252:. Oral history accounts suggest Poundmaker went to the fort to speak with the Indian agent, Rae, and reaffirm his loyalty to the Queen after a murder at the nearby Mosquito Reserve; however, the people of Battleford and some of the settlers in the surrounding area, hearing reports of large numbers of Cree and Assiniboine leaving reserves and making their way to Battleford, feared for their safety. On the night of 30 March 1885, the townspeople began to abandon the town and seek shelter in the North-West Mounted Police
411:, having bonuses related to trade and diplomacy. His appearance in the game drew criticism from some members of the Poundmaker Cree Nation, who felt that, by being included in a game based around expansion and conquest, his values and those of the Cree were misrepresented, and criticized the company for not formally approaching community elders, though they also acknowledged his positive portrayal, and hoped his inclusion in the game would help his, at the time ongoing, exoneration by publicizing his figure.
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Captain Nash, forty men; twenty men of the Guards under
Lieutenant Gray and Queen’s Own Rifles Ambulance Corps; Surgeon Lesslie; Sergeant Fere and eight men; Colonel Otter in command; and Colonel Herchmer, Surgeon Strange, Captain Mutton and Lieutenant Sears on the Staff. Hume Cronyn, E. C. Acheson, and Blakely of "K", McLennan and Prior of "T", Farin Wallace and Grierson of "H", Fraser and A. J. Boyd of "F" is attached to No. 1.
48:
256:. When Poundmaker and his party reached the town, the Indian agent refused to come out of the fort to meet with them. He kept them waiting for two days. Telegrams sent by those barricaded in the fort indicated they believed it was an attack, but Peter Ballantyne exited the fort and, acting as a spy, checked Poundmaker's plans and found his intentions peaceful.
284:
After six hours of inconclusive skirmishing and suffering casualties, Otter ordered the withdrawal. As his force retreated, Poundmaker, who had not taken part in the fight, coaxed his band's fighters not to pursue the soldiers. Likely, his actions prevented the loss of many lives on both sides as the
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resembled a huge corral with walls covered by the leaves of thick bushes. Usually herds of buffalo were stampeded into this trap. But sometimes buffalo were drawn in by a person such as Pîhtokahanapiwiyin, who according to tradition was gifted by spirit helpers, singing and drumming a special song to
377:
In part he said: "The
Government of Canada recognizes that Chief Poundmaker was not a criminal, but someone who worked tirelessly to ensure the survival of his people, and hold the Crown accountable to its obligations as laid out in Treaty 6. We recognize that the unjust conviction and imprisonment
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Looting of the abandoned buildings of the town took place, but the identity of the looters is disputed. Some reports claimed
Poundmaker's people were responsible, but one observer alleged that most of the looting had already been done by whites. White witness oral history suggests daily looting by
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About 4 P.M. the column starts. Our force is eight scouts; sixty
Mounted Police under Captain Neale; "B" Battery, eighty men under Major Short; "C" School, forty-five men under Lieutenant Wadmore, No. 1 Company, Queen's Own Rifles, under Captain Brown, fifty-five men; Battleford Rifles, under
147:, his band was attacked by Canadian troops and a battle ensued. After the rebellion was suppressed, he surrendered and was convicted of treason and imprisoned. He died of illness soon after his release. In May 2019, Canadian Prime Minister
334:
Everything that is bad has been laid against me this summer, there is nothing of it true ... Had I wanted war, I would not be here now. I should be on the prairie. You did not catch me. I gave myself up. You have got me because I wanted
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active pursuit of the fleeing force would have prolonged the conflict as serious countermeasures would have been put into use to cover the retreat, and the Cree would likely have killed many as the soldiers made their retreat.
230:, had adopted Poundmaker thereby increasing the latter's influence. This move also cemented the ties between the Blackfoot and the Cree, which successfully stopped the struggling over the now very scarce buffalo.
204:. Following the death of his parents, Poundmaker, his brother (Yellow Mud Blanket), and his younger sister, were all raised by their mother's Cree community, led by Chief Wuttunee, later known as the
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Prime
Minister Justin Trudeau spoke to members of the Poundmaker Cree Nation and others gathered at Cut Knife Hill, on 23 May 2019 to exonerate Poundmaker and clear his memory.
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343:, Poundmaker's hair was not cut in prison, and he served only seven months. Nonetheless, his stay there devastated his health and led to his death (from a lung
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A few weeks later, after Riel's defeat at
Batoche, Poundmaker and his starving band went to Battleford to make peace with Major-General Middleton.
264:, and that Poundmaker did his best to stop it. Either way, Poundmaker's people left the next day, to establish an encampment at Cut Knife Hill.
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216:. Poundmaker was not opposed to the idea of a treaty, but became critical of the Canadian government's failures to live up to its promises.
275:. Lieutenant R.S. Cassels, attached to the command of the "C" School, a military division of the troops under Otter, stated the following:
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The shortage of bison left
Poundmaker's people desperately famished, and in 1885, they traveled south to
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and split off to form his own band. In 1881, the band settled on a reserve about 40 km northwest of
20:
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Pîhtokahanapiwiyin, referred to by his anglicised name
Poundmaker, appears as the leader of the Cree in
140:. His name denotes his special craft at leading buffalo into buffalo pounds (enclosures) for harvest.
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of Chief
Poundmaker had, and continues to have, a profound impact on the Poundmaker Cree Nation."
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649:"Chief Poundmaker, wrongly convicted of treason-felony in 1885, to be exonerated by Trudeau"
428:"Chief Poundmaker, wrongly convicted of treason-felony in 1885, to be exonerated by Trudeau"
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Reminiscences of a Bungle by One of the
Bunglers: And Two Other Northwest Rebellion Diaries
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Trudeau's statement of exoneration is being co-developed with Poundmaker Cree Nation.
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Trudeau's statement of exoneration is being co-developed with Poundmaker Cree Nation.
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675:"Poundmaker Cree Nation not happy with chief's portrayal in Civilization video game"
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On 2 May 1885, a military force of 332 Canadian troops, led by Lieutenant-Colonel
208:. In his adult life, Poundmaker gained prominence during the 1876 negotiations of
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354:, but his remains were exhumed in 1967, and reburied on the Poundmaker Reserve,
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327:. He said to Riel, "You did not catch me, I gave myself up. I wanted peace."
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The Plains Cree: An Ethnographic, Historical, and Comparative Study
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629:(speech transcript). Prime Minister Justin Trudeau. 23 May 2019
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entice a lead buffalo cow to lead her herd into the enclosure.
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544:
Sweet Promises: A Reader on Indian White Relations in Canada
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Stonechild, Blair. "An Indian View of the 1885 Uprising" in
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chief known as a peacemaker and defender of his people, the
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This article is about the Cree headman. For other uses, see
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Indians. Native tradition suggests the looting was done by
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37:
715:
CBC article "Photos of Cree chief surface" (broken link)
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Robert Jefferson, Fifty Years on the Saskatchewan, 127
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and reburial were donated to the Allen Sapp museum in
765:Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada)
559:. Edmonton: The University of Alberta Press, 150.
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604:Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online (2000).
627:"Statement of Exoneration for Chief Poundmaker"
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319:bearing his name, Poundmaker was convicted of
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339:Because of the power of his adopted father,
594:Canada, Sessional Papers, 1886, No. 52, 336
330:At his trial, he is reported to have said:
151:exonerated the chief and apologized to the
770:People convicted of treason against Canada
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350:He was buried at Blackfoot Crossing near
323:in 1885 and sentenced to three years in
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709:Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
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755:Pre-Confederation Saskatchewan people
402:, actor, both lived on this reserve.
398:, Cree leader, and great-grandnephew
572:. Turner-Warwick Publications, 1987.
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315:On the basis of a letter written by
312:, Poundmaker surrendered on May 26.
128:– 4 July 1886), also known as
91:4 July 1886 (aged 43–44)
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760:Indigenous leaders in Saskatchewan
750:People of the North-West Rebellion
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271:, attacked Poundmaker's camp near
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196:medicine man, and a mixed-blood
163:According to Cree tradition, or
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702:Pîhtokahanapiwiyin (Poundmaker)
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452:Mandelbaum, David G. (1940).
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347:) in 1886, at the age of 44.
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583:Readings in Canadian History
555:Mcleod, R. C. (Ed.) (1983).
522:Readings in Canadian History
492:Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan
390:continues to this day, near
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408:Sid Meier's Civilization VI
325:Stony Mountain Penitentiary
200:woman, the sister of Chief
21:Poundmaker (disambiguation)
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292:Surrender, trial and death
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456:. New York: Aims Pr Inc.
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308:'s actions and defeat at
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300:Poundmaker and his wife
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52:Chief Poundmaker (1885)
570:Footprints in the Dust
388:Poundmaker Cree Nation
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138:Poundmaker Cree Nation
102:North-West Territories
486:Thompson, Christian.
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82:British North America
496:University of Regina
358:. Pictures from the
269:William Dillon Otter
240:North-West Rebellion
234:North-West Rebellion
145:North-West Rebellion
143:In 1885, during the
546:, J. R. Miller (ed)
244:Battle of Cut Knife
188:, near present-day
568:Light, Douglas W.
502:on 19 October 2017
394:. His grandnephew
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119:Pîhtokahanapiwiyin
94:Blackfoot Crossing
61:Pîhtokahanapiwiyin
707:Biography at the
651:. CBC. 7 May 2019
463:978-0-404-15626-8
430:. CBC. 7 May 2019
352:Gleichen, Alberta
304:With the news of
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370:Exoneration
194:Assiniboine
134:Plains Cree
126: 1842
724:Categories
415:References
360:exhumation
345:hemorrhage
317:Louis Riel
306:Louis Riel
250:Battleford
202:Mistawasis
190:Battleford
130:Poundmaker
112:Sikakwayan
74:Battleford
31:Poundmaker
611:8 January
392:Cut Knife
225:Blackfoot
219:In 1873,
180:Biography
341:Crowfoot
335:justice.
221:Crowfoot
210:Treaty 6
132:, was a
104:, Canada
684:6 April
633:4 April
321:treason
310:Batoche
169:buffalo
98:Alberta
65: (
40:headman
506:2 July
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382:Legacy
109:Father
655:8 May
434:8 May
72:near
686:2021
657:2019
635:2021
613:2007
508:2018
458:ISBN
436:2019
386:The
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198:Cree
159:Name
88:Died
67:1842
63:1842
58:Born
38:Cree
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