men in the Army on 1 Apr 1898. . .") Retrieved 16 Aug 2021.
567:, private investigators are licensed and regulated by the Alberta Justice and Solicitor General. Similar licensing requirements apply in other
563:, private investigators are licensed and regulated by the Ministry of Community Safety & Correctional Services (MCSCS). In the province of
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2021. (Quote from webpage: "1890s: Pinkerton's National Detective Agency has 2,000 active agents and 30,000 reserves.") Retrieved 16 Aug 2021.
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Where the characters below do not meet the strict criteria of a private investigator (i.e. available for hire) it is noted in brackets.
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2242:. Colorado State Publications Library. Denver Times Publishing House and Bindery for the Colorado General Assembly. pp. 248–252.
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without a CAPI license, else they will be in breach of the law. In Queensland, a private investigator need to be licensed under the
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is a person who can be hired by individuals or groups to undertake investigatory law services. Private investigators often work for
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Private investigators in Canada are licensed at the provincial level by the appropriate body. For instance, in the province of
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interested in purchasing illegal goods or services with the ultimate aim of obtaining information about their assigned target.
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In 2001, the government passed the licensing of private investigators and private investigation firms in the UK over to the
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vetoed House Bill 1207 to keep licensure requirements, causing the licensure requirements to expire on August 31, 2021.
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2401:"Private Investigation Licenses / Business Services / Home - Florida Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services"
1667:"Jeffrey Epstein reportedly hired private investigators to intimidate and silence accusers, witnesses, and prosecutors"
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17:
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488:); c) to needing several years of experience and licensing-related training classes and testing (as is the case with
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operatives to infiltrate and disrupt union activity or serve as armed guards for factories. In the aftermath of the
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was passed explicitly barring the government from employing the Pinkerton Detective Agency or a similar agency.
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2530:"Understanding the Cost of Hiring Private Investigators in Hanoi: Influencing Factors and Calculation Methods"
2016:
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Many private detectives/investigators with special academic and practical experience often work with defense
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38:
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in the 1840s. Dupin, an amateur crime-solver residing in Paris, appeared in three Poe stories. In addition,
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or part of a local, state or federal law enforcement agency; or 2,000 hours with post-secondary education.
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case. Vidocq later suspected that it had been a set-up. He was sentenced to five years and fined 3,000
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to criminal investigation. He made the first plaster casts of shoe impressions. He created indelible
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Many jurisdictions require PIs to be licensed. Depending on local laws, they may or may not carry a
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138:, but the Court of Appeals released him. Vidocq is credited with having introduced record-keeping,
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and recording devices. While PIs may investigate criminal matters, they typically do not hold any
1783:"הסתיימה חקירת חוקרים פרטיים החשודים בפגיעה בפרטיות לאחר ששלפו מידע אישי אודות אזרחים תוך התחזות"
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587:. In order to become a licensed private investigator, you must be 18 years of age or older in
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1537:. United States Department of Labor, Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2010-2011 Edition. 2010.
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challenged a local security company's right to conduct investigations without a license, the
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in 1856 as a private detective, making her the first female private detective in America.
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investigations, due diligence investigations, malware and cyber criminal activity, and
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in the late 1880s, is arguably the most prominent private investigator in fiction.
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that have gone into hiding or to gather compromising evidence against witnesses,
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Historique des détectives et enquêteurs privés et grandes dates de la profession
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private detectives who, at times, have been known to work for criminals such as
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198:– a private detective agency – in 1850. Pinkerton became famous when he foiled
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1513:– "Le Bureau des Renseignements Universels pour le commerce et l'Industrie”
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Private detectives can perform surveillance work on behalf of individuals
2707:
Television Cartoon Shows: An Illustrated Encyclopedia, 1949 Through 2003
2480:"Xâm phạm hoạt động tư pháp và thẩm quyền điều tra các hành vi xâm phạm"
2072:"Apply for a private investigator licence | Security (manpower) licence"
1723:"Gun Show : Undercover : Report on Illegal Sales at Gun Shows"
605:
due to social demand, private detective offices have rapidly developed.
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409:. Equipment can vary greatly, but generally involves a wide variety of
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579:, private investigators are forbidden from referring to themselves as
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1859 illustration of Vidocq arresting a robber after tracking him down
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2650:"Thám tử tư thời 4.0: Khung pháp lý nào cho hoạt động thám tử tư?"
150:
and unalterable bond paper with his printing company. His form of
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2181:"Private Investigator and Security Guard Licensing Information"
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1754:"Private investigators will require licence, says Theresa May"
623:
Detective fiction § Standard private eye, or "hardboiled"
2676:"Sherlock Holmes, the world's most famous literary detective"
2558:"Bỏ hàng chục triệu đồng thuê thám tử theo dõi vợ ngoại tình"
469:
323:
135:
1929:"חשד: חוקרים פרטיים השיגו מידע אישי ממאגרים של חברות ביטוח"
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and/or police investigators that could be used in upcoming
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and taking money on false pretences after he had solved an
55:
235:
Pinkerton agents were also hired to track western outlaws
37:"Private investigation" redirects here. For the song, see
2239:
History, Lists and Tables for Reference, Biographies, Etc
1899:"Ikea goes on trial in France accused of spying on staff"
147:
2343:"DORA recommends repeal, continuation of 27 regulations"
279:
who investigate suspicious claims. Before the advent of
70:, the world's most famous fictional private investigator
1698:"What does an Undercover Detective do? (with pictures)"
577:
Private Security and Investigative Services Act of 2005
2709:(2nd ed.). McFarland & Co. pp. 201–202.
517:
bills died in the General Assembly. On June 10, 2011,
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to track down escaped victims, rival criminals and/or
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set up an enquiry office upon his retirement from the
48:"Private Detective" redirects here. For the film, see
356:
violations and sexual harassment), the protection of
1391:
986:
27:
Person hired to undertake investigatory law services
1988:"How to Become a Private Investigator in Australia"
2042:"Commercial Agent licence - NSW Fair Trading Site"
2765:
646:
2017:"Are Private Investigators Legal In Australia?"
1640:GAO Decision B-298370; B-298490, Brian X. Scott
1597:"Kate Warne America's First female Private-Eye"
186:Logo of the Pinkerton National Detective Agency
2206:"Private Investigator Licensing Requirements"
1841:"Ikea France fined €1m for snooping on staff"
1812:"Rogue private eyes report published in full"
1552:"Our History: Our roots trace back to 1850,"
1118:Jessica Fletcher (amateur/citizen detective)
696:(also a notable author of detective fiction)
2252:
2372:"Colorado HB1207 | 2020 | Regular Session"
2284:"Colorado HB1195 | 2011 | Regular Session"
1562:Pinkerton Consulting & Investigations,
531:Colorado Department of Regulatory Agencies
379:
295:and other fraudulent investment vehicles.
2313:"Colorado SB133 | 2014 | Regular Session"
2704:
181:
105:
62:
54:
2234:
347:technical surveillance counter-measures
286:Private investigators can also perform
14:
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2759:Bureau of Labor Statistics information
2731:"Vice Motherboard article on Palantir"
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2340:
2131:"Regulation of Private Investigations"
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1985:
1926:
1535:"Private Detectives and Investigators"
1529:
1527:
1525:
1523:
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1519:
1050:
2432:. Government of Ontario. 2016-09-07.
1870:"Phone hacking: How scandal unfolded"
1194:
1905:. Agence France-Presse. 2021-03-22.
1584:U.S. Army Center of Military History
541:of a licensed Class C investigator.
388:Many undercover investigators carry
338:, the personal delivery of summons,
2341:Karlik, Michael (21 October 2019).
2216:from the original on 8 October 2017
2099:
1516:
593:Provinces and territories of Canada
569:provinces and territories of Canada
400:
329:
196:Pinkerton National Detective Agency
24:
2667:
2158:. Corporate LiveWire. 2014-12-17.
468:required (such as in five states (
165:in 1852. Field became a friend of
25:
2795:
2752:
2255:"The Case of the Missing License"
987:Comics, graphic novels, and manga
868:
627:The PI genre in fiction dates to
345:A handful of firms specialize in
2253:Prendergast, Alan (2006-08-10).
1628:, 557 F.2d 456 (5th Cir. 1977),
1541:from the original on 2015-07-02.
1394:
1072:Angel (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)
1063:Mitch Buchanan (Baywatch Nights)
462:
32:Private Investigator (TV series)
2737:from the original on 2021-04-13
2723:
2698:
2642:
2617:
2596:
2575:
2550:
2537:sotaydangvien.thainguyen.gov.vn
2522:
2497:
2472:
2461:from the original on 2016-12-20
2447:
2436:from the original on 2016-11-24
2422:
2411:from the original on 2020-12-12
2393:
2382:from the original on 2021-07-09
2364:
2353:from the original on 2021-07-09
2334:
2323:from the original on 2021-07-09
2305:
2294:from the original on 2021-07-09
2276:
2265:from the original on 2021-07-09
2246:
2228:
2198:
2187:from the original on 2021-02-04
2173:
2162:from the original on 2015-09-21
2148:
2137:from the original on 2015-07-28
2123:
2112:from the original on 2023-10-01
2093:
2082:from the original on 2018-11-27
2063:
2052:from the original on 2023-04-08
2034:
2023:from the original on 2023-09-29
2009:
1998:from the original on 2021-04-13
1979:
1968:from the original on 2020-09-20
1950:
1939:from the original on 2022-10-10
1920:
1909:from the original on 2022-10-14
1891:
1880:from the original on 2022-10-11
1862:
1851:from the original on 2022-10-11
1833:
1822:from the original on 2022-10-11
1804:
1793:from the original on 2022-10-10
1775:
1764:from the original on 2022-10-13
1746:
1735:from the original on 2015-10-15
1704:from the original on 2015-07-09
1700:. Wisegeekedu.com. 2015-06-26.
1679:from the original on 2023-10-21
1603:from the original on 2012-07-10
1485:World Association of Detectives
1715:
1690:
1659:
1614:
1589:
1567:
1545:
1497:
354:Equal Employment Opportunities
43:Private Investigations (album)
13:
1:
1574:"The U.S. Army in the 1890s,"
1490:
1343:The Henry Stickmin Collection
1320:The Vanishing of Ethan Carter
1227:(Amateur juvenile detectives)
1221:(Amateur juvenile detectives)
1209:(Amateur juvenile detectives)
761:
651:
647:Notable private investigators
258:
211:soldiers and reserves in the
98:in civil and criminal cases.
39:Private Investigations (song)
2654:Báo Công an Nhân dân điện tử
2625:"Nhà mạng làm... thám tử tư"
1986:Sandru, Peter (2020-06-09).
1233:(Amateur juvenile detective)
1215:(Amateur juvenile detective)
631:, who created the character
429:
7:
2784:Law enforcement occupations
2631:(in Vietnamese). 2010-08-31
2511:(in Vietnamese). 2009-04-11
2235:Corbett, Thomas B. (1877).
1927:צימוקי, טובה (2021-05-23).
1459:Numerical analysis software
1387:
1238:
927:
769:
453:Security Industry Authority
10:
2800:
2583:"Nở rộ dịch vụ thám tử tư"
2505:"Thám tử tư, mở hay trói?"
2070:Queensland, The State of.
2046:www.fairtrading.nsw.gov.au
1447:Private Military Companies
620:
616:
599:
101:
47:
36:
29:
2457:. Government of Alberta.
2133:. Sia.homeoffice.gov.uk.
2106:Private Investigations UK
554:
415:law enforcement authority
2604:"Dịch vụ thám tử hà nội"
1437:Investigative journalism
1004:The Kindaichi Case Files
419:law enforcement officers
298:There are also cases of
215:. Allan Pinkerton hired
82:and informally called a
50:Private Detective (film)
2102:"Private Investigators"
1958:"Private investigators"
1622:U.S. ex rel. Weinberger
689:Charles Frederick Field
380:Undercover investigator
277:insurance investigators
159:Charles Frederick Field
157:In the United Kingdom,
30:For the TV series, see
2779:Criminal investigation
2705:Erickson, Hal (2005).
2509:Báo điện tử Tiền Phong
2455:"Private Investigator"
1432:Insurance investigator
916:Colonel Niladri Sarkar
822:Ezekiel "Easy" Rawlins
745:Eugène François Vidocq
740:Josiah "Tink" Thompson
514:Colorado Supreme Court
411:surveillance equipment
366:copyright infringement
190:In the United States,
187:
116:Eugène François Vidocq
111:
78:(often abbreviated to
71:
60:
2774:Private investigators
2430:"Apply for a Licence"
1467:Palantir Technologies
1202:Basil of Baker Street
1082:Nick and Nora Charles
965:Mma Precious Ramotswe
492:, West Virginia, and
446:
441:Queensland Government
358:intellectual property
206:then President-elect
185:
171:Ignatius Paul Pollaky
128:unlawful imprisonment
109:
66:
58:
41:. For the album, see
76:private investigator
2019:. Lyons Law Group.
1225:Three Investigators
1207:The Bloodhound Gang
1051:Film and television
940:Marcus Didius Falco
921:Goenda Baradacharan
374:antisocial behavior
163:Metropolitan Police
2674:Sutherland, John.
1579:2021-08-16 at the
1557:2021-08-22 at the
1509:2008-03-15 at the
1378:Sonic the Hedgehog
1252:BioShock: Infinite
1231:Encyclopedia Brown
1195:Children's fiction
669:P. Balasubramaniam
641:Arthur Conan Doyle
370:computer forensics
275:cases. Others are
269:capital punishment
229:Anti-Pinkerton Act
213:United States Army
188:
112:
72:
61:
18:Private detectives
2347:Colorado Politics
1382:
1370:
1361:Douglas Cartland
1358:
1346:
1324:
1312:
1298:
1284:
1270:
1256:
1168:Simon & Simon
730:Anthony Pellicano
585:private detective
522:John Hickenlooper
88:private detective
16:(Redirected from
2791:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2742:
2733:. 12 July 2019.
2727:
2721:
2720:
2702:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2682:. Archived from
2671:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2636:
2621:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2611:
2600:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2590:
2579:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2569:
2554:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2544:
2534:
2526:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2516:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2491:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2466:
2451:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2441:
2426:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2416:
2397:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2358:
2338:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2328:
2309:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2299:
2280:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2270:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2232:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2192:
2177:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2167:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2142:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2117:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2087:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2057:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2028:
2013:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2003:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1944:
1924:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1914:
1895:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1866:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1856:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1827:
1808:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1798:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1769:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1740:
1734:
1727:
1719:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1709:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1684:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1644:. Archived from
1642:(Aug. 18, 2006)"
1618:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1608:
1593:
1587:
1571:
1565:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1531:
1514:
1501:
1404:
1399:
1398:
1374:
1362:
1350:
1340:
1316:
1304:
1290:
1276:
1262:
1248:
1178:Hetty Wainthropp
1108:Mike Ehrmantraut
852:V. I. Warshawski
797:Mike Ehrmantraut
694:Dashiell Hammett
684:David Fechheimer
633:C. Auguste Dupin
401:Around the world
330:Responsibilities
281:no-fault divorce
273:criminal defense
194:established the
122:, criminal, and
21:
2799:
2798:
2794:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2789:
2788:
2764:
2763:
2755:
2750:
2749:
2740:
2738:
2729:
2728:
2724:
2717:
2703:
2699:
2689:
2687:
2686:on 28 June 2017
2680:British Library
2672:
2668:
2659:
2657:
2656:(in Vietnamese)
2648:
2647:
2643:
2634:
2632:
2629:TUOI TRE ONLINE
2623:
2622:
2618:
2609:
2607:
2602:
2601:
2597:
2588:
2586:
2585:(in Vietnamese)
2581:
2580:
2576:
2567:
2565:
2564:(in Vietnamese)
2556:
2555:
2551:
2542:
2540:
2539:(in Vietnamese)
2532:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2514:
2512:
2503:
2502:
2498:
2489:
2487:
2486:(in Vietnamese)
2478:
2477:
2473:
2464:
2462:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2439:
2437:
2428:
2427:
2423:
2414:
2412:
2399:
2398:
2394:
2385:
2383:
2370:
2369:
2365:
2356:
2354:
2339:
2335:
2326:
2324:
2311:
2310:
2306:
2297:
2295:
2282:
2281:
2277:
2268:
2266:
2251:
2247:
2233:
2229:
2219:
2217:
2204:
2203:
2199:
2190:
2188:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2165:
2163:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2140:
2138:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2115:
2113:
2100:Eastham, John.
2098:
2094:
2085:
2083:
2068:
2064:
2055:
2053:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2026:
2024:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2001:
1999:
1984:
1980:
1971:
1969:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1942:
1940:
1925:
1921:
1912:
1910:
1897:
1896:
1892:
1883:
1881:
1868:
1867:
1863:
1854:
1852:
1839:
1838:
1834:
1825:
1823:
1810:
1809:
1805:
1796:
1794:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1767:
1765:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1738:
1736:
1732:
1725:
1721:
1720:
1716:
1707:
1705:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1682:
1680:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1651:
1649:
1636:
1619:
1615:
1606:
1604:
1595:
1594:
1590:
1581:Wayback Machine
1572:
1568:
1559:Wayback Machine
1550:
1546:
1533:
1532:
1517:
1511:Wayback Machine
1502:
1498:
1493:
1425:Store detective
1420:Hotel detective
1400:
1393:
1390:
1385:
1339:Henry Stickmin
1328:Takayuki Yagami
1241:
1236:
1197:
1192:
1053:
1048:
1009:Detective Conan
989:
984:
970:Cormoran Strike
950:Sherlock Holmes
930:
925:
881:Byomkesh Bakshi
871:
866:
817:Kinsey Millhone
782:Richard Diamond
772:
764:
759:
735:Allan Pinkerton
710:James McParland
654:
649:
637:Sherlock Holmes
629:Edgar Allan Poe
625:
619:
602:
557:
465:
449:
432:
403:
397:investigation.
382:
336:process serving
332:
261:
208:Abraham Lincoln
192:Allan Pinkerton
167:Charles Dickens
152:anthropometrics
104:
68:Sherlock Holmes
53:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2797:
2787:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2762:
2761:
2754:
2753:External links
2751:
2748:
2747:
2722:
2716:978-1476665993
2715:
2697:
2666:
2641:
2616:
2595:
2574:
2562:Báo Giao thông
2549:
2521:
2496:
2484:dangcongsan.vn
2471:
2446:
2421:
2392:
2363:
2333:
2304:
2275:
2245:
2227:
2210:pursuitmag.com
2197:
2172:
2147:
2122:
2092:
2076:www.qld.gov.au
2062:
2033:
2008:
1978:
1949:
1919:
1890:
1861:
1847:. 2021-06-15.
1832:
1818:. 2013-07-29.
1803:
1774:
1760:. 2013-07-31.
1745:
1714:
1689:
1658:
1613:
1599:. Pimall.com.
1588:
1566:
1544:
1515:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1482:
1481:
1480:
1478:Company police
1473:Private police
1470:
1456:
1451:
1450:
1449:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1422:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1383:
1371:
1359:
1347:
1337:
1325:
1315:Paul Prospero
1313:
1302:Nick Valentine
1299:
1294:Gabriel Knight
1288:Gabriel Knight
1285:
1271:
1257:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1234:
1228:
1222:
1219:The Hardy Boys
1216:
1210:
1204:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1190:
1188:Michael Westen
1185:
1180:
1175:
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1155:
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1140:
1135:
1130:
1128:Sherlock Hound
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1099:
1094:
1091:Rescue Rangers
1084:
1079:
1077:Richard Castle
1074:
1069:
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1054:
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988:
985:
983:
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977:
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962:
960:Hercule Poirot
957:
952:
947:
945:Erast Fandorin
942:
937:
931:
929:
926:
924:
923:
918:
913:
908:
906:Bhaduri Moshai
903:
898:
893:
888:
886:Parashor Barma
883:
878:
872:
870:
869:Indian Bengali
867:
865:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
812:Philip Marlowe
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
773:
771:
768:
763:
760:
758:
757:
755:David P. Weber
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
720:Jack Palladino
717:
712:
707:
702:
700:Paul Henderson
697:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
664:Edwin Atherton
661:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
621:Main article:
618:
615:
601:
598:
556:
553:
510:El Paso County
464:
461:
448:
445:
431:
428:
402:
399:
390:hidden cameras
381:
378:
364:, antipiracy,
331:
328:
260:
257:
225:Homestead Riot
103:
100:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2796:
2785:
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2708:
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2677:
2670:
2655:
2651:
2645:
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2599:
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2559:
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2500:
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2435:
2431:
2425:
2410:
2406:
2405:www.fdacs.gov
2402:
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2240:
2231:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2201:
2186:
2182:
2176:
2161:
2157:
2156:"Top Stories"
2151:
2136:
2132:
2126:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2096:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2066:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2037:
2022:
2018:
2012:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1982:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1953:
1938:
1935:(in Hebrew).
1934:
1930:
1923:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1894:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1865:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1836:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1807:
1792:
1789:(in Hebrew).
1788:
1784:
1778:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1749:
1731:
1724:
1718:
1703:
1699:
1693:
1678:
1674:
1673:
1668:
1662:
1648:on 2016-03-04
1647:
1643:
1641:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1617:
1602:
1598:
1592:
1585:
1582:
1578:
1575:
1570:
1563:
1560:
1556:
1553:
1548:
1540:
1536:
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1520:
1512:
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1505:
1500:
1496:
1486:
1483:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1464:
1461: : i.e.
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1410:Bounty hunter
1408:
1407:
1403:
1397:
1392:
1380:
1379:
1372:
1368:
1367:
1366:Silent Hill 3
1360:
1356:
1355:
1349:Scott Shelby
1348:
1344:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1329:
1326:
1322:
1321:
1314:
1310:
1309:
1303:
1300:
1296:
1295:
1289:
1286:
1282:
1281:
1280:Sam & Max
1275:
1274:Sam & Max
1272:
1268:
1267:
1261:
1258:
1254:
1253:
1247:
1246:Booker DeWitt
1244:
1243:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
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1200:
1199:
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1179:
1176:
1174:
1173:Shawn Spencer
1171:
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1156:
1154:
1153:Veronica Mars
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1138:Thomas Magnum
1136:
1134:
1133:Jessica Jones
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1113:Phryne Fisher
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:(Perry Mason)
1103:
1100:
1098:
1097:Frankie Drake
1095:
1092:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1045:
1044:Eddie Valiant
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1029:Sam & Max
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1014:Jessica Jones
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
999:Tracer Bullet
997:
995:
992:
991:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
935:Auguste Dupin
933:
932:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
896:Jayanta-Manik
894:
892:
889:
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884:
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879:
877:
874:
873:
863:
862:Doc Sportello
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
827:Sunny Randall
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
792:Harry Dresden
790:
788:
787:Johnny Dollar
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
774:
767:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
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733:
731:
728:
726:
725:Rajani Pandit
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
705:Justin Hopson
703:
701:
698:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
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672:
670:
667:
665:
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660:
657:
656:
644:
642:
639:, created by
638:
634:
630:
624:
614:
612:
606:
597:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
571:. As per the
570:
566:
562:
552:
550:
549:a federal law
545:
542:
538:
536:
532:
526:
523:
520:
515:
511:
507:
502:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
463:United States
460:
456:
454:
444:
442:
436:
427:
425:
420:
416:
412:
408:
398:
394:
391:
386:
377:
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371:
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363:
362:trade secrets
359:
355:
350:
348:
343:
341:
337:
327:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
296:
294:
293:Ponzi schemes
289:
288:due diligence
284:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
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1093:iterations.
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535:Jared Polis
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2660:2024-09-08
2635:2024-09-08
2610:2024-09-08
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2191:2021-01-30
2166:2015-07-27
2141:2015-07-27
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2086:2018-11-27
2056:2023-04-09
2027:2023-09-18
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1992:Novel Data
1972:2019-09-13
1943:2022-10-11
1913:2022-10-11
1884:2022-10-11
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1826:2022-10-11
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