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715:, and Helena was given away by her mother, who escorted her up the aisle with the Prince of Wales and eight bridesmaids. Christian looked older than he was, and one guest commented that Helena looked as if she was marrying an aged uncle. Indeed, when he was first summoned to Britain, he assumed that the widowed Queen was inspecting him as a new husband for herself rather than as a candidate for one of her daughters. The couple spent the first night of their married life at
1362:, who considered her his favourite sister. Though described by contemporaries as fearfully devoted to the Queen Victoria, to the point that she did not have a mind of her own, she actively campaigned for women's rights, a field the queen abhorred. Nevertheless, both she and Beatrice remained closest to the queen, and Helena remained close to her mother's side until the latter's death. Her name was the last to be written in the queen's seventy-year-old journal.
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1070:, who after further negotiations with Bergsträsser, printed the first copies in mid-1884. It sold out almost immediately; but for the second edition, Murray replaced Sell's biographical sketch of Princess Alice with the 53-page memoir written by Helena. The problem of royalties to Sell was thus avoided, and that Helena gave her name to the memoir to her sister attracted greater interest in the book.
980:. In Helena's words, the objective of the school was: "first, to revive a beautiful art which had been well-nigh lost; and secondly, through its revival, to provide employment for gentlewomen who were without means of a suitable livelihood." As with her other organisations, she was an active president, and worked to keep the school on an even level with other schools. She personally wrote to
1058:, a favoured royal biographer, informing him that Bergsträsser was claiming copyright of Alice's letters, and on that basis was demanding a delay in the publication of the English edition. Martin acted as an intermediary between Helena and Bergsträsser, who claimed to have received many offers from English publishers, and that the chosen one would expect a high
988:. Her royal status helped its promotion, and she held Thursday afternoon tea parties at the school for society ladies, who wanted to be seen in the presence of royal personages such as Princess Helena. When the Christmas Bazaar was held, she acted as chief saleswoman, generating long queues of people anxious to be served personally by her.
995:. She presided over two of these dinners, in February and March 1886, and over 3,000 meals were served to children and unemployed men during the harsh winter that year. Through her charitable activities, she became popular with the people; a contemporary author, C. W. Cooper, wrote that "the poor of Windsor worshipped her".
664:) as either a cousin or brother-in-law. The Queen never forgave the Princess of Wales for accusations of possessiveness, and wrote of the Waleses shortly afterwards: "Bertie is most affectionate and kind but Alix is by no means what she ought to be. It will be long, if ever, before she regains my confidence."
1066:
considered
Bergsträsser's claims "unjustified if not impertinent", and would not communicate with him directly. Eventually, Bergsträsser came to Britain in January 1884, willing to accept £100 for the first 3,000 copies and a further £40 for each subsequent thousand copies sold. Martin chose the publisher
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called Carl Sell, who chose a selection of her letters made available to him by the Queen. When it was done, Helena wrote to Sell and requested permission to publish an
English translation of the German text. It was granted, but without the knowledge of the publisher Dr Bergsträsser. In December 1883
822:
Helena, as promised, lived close to the Queen, and both she and
Beatrice performed duties for her. Beatrice, whom Victoria had groomed for the main role at her side, carried out the more important duties, and Helena took on the more minor matters that Beatrice did not have time to do. In later years,
514:
in 1862, after which Helena assumed the role—described as the "crutch" of her mother's old age by one biographer—at her mother's side. In this role, she carried out minor secretarial tasks, such as writing the queen's letters, helping her with political correspondence, and providing her with company.
1126:
Helena saw relatively little of her surviving siblings, and continued her role as a support to the monarchy and a campaigner for the many charities she represented. She and
Christian led a quiet life, but did carry out a few royal engagements. On one such occasion, the elderly couple represented the
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Bergsträsser was persuaded to drop his demand for a delay in publishing, and modify his copyright claims in return for a lump sum. However, the Queen and Helena refused, claiming that the copyright belonged to the Queen, and that only Sell's original preface was open to negotiation. The royal ladies
1264:, fought on the side of the Prussians, though he made it clear that he would not fight against his mother's country. In the same year, on 28 October, Prince Christian died at Schomberg House. Helena's last years were spent arguing with Commissioners, who tried to turn her out of Schomberg House and
896:
of those devoted and self-sacrificing women whose whole lives have been devoted to tending the sick, the suffering, and the dying". In the same speech, she warned about opposition and misrepresentation they had encountered. Although the RBNA was in favour of registration as a means of enhancing and
838:
encouraged by an indulgent husband. Queen
Victoria wrote to her daughter the Crown Princess of Prussia, complaining that Helena was inclined to "coddle herself (and Christian too) and to give way in everything that the great object of her doctors and nurse is to rouse her and make her think less of
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Following Ruland's departure in 1863, the Queen looked for a husband for Helena. However, as a middle child, the prospect of a powerful alliance with a
European royal house was low. Her appearance was also a concern, as by the age of fifteen she was described by her biographer as chunky, dowdy and
1322:
very lovely, with wavy brown hair, a beautiful little straight nose, and lovely amber-coloured eyes ... She was very talented: played the piano exquisitively, had a distinct gift for drawing and painting in water-colours ... Her outstanding gift was loyalty to her friends ... She was brilliantly
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composed a prayer hoping for its prompt end. Helena arrived at the church, examined her service sheet, and in a voice described by her daughter as "the penetrating royal family whisper, which carried farther than any megaphone", remarked: "That prayer won't settle any strike." Her appearance and
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difficult and not always pleasant." However, in accordance with rank, Helena agreed to resign in
Alexandra's favour, and she retained presidency of the Army Nursing Reserve. Though thought to be merely an artefact created by society ladies, Helena exercised an efficient and autocratic regime—"if
509:
as an unofficial secretary, but Alice needed an assistant of her own. Though Helena was the next eldest, she was considered unreliable by
Victoria because of her inability to go long without bursting into tears. Therefore, Louise was selected to assume the role in her place. Alice was married to
655:
Despite the political controversies and their age difference—he was fifteen years her senior—Helena was happy with
Christian and was determined to marry him. As a younger son of a non-reigning duke, the absence of any foreign commitments allowed him to remain permanently in Britain—the Queen's
944:(RCN), and the RBNA lost membership and dominance. Helena supported the proposed amalgamation of the RBNA with the new RCN, but that proved unsuccessful when the RBNA pulled out of the negotiations. However, she remained active in other nursing organisations, and was president of the
1276:
Princess Helena died at
Schomberg House on 9 June 1923 at the age of 77. Her funeral, described as a "magnificently stage-managed scene" by her biographer Seweryn Chomet, was headed by King George V. The regiment of her favourite son, Prince Christian Victor, lined the steps of
563:, and was described by the Queen as "useful and able". When the Queen discovered that Helena had grown romantically attached to a royal servant, he was promptly dismissed back to his native Germany, and he never lost the Queen's hostility.
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407:, that Helena "came into this world quite blue, but she is quite well now". He added that the queen "suffered longer and more than the other times and she will have to remain very quiet to recover." Albert and Victoria chose the names
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was written, the author, Sir Charles Grey, notes that the Prince's letters were translated (from German to English) by Helena "with surprising fidelity". Other translations followed, and in 1887 she published a translation of
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The engagement was declared on 5 December 1865, and despite the Prince of Wales's initial refusal to attend, Princess Alice intervened, and the wedding was a happy occasion. The Queen allowed the ceremony to take place at
312:. The intimate atmosphere of the royal court came to an end on 14 December 1861, when her father died and her mother entered a period of intense mourning. Afterwards, in the early 1860s, Helena began a flirtation with
4702:
1298:. Her royal status helped to promote the publicity and society interest that surrounded organisations such as the Royal British Nurses' Association. The RBNA still survives today with Aubrey Rose as president.
1237:, did her a service when he turned her out. When Marie Louise said she would have run away to Britain if she was still married, the King said, "with a twinkle in his eye", that he would have had to intern her.
320:. Although the nature of the relationship is largely unknown, Helena's romantic letters to Ruland survive. After her mother discovered the flirtations, in 1863, she dismissed Ruland, who returned to his native
1293:
Helena was devoted to nursing, and took the lead at the charitable organisations she represented. She was also an active campaigner, and wrote letters to newspapers and magazines promoting the interests of
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bitter ... I adored Papa, I loved him more than anything on earth, his word was a most sacred law, and he was my help and adviser ... These hours were the happiest of my life, and now it is all, all over."
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of ÂŁ30,000 was settled upon, and the Queen gave the couple ÂŁ100,000, which yielded an income of about ÂŁ4,000 a year. As well as that of Ranger of Windsor Park, Christian was given the honorary position of
1025:
that Helena wrote an English version that was thoroughly alive, with a sound dictionary translation and a high accuracy in spirit. Her final translation was undertaken in 1882, on a German booklet called
339:
Helena was the most active member of the royal family, carrying out an extensive programme of royal engagements. She was also an active patron of charities, and was one of the founding members of the
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for members of the British royal family. Where a princess may have been or is descended from George I more than once, her most senior descent, by which she bore or bears her title, is used.
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Prince and Princess Christian had six children, four of whom lived to adulthood. They had one grandchild, Valerie Marie zu Schleswig-Holstein, who died in 1953 as their final descendant.
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double-chinned. Furthermore, Victoria insisted that Helena's future husband had to be prepared to live near the Queen, thus keeping her daughter nearby. Her choice eventually fell on
1318:
personality was criticised in the letters and journals of Queen Victoria, and biographers followed her example. However, Helena's daughter, Princess Marie Louise, described her as:
644:, who openly accused her mother of sacrificing Helena's happiness for the Queen's convenience. Alice also argued that it would reduce the already low popularity of her sister, the
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Helena was a lively and outspoken child, and reacted against brotherly teasing by punching the bully on the nose. Her early talents included drawing. Lady Augusta Stanley, a
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founded the Gentlewomen's Employment Association in Manchester; one of the projects which came out of this group was the Princess Christian Training College for Nurses, in
660:. Relations between Helena and Alexandra remained strained, and Alexandra was unprepared to accept Christian (who was also a third cousin to Alexandra in descent from King
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880:. She subsequently became President of the British Nurses' Association (RBNA) upon its foundation in 1887. In 1891, it received the prefix "Royal", and received a
1873:
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Helena's father, Prince Albert, died on 14 December 1861. The queen was devastated, and ordered her household, along with her daughters, to move from Windsor to
652:. However, and unexpectedly, the Crown Princess, who had been a personal friend of Christian's family for many years, ardently supported the proposed alliance.
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Helena and Christian were devoted to each other, and led a quiet life in comparison to Helena's sisters. Following their marriage, they took up residence at
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in 1870 and 1872, respectively. Their last two sons died early; Harald died eight days after his birth in 1876, and an unnamed son was stillborn in 1877.
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as plump and dowdy; and in temperament, as placid, and business-like, with an authoritarian spirit. On one occasion, during a National Dock Strike, the
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residence. Helena's grief was also profound, and she wrote to a friend a month later: "What we have lost nothing can ever replace, and our grief is
328:. The couple remained in Britain, in calling distance of the queen, who liked to have her daughters nearby. Helena, along with her youngest sister,
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916:, insisted on replacing Helena as President of the Army Nursing Service. This gave rise to a further breach between the royal ladies, with King
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because of the expense of running her households. They failed, as clear evidence of her right to live in those residences for life was shown.
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herself and of her confinement". Not all of her health scares were simply the result of hypochondria; in 1869, she had to cancel her trip to
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and leading public figures. In a speech Helena made in 1893, she made clear that the RBNA was working towards "improving the education and
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Helena was assisted by her unmarried daughter, Helena Victoria, to whom the Queen dictated her journal in the last months of her life.
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419:, the name by which members of the royal family invariably referred to Helena. As the daughter of the sovereign, Helena was styled
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1351:. Her determination to carry out a wide range of public duties won her widespread popularity. She twice represented her mother at
851:, which announced that her illness caused "much anxiety to members of the royal family". In 1873, she was forced to recuperate in
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and problems with her joints. In July 1871, she suffered from congestion in her lungs, an illness severe enough to appear in the
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were present when the telegram was received, and the King remarked to Helena's daughter, Marie Louise, that her former husband,
1193:, he went against Prussian tradition by asking Helena, not his mother, to assign a nurse for his son, causing a family scandal.
1123:. Moreover, Alexandra never fully reconciled herself to Helena and Christian following their marriage controversy in the 1860s.
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primary concern—and she declared the marriage would go ahead. Helena and Christian were actually third cousins in descent from
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refused to meet her, partly because he was bitter that South Africa had lost the war and partly because his son had died in a
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2933:: Volumes 29 and 30, St James Westminster, Part 1, ed. F. H. W. Sheppard (London, 1960), pp. 418–419. British History Online
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The Christians were granted a parliamentary annuity of ÂŁ6,000 a year, which the Queen requested in person. In addition, a
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dress with a white mourning cap which draped over her back. The main participants filed into the chapel to the sound of
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In 1917, in response to the wave of anti-German feeling that surrounded the war, George V changed the family name from
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759:, the honorary position bestowed on Christian by the Queen. When staying in London, they lived at the Belgian Suite in
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requesting money; for example, in 1895, she requested and acquired ÂŁ30,000 for erecting a building for the school in
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from birth. Helena was baptised on 25 July 1846 at the private chapel at Buckingham Palace. Her godparents were the
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were at war, the Kaiser sent a congratulatory telegram to his aunt and uncle through the Crown Princess of Sweden.
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960:. In this position, she personally signed and presented many thousands of certificates of proficiency in nursing.
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Helena was anxious to help children and the unemployed, and began hosting free dinners for their benefit at the
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1281:. Although originally interred in the Royal Vault at St George's on 15 June 1923, her body was reburied at the
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anyone ventures to disagree with Her Royal Highness she has simply said, 'It is my wish, that is sufficient.'"
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465:, two of her favourite childhood occupations. However, Helena became a middle daughter following the birth of
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1119:) recorded that Queen Alexandra was jealous of the royal family, and would not invite her sisters-in-law to
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Princess Helena and Prince Christian, part of a series of photographs following their engagement in 1865
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Like her sisters, she could play the piano to a high standard at an early age. Other interests included
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1256:. He also disposed of his family's German titles and styles, so Helena and her daughters simply became
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Princesses whose titles were removed and eligible people who do not use the title are shown in italics
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was neutral during the war. It was during the war that Helena and Christian celebrated their golden
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636:, who exclaimed: "The Duchies belong to Papa." Alexandra found support in her husband, his brother
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Helena had a firm interest in nursing, and was the founding chair of the Ladies' Committee of the
579:; however, the match was politically awkward, and caused a severe breach within the royal family.
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308:. Her childhood was spent with her parents, travelling between a variety of royal residences in
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in 1870, playing an active role in recruiting nurses and organising relief supplies during the
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Helena was educated by private tutors chosen by her father and his close friend and adviser,
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Princess Helena's grave at Frogmore (second from left) in the Schleswig-Holstein burial plot
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399:, on 25 May 1846, the day after her mother's 27th birthday. Albert reported to his brother,
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began four years after his death. Helena devoted her time to nursing, and her daughter,
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3603:, Oxford University Press, Sept 2004; online ed., Jan 2008, accessed 22 February 2008.
3280:[Portuguese Honours awarded to Princes of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha].
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A copyright issue arose after the publication of letters written by Helena's sister,
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guaranteeing the professional status of trained nurses, its incorporation with the
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when she became ill at the railway station. In 1870, she was suffering from severe
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His mother's favourite son; died unmarried and without issue while serving in the
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in 1859. He was trusted enough to teach German to Helena's brother, the young
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Princess Helena began an early flirtation with her father's former librarian,
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In 1858, Helena and the three younger of her sisters were granted use of the
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in 1921; had one illegitimate daughter, Valerie Marie zu Schleswig-Holstein
1107:, did not have close ties with his surviving sisters, with the exception of
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as a result of illness, and in the 1880s she travelled to Germany to see an
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on 22 January 1901, Helena saw relatively little of her surviving siblings.
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in 1848, and her abilities were overshadowed by her more artistic sisters.
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to the queen, commented favourably on the three-year-old Helena's artwork.
940:
passed the bill allowing formal nurse registration. What resulted was the
363:. In 1916 she became the first member of her family to celebrate her 50th
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The Last Princess: The Devoted Life of Queen Victoria's Youngest Daughter
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of London, founded by Lind's husband (and Helena's former piano teacher)
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Never married. One of her last public appearances was at the wedding of
1046:. In Germany, an edition of Alice's letters was published in 1883, by a
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1285:, a few miles from Windsor, after its consecration on 23 October 1928.
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Princess Christian, Princess Helena Victoria and Princess Marie Louise
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In 1902, Prince and Princess Christian moved to Schomberg House, 77–78
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allowed it to maintain a list rather than a formal register of nurses.
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http://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vols29-30/pt1/pp418-419
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caught in the middle between his sister and his wife. Lady Roberts, a
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2929:"Pall Mall, South Side, Existing Buildings: Nos 77–78 Pall Mall", in
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Florence Nightingale, against whom Helena promoted nurse registration
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324:. Three years later, on 5 July 1866, Helena married the impoverished
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3278:"Agraciamentos Portugueses Aos PrĂncipes da Casa Saxe-Coburgo-Gota"
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Helena's health was not robust, and she was addicted to the drugs
699:, creating a spectacle only marred by the abrupt disappearance of
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Princess Teresa Cristina, Baroness Taxis of Bordogna and Valnigra
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attack. Christian filed into the chapel with his two supporters,
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1034:'s brother-in-law. It was republished several times until 1906.
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Dorothea, Duchess of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg
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in 1872; in 1876, it acquired the "royal" prefix, becoming the
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Huberty, M., Giraud, A., Magdelaine, F. & B. (1976–1994).
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Following the death of Queen Victoria in 1901, the new queen,
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defeated Denmark, but the duchies were claimed by Austria for
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Princess Helena, a few months before the death of her father,
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Lines of Succession: Heraldry of the Royal Families of Europe
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The Princess Helena, Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein
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3183:"UK Parliament Hansard: The Death Of Hrh Princess Christian"
3007:. St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle. 2008. Archived from
1185:, she was one of the few maternal relatives that her nephew
355:. As president of the latter, she was a strong supporter of
289:(Helena Augusta Victoria; 25 May 1846 – 9 June 1923), later
4059:
Alexandra, Princess Arthur of Connaught and Duchess of Fife
1327:
Music was one of her passions; in her youth she played the
704:
461:, shared by her father Prince Albert, and horse riding and
1095:, died in 1900, followed three months later by her mother
972:, and became the first president of the newly established
332:, became the queen's unofficial secretary. However, after
3621:
Princess Louise: Queen Victoria's Unconventional Daughter
2769:. Royal British Nurses' Association. 2008. Archived from
1260:
with no territorial designation. Helena's surviving son,
4322:
Louise, Princess Philipp of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha-Koháry
16:
British princess, daughter of Queen Victoria (1846–1923)
4346:
Joséphine Caroline, Princess Karl Anton of Hohenzollern
1007:. In 1867, when the first biography of her father, the
1003:
Among Helena's other interests was writing, especially
936:; after six failed attempts between 1904 and 1918, the
683:, albeit in the Private Chapel rather than the grander
4669:
princess of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg
1533:
4877:
Dames Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire
4677:
princess of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-GlĂĽcksburg
783:, Helena's sister, commissioned the French sculptor
383:. Helena was Alfred's favourite sister. Portrait by
4079:
Princess Caroline Mathilde of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
3884:
Charlotte, Princess Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
3033:. Royal British Nurses' Association. Archived from
2946:Queen Victoria's Family, A Century of Photographs,
1365:
932:The RBNA gradually went into decline following the
818:
Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein, her husband
3848:Princess Mary, Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh
3833:Charlotte, Princess Royal and Queen of WĂĽrttemberg
3672:Portraits of Princess Helena of the United Kingdom
1703:Ancestors of Princess Helena of the United Kingdom
884:the following year. She was a strong supporter of
3544:(Weidenfeld & Nicolson, Second Edition 1987)
3397:
3395:
743:Princess Helena in her wedding dress, 5 July 1866
4887:Ladies of the Royal Order of Victoria and Albert
4818:
4030:Alexandra, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
3946:Princess Frederica, Baroness von Pawel-Rammingen
3930:Helena, Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein
3412:Burke's Royal Families of the World, 1st edition
3314:(in German), vol. 1, Berlin, 1886, p.
1906:Duchess Louise Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
1523:. On Helena's arms, the outer points bore roses
625:was still claimed by Prince Christian's family.
4857:House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (United Kingdom)
4434:Nadezhda, Duchess Albrecht Eugen of WĂĽrttemberg
4294:Helena, Princess Christian of Scheswig-Holstein
3656:"Archival material relating to Princess Helena"
1221:in 1916, and despite the fact that Britain and
1082:Princess Helena of the United Kingdom, ca. 1910
787:to sculpt a memorial to Helena's dead infants.
505:The queen relied on her second eldest daughter
4514:Princess Mafalda Cecilia, Mrs Marc Abousleiman
4113:Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy
3899:Augusta, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
3392:
3005:"Royal Burials at St George's Chapel, Windsor"
1323:clever, had a wonderful head for business. ...
431:(the husband of Queen Victoria's cousin); the
21:Princess Helena Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein
4872:Companions of the Order of the Crown of India
4703:
4564:
4457:Mary, Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood
4317:Amalie, Duchess Maximilian Emanuel in Bavaria
4282:Victoria, German Empress and Queen of Prussia
4214:
4054:Mary, Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood
3817:Caroline Matilda, Queen of Denmark and Norway
3701:
3436:
3269:
2459:
2457:
924:, wrote to a friend: "matters were sometimes
687:on 5 July 1866. The Queen relieved her black
429:Hereditary Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
4897:Burials at the Royal Burial Ground, Frogmore
4312:Clotilde, Archduchess Joseph Karl of Austria
4230:Princesses of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha by birth
4145:Princess Beatrice, Mrs Edoardo Mapelli Mozzi
3146:"The London Gazette, Issue 22718, Page 1565"
2811:
2809:
2790:
2788:
2743:
2741:
2722:
2720:
2710:
2708:
2698:
2696:
293:, was the third daughter and fifth child of
4534:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
4393:Alexandra, Princess of Hohenlohe-Langenburg
4387:Grand Duchess Victoria Feodorovna of Russia
3995:Alexandra, Princess of Hohenlohe-Langenburg
3990:Grand Duchess Victoria Feodorovna of Russia
3920:Victoria, Princess Royal and German Empress
3766:Anne, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange
3556:Princess Marie Louise of Schleswig-Holstein
3475:(Constable & Company Ltd, London, 1969)
3410:Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh (ed.) (1977).
2868:
2866:
1660:; no issue; marriage was dissolved in 1900
968:Helena was also active in the promotion of
805:Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851
4790:Princess Dorothea of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
4720:Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg
4710:
4696:
4621:Princess Dorothea of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
4571:
4557:
4363:Louise, Princess Royal and Duchess of Fife
4288:Alice, Grand Duchess of Hesse and by Rhine
4221:
4207:
4023:Marie Louise, Princess Maximilian of Baden
3970:Louise, Princess Royal and Duchess of Fife
3925:Alice, Grand Duchess of Hesse and by Rhine
3708:
3694:
3678:
3664:
3562:(Second edition, Penguin, Middlesex, 1959)
3327:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3225:– via National Library of Australia.
2454:
2254:
2252:
1996:Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn
43:
4767:Princess Adelheid of Hohenlohe-Langenburg
4751:Countess Louise Sophie Danneskiold-Samsøe
4598:Princess Adelheid of Hohenlohe-Langenburg
4463:Princess Sibylla, Duchess of Västerbotten
4072:Princess Sibylla, Duchess of Västerbotten
2907:
2905:
2806:
2785:
2738:
2717:
2705:
2693:
2314:
2117:Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
1480:Dame of the Order of Louise, 1st Division
1189:was close to. When he welcomed his first
667:
589:were two territories fought over between
472:
379:Princess Helena (right) with her brother
19:For her daughter with the same name, see
3527:(Genealogical Publishing Company, 1987)
3275:
3265:(Supplement). 4 June 1917. p. 6685.
3255:
3235:
3161:
3097:
2863:
2544:
2287:
2267:
1239:
1077:
903:
813:
738:
628:The marriage, therefore, horrified King
565:
527:
492:
374:
291:Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein
37:Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein
4638:Princess Marie Alix of Schaumburg-Lippe
4369:Princess Victoria of the United Kingdom
3904:Princess Mary Adelaide, Duchess of Teck
3843:Elizabeth, Landgravine of Hesse-Homburg
3729:, who formalised the use of the titles
3601:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
3085:The Bach Choir: The First Hundred Years
2324:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2310:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2249:
1874:Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
1754:Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
1468:Dame of the Order of Queen Saint Isabel
1309:In appearance, Helena was described by
1143:, Helena visited the grave of her son,
1073:
811:, and embarking on hunting excursions.
349:Workhouse Infirmary Nursing Association
147:
4819:
4399:Princess Beatrice, Duchess of Galliera
4340:Princess Henriette, Duchess of VendĂ´me
4306:Beatrice, Princess Henry of Battenberg
4108:Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon
4000:Princess Beatrice, Duchess of Galliera
3940:Beatrice, Princess Henry of Battenberg
3725:The generations indicate descent from
3715:
3583:(Sutton Publishing, Gloucester, 2006)
3569:(St Martin's Griffin, New York, 1998)
3157:
3155:
2923:
2902:
2069:
1949:
1945:
1935:
1848:Augustus, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
1827:
1812:Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
1717:
1713:
1441:Dame Grand Cross of the British Empire
1037:
577:Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein
499:Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
326:Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein
257:Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
128:Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein
4773:Princess Helena of the United Kingdom
4691:
4604:Princess Helena of the United Kingdom
4552:
4260:Princess Victoria, Duchess of Nemours
4202:
4150:Princess Eugenie, Mrs Jack Brooksbank
3689:
3448:. London: Little, Brown. p. 34.
2146:
2136:
2132:
2120:
2114:
2104:
2090:Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
2087:
2077:
2073:
2057:
2051:
2041:
2025:
2015:
2011:
1999:
1993:
1983:
1967:
1957:
1953:
1932:Princess Helena of the United Kingdom
1929:
1919:
1903:
1893:
1889:
1877:
1871:
1861:
1845:
1835:
1831:
1815:
1809:
1799:
1783:
1773:
1769:
1757:
1751:
1741:
1728:Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
1725:
1721:
1429:Royal Family Order of King Edward VII
1279:St. George's Chapel at Windsor Castle
411:. The German nickname for Helena was
4328:Stéphanie, Crown Princess of Austria
3335:
2301:
1370:
888:, an issue that was opposed by both
343:. She was founding president of the
4501:Princess Kalina, Countess of Murany
4417:Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone
4065:Maud Carnegie, Countess of Southesk
4017:Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone
3786:Louise, Queen of Denmark and Norway
3343:"Königlich Preussische Ordensliste"
3245:. 4 January 1878. pp. 113–114.
3152:
2149:Countess Augusta of Reuss-Ebersdorf
1786:Countess Augusta of Reuss-Ebersdorf
1435:Royal Family Order of King George V
1358:Helena was closest to her brother,
1174:, half of which is now part of the
1086:
755:, the traditional residence of the
551:, following his appointment to the
143:
13:
4892:Dames of the Order of Saint Isabel
4735:Princess Louise Augusta of Denmark
4405:Margaret, Crown Princess of Sweden
4300:Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll
4005:Margaret, Crown Princess of Sweden
3935:Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll
3637:. Isensee-Verlag, Oldenburg 2007,
3513:(Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2007)
3427:. Le Perreux, France: Alain Giraud
3425:L'Allemagne Dynastique, Vols I-VII
3276:Bragança, Jose Vicente de (2014).
1537:
1493:Cross of Merit for Women and Girls
1448:Royal Order of Victoria and Albert
1201:King Edward died in 1910, and the
1103:on 22 January 1901. The new King,
1016:Wilhelmine, Margravine of Bayreuth
435:(for whom the queen's mother, the
395:, the official royal residence in
180:Albert, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein
107:St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle
14:
4943:
3781:Mary, Landgravine of Hesse-Kassel
3750:Sophia Dorothea, Queen in Prussia
3676:National Portrait Gallery, London
3648:
3357:, 1877 – via hathitrust.org
3312:Königlich Preussische Ordensliste
2028:Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
1674:Died an infant at eight days old
1390:17 July 1917 – 9 June 1923:
1383:5 July 1866 – 17 July 1917:
1211:Crown Princess Margaret of Sweden
353:Royal British Nurses' Association
4488:Marie Louise, Princess of Koháry
3430:
1970:George III of the United Kingdom
1639:Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
1485:
1473:
1460:
1376:25 May 1846 – 5 July 1866:
1366:Titles, styles, honours and arms
1139:(Christian's niece). During the
701:Prince George, Duke of Cambridge
674:Wedding dress of Princess Helena
276:
4156:Lady Louise Mountbatten-Windsor
3868:Princess Caroline of Gloucester
3499:(Begell House, New York, 1999)
3417:
3404:
3383:
3361:
3300:
3249:
3229:
3201:
3175:
3138:
3129:
3120:
3111:
3091:
3076:
3067:
3058:
3049:
3023:
2997:
2988:
2979:
2970:
2961:
2952:
2940:
2914:
2893:
2884:
2875:
2854:
2845:
2836:
2827:
2818:
2797:
2759:
2750:
2729:
2684:
2675:
2666:
2657:
2648:
2639:
2630:
2621:
2612:
2603:
2594:
2585:
2576:
2567:
2558:
2538:
2529:
2520:
2511:
2502:
2493:
2484:
2475:
2466:
2445:
2436:
2427:
2418:
2409:
2400:
2391:
2382:
2373:
2364:
2355:
2346:
2337:
1567:
1411:Companion of the Crown of India
1135:(Helena's nephew) and his wife
803:, and was made a member of the
763:. The couple had six children:
734:
139:
4927:Daughters of empresses regnant
4882:Members of the Royal Red Cross
3889:Princess Elizabeth of Clarence
3594:"Helena, Princess (1846–1923)
3171:. 27 March 1896. p. 1960.
3107:. 11 April 1865. p. 1985.
3031:"A Message from the President"
2281:
2261:
2240:
2231:
2222:
2213:
2204:
2054:Victoria of the United Kingdom
1213:, Princess Helena's niece, as
1196:
1113:Prince Alexander of Battenberg
523:
1:
4334:Clémentine, Princess Napoléon
3863:Princess Sophia of Gloucester
3802:Augusta, Duchess of Brunswick
3465:
3209:"Death Of Princess Christian"
2756:Quoted in Battiscombe, p. 233
2554:. 17 June 1866. p. 4092.
2297:. 30 July 1846. p. 2789.
2277:. 28 July 1846. p. 2754.
1635:the future Queen Elizabeth II
1415:29 April 1883: Member of the
1283:Royal Burial Ground, Frogmore
963:
862:
405:Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
370:
114:Royal Burial Ground, Frogmore
50:
4524:* also a princess of Belgium
4428:Princess Eudoxia of Bulgaria
3525:Queen Victoria's Descendants
3497:Helena: A Princess Reclaimed
934:Nurses Registration Act 1919
757:Ranger of Windsor Great Park
709:Prince Edward of Saxe-Weimar
634:Alexandra, Princess of Wales
7:
4922:Daughters of queens regnant
4842:20th-century British people
4837:19th-century British people
4538:*** also a princess of the
4173:Princess Charlotte of Wales
1694:
1565:
518:
10:
4948:
4912:Children of Queen Victoria
4907:Women of the Victorian era
4852:20th-century British women
4847:19th-century British women
4440:Marie-José, Queen of Italy
4265:Carlota, Empress of Mexico
4178:Princess Lilibet of Sussex
4086:Frederica, Queen of Greece
2063:
1947:
1821:
1715:
1423:Lady of Justice of St John
1398:
1165:British concentration camp
1129:silver wedding anniversary
1030:, originally published by
998:
978:Royal School of Needlework
867:
671:
658:Frederick, Prince of Wales
623:Duke of Schleswig-Holstein
345:Royal School of Needlework
164:
18:
4799:
4782:
4759:
4743:
4727:
4663:
4647:
4630:
4613:
4590:
4521:
4508:
4495:
4482:
4449:
4355:
4274:
4252:
4236:
4186:
4165:
4137:
4121:
4095:
4046:
3962:
3953:Princess Marie of Hanover
3912:
3876:
3825:
3794:
3758:
3742:
3723:
3581:Queen Victoria's Children
3560:My Memories of Six Reigns
3482:(Gollancz, London, 1980)
3480:Queen Victoria's Children
3414:. London: Burke's Peerage
3217:. 11 June 1923. p. 7
3214:South Australian Register
2958:Marie Louise, pp. 141–142
2134:
2126:
2098:
2075:
2071:
2035:
2013:
2005:
1977:
1955:
1951:
1913:
1891:
1883:
1855:
1833:
1829:
1793:
1771:
1763:
1735:
1719:
1613:Succeeded as head of the
1536:
1288:
1176:Oxford and Cambridge Club
719:, before honeymooning in
646:Crown Princess of Prussia
640:, and his second sister,
617:. However, following the
615:Prince Christian's family
555:on the recommendation of
539:(1865). Currently at the
272:
262:
252:
219:
210:
205:
201:
157:
121:
97:
80:
60:
42:
35:
30:
4037:Princess Olga of Hanover
3623:(Collins, London, 1988)
3347:Preussische Ordens-Liste
2920:Marie Louise, pp. 195–96
2824:Quoted in Chomet, p. 126
2767:"Registration of Nurses"
2681:Quoted in Chomet, p. 129
2672:Quoted in Chomet, p. 128
2198:
1679:An unnamed stillborn son
1658:Prince Aribert of Anhalt
1623:Princess Helena Victoria
1558:
1446:Member 1st class of the
1315:Archbishop of Canterbury
1271:
1235:Prince Aribert of Anhalt
1091:Helena's favourite son,
1028:First Aid to the Injured
974:School of Art Needlework
942:Royal College of Nursing
537:Franz Xaver Winterhalter
439:, stood proxy); and the
385:Franz Xaver Winterhalter
185:Princess Helena Victoria
4902:People from Old Windsor
4580:Princesses of Schleswig
4469:Princess Maria Karoline
4381:Marie, Queen of Romania
3985:Marie, Queen of Romania
3838:Princess Augusta Sophia
3598:(subscription required)
3471:Battiscombe, Georgina,
3369:"British Royal Cadency"
2246:Quoted in Chomet, p. 10
1584:Prince Christian Victor
1515:, and differenced by a
1498:
1145:Prince Christian Victor
1117:Marquess of Carisbrooke
1093:Prince Christian Victor
711:and Prince Frederic of
630:Christian IX of Denmark
409:Helena Augusta Victoria
347:, and president of the
211:Helena Augusta Victoria
175:Prince Christian Victor
3609:10.1093/ref:odnb/41067
2899:Battiscombe, pp. 75–78
1542:
1325:
1245:
1083:
1019:. It was noted by the
909:
819:
744:
668:Engagement and wedding
662:Frederick V of Denmark
571:
544:
502:
473:Death of Prince Albert
388:
359:against the advice of
334:Queen Victoria's death
4862:House of Augustenburg
4802:* also a princess of
4375:Maud, Queen of Norway
3980:Maud, Queen of Norway
3579:Van der Kiste, John,
3565:Packard, Jerrold M.,
2911:Van der Kiste, p. 182
2890:Van der Kiste, p. 180
2517:Van der Kiste, p. 181
1646:Princess Marie Louise
1541:
1320:
1250:Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
1243:
1207:Princess Marie Louise
1081:
954:Great Western Railway
907:
817:
742:
603:Second Schleswig Wars
569:
531:
512:Prince Louis of Hesse
496:
415:, later shortened to
378:
316:'s German librarian,
229:Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
190:Princess Marie Louise
4584:Holstein by marriage
4411:Lady Patricia Ramsay
4129:Anne, Princess Royal
4011:Lady Patricia Ramsay
3660:UK National Archives
3567:Victoria's Daughters
3523:Eilers, Marlene A.,
3117:Van der Kiste, p. 36
2967:Marie Louise, p. 142
2654:Packard, pp. 269–270
2564:Van der Kiste, p. 72
2499:Van der Kiste, p. 64
2481:Van der Kiste, p. 65
2442:Van der Kiste, p. 61
1074:After Queen Victoria
1054:Helena wrote to Sir
890:Florence Nightingale
443:(the queen's aunt).
441:Duchess of Cambridge
361:Florence Nightingale
146:; died
4540:Tsardom of Bulgaria
3538:Longford, Elizabeth
3509:Dennison, Matthew,
3011:on 10 February 2008
2976:Marie Louise, p. 43
2735:Battiscombe, p. 234
2316:Van der Kiste, John
1380:The Princess Helena
1219:wedding anniversary
1111:. Helena's nephew,
1038:Bergsträsser affair
982:Royal Commissioners
878:Franco-Prussian War
703:, who had a sudden
619:Austro-Prussian War
425:The Princess Helena
391:Helena was born at
365:wedding anniversary
4867:British princesses
4804:Schleswig-Holstein
4103:Queen Elizabeth II
3807:Princess Elizabeth
3717:British princesses
3262:The London Gazette
3242:The London Gazette
3168:The London Gazette
3104:The London Gazette
2985:Chomet, pp. 143–44
2773:on 9 February 2008
2551:The London Gazette
2508:Battiscombe, p. 76
2472:Battiscombe, p. 77
2294:The London Gazette
2274:The London Gazette
1615:House of Oldenburg
1548:Princess Helena's
1543:
1427:10 February 1904:
1394:Princess Christian
1392:Her Royal Highness
1385:Her Royal Highness
1378:Her Royal Highness
1311:John Van der Kiste
1296:nurse registration
1246:
1084:
938:British parliament
910:
886:nurse registration
820:
753:Windsor Great Park
745:
713:Schleswig-Holstein
685:St George's Chapel
648:, at the court in
572:
545:
503:
433:Duchess of Orléans
389:
357:nurse registration
4812:
4811:
4685:
4684:
4546:
4545:
4196:
4195:
3975:Princess Victoria
3776:Princess Caroline
3643:978-3-89995-406-7
3519:978-0-297-84794-6
3442:Maclagan, Michael
3371:. Heraldica. 2007
3284:(in Portuguese).
2948:Charlotte Zeepvat
2320:"Princess Helena"
2195:
2194:
2191:
2190:
1692:
1691:
1556:
1555:
1371:Titles and styles
1187:Kaiser Wilhelm II
1172:Pall Mall, London
1151:. She was met by
1133:Kaiser Wilhelm II
993:Windsor Guildhall
958:Order of St. John
874:British Red Cross
761:Buckingham Palace
605:. In the latter,
393:Buckingham Palace
341:British Red Cross
330:Princess Beatrice
284:
283:
215:
214:
93:, London, England
76:, London, England
74:Buckingham Palace
4939:
4932:Wives of knights
4712:
4705:
4698:
4689:
4688:
4573:
4566:
4559:
4550:
4549:
4223:
4216:
4209:
4200:
4199:
3710:
3703:
3696:
3687:
3686:
3682:
3668:
3663:
3633:Thomas Weiberg:
3599:
3460:
3459:
3434:
3428:
3421:
3415:
3408:
3402:
3399:
3390:
3387:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3376:
3365:
3359:
3358:
3339:
3333:
3332:
3326:
3318:
3304:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3293:
3273:
3267:
3266:
3253:
3247:
3246:
3233:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3222:
3205:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3179:
3173:
3172:
3159:
3150:
3149:
3148:. 18 March 1863.
3142:
3136:
3133:
3127:
3126:Longford, p. 395
3124:
3118:
3115:
3109:
3108:
3095:
3089:
3080:
3074:
3071:
3065:
3062:
3056:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3027:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3016:
3001:
2995:
2992:
2986:
2983:
2977:
2974:
2968:
2965:
2959:
2956:
2950:
2944:
2938:
2931:Survey of London
2927:
2921:
2918:
2912:
2909:
2900:
2897:
2891:
2888:
2882:
2879:
2873:
2870:
2861:
2858:
2852:
2849:
2843:
2840:
2834:
2831:
2825:
2822:
2816:
2813:
2804:
2801:
2795:
2792:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2763:
2757:
2754:
2748:
2745:
2736:
2733:
2727:
2724:
2715:
2712:
2703:
2700:
2691:
2688:
2682:
2679:
2673:
2670:
2664:
2661:
2655:
2652:
2646:
2643:
2637:
2634:
2628:
2625:
2619:
2616:
2610:
2607:
2601:
2598:
2592:
2589:
2583:
2580:
2574:
2571:
2565:
2562:
2556:
2555:
2542:
2536:
2533:
2527:
2524:
2518:
2515:
2509:
2506:
2500:
2497:
2491:
2488:
2482:
2479:
2473:
2470:
2464:
2461:
2452:
2449:
2443:
2440:
2434:
2431:
2425:
2422:
2416:
2413:
2407:
2404:
2398:
2397:Dennison, p. 204
2395:
2389:
2386:
2380:
2377:
2371:
2368:
2362:
2359:
2353:
2350:
2344:
2341:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2312:
2299:
2298:
2285:
2279:
2278:
2265:
2259:
2256:
2247:
2244:
2238:
2235:
2229:
2226:
2220:
2217:
2211:
2208:
1709:
1708:
1700:
1699:
1607:26 February 1869
1566:
1534:
1519:of three points
1513:shield of Saxony
1490:
1489:
1488:
1478:
1477:
1476:
1465:
1464:
1409:1 January 1878:
1349:Otto Goldschmidt
1300:Emily Williamson
1266:Cumberland Lodge
1141:Edwardian period
1137:Augusta Victoria
1087:Edwardian period
986:South Kensington
956:branches of the
765:Christian Victor
749:Cumberland Lodge
541:Royal Collection
280:
203:
202:
168:
151:
149:
145:
141:
87:
70:
68:
55:
52:
47:
28:
27:
4947:
4946:
4942:
4941:
4940:
4938:
4937:
4936:
4917:Royal reburials
4817:
4816:
4813:
4808:
4795:
4778:
4755:
4739:
4723:
4716:
4686:
4681:
4673:
4659:
4643:
4626:
4609:
4586:
4577:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4526:
4517:
4504:
4491:
4478:
4445:
4351:
4270:
4248:
4232:
4227:
4197:
4192:
4182:
4166:12th generation
4161:
4138:11th generation
4133:
4122:10th generation
4117:
4091:
4042:
3958:
3908:
3872:
3858:Princess Amelia
3853:Princess Sophia
3821:
3812:Princess Louisa
3790:
3771:Princess Amelia
3754:
3738:
3719:
3714:
3654:
3651:
3597:
3493:Chomet, Seweryn
3473:Queen Alexandra
3468:
3463:
3456:
3435:
3431:
3422:
3418:
3409:
3405:
3400:
3393:
3388:
3384:
3374:
3372:
3367:
3366:
3362:
3341:
3340:
3336:
3320:
3319:
3306:
3305:
3301:
3291:
3289:
3274:
3270:
3254:
3250:
3234:
3230:
3220:
3218:
3207:
3206:
3202:
3192:
3190:
3181:
3180:
3176:
3160:
3153:
3144:
3143:
3139:
3134:
3130:
3125:
3121:
3116:
3112:
3096:
3092:
3081:
3077:
3072:
3068:
3063:
3059:
3054:
3050:
3040:
3038:
3029:
3028:
3024:
3014:
3012:
3003:
3002:
2998:
2993:
2989:
2984:
2980:
2975:
2971:
2966:
2962:
2957:
2953:
2945:
2941:
2928:
2924:
2919:
2915:
2910:
2903:
2898:
2894:
2889:
2885:
2880:
2876:
2871:
2864:
2859:
2855:
2850:
2846:
2841:
2837:
2832:
2828:
2823:
2819:
2814:
2807:
2802:
2798:
2793:
2786:
2776:
2774:
2765:
2764:
2760:
2755:
2751:
2746:
2739:
2734:
2730:
2725:
2718:
2713:
2706:
2701:
2694:
2689:
2685:
2680:
2676:
2671:
2667:
2663:Packard, p. 193
2662:
2658:
2653:
2649:
2644:
2640:
2636:Packard, p. 194
2635:
2631:
2626:
2622:
2617:
2613:
2608:
2604:
2600:Packard, p. 192
2599:
2595:
2590:
2586:
2581:
2577:
2573:Packard, p. 117
2572:
2568:
2563:
2559:
2543:
2539:
2535:Packard, p. 116
2534:
2530:
2526:Packard, p. 115
2525:
2521:
2516:
2512:
2507:
2503:
2498:
2494:
2490:Packard, p. 114
2489:
2485:
2480:
2476:
2471:
2467:
2463:Packard, p. 113
2462:
2455:
2451:Packard, p. 121
2450:
2446:
2441:
2437:
2432:
2428:
2423:
2419:
2414:
2410:
2405:
2401:
2396:
2392:
2388:Packard, p. 104
2387:
2383:
2379:Packard, p. 103
2378:
2374:
2370:Packard, p. 102
2369:
2365:
2361:Packard, p. 101
2360:
2356:
2351:
2347:
2342:
2338:
2328:
2326:
2313:
2302:
2286:
2282:
2266:
2262:
2257:
2250:
2245:
2241:
2236:
2232:
2227:
2223:
2218:
2214:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2196:
1697:
1653:8 December 1956
1591:29 October 1900
1561:
1501:
1486:
1484:
1474:
1472:
1466:31 March 1863:
1459:
1421:23 March 1896:
1417:Royal Red Cross
1401:
1373:
1368:
1291:
1274:
1203:First World War
1199:
1183:First World War
1155:Prime Minister
1149:Second Boer War
1109:Princess Louise
1089:
1076:
1056:Theodore Martin
1040:
1022:Saturday Review
1014:The Memoirs of
1001:
966:
870:
865:
841:Balmoral Castle
781:Princess Louise
773:Helena Victoria
737:
697:Triumphal March
676:
670:
561:Prince of Wales
553:Royal Household
526:
521:
475:
467:Princess Louise
448:lady-in-waiting
437:Duchess of Kent
373:
287:Princess Helena
248:
197:
162:
161:
153:
137:
133:
130:
117:
116:
111:
110:28 October 1928
109:
102:
91:Schomberg House
89:
85:
72:
66:
64:
56:
53:
31:Princess Helena
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4945:
4935:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4810:
4809:
4800:
4797:
4796:
4794:
4793:
4786:
4784:
4783:7th generation
4780:
4779:
4777:
4776:
4770:
4763:
4761:
4760:6th generation
4757:
4756:
4754:
4753:
4747:
4745:
4744:5th generation
4741:
4740:
4738:
4737:
4731:
4729:
4728:4th generation
4725:
4724:
4718:Princesses of
4715:
4714:
4707:
4700:
4692:
4683:
4682:
4664:
4661:
4660:
4658:
4657:
4651:
4649:
4648:6th generation
4645:
4644:
4642:
4641:
4634:
4632:
4631:4th generation
4628:
4627:
4625:
4624:
4617:
4615:
4614:2nd generation
4611:
4610:
4608:
4607:
4601:
4594:
4592:
4591:1st generation
4588:
4587:
4576:
4575:
4568:
4561:
4553:
4544:
4543:
4522:
4519:
4518:
4512:
4510:
4509:8th generation
4506:
4505:
4499:
4497:
4496:7th generation
4493:
4492:
4486:
4484:
4483:6th generation
4480:
4479:
4477:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4460:
4453:
4451:
4450:5th generation
4447:
4446:
4444:
4443:
4437:
4431:
4425:
4420:
4414:
4408:
4402:
4396:
4390:
4384:
4378:
4372:
4366:
4359:
4357:
4356:4th generation
4353:
4352:
4350:
4349:
4343:
4337:
4331:
4325:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4303:
4297:
4291:
4285:
4278:
4276:
4275:3rd generation
4272:
4271:
4269:
4268:
4262:
4256:
4254:
4253:2nd generation
4250:
4249:
4247:
4246:
4240:
4238:
4237:1st generation
4234:
4233:
4226:
4225:
4218:
4211:
4203:
4194:
4193:
4187:
4184:
4183:
4181:
4180:
4175:
4169:
4167:
4163:
4162:
4160:
4159:
4152:
4147:
4141:
4139:
4135:
4134:
4132:
4131:
4125:
4123:
4119:
4118:
4116:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4099:
4097:
4096:9th generation
4093:
4092:
4090:
4089:
4082:
4075:
4068:
4061:
4056:
4050:
4048:
4047:8th generation
4044:
4043:
4041:
4040:
4033:
4026:
4019:
4014:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3966:
3964:
3963:7th generation
3960:
3959:
3957:
3956:
3949:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3916:
3914:
3913:6th generation
3910:
3909:
3907:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3894:Queen Victoria
3891:
3886:
3880:
3878:
3877:5th generation
3874:
3873:
3871:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3829:
3827:
3826:4th generation
3823:
3822:
3820:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3798:
3796:
3795:3rd generation
3792:
3791:
3789:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3762:
3760:
3759:2nd generation
3756:
3755:
3753:
3752:
3746:
3744:
3743:1st generation
3740:
3739:
3724:
3721:
3720:
3713:
3712:
3705:
3698:
3690:
3684:
3683:
3669:
3650:
3649:External links
3647:
3646:
3645:
3631:
3614:
3613:
3612:
3577:
3563:
3554:Marie Louise (
3552:
3542:Victoria R. I.
3535:
3521:
3507:
3490:
3476:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3461:
3454:
3429:
3416:
3403:
3401:Eilers, p. 206
3391:
3389:Eilers, p. 205
3382:
3360:
3334:
3308:"Luisen-orden"
3299:
3268:
3248:
3228:
3200:
3189:. 12 June 1923
3174:
3151:
3137:
3128:
3119:
3110:
3090:
3075:
3066:
3057:
3048:
3037:on 24 May 2018
3022:
2996:
2994:Chomet, p. 149
2987:
2978:
2969:
2960:
2951:
2939:
2922:
2913:
2901:
2892:
2883:
2874:
2862:
2853:
2844:
2835:
2826:
2817:
2815:Chomet, p. 126
2805:
2803:Chomet, p. 125
2796:
2794:Chomet, p. 124
2784:
2758:
2749:
2747:Chomet, p. 123
2737:
2728:
2726:Chomet, p. 122
2716:
2714:Chomet, p. 120
2704:
2702:Chomet, p. 119
2692:
2690:Chomet, p. 130
2683:
2674:
2665:
2656:
2647:
2645:Benson, p. 300
2638:
2629:
2620:
2611:
2602:
2593:
2591:Chomet, p. 133
2584:
2575:
2566:
2557:
2537:
2528:
2519:
2510:
2501:
2492:
2483:
2474:
2465:
2453:
2444:
2435:
2433:Packard, p. 99
2426:
2417:
2408:
2399:
2390:
2381:
2372:
2363:
2354:
2345:
2336:
2300:
2280:
2260:
2248:
2239:
2230:
2221:
2219:Chomet, p. 121
2212:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2193:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1902:
1899:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1850:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1788:
1782:
1779:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1705:
1704:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1676:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1662:
1661:
1656:Married 1891;
1654:
1651:
1650:12 August 1872
1648:
1642:
1641:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1619:
1618:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1599:
1598:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1580:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1545:
1544:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1495:
1482:
1470:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1450:
1444:
1437:
1431:
1425:
1419:
1413:
1406:
1405:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1395:
1388:
1381:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1306:, Manchester.
1290:
1287:
1273:
1270:
1198:
1195:
1131:, in 1906, of
1099:, who died at
1097:Queen Victoria
1088:
1085:
1075:
1072:
1044:Princess Alice
1039:
1036:
1009:Prince Consort
1000:
997:
965:
962:
869:
866:
864:
861:
849:Court Circular
736:
733:
681:Windsor Castle
669:
666:
642:Princess Alice
557:Baron Stockmar
525:
522:
520:
517:
507:Princess Alice
481:, the queen's
474:
471:
423:Royal Highness
372:
369:
306:Baron Stockmar
295:Queen Victoria
282:
281:
274:
270:
269:
267:Queen Victoria
264:
260:
259:
254:
250:
249:
247:
246:
236:
225:
223:
217:
216:
213:
212:
208:
207:
199:
198:
196:
195:
192:
187:
182:
177:
171:
169:
155:
154:
135:
131:
126:
125:
123:
119:
118:
112:
104:
103:
99:
95:
94:
88:(aged 77)
82:
78:
77:
62:
58:
57:
48:
40:
39:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4944:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4824:
4822:
4815:
4807:
4805:
4798:
4791:
4788:
4787:
4785:
4781:
4774:
4771:
4768:
4765:
4764:
4762:
4758:
4752:
4749:
4748:
4746:
4742:
4736:
4733:
4732:
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3657:
3653:
3652:
3644:
3640:
3636:
3632:
3630:
3629:0-00-217076-0
3626:
3622:
3618:
3617:Wake, Jehanne
3615:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3595:
3592:
3591:
3590:
3589:0-7509-3476-X
3586:
3582:
3578:
3576:
3575:0-312-24496-7
3572:
3568:
3564:
3561:
3557:
3553:
3551:
3550:0-297-84142-4
3547:
3543:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3533:0-8063-1202-5
3530:
3526:
3522:
3520:
3516:
3512:
3508:
3506:
3505:1-56700-145-9
3502:
3498:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3488:0-575-02690-1
3485:
3481:
3478:Bennett, D.,
3477:
3474:
3470:
3469:
3457:
3455:1-85605-469-1
3451:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3433:
3426:
3420:
3413:
3407:
3398:
3396:
3386:
3370:
3364:
3356:
3352:
3349:(in German),
3348:
3344:
3338:
3330:
3324:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3303:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3272:
3264:
3263:
3258:
3252:
3244:
3243:
3238:
3232:
3216:
3215:
3210:
3204:
3188:
3187:parliament.uk
3184:
3178:
3170:
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3164:
3158:
3156:
3147:
3141:
3132:
3123:
3114:
3106:
3105:
3100:
3094:
3088:
3086:
3083:Keen, Basil,
3079:
3073:Chomet, p. 40
3070:
3064:Chomet, p. 87
3061:
3055:Chomet, p. 30
3052:
3036:
3032:
3026:
3010:
3006:
3000:
2991:
2982:
2973:
2964:
2955:
2949:
2943:
2936:
2932:
2926:
2917:
2908:
2906:
2896:
2887:
2881:Chomet, p. 86
2878:
2872:Chomet, p. 84
2869:
2867:
2860:Chomet, p. 83
2857:
2851:Chomet, p. 80
2848:
2842:Chomet, p. 71
2839:
2833:Chomet, p. 70
2830:
2821:
2812:
2810:
2800:
2791:
2789:
2772:
2768:
2762:
2753:
2744:
2742:
2732:
2723:
2721:
2711:
2709:
2699:
2697:
2687:
2678:
2669:
2660:
2651:
2642:
2633:
2627:Chomet, p. 59
2624:
2618:Chomet, p. 54
2615:
2609:Chomet, p. 52
2606:
2597:
2588:
2582:Chomet, p. 55
2579:
2570:
2561:
2553:
2552:
2547:
2541:
2532:
2523:
2514:
2505:
2496:
2487:
2478:
2469:
2460:
2458:
2448:
2439:
2430:
2424:Chomet, p. 37
2421:
2415:Chomet, p. 19
2412:
2406:Chomet, p. 17
2403:
2394:
2385:
2376:
2367:
2358:
2352:Chomet, p. 12
2349:
2343:Chomet, p. 10
2340:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2296:
2295:
2290:
2284:
2276:
2275:
2270:
2264:
2258:Chomet, p. 11
2255:
2253:
2243:
2237:Bennet, p. 89
2234:
2225:
2216:
2207:
2203:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2144:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2130:
2129:
2124:
2123:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2102:
2101:
2096:
2095:
2091:
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2081:
2080:
2067:
2066:
2061:
2060:
2055:
2049:
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2045:
2044:
2039:
2038:
2033:
2032:
2029:
2023:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2009:
2008:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1991:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1981:
1980:
1975:
1974:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1943:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1917:
1916:
1911:
1910:
1907:
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1900:
1897:
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1723:
1711:
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1702:
1701:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1665:Prince Harald
1664:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1630:13 March 1948
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1610:27 April 1931
1609:
1606:
1604:
1603:Prince Albert
1601:
1600:
1597:
1593:
1590:
1588:14 April 1867
1587:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1564:
1551:
1547:
1546:
1540:
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1532:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1494:
1491:1 June 1872:
1483:
1481:
1471:
1469:
1463:
1458:
1457:
1453:
1452:
1449:
1445:
1442:
1439:3 June 1918:
1438:
1436:
1433:3 June 1911:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1424:
1420:
1418:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1407:
1403:
1402:
1393:
1389:
1386:
1382:
1379:
1375:
1374:
1363:
1361:
1360:Prince Alfred
1356:
1354:
1353:Drawing Rooms
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1333:Charles Hallé
1330:
1324:
1319:
1316:
1312:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1286:
1284:
1280:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1242:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1227:King George V
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1194:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1153:South African
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1101:Osborne House
1098:
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1080:
1071:
1069:
1063:
1061:
1057:
1052:
1049:
1045:
1035:
1033:
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1023:
1018:
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1006:
996:
994:
989:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
961:
959:
955:
951:
947:
946:Isle of Wight
943:
939:
935:
930:
927:
923:
919:
915:
906:
902:
900:
899:Privy Council
895:
891:
887:
883:
882:royal charter
879:
875:
860:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
837:
833:
829:
824:
816:
812:
810:
806:
802:
798:
793:
788:
786:
782:
778:
774:
771:in 1869, and
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
741:
732:
730:
726:
722:
718:
717:Osborne House
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
675:
665:
663:
659:
653:
651:
647:
643:
639:
638:Prince Alfred
635:
632:'s daughter,
631:
626:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
578:
568:
564:
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558:
554:
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542:
538:
534:
530:
516:
513:
508:
500:
495:
491:
488:
484:
483:Isle of Wight
480:
479:Osborne House
470:
468:
464:
460:
456:
451:
449:
444:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
424:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
386:
382:
381:Prince Alfred
377:
368:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
337:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
314:Prince Albert
311:
307:
302:
300:
299:Prince Albert
296:
292:
288:
279:
275:
271:
268:
265:
261:
258:
255:
251:
244:
240:
237:
234:
230:
227:
226:
224:
222:
218:
209:
204:
200:
194:Prince Harald
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
173:
172:
170:
167:
166:
160:
156:
129:
124:
120:
115:
108:
105:Royal Vault,
100:
96:
92:
83:
79:
75:
63:
59:
46:
41:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
4814:
4801:
4772:
4674:
4666:
4654:
4603:
4527:
4523:
4293:
4243:
4188:
4154:
4084:
4077:
4070:
4063:
4035:
4028:
4021:
4009:
3951:
3944:
3929:
3734:
3730:
3634:
3620:
3600:
3580:
3566:
3559:
3541:
3524:
3510:
3496:
3479:
3472:
3445:
3432:
3424:
3419:
3411:
3406:
3385:
3373:. Retrieved
3363:
3350:
3346:
3337:
3311:
3302:
3290:. Retrieved
3285:
3282:Pro Phalaris
3281:
3271:
3260:
3251:
3240:
3231:
3219:. Retrieved
3212:
3203:
3191:. Retrieved
3186:
3177:
3166:
3140:
3135:Chomet, p. 4
3131:
3122:
3113:
3102:
3093:
3084:
3078:
3069:
3060:
3051:
3039:. Retrieved
3035:the original
3025:
3013:. Retrieved
3009:the original
2999:
2990:
2981:
2972:
2963:
2954:
2942:
2930:
2925:
2916:
2895:
2886:
2877:
2856:
2847:
2838:
2829:
2820:
2799:
2775:. Retrieved
2771:the original
2761:
2752:
2731:
2686:
2677:
2668:
2659:
2650:
2641:
2632:
2623:
2614:
2605:
2596:
2587:
2578:
2569:
2560:
2549:
2540:
2531:
2522:
2513:
2504:
2495:
2486:
2477:
2468:
2447:
2438:
2429:
2420:
2411:
2402:
2393:
2384:
2375:
2366:
2357:
2348:
2339:
2327:. Retrieved
2323:
2292:
2283:
2272:
2263:
2242:
2233:
2228:Chomet, p. 9
2224:
2215:
2210:Chomet, p. 6
2206:
1931:
1562:
1552:(1858–1917)
1550:coat of arms
1509:inescutcheon
1502:
1391:
1384:
1377:
1357:
1326:
1321:
1308:
1292:
1275:
1257:
1247:
1200:
1180:
1169:
1127:King at the
1125:
1090:
1064:
1041:
1027:
1020:
1013:
1002:
990:
973:
967:
931:
925:
911:
893:
871:
836:hypochondria
825:
821:
797:High Steward
789:
777:Marie Louise
746:
735:Married life
677:
654:
627:
581:
573:
546:
504:
486:
476:
452:
445:
420:
416:
412:
408:
390:
338:
303:
290:
286:
285:
242:
232:
163:
101:15 June 1923
86:(1923-06-09)
49:Photograph,
36:
25:
4832:1923 deaths
4827:1846 births
4806:by marriage
4722:by marriage
4679:by marriage
4671:by marriage
3438:Louda, JiĹ™Ă
3375:29 February
3292:28 November
3257:"No. 30730"
3237:"No. 24539"
3163:"No. 26725"
3099:"No. 22956"
3015:21 February
2777:21 February
2546:"No. 23140"
2289:"No. 20627"
2269:"No. 20626"
1671:20 May 1876
1668:12 May 1876
1304:Fallowfield
1197:Later years
1181:Before the
1157:Louis Botha
1121:Sandringham
1068:John Murray
1005:translation
785:Jules Dalou
597:during the
549:Carl Ruland
524:Controversy
318:Carl Ruland
84:9 June 1923
71:25 May 1846
54: 1882
4821:Categories
4528:** also a
3466:References
3353:, Berlin:
2329:28 January
1688:Stillborn
1685:7 May 1877
1682:7 May 1877
1627:3 May 1870
1507:, with an
1505:royal arms
1345:Bach Choir
1341:Clara Butt
1337:Jenny Lind
1231:Queen Mary
1105:Edward VII
1060:honorarium
970:needlework
964:Needlework
918:Edward VII
863:Activities
845:rheumatism
725:Interlaken
672:See also:
487:most, most
459:technology
371:Early life
233:until 1917
67:1846-05-25
4675:**also a
1161:Jan Smuts
1051:clergyman
1048:Darmstadt
1032:Christian
914:Alexandra
767:in 1867,
693:Beethoven
583:Schleswig
413:Helenchen
401:Ernest II
273:Signature
243:from 1917
4530:princess
3735:princess
3727:George I
3444:(1999).
3323:citation
3221:18 April
3193:18 April
1695:Ancestry
1596:Boer War
1529:George V
922:courtier
832:laudanum
689:mourning
587:Holstein
533:Portrait
519:Marriage
351:and the
4667:also a
4532:of the
3674:at the
1511:of the
1454:Foreign
1404:British
1399:Honours
1254:Windsor
1223:Germany
1115:(later
999:Writing
950:Windsor
868:Nursing
857:oculist
809:pigeons
801:Windsor
611:Austria
607:Prussia
595:Denmark
591:Prussia
463:boating
455:science
417:Lenchen
322:Germany
310:Britain
239:Windsor
165:more...
152:
136:
132:
3731:prince
3641:
3627:
3587:
3573:
3548:
3531:
3517:
3503:
3486:
3452:
3087:, p.24
3041:24 May
1578:Notes
1521:argent
1289:Legacy
1262:Albert
1215:Sweden
1159:, but
894:status
853:France
769:Albert
650:Berlin
501:, 1861
403:, the
397:London
263:Mother
253:Father
142:
122:Spouse
98:Burial
2199:Notes
2151:(= 9)
2092:(= 8)
1575:Death
1572:Birth
1559:Issue
1525:gules
1517:label
1331:with
1329:piano
1272:Death
1191:child
828:opium
792:dowry
729:Genoa
721:Paris
599:First
221:House
206:Names
159:Issue
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705:gout
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