258:
304:
446:
320:
133:
416:
348:
246:
426:
388:
280:
367:
292:
400:
25:
331:
358:
269:
550:. The reality, however, was more complex. Like other political groups in Lebanon, the LCP realized in the early 1970s that without an armed militia it would lose its political relevance. Thus the "Popular Guard" was officially established on January 6, 1970, ostensibly in response to the occupation of
651:
Initially made up of just 600–700 poorly armed militiamen, by mid-1976 the
Popular Guard's ranks had swelled to some 5,000 men and women (though other sources list a smaller number, about 3,000), this total comprising 2,000–2,500 full-time fighters and 2,500–3,000 irregulars, mostly drawn from its
1760:
or OG cotton fabric for the AK-47 assault rifle and the SKS semi-automatic rifle, plus several variants of locally-made, multi-pocket chest rigs and assault vests in camouflage cloth, khaki and OG canvas or Nylon. In addition, the US Army
1099:(ISF) in January 1976 allowed the LCP/PG to seize some weapons and vehicles from their barracks and police stations, though most of its weaponry, heavy vehicles and other, non-lethal military equipments were procured in the international
711:
The LCP/PG was mainly financed by the USSR and Syria, though it also received revenues from other 'unofficial' sources within
Lebanon. In the mid-1980s, allied with the Red Knights militia of the
2008:
The LCP...has itself been very close to
Hezbollah and fought alongside it in the frontlines in the south. According to Hadadeh, at least 12 LCP members and supporters died in the fighting.
542:
and the allied
Christian militias. Disbanded upon the conclusion of the war, in early 1969 the Party's Politburo decided to quietly raise a new militia force ostensibly to help defend the
656:(ULDY), which had been established in early 1970. Organized into infantry, signals, artillery, medical and Military Police 'branches', the LCP militia was first headed by the
1804:
canvas, the gunner backpack 6SH12, the assistant gunner backpack and the munitions bag 6SH11; Polish and East German versions in rubberized canvas were employed as well.
2693:
778:
1770:
904:
2059:
189:
2524:
2359:
Identités et solidarités croisées dans les conflits du Liban contemporain; Chapitre 12: L'économie politique des milices: le phénomène mafieux
1943:
Identités et solidarités croisées dans les conflits du Liban contemporain; Chapitre 12: L'économie politique des milices: le phénomène mafieux
854:
broke out on April–May 1985 at West Beirut, it saw the LCP/PG participating – albeit reluctantly – in a military coalition that gathered the
731:
722:'s commercial harbour and oil refinery – the second large deep-waters port of Lebanon – in collusion with the director of the city’s harbour
617:
296:
2763:
2748:
1574:
1569:
1559:
828:
262:
1848:
1999:
889:
272:
1737:
Black leather combat boots initially came from
Lebanese Army stocks or were provided by the PLO and the Syrians, complemented by
2529:, American University of Beirut, Institute of Financial Economics, Lecture and Working Paper Series (2003 No.3), pp. 1–53.
2304:
943:
2666:
2647:
2628:
2593:
2514:
2493:
2451:
2432:
2384:
2321:
1858:
820:
312:
89:
1053:
61:
2758:
2536:, Aberdeen, MD: U.S. Army Human Engineering Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Technical Memorandum 11–79, June 1979.
1838:
991:
893:
809:
653:
515:
178:
812:(LNRF) guerrilla alliance in September that year and later joining the LNSF in July 1983. They fought at the 1983–84
2753:
2680:
2610:
2470:
2352:
2335:
759:
570:
250:
108:
68:
1756:
Web gear consisted of Soviet three-cell AK-47 magazine pouches in khaki or olive green canvas, ChiCom chest rigs in
1209:
1496:
672:
1823:
900:
715:
657:
1762:
1047:
844:
507:
75:
46:
42:
2743:
2020:
862:
543:
419:
2410:
Female
Fighters and Militants During the Lebanese Civil War: Individual Profiles, Pathways, and Motivations
1057:
915:
438:
57:
2543:, Trucks & Tanks Magazine No. 41, January–February 2014, Caraktère, Aix-en-Provence, pp. 78–81.
1491:
1380:
1298:
1290:
1282:
1274:
1003:
824:
308:
1843:
1295:
885:
755:
511:
434:
174:
738:) and Haj Muhammad Awadah, run in their behalf a profitable fuel smuggling ring that stretched to the
1789:
1542:
1039:
1025:
836:
621:
352:
2309:, area handbook series, Headquarters, Department of the Army (DA Pam 550-24), Washington D.C. 1989.
1833:
1510:
1434:
1418:
1096:
503:
370:
170:
790:
763:
380:
375:
35:
2548:
2398:
2728:
1427:
1411:
1080:
1035:
1021:
1007:
912:
877:
dissident
Palestinian guerrilla factions against an alliance of PLO refugee camp militias, the
813:
629:
563:
2425:
Technicals: Non-Standard
Tactical Vehicles from the Great Toyota War to modern Special Forces
2374:
2158:
Technicals: Non-Standard
Tactical Vehicles from the Great Toyota War to modern Special Forces
1778:
1626:
1476:
1349:
1205:
1103:
or supplied by the PLO, Syria, East
Germany, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Romania and the USSR.
1092:
958:
870:
859:
625:
539:
404:
1655:
1609:
1481:
1225:
986:
798:
786:
392:
220:
82:
2366:
808:
of June 1982, the LCP/PG went underground, participating actively in the formation of the
773:. On October 24, 1975, the Popular Guards fought alongside other LNM militias such as the
8:
2340:
1663:
1644:
1640:
1581:
1537:
1500:
1485:
1446:
1353:
1339:
1325:
1311:
1279:
975:
962:
535:
2504:
2014:
1828:
1793:
1029:
782:
610:
551:
460:
409:
284:
245:
132:
1139:
2676:
2662:
2643:
2624:
2606:
2600:
2589:
2544:
2510:
2489:
2466:
2447:
2428:
2394:
2380:
2370:
2348:
2331:
2317:
2003:
1785:
1593:
1564:
1532:
1335:
1321:
1317:
1307:
1261:
1253:
1245:
719:
696:
680:
636:
2713:
2564:
2413:
1863:
1691:
1643:
olive green and light khaki fatigues and camouflage uniforms (the latter being PLO
1287:
1166:
1068:
1013:
855:
851:
817:
805:
762:
Joint Forces. The LCP militia was soon involved in many street battles against the
2417:
2707:
2697:
2694:
Chamussy (René) – Chronique d'une guerre: Le Liban 1975–1977 – éd. Desclée – 1978
2675:, Princeton Series on the Middle East, Markus Wiener Publishers, Princeton 1997.
2651:
2632:
2552:
2402:
2362:
1687:
1250:
1017:
526:
The LCP's military wing was not only well-organized, but also one of the largest
491:
569:
Prior to the war, the Popular Guards initially received covert support from the
1667:
1271:
1266:
1117:
997:
931:
881:
832:
794:
774:
770:
688:
684:
430:
361:
216:
212:
2412:, Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC, 2018.
2737:
2060:"Military rifle cartridges of Lebanon Part 2: from independence to Hezbollah"
1895:
1853:
1652:
1629:
1076:
1043:
874:
840:
735:
692:
668:
555:
547:
224:
197:
150:
2303:
Afaf Sabeh McGowan, John Roberts, As'ad Abu Khalil, and Robert Scott Mason,
415:
2568:
2361:, Thèse de Doctorat d'Histoire – 1993, Université de Paris VIII, 2007. (in
2064:
1813:
1718:
1679:
1390:
1171:
1122:
1100:
739:
723:
633:
605:. Furthermore, the LCP started sending its militiamen to training camps in
602:
598:
574:
2393:, RAIDS magazine No. 65, October 1991, Histoire & Collections, Paris.
1709:
worn French-style, pulled to the left; a black-and-white or red-and-white
2561:
Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, From 1975 to 1991 and Beyond
2249:
Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, From 1975 to 1991 and Beyond
2184:
Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, From 1975 to 1991 and Beyond
2119:
Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, From 1975 to 1991 and Beyond
2080:
Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, From 1975 to 1991 and Beyond
1818:
1547:
1440:
1375:
1370:
1189:
939:
927:
908:
751:
727:
676:
660:
450:
324:
146:
730:
officers. The National Fuel Company (NFC) headed jointly by businessmen
562:
region of southern Lebanon and the kidnapping of local villagers by the
1955:
1800:
rocket launcher received the correspondent Soviet rocket bag models in
1585:
1506:
1357:
979:
953:
after the end of the civil war, fighting until 2000 alongside the Shia
950:
766:
700:
559:
2379:, Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London 1989 (revised edition).
949:
Popular Guard underground guerrilla cells continued to operate in the
510:
and subsequent conflicts. The LCP and its militia were members of the
1683:
1464:
1431:
1415:
1385:
1230:
1156:
1112:
1072:
954:
878:
590:
531:
335:
1658:), civilian clothes, or a mix of both. Civilian or surplus military
366:
24:
2703:
1745:
1741:
1738:
1710:
1061:
934:
announced the creation of the LNRF, which rallied several Lebanese
712:
2640:
La Guerre du Liban: De la dissension nationale au conflit régional
2534:
Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas, 1975–1978
534:
militias in Lebanon. It was first founded unofficially during the
1782:
1774:
1744:
olive canvas-and-rubber patrol boots. Several models of civilian
1722:
1714:
1633:
1605:
1527:
1522:
1395:
935:
745:
527:
2563:. Modern Conflicts Profile Guide. Vol. II. AK Interactive.
2541:
La Guerre Civile Libanaise, un chaos indescriptible (1975–1990)
2197:
La Guerre Civile Libanaise, un chaos indescriptible (1975–1990)
1636:
1553:
1220:
1215:
1201:
1161:
606:
594:
399:
208:
193:
1443:
shoulder-launched, anti-tank rocket-propelled grenade launcher
1801:
1797:
1796:(SLA) were also widely used. Anti-tank teams issued with the
1766:
1757:
1706:
1699:
1659:
1451:
1424:
1408:
1258:
1197:
1193:
1181:
1144:
1127:
866:
640:
613:
586:
578:
357:
268:
643:
to help train militants and purchase high-tech soviet arms.
538:, fighting alongside the anti-government forces against the
1589:
1303:
582:
2723:
2718:
2427:. New Vanguard series 257. Oxford: Osprey Publishing Ltd.
1726:
1703:
1601:
1597:
1345:
1331:
1242:
1185:
1176:
965:(SLA) proxies in the Israeli-controlled "security zone."
2330:, Weapon series 87, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2023.
1748:
or "trainers" were also used by Popular Guard fighters.
1670:
olive-brown woollen pullover were worn in cold weather.
926:
On September 16, 1982, the Secretary-General of the LCP
1402:
921:
667:
was Abu Anis), but in 1979 PG command was passed on to
2704:
Histoire militaire de l'armée libanaise de 1975 à 1990
2623:, Presses Universitaires de France – PUF, Paris 1993.
646:
1771:
all-purpose lightweight individual carrying equipment
907:
militias in another military coalition backed by the
706:
2673:
Faces of Lebanon: Sects, Wars, and Global Extensions
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
911:, which contributed to the decisive defeat of the
2532:Paul Jureidini, R. D. McLaurin, and James Price,
1324:taken off from disabled tanks (Mainly mounted on
2735:
2006:. Archived from the original on 31 August 2006.
1678:Usual headgear consisted of ex-Lebanese Army OG
899:In December 1986, the Popular Guards joined the
683:, the LCP/PG also kept underground cells at the
1928:McGowan, Roberts, Abu Khalil, and Scott Mason,
1236:
137:Flag of the Lebanese Communist Party since 1924
2558:
1997:
1625:Popular Guard militiamen wore in the field ex-
1150:
746:The Popular Guards' in the 1975–1990 civil war
2488:] (in French). Chyah: Trebia Publishing.
1956:The War of the Camps, The War of the Hostages
618:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
297:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
16:Military wing of the Lebanese Communist Party
2199:, Trucks & Tanks Magazine (2014), p. 81.
1919:(2003), p. 44, Table 1: War Period Militias.
1632:fatigues (a special domestic variant of the
968:
957:and other Lebanese armed groups against the
632:(SCP) led them to forge close ties with the
2586:A History of Modern Lebanon: Second Edition
2053:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2043:
1184:assault rifle (Other variants included the
2661:, Praeger Publishers Inc., New York 1980.
2602:Sanctuary and Survival: the PLO in Lebanon
2559:Sex, Zachary; Abi-Chahine, Bassel (2021).
1212:and former East German MPi assault rifles)
624:(JCP). Moreover, the LCP's links with the
2719:Official Lebanese Communist Party website
1849:List of weapons of the Lebanese Civil War
835:and at West Beirut against the Christian
718:(ADP), they helped the latter to control
508:1975–1977 phase of the Lebanese Civil War
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
2642:, Éditions Karthala/CERMOC, Paris 1994.
2463:30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon
2441:
2057:
2040:
1647:and Czechoslovakian Vz 60 "Salamander" (
1615:
1580:Many of these vehicles were employed as
1086:
942:parties and armed factions to fight the
890:Communist Action Organization in Lebanon
273:Communist Action Organization in Lebanon
2482:Véhicules Militaires au Liban 1975–1981
2422:
2736:
2598:
2502:
2486:Military Vehicles in Lebanon 1975-1981
2479:
2460:
2391:Liban: Les milices rendent leurs armes
2223:Liban: Les milices rendent leurs armes
2210:Liban: Les milices rendent leurs armes
2093:Liban: Les milices rendent leurs armes
2035:Liban: Les milices rendent leurs armes
944:Israeli occupation of southern Lebanon
930:and the Secretary-General of the OCAL
1777:captured from the Lebanese Army, and
2316:(2nd ed.), Grange Books, Kent 2002.
1962:, No. 133. (June 1985), pp. 3–7, 22.
1948:
1403:Rocket launchers and grenade systems
922:Resistance to the Israeli occupation
675:. Although it was active mostly in
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
2714:Popular Guard's camouflage patterns
2444:Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks
2347:, Palgrave Macmillan, London 1998.
1713:was also worn around the neck as a
1620:
647:Military structure and organization
495:
13:
2764:Lebanese National Resistance Front
2749:Factions in the Lebanese Civil War
2729:Union of Lebanese Democratic Youth
2577:
2523:Samir Makdisi and Richard Sadaka,
1859:People's Liberation Army (Lebanon)
1839:Lebanese National Resistance Front
1639:), locally-produced PLO copies of
1538:Range Rover (First generation) SUV
1133:
894:Kurdish Democratic Party – Lebanon
829:Syrian Socialist Nationalist Party
810:Lebanese National Resistance Front
707:Illegal activities and controversy
654:Union of Lebanese Democratic Youth
516:Lebanese National Resistance Front
263:Syrian Socialist Nationalist Party
179:Lebanese National Resistance Front
14:
2775:
2687:
2526:The Lebanese Civil War, 1975–1990
2000:"Amid the bombs, unity is forged"
1998:Herbert Docena (17 August 2006).
1917:The Lebanese Civil War, 1975–1990
779:Nasserite Correctionist Mouvement
571:Palestine Liberation Organization
251:Palestine Liberation Organization
1751:
1575:GMC C7500 heavy-duty cargo truck
1560:Chevrolet C-50 medium-duty truck
1497:Type 63 multiple rocket launcher
1364:
734:(brother of late prime-minister
444:
424:
414:
398:
386:
365:
356:
346:
329:
318:
302:
290:
278:
267:
256:
244:
131:
23:
2280:
2267:
2254:
2241:
2228:
2225:, RAIDS Magazine (1991), p. 31.
2215:
2212:, RAIDS Magazine (1991), p. 31.
2202:
2189:
2176:
2163:
2150:
2137:
2124:
2111:
2098:
2095:, RAIDS Magazine (1991), p. 31.
2085:
2072:
2037:, RAIDS Magazine (1991), p. 31.
2027:
754:, the Popular Guard joined the
652:youth branch organization, the
502:) was the military wing of the
34:needs additional citations for
2621:Histoire de la guerre du Liban
2376:The war for Lebanon, 1970–1985
2314:20th Century Military Uniforms
2275:20th Century Military Uniforms
2262:20th Century Military Uniforms
1991:
1978:
1965:
1935:
1922:
1909:
1888:
1875:
1763:M-1956 load-carrying equipment
1729:hats were worn in the winter.
1637:OG-107 cotton sateen utilities
1396:PTRS-41 14.5mm anti-tank rifle
1048:Multinational Force in Lebanon
845:Multinational Force in Lebanon
1:
2724:Official LNRF/Jammoul website
2418:10.1080/1057610X.2018.1529353
2296:
514:(LNM) and its successor, the
2588:, Pluto Press, London 2012.
2345:Civil War in Lebanon 1975–92
2058:Scarlata, Paul (July 2009).
1869:
1565:Dodge F600 medium-duty truck
1470:
1237:Machine guns and autocannons
1058:Islamic Unification Movement
916:Islamic Unification Movement
703:region of southern Lebanon.
439:Islamic Unification Movement
7:
2605:. Boulder: Westview Press.
2446:. Sidon: Blue Steel books.
2442:El-Assad, Moustafa (2008).
1898:. Startimes.com. 2008-11-04
1807:
1732:
1673:
1570:GMC C4500 medium-duty truck
1516:
1492:122 mm howitzer 2A18 (D-30)
1381:Gepard anti-materiel rifles
1299:General-purpose machine gun
1291:General-purpose machine gun
1283:General-purpose machine gun
1275:General-purpose machine gun
1151:Carbines and Assault Rifles
1004:1978 South Lebanon conflict
825:Progressive Socialist Party
806:Israeli invasion of Lebanon
506:(LCP), which fought in the
309:Progressive Socialist Party
10:
2780:
2759:Lebanese National Movement
2408:Jennifer Philippa Eggert,
1844:Lebanese National Movement
1458:
1106:
918:at the Battle of Tripoli.
886:Sixth of February Movement
827:(PSP), Al-Mourabitoun and
756:Lebanese National Movement
521:
512:Lebanese National Movement
435:Sixth of February Movement
175:Lebanese National Movement
162:1970–1990; briefly in 2006
2019:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1543:Toyota Land Cruiser (J40)
1346:ZPU (ZPU-1, ZPU-2, ZPU-4)
969:List of combat operations
793:, where they engaged the
785:(LAA) and the PLO at the
622:Jordanian Communist Party
609:under the control of the
467:
456:
341:
239:
231:
204:
185:
166:
156:
142:
130:
123:
2754:Lebanese Communist Party
2506:Invasion of Lebanon 1982
2306:Lebanon: a country study
2288:Invasion of Lebanon 1982
2236:Invasion of Lebanon 1982
2171:Invasion of Lebanon 1982
2145:Invasion of Lebanon 1982
2106:Invasion of Lebanon 1982
1930:Lebanon: a country study
1834:Lebanese Communist Party
1666:and Iraqi copies of the
1533:Land-Rover series II-III
1511:multiple rocket launcher
1435:rocket-propelled grenade
1419:rocket-propelled grenade
1398:(used for heavy sniping)
1097:Internal Security Forces
821:People's Liberation Army
589:and from well-connected
504:Lebanese Communist Party
371:Kataeb Regulatory Forces
313:People's Liberation Army
171:Lebanese Communist Party
2465:. Beirut: Elite Group.
2423:Neville, Leigh (2018).
2247:Sex & Abi-Chahine,
2182:Sex & Abi-Chahine,
2117:Sex & Abi-Chahine,
2078:Sex & Abi-Chahine,
1788:seized either from the
831:(SSNP) militias in the
381:Guardians of the Cedars
376:Tyous Team of Commandos
2659:The Lebanese Civil War
2503:Kassis, Samer (2019).
2480:Kassis, Samer (2012).
2461:Kassis, Samer (2003).
2328:The SVD Dragunov Rifle
2132:The SVD Dragunov Rifle
1769:cotton canvas and the
1725:-style black or brown
1684:Soviet M-38 Field Hats
1081:Israeli Defence Forces
1022:Israeli Defence Forces
1008:Israeli Defence Forces
630:Syrian Communist Party
599:Eastern Bloc Countries
564:Israeli Defence Forces
1824:Arab Democratic Party
1616:Uniforms and insignia
1477:B-10 recoilless rifle
1371:Dragunov SVD-63 rifle
1226:Heckler & Koch G3
1093:Lebanese Armed Forces
1087:Weapons and equipment
959:Israel Defense Forces
901:Arab Democratic Party
716:Arab Democratic Party
626:Iraqi Communist Party
405:Israel Defense Forces
2744:Communism in Lebanon
2599:Brynen, Rex (1990).
2251:(2021), pp. 214-215.
2186:(2021), pp. 214-215.
2121:(2021), pp. 214-215.
2082:(2021), pp. 214-215.
1986:Civil War in Lebanon
1973:Civil War in Lebanon
1915:Makdisi and Sadaka,
1896:"منتديات ستار تايمز"
1664:M-1965 field jackets
1482:M40 recoilless rifle
1091:The collapse of the
987:Battle of the Hotels
799:Army of Free Lebanon
787:Battle of the Hotels
750:After the return of
393:Army of Free Lebanon
43:improve this article
2671:William W. Harris,
1883:The war for Lebanon
1352:(Mainly mounted on
1310:(Mainly mounted on
963:South Lebanese Army
500:Al-Harās al-Sha‘abī
488:Popular Guards – PG
205:Active regions
2584:Fawwaz Traboulsi,
2357:Fawwaz Traboulsi,
1945:(2007), parte III.
1885:(1989), pp. 78–79.
1829:Lebanese Civil War
1794:South Lebanon Army
1786:Ephod Combat Vests
1523:Jeep CJ-5 and CJ-8
1350:Anti-aircraft guns
1030:South Lebanon Army
982:Christian militias
839:(LF) militia, the
783:Lebanese Arab Army
697:Nabatieh Districts
641:Syrian Governments
461:Lebanese Civil War
410:South Lebanon Army
285:Lebanese Arab Army
227:(Southern Lebanon)
200:(Southern Lebanon)
158:Dates of operation
2667:978-0-03-039701-1
2648:978-2-86537-499-1
2629:978-2-13-045801-2
2594:978-0-7453-3274-1
2516:978-84-120935-1-3
2509:. Abteilung 502.
2495:978-9953-0-2372-4
2453:978-9953-0-1256-8
2434:978-1-4728-2251-2
2385:978-0-8014-9313-3
2371:Itamar Rabinovich
2322:978-1-84013-476-6
2004:Asia Times Online
1428:shoulder-launched
1412:shoulder-launched
1336:Heavy machine gun
1322:Heavy machine gun
1308:Heavy machine gun
1262:Light machine gun
1254:Light machine gun
1246:Light machine gun
1054:Battle of Tripoli
995:
858:PSP/PLA, and the
797:militias and the
480:
479:
119:
118:
111:
93:
2771:
2616:
2572:
2520:
2499:
2476:
2457:
2438:
2341:Edgar O'Ballance
2291:
2284:
2278:
2271:
2265:
2258:
2252:
2245:
2239:
2232:
2226:
2219:
2213:
2206:
2200:
2193:
2187:
2180:
2174:
2167:
2161:
2154:
2148:
2141:
2135:
2128:
2122:
2115:
2109:
2102:
2096:
2089:
2083:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2055:
2038:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2018:
2010:
1995:
1989:
1982:
1976:
1969:
1963:
1952:
1946:
1939:
1933:
1926:
1920:
1913:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1903:
1892:
1886:
1879:
1864:War of the Camps
1621:Fatigue clothing
1288:Rheinmetall MG 3
1069:2006 Lebanon War
1062:radical Islamist
1014:1982 Lebanon War
989:
961:(IDF) and their
903:(ADP), SSNP and
892:(OCAL), and the
852:War of the Camps
816:allied with the
769:militias of the
593:sympathizers in
558:villages in the
497:
474:600–700 fighters
471:Preceded by
457:Battles and wars
449:
448:
447:
429:
428:
427:
418:
403:
402:
391:
390:
389:
369:
360:
351:
350:
349:
334:
333:
332:
323:
322:
321:
307:
306:
305:
295:
294:
293:
283:
282:
281:
271:
261:
260:
259:
249:
248:
221:Southern Lebanon
159:
135:
121:
120:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
2779:
2778:
2774:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2769:
2768:
2734:
2733:
2690:
2685:
2613:
2580:
2578:Further reading
2575:
2517:
2496:
2473:
2454:
2435:
2299:
2294:
2290:(2019), p. 230.
2285:
2281:
2277:(2002), p. 174.
2272:
2268:
2264:(2002), p. 174.
2259:
2255:
2246:
2242:
2238:(2019), p. 231.
2233:
2229:
2220:
2216:
2207:
2203:
2194:
2190:
2181:
2177:
2173:(2019), p. 231.
2168:
2164:
2155:
2151:
2147:(2019), p. 230.
2142:
2138:
2129:
2125:
2116:
2112:
2108:(2019), p. 231.
2103:
2099:
2090:
2086:
2077:
2073:
2056:
2041:
2032:
2028:
2012:
2011:
1996:
1992:
1988:(1998), p. 171.
1983:
1979:
1975:(1998), p. 158.
1970:
1966:
1953:
1949:
1940:
1936:
1932:(1989), p. 242.
1927:
1923:
1914:
1910:
1901:
1899:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1810:
1790:Lebanese Forces
1754:
1735:
1676:
1623:
1618:
1519:
1473:
1461:
1447:F1 hand grenade
1405:
1367:
1239:
1153:
1140:Škorpion vz. 61
1136:
1134:Submachine guns
1109:
1089:
1040:Lebanese Forces
1026:Lebanese Forces
1018:Siege of Beirut
971:
924:
837:Lebanese Forces
791:Downtown Beirut
748:
709:
649:
620:(PFLP) and the
544:border villages
524:
476:
475:
473:
445:
443:
442:
437:
433:
425:
423:
422:
413:
408:
397:
396:
387:
385:
384:
379:
374:
364:
355:
353:Lebanese Forces
347:
345:
330:
328:
327:
319:
317:
316:
303:
301:
300:
291:
289:
288:
279:
277:
276:
266:
257:
255:
254:
243:
173:
157:
138:
125:
115:
104:
98:
95:
58:"Popular Guard"
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2777:
2767:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2732:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2701:
2689:
2688:External links
2686:
2684:
2683:
2669:
2655:
2638:Samir Kassir,
2636:
2617:
2611:
2596:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2573:
2556:
2537:
2530:
2521:
2515:
2500:
2494:
2477:
2471:
2458:
2452:
2439:
2433:
2420:
2406:
2387:
2368:
2355:
2338:
2324:
2310:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2292:
2279:
2266:
2253:
2240:
2227:
2214:
2201:
2188:
2175:
2162:
2149:
2136:
2134:(2023), p. 50.
2123:
2110:
2097:
2084:
2071:
2039:
2026:
1990:
1977:
1964:
1947:
1934:
1921:
1908:
1887:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1809:
1806:
1773:(ALICE) in OG
1753:
1750:
1734:
1731:
1675:
1672:
1668:Pakistani Army
1651:) patterns or
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1578:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1551:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1513:
1504:
1494:
1489:
1479:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1467:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1455:
1449:
1444:
1438:
1422:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1399:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1361:
1343:
1329:
1315:
1301:
1293:
1285:
1277:
1269:
1267:SG-43 Goryunov
1264:
1256:
1248:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1147:
1142:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1130:
1125:
1123:M1911A1 pistol
1120:
1118:Makarov pistol
1115:
1108:
1105:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1083:
1065:
1050:
1032:
1010:
1000:
998:Lebanese Front
983:
976:1958 civil war
970:
967:
932:Muhsin Ibrahim
923:
920:
888:militias, the
882:Al-Mourabitoun
833:Chouf District
804:Following the
795:Lebanese Front
775:Al-Mourabitoun
771:Lebanese Front
747:
744:
708:
705:
685:Koura District
658:Greek Orthodox
648:
645:
628:(ICP) and the
536:1958 civil war
523:
520:
478:
477:
469:
468:
465:
464:
458:
454:
453:
431:Al-Mourabitoun
362:Tigers Militia
343:
339:
338:
241:
237:
236:
235:5,000 fighters
233:
229:
228:
217:Koura District
213:Akkar District
206:
202:
201:
187:
183:
182:
168:
164:
163:
160:
154:
153:
144:
140:
139:
136:
128:
127:
124:Popular Guard
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2776:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2709:
2705:
2702:
2699:
2695:
2692:
2691:
2682:
2681:1-55876-115-2
2678:
2674:
2670:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2657:Marius Deeb,
2656:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2619:Jean Sarkis,
2618:
2614:
2612:0-86187-123-5
2608:
2604:
2603:
2597:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2582:
2570:
2569:8435568306073
2566:
2562:
2557:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2535:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2522:
2518:
2512:
2508:
2507:
2501:
2497:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2478:
2474:
2472:9953-0-0705-5
2468:
2464:
2459:
2455:
2449:
2445:
2440:
2436:
2430:
2426:
2421:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2389:Jean Dunord,
2388:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2377:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2354:
2353:0-333-72975-7
2350:
2346:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2336:9781472855961
2333:
2329:
2326:Chris McNab,
2325:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2312:Chris McNab,
2311:
2308:
2307:
2302:
2301:
2289:
2283:
2276:
2270:
2263:
2257:
2250:
2244:
2237:
2231:
2224:
2218:
2211:
2205:
2198:
2192:
2185:
2179:
2172:
2166:
2160:(2018), p. 9.
2159:
2153:
2146:
2140:
2133:
2127:
2120:
2114:
2107:
2101:
2094:
2088:
2081:
2075:
2067:
2066:
2061:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2036:
2030:
2022:
2016:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1994:
1987:
1981:
1974:
1968:
1961:
1960:MERIP Reports
1957:
1954:Stork, Joe. "
1951:
1944:
1938:
1931:
1925:
1918:
1912:
1897:
1891:
1884:
1878:
1874:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1854:Souha Bechara
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1805:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1759:
1752:Accoutrements
1749:
1747:
1743:
1740:
1730:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1688:mustard khaki
1685:
1681:
1680:Baseball caps
1671:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1654:
1653:U.S. Woodland
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1635:
1631:
1628:
1627:Lebanese Army
1613:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1588:, armed with
1587:
1583:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1512:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1365:Sniper rifles
1359:
1355:
1351:
1348:14.5 mm
1347:
1344:
1341:
1337:
1334:14.5 mm
1333:
1330:
1327:
1323:
1320:12.7 mm
1319:
1316:
1313:
1309:
1306:12.7 mm
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1082:
1078:
1077:Amal movement
1074:
1070:
1066:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1044:Lebanese Army
1041:
1037:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1009:
1005:
1001:
999:
993:
988:
984:
981:
977:
973:
972:
966:
964:
960:
956:
952:
947:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
919:
917:
914:
910:
906:
902:
897:
895:
891:
887:
883:
880:
876:
872:
871:Lebanese Army
868:
864:
863:Amal Movement
861:
857:
853:
848:
846:
842:
841:Lebanese Army
838:
834:
830:
826:
823:(PLA) of the
822:
819:
815:
811:
807:
802:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
765:
761:
757:
753:
743:
741:
737:
736:Rachid Karami
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
714:
704:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
669:Elias Atallah
666:
665:nom de guerre
662:
659:
655:
644:
642:
638:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
567:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
548:South Lebanon
545:
541:
540:Lebanese Army
537:
533:
529:
519:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
493:
489:
485:
484:Popular Guard
472:
466:
462:
459:
455:
452:
440:
436:
432:
421:
420:Amal Movement
417:
411:
406:
401:
394:
382:
377:
372:
368:
363:
359:
354:
344:
340:
337:
326:
314:
310:
298:
286:
274:
270:
264:
252:
247:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
169:
165:
161:
155:
152:
151:Elias Atallah
148:
145:
141:
134:
129:
122:
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
2672:
2658:
2639:
2620:
2601:
2585:
2560:
2540:
2533:
2525:
2505:
2485:
2481:
2462:
2443:
2424:
2409:
2390:
2375:
2358:
2344:
2327:
2313:
2305:
2287:
2282:
2274:
2269:
2261:
2256:
2248:
2243:
2235:
2230:
2222:
2217:
2209:
2204:
2196:
2191:
2183:
2178:
2170:
2165:
2157:
2152:
2144:
2139:
2131:
2126:
2118:
2113:
2105:
2100:
2092:
2087:
2079:
2074:
2065:Shotgun News
2063:
2034:
2029:
2007:
1993:
1985:
1984:O'Ballance,
1980:
1972:
1971:O'Ballance,
1967:
1959:
1950:
1942:
1937:
1929:
1924:
1916:
1911:
1900:. Retrieved
1890:
1882:
1881:Rabinovich,
1877:
1814:Anwar Yassin
1792:(LF) or the
1781:olive green
1755:
1736:
1695:
1677:
1648:
1624:
1579:
1550:pickup truck
1509:122 mm
1499:(mounted on
1484:(mounted on
1454:hand grenade
1391:Steyr SSG 69
1338:(mounted on
1172:MAS-49 rifle
1167:Mosin–Nagant
1101:black market
1090:
1079:against the
1056:against the
1038:against the
1036:Mountain War
1020:against the
1006:against the
996:against the
948:
925:
913:Sunni Muslim
905:Ba'ath Party
898:
865:, backed by
849:
814:Mountain War
803:
749:
740:Beqaa Valley
726:and corrupt
724:Ahmad Karami
710:
664:
650:
603:East Germany
568:
525:
499:
496:الحرس الشعبي
487:
483:
481:
470:
186:Headquarters
126:الحرس الشعبي
105:
99:October 2011
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2539:Yann Mahé,
1941:Traboulsi,
1819:George Hawi
1630:olive green
1556:light truck
1548:Peugeot 504
1441:Type 69 RPG
1376:PSL (rifle)
1208:, Romanian
1190:Zastava M70
992:2 years war
940:Pan-Arabist
928:George Hawi
909:Syrian Army
873:, and anti-
860:Shia Muslim
781:(NCM), the
752:George Hawi
732:Maan Karami
728:Syrian Army
677:West Beirut
661:George Hawi
611:Palestinian
597:, and some
573:(PLO), the
546:located in
463:(1975–1990)
451:Syrian Army
325:Syrian Army
147:George Hawi
2738:Categories
2297:References
1902:2011-09-20
1641:Iraqi Army
1586:Gun trucks
1582:Technicals
1507:BM-21 Grad
1501:Technicals
1486:Technicals
1358:Gun trucks
1354:Technicals
1340:Technicals
1326:Technicals
1312:Technicals
1204:, Chinese
1095:(LAF) and
1071:alongside
1060:and other
1028:, and the
980:right-wing
951:Jabal Amel
767:right-wing
701:Jabal Amel
687:, and the
601:, such as
560:Jabal Amel
69:newspapers
2549:1957-4193
2399:0769-4814
2156:Neville,
2015:cite news
1870:Footnotes
1765:(LCE) in
1721:caps and
1696:Panamanka
1471:Artillery
1465:M2 mortar
1432:anti-tank
1416:anti-tank
1386:M40 rifle
1157:M1 Garand
1113:TT pistol
1073:Hezbollah
990:(Part of
955:Hezbollah
896:(KDP-L).
879:Nasserite
850:When the
764:Christian
634:Ba'athist
591:left-wing
552:Kfar Kila
532:sectarian
342:Opponents
336:Hezbollah
2286:Kassis,
2234:Kassis,
2221:Dunord,
2208:Dunord,
2169:Kassis,
2143:Kassis,
2104:Kassis,
2091:Dunord,
2033:Dunord,
1808:See also
1746:sneakers
1742:Pataugas
1739:high-top
1733:Footwear
1711:kaffiyeh
1690:cotton (
1674:Headgear
1662:, OG US
1517:Vehicles
1437:launcher
1421:launcher
1064:factions
1046:and the
978:against
843:and the
777:and the
758:(LNM) –
673:Maronite
530:and non-
518:(LNRF).
167:Group(s)
2273:McNab,
2260:McNab,
2130:McNab,
1723:Ushanka
1715:foulard
1698:), and
1692:Russian
1634:US Army
1606:ZU-23-2
1528:UAZ-469
1459:Mortars
1296:M1919A4
1280:Type 67
1206:Type 56
1107:Pistols
936:leftist
847:(MNF).
801:(AFL).
720:Tripoli
713:Alawite
699:of the
681:Tripoli
663:(whose
566:(IDF).
528:secular
522:Origins
311:(PSP)/
177:(LNM),
143:Leaders
83:scholar
2708:French
2698:French
2679:
2665:
2652:French
2646:
2633:French
2627:
2609:
2592:
2567:
2553:French
2547:
2513:
2492:
2469:
2450:
2431:
2403:French
2397:
2383:
2363:French
2351:
2334:
2320:
2195:Mahé,
1719:Fleece
1707:berets
1660:Parkas
1645:Lizard
1608:, and
1554:GAZ-66
1221:FN CAL
1216:FN FAL
1202:AK-103
1162:StG 44
1042:, the
1024:, the
875:Arafat
869:, the
616:, the
607:Jordan
595:Jordan
492:Arabic
299:(PFLP)
275:(OCAL)
265:(SSNP)
240:Allies
209:Beirut
194:Beirut
181:(LNRF)
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
2484:[
1958:" in
1802:khaki
1798:RPG-7
1783:Nylon
1775:Nylon
1767:khaki
1758:khaki
1700:black
1590:DShkM
1452:RGD-5
1425:RPG-2
1409:RPG-7
1304:DShKM
1259:DP-28
1231:M16A1
1198:AK-74
1194:AK-63
1182:AK-47
1145:MP 40
1128:CZ 75
867:Syria
856:Druze
818:Druze
689:Sidon
637:Iraqi
614:Fatah
587:Libya
579:Syria
556:Houla
441:(IUM)
412:(SLA)
407:(IDF)
395:(AFL)
383:(GoC)
378:(TTC)
373:(KRF)
315:(PLA)
287:(LAA)
253:(PLO)
225:Houla
198:Houla
190:Zarif
90:JSTOR
76:books
2706:(in
2696:(in
2677:ISBN
2663:ISBN
2650:(in
2644:ISBN
2631:(in
2625:ISBN
2607:ISBN
2590:ISBN
2551:(in
2545:ISSN
2511:ISBN
2490:ISBN
2467:ISBN
2448:ISBN
2429:ISBN
2401:(in
2395:ISSN
2381:ISBN
2365:) –
2349:ISBN
2332:ISBN
2318:ISBN
2021:link
1656:BDUs
1649:Mlok
1584:and
1356:and
1075:and
1067:The
1052:The
1034:The
1016:and
1012:The
1002:The
985:The
974:The
938:and
884:and
695:and
693:Tyre
679:and
671:, a
639:and
583:Iraq
575:USSR
554:and
482:The
232:Size
62:news
2565:EAN
2414:doi
1779:IDF
1727:fur
1704:red
1702:or
1686:in
1610:M40
1602:ZPU
1598:KPV
1594:NSV
1332:KPV
1318:NSV
1251:RPD
1243:RPK
1210:AIM
1186:AKM
1177:SKS
789:in
760:PLO
486:or
196:),
45:by
2740::
2373:,
2343:,
2062:.
2042:^
2017:}}
2013:{{
2002:.
1717:.
1694::
1682:,
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1604:,
1600:,
1596:,
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1430:,
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1272:PK
1200:,
1196:,
1192:,
1188:,
994:)
946:.
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691:,
585:,
581:,
577:,
498:|
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223:,
219:,
215:,
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2700:)
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2615:.
2571:.
2555:)
2519:.
2498:.
2475:.
2456:.
2437:.
2416::
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2068:.
2023:)
1905:.
1503:)
1488:)
1360:)
1342:)
1328:)
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192:(
112:)
106:(
101:)
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87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
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