274:
335:
319:
1712:
630:
33:
737:
1700:
1895:
572:
942:(IDF) occupied Sidon, the PNO/NLA re-formed in the wake of the Israeli pull-out from southern Lebanon in March–April 1985, and fought alongside the
2007:
2001:
1678:
50:
1566:
2129:
2025:
772:
17:
1454:
Identités et solidarités croisées dans les conflits du Liban contemporain; Chapitre 12: L'économie politique des milices: le phénomène mafieux
1448:
1099:
Identités et solidarités croisées dans les conflits du Liban contemporain; Chapitre 12: L'économie politique des milices: le phénomène mafieux
2013:
1025:
959:
947:
668:
446:
97:
1877:
1779:
1055:
518:
513:
69:
2114:
2031:
76:
2109:
1060:
1693:
1565:, American University of Beirut, Institute of Financial Economics, Lecture and Working Paper Series (2003 No.3), pp. 1–53. –
2124:
2099:
610:
83:
1370:
1112:
592:
588:
641:
2134:
1633:
1596:
1505:
1402:
1040:
2119:
2104:
1716:
1519:
552:
289:
65:
1686:
791:, in order to protect his business interests in the Sidon area. A small but disciplinated fighting force, predominately
508:
1671:
1652:
1619:
1474:
1383:
400:
1579:
1556:
1539:
1488:
1440:
1426:
1117:
661:
116:
1708:
1960:
1954:
1773:
1724:
413:
253:
1065:
542:
537:
532:
54:
980:
385:
433:
90:
654:
565:
195:
930:
units on 20–22 January 1976, and later took part in the 'Spring offensive' held in March that year on the
374:
2048:
1811:
966:
418:
1433:
L'armée libanaise pendant la guerre: un instrument du pouvoir du président de la République (1975-1985)
1045:
915:
1369:, area handbook series, Headquarters, Department of the Army (DA Pam 550-24), Washington D.C. 1989. -
1761:
984:
927:
861:
857:
853:
827:
481:
396:
1995:
899:
803:, the NLA comprised some 500-1,000 uniformed male and female fighters organized into conventional '
600:
2060:
1966:
1859:
1755:
919:
820:
800:
471:
363:
358:
351:
43:
2019:
970:
939:
823:
792:
718:
695:
615:
1543:
1410:
1980:
1913:
1840:
1008:
996:
977:
873:
796:
725:
440:
273:
239:
220:
918:(LNM) in April 1975, playing a somewhat significant role in the controversial siege of the
831:
494:
476:
381:
294:
1461:
8:
2078:
1583:
1414:
955:
835:
309:
284:
1989:
1050:
943:
812:
578:
232:
227:
869:
1927:
1790:
1667:
1648:
1629:
1615:
1592:
1575:
1552:
1535:
1523:
1515:
1501:
1484:
1470:
1436:
1422:
1398:
1379:
881:
877:
849:
605:
1126:
1901:
1850:
1734:
1004:
963:
935:
885:
865:
842:
208:
1942:
1936:
1883:
1805:
1799:
1767:
1666:, Princeton Series on the Middle East, Markus Wiener Publishers, Princeton 1997.
1656:
1637:
1493:
1457:
1444:
1406:
1387:
1030:
816:
768:
686:
1020:
973:
911:
787:, later replaced in the mid-1980s by the Sidon-born Saudi-Lebanese millionaire
634:
204:
2093:
1865:
1743:
1378:, Collection "Comprendre le Moyen-Orient", Éditions L'Harmattan, Paris 1993.
931:
889:
780:
1365:
Afaf Sabeh McGowan, John
Roberts, As'ad Abu Khalil, and Robert Scott Mason,
1948:
1456:, Thèse de Doctorat d'Histoire – 1993, Université de Paris VIII, 2007. (in
839:
788:
740:
714:
406:
216:
170:
155:
1591:, Middle East@War No. 41, Helion & Company Limited, Solihull UK 2021.
1498:
The
Conscience of Lebanon: A Political Biography of Etienne Sakr (Abu-Arz)
318:
1527:
721:
450:
339:
334:
212:
736:
896:
892:
160:
1572:
Tank battles of the Mid-East Wars (2): The wars of 1973 to the present
1889:
1871:
1749:
1035:
710:
200:
32:
845:
808:
804:
1645:
La Guerre du Liban: De la dissension nationale au conflit régional
1711:
951:
819:
branches. It fielded a 'mechanized' corps provided with a single
923:
1589:
Lebanese Civil War Volume 2: Quiet before the Storm, 1978-1981
1297:
Lebanese Civil War Volume 2: Quiet before the Storm, 1978-1981
1000:
784:
776:
724:
politician and member of
Parliament (MP) later killed by the
706:
188:
987:(LF) attempts to establish bridgeheads at Damour and Sidon.
728:
during a
February 1975 dock strike held in that port city.
775:, son of the late Maarouf. Secretly trained and armed by
1110:
995:
The PNO is led today by Osama Saad, who is an MP in the
1628:, Presses Universitaires de France - PUF, Paris 1993.
1664:
Faces of
Lebanon: Sects, Wars, and Global Extensions
905:
758:
700:
1534:, London: Oxford University Press, (3rd ed. 2001).
57:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
962:they joined in a Syrian-backed coalition with the
1111:Gambill, Gary C.; Ziad K. Abdelnour (July 2001).
2091:
1395:Histoire du Liban contemporain: Tome 2 1943-1990
1308:McGowan, Roberts, Abu Khalil, and Scott Mason,
1694:
934:region. Forced to go underground during the
771:, was first raised in March 1975 at Sidon by
731:
662:
1143:(2003), p. 44, Table 1: War Period Militias.
1056:List of armed groups in the Syrian Civil War
1878:Armenian Revolutionary Federation (Tashnag)
1780:Armenian Revolutionary Federation (Tashnag)
1612:A History of Modern Lebanon: Second Edition
1104:
1701:
1687:
1512:Sanctuary and Survival: the PLO in Lebanon
1469:, Praeger Publishers Inc., New York 1980.
926:alongside the Al-Mourabitoun, the PLO and
669:
655:
1374:Boutros Labaki & Khalil Abou Rjeily,
1061:List of weapons of the Lebanese Civil War
878:Dodge Fargo/Power Wagon W200 light trucks
573:Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Emigrants
117:Learn how and when to remove this message
1647:, Éditions Karthala/CERMOC, Paris 1994.
1574:, Concord Publications, Hong Kong 2003.
1549:30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon
1514:, Boulder: Westview Press, Oxford 1990.
1193:30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon
1167:30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon
735:
14:
2092:
1500:, Frank Cass Publishers, London 2003.
1376:Bilan des guerres du Liban (1975-1990)
1336:Bilan des guerres du Liban (1975-1990)
2130:Political parties established in 1973
1682:
1219:Tank battles of the Mid-East Wars (2)
1154:Tank battles of the Mid-East Wars (2)
990:
936:June 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon
895:. The NLA also fielded a few ex-PLO
779:, the NLA was initially financed by
683:Popular Nasserist Organization – PNO
55:adding citations to reliable sources
26:
1481:Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks
1421:, Palgrave Macmillan, London 1998.
1284:Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks
1271:Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks
1258:Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks
1245:Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks
1232:Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks
1206:Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks
1180:Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks
765:Armée de Liberation Nationale (ALN)
751:
713:party originally formed in 1973 by
690:
24:
2115:Factions in the Lebanese Civil War
1603:
1561:Samir Makdisi and Richard Sadaka,
1041:People's Liberation Army (Lebanon)
958:(SLA). Simultaneously, during the
25:
2146:
1563:The Lebanese Civil War, 1975-1990
1141:The Lebanese Civil War, 1975-1990
1118:Middle East Intelligence Bulletin
906:The PNO in the Civil War: 1975–90
838:. The latter consisted mostly of
2110:Arab nationalist militant groups
1710:
1483:, Blue Steel books, Sidon 2008.
840:Suzuki Jimny LJ20 1st generation
628:
333:
317:
272:
66:"Popular Nasserist Organization"
31:
1774:Syrian Social Nationalist Party
1587:Tom Cooper & Efim Sandler,
1532:Pity the Nation: Lebanon at War
1341:
1328:
1323:Pity the Nation: Lebanon at War
1315:
1302:
1289:
1276:
1263:
1250:
1237:
1224:
1211:
999:, and is active in the city of
983:, which defeated the Christian
702:Al-Tanzim al-Sha'aby al-Nassery
340:Member State of the Arab League
42:needs additional citations for
2125:Nationalist parties in Lebanon
2100:1973 establishments in Lebanon
2055:Popular Nasserist Organization
1908:Popular Nasserist Organization
1626:Histoire de la guerre du Liban
1198:
1185:
1172:
1159:
1146:
1133:
1091:
1078:
1066:3rd Infantry Brigade (Lebanon)
748:National Liberation Army – NLA
137:Popular Nasserist Organization
129:Political party in Lebanon
18:Popular Nasserite Organization
13:
1:
1551:, Beirut: Elite Group, 2003.
1419:Civil War in Lebanon, 1975-92
1358:
1003:. It was affiliated with the
746:The PNO's military wing, the
2135:Socialist parties in Lebanon
1717:Political parties in Lebanon
1614:, Pluto Press, London 2012.
1011:, which the party supports.
7:
2120:Nasserist political parties
2105:Arab nationalism in Lebanon
2049:Progressive Socialist Party
1812:Progressive Socialist Party
1435:, Lulu.com, Beyrouth 2012.
1014:
967:Progressive Socialist Party
954:against the Israeli-backed
759:
701:
10:
2151:
1334:Labaki & Abou Rjeily,
1208:(2008), pp. 29-31; 47; 53.
1046:Lebanese National Movement
916:Lebanese National Movement
760:Jayish al-Tahrir al-Watani
732:Structure and organization
2074:
2041:
1979:
1926:
1849:
1839:
1821:
1789:
1762:Lebanese Democratic Party
1733:
1723:
928:Palestine Liberation Army
914:, the PNO/NLA joined the
900:multiple rocket launchers
862:Toyota Land Cruiser (J75)
858:Toyota Land Cruiser (J70)
854:Toyota Land Cruiser (J43)
280:
271:
266:
252:
238:
226:
194:
184:
176:
166:
154:
146:
134:
1996:Lebanese Communist Party
1367:Lebanon: a country study
1310:Lebanon: a country study
1071:
1009:2019 protests in Lebanon
910:Closely allied with the
874:Datsun 720 pickup trucks
850:Land-Rover series II-III
139:
2061:National Dialogue Party
1860:Free Patriotic Movement
1756:Free Patriotic Movement
1299:(2021), p. 58; Plate i.
1113:"Dossier: Rafiq Hariri"
868:Sierra Custom K25/K30,
228:Political position
1961:National Liberal Party
1467:The Lebanese Civil War
1397:, Fayard, Paris 2005.
1295:Cooper & Sandler,
1086:The Lebanese Civil War
940:Israeli Defence Forces
743:
691:التنظيم الشعبي الناصري
589:Diplomatic missions of
140:التنظيم الشعبي الناصري
1981:17 October Revolution
1955:Independence Movement
739:
240:Parliament of Lebanon
221:Left-wing nationalism
1349:Civil War in Lebanon
1182:(2008), pp. 124-127.
1139:Makdisi and Sadaka,
832:all-terrain vehicles
783:'s organization and
359:Constitution of 1926
51:improve this article
2079:Politics of Lebanon
1662:William W. Harris,
1479:Moustafa El-Assad,
1325:(2001), pp. 99-100.
1125:(7). Archived from
997:Lebanese Parliament
956:South Lebanese Army
946:at the battles for
310:Politics of Lebanon
285:Politics of Lebanon
1610:Fawwaz Traboulsi,
1570:Steven J. Zaloga,
1452:Fawwaz Traboulsi,
1273:(2008), pp. 55-57.
1260:(2008), pp. 77-79.
1247:(2008), pp. 24-27.
1101:(2007), parte III.
1088:(1980), pp. 68-69.
1051:Lebanese Civil War
991:The post-war years
882:heavy machine-guns
752:جيش التحرير الوطني
744:
635:Lebanon portal
579:Abdallah Bou Habib
254:Cabinet of Lebanon
2087:
2086:
2070:
2069:
1928:March 14 Alliance
1841:National Assembly
1835:
1834:
1791:March 14 Alliance
1634:978-2-13-045801-2
1597:978-1-914059-04-9
1506:978-0-7146-8378-2
1443:, 1291036601 (in
1403:978-2-213-61521-9
886:recoilless rifles
830:in 1985, plus 40
757:
699:
679:
678:
611:Visa requirements
566:Foreign relations
553:Political parties
501:Recent elections
303:
302:
290:Political parties
127:
126:
119:
101:
16:(Redirected from
2142:
1902:Dignity Movement
1851:March 8 Alliance
1847:
1846:
1735:March 8 Alliance
1731:
1730:
1715:
1714:
1703:
1696:
1689:
1680:
1679:
1431:Joseph Hokayem,
1415:Edgar O'Ballance
1352:
1345:
1339:
1332:
1326:
1319:
1313:
1306:
1300:
1293:
1287:
1280:
1274:
1267:
1261:
1254:
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1241:
1235:
1228:
1222:
1215:
1209:
1202:
1196:
1189:
1183:
1176:
1170:
1163:
1157:
1150:
1144:
1137:
1131:
1130:
1108:
1102:
1095:
1089:
1082:
1005:March 8 Alliance
922:coastal town of
826:seized from the
762:
756:romanized:
755:
753:
704:
694:
692:
671:
664:
657:
633:
632:
631:
453:
342:
338:
337:
321:
305:
304:
276:
261:
247:
209:Arab nationalism
132:
131:
122:
115:
111:
108:
102:
100:
59:
35:
27:
21:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2140:
2139:
2090:
2089:
2088:
2083:
2066:
2037:
1975:
1972:Independent (3)
1943:Future Movement
1937:Lebanese Forces
1922:
1919:Independent (5)
1884:Marada Movement
1831:
1817:
1806:Lebanese Forces
1800:Future Movement
1785:
1768:Marada Movement
1719:
1709:
1707:
1677:
1674:, 1-55876-115-2
1606:
1604:Further reading
1601:
1494:Mordechai Nisan
1393:Denise Ammoun,
1361:
1356:
1355:
1351:(1998), p. 156.
1346:
1342:
1333:
1329:
1320:
1316:
1312:(1989), p. 243.
1307:
1303:
1294:
1290:
1281:
1277:
1268:
1264:
1255:
1251:
1242:
1238:
1229:
1225:
1216:
1212:
1203:
1199:
1190:
1186:
1177:
1173:
1164:
1160:
1151:
1147:
1138:
1134:
1109:
1105:
1096:
1092:
1083:
1079:
1074:
1031:Damour massacre
1017:
993:
985:Lebanese Forces
908:
834:converted into
828:Lebanese Forces
817:Military Police
734:
675:
646:
642:Other countries
629:
627:
621:
620:
601:Nationality law
597:
585:
568:
558:
557:
547:
525:
497:
487:
486:
467:
459:
458:
445:
436:
426:
425:
377:
367:
366:
354:
344:
332:
331:
312:
299:
262:
259:
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219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
142:
141:
138:
130:
123:
112:
106:
103:
60:
58:
48:
36:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2148:
2138:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2081:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2064:
2058:
2052:
2045:
2043:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2035:
2029:
2023:
2017:
2011:
2008:Tahalof Watani
2005:
2002:Beirut Tuqawem
1999:
1993:
1986:
1984:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1970:
1964:
1958:
1952:
1946:
1940:
1933:
1931:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1920:
1917:
1911:
1905:
1899:
1893:
1887:
1881:
1875:
1869:
1863:
1856:
1854:
1844:
1837:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1829:
1828:PM's share (5)
1825:
1823:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1815:
1809:
1803:
1796:
1794:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1783:
1777:
1771:
1765:
1759:
1753:
1747:
1740:
1738:
1728:
1721:
1720:
1706:
1705:
1698:
1691:
1683:
1676:
1675:
1672:978-1558761155
1660:
1653:978-2865374991
1643:Samir Kassir,
1641:
1622:
1620:978-0745332741
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1599:
1585:
1568:
1559:
1547:Samer Kassis,
1545:
1525:
1508:
1491:
1477:
1475:978-0030397011
1463:
1450:
1429:
1412:
1391:
1384:978-2738415257
1372:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1340:
1338:(1993), p. 57.
1327:
1314:
1301:
1288:
1286:(2008), p. 63.
1275:
1262:
1249:
1236:
1234:(2008), p. 27.
1223:
1221:(2003), p. 52.
1210:
1197:
1195:(2003), p. 74.
1184:
1171:
1169:(2003), p. 72.
1158:
1156:(2003), p. 56.
1145:
1132:
1129:on 8 May 2014.
1103:
1090:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1021:Al-Mourabitoun
1016:
1013:
992:
989:
974:Al-Mourabitoun
912:Al-Mourabitoun
907:
904:
733:
730:
677:
676:
674:
673:
666:
659:
651:
648:
647:
645:
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638:
623:
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555:
550:
549:
548:
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528:
526:
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523:
516:
511:
507:Presidential:
504:
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493:
492:
489:
488:
485:
484:
482:Municipalities
479:
474:
468:
465:
464:
461:
460:
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456:
455:
454:
437:
432:
431:
428:
427:
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423:
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411:
410:
409:
397:Prime Minister
394:
393:
392:
378:
373:
372:
369:
368:
362:
361:
355:
350:
349:
346:
345:
327:
326:
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314:
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301:
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269:
268:
264:
263:
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236:
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230:
224:
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205:Arab socialism
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39:
37:
30:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2147:
2136:
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2128:
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2027:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1978:
1971:
1968:
1967:Islamic group
1965:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1925:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1866:Amal Movement
1864:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1848:
1845:
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68: –
67:
63:
62:Find sources:
56:
52:
46:
45:
40:This article
38:
34:
29:
28:
19:
2054:
2026:Osos Lebanon
1949:Kataeb Party
1907:
1896:Ba'ath Party
1663:
1644:
1625:
1611:
1588:
1571:
1562:
1548:
1531:
1511:
1510:Rex Brynen,
1497:
1480:
1466:
1453:
1432:
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1394:
1375:
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1347:O'Ballance,
1343:
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1127:the original
1122:
1116:
1106:
1098:
1093:
1085:
1080:
994:
944:Palestinians
909:
824:armoured car
797:Shia Muslims
793:Sunni Muslim
789:Rafic Hariri
773:Mustafa Saad
764:
747:
745:
741:Maarouf Saad
719:Sunni Muslim
715:Maarouf Saad
682:
680:
626:
519:
472:Governorates
466:Subdivisions
407:Najib Mikati
364:Human rights
352:Constitution
330:
217:Anti-Zionism
185:Headquarters
171:Maarouf Saad
147:Abbreviation
113:
104:
94:
87:
80:
73:
61:
49:Please help
44:verification
41:
2042:Others (10)
2014:Khatt Ahmar
1914:Union Party
1528:Robert Fisk
1097:Traboulsi,
1026:Coastal War
969:(PSP), the
960:Coastal War
948:Kfar-Fallus
897:BM-11 122mm
893:autocannons
880:armed with
616:Visa policy
451:Nabih Berri
434:Legislature
213:Pan-Arabism
107:August 2012
2094:Categories
1822:Others (5)
1359:References
1282:El-Assad,
1269:El-Assad,
1256:El-Assad,
1243:El-Assad,
1230:El-Assad,
1204:El-Assad,
1178:El-Assad,
1007:until the
870:Datsun 620
836:technicals
801:Christians
795:with some
593:in Lebanon
577:Minister:
441:Parliament
267:Party flag
161:Osama Saad
77:newspapers
2032:ReLebanon
1890:Al-Ahbash
1872:Hezbollah
1750:Hezbollah
1725:Ministers
1036:Nasserism
938:when the
920:Christian
846:mini SUVs
750:(Arabic:
711:Nasserist
696:romanized
531:General:
520:2022–2023
514:2014–2016
495:Elections
477:Districts
382:President
375:Executive
295:Elections
233:Left-wing
201:Nasserism
1990:Taqaddom
1217:Zaloga,
1191:Kassis,
1165:Kassis,
1152:Zaloga,
1015:See also
976:and the
843:off-road
809:Infantry
805:Commando
722:pan-Arab
606:Passport
196:Ideology
978:Shi'ite
952:Jezzine
813:Signals
709:-based
705:) is a
698::
447:Speaker
414:Cabinet
246:1 / 128
177:Founded
167:Founder
91:scholar
1670:
1657:French
1651:
1638:French
1632:
1618:
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1538:
1518:
1504:
1487:
1473:
1458:French
1445:French
1439:
1425:
1407:French
1401:
1388:French
1382:
1321:Fisk,
1084:Deeb,
924:Damour
876:, and
821:UR-416
815:, and
769:French
687:Arabic
391:vacant
260:0 / 24
156:Leader
93:
86:
79:
72:
64:
1843:(128)
1072:Notes
1001:Sidon
971:Sunni
964:Druze
785:Libya
777:Fatah
763:) or
707:Sidon
189:Sidon
98:JSTOR
84:books
2020:Lana
1983:(13)
1939:(19)
1930:(38)
1874:(13)
1868:(14)
1862:(17)
1853:(60)
1737:(16)
1727:(24)
1668:ISBN
1655:(in
1649:ISBN
1636:(in
1630:ISBN
1616:ISBN
1593:ISBN
1576:ISBN
1553:ISBN
1536:ISBN
1516:ISBN
1502:ISBN
1485:ISBN
1471:ISBN
1460:) –
1447:) –
1437:ISBN
1423:ISBN
1409:) –
1405:(in
1399:ISBN
1386:(in
1380:ISBN
950:and
888:and
872:and
799:and
717:, a
681:The
543:2022
538:2018
533:2009
509:2008
401:list
386:list
180:1973
70:news
2063:(1)
2057:(1)
2051:(8)
2034:(1)
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2022:(1)
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1752:(2)
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866:GMC
807:',
767:in
150:PNO
53:by
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1582:–
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