85:
98:
264:
201:
137:
246:
230:
183:
167:
111:
255:
192:
124:
645:" Later, liaison officer von Bayer arrived in the area, made contact with Congolese troops who, according to von Bayer, said the following: 'The local population here took care of the British and Swedish bodies. They ate them. We apologize for this.' When von Bayer consulted higher-ranking officials in the UN hierarchy about how to report this, he was ordered to omit the information about cannibalism.
643:
onto a path leading into a forest. There, they were shot. The
Britons and two of the three Swedish soldiers were killed immediately. The third Swedish soldier managed to escape, hiding in the jungle, and was rescued the next day by UN troops. In the following days, the area was searched. There was no trace of the bodies.
636:, the incident was quickly suppressed by the UN. Those who were aware of it were placed under secrecy. 'Missing in action' was the message the families of the two soldiers in Sweden received. von Bayer, served as a liaison officer and interpreter in the Congo. His documentation fills five large boxes in the
642:
Port
Francqui, Congo, April 28, 1961. Three British officers belonging to the so-called Ghana Battalion and three Swedish soldiers, responsible for transportation and movements, were attacked by the Congolese national army. The Swedish soldiers, all 28 years old, and the British officers were dragged
581:
On April 28, 1961, the
Ghanaian Brigade from Luluabourg encountered one of the illegal ANC roadblocks, and unaware of the situation, fire was exchanged around 8AM. Ghanaian Private Bemoba was killed while three other Ghanaians were wounded. ANC Sergeant-Major Sangapai and Corporal Bayenga-Nwizi were
559:
Lieutenant Carl
Wilhelm Böttiger and sergeants Egon Åberg and Lars Liedgren, between 20 and 25 Ghanaian soldiers with doctors of various nationality. Between 65 and 70 other Ghanaian soldiers were dispersed in 6 different places around town. The ANC arrived to complain about the speech, where they
585:
The ANC now felt they were under attack by the UN, and determined to attack the Port
Francqui garrison. The British and Swedish officers were taken prisoner and marched to the jungle. Officer Liedgren was forced to walk into the bush, where he was gunned down by the ANC. Next sergeant Ă…berg was
586:
ordered into the bush, however the ANC rifle jammed, and he was ordered to flee by
Captain Ralph, which he did while under fire. While Åberg got away, Ralph, Brown and Böttiger were executed, and their bodies thrown into a nearby river.
1277:
1347:
1270:
625:, the chief of staff of the Ghanaian Army, attributed the affair to the UN officers' inexperience and the UN's insistence on using persuasion with factions in the Congo instead of armed force. Ghanaian President
1340:
1333:
1326:
1319:
1312:
1305:
550:
Wafwana was escorted by the UN to the HĂ´tel des Palmes in order to avoid roadblocks the ANC had illegally set up in the area, something the local UN forces had tolerated. HĂ´tel des Palmes was staffed by
1937:
629:
rejected this explanation and instead said that it was
Alexander's "duty to see that Ghanaian troops were not placed in the kind of impossible position they found themselves in at Port Francqui".
1263:
560:
captured the
Swedish and British Officers, who were beaten, before a Swedish doctor persuaded the ANC to release them. There were also reports that a Swedish Officer had hoisted a
1927:
1932:
1510:
1573:
1907:
1450:
1559:
1552:
1354:
1008:
661:
1190:
1783:
431:
1222:
1457:
835:
544:
505:
1169:
1078:
562:
295:
1183:
1176:
1204:
589:
Concurrently, the ANC attacked the
Ghanaian forces of Port Francqui, who were scattered about in poor defensive positions and armed with obsolete
1517:
1432:
1298:
1291:
1284:
976:
649:
573:
received a report of this incident, and two platoons and a reconnaissance contingent were transferred to Port
Francqui as a relief force.
1197:
1871:
89:
57:
288:
1839:
1673:
1162:
945:
540:
468:
349:
102:
613:, resulting in a massacre where roughly 43 Ghanaians were either killed or drowned attempting to escape in a nearby river.
1922:
969:
766:
697:
281:
816:
1400:
1256:
1249:
84:
1545:
848:
621:
The UN launched an investigation into the incident, determining it had been caused by Wafwana's speech. General
1801:
1598:
1242:
719:
445:
473:
1629:
962:
865:
317:
1853:
1846:
478:
637:
509:
1912:
1664:
687:
342:
795:
1917:
904:
1878:
1531:
1478:
1655:
1379:
1112:
622:
594:
335:
1774:
1719:
859:
602:
424:
383:
1902:
1821:
1792:
1130:
520:
438:
8:
1728:
1703:
1680:
390:
371:
354:
1029:
1605:
1050:
1022:
941:
843:
693:
598:
590:
1710:
1696:
1641:
1425:
1393:
1064:
1043:
734:
376:
366:
325:
1092:
1810:
1767:
1760:
1753:
1566:
1144:
1057:
452:
419:
414:
409:
1737:
1524:
1503:
1036:
1015:
1001:
633:
552:
397:
263:
200:
142:
97:
738:
1896:
1689:
1471:
1071:
626:
532:
361:
1591:
1538:
1464:
1418:
985:
954:
836:"Ghana's experiences in peace operations and contingent weapons management"
501:
305:
30:
1648:
1386:
1137:
330:
1496:
720:"Intelligence and Peacekeeping: The UN Operation in the Congo 1960–64"
909:
938:
White Malice : The CIA and the Covert Recolonization of Africa
1085:
570:
1938:
20th-century mass murder in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
767:"410/1 - Project Yellow Knife - Port Francqui Incident - UNARMS"
610:
556:
531:
On April 26, 1961, Minister of Interior of Luluabourg Province
273:
254:
191:
129:
606:
536:
513:
245:
229:
182:
166:
116:
53:
648:
It remains the largest loss of life Ghana has suffered from
689:
Peacekeeping Intelligence: Emerging Concepts for the Future
884:
506:
Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (ANC)
662:
List of massacres in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
566:(BCK) flag on the hotel, which further angered the ANC.
539:, where he made a public speech threatening to have the
1928:
Democratic Republic of the Congo and the United Nations
872:
907:[Swedish soldiers were eaten in the Congo].
563:Compagnie du chemin de fer du bas-Congo au Katanga
1908:Massacres in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
718:Dorn, A. Walter; Bell, David J.H. (Spring 1995).
1933:Democratic Republic of the Congo–Ghana relations
1894:
796:"486/11/ORD - Losses at Port Francqui - UNARMS"
569:On April 27, the Ghanaian Brigade stationed at
970:
289:
984:
605:whereas the ANC were armed with more modern
519:It resulted in the largest loss of life the
811:
809:
977:
963:
640:in Stockholm. Major von Bayer's account: "
296:
282:
834:Kusi, Brig-Gen. Benjamin (October 2017).
1145:Armée Populaire de Libération ("Simbas")
935:
890:
878:
806:
717:
692:. OSS International Press. p. 271.
1271:White Legion (Compagnie Internationale)
902:
523:have ever suffered while peacekeeping.
1895:
713:
711:
709:
681:
679:
677:
1840:Dissolution of the Lumumba Government
1163:United Nations Operation in the Congo
958:
790:
788:
786:
784:
782:
780:
761:
759:
757:
755:
469:Dissolution of the Lumumba Government
277:
833:
685:
650:United Nations peacekeeping missions
555:Captain Ralph and Lieutenant Brown,
1872:Belgian general strike of 1960–1961
903:Hedlund, Ingvar (27 October 2004).
706:
674:
13:
905:"Svenska soldater ĂĄts upp i Kongo"
821:royalleicestershireregiment.org.uk
777:
752:
14:
1949:
1264:6th Commando Battalion (Belgium)
1257:4th Commando Battalion (Belgium)
1250:2nd Commando Battalion (Belgium)
1113:Armée Nationale Congolaise (ANC)
303:
262:
253:
244:
228:
199:
190:
181:
165:
135:
122:
109:
96:
83:
817:"Royal Leicestershire Regiment"
1847:Torture and killing of Lumumba
929:
896:
827:
508:forces engaged in combat with
474:Torture and killing of Lumumba
1:
667:
500:, was an incident during the
616:
173:1 reconnaissance detachment
7:
940:. New York: PublicAffairs.
847:. pp. 44-45. Archived from
655:
638:Military Archives of Sweden
576:
10:
1954:
727:International Peacekeeping
526:
1923:Military history of Ghana
1863:
1854:Death of Dag Hammarskjöld
1831:
1619:
1583:
1488:
1442:
1410:
1371:
1364:
1232:
1214:
1154:
1122:
1102:
993:
739:10.1080/13533319508413535
479:Death of Dag Hammarskjöld
313:
209:
150:
76:
36:
28:
23:
1879:Decolonisation of Africa
1532:Hubert Fauntleroy Julian
1205:Ghana, Nigeria and Egypt
936:Williams, Susan (2021).
864:: CS1 maint: location (
591:No. 4 Lee-Enfield rifles
16:Congolese massacre event
1630:Force Publique mutinies
1599:William "Rip" Robertson
1355:Cuban Exile Naval Force
1009:Egide Bocheley-Davidson
623:Henry Templer Alexander
603:Bren light machine guns
318:Force Publique mutinies
1745:Port Francqui incident
800:search.archives.un.org
771:search.archives.un.org
498:Port Francqui massacre
494:Port Francqui incident
403:Port Francqui incident
24:Port Francqui incident
1822:Stanleyville mutinies
1451:Jean-Marie Crèvecoeur
1348:211th Makasi Squadron
1131:Katangese Gendarmerie
686:Jong, Ben De (2003).
521:Ghanaian Armed Forces
210:Casualties and losses
58:Republic of the Congo
1803:Violettes Imperiales
1426:Joseph-Désiré Mobutu
1380:Conor Cruise O'Brien
1278:5 Mechanised Brigade
1065:Joseph-Désiré Mobutu
496:, also known as the
447:Violettes Imperiales
1479:Frédéric Vandewalle
893:, pp. 431–432.
632:According to Major
1832:Other major events
1665:Congo-Stanleyville
1138:South Kasai forces
599:M3 submachine guns
543:forces disarm the
463:Other major events
343:Congo-Stanleyville
1913:Conflicts in 1961
1888:
1887:
1620:Main operations /
1615:
1614:
1243:White mercenaries
1105:government forces
1023:Christophe Gbenye
994:Political leaders
947:978-1-5417-6829-1
854:on July 14, 2019.
844:Small Arms Survey
512:, primarily from
487:
486:
322:Secession crisis
272:
271:
72:
71:
1945:
1918:Combat incidents
1881:
1874:
1856:
1849:
1842:
1824:
1815:
1806:
1797:
1788:
1779:
1770:
1763:
1756:
1747:
1740:
1733:
1722:
1715:
1706:
1699:
1697:Battle of Kabalo
1692:
1685:
1676:
1667:
1658:
1651:
1644:
1637:
1636:Secession crisis
1632:
1608:
1601:
1594:
1576:
1569:
1562:
1555:
1548:
1546:Siegfried MĂĽller
1541:
1534:
1527:
1520:
1513:
1506:
1499:
1481:
1474:
1467:
1460:
1458:Jules Crèvecoeur
1453:
1435:
1428:
1421:
1403:
1396:
1394:Dewan Prem Chand
1389:
1382:
1369:
1368:
1357:
1350:
1343:
1336:
1329:
1322:
1315:
1308:
1301:
1294:
1287:
1280:
1273:
1266:
1259:
1252:
1245:
1225:
1207:
1200:
1193:
1186:
1179:
1172:
1165:
1147:
1140:
1133:
1115:
1095:
1088:
1081:
1079:Gaston Soumialot
1074:
1067:
1060:
1053:
1046:
1044:Joseph Kasa-Vubu
1039:
1032:
1030:Dag Hammarskjöld
1025:
1018:
1011:
1004:
979:
972:
965:
956:
955:
951:
923:
922:
920:
918:
900:
894:
888:
882:
876:
870:
869:
863:
855:
853:
840:
831:
825:
824:
813:
804:
803:
792:
775:
774:
763:
750:
749:
747:
745:
724:
715:
704:
703:
683:
367:Battle of Kabalo
308:
298:
291:
284:
275:
274:
267:
266:
258:
257:
249:
248:
233:
232:
204:
203:
195:
194:
186:
185:
170:
169:
141:
139:
138:
128:
126:
125:
115:
113:
112:
101:
100:
88:
87:
38:
37:
21:
20:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1943:
1942:
1893:
1892:
1889:
1884:
1877:
1870:
1859:
1852:
1845:
1838:
1827:
1820:
1809:
1800:
1791:
1782:
1773:
1768:Simba rebellion
1766:
1761:Kwilu rebellion
1759:
1754:Kanyarwanda War
1752:
1743:
1736:
1727:
1718:
1709:
1702:
1695:
1688:
1679:
1674:UN intervention
1672:
1663:
1654:
1647:
1640:
1635:
1628:
1621:
1611:
1604:
1597:
1590:
1579:
1572:
1567:Roger Trinquier
1565:
1558:
1551:
1544:
1537:
1530:
1523:
1516:
1511:Charles Gardien
1509:
1502:
1495:
1484:
1477:
1470:
1463:
1456:
1449:
1438:
1431:
1424:
1417:
1406:
1399:
1392:
1385:
1378:
1360:
1353:
1346:
1339:
1332:
1325:
1318:
1311:
1304:
1297:
1290:
1283:
1276:
1269:
1262:
1255:
1248:
1241:
1235:mercenary units
1234:
1228:
1221:
1210:
1203:
1196:
1189:
1182:
1175:
1168:
1161:
1150:
1143:
1136:
1129:
1118:
1111:
1104:
1098:
1091:
1084:
1077:
1070:
1063:
1058:Patrice Lumumba
1056:
1049:
1042:
1035:
1028:
1021:
1014:
1007:
1000:
989:
983:
948:
932:
927:
926:
916:
914:
901:
897:
889:
885:
877:
873:
857:
856:
851:
838:
832:
828:
815:
814:
807:
794:
793:
778:
765:
764:
753:
743:
741:
722:
716:
707:
700:
684:
675:
670:
658:
619:
579:
529:
510:UN peacekeepers
490:
489:
488:
483:
420:Simba rebellion
415:Kwilu rebellion
410:Kanyarwanda War
350:UN intervention
309:
304:
302:
261:
260:
252:
251:
243:
242:
238:
235:
227:
226:
218:
198:
197:
189:
188:
180:
179:
175:
172:
164:
163:
136:
134:
123:
121:
110:
108:
95:
82:
60:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1951:
1941:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1875:
1867:
1865:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1857:
1850:
1843:
1835:
1833:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1825:
1818:
1817:
1816:
1807:
1798:
1789:
1780:
1764:
1757:
1750:
1749:
1748:
1741:
1738:Kindu atrocity
1734:
1725:
1724:
1723:
1707:
1700:
1693:
1686:
1670:
1669:
1668:
1661:
1660:
1659:
1645:
1633:
1625:
1623:
1617:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1609:
1602:
1595:
1587:
1585:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1577:
1574:Hugh van Oppen
1570:
1563:
1556:
1549:
1542:
1535:
1528:
1521:
1514:
1507:
1504:Roger Faulques
1500:
1492:
1490:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1482:
1475:
1468:
1461:
1454:
1446:
1444:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1436:
1429:
1422:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1404:
1397:
1390:
1383:
1375:
1373:
1372:United Nations
1366:
1362:
1361:
1359:
1358:
1351:
1344:
1337:
1330:
1323:
1316:
1309:
1302:
1295:
1288:
1281:
1274:
1267:
1260:
1253:
1246:
1238:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1226:
1218:
1216:
1215:Other entities
1212:
1211:
1209:
1208:
1201:
1194:
1187:
1180:
1173:
1166:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1151:
1149:
1148:
1141:
1134:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1116:
1108:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1096:
1089:
1082:
1075:
1068:
1061:
1054:
1047:
1040:
1037:Albert Kalonji
1033:
1026:
1019:
1016:Gaston Eyskens
1012:
1005:
1002:Cyrille Adoula
997:
995:
991:
990:
982:
981:
974:
967:
959:
953:
952:
946:
931:
928:
925:
924:
895:
883:
881:, p. 431.
871:
826:
805:
776:
751:
705:
698:
672:
671:
669:
666:
665:
664:
657:
654:
634:Stig von Bayer
618:
615:
578:
575:
528:
525:
485:
484:
482:
481:
476:
471:
460:
459:
458:
457:
450:
443:
436:
429:
417:
412:
407:
406:
405:
400:
398:Kindu atrocity
395:
388:
387:
386:
374:
369:
364:
359:
347:
346:
345:
340:
339:
338:
328:
320:
314:
311:
310:
301:
300:
293:
286:
278:
270:
269:
240:Port Francqui:
220:
212:
211:
207:
206:
177:Port Francqui:
157:
153:
152:
148:
147:
146:
145:
143:United Kingdom
132:
119:
92:
79:
78:
74:
73:
70:
69:
66:
62:
61:
52:
50:
46:
45:
44:April 28, 1961
42:
34:
33:
26:
25:
19:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1950:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1891:
1880:
1876:
1873:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1862:
1855:
1851:
1848:
1844:
1841:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1830:
1823:
1819:
1814:
1813:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1799:
1796:
1795:
1790:
1787:
1786:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1765:
1762:
1758:
1755:
1751:
1746:
1742:
1739:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1713:
1708:
1705:
1701:
1698:
1694:
1691:
1690:Niemba ambush
1687:
1684:
1683:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1671:
1666:
1662:
1657:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1646:
1643:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1631:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1618:
1607:
1603:
1600:
1596:
1593:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1582:
1575:
1571:
1568:
1564:
1561:
1557:
1554:
1550:
1547:
1543:
1540:
1536:
1533:
1529:
1526:
1522:
1519:
1515:
1512:
1508:
1505:
1501:
1498:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1487:
1480:
1476:
1473:
1472:Jean Schramme
1469:
1466:
1462:
1459:
1455:
1452:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1441:
1434:
1430:
1427:
1423:
1420:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1409:
1402:
1398:
1395:
1391:
1388:
1384:
1381:
1377:
1376:
1374:
1370:
1367:
1363:
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583:
582:both killed.
574:
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1903:Congo Crisis
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1776:Dragon Rouge
1775:
1744:
1729:
1720:Camp Massart
1711:
1681:
1592:Larry Devlin
1539:Jack Malloch
1518:Hans Germani
1465:Marc Goosens
1433:Norbert Moke
1419:Louis Bobozo
1123:Rebel forces
1051:Théo Lefèvre
986:Congo Crisis
937:
915:. Retrieved
913:(in Swedish)
908:
898:
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874:
849:the original
842:
829:
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770:
744:December 20,
742:. Retrieved
730:
726:
688:
647:
641:
631:
620:
588:
584:
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549:
535:traveled to
530:
518:
504:where rogue
502:Congo Crisis
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426:Dragon Rouge
425:
402:
391:
384:Camp Massart
377:
355:
306:Congo Crisis
239:
223:
222:
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176:
160:
159:
94:
77:Belligerents
31:Congo Crisis
29:Part of the
1794:White Giant
1785:Dragon Noir
1649:South Kasai
1606:Che Guevara
1560:Jerry Puren
1553:John Peters
1401:Pat Quinlan
1387:K.A.S. Raja
1341:15 Commando
1334:14 Commando
1327:13 Commando
1320:12 Commando
1313:11 Commando
988:(1960–1965)
930:Works cited
917:27 February
440:White Giant
433:Dragon Noir
331:South Kasai
68:ANC victory
1897:Categories
1704:Jadotville
1525:Mike Hoare
1497:Bob Denard
1365:Commanders
1306:9 Commando
1299:6 Commando
1292:5 Commando
1285:4 Commando
668:References
571:Luluabourg
372:Jadotville
268:2 executed
259:2 executed
236:3 wounded
224:Roadblock:
216:Roadblock:
171:2 platoons
161:Roadblock:
1730:Grandslam
1682:Rum Punch
1489:Mercenary
1411:Congolese
1233:Belgian /
1103:Congolese
910:Expressen
733:(1): 26.
617:Aftermath
392:Grandslam
356:Rum Punch
250:43 killed
1656:Invasion
1198:Ethiopia
656:See also
595:Sterling
577:Incident
336:Invasion
234:1 killed
219:2 killed
151:Strength
49:Location
1864:Related
1642:Katanga
1622:battles
1443:Belgian
1177:Ireland
1086:U Thant
557:Swedish
553:British
527:Prelude
326:Katanga
156:Unknown
1712:UNOKAT
1184:Sweden
1170:Canada
944:
696:
378:UNOKAT
140:
130:Sweden
127:
114:
65:Result
1812:South
1584:Other
1191:India
852:(PDF)
839:(PDF)
723:(PDF)
607:AK-47
514:Ghana
454:South
117:Ghana
942:ISBN
919:2024
866:link
746:2020
694:ISBN
609:and
601:and
597:and
492:The
103:ONUC
41:Date
1223:CIA
735:doi
545:ANC
90:ANC
1899::
862:}}
858:{{
841:.
819:.
808:^
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729:.
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652:.
593:,
547:.
541:UN
516:.
187:90
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823:.
802:.
773:.
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737::
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283:v
205:2
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
