519:" declared that many people who identified as Polish were in fact "polonized Lithuanians". The rural population was denied the right to leave Lithuania, due to their lack of official pre-war documentation showing Polish citizenship. Contrary to the government's agreement with Poland, many individuals were threatened with either arrest or having to settle outstanding debts if they chose repatriation. Soviet authorities persecuted individuals connected to the Polish resistance (
503:
was considered a historical capital of
Lithuania; however, in the early 20th century its population was around 40% Polish, 30% Jewish and 20% Russian and Belarusian, with only about 2–3% self-declared Lithuanians. The government considered the rural Polish population important to the agricultural
476:
The resettlement of ethnic Poles from
Lithuania saw numerous delays. Local Polish clergy were active in agitating against leaving, and the underground press called those who had registered for repatriation
558:
In: Гісторыя і памяць. XV-XX стст. Матэрыялы міжнароднай навуковай канферэнцыі (Гародня, 9-10 лістапада 2013 г.), / Пад. Рэд. А.К. Краўцэвіча і А.Ф. Смалянчука, Гародня 2014. pp. 304-312.
527:). In the end, about 50% of the 400,000 people registered for relocation were allowed to leave. Political scientist Dovilė Budrytė estimated that about 150,000 people left for Poland.
404:
433:(PKWN). It stipulated the resettlement of ethnic Lithuanians from Poland to Lithuania and of ethnic Poles and Jews who had Polish citizenship before 17 September 1939 (date of the
244:
495:
The
Lithuanian communist party was dominated by a nationalist faction which supported the removal of the Polish intelligentsia, particularly from the highly contested
97:
458:
676:
134:
454:
446:
397:
254:
249:
357:
390:
129:
342:
347:
332:
29:
337:
232:
222:
20:
185:
195:
87:
686:
485:
to Poland. After these hopes vanished, the number of people wanting to leave gradually increased, and they signed papers for the
430:
37:
437:) from Lithuania to Poland, in accordance with the resolutions of the Yalta and Tehran conferences and the plans about the new
282:
102:
64:
237:
107:
555:
463:
543:
217:
212:
654:
613:
586:
163:
112:
658:
617:
515:
and
Lithuanization of the city (80% of the Polish population was removed). Furthermore, the Lithuanian ideology of "
146:
117:
590:
200:
628:
Michael McQueen. "Collaboration as an
Element in the Polish-Lithuanian struggle over Vilnius." Joachim Tauber.
486:
122:
59:
317:
205:
168:
227:
180:
511:
But the government encouraged expulsion of Poles from
Vilnius, and facilitated it. The result was a rapid
681:
438:
151:
175:
92:
489:
434:
524:
516:
367:
377:
158:
139:
504:
economy, and believed those people would be relatively amenable to assimilation policies (
8:
633:
190:
372:
650:
609:
582:
307:
450:
297:
277:
647:
Taming
Nationalism?: Political Community Building in the Post-Soviet Baltic States
556:“Зыход” або перасяленне польскага насельніцтва з Гродна ў Польшчу ў 1944-1946 гг.
302:
287:
574:
505:
496:
482:
426:
292:
54:
670:
579:
The
Reconstruction of Nations: Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus, 1569–1999
520:
442:
481:. Many ethnic Poles hoped that a post-war Peace Conference would assign the
512:
422:
425:(1944-1947) was based on an agreement signed on 9 September 1944 by the
606:
Redrawing
Nations: Ethnic Cleansing in East-Central Europe, 1944–1948
544:"Переселение белорусов из Польши и Полесская область (1944-1947 гг.)"
500:
327:
69:
419:
population exchange between Poland and Soviet
Lithuania
455:
Population exchange between Poland and Soviet Belarus
447:
Population exchange between Poland and Soviet Ukraine
457:); the three documents are commonly known as the
668:
570:
568:
566:
564:
398:
16:Exchange between Poland and Soviet Lithuania
561:
441:. Similar agreements were signed with the
405:
391:
677:Population transfers of Poles (1944–1946)
600:
598:
548:
431:Polish Committee of National Liberation
21:Polish population transfers (1944–1946)
669:
595:
260:Between Poland and Soviet Lithuania
13:
649:, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2005,
608:, Rowman & Littlefield, 2001,
283:German–Soviet population transfers
14:
698:
471:
255:Between Poland and Soviet Belarus
250:Between Poland and Soviet Ukraine
630:"Kollaboration" in Nordosteuropa
98:Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
581:, Yale University Press, 2004,
639:
622:
537:
1:
530:
358:Massive labor force transfers
7:
487:People's Republic of Poland
10:
703:
687:Lithuania–Poland relations
604:Philipp Ther, Ana Siljak,
38:Forced population transfer
18:
490:State Repatriation Office
435:Soviet Invasion of Poland
88:Azerbaijanis from Armenia
525:Polish Underground State
196:Kurds from Transcaucasia
439:Lithuania–Poland border
368:Twenty-five-thousanders
517:Ethnographic Lithuania
429:with the newly-formed
245:Polish and Soviet Jews
591:Google Print, p.91-93
459:Republican Agreements
378:Virgin Lands campaign
659:Google Print, p.147
634:Harrassowitz Verlag
618:Google Print, p.141
103:Chechens and Ingush
40:in the Soviet Union
682:1940s in Lithuania
373:NKVD labor columns
328:POW Administration
65:Forced settlements
492:representatives.
415:
414:
308:Operation Vistula
694:
661:
645:Dovile Budryte,
643:
637:
626:
620:
602:
593:
572:
559:
552:
546:
541:
467:
451:Byelorussian SSR
407:
400:
393:
298:Operation Priboi
278:June deportation
218:Meskhetian Turks
25:
24:
702:
701:
697:
696:
695:
693:
692:
691:
667:
666:
665:
664:
644:
640:
636:. 2006. p. 172.
627:
623:
603:
596:
573:
562:
553:
549:
542:
538:
533:
474:
461:
411:
382:
352:
312:
303:Operation Vesna
288:Operation North
264:
74:
39:
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
700:
690:
689:
684:
679:
663:
662:
638:
621:
594:
575:Timothy Snyder
560:
547:
535:
534:
532:
529:
513:depolonization
506:Lithuanization
499:. The city of
497:Vilnius region
483:Vilnius region
473:
472:Implementation
470:
427:Lithuanian SSR
421:at the end of
413:
412:
410:
409:
402:
395:
387:
384:
383:
381:
380:
375:
370:
364:
361:
360:
354:
353:
351:
350:
345:
340:
335:
330:
324:
321:
320:
318:WWII POW labor
314:
313:
311:
310:
305:
300:
295:
293:Operation Osen
290:
285:
280:
274:
271:
270:
266:
265:
263:
262:
257:
252:
247:
242:
241:
240:
235:
230:
228:NKVD operation
220:
215:
210:
209:
208:
206:NKVD operation
198:
193:
188:
183:
178:
173:
172:
171:
169:NKVD operation
161:
156:
155:
154:
152:NKVD operation
144:
143:
142:
140:NKVD operation
137:
127:
126:
125:
123:NKVD operation
115:
113:Crimean Tatars
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
84:
81:
80:
76:
75:
73:
72:
67:
62:
57:
55:Dekulakization
51:
48:
47:
43:
42:
34:
33:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
699:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
674:
672:
660:
656:
655:0-7546-4281-X
652:
648:
642:
635:
631:
625:
619:
615:
614:0-7425-1094-8
611:
607:
601:
599:
592:
588:
587:0-300-10586-X
584:
580:
576:
571:
569:
567:
565:
557:
554:А. Вялікі A.
551:
545:
540:
536:
528:
526:
522:
521:Armia Krajowa
518:
514:
509:
507:
502:
498:
493:
491:
488:
484:
480:
469:
465:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
443:Ukrainian SSR
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
408:
403:
401:
396:
394:
389:
388:
386:
385:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
365:
363:
362:
359:
356:
355:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
325:
323:
322:
319:
316:
315:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
276:
275:
273:
272:
268:
267:
261:
258:
256:
253:
251:
248:
246:
243:
239:
236:
234:
231:
229:
226:
225:
224:
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
207:
204:
203:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
187:
184:
182:
179:
177:
174:
170:
167:
166:
165:
164:Ingrian Finns
162:
160:
157:
153:
150:
149:
148:
145:
141:
138:
136:
133:
132:
131:
128:
124:
121:
120:
119:
116:
114:
111:
109:
106:
104:
101:
99:
96:
94:
91:
89:
86:
85:
83:
82:
78:
77:
71:
68:
66:
63:
61:
58:
56:
53:
52:
50:
49:
45:
44:
41:
36:
35:
31:
27:
26:
22:
646:
641:
629:
624:
605:
578:
550:
539:
510:
494:
478:
475:
423:World War II
418:
416:
259:
135:from Romania
462: [
213:Lithuanians
671:Categories
531:References
449:) and the
343:Hungarians
269:Operations
159:Harbinites
60:Evacuation
19:See also:
348:Romanians
238:1955–1959
233:1944–1946
181:Karachays
118:Estonians
479:traitors
333:Japanese
201:Latvians
46:Policies
30:a series
28:Part of
501:Vilnius
338:Germans
186:Koreans
176:Kalmyks
130:Germans
108:Chinese
93:Balkars
79:Peoples
653:
612:
585:
191:Kumyks
147:Greeks
466:]
453:(see
445:(see
223:Poles
70:Gulag
651:ISBN
610:ISBN
583:ISBN
523:and
417:The
508:).
673::
657:,
632:.
616:,
597:^
589:,
577:,
563:^
468:.
464:pl
32:on
406:e
399:t
392:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.