632:(which are themselves shaped in concentric circles). Southern drums are suspended by four posts, one for each direction. Northern drums are set up on the outside of the dance area, with the host drum in the best position. Drummer-singers are expected to remain at their drum and ready to sing at any moment's notice; a dancer might approach the drum and whistle, fan, or gesture his staff over a drum to indicate his request for a song even if it is not that drum group's turn to sing. In some regions, it is considered disrespectful to leave a drum completely unattended. Some drum groups do not allow females to sit down at their drum but welcome them to stand behind the drummers and sing backup harmonies; the reasons for this point vaguely to a variety of tribal stories that attempt to tell the history of drumming as each group understands it. The drum is offered gifts of tobacco during giveaways and musicians acknowledge this by standing.
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difficulty. However, "to the trained ear, melodies flow, ascend and descend" while dancers react to changes in the structure of the melody and the song. Boye Ladd says, "If you give me a stink song, I'll dance stink. If you give me good music, I'll give you a great show," implying that one can appreciate the music through the dancing, which is readily appreciated by everyone. But others say that today's contemporary contest dancers should dance their best no matter how well or poorly the drum group singing for their contest is. Generally, Native
American singing follows a pentatonic scale, like playing only the black keys on a piano. While to the outsider, it may simply sound like drum beats accompanied by vocables, some songs include words in Cree, Pikuni, Lushuutsid, Niimipuu, Lakhota, Sahpatin, Salish, Ojibwemowin, or many other Native languages.
462:(or Southern traditional): Straight dancers usually are more neat and with more handmade features such as chokers, breastplates, etc. Their dances are like Northern. They take one foot and step on the ball of their foot and then they tap it once on the ground. Then they tap it once again, but this time, they put their heel a few millimeters above the ground and repeat the process with the other foot. They do this in a walking motion. It is very hard especially when following the beat of fast drums. If they catch themselves off-beat they will tap their foot three times instead of two to get back with the drums' rhythm.
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152:, Commissioner of Indian Affairs in the United States, passed legislation modeled on Circular 1665, which he published in 1921. This legislation restricted the times of the year in which Native Americans could practice traditional dance, which Burke deemed as a direct threat to the Christian religion. However, many Native communities continued to gather together in secret to practice their cultures' dance and music in defiance of this and other legislation. By the mid-twentieth century, powwows were also being held in the Great Lakes region.
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Grass Dance, Men's Fancy, Women's
Traditional, Women's Jingle, and Women's Fancy. This sequence is then followed by teens and small children in the same order. After the Grand Entry, the master of ceremonies (MC) invites a respected member of the community to deliver an invocation. The host drum that did not perform the Grand Entry song will then perform a Flag Song, followed by a Victory or Veterans' Song, during which the flags and staffs are placed at the MC's table.
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719:, finishes the song with a shortened chorus. Sometimes a drum group will sing the song more than four times, particularly when the song feels good and the singers seize the moment for an extra pushup or two (or more), or when a dancer blows a whistle or passes his staff or fan over the drum to signal that the song is to be continued four extra pushups while he prays.
358:'costume.' Additionally, certain rules promote courtesy, such as refraining from touching or playing the drums unless one is part of the drum group. It is also important to avoid touching individuals or their regalia without permission. Certain tribes, including the Pascua Yaqui and Hopi, prohibit photography and sketching during ceremonies.
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covered by a drape over the chest and back with short fringe. The bustle is small, using small pheasant or eagle feathers circling the outside of the bustle board with bunches of small loose feathers or plumes in the centre. Dancers carry a mirror board or a gourd in one hand and an eagle tail feather fan in the other.
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cluster of three hard beats (on consecutive beats) may be used at the end of a series of hard beats, while a few beats in the first line of a song indicate performer enthusiasm. In the "Hot Five" method five beats are used, with the first hard beat four beats before the second, after which the beats alternate.
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Buckskin and Cloth: A traditional dance from the South. The name refers to the type of material from which the dress is made. The regalia is similar to the
Northern traditional dance. However, in the South, buckskin and cloth dancers are judged in two separate categories. The dance steps are the same
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by rocking their heads back and forth as they spin from side to side in slow majestic movements. Regalia is less elaborate than other dances. It usually includes a porcupine hair roach and two long pheasant tail feathers that curl backward with colored plumes. Dark, snug shirts and leggings are worn,
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Planning for a powwow generally begins months, perhaps even a year, before the event by a group of people usually referred to as a powwow committee. Pow wows may be sponsored by a tribal organization, an
American Native community within an urban area, a Native American Studies program, or an American
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In addition to the open dances, contest dances for a particular style and age group are often held, with the top winners receiving a cash prize. To compete in a contest, the dancer must be in regalia appropriate for the competition. Larger pow wows have more specific categories. The dance categories
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A pow-wow session begins with the Grand Entry and a prayer. The Eagle Staff leads the Grand Entry, followed by flags and then the dancers, while one of the host drums performs an opening song. This event is considered sacred, and some pow-wows prohibit filming or photography during this time, though
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The singers perform while singing. Host drummers are responsible for leading songs at the beginning and end of a pow-wow session, typically starting with a grand entry song, followed by a flag song, veterans or victory song. To conclude the pow-wow, they also perform a flag song, retreat song, and a
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which is accorded great respect. The members of drum groups are often family, extended family, or friends. Groups are then often named for families, geographic locations, tribal societies, or more colorful names. Many groups display their names on jackets, caps, vehicles, and chairs. Traditionally,
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To understand drum protocol, a drum may be thought of as a person or being and is to be regarded and respected as such. Drum etiquette is highly important. There are regional variations. The drum is the central symbol of
Oklahoma pow wows and is located in the center of the dance floor and pow wow
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The supplies a drum group carries include the drum, rawhide headed, a cloth bag for padded drum sticks, the drum stand, folding chairs for sitting, and, in some cases, a public address system. The drum head, stand, microphone stands, and PA box are often decorated with paintings or eagle feathers,
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When military veterans or active duty service members are present, they are often given the honor for carrying the flags and eagle staffs. These individuals are followed by the head dancers, after which the remaining dancers typically enter the arena in a designated order: Men's
Traditional, Men's
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The head staff of a pow-wow are the people who run the event on the day or days it occurs. They are generally hired by the powwow committee several months in advance, as the quality of the head staff can affect attendance. To be chosen as part of the head staff is an honor, showing respect for the
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Readily noticeable in performances are the "hard beats" used to indicate sections of the song. The "traditional method" consists of a pronounced strike by all singers every other beat. These may appear in the first or second line of a song, the end of a section, before the repetition of a song. A
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At outdoor pow wows, this circle is often covered by either a committee-built arbor or tent, or each group, particularly the MC and the drums, will provide their own. While most of the time, a tent provides shelter from the sun, rain can also plague outdoor events. It is particularly important to
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Northern
Traditional (simply "Men's Traditional" in the North): A dance featuring traditional regalia, including a single bustle, usually of eagle feathers, ribbon shirt, bone hair pipe choker, and breastplate. Movements are based upon a warrior scouting before a battle or other storytelling
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Pow-wow etiquette includes guidelines regarding acceptable behavior, such as rules for photography and protocol during the Grand Entry. Common practices emphasize respect for participants and traditions. The clothing worn by participants is referred to as 'regalia' and should not be called a
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is used in the north, while in the south, a lower range is used. "To the unfamiliar listener, Indian singing sounds exotic, different, and difficult to comprehend," and the contrast in the quality or timbre of voice used in traditional Indian and
European music may have much to do with that
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communities. Powwows today are an opportunity for
Indigenous people to socialize, dance, sing, and honor their cultures. Powwows may be private or public, indoors or outdoors. Dancing events can be competitive with monetary prizes. Powwows vary in length from single-day to weeklong events.
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mark the end of the chorus and beginning of the verse, and during these dancers will alter their dancing such as by hopping low like fancy dancers. An increase in tempo and volume on the last five beats marks the end of the final verse. The dancing stops on the final beat and then a
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or Fancy
Feather Dance (Northern and Southern styles): A dance featuring vivid regalia with dramatic movement, including spins and leaps. Fancy dancers are distinguished by their bright-colored regalia, which consists of two large bustles worn on the upper and lower
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closing song. Additionally, if a pow-wow has gourd dancing, the Southern Host Drum is often the drum that sings all the gourd songs, though another drum can perform them. The host drums are often called upon to sing special songs during the pow-wow.
278:, or order of when each drum group gets to sing. The MC is also responsible for filling any dead air time that may occur during the pow wow, often with jokes. The MC often runs any raffles or other contests that may happen during the pow wow.
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may come from that group. The committee is responsible for recruiting and hiring the head staff, publicizing the powwow, securing a location, and recruiting vendors who pay for the right to set up and sell food or merchandise at the powwow.
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region of the United States during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, a time when the United States government destroyed many Native communities in the hopes of acquiring land for economic exploitation. In 1923,
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or parade of dancers that opens a pow-wow. In many cases, the head dancers are also responsible for leading the dancers during songs, and often dancers will not enter the arena unless the head dancers are already out dancing.
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by a southern drum; there is also "double beat", "sneakup" and, for Women's Traditional and Jingle, "sidestep". Each of these songs have a different step to be used during them, but are open for dancers of any style.
468:: A dance featuring regalia with long, flowing fringe and designs reminiscent of grass blowing in the wind. Dance movements are more elaborate than the traditional dancers, but less flashy than the fancy dancers.
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tribe and spread from there. It is a society dance for veterans and their families. Unlike other dances, the gourd dance is normally performed with the drum in the center of the dance arena, not on the side.
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The head dancers consist of the Head Man Dancer and the Head Woman Dancer, and often Head Teen Dancers, Head Little Boy and Girl Dancers, Head Golden Age Dancers, and a Head Gourd Dancer if the pow wow has a
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protect the drums used by the drum groups, as they are sensitive to temperature changes and, if it rains, they cannot get wet. Most vendors provide their own tents or shelters at an outdoor pow wow.
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was used to refer to any type of meeting. This usage is now considered by some Native Americans to be an offensive case of appropriation because of the cultural significance powwows hold.
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Eastern War Dance: A dance from the East Coast that is a storytelling dance, Men wear no bustle however do carry a fan and dance stick. This is also called the "Eastern Strait Dance".
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527:. During a two step, each couple follows the lead of the head dancers, forming a line behind them. In contrast, in an owl dance, each couple dances alone. Group dances include the
274:, or MC, is the voice of the pow wow. It is his job to keep the singers, dancers, and public informed as to what is happening. The MC sets the schedule of events and maintains the
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by another singer. The second singer begins to vary the melody before the leader's first line ends. They are then joined by the entire chorus for the rest of the pushup. Three
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515:(healing dance): The jingle dress includes a skirt with hundreds of small tin cones that make noise as the dancer moves with light footwork danced close to the ground.
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Traditional (seen at Northern pow wows): A dance featuring traditional regalia of cloth or leather and dancers who perform with precise, highly controlled movement.
143:. A number of tribes claim to have held the "first" pow wow. Initially, public dances that most resemble what are now known as pow wows were most common in the
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663:'." (p. 85) Note that Bill Runs Above did not mention the lyrics of the songs, and while they are no doubt important, most lyrics of most songs employ
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traditions tracing to when the powwow was first danced as a ceremony. The dancers carry a dance staff and a fan usually made from the wing of an eagle.
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dance, where the group dances to mimic the motions of a snake at the beginning of the dance, then changes to mimic the actions of a herd of buffalo.
509:: A dance featuring women wearing brilliant colors, a long, usually fringed and decorated, shawl, performing rapid spins and elaborate dance steps.
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594:"Good drums get the dancers out there, good songs get them to dance well. Without drum groups, there is no music. No music, no dance, no powwow."
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only men would drum and women would sit behind the men, singing high harmonies. Beginning in the mid-1970s, women began drumming with men and
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A powwow committee consists of several individuals who do all the planning before the event. If a pow wow has a sponsor, such as a tribe,
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are featured at some Pow Wows. The hoop has no beginning or end; it represents the continuity of the spirits of all living things.
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Normal intertribal dancing is an individual activity, but there are also couples and group dances. Couples dances include the
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While the drum is central to pow wows, "the drum only helps them keep beat. Dancers key on the melody of the song.
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Chicken dance: a recent dance originating with the Northern Plains tribes. Dancers imitate the mating dance of the
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The styles and types of dances at a pow wow are descended from the traditions of the Great Plains nations of
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campus, a tribe, or any other organization that can provide startup funds, insurance, and volunteer workers.
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There may be many drums at a pow wow, especially weekend or week-long ones, but each pow wow features a
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Hatton, O. Thomas (1974). "Performance Practices of Northern Plains Pow-Wow Singing Groups", p.85-86,
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422:, where a Drum will sing a song, and anyone who wants to can come and dance. Similar dances are the
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is often included before the start of the pow wow sessions. The gourd dance originated with the
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Hatton, O. Thomas (1974). "Performance Practices of Northern Plains Pow-Wow Singing Groups",
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Hatton, O. Thomas (1974). "Performance Practices of Northern Plains Pow-Wow Singing Groups",
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This article is about Native American/First Nations gatherings. For other uses, see
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A pow wow is often set up as a series of large circles. The center circle is the
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At pow wows, where there is a large Southern Plains community in the area, the
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1315:. Kyi-Yo student organization, Native American studies, University of Montana.
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Splendiferous Speech: How Early Americans Pioneered Their Own Brand of English
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906:"Segments from the Circular No. 1665 and Supplement to Circular No. 1665"
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893:. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press. pp. Chapter 2.
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Detail of the single feather bustle of a men's traditional dance outfit
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Heartbeat of the People: Music and Dance of the Northern Pow-wow
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vary somewhat by region, but general categories are as follows:
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941:. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. pp. 14–15.
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127:, meaning "spiritual leader." The term has variants, including
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Kalasagaram Annual Cultural Festival Of Music, Dance and Drama
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A Northern plains style Men's Fancy Dancer, California, 2005
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Ruhaniyat – The All India Sufi & Mystic Music Festival
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Native American and First Nations cultural dance gathering
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A Dancing People: Powwow Culture on the Southern Plains
1056:"Respectful Ways go a Long Way on Arizona Indian Land"
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In mainstream American culture, such as 20th-century
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Blackfoot Musical Thought: Comparative Perspectives
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Blackfoot Musical Thought: Comparative Perspectives
825:"Chapter 10: Spirit Names and Religious Vocabulary"
575:is characterized by pan or intertribalism with the
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979:Chris Glazner, Roxanne Solis, and Geoff Weinman;
291:. The head dancers lead the other dancers in the
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1298:Anuario Interamericano de Investigacion Musical
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1215:Anuario Interamericano de Investigacion Musical
1202:Anuario Interamericano de Investigacion Musical
193:, or organization, many or all members of the
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2810:List of Hindustani classical music festivals
1683:Joseph K. Lumsden Bahweting Anishnabe School
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87:) is a gathering with dances held by many
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1322:. Ohio: The Kent State University Press.
1251:. Ohio: The Kent State University Press.
722:Singing differs by region in that a high
611:fur, flags, and strips of colored cloth.
2724:Oslo International Church Music Festival
2701:Omaha Blues, Jazz, & Gospel Festival
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430:when performed by a northern drum or a
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2969:Indigenous culture of the Great Plains
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2901:Long Plain First Nation Annual Pow-wow
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1119:from the original on January 29, 2024
1035:from the original on January 29, 2024
1029:"Powwow-Power.Com's Powwow Etiquette"
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831:from the original on January 29, 2024
804:from the original on January 23, 2024
370:The Eagle Staff leads the Grand Entry
2954:Culture of the Western United States
1009:What is a powwow and a brief history
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2984:Folk festivals in the United States
1554:Teachings of the Seven Grandfathers
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103:or by military personnel, the term
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918:from the original on April 5, 2023
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2995:
2729:Festival Europäische Kirchenmusik
2663:List of Christian music festivals
1663:Anishinabek Educational Institute
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981:Southern Native American Pow Wows
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337:Girls' shawl dance, Montana, 2007
261:Girls in jingle dress competition
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2841:Sawai Gandharva Bhimsen Festival
2763:List of Carnatic music festivals
2686:Australian Gospel Music Festival
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698:by the lead singer, who is then
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2959:Native American music festivals
2706:Umberleigh Rock Gospel Festival
2533:Dance in mythology and religion
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215:person's skills or dedication.
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2846:Swami Haridas Sangeet Sammelan
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994:; URL accessed April 20, 2006,
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391:A boy in Grass Dance regalia,
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1:
2964:First Nations music festivals
1514:Mishi-ginebig ("great snake")
1095:; url accessed April 20, 2006
1003:Becky Olvera Schultz (2001);
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1673:Canadian residential schools
1300:, Vol. 10, pp. 123–137
493:for both regalia categories.
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323:
184:
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2635:World Sacred Music Festival
1018:"; url accessed May 3, 2006
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403:Men's Traditional regalia,
55:Men's traditional dancers,
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850:Ostler, Rosemarie (2018).
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501:Women's traditional dancer
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308:Famous host drums include
300:Host drums and drum groups
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1678:Hannahville Indian School
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2979:Folk festivals in Canada
2933:List of reggae festivals
2755:Carnatic music festivals
2681:List of Gospel festivals
2651:Contemporary/mixed genre
1688:U.S. residential schools
1668:Bug-O-Nay-Ge-Shig School
1271:*Roberts, Chris (1992).
1226:*Roberts, Chris (1992).
1158:*Roberts, Chris (1992).
856:. Chicago Review Press.
753:Native American hobbyism
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442:
328:
201:
43:Grand Entry at the 1983
2773:Chembai Sangeetholsavam
1333:Roberts, Chris (1992).
1217:, Vol. 10, pp. 123-137.
1179:Roberts, Chris (1992).
1137:Roberts, Chris (1992).
827:. pp. entry # 12.
659:all help create their '
618:An all-woman Drum group
32:Powwow (disambiguation)
2788:Swathi Sangeethotsavam
1484:Grand Medicine Society
889:Browner, Tara (2002).
823:O'Brien, Frank Waabu.
774:Rendezvous (fur trade)
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563:Though there are many
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235:This section is empty.
211:
169:
72:
60:
48:
2875:Native American music
2866:Jewish Music Festival
2696:McDonald's Gospelfest
1318:Nettl, Bruno (1989).
1247:Nettl, Bruno (1989).
985:"The Arena and Staff"
937:Ellis, Clyde (2003).
681:
643:
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554:
500:
402:
390:
369:
336:
260:
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163:
71:, Quebec/Canada, 2014
66:
54:
42:
2906:Gathering of Nations
2498:Dance and disability
1544:Seven fires prophecy
1364:at Wikimedia Commons
1031:. Powwow-power.com.
567:unique to different
272:master of ceremonies
266:Master of Ceremonies
119:is derived from the
2778:Madras Music Season
2543:Dance on television
1564:Traditional beliefs
1372:Omaha Pow-wow music
1368:Library of Congress
1204:, Vol. 10, pp. 129.
1066:on January 26, 2020
432:horse stealing song
310:Black Lodge Singers
2768:Tyagaraja Aradhana
1597:Birch bark scrolls
1569:Underwater panther
1313:Kyi-Yo Celebration
1091:2006-04-25 at the
1014:2008-07-06 at the
990:2011-10-06 at the
904:Charles H. Burke.
684:
649:
620:
561:
503:
408:
397:
375:others permit it.
372:
339:
263:
212:
170:
73:
61:
49:
2941:
2940:
2926:Rastafarian music
2921:
2920:
2854:
2853:
2798:
2797:
2742:
2741:
2717:Church/liturgical
2586:
2585:
2538:Dance occupations
2475:Wallis and Futuna
1714:
1713:
1360:Media related to
1084:Glazner, et al.;
690:consists of four
529:Snake and Buffalo
255:
254:
173:Native club on a
16:(Redirected from
2991:
2891:List of pow wows
2879:
2878:
2816:
2815:
2751:
2750:
2648:
2647:
2613:
2606:
2599:
2590:
2589:
2573:History of dance
2558:Dance technology
2503:Dance and health
2453:African-American
1741:
1734:
1727:
1718:
1717:
1630:Birchbark biting
1441:myth and stories
1401:
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1062:. Archived from
1054:Volante, Enric.
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237:You can help by
230:
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150:Charles H. Burke
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2850:
2836:Jahan-e-Khusrau
2814:
2794:
2738:
2734:Olavsfestdagene
2712:
2669:
2644:Christian music
2639:
2623:
2620:Religious music
2617:
2587:
2582:
2518:Dance etiquette
2484:
2243:Burma (Myanmar)
2183:
2179:
2171:
2120:Lead and follow
2081:
2017:Country–western
1956:
1937:Novelty and fad
1895:Hoochie coochie
1846:
1805:closed position
1778:
1774:List of dancers
1750:
1745:
1715:
1710:
1692:
1649:
1616:
1578:
1431:
1413:
1405:
1352:
1311:Kyi-Yo (2007).
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1199:
1195:
1183:, p.86 and 89.
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1113:Prescott Powwow
1107:
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1093:Wayback Machine
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577:Plains cultures
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473:prairie chicken
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89:Native American
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2831:Qutub Festival
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2658:Jesus festival
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2628:Mixed religion
2625:
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2578:Women in dance
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2565:
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2555:
2550:
2548:Dance research
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2523:Dance notation
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1771:
1769:List of dances
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1607:Ottawa dialect
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1509:Medicine wheel
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1479:Gitche Manitou
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1396:
1389:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1370:collection of
1365:
1351:
1350:External links
1348:
1347:
1346:
1335:Powwow Country
1331:
1316:
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1292:
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1286:
1285:
1273:Powwow Country
1261:
1240:
1228:Powwow Country
1219:
1206:
1193:
1181:Powwow Country
1172:
1160:Powwow Country
1151:
1139:Powwow Country
1130:
1097:
1086:"Dance Styles"
1077:
1060:Navajo Central
1046:
1020:
996:
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688:song structure
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555:Aztec Dancer,
548:
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460:Straight dance
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246:September 2024
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219:Arena Director
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164:Fancy dancer,
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101:Western movies
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2808:
2807:
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2803:Islamic music
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2568:Dancing mania
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2553:Dance science
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2534:
2531:
2529:
2528:Dance in film
2526:
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2513:Dance costume
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1905:Neo-Burlesque
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2859:Jewish music
2674:Gospel music
2563:Dance troupe
2508:Dance awards
2403:Pontic Greek
2110:Dance theory
2100:Choreography
2012:Contemporary
1533:
1494:Jingle dress
1489:Jiibayaabooz
1464:Dreamcatcher
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1121:. Retrieved
1112:
1109:"The Dances"
1080:
1070:November 20,
1068:. Retrieved
1064:the original
1059:
1049:
1037:. Retrieved
1023:
1005:Powwow Power
1004:
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975:
963:. Retrieved
959:
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920:. Retrieved
899:
890:
867:. Retrieved
852:
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833:. Retrieved
818:
806:. Retrieved
797:
788:
769:Wild Westing
759:Neerchokikoo
745:Music portal
721:
712:
707:
704:down strokes
703:
699:
695:
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645:Hoop Dancers
630:
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513:Jingle Dress
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318:Yellowhammer
307:
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282:Head dancers
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239:adding to it
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156:Organization
145:Great Plains
140:
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121:Narragansett
116:
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84:
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36:
2911:Celebration
2747:Hindu music
2393:Philippines
2378:Netherlands
2368:Middle East
1920:Table dance
1885:Go go dance
1865:Competitive
1640:Ribbon work
1519:Mudjekeewis
1474:Elbow witch
1427:Clan system
1408:Anishinaabe
1291:Works cited
1230:, p.85-86.
1162:, p.85-89.
1123:October 25,
536:Gourd Dance
507:Fancy Shawl
466:Grass Dance
449:Fancy Dance
424:round dance
420:intertribal
405:Seattle, WA
393:Spokane, WA
343:dance arena
293:grand entry
289:Gourd Dance
166:Seattle, WA
67:Pow-Wow in
2948:Categories
2819:Sufi music
2460:Uzbekistan
2228:Azerbaijan
2137:Musicality
2105:Connection
2062:Postmodern
2032:Historical
1915:Striptease
1910:Pole dance
1860:Ceremonial
1815:slow dance
1612:Potawatomi
1592:Algonquian
1469:Drumkeeper
1459:Deer Woman
780:References
708:hard beats
600:host drum,
571:, pow wow
179:university
2896:Crow Fair
2622:festivals
2465:Venezuela
2428:Sri Lanka
2423:Singapore
2383:Nicaragua
2313:Indonesia
2218:Australia
2087:Technique
1985:formation
1900:Lap dance
1655:Education
1635:Quillwork
1584:Languages
1549:Shingebis
1539:Pukwudgie
1524:Nanabozho
956:"Pow Wow"
755:, Germany
655:, tones,
627:Etiquette
605:seconding
525:owl dance
353:Etiquette
324:The event
195:committee
185:Committee
115:The word
2974:Pow wows
2883:Pow wows
2480:Zimbabwe
2433:Thailand
2358:Malaysia
2343:Kiribati
2253:Cameroon
2248:Cambodia
2238:Bulgaria
2213:Assyrian
2182:national
2177:Regional
2157:Spotting
2152:Sequence
2130:glossary
2077:Two-step
2022:Flamenco
2007:Breaking
2002:Boogaloo
1980:Ballroom
1925:Twerking
1890:Grinding
1875:Ecstatic
1437:Religion
1362:Pow wows
1275:, p.86.
1117:Archived
1089:Archived
1033:Archived
1012:Archived
988:Archived
965:June 12,
922:April 5,
913:Archived
835:July 20,
829:Archived
802:Archived
794:"Powwow"
764:Potlatch
731:See also
724:falsetto
700:seconded
673:language
669:AIM Song
665:vocables
589:Drumming
557:Maryland
521:two step
428:crow hop
414:and the
2490:Related
2470:Vietnam
2443:Ukraine
2353:Kurdish
2323:Ireland
2303:Hungary
2293:Georgia
2278:Denmark
2268:Croatia
2233:Belarus
2223:Austria
2208:Armenia
2198:Albania
2162:Turnout
2047:Lyrical
2027:Hip-hop
1870:Concert
1795:Partner
1764:Outline
1698:Housing
1574:Wendigo
1529:Nokomis
1504:Manitou
1449:Aayaase
1411:culture
696:led off
692:pushups
653:Rhythms
636:Singing
484:Women's
362:Opening
316:, and
191:college
175:college
111:History
85:pow-wow
81:pow wow
69:Wendake
57:Montana
47:Pow-wow
18:Pow wow
2438:Turkey
2418:Serbia
2413:Russia
2408:Romani
2398:Poland
2363:Mexico
2328:Israel
2298:Greece
2283:Europe
2258:Canada
2193:Africa
2184:dances
2142:Pointe
2115:Graham
2095:Ballet
2052:Modern
1975:Ballet
1962:Styles
1947:Street
1942:Sacred
1880:Erotic
1852:Social
1840:square
1825:contra
1820:circle
1706:Wigwam
1645:Wampum
1602:Ojibwe
1534:Powwow
1454:Baykok
1419:Family
1341:
1326:
1306:779841
1304:
1279:
1255:
1234:
1187:
1166:
1145:
860:
582:Dances
569:tribes
565:genres
559:, 2007
412:Canada
395:, 2007
383:Dances
125:powwaw
117:powwow
105:powwow
79:(also
77:powwow
59:, 2007
2373:Nepal
2348:Korea
2338:Japan
2333:Italy
2308:India
2263:China
2167:Turns
2125:Moves
2067:Swing
2057:Polka
2042:Latin
1997:Belly
1990:waltz
1835:round
1759:Index
1748:Dance
1302:JSTOR
916:(PDF)
909:(PDF)
715:, or
661:moves
657:pitch
573:music
547:Music
540:Kiowa
452:back.
443:Men's
329:Setup
202:Staff
141:Pawau
133:Pawaw
129:Powaw
123:word
45:Omaha
2388:Peru
2318:Iran
2273:Cuba
2203:Arab
2147:Pole
2037:Jazz
1970:Acro
1932:Folk
1830:line
1790:Solo
1339:ISBN
1324:ISBN
1277:ISBN
1253:ISBN
1232:ISBN
1185:ISBN
1164:ISBN
1143:ISBN
1125:2021
1072:2016
1041:2013
967:2024
960:NHBP
924:2023
871:2018
858:ISBN
837:2014
810:2022
717:coda
713:tail
686:The
523:and
270:The
168:2007
139:and
91:and
2072:Tap
1952:War
1622:Art
1007:; "
706:or
241:.
177:or
83:or
2950::
1439:,
1337:.
1264:^
1141:.
1115:.
1111:.
1100:^
1058:.
983:;
958:.
947:^
911:.
879:^
800:.
796:.
675:.
585:.
426:;
320:.
312:,
135:,
131:,
75:A
2612:e
2605:t
2598:v
2186:)
2180:(
1740:e
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969:.
926:.
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812:.
248:)
244:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
