452:
242:
as a whole, but in the 1930s, Old
Believers too were subjected to severe repressions. Most of their churches were confiscated or demolished. During the Soviet period, the social strata which had been traditionally the backbone of the Old Believer population - peasants, cossacks, craftsmen, artisans,
221:
Not all priested Old
Believers recognised this hierarchy. These dissenters were called беглопоповцы (beglopopovtsy) and obtained their own hierarchy in the 1920s. The priested Old Believers are thus represented by two churches that have the same beliefs, but treat each other's hierarchies as
209:(who had been removed under Turkish pressure) to become an Old Believer and to consecrate three Russian Old Believers priests as bishops. In 1859, the number of Old Believer bishops in Russia had reached ten, and they established their own episcopate, the so-called
442:
118:. They recognised ordained priests from the new style Russian Orthodox church who joined the Old Believers and who had denounced the Nikonian reforms. Popovtsy have priests, bishops and all sacraments, including the Eucharist.
82:
As none of the bishops joined the Old
Believers (except Bishop Paul of Kolomna, who was executed), ordained priests of the Old Rite would have soon become extinct. Two responses appeared to this dilemma: the
172:
Around 1800, a group of
Popovtsy, mainly merchants from Moscow seeking the abrogation of discriminating legislation which obstructed their commercial activities, offered to acknowledge the leadership of the
359:
293:
344:
108:
150:, although they were scattered throughout Russia and even far beyond its boundaries. In the late 18th - early 19th century their spiritual centre was located in
114:
The
Popovtsy represented the more moderate conservative opposition, who strove to continue religious and church life as it had existed before the reforms of
329:
287:
447:
313:
In the 21st century, over 7,000 Old
Believers live in the US, including members of the Popovtsy, with settlements in Oregon and Alaska.
243:
merchants and entrepreneurs, were practically extinguished. Nowadays Old
Believers' churches are restored and recognized by the State.
177:
of the
Russian Orthodox State Church, on condition that they would be allowed to use the old books and rites. They came to be known as
422:
267:
99:
structure, which would later break into a number of smaller movements (e.g., those who accepted the priesthood of the
91:
Old
Believers (беспоповцы, Bezpopovtsy). As opposed to the Bezpopovtsy, the Popovtsy recognised the validity of the
481:
297:
223:
202:
465:Старообрядчество. Лица, предметы, события и символы. Опыт энциклопедического словаря. - М., 1996.
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group in Russia which originated in the 17th century. They were one of the two main factions of
238:
of 1917. For some time (in the early 1920s), the Soviet regime was rather tolerant towards the
76:
392:
155:
95:
of clergy ordained by the State Church, receiving them into their fold, creating their own
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refused to acknowledge the changes which he had made to bring the church in line with the
8:
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235:
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278:. It is the largest popovtsy church in modern Russia. In the 19th century, the
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408:
University of
California, National Heritage Language Resource Center section,
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52:
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56:
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In the 18th - 19th centuries, the Popovtsy lived in communities on the
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48:
205:
Amvrosii (Popovich, 1791-1863), a deposed Greek Orthodox bishop of
135:
395:
Traditional Customs of Russian Old Believers in Woodburn, Oregon
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151:
174:
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and are generally not regarded as Old Believers, but rather
427:, article by Alexander Dolitskey, published January 5, 2022
216:
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The Arrival of Russian Old Believers in Alaska, Part 2
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Russian Old Believers in the USA: Language and Belief
121:
446:
473:
330:Catholic Near East Welfare Association website,
412:, by Tamara Morris, published August 19, 2016
347:Religious Flight and Migration: Old Believers
21:
190:
453:нциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона
87:Old Believers (поповцы, Popovtsy). and the
468:Старообрядческие иерархи. - М., 2002.
455: : в 86 т. (82 т. и 4 доп.). —
393:University of Kansas website, Journals,
217:Beglopopovsty; Novozybkovskaya hierarchy
62:
456:
474:
397:, article by Elena Razumovskaya (2008)
234:The Popovtsy were hostile towards the
222:illegitimate. It is now known as the
30:
374:
372:
370:
268:Russian Orthodox Oldritualist Church
246:
142:, in monasteries of the province of
229:
13:
435:
107:who rejected this hierarchy, the
71:in the 1650s, many members of the
14:
493:
367:
334:, article dated September 4, 2021
270:, has its centre situated at the
122:Spiritual centres of the Popovtsy
379:Church of the Nativity website,
201:In 1846, the Popovtsy convinced
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353:
338:
323:
161:
1:
345:Library of Congress website,
316:
7:
463:Вургафт С. Г., Ушаков И. А.
298:Russian Old-Orthodox Church
296:, officially known as the
224:Russian Old-Orthodox Church
10:
498:
381:Background to the Old Rite
360:Oxford Reference website,
194:
165:
423:Alaska Watchman website,
308:
294:Novozybkovskaya Hierarchy
280:Belokrinitskaya Hierarchy
260:Belokrinitskaya Hierarchy
211:Belokrinitskaya Hierarchy
197:Belokrinitskaya Hierarchy
191:Belokrinitskaya hierarchy
101:Belokrinitskaya hierarchy
69:Patriarch Nikon of Moscow
44:
22:
266:, and officially called
251:The two churches of the
362:Overview: Old Believers
264:Belokrinitskoe Soglasie
73:Russian Orthodox Church
109:Belovodskaya hierarchy
35:, "priested ones") or
482:Old Believer movement
77:Greek Orthodox Church
67:After the reforms of
63:Historical background
59:("priestless ones").
203:Metropolitan Ambrose
156:Rogozhskoye cemetery
32:[pɐˈpoft͡sɨ]
272:Rogozhskoe cemetery
236:October Revolution
332:The Old Believers
282:was subject to a
247:Popovtsy Churches
55:, along with the
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365:
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288:Okruzhnyy Raskol
262:, also known as
230:Modern situation
148:Kerzhenets River
103:, the so-called
46:
34:
29:
25:
24:
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436:Further reading
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144:Nizhny Novgorod
124:
116:Patriarch Nikon
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27:
12:
11:
5:
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443:Храневич К. И.
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195:Main article:
192:
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185:Old-Ritualists
166:Main article:
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160:
123:
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97:ecclesiastical
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20:(Russian:
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6:
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3:
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302:beglopopovtsy
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240:Old Believers
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105:Beglopopovtsy
102:
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78:
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60:
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53:Old Believers
50:
42:
38:
33:
19:
462:
459:, 1890-1907.
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355:
346:
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331:
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184:
178:
171:
138:, along the
128:Vetka Island
125:
113:
88:
84:
81:
66:
36:
17:
15:
180:Edinovertsy
162:Edinovertsy
140:Irgiz River
57:Bezpopovtsy
37:Popovschina
317:References
168:Edinoverie
146:along the
132:Sozh River
93:priesthood
89:priestless
448:Поповщина
300:, former
111:, etc.).
49:Christian
45:поповщина
476:Category
253:Popovtsy
136:Starodub
85:priested
47:) are a
18:Popovtsy
154:at the
130:on the
41:Russian
23:поповцы
349:(2000)
309:The US
284:schism
276:Moscow
207:Bosnia
152:Moscow
255:are:
175:Synod
134:, in
457:СПб.
28:IPA:
16:The
451://
286:of
274:in
478::
369:^
226:.
213:.
187:.
158:.
79:.
43::
26:,
304:.
290:.
39:(
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