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1123:
societies consider sex outside of marriage or "spouse swapping" to be socially acceptable. Some consider a relationship monogamous even if partners separate and move to a new monogamous relationship through death, divorce, or simple dissolution of the relationship, regardless of the length of the relationship (serial monogamy). Anthropologists characterize human beings as “mildly polygynous” or “monogamous with polygynous tendencies.” The average pre-historic man with modern descendants appears to have had children with between 1.5 women (70,000 years ago) to 3.3 women (45,000 years ago), except in East Asia. While the forms of non-monogamy in prehistorical times is unknown, these rates could be consistent with a society that practices serial monogamy. Anthropological observations indicate that even when polygyny is accepted in the community, the majority of relationships in the society are monogamous in practice – while couples remain in the relationship, which may not be lifelong. Thus, in many historical communities, serial monogamy may have been the accepted practice rather than a lifelong monogamous bond. The genetic record indicates that monogamy increased within the last 5,000-10,000 years, a period associated with the development of human agriculture, non-communal land ownership, and inheritance.
1950:
presence at the wedding in Cana (John 2:2). In the Church—the City of God—marriage is a sacrament and may not and cannot be dissolved as long as the spouses live: "But a marriage once for all entered upon in the City of our God, where, even from the first union of the two, the man and the woman, marriage bears a certain sacramental character, can in no way be dissolved but by the death of one of them." In chapter 7, Augustine pointed out that the Roman Empire forbad polygamy, even if the reason of fertility would support it: "For it is in a man's power to put away a wife that is barren, and marry one of whom to have children. And yet it is not allowed; and now indeed in our times, and after the usage of Rome (nostris quidem iam temporibus ac more Romano), neither to marry in addition, so as to have more than one wife living." Further on he notices that the Church's attitude goes much further than the secular law regarding monogamy: It forbids remarrying, considering such to be a form of fornication: "And yet, save in the City of our God, in His Holy Mount, the case is not such with the wife. But, that the laws of the
Gentiles are otherwise, who is there that knows not."
1597:
polyandry (in which women have multiple male partners) was likely in pre-history; it also identified 53 communities studied between 1912 and 2010 with either formal or informal polyandry, indicating that polyandry was more common worldwide than previously believed. The authors found that polyandry was most common in egalitarian societies, and suspected contributors to polyandry included fewer men (due to the existence or threat of high adult male mortality or absence/travel) and higher male contributions towards food production. Polyandry still appears to occur in the minority of societies. Regardless of the type of polygamy, even when polygyny is accepted in the community, the majority of relationships in the society are monogamous in practice – while couples remain in the relationship, which may not be lifelong. In many historical communities, serial monogamy may have been the accepted practice rather than a lifelong monogamous bond. How monogamy is defined when it comes to accepted sexual activity outside of the relationship, however, may differ by society.
1322:
1631:
whole-genome dataset. They found that the
Southern Han Chinese had a male bias (45% female, indicating that women were likely to reproduce with multiple men). This region is known for its lack of a concept of paternity and for a sense of female equality or superiority. The Musharoff study also found a male bias in Europeans (20% female) during an out-of-Africa migration event that may have increased the number of men successfully reproducing with women, perhaps by replenishing the genetic pool in Europe. The study did confirm a more typical female bias in Yorubans (63% female), Europeans (84%), Punjabis (82%), and Peruvians (56%).
1382:
1184:
3635:
2301:
3579:
1627:
with the existence of a "honeymoon period", a period of intense interest in a single sexual partner (with less interest in other women) which may help to keep men invested in staying with the mother of their child for this period. When reciprocated, this "honeymoon period" lasts 18 months to three years in most cases. This would correspond to the period necessary to bring a child to relative independence in the traditionally small, interdependent, communal societies of pre-Neolithic humans, before they settled into agricultural communities.
1601:
reproductive monogamy became more common at that time. This would correspond to the
Neolithic agricultural revolution. During this time, formerly nomadic societies began to claim and settle land for farming, leading to the advent of property ownership and therefore inheritance. Men would therefore seek to ensure that their land would go to direct descendants and had a vested interest in limiting the sexual activities of their reproductive partners. It is possible that the concept of marriage and permanent monogamy evolved at this time.
3346:
partners in polygamous relationships as separate claimants could in some situations mean that polygamous households receive more under
Universal Credit than they do under the current rules for means-tested benefits and tax credits. This is because, as explained above, the amounts which may be paid in respect of additional spouses are lower than those which generally apply to single claimants." There is currently no official statistics data on cohabiting polygamous couples who have arranged marriage in religious ceremonies.
1424:
1166:
2724:) along with the husband. The chief consort had to be of an equal knowledge. If a man married several women from the same knowledgeable, then the eldest wife held the position of the chief consort. Hindu kings commonly had more than one wife and are regularly attributed four wives by the scriptures. They were: Mahisi, who was the chief consort, Parivrkti, who had no son, Vaivata, who is considered the favorite wife and the Palagali, who was the daughter of the last of the court officials.
3355:
3607:
3171:
12732:
3621:
3593:
66:
223:
3342:). In a written answer to the House of Commons, "In Great Britain, polygamy is only recognized as valid in law in circumstances where the marriage ceremony has been performed in a country whose laws permit polygamy and the parties to the marriage were domiciled there at the time. In addition, immigration rules have generally prevented the formation of polygamous households in this country since 1988."
147:
107:
992:, of 1,231 societies noted between from 1960 to 1980, 588 had frequent polygyny, 453 had occasional polygyny, 186 were monogamous, and 4 had polyandry – although more recent research found some form of polyandry in 53 communities, which is more common than previously thought. In cultures which practice polygamy, its prevalence among that population often correlates with
3242:(ICCPR), citing concerns that the lack of "equality of treatment with regard to the right to marry" meant that polygamy, restricted to polygyny in practice, violates the dignity of women and should be outlawed. Specifically, reports to UN Committees have noted violations of ICCPR due to these inequalities, and reports to the UN General Assembly have recommended it be outlawed.
3069:(or other countries where the practice was not prohibited by their tradition and was not illegal) are not subject to this Israeli law. But Mizrahi Jews are not permitted to enter into new polygamous marriages in Israel. However polygamy may still occur in non-European Jewish communities that exist in countries where it is not forbidden, such as Jewish communities in
1280:, polygyny is common and deeply rooted in the culture, with 11% of the population of sub-Saharan Africa living in such marriages (25% of the Muslim population and 3% of the Christian population, as of 2019). According to Pew, polygamy is widespread in a cluster of countries in West and Central Africa, including Burkina Faso, (36%), Mali (34%) and Nigeria (28%).
2864:, that the husband cannot marry another woman during their marriage. In such a case, the husband cannot marry another woman as long as he is married to his wife. However, other Islamic scholars state that this condition is not allowed. According to traditional Islamic law, each of those wives keeps their property and assets separate; and are paid
1449:
polyandry is related to the scarcity of land; the marriage of all brothers in a family to the same wife allows family land to remain intact and undivided. If every brother married separately and had children, family land would be split into unsustainable small plots. In Europe, this outcome was avoided through the social practice of
3010:. About 1000 CE he called a synod which decided the following particulars: (1) prohibition of polygamy; (2) necessity of obtaining the consent of both parties to a divorce; (3) modification of the rules concerning those who became apostates under compulsion; (4) prohibition against opening correspondence addressed to another. Some
2596:
his father, who attempted to present him with evidence to the contrary. Smith typically responded to such accusations by saying that he was "not positive nor sure that [his father] was innocent", and that if, indeed, the elder Smith had been involved, it was still a false practice. However, many members of the
1848:", a dispensation to take a second wife. The double marriage was to be done in secret, however, to avoid public scandal. Some fifteen years earlier, in a letter to the Saxon Chancellor Gregor Brück, Luther stated that he could not "forbid a person to marry several wives, for it does not contradict Scripture." ("
1304:
are valued both as workers and as child bearers". Goody however, observes that the correlation is imperfect and varied, and also discusses more traditionally male-dominated though relatively extensive farming systems such as those traditionally common in much of West Africa, especially in the West
African
1910:
from His original plan for human marriage. Augustine wrote: "That the good purpose of marriage, however, is better promoted by one husband with one wife, than by a husband with several wives, is shown plainly enough by the very first union of a married pair, which was made by the Divine Being
Himself."
3496:
sustaining the conditions in which freedom can thrive. Polygamy in all its forms is a recipe for social structures that inhibit and ultimately undermine social freedom and democracy. A hard-won lesson of
Western history is that genuine democratic self-rule begins at the hearth of the monogamous family.
1495:, where girls undergo a ritual marriage before puberty, and the first husband is acknowledged as the father of all her children. However, the woman may never cohabit with that man, taking multiple lovers instead; these men must acknowledge the paternity of their children (and hence demonstrate that no
7477:
Since the founding of the Roman empire monogamy has prevailed more extensively than in times previous to that. The founders of that ancient empire were robbers and women stealers, and made laws favoring monogamy in consequence of the scarcity of women among them, and hence this monogamic system which
3458:
Authors such as Alyssa Rower and
Samantha Slark argue that there is a case for legalizing polygamy on the basis of regulation and monitoring of the practice, legally protecting the polygamous partners and allowing them to join mainstream society instead of forcing them to hide from it when any public
2833:
Also ˹forbidden are˺ married women—except ˹female˺ captives in your possession. This is Allah's commandment to you. Lawful to you are all beyond these—as long as you seek them with your wealth in a legal marriage, not in fornication. Give those you have consummated marriage with their due dowries. It
2828:
has the option to remarry without divorce from her previous husband, as her marriage with non-Muslim husband is
Islamically dissolved on her fleeing. A non-Muslim woman captured during war by Muslims, can also remarry, as her marriage with her non-Muslim husband is Islamically dissolved at capture by
2791:
The polygyny that is allowed in the Quran is for special situations. There are strict requirements to marrying more than one woman, as the man must treat them fairly financially and in terms of support given to each wife, according to
Islamic law. However, Islam advises monogamy for a man if he fears
2530:
were unconstitutional, but also allowed Utah to maintain its ban on multiple marriage licenses. Unlawful cohabitation, where prosecutors did not need to prove that a marriage ceremony had taken place (only that a couple had lived together), had been the primary tool used to prosecute polygamy in Utah
2354:
In accordance with what Joseph Smith indicated was a revelation, the practice of plural marriage, the marriage of one man to two or more women, was instituted among members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in the early 1840s. Despite Smith's revelation, the 1835 edition of the 101st
2004:
The Conference upholds monogamy as God's plan, as the idea of relationship of love between husband and wife; nevertheless recommends that a polygamist who responds to the Gospel and wishes to join the Anglican Church may be baptized and confirmed with his believing wives and children on the following
1965:
polygamy is not in accord with the moral law. communion is radically contradicted by polygamy; this, in fact, directly negates the plan of God that was revealed from the beginning, because it is contrary to the equal personal dignity of men and women who in matrimony give themselves with a love that
1901:
lists it in paragraph 2387 under the head "Other offenses against the dignity of marriage" and states that it "is not in accord with the moral law." Also in paragraph 1645 under the head "The Goods and Requirements of Conjugal Love" states "The unity of marriage, distinctly recognized by our Lord, is
1882:
concurs when he says to "submit yourselves for the Lord's sake to every authority instituted among men: whether to the king, as the supreme authority, or to governors, who are sent by him to punish those who do wrong and to commend those who do right." (1 Peter 2:13,14) Pro-polygamists argue that, as
1683:
was traditionally common, as was polygyny, and having several wives or husbands was never regarded as having sex with inappropriate partners. Most typically, fraternal polyandry is practiced, but sometimes father and son have a common wife, which is a unique family structure in the world. Other forms
1608:
More recent genetic data has clarified that, in most regions throughout history, a smaller proportion of men contributed to human genetic history compared to women. Assuming an equal number of men and women are born and survive to reproduce, this would indicate that historically, only a subset of men
1604:
Other scientific arguments for monogamy prior to 2003 were based on characteristics of reproductive physiology, such as sperm competition, sexual selection in primates, and body size characteristics. A 2019 synthesis of these and other data found that the weight of the evidence supports a mating bond
1333:
An analysis by James Fenske (2012) found that child mortality and ecologically related economic shocks had a significant association with rates of polygamy in sub-Saharan Africa, rather than female agricultural contributions (which are typically relatively small in the West African savanna and sahel,
1316:
Goody (1973) argues against the female contributions hypothesis. He notes Dorjahn's (1959) comparison of East and West Africa, showing higher female agricultural contributions in East Africa and higher polygyny rates in West Africa, especially the West African savanna, where one finds especially high
7960:
The Community of Christ . . . claims that polygamy was introduced by Brigham Young and his associates and that the revelation on polygamy, which was made public in 1852 by Young in Utah . . . was not in harmony with the original tenets of the church or with the teachings and
3130:
For those who were the most virtuous and pious, he chose out princesses, that all might desire virtue and chastity. He was content with one or two wives for himself, and disapproved of having many children, saying: to have many children is fitting for the populace, but kings and nobles take pride in
2800:
If you fear you might fail to give orphan women their ˹due˺ rights ˹if you were to marry them˺, then marry other women of your choice—two, three, or four. But if you are afraid you will fail to maintain justice, then ˹content yourselves with˺ one or those ˹bondwomen˺ in your possession. This way you
2638:
permit a man to marry women provided that the first wife agree to marry him. Despite its existence, it was most usually practiced by men of higher status. Common people were only allowed a second marriage if the first wife could not bear a son or have some dispute because there is no law for divorce
2595:
throughout his life. For most of his career, Smith denied that his father had been involved in the practice and insisted that it had originated with Brigham Young. Smith served many missions to the western United States, where he met with and interviewed associates and women claiming to be widows of
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of the LDS Church, publicly acknowledged the practice of plural marriage through a sermon he gave. Additional sermons by top Mormon leaders on the virtues of polygamy followed. Controversy followed when polygamy became a social cause, writers began to publish works condemning polygamy. The key plank
1979:
hosted a regional conference in Africa, in which the acceptance of polygamists into full membership by the Lutheran Church in Liberia was defended as being permissible. The Lutheran Church in Liberia, however, does not permit polygamists who have become Christians to marry more wives after they have
1596:
indicated that polygamy was common. A separate 1988 review examined the practices of 849 societies from before Western imperialism and colonization. The review found that 708 of the societies (83%) accepted polygyny. Only 16% were monogamous and 1% polyandrous. Subsequent evidence in 2012 found that
1448:
Polyandry is believed to be more common in societies with scarce environmental resources, as it is believed to limit human population growth and enhance child survival. It is a rare form of marriage that exists not only among poor families, but also the elite. For example, in the Himalayan Mountains
1303:
common in Eurasia and the extensive shifting horticulture found in sub-Saharan Africa. In some of the sparsely-populated regions where shifting cultivation takes place in Africa, women do much of the work. This favours polygamous marriages in which men seek to monopolize the production of women "who
8769:
In the Second Temple period in Palestine, plural marriage seems to have become less common than earlier, although it was not formally outlawed and was more common in Babylonia. It still appeared in the Talmud and was practiced occasionally in early medieval Europe. Gershom Me'or ha-Golah (the Light
2966:
contains a few specific regulations that apply to polygamy, such as Exodus 21:10: "If he take another wife for himself; her food, her clothing, and her duty of marriage, shall he not diminish". Deuteronomy 21:15–17, states that a man must award the inheritance due to a first-born son to the son who
1660:
states that "a man who is not satisfied with one woman and seeks out other women is on the path to decline". Other fragments in the Buddhist scripture seem to treat polygamy unfavorably, leading some authors to conclude that Buddhism generally does not approve of it or alternatively regards it as a
1630:
While genetic evidence typically displays a bias towards a smaller number of men reproducing with more women, some regions or time periods have shown the opposite. In a 2019 investigation, Musharoff et al. applied modern techniques to the 1000 Genomes Project Phase 3 high-coverage Complete Genomics
1617:
Second, it may suggest that some men had either more sex or more reproductive success with multiple women simultaneously; this could be caused by sexual liaisons outside of a lifelong "monogamous" relationship (which may or may not be acceptable in their society), having multiple committed partners
1373:. In such cases, the deceased man's heir may inherit his assets and wife; or, more usually, his brothers may marry the widow. This provides support for the widow and her children (usually also members of the brothers' kin group) and maintains the tie between the husbands' and wives' kin groups. The
3345:
The 2010 UK government decided that Universal Credit (UC), which replaces means-tested benefits and tax credits for working-age people and will not be completely introduced until 2021, will not recognize polygamous marriages. A House of Commons briefing paper states "Treating second and subsequent
3261:
applies throughout the country. It extends the definition of polygamy to having any kind of conjugal union with more than one person at the same time. Also anyone who assists, celebrates, or is a part to a rite, ceremony, or contract that sanctions a polygamist relationship is guilty of polygamy.
1949:
Augustine saw marriage as a covenant between one man and one woman, which may not be broken. It was the Creator who established monogamy: "Therefore, the first natural bond of human society is man and wife." Such marriage was confirmed by the Saviour in the Gospel of Matthew (Mat 19:9) and by His
1945:
As tribal populations grew, fertility was no longer a valid justification of polygamy: it "was lawful among the ancient fathers: whether it be lawful now also, I would not hastily pronounce (utrum et nunc fas sit, non temere dixerim). For there is not now necessity of begetting children, as there
1909:
saw a conflict with Old Testament polygamy. He refrained from judging the patriarchs, but did not deduce from their practice the ongoing acceptability of polygyny. On the contrary, he argued that the polygamy of the Fathers, which was tolerated by the Creator because of fertility, was a diversion
1626:
The serial monogamy interpretation of genetic history would be congruent with other findings, such as the fact that humans form pair bonds (although not necessarily for life) and that human fathers invest in at least the early upbringing of their children. Serial monogamy would also be consistent
1414:
Marriage is the moment at which a new household is formed, but different arrangements may occur depending upon the type of marriage and some polygamous marriages do not result in the formation of a single household. In many polygynous marriages the husband's wives may live in separate households.
3495:
Marriage, as its ultramodern critics would like to say, is indeed about choosing one's partner, and about freedom in a society that values freedom. But that's not the only thing it is about. As the Supreme Court justices who unanimously decided Reynolds in 1878 understood, marriage is also about
3476:
argued that, as a simple matter of equal treatment under the law, polygamy ought to be legal. Acknowledging that underage girls are sometimes coerced into polygamous marriages, Turley replied that "banning polygamy is no more a solution to child abuse than banning marriage would be a solution to
2998:
include, " 'Be thou betrothed to half of me,' she is betrothed; 'Half of thee be betrothed to me,' she is not betrothed" and elsewhere, "A man may marry wives in addition to the first wife; provided only that he possesses the means to maintain them", though another opinion in the Talmud requires
1122:
Outside of the legal sphere, defining polygamy can be difficult because of differences in cultural assumptions regarding monogamy. Some societies believe that monogamy requires limiting sexual activity to a single partner for life. Others accept or endorse pre-marital sex prior to marriage. Some
1613:
The first interpretation is a harem model, where one man will out-compete other men (presumably through acts of violence or power) for exclusive sexual access to a group of women. Groups of women could be related or unrelated. This does not seem to reflect real-world observations in more modern
3560:
to introduce new legislation concerning plural marriage. The argument ran that after the war, 3 to 4 million women would have to remain unmarried due to the great number of soldiers fallen in battle. In order to make it possible for these women to have children, a procedure for application and
3033:
The assembly led by Rabbeinu Gershom instituted a ban on polygamy, but this ban was not well received by the Sephardic communities. In addition to the ban, Gershon also introduced a law called Heter meah rabbanim which allows the men to remarry with the permission from one hundred rabbis from
1621:
Third, it may suggest that some men were more likely than other men to have a series of monogamous relationships that led to children with different women throughout the man's life (serial monogamy). There are a variety of explanations for this that range from the woman's decisions (the man's
6978:
6929:
6906:
1600:
Recent anthropological data suggest that the modern concept of life-long monogamy has been in place for only the last 1,000 years. Genetic evidence has demonstrated that a greater proportion of men began contributing to the genetic pool between 5,000 and 10,000 years ago, which suggests that
3030:), and many other rabbis from Safed, the ban of Rabbeinu Gershom had expired, and therefore even Ashkenazim could marry additional wives. Even in instances where the husband made prenuptial agreements not to marry additional wives, local rabbis found loopholes to allow them to do so anyway.
6993:
6964:
6950:
1913:
Augustine taught that the reason patriarchs had many wives was not because of fornication, but because they wanted more children. He supported his premise by showing that their marriages, in which husband was the head, were arranged according to the rules of good management: those who are
7226:
Three nights public discussion between the Revds. C. W. Cleeve, James Robertson, and Philip Cater, and Elder John Taylor, Of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, At Boulogne-Sur-Mer, France. Chairman, Rev. K. Groves, M.A., Assisted By Charles Townley, LL.D., and Mr. Luddy.
1317:
male agricultural contributions. Goody says, "The reasons behind polygyny are sexual and reproductive rather than economic and productive" (1973:189), arguing that men marry polygynously to maximize their fertility and to obtain large households containing many young dependent males.
1350:, where the co-wives are not related. Polygyny offers husbands the benefit of allowing them to have more children, may provide them with a larger number of productive workers (where workers are family), and allows them to establish politically useful ties with a greater number of
1533:, in which divorce and remarriage occur, as a form of polygamy as it also can establish a series of households that may continue to be tied by shared paternity and shared income. As such, they are similar to the household formations created through divorce and serial monogamy.
1377:
resembles the levirate, in that a widower must marry the sister of his dead wife. The family of the late wife, in other words, must provide a replacement for her, thus maintaining the marriage alliance. Both levirate and sororate may result in a man having multiple wives.
7478:
now prevails throughout Christendom, and which had been so fruitful a source of prostitution and whoredom throughout all the Christian monogamic cities of the Old and New World, until rottenness and decay are at the root of their institutions both national and religious.
3992:
1609:
fathered children and did so with multiple women (and may suggest that many men either did not procreate or did not have children that survived to create modern ancestors). This circumstance could occur for several reasons, but there are three common interpretations:
1765:, noting that a man and a wife "shall become one flesh". Paul stated in one of his letters that "For the wife does not have authority over her own body, but the husband does. Likewise the husband does not have authority over his own body, but the wife does".
1536:
Serial monogamy creates a new kind of relative, the "ex-". The "ex-wife", for example, can remain an active part of her "ex-husband's" life, as they may be tied together by legally or informally mandated economic support, which can last for years, including by
1942:. The Bible often equates worshiping multiple gods, i.e. idolatry to fornication. Augustine relates to that: "On this account there is no True God of souls, save One: but one soul by means of many false gods may commit fornication, but not be made fruitful."
1358:. Wives', especially senior wives', status in a community can increase through the addition of other wives, who add to the family's prosperity or symbolize conspicuous consumption (much as a large house, domestic help, or expensive vacations operate in a
2448:
declared that polygamy was not protected by the Constitution, based on the longstanding legal principle that "laws are made for the government of actions, and while they cannot interfere with mere religious belief and opinions, they may with practices."
1883:
long as polygamists currently do not obtain legal marriage licenses nor seek "common law marriage status" for additional spouses, no enforced laws are being broken any more than when monogamous couples similarly co-habitate without a marriage license.
6914:
6857:
2829:
Muslim soldiers. This permission is given to such women in verse 4:24 of Quran. The verse also emphasizes on transparency, mutual agreement and financial compensation as prerequisites for matrimonial relationship as opposed to prostitution; it says:
6936:
1960:
In modern times a minority of Roman Catholic theologians have argued that polygamy, though not ideal, can be a legitimate form of Christian marriage in certain regions, in particular Africa. The Roman Catholic Church teaches in its Catechism that:
1389:
In monogamous societies, wealthy and powerful men may establish enduring relationships with, and established separate household for, multiple female partners, aside from their legitimate wives; a practice accepted in Imperial China up until the
3444:
Prosecutors in Utah have long had a policy of not pursuing polygamy in the absence of other associated crimes (e.g. fraud, abuse, marriage of underage persons, etc.). There are about 30,000 people living in polygamous communities in Utah.
1655:
affair. Normally Buddhist monks do not participate in it (though in some sects priests and monks do marry). Hence marriage receives no religious sanction. Forms of marriage, in consequence, vary from country to country. The Parabhava
1549:. Bob Simpson, the British social anthropologist, notes that it creates an "extended family" by tying together a number of households, including mobile children. He says that Britons may have ex‑wives or ex‑brothers‑in‑law, but not an
4097:
1867:, has 15 wives. In some instances in recent times, there have been moves for accommodation; in other instances, churches have strongly resisted such moves. African Independent Churches have sometimes referred to those parts of the
6328:
3436:
and other groups, struck down the parts of Utah's bigamy law that criminalized cohabitation, while also acknowledging that the state may still enforce bans on having multiple marriage licenses. This decision was overturned by the
2859:
One reason cited for polygyny is that it allows a man to give financial protection to multiple women, who might otherwise not have any support (e.g. widows). However, some Islamic scholars say the wife can set a condition, in the
1719:
explicitly allowed for polygamy, especially amongst the noble class. Some modern Celtic pagan religions accept the practice of polygamy to varying degrees, though how widespread the practice is within these religions is unknown.
1311:
Anthropologists Douglas R. White and Michael L. Burton discuss and support Jack Goody's observation regarding African male farming systems in "Causes of Polygyny: Ecology, Economy, Kinship, and Warfare" where these authors note:
3021:
Polygamy was common among Jewish communities in the Levant, possibly due to the influence of Muslim society, with 17% of divorce claims by women being due to complaints over husbands taking additional wives. According to R.
3844:
2868:
separately by their husband. Usually the wives have little to no contact with each other and lead separate, individual lives in their own houses, and sometimes in different cities, though they all share the same husband.
1780:" Supporters of polygamy claim that this verse indicates that the term refers to a physical, rather than a spiritual, union. Such a claim also contradicts Paul's statement regarding authority other each other's bodies.
3337:
polygamy (having multiple partners at the same time) is not a criminal offence, provided the person does not register more than one marriage at the same time. In the UK, adultery is not a criminal offence (it is only a
3305:
can only be contracted between a man and a woman, neither of whom is married to someone else. Furthermore, Russia does not recognize polygamous marriages that had been contracted in other countries. Under Russian law,
3522:
Indonesia is the most populous Muslim country. Most polygamous families in the country are of Muslim background; they may also be aristocrats, registered civil servants, Islamic students (santri), and wholesalers.
2994:(11QT LVII 17–18) seems to prohibit polygamy. The rabbinical era, beginning with the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE, saw a continuation of some degree of legal acceptance for polygamy. Statements in the
2856:, his first wife, for 25 years, until she died. After her death, he married multiple women. Muhammad had a total of 9 wives at the same time, even though Muslim men were limited to 4 wives. His total wives are 11.
3561:
selection for suitable men (i.e. decorated war heroes) to enter a marital relationship with an additional woman was planned. The privileged position of the first wife was to be secured by awarding her the title
8724:
polygamy was accepted and practiced throughout Israel's history, although to what extent we cannot be sure, since the sources for the most part are derived from and describe the elite ruling and upper classes.
2935:
Countries that allow polygyny typically also require a man to obtain permission from his previous wives before marrying another, and require the man to prove that he can financially support multiple wives. In
2775:
And one of His signs is that He created for you spouses from among yourselves so that you may find comfort in them. And He has placed between you compassion and mercy. Surely in this are signs for people who
2600:
and some of the groups that were previously associated with it are not convinced that Joseph Smith practiced plural marriage and they believe that the evidence which indicates that he practiced it is flawed.
2228:
1791:
Have ye not read, that he which made them at the beginning made them male and female, And said, For this cause shall a man leave father and mother, and shall cleave to his wife: and they twain shall be one
985:
Worldwide, different societies variously encourage, accept or outlaw polygamy. In societies which allow or tolerate polygamy, polygyny is the accepted form in the vast majority of cases. According to the
3441:, thus effectively recriminalizing polygamy as a felony. In 2020, Utah voted to downgrade polygamy from a felony to an infraction, but it remains a felony if force, threats or other abuses are involved.
9520:
2738:
and made polygamy illegal for everyone in India except for Muslims. Prior to 1955, polygamy was permitted for Hindus. Marriage laws in India are dependent upon the religion of the parties in question.
10522:
6189:
1878:
writes "submit to the authorities, not only because of possible punishment but also because of conscience" (Romans 13:5), for "the authorities that exist have been established by God." (Romans 13:1)
9114:
5034:
4025:
10045:
6559:
2967:
was actually born first, even if he hates that son's mother and likes another wife more; and Deuteronomy 17:17 states that the king shall not have too many wives. Despite its prevalence in the
1953:
The Council of Trent condemns polygamy: "If anyone saith, that it is lawful for Christians to have several wives at the same time, and that this is not prohibited by any divine law; let him be
1902:
made clear in the equal personal dignity which must be accorded to husband and wife in mutual and unreserved affection. Polygamy is contrary to conjugal love which is undivided and exclusive."
2713:
allow marriage to a second wife if the first one is unable to discharge her religious duties or is unable to bear a child or have any dispute because in Hinduism there was no law for divorce.
4094:
10615:
9229:"Originally, Gershom's ban was limited in time to the year 1260", and a man "could marry more than one wife if he obtained the special permission of 100 rabbis in 3 countries". From faqs.org
1441:
Polyandry, the practice of a woman having more than one husband at one time, is much less prevalent than polygyny. It is specifically provided in the legal codes of some countries, such as
1118:
or polygamy Some definitions of serial monogamy consider it to be polygamy, as it can result in evidence of genetic polygamy. It can also be considered polygamy for anthropological reasons.
3245:
ICCPR does not apply to countries that have not signed it, which includes many Muslim countries such as Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Malaysia, Brunei, Oman, and South Sudan.
8399:
1032:
The term "polygamy" may be referring to one of various relational types, depending upon context. Four overlapping definitions can be adapted from the work of Ulrich Reichard and others:
7205:
2572:
1526:
refers to remarriage after divorce or death of a spouse from a monogamous marriage, i.e. multiple marriages but only one legal spouse at a time (a series of monogamous relationships).
10671:
6528:
3398:
it currently remains a controversial issue that has been subject to legislative battles throughout the years. As of 2020 Utah is the only state where the practice is designated as an
10353:
9357:
9045:
2944:, a man must justify taking an additional wife at a court hearing before he is allowed to do so. In Sudan, the government encouraged polygyny in 2001 to increase the population.
2555:, a dairy farmer excommunicated from the LDS Church in 1924. Several Mormon fundamentalist groups claim lineage through the Council of Friends, including but not limited to, the
7543:
9769:
8653:
The Oxford Companion to the Bible. Bruce M. Metzger and Michael D. Coogan, eds. Oxford University Press 1993. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. 19 March 2010.
1742:
alone as normative. Nevertheless, some Christians groups in different periods have practiced, or currently do practice, polygamy. Some Christians actively debate whether the
1618:
at once (polygyny), or simply sexual reproduction with multiple partners entirely outside of committed relationships (i.e., casual sex without relationships or pair-bonding).
10415:
7947:
1946:
then was, when, even when wives bear children, it was allowed, in order to a more numerous posterity, to marry other wives in addition, which now is certainly not lawful."
3971:
10290:
1479:
and part of northern India, in which two or more brothers would marry the same woman. It is most common in societies marked by high male mortality. It is associated with
10258:
9146:
843:
10226:
11710:
11697:
9196:
3389:
3270:
2556:
2143:
2139:
1675:, polyandry was legal in the kingdom of Kandy, but outlawed by British after conquering the kingdom in 1815. When the Buddhist texts were translated into Chinese, the
10462:
7630:– Helping Victims of Domestic Violence and Child Abuse in Polygamous Communities. A joint report from the offices of the Attorneys General of Arizona and Utah. (2006)
7373:
1045:
occurs when an individual has multiple partners that they live with, have sex with, and cooperate with in acquiring basic resources (such as shelter, food and money).
11715:
2349:
2273:
2488:
those who entered into, or performed, new plural marriages. Even so, many plural husbands and wives continued to cohabit until their deaths in the 1940s and 1950s.
7738:
1859:, tensions have frequently erupted between advocates of the Christian insistence on monogamy and advocates of the traditional practice of polygamy. For instance,
2431:
2383:
took multiple wives. Mormon elders who publicly taught that all men were commanded to enter plural marriage were subject to harsh discipline. On 7 June 1844 the
5760:
2587:, known as the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (RLDS Church) prior to 2001, has never sanctioned polygamy since its foundation in 1860.
10134:
8646:
1984:. Evangelical Lutheran missionaries in Maasai also tolerate the practice of polygamy and in Southern Sudan, some polygamists are becoming Lutheran Christians.
10645:
11533:
10075:
1574:-like arrangement where three or more adults live together, all considering themselves partners, sharing finances, children, and household responsibilities.
6551:
6181:
1276:'s impact on the male-to-female sex ratio as a key factor in the emergence and fortification of polygynous practices in regions of Africa. In the region of
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4015:
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10593:
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Scientific studies classify humans as "mildly polygynous" or "monogamous with polygynous tendencies." As mentioned above, data from 1960 to 1980 in the
10889:
10041:
9726:
6832:
5618:. For deeper, scholarly analysis, see e.g. David Silverman, "The Construction of 'Delicate' Objects in Counselling", in ed. Margaret Wetherell et al.,
2975:(and others), in contrast, states that "Polygyny continued to be practiced well into the biblical period, and it is attested among Jews as late as the
2095:
7012:
6634:
6336:
3320:-inhabited regions of Russia, men sometimes may have multiple women as wives, one report claims. This sometimes results in households that are openly
12076:
1308:, where more agricultural work is done by men, and where polygyny is desired by men more for the generation of male offspring whose labor is valued.
883:
10491:
9567:
11360:
10619:
10575:
9752:"GENERAL COMMENTS ADOPTED BY THE HUMAN RIGHTS COMMITTEE UNDER ARTICLE 40, PARAGRAPH 4, OF THE INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS"
9694:
9412:
7087:
4664:
Dupanloup, Isabelle; Pereira, Luisa; Bertorelle, Giorgio; Calafell, Francesc; Prata, Maria; Amorim, Antonio; Barbujani, Guido; et al. (2003).
4559:
Lippold, Sebastian; Xu, Hongyang; Ko, Albert; Li, Mingkun; Renaud, Gabriel; Butthof, Anne; Schröder, Roland; Stoneking, Mark (24 September 2014).
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3122:
had three wives. Polygamy appears to have been a right of spiritual dignitaries and aristocrats. It is mentioned in foreign writings, such as the
9751:
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2289:
2082:
9222:
8407:
7640:
6696:
6267:
9481:
8979:
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7809:
7197:
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9373:
7058:
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9799:
6520:
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3421:(LDS Church). The LDS Church subsequently ended the practice of polygamy around the turn of the twentieth century; however, several smaller
3149:
Each man according to his means contracts many or few marriages, whence their affection, divided as it is among various objects, grows cold.
2971:, some scholars do not believe that polygyny was commonly practiced in the biblical era because it required a significant amount of wealth.
1738:
describes numerous examples of polygamy among devotees to God, most Christian groups have rejected the practice of polygamy and have upheld
11814:
4839:
4184:
Kramer, Karen L.; Russell, Andrew F. (2014). "Kin-selected cooperation without lifetime monogamy: human insights and animal implications".
10343:
9435:"Tzvi Zohar's comprehensive academic research on the subject, Akdamot Journal for Jewish Thought 17, 2003, Beit Morasha Press (in Hebrew)"
7569:
4751:
1776:: "Do you not know that he who is joined to a prostitute becomes one body with her? For, as it is written, 'The two will become one flesh.
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9084:
9037:
8711:
7703:
4947:
3418:
814:
10196:
9295:
8756:
4870:
1684:
of marriage are also present, like group marriage and monogamous marriage. Polyandry (especially fraternal polyandry) is also common in
1362:). For such reasons, senior wives sometimes work hard or contribute from their own resources to enable their husbands to accumulate the
7987:
6809:
4069:
3911:
2591:, the first Prophet-President of the RLDS Church following the reorganization of the Church, was an ardent opponent of the practice of
9441:
9171:
7765:
7535:
4808:
3257:
has argued that polygyny is a violation of International Human Rights Law, as a form of gender discrimination. In Canada, the federal
1321:
970:
recognizes the relationship. In many countries, the law only recognises monogamous marriages (a person can only have one spouse, and
10900:
9773:
7623:
5402:
4118:
3375:
10099:
5275:
12373:
11574:
10998:
8345:
3096:
authorities, the concept of concubines may serve as a practical halachic justification for premarital or non-marital cohabitation.
2265:
10884:
10403:
2999:
divorcing a first wife before taking a second. In practice, polygamy was extremely rare in Jewish society in the Talmudic period.
2015:
that such a polygamist shall not be compelled to put away any of his wives on account of the social deprivation they would suffer.
11968:
11173:
8517:
8262:
2036:
8088:
4167:
10553:
10280:
9828:
9350:
9318:
5882:
Harcourt, A. H.; Harvey, P. H.; Larson, S. G.; Short, RV (1981). "Testis weight, body weight and breeding system in primates".
2359:, written after the doctrine of plural marriage began to be practiced, publicly condemned polygamy. This scripture was used by
1195:
Polygyny, the practice wherein a man has more than one wife at the same time, is by far the most common form of polygamy. Many
10248:
9138:
7492:
2517:
stated in 2005 that there were as many as 37,000 fundamentalists with less than half of them living in polygamous households.
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10868:
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10822:
10792:
10773:
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9597:
9506:
9078:
8955:
8880:
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8750:
8705:
8678:
8554:
8497:
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6098:
6059:
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5188:
4509:
4063:
3714:
3235:
2329:
2151:
876:
9188:
8596:
7318:
6065:
4916:
3002:
Later on, the Jewish codices began a process of restricting polygamy in Judaism. Most notable, though more specifically for
2495:
to leave the LDS Church in order to continue the practice of plural marriage. Polygamy among these groups persists today in
1711:
depending on the time period and the area. In some areas this continued even after Christianization began, for instance the
996:
and socioeconomic status. Polygamy (taking the form of polygyny) is most common in a region known as the "polygamy belt" in
11139:
10459:
4785:
3797:
2499:
and neighboring states as well as in the spin-off colonies. Polygamist churches of Mormon origin are often referred to as "
2410:
1874:
The illegality of polygamy in certain areas creates, according to certain Bible passages, additional arguments against it.
826:
9665:
8319:
5839:
Dixson, A. L.; Anderson, M. J. (2002). "Sexual selection, seminal coagulation and copulatory plug formation in primates".
11705:
11567:
7727:
5484:
3776:
2067:
2009:
that the polygamist shall promise not to marry again as long as any of his wives at the time of his conversion are alive;
1039:
occurs when an individual is married to more than one person. The other spouses may or may not be married to one another.
17:
10375:
ROWER, ALYSSA (29 December 2017). "The Legality of Polygamy: Using the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment".
8457:"LES EXPERTS DU CEDAW S'INQUIÈTENT DE LA PERSISTANCE DE STÉRÉOTYPES SEXISTES ET DE LA SITUATION DES MINORITÉS EN SERBIE"
4352:"Are We Monogamous? A Review of the Evolution of Pair-Bonding in Humans and Its Contemporary Variation Cross-Culturally"
12531:
9912:
8621:
8195:
7585:
6479:
5683:
5117:
4709:
3402:
rather than the more serious designation as a crime. However, recognizing polygamous unions is still illegal under the
1051:
refers to individuals who have more than one sexual partner or who have sex partners outside of a primary relationship.
835:
8323:
6498:
6213:"Can a sex-biased human demography account for the reduced effective population size of chromosome X in non-Africans?"
3526:
Constitutionally, Indonesia (basically) only recognizes monogamy. But, government allows polygamy in some conditions:
11776:
11740:
10920:
10743:
10705:
9553:
8853:
8796:
8440:
8382:
8213:
8168:
8141:
8064:
8031:
7181:
7153:
7128:
7073:
7042:
6454:
6429:
5752:
5662:
5627:
5615:
5357:
5077:
4910:
4666:"A recent shift from polygyny to monogamy in humans is suggested by the analysis of worldwide Y-chromosome diversity"
4276:
4252:
3484:
3266:
2234:
2155:
1800:
Now a bishop must be above reproach, married only once, temperate, sensible, respectable, hospitable, an apt teacher,
186:
93:
10116:
9251:
Shifman, P. (29 December 1978). "The English Law of Bigamy in a Multi-Confessional Society: The Israel Experience".
8643:
7423:
3362:
remains a controversial issue that has been subject to legislative battles throughout the years; it is currently an
11807:
10641:
8993:
Lapidoth, Ruth (July 1975). "Israel Yearbook on Human Rights. Edited by Yoram Dinstein and Nitza Shapiro-Libai. ".
8514:"Omar Hassan al-Bashir, has urged Sudanese men to take more than one wife, claiming that this would the population"
7667:
6023:
4561:"Human paternal and maternal demographic histories: insights from high-resolution Y chromosome and mtDNA sequences"
4159:, W. Little, H.W. Fowler, J. Coulson (ed.), C.T. Onions (rev. & ed.,) Oxford 1969, 3rd edition, vol.1, p.1275;
3640:
3061:
prohibits polygamy by law. In practice, however, the law is loosely enforced, primarily to avoid interference with
2415:
2091:
1897:
1773:
869:
10067:
7924:
When challenged this way he typically responded . . . 'I am not positive nor sure that he was innocent'.
5729:
5320:
2401:
was killed by a mob on 27 June 1844, the main body of Latter Day Saints left Nauvoo and followed Brigham Young to
1811:
Periodically, Christian reform movements that have sought to rebuild Christian doctrine based on the Bible alone (
11956:
10858:
9974:
2256:
2063:
1334:
where polygyny rates are higher), finding that polygyny rates decrease significantly with child mortality rates.
11365:
10436:
4627:
12773:
12712:
12304:
11218:
7450:
3433:
3254:
1450:
9940:
3669:
2480:
in 1904, which documented that the LDS Church was still practicing polygamy spurred the LDS Church to issue a
12321:
12299:
11990:
11247:
10589:
10156:
6692:
lists only one manuscript (P46) as source of the verse, while nine other manuscripts have no such verse, cf.
5147:
3840:
3222:
In Nigeria and South Africa, polygamous marriages under customary law and for Muslims are legally recognized.
3057:) discontinued polygyny more recently, after they immigrated to countries where it was forbidden or illegal.
2753:
1804:
See verse 12 regarding deacons having only one wife. Similar counsel is repeated in the first chapter of the
611:
50:
11355:
8872:
The Dead Sea Scrolls on Sexuality: Attitudes Towards Sexuality in Sectarian and Related Literature at Qumran
8770:
of the Exile), an eleventh- century German rabbi, possibly under Christian influence, eventually forbade it.
7035:
The Ratzinger report: an exclusive interview on the state of the Church Pope Benedict XVI, Vittorio Messori"
6836:
5572:
FALEN, DOUGLAS J. (23 October 2009). "Polygamy: a cross-cultural analysis by Zeitzen, Miriam Koktvedgaard".
3406:. Federal legislation to outlaw the practice was endorsed as constitutional in 1878 by the Supreme Court in
11781:
11528:
10913:
9719:
9405:"Kosher Sex Without Marriage, a Jerusalem Post article that discusses Jacob Emden's and Tzvi Zohar's views"
7008:
6693:
6630:
3679:
3514:
of the U.S. Constitution. The case was dismissed with prejudice on 10 February 2016, for lack of standing.
3469:
3429:
2824:, as divorce is legal in Islamic law. A non-Muslim woman who flees from her non-Muslim husband and accepts
2544:
2245:
2135:
1864:
653:
205:
10807:
World Religions and Social Evolution of the Old World Oikumene Civilizations: A Cross-cultural Perspective
6121:
Musharoff, Shaila; Shringarpure, Suyash; Bustamante, Carlos D.; Ramachandran, Sohini (20 September 2019).
3734:
For the extent to which states can and do recognize potentially and actual polygamous forms as valid, see
2987:
46:
12416:
11951:
11800:
11395:
10404:"Are Anti-Polgygamy Laws an Unconstitutional Infringement on the Liberty Interests of Consenting Adults?"
3814:
3765:
2568:
2508:
2423:
2360:
2147:
1850:
Ego sane fateor, me non posse prohibere, si quis plures velit uxores ducere, nec repugnat sacris literis.
700:
10483:
9404:
7084:
3455:
and journalist Jillian Keenan support the freedom for adults to voluntarily enter polygamous marriages.
2503:" churches even though they are not parts of the LDS Church. Such fundamentalists often use a purported
2434:. The LDS Church believed that their religiously based practice of plural marriage was protected by the
12736:
12466:
9687:
7967:
6677:
3877:
3809:
2876:
being the only one where no restrictions are imposed on it. The practice is illegal in Muslim-majority
2435:
1591:
1288:
987:
326:
9755:
7509:
6666:
2834:
is permissible to be mutually gracious regarding the set dowry. Surely Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise.
2210:
1223:
tradition which allows polygyny. It is derived from the religious precepts of Islam, particularly the
12568:
11678:
11475:
11420:
9636:
9620:
9219:
7791:
7644:
3735:
3408:
2560:
2444:
2322:
2285:
2204:
2127:
2099:
1976:
1196:
1069:
79:
7938:
6655:
6263:
2547:(also known as the Woolley Group and the Priesthood Council) was one of the original expressions of
2422:
was "to prohibit in the territories those twin relics of barbarism, polygamy and slavery". In 1862,
960:
is marriage consisting of only two parties. Like "monogamy", the term "polygamy" is often used in a
12036:
11946:
11673:
11503:
11470:
11312:
11307:
11102:
11071:
10285:
10020:
8302:
7577:
3674:
3165:
2305:
2281:
2269:
2216:
1729:
1553:. According to him, these "unclear families" do not fit the mold of the monogamous nuclear family.
1178:
580:
9795:
9381:
6750:
1614:
polygyny societies, where the majority of individuals seldom have more than one partner at a time.
1354:. Senior wives can benefit as well when the addition of junior wives to the family lightens their
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12368:
11771:
11210:
11123:
10960:
9898:
9894:
6732:
4847:
3511:
3110:
There is limited information about polygamy in Zoroastrian tradition. There is no passage in the
2427:
2177:
8056:
5146:. Centre for the Study of African Economies, University of Oxford. pp. 1–30. Archived from
1605:
that may include polygyny or polyandry, but is most likely to be predominantly serial monogamy.
1080:
in the sense of a lack of sexual or genetic (reproductive) exclusivity. When cultural or social
750:
12588:
12309:
12124:
11693:
11480:
11450:
11405:
11400:
11287:
11076:
11028:
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7599:
6371:. Translated by Mygind, A.; Hauch, C.; Henry, P. Rochester, Vermont: Inner Traditions. p.
4755:
3584:
3448:
3381:
3258:
2897:
2853:
2816:
Muslim women are not allowed to marry more than one husband at once. However, in the case of a
2343:
2189:
2028:
1818:
1415:
They can thus be described as a "series of linked nuclear families with a 'father' in common".
676:
533:
246:
10735:
10729:
10728:(1997). "The economics of polygamy". In Grinker, Roy Richard; Steiner, Christopher B. (eds.).
9068:
8843:
8695:
8430:
8372:
8185:
8158:
8131:
8021:
7699:
6767:
6307:
6288:
4939:
3015:
1503:. The women remain in their maternal home, living with their brothers, and property is passed
1381:
1057:
refers to sexual relationships that result in children who have genetic evidence of different
745:
12540:
12041:
11445:
11415:
11317:
11202:
11048:
10186:
10121:
8870:
8740:
8487:
8114:
7796:
7672:
7455:
7436:
a video presentation concerning the history of Mormon polygamy and its modern manifestations.
6362:
6088:
5714:"Rethinking Polygyny: Co-Wives, Codes, and Cultural Systems [and Comments and Reply]"
4878:
3862:
3422:
3385:
3298:
2564:
2548:
2513:
2500:
2398:
2131:
2122:
1622:
perceived attractiveness or ability to produce food) to the man's (social or coercive power).
1496:
1299:, Goody notes that the sexual division of labour varies between the male-dominated intensive
859:
819:
9287:
7726:
6801:
5306:
4051:
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9434:
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5891:
5795:
5548:
5542:
4816:
4677:
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4193:
3507:
3425:
groups across the state (not associated with the mainstream Church) continue the practice.
3403:
3367:
3142:
2684:
This linkage of the number of permitted wives to the varna system is also supported by the
2315:
1664:
1578:
is on a continuum of family-bonds that includes group marriage. The term does not refer to
1292:
1073:
502:
486:
415:
10096:
7620:
5374:
4104:. Monogamy: Mating Strategies and Partnerships in Birds, Humans and Other Mammals:161–176.
3215:
In India, Malaysia, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, and Singapore, polygamy is only legal for
2484:
again claiming that it had ceased performing new plural marriages. By 1910 the LDS Church
1004:, with the countries estimated to have the highest polygamy prevalence in the world being
8:
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6310:: foundations, values, and issues, Brian Peter Harvey, Cambridge University Press, 2000,
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2597:
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855:
528:
351:
346:
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7174:
The Eye of the Storm: Bishop John William Colenso and the Crisis of Biblical Inspiration
6736:
5895:
5799:
5585:
4681:
4403:
4197:
3265:
In 2017, two Canadian religious leaders were found guilty of practicing polygamy by the
2012:
that the receiving of such a polygamist has the consent of the local Anglican community;
160:
Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the
120:
Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the
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11380:
11340:
11274:
11149:
11134:
11061:
11041:
10980:
10814:
10810:
10384:
10191:
10024:
9475:
9268:
9070:
A Separate People: Jewish Women in Palestine, Syria, and Egypt in the Sixteenth Century
9018:
8973:
8403:
8049:
7915:
7899:
7733:
7365:
7349:
7296:
7280:
6889:
6237:
6212:
6157:
6122:
6015:
5999:
5915:
5864:
5821:
5721:
5523:
5476:
5468:
5394:
5003:
4970:
4701:
4608:
4595:
4560:
4441:
4428:
4387:
3963:
3931:
3704:
3339:
3294:
3283:
2731:
2452:
Increasingly harsh anti-polygamy legislation in the US led some Mormons to emigrate to
2439:
2364:
2261:
1997:
1993:
1906:
1856:
1783:
Some Christian theologians argue that in Matthew 19:3–9 and referring to Genesis 2:24,
1680:
1507:. A similar form of matrilineal, de facto polyandry can be found in the institution of
1481:
1300:
1277:
1183:
785:
635:
631:
626:
492:
9893:
Neither bigamy, nor polygamy, nor cohabitation is listed as a crime or offence in the
8513:
8231:
6784:
1396:
1295:
and polygamy in the majority of sub-Saharan African societies. Drawing on the work of
12763:
12485:
12471:
12439:
12401:
12326:
12316:
12174:
12119:
12104:
12017:
11995:
11985:
11923:
11918:
11891:
11842:
11683:
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11617:
11385:
11345:
11297:
11178:
11144:
11118:
11086:
11066:
11056:
11036:
11023:
11018:
10864:
10840:
10818:
10788:
10769:
10739:
10701:
10569:
10126:
9872:
9559:
9549:
9512:
9502:
9074:
9022:
9010:
8961:
8951:
8895:
8876:
8849:
8822:
8792:
8746:
8701:
8674:
8560:
8550:
8493:
8436:
8378:
8254:
8191:
8164:
8137:
8080:
8060:
8027:
7995:
7919:
7907:
7891:
7801:
7677:
7591:
7581:
7369:
7357:
7341:
7300:
7288:
7272:
7177:
7149:
7124:
7069:
7038:
6893:
6475:
6450:
6425:
6394:
6386:
6376:
6311:
6292:
6242:
6162:
6144:
6094:
6055:
6007:
5956:
5907:
5856:
5813:
5679:
5658:
5623:
5611:
5589:
5552:
5460:
5426:
The Dynamics of polyandry: kinship, domesticity, and population on the Tibetan border
5353:
5267:
5184:
5073:
5008:
4990:
4906:
4693:
4600:
4582:
4541:
4528:
Scheidel, Walter (2008). "Monogamy and Polygyny in Greece, Rome, and World History".
4505:
4479:
4433:
4415:
4315:
4272:
4248:
4217:
4209:
4164:
4059:
3986:
3955:
3947:
3939:
3502:
3084:
supported the legalisation by the Israeli government of polygamy and the practice of
3007:
2976:
2747:
2735:
2648:, the number of wives one could have is linked to one's social class, referred to as
2492:
1817:) have temporarily accepted polygyny as a Biblical practice. For example, during the
1492:
1374:
1370:
1204:
1200:
1188:
1150:, where the family unit consists of multiple husbands and multiple wives of legal age
1085:
790:
770:
481:
410:
400:
341:
336:
10545:
9850:
9824:
7251:"A Trajectory of Plurality: An Overview of Joseph Smith's Thirty‑three Plural Wives"
6019:
5935:"Genetic evidence for unequal effective population sizes of human females and males"
5919:
5868:
5480:
5299:
4612:
12717:
12707:
12676:
12197:
12154:
12031:
11730:
11430:
11410:
11279:
10993:
10802:
10754:
10348:
9661:
9347:
9326:
9260:
9002:
8929:
8782:
8456:
8246:
8220:
section at general information website on Indian laws by Sudhir Shah and Associates
7881:
7865:
7489:
7333:
7262:
6881:
6232:
6224:
6152:
6134:
5991:
5946:
5899:
5848:
5825:
5803:
5581:
5515:
5452:
5386:
5257:
5247:
5109:
5065:
4998:
4982:
4705:
4685:
4590:
4572:
4533:
4471:
4445:
4423:
4407:
4363:
4305:
4240:
4201:
3967:
3923:
3578:
3557:
3500:
In January 2015, Pastor Neil Patrick Carrick of Detroit, Michigan, brought a case (
3488:
3317:
3141:
It was also written about in the 4th century CE by the Roman soldier and historian
3123:
2983:
2720:, only one wife could rank as the chief consort who performed the religious rites (
2650:
2588:
2552:
2481:
2461:
2385:
2380:
2372:
2159:
2111:
2071:
1875:
1805:
1747:
1508:
775:
575:
570:
550:
396:
281:
54:
10322:
9589:
9498:
The Hymns of Zoroaster: a New Translation of the Most Ancient Sacred Texts of Iran
7397:
6711:
6090:
The Eighteen Stages of Love: Its Natural History, Fragrance, Celebration and Chase
5113:
2771:
the ideal relationship is the comfort that a couple find in each other's embrace:
2619:, a man could have more than one wife. The practice is attested in epics like the
12758:
12644:
12526:
12353:
12221:
12192:
12182:
12062:
12005:
12000:
11906:
11874:
10905:
10894:
10466:
10443:
10329:
10103:
9354:
9226:
8816:
8786:
8650:
8600:
8593:
8217:
7627:
7496:
7404:
7314:
7091:
7064:
6742:
6502:
6402:
6139:
6049:
5975:
5347:
5069:
4900:
4244:
4171:
4101:
3886:
3819:
3709:
3699:
3626:
3563:
3473:
3042:
2727:
Traditional Hindu law allowed polygamy if the first wife could not bear a child.
2592:
2522:
2504:
2240:
2222:
1892:
1837:
1696:
1530:
1523:
1232:
1058:
809:
765:
760:
740:
735:
730:
705:
621:
616:
476:
375:
367:
331:
11766:
8250:
6552:"Idaho Evangelical Christian polygamists use Internet to meet potential spouses"
5980:"Pair-Bonding, Romantic Love, and Evolution: The Curious Case of "Homo sapiens""
4777:
2760:
at the same time, up to a total of four. Muslim women are not permitted to have
12632:
12627:
12383:
12358:
12267:
12187:
12159:
12137:
12129:
12097:
12069:
12010:
11978:
11864:
11852:
11837:
11607:
8460:
6885:
6728:
6045:
5323:. Social Institutions & Gender Index, genderindex.org. 2007. Archived from
5219:
Herlihy, David (1984). McNetting, Robert; Will, Richard; Arnould, Eric (eds.).
5057:
4411:
4205:
4160:
4056:
Monogamy: Mating Strategies and Partnerships in Birds, Humans and Other Mammals
3598:
3553:
3038:
3027:
3003:
2972:
2632:
2477:
2469:
2465:
2419:
2392:
2103:
1813:
1769:
1716:
1700:
1657:
1562:
1468:
1147:
1081:
1001:
967:
715:
565:
497:
456:
451:
251:
9006:
8965:
8918:
7870:"Methods and Motives: Joseph Smith III's Opposition to Polygamy, 1860–90"
5472:
5440:
4689:
3927:
3506:) against the State of Michigan that the state's ban of polygamy violates the
2511:
as the basis for their authority to continue the practice of plural marriage.
1203:
to varying extents both legally and culturally. In several countries, such as
12752:
12685:
12639:
12456:
12406:
12164:
12051:
11928:
11847:
11745:
11612:
11559:
10725:
10546:"CARRICK v. SNYDER | Case No. 15-cv-10108. | By... | 20160211c62| Leagle.com"
10130:
10042:"Polygamy is essentially decriminalized in Utah under a bill signed into law"
9516:
9014:
8564:
8286:
8258:
7911:
7895:
7805:
7681:
7446:
7361:
7345:
7292:
7276:
7068:", edited by David Maxwell with Ingrid Lawrie, p. 345–346, Brill, 2002,
6700:
6148:
5995:
5593:
5464:
5271:
4994:
4586:
4545:
4483:
4419:
4319:
4213:
3951:
3943:
3935:
3805:
3480:
3452:
3050:
3011:
2991:
2644:
2485:
2406:
2376:
2277:
2087:
1868:
1830:
1754:
1743:
1735:
1546:
1542:
1504:
1359:
1296:
1216:
982:
polygamy being allowed without legal recognition for non-official "spouses".
755:
720:
560:
441:
420:
316:
256:
161:
121:
85:
39:
9563:
9038:"Levant: Women in the Jewish Communities after the Ottoman Conquest of 1517"
8613:
7595:
7319:"Nauvoo Roots of Mormon Polygamy, 1841–46: A Preliminary Demographic Report"
6398:
6228:
5951:
5934:
5097:
4368:
4351:
3760:
12702:
11642:
11632:
11523:
10854:
10693:
10668:"Hukum Poligami dan Prosedurnya yang Sah di Indonesia - Klinik Hukumonline"
10253:
9917:
8581:
7246:
6689:
6555:
6524:
6495:
6406:
6358:
6246:
6166:
6120:
6011:
5960:
5860:
5817:
5012:
4986:
4697:
4665:
4604:
4577:
4437:
4221:
3959:
3549:
3316:
Due to the imbalance between urban educated women and men in predominantly
3311:
3081:
3065:
culture, where polygyny is practiced. Pre-existing polygynous unions among
3054:
3046:
2968:
2957:
2917:
2905:
2616:
2527:
2059:
1568:
1391:
1240:
1005:
993:
938:
555:
446:
405:
371:
361:
266:
10512:
9496:
8899:
8210:
5911:
4237:
Cassava and the Makushi: A Shared History of Resiliency and Transformation
1423:
1207:, the law only recognizes polygamous marriages for the Muslim population.
12622:
12444:
12247:
10785:
Polygamy Reconsidered: African Plural Marriage and the Christian Churches
9543:
7417:
6606:
4537:
3773:"Polygamy | Etymology, origin and meaning of polygamy by etymonline"
3684:
3491:, rejects the decriminalization and legalization of polygamy. He stated:
3023:
2627:
2532:
2185:
1845:
1712:
1512:
1402:
1363:
1273:
1269:
1165:
997:
780:
658:
311:
301:
10731:
Perspectives on Africa: a reader in culture, history, and representation
10388:
9107:"Polygamy is rare around the world and mostly confined to a few regions"
8914:
7903:
7685:
7353:
7284:
6694:
http://nttranscripts.uni-muenster.de/AnaServer?NTtranscripts+0+start.anv
6617:
6595:
6003:
5979:
5506:
Gough, E. Kathleen (1959). "The Nayars and the Definition of Marriage".
5031:"Polygamy is rare around the world and mostly confined to a few regions"
4462:
Frost, Peter (2008). "Sexual selection and human geographic variation".
4386:
Brown, Gillian R.; Laland, Kevin N.; Mulder, Monique Borgerhoff (2009).
4310:
4293:
3354:
2784:
2468:) announcing that the LDS Church had discontinued new plural marriages.
1291:
demonstrated a historical correlation between the practice of extensive
12378:
12226:
11886:
10756:
After Polygamy Was Made a Sin: The Social History of Christian Polygamy
8669:(1st ed.). New York, Boston: Twelve. Hachette Book Group. p.
8545:(1st ed.). New York, Boston: Twelve. Hachette Book Group. p.
7236:
Greiner & Sherman, Revised Laws of Illinois, 1833, pp. 198–199
5725:
5713:
5527:
5398:
5324:
5262:
5208:(2nd, revised ed.). University of Minnesota Press. pp. 92–93.
4738:
Production and Reproduction: A Comparative Study of the Domestic Domain
4141:
1. The practice or principle of marrying only once. opp. to digamy now
3772:
3612:
3399:
3363:
3290:
3170:
3026:(16th century author of the last great codification of Jewish law, the
2929:
2925:
2921:
2913:
2893:
2842:
2709:
2686:
2526:
that the portions of Utah's anti-polygamy laws which prohibit multiple
2181:
1860:
1762:
1761:
as the only acceptable marital arrangement. Jesus recalled the earlier
1284:
1252:
900:
725:
710:
425:
12498:
11857:
9966:
9272:
7700:"Utah Polygamy Decision | Mormonism and Polygamy | Polygamy"
5852:
5441:"Why Polyandry Fails: Sources of Instability in Polyandrous Marriages"
4975:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
2809:
12659:
12573:
12363:
12242:
11792:
11627:
11622:
11518:
7886:
7869:
7337:
7267:
7250:
6123:"The inference of sex-biased human demography from whole-genome data"
5903:
5641:
Changing Families: An Ethnographic Approach to Divorce and Separation
4475:
3893:
recording the marital composition of 1231 societies from 1960 to 1980
3664:
3654:
3464:
3414:
3119:
3066:
2761:
2702:
2665:
2163:
1834:
1708:
1676:
1672:
1648:
1575:
1529:
According to Danish scholar Miriam K. Zeitzen, anthropologists treat
1436:
1351:
1141:
1099:
1065:
934:
908:
306:
35:
8432:
Social Assessment and Agricultural Reform in Central Asia and Turkey
5808:
5783:
5519:
5390:
5252:
5221:
Households: Comparative and Historical Studies of the Domestic Group
3606:
3269:. Both of them are former bishops of the Mormon denomination of the
2792:
he cannot deal justly with his wives. This is based on verse 4:3 of
158:
about polygamy in the Eastern (Orthodox, Coptic, Assyrian) churches.
12664:
12614:
12508:
12461:
11911:
11881:
11869:
11761:
11647:
11513:
10157:"Appeals court restores Utah's polygamy law in 'Sister Wives' case"
9264:
8374:
Women, Islam and Everyday Life: Renegotiating Polygamy in Indonesia
7833:(Salt Lake City: Daughters of Utah Pioneers Central Company, 1942).
7762:"'Sister Wives' case: Judge strikes down part of Utah polygamy law"
6788:
6715:
6584:
6580:
5456:
5236:"Critical reflections on polygamy in the African Christian context"
4969:
Henrich, Joseph; Boyd, Robert; Richerson, Peter J. (5 March 2012).
4902:
Many Wives, Many Powers: Authority and Power in Polygynous Families
3649:
3620:
3302:
3115:
3105:
3085:
2953:
2937:
2849:
2757:
2756:, under reasonable and warranted conditions, a Muslim man may have
2621:
2610:
2573:
Righteous Branch of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
2368:
1954:
1879:
1841:
1758:
1739:
1704:
1644:
1571:
1485:, the cultural belief that a child can have more than one father.
1355:
1160:
1135:
1103:
975:
962:
957:
933:
is married to more than one husband at the same time, it is called
926:
914:
291:
286:
271:
261:
31:
4663:
3592:
3262:
Polygamy is an offence punishable by up to five years in prison.
2820:
or their husbands' death they can remarry after the completion of
1248:
1088:
use the term polygamy, the meaning is social or marital polygamy.
12560:
12257:
9998:
9548:(3rd impression, with corrections ed.). Leiden: E.J. Brill.
7198:"Polygamy (Plural Marriage) | LDS Church Perspective on Polygamy"
6182:"The kingdom of women: the society where a man is never the boss"
5653:"Polyamory", in Robert T. Francoeur and Raymond J. Noonan, eds.,
4628:"More women than men have added their DNA to the human gene pool"
4150:
3694:
3093:
3074:
3062:
2941:
2885:
2881:
2839:
2817:
2806:
2717:
2671:
2659:
2430:
which clarified that the practice of polygamy was illegal in all
1981:
1840:, who, for many years, had been living "constantly in a state of
1652:
1538:
1500:
1305:
1021:
942:
276:
214:
10014:"House of Commons Library Briefing Paper Number 05051: Polygamy"
6390:
5712:
White, Douglas; Betzig, Laura; Mulder, Monique (1 August 1988).
2662:
may take many wives in the direct order of the (four) knowledge;
1287:'s comparative study of marriage around the world utilizing the
1114:, marriage with only one other person at a time, in contrast to
925:
is married to more than one wife at the same time, it is called
146:
106:
12649:
12332:
12203:
12023:
11602:
11547:
9139:"In defiance of Israeli law, polygamy sanctioned by top rabbis"
8429:
Kudat, Ay?e; Peabody, Stan; Keyder, Ça?lar (29 December 2017).
6301:
5608:
Is Monogamy Dead?: Rethinking Relationships in the 21st Century
4146:
3659:
3216:
3111:
3058:
3037:
In the modern day, polygamy is generally not condoned by Jews.
2995:
2909:
2901:
2889:
2877:
2873:
2781:
2677:
2457:
2453:
1579:
1326:
1265:
1244:
1228:
1208:
1115:
1013:
971:
950:
918:
241:
222:
10513:
Oralandar Brand-Williams, The Detroit News (13 January 2015).
9501:. With Introduction and Commentary by M.L. West. I.B. Tauris.
8187:
Religion and Personal law in secular India: A call to judgment
7063:
Christianity and the African imagination: essays in honour of
5973:
5655:
The Continuum Complete International Encyclopedia of Sexuality
4145:
2. The condition, rule or custom of being married to only one
3088:(the keeping of concubines). Tzvi Zohar, a professor from the
2520:
On 13 December 2013, US Federal Judge Clark Waddoups ruled in
2000:
ruled that polygamy was permissible in certain circumstances:
1325:
Chinese immigrant with his three wives and fourteen children,
12451:
12211:
9851:"Family Code of the Russian Federation, Articles 12 & 14"
9798:. Department of Justice, Government of Canada. 11 July 2006.
8934:
Hasidot umordot: Nashim yehudiyot be-europa biymey habeinayim
8742:
Unmarriages: Women, Men, and Sexual Unions in the Middle Ages
5676:
Group Marriage: A Study of Contemporary Multilateral Marriage
5223:. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 393–395.
4905:. Evanston: Northwestern University Press. 1970. p. 17.
3798:
3239:
2963:
2861:
2825:
2821:
2793:
2768:
1930:) were multiple. He gave two examples of such relationships:
1784:
1685:
1476:
1472:
1465:
1442:
1224:
1220:
1017:
930:
903:
321:
8948:
The Routledge Companion to Jewish History and Historiography
8584:. Trans. Fisch. Jerusalem: Koren Publishers Jerusalem, 1980.
8020:
MacDonell, Arthur Anthony; Keith, Arthur Berriedale (1995).
7792:"Laws on Mormon polygamists lead to win for plural marriage"
6872:
Marcus, Joel (April 2006). "Idolatry in the New Testament".
5508:
Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland
5098:"Causes of Polygyny: Ecology, Economy, Kinship, and Warfare"
3988:
Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Gender and Sexuality Studies
3540:
There are other requirements for registered civil servants.
2393:
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church)
1757:
is quite explicit on the subject of polygamy, referring to
1679:
of others were added to the list of inappropriate partners.
1585:
1582:
as no claim to being married in formal legal terms is made.
1491:
occurs when the wives' husbands are unrelated, as among the
1091:
In contrast, marital monogamy may be distinguished between:
12216:
10117:"Federal judge declared Utah polygamy law unconstitutional"
9796:"POLYGYNY AS A VIOLATION OF INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW"
3533:
The wife has a physical disability or an incurable disease.
3395:
3359:
3197: Polygamy is illegal, but not criminalised in practice
3092:, recently suggested that based on the opinions of leading
3070:
2865:
2496:
2473:
2402:
1257:
1102:, remain sexually exclusive their entire lives, and become
1009:
356:
10616:"Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan Dan Perlindungan Anak"
8845:
Wealth in the Dead Sea Scrolls and in the Qumran Community
5784:"Sperm competition: motility and the midpiece in primates"
5091:
5089:
4294:"Functions and Limitations of Alaskan Eskimo Wife Trading"
3390:
Current state of polygamy in the Latter Day Saint movement
3271:
Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints
3253:
Canada has taken a strong stand against polygamy, and the
2990:
forbade polygamy before and during the first century. The
2872:
In most Muslim-majority countries, polygyny is legal with
2557:
Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints
2405:
where the practice of plural marriage continued. In 1852,
913:, "state of marriage to many spouses") is the practice of
10515:"Minister sues Mich. for right to marry same-sex couples"
7536:"FindLaw's United States Supreme Court case and opinions"
7451:"Personality of God – His Attributes – Eternal Life, etc"
6445:
McLeod, Neil (2005). "Brehon law". In Duffy, Seán (ed.).
5881:
2350:
List of Latter Day Saint practitioners of plural marriage
922:
10281:"Polygamists may not face jail time under new Utah bill"
5933:
Wilder, Jason; Mobasher, Zahra; Hammer, Michael (2004).
5206:
Family Structure and Interaction: A Comparative Analysis
4470:(4). American Psychological Association (APA): 169–191.
4464:
Journal of Social, Evolutionary, and Cultural Psychology
4163:. March 2010. Oxford University Press. 23 Jun. 2010 Cf.
10831:
10453:
5204:
Lee, Gary R. (1982). "Structural Variety in Marriage".
5086:
1634:
1261:, which refers to its human scholarly interpretations.
10187:"Utah Lowers Penalty for Polygamy, No Longer a Felony"
6802:"Law of the Land – Exegesis – Biblical Polygamy . com"
3203: Polygamy is illegal and criminalised in practice
2375:
era when several top Mormon leaders, including Smith,
9754:. United Nations Human Rights Website. Archived from
9468:
The Position of Zoroastrian Women in Remote Antiquity
8023:
Vedic Index of Names and Subjects, Volume 1; Volume 5
7831:
Religious Sects, and Cults That Sprang from Mormonism
7146:
Polygamy in Northern Malawi: A Christian Reassessment
4153:
The habit of living in pairs, or having only one mate
4054:. In Reichard, Ulrich H.; Boesch, Christophe (eds.).
3394:
Polygamy is illegal in all 50 states in the U.S.; in
1098:, "a single relationship between people who marry as
1027:
10249:"'Sister Wives' family to challenge Utah bigamy law"
9873:"Family Code of the Russian Federation, Article 158"
9693:. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights.
8694:
Metzger, Bruce M.; Coogan, Michael D., eds. (2001).
7009:"PapalEncyclicals: Council of Trenty, 24th Sessions"
6521:"Cleric: Christian men can marry more than one wife"
6258:
6256:
5932:
4968:
4095:
Ecological and social complexities in human monogamy
3574:
3530:
The wife cannot carry out her obligations as a wife.
3439:
United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit
3240:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
10002:. United Kingdom: House of Commons. col. 755W.
8697:
The Oxford Guide to Ideas & Issues of the Bible
8136:. Adam Publishers & Distributors. p. 301.
8046:
7936:Promeet, Dutta; Chauhan, Yamini (6 October 2013) .
7121:
Plural Marriage for Our Times: A Reinvented Option?
6833:"Understanding The Scriptural Teaching on Polygamy"
6051:
Love and Limerence: the Experience of Being in Love
5974:Fletcher, Garth; Simpson, Jeffry; Campbell, Lorne;
3366:; and recognition of polygamy is illegal under the
3191: Polygamy is legal in some regions (Indonesia)
1871:that describe polygamy in defense of the practice.
1787:explicitly states a man should have only one wife:
1453:, under which most siblings would be disinherited.
10935:
10763:
8428:
8048:
7937:
6282:
6038:
5321:"Gender Equality and Social Institutions in Gabon"
5298:
4571:(1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 13.
4266:
3905:
3903:
3901:
3899:
3543:
1199:and some countries with sizable Muslim minorities
1144:, where a woman has multiple simultaneous husbands
7119:Kilbride, Philip Leroy; Page, Douglas R. (2012).
7112:
6253:
6210:
6133:(9). Public Library of Science (PLoS): e1008293.
5711:
5606:For a popular press angle, see e.g. Rosie Wilby,
5096:White, Douglas; Burton, Michael (December 1988).
4877:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Archived from
4815:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Archived from
4754:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Archived from
4385:
4139:, R.C. Preble (ed.), Oxford-London 1962, p. 1275:
4045:
4043:
3909:
2491:Enforcement of the 1890 Manifesto caused various
12750:
10752:
10734:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Blackwell. pp.
10642:"Poligami Dalam Sistem Hukum Republik Indonesia"
10312:Korol, Bruce (2009). "Polygamy is a (al)right".
10097:ACLU of Utah to Join Polygamists in Bigamy Fight
9664:. University of Minnesota Human Rights Library.
8745:. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 14.
8348:. ahlalhdeeth. 12 September 2013. Archived from
8239:Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae
8232:"Interfaith marriage in comparative perspective"
8116:Life in North-eastern India in Pre-Mauryan times
7563:
7561:
6496:Céard is Sinnsreachd Ann? (What Is Sinnsreachd?)
5702:. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press
5064:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 175–190.
4806:
4149:at a time (opp. to polygamy or bigamy) 1708. 3.
4116:
3910:Starkweather, Katherine; Hames, Raymond (2012).
1821:, in a document which was simply referred to as
10782:
10219:"Brown v. Buhman, No. 14-4117 (10th Cir. 2016)"
8400:"Tunisia: Protecting Ben Ali's Feminist Legacy"
8397:
8163:. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. p. 114.
8026:. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. p. 478.
6422:Cauldron of the Gods: A manual of Celtic magick
4659:
4657:
4655:
4653:
4381:
4379:
3896:
2290:Timeline of civil marriage in the United States
1922:) in their society were always singular, while
1499:prohibitions have been breached) by paying the
11589:
10901:5 Things I Learned as a Mormon Polygamous Wife
9995:
8810:
8808:
8734:
8732:
8019:
7935:
7499:from the Independence Hall Association website
7167:
7165:
6087:Leggett, John C.; Malm, Suzanne (March 1995).
5838:
5781:
4040:
1699:were known to practice polygamy, although the
1385:Village chief and his wives in Guinea, c. 1910
1369:Polygyny may also result from the practice of
949:in a broad sense to mean any form of multiple
11808:
11575:
11541:Kurdish-controlled areas criminalize polygamy
10921:
9910:
8693:
8051:The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: N–Z
8047:James g. Lochtefeld, PhD (15 December 2001).
7558:
6474:. New York, NY: Checkmark Books. p. 17.
4844:The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Politics
4558:
4350:Schacht, Ryan; Kramer, Karen (19 July 2019).
4349:
4239:, Bloomsbury, T&T Clark, pp. 15–30,
4183:
4058:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 3–25.
2323:
1138:, where a man has multiple simultaneous wives
877:
10574:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
9913:"Half a good man is better than none at all"
9541:
9189:"New Jewish group wants to restore polygamy"
7929:
7858:
7239:
7118:
6721:
6204:
6114:
5926:
5534:
5305:. Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin Books. p.
5203:
4875:The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World
4650:
4552:
4376:
4304:(1). The Arctic Institute of North America.
4267:Beckerman, Stephen; Valentine, Paul (2002).
4089:
4087:
2367:. Polygamy was made illegal in the state of
2020:
1966:is total and therefore unique and exclusive.
1422:
1164:
9819:
9817:
8862:
8835:
8805:
8775:
8729:
8532:
8055:. The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. p.
7398:Times and Seasons, vol. 5, p. 423
7162:
6631:"Monogamy: God's Creational Marriage Ideal"
6543:
6351:
6086:
5673:
5095:
4523:
4521:
3419:Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
2363:in 1850 to quash Mormon polygamy rumors in
1661:tolerated, but subordinate, marital model.
1268:than on any other continent, especially in
815:Matrilineal / matrilocal societies
94:Learn how and when to remove these messages
11815:
11801:
11582:
11568:
10928:
10914:
9662:"Equality of Rights Between Men and Women"
9480:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
9376:Polygamy's Practice Stirs Debate in Israel
8978:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
8909:
8907:
8818:The Dead Sea Scrolls and the New Testament
8571:
7972:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
7643:. Mormonfundamentalism.com. Archived from
7307:
7137:
6320:
5705:
5438:
5174:
5172:
5170:
5168:
4388:"Bateman's principles and human sex roles"
4345:
4343:
4341:
4339:
4337:
4335:
4333:
4331:
4329:
3857:
2764:at the same time under any circumstances.
2472:waned, as did opposition to statehood for
2330:
2316:
1342:Polygynous marriages fall into two types:
978:is not illegal, leading to a situation of
884:
870:
10801:
10344:"Legalize Polygamy! No. I am not kidding"
9161:
8485:
8190:. Indiana University Press. p. 153.
8015:
8013:
7885:
7266:
6741:. Bohn's Standard Library. Translated by
6512:
6236:
6156:
6138:
5950:
5807:
5372:
5339:
5261:
5251:
5058:"Polygyny, Economy and the Role of Women"
5002:
4846:. Oxford University Press. Archived from
4744:
4594:
4576:
4427:
4367:
4309:
4084:
3376:Legality of polygamy in the United States
3333:Bigamy is illegal in the United Kingdom.
3145:, writing about Zoroastrian communities.
2551:, having its origins in the teachings of
1586:Scientific and prehistorical perspectives
1409:
1346:, in which the co-wives are sisters, and
1131:Polygamy exists in three specific forms:
187:Learn how and when to remove this message
10686:
10437:"Polygamy laws expose our own hypocrisy"
10109:
9939:reporter, Daily Express (31 July 2012).
9938:
9814:
8992:
8700:. Oxford University Press. p. 339.
8578:The Jerusalem Bible: The Holy Scriptures
8129:
7728:"A Law Prohibiting Polygamy is Weakened"
7724:
7510:"Free Exercise Clause – First Amendment"
6727:
5439:Levine, Nancy E.; Silk, Joan B. (1997).
5375:"Pahari and Tibetan Polyandry Revisited"
4740:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
4731:
4729:
4727:
4527:
4518:
4457:
4455:
4112:
4110:
4049:
3984:
3353:
3179: Polygamy is legal only for Muslims
3169:
2538:
1934:– master-servant (in older translation:
1886:
1394:(1644–1912). This constitutes a form of
1380:
1320:
1182:
10839:(2nd ed.). Utah: Signature Books.
10724:
10006:
9466:Sanjana, Darab Datsur Peshotan (1982).
9465:
9253:The American Journal of Comparative Law
9250:
8904:
8821:. Fortress Press. pp. 4, 100–101.
8666:God and Sex: What the Bible Really Says
8656:
8542:God and Sex: What the Bible Really Says
8479:
8370:
8156:
8108:
8106:
7864:
7692:
7245:
7108:. Gudina Tumsa Foundation. p. 350.
7103:
6549:
6509:, 7 March 2007. Retrieved 27 July 2012.
6449:. New York: Routledge. pp. 42–45.
6357:
5782:Anderson, M. J.; Dixson, A. F. (2002).
5638:
5620:Discourse Theory and Practice: A Reader
5428:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
5218:
5178:
5165:
5024:
5022:
4326:
4291:
4234:
3974:from the original on 25 September 2015.
966:sense, applied regardless of whether a
47:Animal sexual behaviour § Polygamy
45:For polygamy in non-human animals, see
14:
12751:
11822:
10853:
10556:from the original on 16 September 2018
10341:
9720:"Report of the Human Rights Committee"
9285:
9186:
9136:
9066:
8889:
8868:
8841:
8814:
8781:
8738:
8662:
8538:
8486:Reference, Marshall Cavendish (2010).
8229:
8183:
8010:
7842:
7490:GOP Convention of 1856 in Philadelphia
7171:
7143:
6871:
6628:
6494:Fox, Martin and O'Ciarrai, Breandan. "
6444:
6326:
6044:
5750:
5540:
5423:
5233:
5138:
5028:
4950:from the original on 18 September 2019
4937:
4871:"Law. Legal Thought and Jurisprudence"
4868:
4625:
4495:
4493:
4013:
2578:
2389:criticized Smith for plural marriage.
11796:
11563:
10909:
10766:Polygamy, Bigamy and Human Rights Law
10759:. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
10674:from the original on 24 November 2022
10648:from the original on 24 November 2022
10596:from the original on 24 November 2022
10401:
10374:
10311:
10078:from the original on 15 November 2020
9977:from the original on 5 September 2017
9947:from the original on 24 February 2016
9941:"Polygamous marriage not legal in UK"
9402:
9199:from the original on 6 September 2021
9174:from the original on 6 September 2021
9149:from the original on 6 September 2021
8624:from the original on 6 September 2021
8520:from the original on 15 February 2008
8268:from the original on 12 November 2020
8112:
7786:
7759:
7665:
7567:
7445:
7426:from the original on 23 December 2009
7313:
7037:, p. 195, Ignatius Press, 1985,
6738:The Life of Luther Written by Himself
6637:from the original on 29 November 2021
6562:from the original on 25 December 2020
6518:
6469:
6419:
6329:"Buddhist Sexual Ethics: Main Issues"
6291:, Shundō Tachibana, Routledge, 1992,
6179:
5984:Perspectives on Psychological Science
5657:(London: A&C Black, 2004), 1205.
5571:
5505:
5499:
5345:
5179:Zeitzen, Miriam Koktvedgaard (2008).
5120:from the original on 3 September 2019
5055:
5029:Kramer, Stephanie (7 December 2020).
4837:
4752:"British & World English: sharia"
4735:
4724:
4461:
4452:
4157:The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary
4107:
4014:Kramer, Stephanie (7 December 2020).
3912:"A Survey of Non‑Classical Polyandry"
3847:from the original on 1 February 2016.
3752:
3715:List of people with the most children
3236:United Nations Human Rights Committee
1987:
10692:
10332:by Wendy McElroy at wendymcelroy.com
10293:from the original on 27 January 2022
10261:from the original on 27 January 2022
10199:from the original on 21 January 2022
10167:from the original on 27 January 2022
10048:from the original on 27 January 2022
9831:from the original on 9 November 2020
9732:from the original on 2 November 2021
9600:from the original on 30 January 2022
9570:from the original on 5 February 2021
9494:
9316:
8945:
8157:Barnett, Lionel D. (30 April 1999).
8103:
7768:from the original on 12 January 2014
7741:from the original on 12 January 2014
7725:Schwartz, John (14 September 2013).
7467:from the original on 29 October 2013
7379:from the original on 13 October 2018
7172:Draper, Jonathan A. (1 April 2003).
6830:
6327:Berzin, Alexander (7 October 2010).
5610:(Cardiff: Accent Press, 2017), 107.
5141:"African polygamy: past and present"
5019:
4940:"African polygamy: Past and present"
4292:Hennigh, Lawrence (1 January 1970).
4137:Britannica World Language Dictionary
4129:
3871:
3779:from the original on 1 February 2016
3413:despite the religious objections of
3293:marriages are not recognized in the
3238:reported that polygamy violates the
3229:
3045:'s ban since the 11th century. Some
2801:are less likely to commit injustice.
1690:
1635:Religious attitudes towards polygamy
1337:
1109:
827:Sex and Repression in Savage Society
140:
100:
59:
10229:from the original on 27 August 2021
9996:James Plaskitt (20 February 2008).
9825:"Canadian polygamists found guilty"
9725:. United Nations General Assembly.
9447:from the original on 24 August 2011
8398:Maike Voorhoeve (31 January 2013).
8091:from the original on 4 January 2015
7641:"An 1886 Revelation to John Taylor"
6812:from the original on 31 August 2005
6550:Mamdani, Zehra (28 February 2008).
5586:10.1111/j.1469-8676.2009.00088_20.x
5405:from the original on 26 August 2021
5296:
5197:
5181:Polygamy: A Cross-Cultural Analysis
4971:"The puzzle of monogamous marriage"
4800:
4499:
4490:
4016:"Polygamy is rare around the world"
3837:Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek
2068:Origin of Latter Day Saint polygamy
1667:was legally recognized until 1935.
24:
10590:"Angka Poligami dari Masa ke Masa"
9770:"United Nations Treaty Collection"
9523:from the original on 15 April 2022
9415:from the original on 4 August 2011
9035:
8492:. Marshall Cavendish. p. 35.
7812:from the original on 6 August 2017
7546:from the original on 29 April 2006
7015:from the original on 14 April 2019
6768:Essays, Historical and Theological
6308:An introduction to Buddhist ethics
6270:from the original on 18 March 2022
6068:from the original on 27 March 2023
4770:
3985:Golomski, Casey (6 January 2016).
3758:
3018:were known to have several wives.
2680:means cleaning knowledge, one only
2229:Late Corp. of the LDS Church v. US
1970:
1518:
1464:was traditionally practiced among
1028:Biological and social distinctions
836:Social Bonding and Nurture Kinship
25:
12785:
10878:
10544:Judge, JUDITH E. LEVY, District.
10543:
10408:Journal of Law and Family Studies
10342:Keenan, Jillian (15 April 2013).
10137:from the original on 4 March 2017
9911:Mira Katbamna (26 October 2009).
9700:from the original on 7 March 2022
9668:from the original on 2 April 2022
9618:
9403:Navon, Emmanuel (16 March 2006).
9298:from the original on 27 July 2021
9117:from the original on 7 April 2022
9087:from the original on 4 April 2023
8759:from the original on 5 April 2023
8714:from the original on 4 April 2023
8467:from the original on 24 June 2017
8326:from the original on 28 July 2020
7950:from the original on 28 July 2020
7706:from the original on 6 March 2016
7516:from the original on 28 June 2011
7208:from the original on 28 July 2020
7144:Mlenga, Moses (13 January 2016).
7055:Morality: The Case for Polygamy",
6531:from the original on 4 April 2018
6519:Nyami, Faith (11 February 2018).
6447:Medieval Ireland: An encyclopedia
6424:. Oxford: Mandrake. p. 192.
6192:from the original on 22 June 2023
6026:from the original on 28 June 2023
5763:from the original on 28 June 2023
5732:from the original on 28 June 2023
5278:from the original on 27 July 2021
5234:Baloyi, Elijah M. (August 2013).
5037:from the original on 7 April 2022
4938:Fenske, James (9 November 2013).
4919:from the original on 4 April 2023
4638:from the original on 30 June 2023
4626:Sample, Ian (24 September 2014).
4392:Trends in Ecology & Evolution
4186:Trends in Ecology & Evolution
4117:Sheff, Elisabeth (22 July 2014).
4028:from the original on 7 April 2022
3995:from the original on 28 July 2020
3889:derived from George P. Murdock's
3328:
3314:in and of itself is not a crime.
3267:Supreme Court of British Columbia
3099:
3049:Jewish communities (particularly
2464:issued a public declaration (the
2096:Late-19th century Mormon polygamy
1556:
327:Parallel / cross cousins
75:This article has multiple issues.
12731:
12730:
11255:Hong Kong (performed until 1971)
10660:
10634:
10608:
10582:
10537:
10525:from the original on 10 May 2019
10506:
10494:from the original on 10 May 2019
10476:
10430:
10418:from the original on 11 May 2021
10395:
10368:
10356:from the original on 10 May 2019
10335:
10305:
10273:
10241:
10211:
10179:
10149:
10090:
10060:
10034:
10023:. 6 January 2016. Archived from
9989:
9959:
9932:
9904:
9887:
9865:
9843:
9802:from the original on 13 May 2013
9788:
9762:
9744:
9712:
9680:
9654:
9629:
9612:
9582:
9535:
9488:
9459:
9427:
9396:
9366:
9341:
9310:
9288:"Israel 2008: State of Polygamy"
9286:Eglash, Ruth (30 October 2008).
9279:
9244:
9239:Penal Law Amendment (Bigamy) Law
9232:
9213:
9129:
9099:
9060:
9048:from the original on 15 May 2021
9029:
8986:
8939:
8923:
8687:
8663:Coogan, Michael (October 2010).
8636:
8606:
8587:
8539:Coogan, Michael (October 2010).
8506:
8449:
8422:
8391:
8364:
8338:
8312:
8296:
8280:
8223:
8204:
8177:
8150:
8123:
8073:
8040:
7980:
7836:
7824:
7780:
7760:Mears, Bill (14 December 2013).
7753:
7718:
7659:
7633:
7614:
7528:
7502:
7483:
7439:
7410:
7391:
7230:
7220:
7190:
7106:The Ministry of the Whole Person
7097:
7078:
7047:
7027:
7001:
6986:
6972:
6958:
6629:Wilber, David (26 August 2021).
5487:from the original on 30 May 2023
4712:from the original on 28 May 2023
4500:Low, Bobbi S. (4 January 2015).
4072:from the original on 3 June 2016
3641:Latter Day Saint movement portal
3633:
3619:
3605:
3591:
3577:
3349:
3282:This section is an excerpt from
3118:. However, tradition holds that
2460:. In 1890, LDS Church president
2299:
2035:
1898:Catechism of the Catholic Church
221:
145:
105:
64:
27:Marriage to more than one spouse
10860:Sociobiology: The New Synthesis
10718:
10700:. Verlag Ulstein. p. 686.
9999:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
8950:. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon.
8875:. Wm. B. Eerdmans. p. 45.
7666:Adams, Brooke (9 August 2005).
7572:. In Powell, Allan Kent (ed.).
7148:. Mzuni Press. pp. 41–42.
7085:Catholic Cathechism, para. 2387
6944:
6922:
6900:
6865:
6851:
6824:
6794:
6777:
6757:
6705:
6682:
6671:
6660:
6649:
6622:
6611:
6600:
6589:
6574:
6488:
6463:
6438:
6413:
6173:
6080:
5967:
5875:
5832:
5775:
5744:
5692:
5667:
5647:
5632:
5600:
5565:
5432:
5417:
5366:
5313:
5290:
5227:
5212:
5139:Fenske, James (November 2012).
5132:
5049:
4962:
4931:
4893:
4862:
4842:. In Emad El-Din Shahin (ed.).
4831:
4788:from the original on 3 May 2020
4619:
4285:
4271:. University Press of Florida.
4260:
4228:
4177:
3544:Nazi plans for post-war Germany
3159:
3131:the smallness of their families
2668:means warrior knowledge, three;
1723:
1264:Polygyny is more widespread in
83:or discuss these issues on the
12713:Marriage in pre-Islamic Arabia
10885:History of Polygamy in Judaism
8371:Nurmila, Nina (10 June 2009).
8307:Mohammed and the Rise of Islam
7988:"Joseph Smith Fought Polygamy"
7846:(September 1943). "Factions".
7176:. A&C Black. p. 304.
6831:Ugwu, Kelvin (28 April 2022).
6180:Booth, Hannah (1 April 2017).
5753:"Monogamy and Human Evolution"
5751:Zimmer, Carl (2 August 2013).
5674:Constantine, Larry L. (1974).
5622:(London: Sage, 2001), 123–27.
4813:The Oxford Dictionary of Islam
4807:John L. Esposito, ed. (2014).
4504:. Princeton University Press.
4007:
3978:
3867:(in Greek). Lexicology Centre.
3851:
3825:
3791:
3728:
3536:The wife cannot bear children.
3434:American Civil Liberties Union
3255:Canadian Department of Justice
2674:means business knowledge, two;
2438:, however, the unanimous 1878
1647:does not regard marriage as a
1430:
1106:upon the death of the partner"
49:. For polygamy in plants, see
13:
1:
12322:Ghost marriage in South Sudan
10890:"LIFE with Polygamists", 1944
10106:, 16 July 1999 press release.
8842:Murphy, Catherine M. (2002).
8322:. IslamWeb. 7 February 2002.
8184:Larson, Gerald James (2001).
7668:"LDS splinter groups growing"
7094:5 April 2009, Vatican website
6938:On Marriage and Concupiscence
6916:On Marriage and Concupiscence
6859:On Marriage and Concupiscence
6835:. Pen Shuttle. Archived from
6733:"Chapter III: 1536–1545"
5547:. Ballantine Books. pp.
5373:Goldstein, Melvyn C. (1978).
5114:10.1525/aa.1988.90.4.02a00060
4873:. In John L. Esposito (ed.).
4174:in Merriam-Webster Dictionary
4119:"Seven Forms of Non-Monogamy"
3841:Center for the Greek Language
3745:
3462:In an October 2004 op-ed for
2754:Islamic marital jurisprudence
2266:Freedom of religion in the US
469:Household forms and residence
51:Plant reproductive morphology
11782:Terminology within polyamory
11534:Marriage practice by country
10488:Justia Dockets & Filings
8788:Post-Biblical Jewish Studies
8516:. BBC News. 15 August 2001.
8230:Çiğdem, Recep (March 2015).
8133:The world wakes up to Islam!
7422:. Main Street Church. 2007.
7419:Lifting the Veil of Polygamy
7057:Time Magazine, 10 May 1968,
6140:10.1371/journal.pgen.1008293
6093:. Rowman & Littlefield.
5070:10.1017/CBO9780511621697.014
4269:Cultures of Multiple Fathers
4245:10.5040/9781350042162.ch-001
4192:(11). Elsevier BV: 600–606.
4052:"Monogamy: past and present"
4050:Reichard, Ulrich H. (2003).
3680:List of polygamy court cases
3517:
3470:George Washington University
3417:'s largest denomination the
2852:was monogamously married to
2306:Latter Day Saints portal
2246:List of polygamy court cases
1750:allows or forbids polygamy.
1418:
1272:, and some scholars see the
1172:
909:
534:Classificatory terminologies
7:
10764:Chapman, Samuel A. (2001).
9545:A history of Zoroastrianism
9164:"Polygamous cult uncovered"
9073:. BRILL. pp. 139–157.
8946:Bell, Dean Phillip (2019).
8435:. World Bank Publications.
8251:10.1556/AOrient.68.2015.1.4
8113:Singh, Madan Mohan (1967).
4398:(6). Elsevier BV: 297–304.
3879:Ethnographic Atlas Codebook
3766:Online Etymology Dictionary
3570:
3080:Late Sephardic chief rabbi
2734:was enacted in 1955 by the
2604:
2569:Latter Day Church of Christ
1639:
1593:Ethnographic Atlas Codebook
1154:
989:Ethnographic Atlas Codebook
10:
12790:
11590:Close plural relationships
10837:Mormon Polygamy: A History
9827:. BBC News. 25 July 2017.
8815:Brooke, George J. (2005).
8739:Karras, Ruth Mazo (2012).
7512:. Caselaw.lp.findlaw.com.
6886:10.1177/002096430606000203
6472:A brief history of Ireland
6211:Keinan A, Reich D (2010).
4412:10.1016/j.tree.2009.02.005
4206:10.1016/j.tree.2014.09.001
3864:Dictionary of Modern Greek
3861:(2002). "s.v. πολυγαμία".
3799:
3379:
3373:
3281:
3209: Legal status unknown
3163:
3103:
2986:show that several smaller
2951:
2947:
2745:
2436:United States Constitution
2347:
2341:
2042:A Mormon "Saint" and Wives
1980:received the sacrament of
1727:
1560:
1434:
1176:
1158:
1070:biological anthropologists
904:
118:about polygamy in history.
44:
29:
12726:
12695:
12675:
12612:
12559:
12507:
12484:
12432:
12392:
12346:
12287:
12278:
12235:
12173:
12147:
11939:
11830:
11754:
11692:
11679:Polygamy in North America
11661:
11595:
11499:
11331:
11230:
11191:
11158:
10953:
10944:
10787:. New York: Orbis Books.
10753:Cairncross, John (1974).
10484:"Carrick v. Snyder et al"
10473:. Published: 5 June 2006.
10465:17 September 2015 at the
9470:. Bombay. pp. 40–43.
9162:Rosenberg, David (2016).
9007:10.1017/s0021223700005355
8445:– via Google Books.
8387:– via Google Books.
7574:Utah History Encyclopedia
7568:Embry, Jessie L. (1994).
7123:. ABC-CLIO. p. 188.
7090:10 September 2002 at the
6783:Letter to the Chancellor
6712:Letter to Philip of Hesse
4690:10.1007/s00239-003-2458-x
4235:Schacht, Ryan N. (2013),
4003:– via ResearchGate.
3928:10.1007/s12110-012-9144-x
3736:Conflict of marriage laws
3670:Conflict of marriage laws
3552:, there was an effort by
3409:Reynolds v. United States
3276:
3248:
3041:have continued to follow
2615:mentions that during the
2561:Apostolic United Brethren
2445:Reynolds v. United States
2286:Polygamy in North America
2140:Current state of polygamy
2100:Mormon colonies in Mexico
2021:Latter Day Saint movement
1977:Lutheran World Federation
1827:"The Confessional Advice"
1671:was outlawed in 2015. In
1197:Muslim-majority countries
956:In contrast to polygamy,
53:. For the racehorse, see
11674:Polygamy in Christianity
10783:Hillman, Eugene (1975).
10460:"Polygamy vs. Democracy"
10402:Slark, Samantha (2004).
10068:"Official Declaration 1"
10021:House of Commons Library
9967:"Get a divorce – GOV.UK"
8869:Loader, William (2009).
8303:David Samuel Margoliouth
8216:1 September 2005 at the
7992:restorationbookstore.org
7578:University of Utah Press
7576:. Salt Lake City, Utah:
6771:1:403–404 Excerpts from
6501:31 December 2014 at the
6363:"The Judicial Framework"
5996:10.1177/1745691614561683
5062:The Character of Kinship
4155:; The same text repeats
3885:18 November 2012 at the
3721:
3675:Legal status of polygamy
3166:Legal status of polygamy
3114:that favors polygamy or
3067:Jews from Arab countries
2767:Based on verse 30:21 of
2741:
2282:Polygamy in Christianity
2270:Legal status of polygamy
1730:Polygamy in Christianity
1456:
1400:polygyny referred to as
1179:Legal status of polygamy
1126:
30:Not to be confused with
11772:New relationship energy
10833:Van Wagoner, Richard S.
10102:18 October 2009 at the
10072:churchofjesuschrist.org
9899:Offences Code of Russia
9895:Criminal Code of Russia
8489:Modern Muslim societies
8130:Siddiqui, Moid (2009).
7944:Encyclopædia Britannica
7495:10 October 2007 at the
7202:ChurchofJesusChrist.org
7104:Deressa, Yonas (1973).
6995:On the Good of Marriage
6980:On the Good of Marriage
6966:On the Good of Marriage
6952:On the Good of Marriage
6931:On the Good of Marriage
6909:On the Good of Marriage
6470:State, Paul F. (2009).
6266:. Accesstoinsight.org.
5700:Atlas of World Cultures
5102:American Anthropologist
4869:Calder, Norman (2009).
4838:Vikør, Knut S. (2014).
4530:SSRN Electronic Journal
4369:10.3389/fevo.2019.00230
3815:A Greek–English Lexicon
3512:Equal Protection Clause
3428:On 13 December 2013, a
3185: Polygamy is legal
2958:Polygyny § Judaism
2428:Morrill Anti-Bigamy Act
2178:Morrill Anti-Bigamy Act
1895:condemns polygamy; the
1489:Non-fraternal polyandry
1255:and is contrasted with
12310:Chinese ghost marriage
9637:"Ammianus Marcellinus"
9187:Mandel, Jonah (2011).
9137:Sedley, David (2016).
9042:Jewish Women's Archive
8848:. Brill. p. 380.
8599:3 October 2006 at the
6289:The Ethics of Buddhism
5541:Fisher, Helen (2000).
5424:Levine, Nancy (1998).
4987:10.1098/rstb.2011.0290
4578:10.1186/2041-2223-5-13
4565:Investigative Genetics
3585:Human sexuality portal
3498:
3451:and advocates such as
3449:Individualist feminism
3382:Mormonism and polygamy
3371:
3226:
3157:
3139:
2977:second century CE
2898:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2847:
2814:
2789:
2682:
2357:Doctrine and Covenants
2344:Mormonism and polygamy
2092:Wives of Brigham Young
2044:by Charles Weitfle (c.
2029:Mormonism and polygamy
2018:
1968:
1819:Protestant Reformation
1802:
1796:1 Timothy 3:2 states:
1794:
1768:However, some look to
1451:impartible inheritance
1427:
1410:Household organization
1386:
1330:
1319:
1192:
1169:
844:"The Traffic in Women"
677:Coming of Age in Samoa
156:is missing information
116:is missing information
12774:Religion and politics
11777:Primary and secondary
11716:List of practitioners
10328:6 August 2020 at the
10122:The Salt Lake Tribune
9641:penelope.uchicago.edu
9542:Boyce, Mary. (1996).
9348:"Victims of polygamy"
9319:"Victims of polygamy"
9220:Judaism and Polygamy:
8791:. Brill. p. 76.
8603:from mechon-mamre.org
7939:"Community of Christ"
7797:The Salt Lake Tribune
7788:Stack, Peggy Fletcher
7673:The Salt Lake Tribune
7456:Journal of Discourses
7403:7 August 2007 at the
6718:-Seidemann, 6:238–244
6264:"Accesstoinsight.org"
6229:10.1093/molbev/msq117
6054:. Scarborough House.
5952:10.1093/molbev/msh214
5639:Simpson, Bob (1998).
5346:Stone, Linda (2006).
3806:Liddell, Henry George
3493:
3423:fundamentalist Mormon
3386:Mormon fundamentalism
3374:Further information:
3357:
3310:polygamy or multiple
3299:Family Code of Russia
3173:
3147:
3128:
3034:different countries.
2831:
2798:
2773:
2762:more than one husband
2695:Paraskara Grihyasutra
2656:
2589:Joseph Smith III
2565:Centennial Park group
2549:Mormon fundamentalism
2539:Mormon fundamentalism
2514:The Salt Lake Tribune
2501:Mormon fundamentalist
2470:Anti-Mormon sentiment
2274:List of practitioners
2132:Centennial Park group
2123:Mormon fundamentalism
2064:Wives of Joseph Smith
2002:
1963:
1887:Roman Catholic Church
1798:
1789:
1426:
1384:
1324:
1314:
1293:shifting horticulture
1186:
1168:
1074:behavioral ecologists
860:Cultural anthropology
820:Feminist anthropology
612:Australian Aboriginal
11653:Relationship anarchy
11546:Regions governed by
11222:(2008; welfare only)
10644:. 15 November 2021.
10442:23 June 2021 at the
10377:Family Law Quarterly
10125:. 13 December 2013.
10030:on 13 November 2018.
9622:The Letter of Tansar
9495:West, M. L. (2010).
9168:Israel National News
9067:Lamdān, Rût (2000).
8649:28 July 2020 at the
8594:Deuteronomy 21:15–17
8160:Antiquities of India
7790:(14 December 2013).
7647:on 21 September 2011
7626:19 July 2007 at the
7011:. 11 November 1563.
6806:biblicalpolygamy.com
6764:James Bowling Mozley
6747:George Bell and Sons
6714:, 10 December 1539,
5718:Current Anthropology
5445:Current Anthropology
5301:Kinship and Marriage
5153:on 22 September 2017
5056:Goody, Jack (1974).
4736:Goody, Jack (1976).
4538:10.2139/ssrn.1214729
3859:Babiniotis, Georgios
3404:Constitution of Utah
3368:Constitution of Utah
3154:Ammianus Marcellinus
3143:Ammianus Marcellinus
1703:wavered between it,
1665:Polygamy in Thailand
1567:Group marriage is a
1493:Nayar tribe of India
1219:forming part of the
751:Bronisław Malinowski
12551:Royal intermarriage
12253:Mystery of Crowning
11662:History and culture
11529:Polygamy by country
10937:Polygamous marriage
10863:. Harvard Univ Pr.
10622:on 24 November 2022
10471:The Weekly Standard
10446:. Jonathan Turley,
9596:. 24 January 2012.
9353:5 July 2021 at the
9225:12 May 2008 at the
9113:. 7 December 2020.
9111:Pew Research Center
8913:Babylonian Talmud,
8614:"Deuteronomy 17:17"
8352:on 14 December 2013
8291:Dictionary of Islam
7998:on 18 February 2015
7961:practices of Smith.
7688:on 13 January 2014.
6787:, 13 January 1524,
6420:Fries, Jan (2003).
5896:1981Natur.293...55H
5800:2002Natur.416..496A
5574:Social Anthropology
5297:Fox, Robin (1967).
4682:2003JMolE..57...85D
4404:2009TEcoE..24..297B
4311:10.14430/arctic3151
4198:2014TEcoE..29..600K
4021:Pew Research Center
3090:Bar-Ilan University
3016:Abraham David Taroç
3006:, was the synod of
2598:Community of Christ
2585:Community of Christ
2579:Community of Christ
2559:(FLDS Church), the
2371:during the 1839–44
2108:Reed Smoot hearings
1772:'s writings to the
1695:Some pre-Christian
1669:Polygamy in Myanmar
1462:Fraternal polyandry
1366:for an extra wife.
856:Social anthropology
746:Claude Lévi-Strauss
529:Kinship terminology
352:Joking relationship
347:Posthumous marriage
18:Polygamous marriage
12417:Marriage allowance
12047:Widow conservation
11824:Types of marriages
11736:Placement marriage
11721:Celestial marriage
10815:Edwin Mellen Press
10811:Lewiston, New York
10809:(First ed.).
10314:Arts & Opinion
10192:The New York Times
9409:The Jerusalem Post
9292:The Jerusalem Post
9193:The Jerusalem Post
8410:on 23 January 2015
8404:Think Africa Press
8211:Marriages-Divorces
7734:The New York Times
6607:1 Corinthians 6:16
6507:Tuath na Ciarraide
6368:Women of the Celts
6339:on 30 January 2016
5978:(1 January 2015).
5757:The New York Times
5698:Murdock GP (1981)
5349:Kinship and Gender
4784:. 20 August 2019.
4758:on 8 December 2015
4170:2015-06-23 at the
4135:Cf. "Monogamy" in
4100:2018-07-13 at the
3891:Ethnographic Atlas
3705:Types of marriages
3459:situation arises.
3372:
3340:ground for divorce
3295:Russian Federation
3284:Polygamy in Russia
3227:
2758:more than one wife
2732:Hindu Marriage Act
2545:Council of Friends
2365:Liverpool, England
2288: •
2284: •
2280: •
2276: •
2272: •
2268: •
2264: •
2262:Celestial marriage
2244: •
2238: •
2232: •
2226: •
2220: •
2214: •
2208: •
2190:Edmunds–Tucker Act
2188: •
2184: •
2180: •
2162: •
2158: •
2154: •
2150: •
2146: •
2142: •
2138: •
2136:Council of Friends
2134: •
2130: •
2110: •
2106: •
2102: •
2098: •
2094: •
2090: •
2070: •
2066: •
2062: •
1998:Anglican Communion
1994:Lambeth Conference
1988:Anglican Communion
1857:Sub-Saharan Africa
1681:Polyandry in Tibet
1482:partible paternity
1428:
1387:
1331:
1301:plough-agriculture
1289:Ethnographic Atlas
1278:sub-Saharan Africa
1193:
1191:and favorite wives
1170:
1096:classical monogamy
945:, researchers use
786:David M. Schneider
632:Polyandry in Tibet
12746:
12745:
12480:
12479:
12467:Mixed-orientation
12317:Widow inheritance
11996:Marriage in Islam
11986:Clerical marriage
11790:
11789:
11684:Polygyny in Islam
11669:Combined marriage
11618:Open relationship
11557:
11556:
11248:Equatorial Guinea
11187:
11186:
10870:978-0-674-00235-7
10846:978-0-941214-79-7
10824:978-0-7734-6310-3
10803:Korotayev, Andrey
10794:978-0-88344-391-0
10775:978-1-4010-1244-1
10163:. 11 April 2016.
10044:. 29 March 2020.
9594:iranicaonline.org
9508:978-1-84885-505-2
9317:Aburabia, Sarab.
9143:timesofisrael.com
9080:978-90-04-11747-1
8995:Israel Law Review
8957:978-0-429-45892-7
8896:Babylonian Talmud
8882:978-0-8028-6391-1
8828:978-1-4514-0844-7
8752:978-0-8122-0641-8
8707:978-0-19-514917-3
8680:978-0-446-54525-9
8556:978-0-446-54525-9
8499:978-0-7614-7927-7
8119:. pp. 39–40.
7968:cite encyclopedia
7866:Launius, Roger D.
7844:Musser, Joseph W.
7407:, 1 February 1844
6618:1 Corinthians 7:4
6596:1 Corinthians 7:4
6382:978-0-89281-150-2
6316:978-0-521-55640-8
6297:978-0-7007-0230-5
6100:978-1-882289-33-2
6061:978-0-8128-6286-7
5853:10.1159/000064784
5678:. Collier Books.
5558:978-0-449-91260-7
5190:978-1-84520-220-0
4981:(1589): 657–669.
4511:978-0-691-16388-8
4356:Front. Ecol. Evol
4065:978-0-521-52577-0
3759:Harper, Douglas.
3503:Carrick v. Snyder
3432:, spurred by the
3230:International law
2862:marriage contract
2748:Polygyny in Islam
2736:Indian Parliament
2642:According to the
2340:
2339:
2174:Antipolygamy laws
2083:Latter-day Saints
1920:quae principantur
1691:Celtic traditions
1651:; it is purely a
1371:levirate marriage
1338:Types of polygyny
1189:Manga Ndumbe Bell
1086:social scientists
974:is illegal), but
894:
893:
791:Marilyn Strathern
771:Stephen O. Murray
685:
684:
592:
591:
510:
509:
464:
463:
197:
196:
189:
179:
178:
139:
138:
98:
16:(Redirected from
12781:
12734:
12733:
12708:Mail-order bride
12285:
12284:
12155:Marriageable age
11969:Eastern Orthodox
11817:
11810:
11803:
11794:
11793:
11731:Spiritual wifery
11584:
11577:
11570:
11561:
11560:
11550:
11542:
11231:Recognized under
11223:
11215:
11207:
10951:
10950:
10930:
10923:
10916:
10907:
10906:
10874:
10850:
10828:
10798:
10779:
10768:. Xlibris Corp.
10760:
10749:
10712:
10711:
10694:Fest, Joachim C.
10690:
10684:
10683:
10681:
10679:
10664:
10658:
10657:
10655:
10653:
10638:
10632:
10631:
10629:
10627:
10618:. Archived from
10612:
10606:
10605:
10603:
10601:
10592:. 25 June 2019.
10586:
10580:
10579:
10573:
10565:
10563:
10561:
10541:
10535:
10534:
10532:
10530:
10519:The Detroit News
10510:
10504:
10503:
10501:
10499:
10480:
10474:
10457:
10451:
10434:
10428:
10427:
10425:
10423:
10399:
10393:
10392:
10372:
10366:
10365:
10363:
10361:
10339:
10333:
10321:
10309:
10303:
10302:
10300:
10298:
10277:
10271:
10270:
10268:
10266:
10257:. 12 July 2011.
10245:
10239:
10238:
10236:
10234:
10215:
10209:
10208:
10206:
10204:
10183:
10177:
10176:
10174:
10172:
10153:
10147:
10146:
10144:
10142:
10113:
10107:
10094:
10088:
10087:
10085:
10083:
10064:
10058:
10057:
10055:
10053:
10038:
10032:
10031:
10029:
10018:
10010:
10004:
10003:
9993:
9987:
9986:
9984:
9982:
9963:
9957:
9956:
9954:
9952:
9936:
9930:
9929:
9927:
9925:
9908:
9902:
9891:
9885:
9884:
9882:
9880:
9869:
9863:
9862:
9860:
9858:
9847:
9841:
9840:
9838:
9836:
9821:
9812:
9811:
9809:
9807:
9792:
9786:
9785:
9783:
9781:
9772:. Archived from
9766:
9760:
9759:
9758:on 30 June 2013.
9748:
9742:
9741:
9739:
9737:
9731:
9724:
9716:
9710:
9709:
9707:
9705:
9699:
9692:
9684:
9678:
9677:
9675:
9673:
9658:
9652:
9651:
9649:
9647:
9633:
9627:
9626:
9616:
9610:
9609:
9607:
9605:
9586:
9580:
9579:
9577:
9575:
9539:
9533:
9532:
9530:
9528:
9492:
9486:
9485:
9479:
9471:
9463:
9457:
9456:
9454:
9452:
9446:
9439:
9431:
9425:
9424:
9422:
9420:
9400:
9394:
9393:
9391:
9389:
9384:on 14 April 2008
9380:. Archived from
9370:
9364:
9345:
9339:
9338:
9336:
9334:
9325:. Archived from
9314:
9308:
9307:
9305:
9303:
9283:
9277:
9276:
9248:
9242:
9236:
9230:
9217:
9211:
9208:
9206:
9204:
9183:
9181:
9179:
9158:
9156:
9154:
9133:
9127:
9126:
9124:
9122:
9103:
9097:
9096:
9094:
9092:
9064:
9058:
9057:
9055:
9053:
9033:
9027:
9026:
8990:
8984:
8983:
8977:
8969:
8943:
8937:
8930:Avraham Grossman
8927:
8921:
8911:
8902:
8893:
8887:
8886:
8866:
8860:
8859:
8839:
8833:
8832:
8812:
8803:
8802:
8779:
8773:
8772:
8766:
8764:
8736:
8727:
8726:
8721:
8719:
8691:
8685:
8684:
8660:
8654:
8640:
8634:
8633:
8631:
8629:
8610:
8604:
8591:
8585:
8575:
8569:
8568:
8536:
8530:
8529:
8527:
8525:
8510:
8504:
8503:
8483:
8477:
8476:
8474:
8472:
8453:
8447:
8446:
8426:
8420:
8419:
8417:
8415:
8406:. Archived from
8395:
8389:
8388:
8368:
8362:
8361:
8359:
8357:
8342:
8336:
8335:
8333:
8331:
8316:
8310:
8300:
8294:
8284:
8278:
8277:
8275:
8273:
8267:
8236:
8227:
8221:
8208:
8202:
8201:
8181:
8175:
8174:
8154:
8148:
8147:
8127:
8121:
8120:
8110:
8101:
8100:
8098:
8096:
8085:sacred-texts.com
8077:
8071:
8070:
8054:
8044:
8038:
8037:
8017:
8008:
8007:
8005:
8003:
7994:. Archived from
7984:
7978:
7977:
7971:
7963:
7957:
7955:
7941:
7933:
7927:
7926:
7889:
7887:10.2307/45228113
7862:
7856:
7855:
7840:
7834:
7828:
7822:
7821:
7819:
7817:
7784:
7778:
7777:
7775:
7773:
7757:
7751:
7750:
7748:
7746:
7730:
7722:
7716:
7715:
7713:
7711:
7696:
7690:
7689:
7684:. Archived from
7663:
7657:
7656:
7654:
7652:
7637:
7631:
7618:
7612:
7611:
7609:
7607:
7602:on 17 April 2017
7598:. Archived from
7565:
7556:
7555:
7553:
7551:
7532:
7526:
7525:
7523:
7521:
7506:
7500:
7487:
7481:
7480:
7474:
7472:
7449:(18 June 1865).
7443:
7437:
7435:
7433:
7431:
7414:
7408:
7395:
7389:
7388:
7386:
7384:
7378:
7338:10.2307/45228320
7323:
7311:
7305:
7304:
7270:
7268:10.2307/45226184
7243:
7237:
7234:
7228:
7224:
7218:
7217:
7215:
7213:
7194:
7188:
7187:
7169:
7160:
7159:
7141:
7135:
7134:
7116:
7110:
7109:
7101:
7095:
7082:
7076:
7051:
7045:
7031:
7025:
7024:
7022:
7020:
7005:
6999:
6990:
6984:
6976:
6970:
6962:
6956:
6948:
6942:
6926:
6920:
6904:
6898:
6897:
6869:
6863:
6855:
6849:
6848:
6846:
6844:
6839:on 28 April 2022
6828:
6822:
6821:
6819:
6817:
6798:
6792:
6781:
6775:
6761:
6755:
6754:
6743:Hazlitt, William
6725:
6719:
6709:
6703:
6686:
6680:
6675:
6669:
6664:
6658:
6653:
6647:
6646:
6644:
6642:
6626:
6620:
6615:
6609:
6604:
6598:
6593:
6587:
6578:
6572:
6571:
6569:
6567:
6547:
6541:
6540:
6538:
6536:
6516:
6510:
6492:
6486:
6485:
6467:
6461:
6460:
6442:
6436:
6435:
6417:
6411:
6410:
6355:
6349:
6348:
6346:
6344:
6335:. Archived from
6324:
6318:
6305:
6299:
6286:
6280:
6279:
6277:
6275:
6260:
6251:
6250:
6240:
6208:
6202:
6201:
6199:
6197:
6177:
6171:
6170:
6160:
6142:
6118:
6112:
6111:
6109:
6107:
6084:
6078:
6077:
6075:
6073:
6042:
6036:
6035:
6033:
6031:
5976:Overall, Nickola
5971:
5965:
5964:
5954:
5930:
5924:
5923:
5904:10.1038/293055a0
5879:
5873:
5872:
5836:
5830:
5829:
5811:
5779:
5773:
5772:
5770:
5768:
5748:
5742:
5741:
5739:
5737:
5709:
5703:
5696:
5690:
5689:
5671:
5665:
5651:
5645:
5644:
5636:
5630:
5604:
5598:
5597:
5569:
5563:
5562:
5538:
5532:
5531:
5503:
5497:
5496:
5494:
5492:
5436:
5430:
5429:
5421:
5415:
5414:
5412:
5410:
5370:
5364:
5363:
5343:
5337:
5336:
5334:
5332:
5317:
5311:
5310:
5304:
5294:
5288:
5287:
5285:
5283:
5265:
5255:
5231:
5225:
5224:
5216:
5210:
5209:
5201:
5195:
5194:
5183:. Oxford: Berg.
5176:
5163:
5162:
5160:
5158:
5152:
5145:
5136:
5130:
5129:
5127:
5125:
5093:
5084:
5083:
5053:
5047:
5046:
5044:
5042:
5026:
5017:
5016:
5006:
4966:
4960:
4959:
4957:
4955:
4935:
4929:
4928:
4926:
4924:
4897:
4891:
4890:
4888:
4886:
4866:
4860:
4859:
4857:
4855:
4835:
4829:
4828:
4826:
4824:
4819:on 31 March 2019
4804:
4798:
4797:
4795:
4793:
4774:
4768:
4767:
4765:
4763:
4748:
4742:
4741:
4733:
4722:
4721:
4719:
4717:
4661:
4648:
4647:
4645:
4643:
4623:
4617:
4616:
4598:
4580:
4556:
4550:
4549:
4525:
4516:
4515:
4497:
4488:
4487:
4476:10.1037/h0099346
4459:
4450:
4449:
4431:
4383:
4374:
4373:
4371:
4347:
4324:
4323:
4313:
4289:
4283:
4282:
4264:
4258:
4257:
4232:
4226:
4225:
4181:
4175:
4133:
4127:
4126:
4123:Psychology Today
4114:
4105:
4093:Low B.S. (2003)
4091:
4082:
4081:
4079:
4077:
4047:
4038:
4037:
4035:
4033:
4011:
4005:
4004:
4002:
4000:
3982:
3976:
3975:
3907:
3894:
3875:
3869:
3868:
3855:
3849:
3848:
3829:
3823:
3802:
3801:
3795:
3789:
3788:
3786:
3784:
3770:
3756:
3739:
3732:
3643:
3638:
3637:
3636:
3629:
3624:
3623:
3615:
3610:
3609:
3601:
3596:
3595:
3587:
3582:
3581:
3558:Heinrich Himmler
3489:Hudson Institute
3477:spousal abuse".
3208:
3202:
3196:
3190:
3184:
3178:
3155:
3137:
3124:letter of Tansar
3008:Rabbeinu Gershom
2984:Dead Sea Scrolls
2845:
2812:
2787:
2553:Lorin C. Woolley
2482:Second Manifesto
2462:Wilford Woodruff
2416:Republican Party
2386:Nauvoo Expositor
2381:Heber C. Kimball
2332:
2325:
2318:
2304:
2303:
2302:
2257:Related articles
2160:Short Creek raid
2072:Spiritual wifery
2047:
2039:
2025:
2024:
1876:Paul the Apostle
1865:king of Eswatini
1863:, the Christian
1806:Epistle to Titus
1779:
1748:Christian ethics
1515:tribe of China.
1509:walking marriage
1344:sororal polygyny
1055:Genetic polygamy
1037:Marital polygamy
912:
907:
906:
886:
879:
872:
804:Related articles
776:Michelle Rosaldo
605:
604:
523:
522:
391:
390:
378:
236:
235:
225:
213:Anthropology of
201:
200:
192:
185:
174:
171:
165:
149:
141:
134:
131:
125:
109:
101:
90:
68:
67:
60:
55:Polygamy (horse)
21:
12789:
12788:
12784:
12783:
12782:
12780:
12779:
12778:
12749:
12748:
12747:
12742:
12722:
12691:
12671:
12608:
12555:
12503:
12476:
12428:
12388:
12342:
12280:
12274:
12231:
12183:Sister exchange
12169:
12143:
11935:
11875:Serial monogamy
11831:Legal scenarios
11826:
11821:
11791:
11786:
11750:
11688:
11657:
11591:
11588:
11558:
11553:
11545:
11540:
11495:
11396:Iraqi Kurdistan
11333:
11332:Other countries
11327:
11232:
11226:
11221:
11213:
11205:
11195:
11193:
11183:
11154:
10946:
10940:
10934:
10881:
10871:
10847:
10825:
10795:
10776:
10746:
10721:
10716:
10715:
10708:
10691:
10687:
10677:
10675:
10670:. 7 July 2018.
10666:
10665:
10661:
10651:
10649:
10640:
10639:
10635:
10625:
10623:
10614:
10613:
10609:
10599:
10597:
10588:
10587:
10583:
10567:
10566:
10559:
10557:
10542:
10538:
10528:
10526:
10511:
10507:
10497:
10495:
10482:
10481:
10477:
10467:Wayback Machine
10458:
10454:
10444:Wayback Machine
10435:
10431:
10421:
10419:
10400:
10396:
10373:
10369:
10359:
10357:
10340:
10336:
10330:Wayback Machine
10310:
10306:
10296:
10294:
10279:
10278:
10274:
10264:
10262:
10247:
10246:
10242:
10232:
10230:
10217:
10216:
10212:
10202:
10200:
10195:. 13 May 2020.
10185:
10184:
10180:
10170:
10168:
10155:
10154:
10150:
10140:
10138:
10115:
10114:
10110:
10104:Wayback Machine
10095:
10091:
10081:
10079:
10066:
10065:
10061:
10051:
10049:
10040:
10039:
10035:
10027:
10016:
10012:
10011:
10007:
9994:
9990:
9980:
9978:
9965:
9964:
9960:
9950:
9948:
9937:
9933:
9923:
9921:
9909:
9905:
9892:
9888:
9878:
9876:
9871:
9870:
9866:
9856:
9854:
9849:
9848:
9844:
9834:
9832:
9823:
9822:
9815:
9805:
9803:
9794:
9793:
9789:
9779:
9777:
9776:on 8 April 2017
9768:
9767:
9763:
9750:
9749:
9745:
9735:
9733:
9729:
9722:
9718:
9717:
9713:
9703:
9701:
9697:
9690:
9686:
9685:
9681:
9671:
9669:
9660:
9659:
9655:
9645:
9643:
9635:
9634:
9630:
9617:
9613:
9603:
9601:
9588:
9587:
9583:
9573:
9571:
9556:
9540:
9536:
9526:
9524:
9509:
9493:
9489:
9473:
9472:
9464:
9460:
9450:
9448:
9444:
9437:
9433:
9432:
9428:
9418:
9416:
9401:
9397:
9387:
9385:
9372:
9371:
9367:
9355:Wayback Machine
9346:
9342:
9332:
9330:
9315:
9311:
9301:
9299:
9284:
9280:
9249:
9245:
9237:
9233:
9227:Wayback Machine
9218:
9214:
9202:
9200:
9177:
9175:
9152:
9150:
9134:
9130:
9120:
9118:
9105:
9104:
9100:
9090:
9088:
9081:
9065:
9061:
9051:
9049:
9034:
9030:
8991:
8987:
8971:
8970:
8958:
8944:
8940:
8928:
8924:
8912:
8905:
8894:
8890:
8883:
8867:
8863:
8856:
8840:
8836:
8829:
8813:
8806:
8799:
8780:
8776:
8762:
8760:
8753:
8737:
8730:
8717:
8715:
8708:
8692:
8688:
8681:
8661:
8657:
8651:Wayback Machine
8641:
8637:
8627:
8625:
8612:
8611:
8607:
8601:Wayback Machine
8592:
8588:
8576:
8572:
8557:
8537:
8533:
8523:
8521:
8512:
8511:
8507:
8500:
8484:
8480:
8470:
8468:
8463:. 16 May 2007.
8455:
8454:
8450:
8443:
8427:
8423:
8413:
8411:
8396:
8392:
8385:
8369:
8365:
8355:
8353:
8344:
8343:
8339:
8329:
8327:
8318:
8317:
8313:
8309:, p.407, p.461.
8301:
8297:
8285:
8281:
8271:
8269:
8265:
8234:
8228:
8224:
8218:Wayback Machine
8209:
8205:
8198:
8182:
8178:
8171:
8155:
8151:
8144:
8128:
8124:
8111:
8104:
8094:
8092:
8079:
8078:
8074:
8067:
8045:
8041:
8034:
8018:
8011:
8001:
7999:
7986:
7985:
7981:
7965:
7964:
7953:
7951:
7934:
7930:
7863:
7859:
7841:
7837:
7829:
7825:
7815:
7813:
7785:
7781:
7771:
7769:
7758:
7754:
7744:
7742:
7723:
7719:
7709:
7707:
7698:
7697:
7693:
7664:
7660:
7650:
7648:
7639:
7638:
7634:
7628:Wayback Machine
7619:
7615:
7605:
7603:
7588:
7566:
7559:
7549:
7547:
7534:
7533:
7529:
7519:
7517:
7508:
7507:
7503:
7497:Wayback Machine
7488:
7484:
7470:
7468:
7444:
7440:
7429:
7427:
7416:
7415:
7411:
7405:Wayback Machine
7396:
7392:
7382:
7380:
7376:
7321:
7315:Smith, George D
7312:
7308:
7244:
7240:
7235:
7231:
7225:
7221:
7211:
7209:
7196:
7195:
7191:
7184:
7170:
7163:
7156:
7142:
7138:
7131:
7117:
7113:
7102:
7098:
7092:Wayback Machine
7083:
7079:
7065:Adrian Hastings
7052:
7048:
7032:
7028:
7018:
7016:
7007:
7006:
7002:
6991:
6987:
6977:
6973:
6963:
6959:
6949:
6945:
6927:
6923:
6905:
6901:
6870:
6866:
6856:
6852:
6842:
6840:
6829:
6825:
6815:
6813:
6800:
6799:
6795:
6782:
6778:
6762:
6758:
6726:
6722:
6710:
6706:
6699:30 May 2012 at
6687:
6683:
6676:
6672:
6665:
6661:
6654:
6650:
6640:
6638:
6627:
6623:
6616:
6612:
6605:
6601:
6594:
6590:
6579:
6575:
6565:
6563:
6548:
6544:
6534:
6532:
6517:
6513:
6503:Wayback Machine
6493:
6489:
6482:
6468:
6464:
6457:
6443:
6439:
6432:
6418:
6414:
6383:
6356:
6352:
6342:
6340:
6325:
6321:
6306:
6302:
6287:
6283:
6273:
6271:
6262:
6261:
6254:
6223:(10): 2312–21.
6209:
6205:
6195:
6193:
6178:
6174:
6119:
6115:
6105:
6103:
6101:
6085:
6081:
6071:
6069:
6062:
6046:Tennov, Dorothy
6043:
6039:
6029:
6027:
5972:
5968:
5945:(11): 2047–57.
5931:
5927:
5890:(5827): 55–57.
5880:
5876:
5837:
5833:
5809:10.1038/416496a
5780:
5776:
5766:
5764:
5749:
5745:
5735:
5733:
5710:
5706:
5697:
5693:
5686:
5672:
5668:
5652:
5648:
5643:. Oxford: Berg.
5637:
5633:
5605:
5601:
5570:
5566:
5559:
5539:
5535:
5520:10.2307/2844434
5504:
5500:
5490:
5488:
5437:
5433:
5422:
5418:
5408:
5406:
5391:10.2307/3773200
5371:
5367:
5360:
5344:
5340:
5330:
5328:
5327:on 19 June 2010
5319:
5318:
5314:
5295:
5291:
5281:
5279:
5253:10.7832/41-2-12
5232:
5228:
5217:
5213:
5202:
5198:
5191:
5177:
5166:
5156:
5154:
5150:
5143:
5137:
5133:
5123:
5121:
5094:
5087:
5080:
5054:
5050:
5040:
5038:
5027:
5020:
4967:
4963:
4953:
4951:
4936:
4932:
4922:
4920:
4913:
4899:
4898:
4894:
4884:
4882:
4881:on 31 July 2017
4867:
4863:
4853:
4851:
4836:
4832:
4822:
4820:
4805:
4801:
4791:
4789:
4776:
4775:
4771:
4761:
4759:
4750:
4749:
4745:
4734:
4725:
4715:
4713:
4662:
4651:
4641:
4639:
4624:
4620:
4557:
4553:
4532:. Elsevier BV.
4526:
4519:
4512:
4502:Why Sex Matters
4498:
4491:
4460:
4453:
4384:
4377:
4348:
4327:
4290:
4286:
4279:
4265:
4261:
4255:
4233:
4229:
4182:
4178:
4172:Wayback Machine
4134:
4130:
4115:
4108:
4102:Wayback Machine
4092:
4085:
4075:
4073:
4066:
4048:
4041:
4031:
4029:
4012:
4008:
3998:
3996:
3983:
3979:
3908:
3897:
3887:Wayback Machine
3876:
3872:
3856:
3852:
3831:
3830:
3826:
3820:Perseus Project
3796:
3792:
3782:
3780:
3771:
3757:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3742:
3733:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3710:Unicorn hunting
3700:Serial monogamy
3639:
3634:
3632:
3627:Religion portal
3625:
3618:
3611:
3604:
3597:
3590:
3583:
3576:
3573:
3546:
3520:
3474:Jonathan Turley
3392:
3378:
3352:
3331:
3326:
3325:
3287:
3279:
3251:
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3225:
3211:
3210:
3206:
3204:
3200:
3198:
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3188:
3186:
3182:
3180:
3176:
3168:
3162:
3156:
3153:
3138:
3135:
3108:
3102:
3043:Rabbenu Gershom
2960:
2950:
2846:
2838:
2813:
2805:
2788:
2780:
2750:
2744:
2675:
2669:
2663:
2607:
2593:plural marriage
2581:
2541:
2531:since the 1882
2523:Brown v. Buhman
2505:1886 revelation
2493:splinter groups
2395:
2355:Section of the
2352:
2346:
2336:
2300:
2298:
2293:
2292:
2259:
2249:
2248:
2241:Brown v. Buhman
2235:Cleveland v. US
2223:Davis v. Beason
2201:
2193:
2192:
2175:
2167:
2166:
2152:List of leaders
2125:
2115:
2114:
2085:
2075:
2074:
2057:
2056:Early Mormonism
2049:
2045:
2023:
1990:
1973:
1971:Lutheran Church
1893:Catholic Church
1889:
1838:Philip of Hesse
1823:"Der Beichtrat"
1777:
1732:
1726:
1693:
1642:
1637:
1588:
1565:
1559:
1531:serial monogamy
1524:Serial monogamy
1521:
1519:Serial monogamy
1459:
1439:
1433:
1421:
1412:
1360:western country
1340:
1283:Anthropologist
1201:accept polygyny
1181:
1175:
1163:
1157:
1129:
1111:serial monogamy
1082:anthropologists
1049:Sexual polygamy
1043:Social polygamy
1030:
890:
858:
850:
849:
846:
839:
830:
810:Alliance theory
805:
797:
796:
795:
766:Lewis H. Morgan
761:Henrietta Moore
741:Eleanor Leacock
736:Louise Lamphere
731:Roger Lancaster
706:Tom Boellstorff
695:
694:Major theorists
687:
686:
663:
640:
602:
594:
593:
588:
581:Dravidian
520:
512:
511:
491:
376:Nurture kinship
366:
332:Cousin marriage
233:
193:
182:
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175:
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135:
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110:
69:
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43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
12787:
12777:
12776:
12771:
12769:Mating systems
12766:
12761:
12744:
12743:
12741:
12740:
12727:
12724:
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12720:
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12710:
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12557:
12556:
12554:
12553:
12548:
12543:
12538:
12537:
12536:
12535:
12534:
12532:Middle Eastern
12524:
12513:
12511:
12505:
12504:
12502:
12501:
12496:
12490:
12488:
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12371:
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12338:
12337:
12336:
12324:
12314:
12313:
12312:
12307:
12302:
12291:
12289:
12282:
12279:Circumstantial
12276:
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12270:
12265:
12255:
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12015:
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11998:
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11758:
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11723:
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11708:
11702:
11700:
11690:
11689:
11687:
11686:
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11676:
11671:
11665:
11663:
11659:
11658:
11656:
11655:
11650:
11645:
11640:
11635:
11630:
11625:
11620:
11615:
11610:
11608:Group marriage
11605:
11599:
11597:
11593:
11592:
11587:
11586:
11579:
11572:
11564:
11555:
11554:
11552:
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11511:
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11468:
11463:
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11242:
11236:
11234:
11228:
11227:
11225:
11224:
11219:United Kingdom
11216:
11208:
11199:
11197:
11196:legally abroad
11189:
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11185:
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11182:
11181:
11176:
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11121:
11116:
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11100:
11097:
11092:
11089:
11084:
11079:
11074:
11069:
11064:
11059:
11054:
11051:
11046:
11045:
11044:
11039:
11031:
11026:
11021:
11016:
11011:
11006:
11001:
10996:
10991:
10986:
10983:
10978:
10973:
10968:
10963:
10957:
10955:
10948:
10942:
10941:
10933:
10932:
10925:
10918:
10910:
10904:
10903:
10898:
10892:—slideshow by
10887:
10880:
10879:External links
10877:
10876:
10875:
10869:
10851:
10845:
10829:
10823:
10799:
10793:
10780:
10774:
10761:
10750:
10744:
10726:Boserup, Ester
10720:
10717:
10714:
10713:
10706:
10685:
10659:
10633:
10607:
10581:
10536:
10505:
10475:
10452:
10450:(3 March 2004)
10429:
10394:
10383:(3): 711–731.
10367:
10334:
10304:
10272:
10240:
10210:
10178:
10148:
10108:
10089:
10059:
10033:
10005:
9988:
9958:
9931:
9903:
9886:
9864:
9842:
9813:
9787:
9761:
9743:
9711:
9688:"OHCHR report"
9679:
9653:
9628:
9611:
9581:
9554:
9534:
9507:
9487:
9458:
9426:
9395:
9365:
9340:
9329:on 5 July 2021
9309:
9278:
9265:10.2307/839776
9243:
9231:
9212:
9210:
9209:
9184:
9128:
9098:
9079:
9059:
9036:Lamdan, Ruth.
9028:
9001:(3): 408–412.
8985:
8956:
8938:
8922:
8903:
8888:
8881:
8861:
8854:
8834:
8827:
8804:
8797:
8774:
8751:
8728:
8706:
8686:
8679:
8655:
8635:
8605:
8586:
8570:
8555:
8531:
8505:
8498:
8478:
8461:United Nations
8448:
8441:
8421:
8390:
8383:
8363:
8337:
8311:
8295:
8279:
8222:
8203:
8197:978-0253214805
8196:
8176:
8169:
8149:
8142:
8122:
8102:
8072:
8065:
8039:
8032:
8009:
7979:
7928:
7857:
7835:
7823:
7779:
7752:
7717:
7691:
7658:
7632:
7613:
7587:978-0874804256
7586:
7557:
7527:
7501:
7482:
7447:Young, Brigham
7438:
7409:
7390:
7306:
7238:
7229:
7219:
7189:
7182:
7161:
7154:
7136:
7129:
7111:
7096:
7077:
7046:
7026:
7000:
6985:
6971:
6957:
6943:
6921:
6899:
6880:(2): 152–164.
6874:Interpretation
6864:
6850:
6823:
6793:
6776:
6756:
6731:, ed. (1904).
6720:
6704:
6681:
6670:
6667:Matthew 19:3–9
6659:
6648:
6621:
6610:
6599:
6588:
6585:Matthew 19:3–6
6573:
6542:
6511:
6487:
6481:978-0816075171
6480:
6462:
6455:
6437:
6430:
6412:
6381:
6350:
6333:Study Buddhism
6319:
6300:
6281:
6252:
6203:
6172:
6113:
6099:
6079:
6060:
6037:
5966:
5925:
5874:
5847:(2–3): 63–69.
5841:Folia Primatol
5831:
5774:
5743:
5704:
5691:
5685:978-0020759102
5684:
5666:
5646:
5631:
5599:
5580:(4): 510–511.
5564:
5557:
5533:
5498:
5473:10.1086/204624
5457:10.1086/204624
5451:(3): 375–398.
5431:
5416:
5385:(3): 325–337.
5365:
5358:
5338:
5312:
5289:
5246:(2): 164–181.
5226:
5211:
5196:
5189:
5164:
5131:
5108:(4): 871–887.
5085:
5078:
5048:
5018:
4961:
4930:
4911:
4892:
4861:
4850:on 4 June 2014
4830:
4799:
4769:
4743:
4723:
4649:
4618:
4551:
4517:
4510:
4489:
4451:
4375:
4325:
4284:
4277:
4259:
4253:
4227:
4176:
4128:
4106:
4083:
4064:
4039:
4006:
3977:
3895:
3870:
3850:
3824:
3790:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3741:
3740:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3690:Ménage à trois
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3646:
3645:
3644:
3630:
3616:
3602:
3599:Society portal
3588:
3572:
3569:
3554:Martin Bormann
3545:
3542:
3538:
3537:
3534:
3531:
3519:
3516:
3487:fellow at the
3472:law professor
3351:
3348:
3330:
3329:United Kingdom
3327:
3301:states that a
3288:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3250:
3247:
3231:
3228:
3224:
3223:
3220:
3212:
3205:
3199:
3193:
3187:
3181:
3175:
3174:
3161:
3158:
3151:
3133:
3101:
3100:Zoroastrianism
3098:
3039:Ashkenazi Jews
3028:Shulchan Aruch
3012:Sephardic Jews
3004:Ashkenazi Jews
2973:Michael Coogan
2949:
2946:
2836:
2803:
2778:
2746:Main article:
2743:
2740:
2606:
2603:
2580:
2577:
2540:
2537:
2486:excommunicated
2478:Smoot Hearings
2432:US territories
2394:
2391:
2342:Main article:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2334:
2327:
2320:
2312:
2309:
2308:
2295:
2294:
2260:
2255:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2205:Reynolds v. US
2202:
2199:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2148:Kingston Group
2126:
2121:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2112:1904 Manifesto
2104:1890 Manifesto
2086:
2081:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2040:
2032:
2031:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2016:
2013:
2010:
1989:
1986:
1972:
1969:
1932:dominus-servus
1888:
1885:
1814:sola scriptura
1728:Main article:
1725:
1722:
1717:Gaelic Ireland
1701:Celtic peoples
1692:
1689:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1624:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1587:
1584:
1569:non-monogamous
1563:Group marriage
1561:Main article:
1558:
1557:Group marriage
1555:
1520:
1517:
1458:
1455:
1435:Main article:
1432:
1429:
1420:
1417:
1411:
1408:
1339:
1336:
1177:Main article:
1174:
1171:
1159:Main article:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1151:
1148:Group marriage
1145:
1139:
1128:
1125:
1120:
1119:
1107:
1063:
1062:
1052:
1046:
1040:
1029:
1026:
1002:Central Africa
892:
891:
889:
888:
881:
874:
866:
863:
862:
852:
851:
848:
847:
842:
840:
833:
831:
824:
822:
817:
812:
806:
803:
802:
799:
798:
794:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:
716:W. D. Hamilton
713:
708:
703:
697:
696:
693:
692:
689:
688:
683:
682:
681:
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670:
669:
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629:
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619:
614:
608:
603:
600:
599:
596:
595:
590:
589:
587:
586:
578:
573:
568:
566:Eskimo (Inuit)
563:
558:
553:
547:
544:
543:
539:
538:
537:
536:
531:
521:
518:
517:
514:
513:
508:
507:
506:
505:
500:
495:
489:
484:
479:
471:
470:
466:
465:
462:
461:
460:
459:
457:Patrilineality
454:
452:Matrilineality
449:
444:
436:
435:
431:
430:
429:
428:
423:
418:
413:
408:
403:
387:
386:
382:
381:
380:
379:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
294:
289:
284:
279:
274:
269:
264:
259:
254:
249:
244:
234:
232:Basic concepts
231:
230:
227:
226:
218:
217:
210:
209:
195:
194:
177:
176:
153:
151:
144:
137:
136:
113:
111:
104:
99:
73:
72:
70:
63:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
12786:
12775:
12772:
12770:
12767:
12765:
12762:
12760:
12757:
12756:
12754:
12739:
12738:
12729:
12728:
12725:
12719:
12716:
12714:
12711:
12709:
12706:
12704:
12701:
12700:
12698:
12694:
12688:
12687:
12686:Mariage blanc
12683:
12682:
12680:
12678:
12674:
12666:
12663:
12661:
12658:
12656:
12653:
12651:
12648:
12647:
12646:
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12641:
12638:
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12630:
12629:
12626:
12624:
12621:
12620:
12618:
12616:
12611:
12605:
12602:
12600:
12597:
12595:
12592:
12590:
12589:International
12587:
12585:
12582:
12580:
12577:
12575:
12572:
12570:
12567:
12566:
12564:
12562:
12558:
12552:
12549:
12547:
12544:
12542:
12539:
12533:
12530:
12529:
12528:
12525:
12523:
12520:
12519:
12518:
12515:
12514:
12512:
12510:
12506:
12500:
12497:
12495:
12492:
12491:
12489:
12487:
12483:
12473:
12470:
12468:
12465:
12463:
12460:
12458:
12455:
12453:
12450:
12446:
12443:
12442:
12441:
12438:
12437:
12435:
12431:
12423:
12420:
12418:
12415:
12413:
12410:
12409:
12408:
12405:
12403:
12400:
12399:
12397:
12395:
12391:
12385:
12382:
12380:
12377:
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12009:
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12002:
11999:
11997:
11994:
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11770:
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11760:
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11747:
11746:Polygamy czar
11744:
11742:
11739:
11737:
11734:
11732:
11729:
11727:
11724:
11722:
11719:
11717:
11714:
11712:
11711:Current state
11709:
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11703:
11701:
11699:
11695:
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11685:
11682:
11680:
11677:
11675:
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11639:
11636:
11634:
11631:
11629:
11626:
11624:
11621:
11619:
11616:
11614:
11613:Open marriage
11611:
11609:
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11476:United States
11474:
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11366:Côte d'Ivoire
11364:
11362:
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11252:Guinea-Bissau
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11235:
11233:customary law
11229:
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11198:
11192:Recognized if
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10866:
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10855:Wilson, E. O.
10852:
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10745:9781557866868
10741:
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10707:0-15-602754-2
10703:
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9667:
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9624:
9623:
9619:Boyce, Mary.
9615:
9599:
9595:
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9585:
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9565:
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9557:
9555:90-04-10474-7
9551:
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9024:
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8981:
8975:
8967:
8963:
8959:
8953:
8949:
8942:
8935:
8931:
8926:
8920:
8917:; compare to
8916:
8910:
8908:
8901:
8897:
8892:
8884:
8878:
8874:
8873:
8865:
8857:
8855:90-04-11934-5
8851:
8847:
8846:
8838:
8830:
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8811:
8809:
8800:
8798:90-04-04160-5
8794:
8790:
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8482:
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8442:9780821346785
8438:
8434:
8433:
8425:
8409:
8405:
8401:
8394:
8386:
8384:9781134033706
8380:
8377:. Routledge.
8376:
8375:
8367:
8351:
8347:
8346:"ahlalhdeeth"
8341:
8325:
8321:
8315:
8308:
8304:
8299:
8292:
8288:
8287:Thomas Hughes
8283:
8264:
8260:
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8226:
8219:
8215:
8212:
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8170:9788171564422
8166:
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8143:9788174355904
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8068:
8066:9780823931804
8062:
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8033:9788120813328
8029:
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7875:
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7867:
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7290:
7286:
7282:
7278:
7274:
7269:
7264:
7260:
7256:
7252:
7248:
7247:Compton, Todd
7242:
7233:
7223:
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7203:
7199:
7193:
7185:
7183:9780826470904
7179:
7175:
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7155:9789996045097
7151:
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7130:9780313384783
7126:
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7100:
7093:
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7075:
7074:90-04-11668-0
7071:
7067:
7066:
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7056:
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7044:
7043:0-89870-080-9
7040:
7036:
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7014:
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6989:
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6981:
6975:
6969:
6967:
6961:
6955:
6953:
6947:
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6939:
6934:
6932:
6928:St. Augustin
6925:
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6912:
6910:
6903:
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6887:
6883:
6879:
6875:
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6854:
6838:
6834:
6827:
6811:
6807:
6803:
6797:
6790:
6786:
6780:
6774:
6773:Der Beichtrat
6770:
6769:
6765:
6760:
6752:
6748:
6744:
6740:
6739:
6734:
6730:
6724:
6717:
6713:
6708:
6702:
6701:archive.today
6698:
6695:
6691:
6685:
6679:
6678:1 Timothy 3:2
6674:
6668:
6663:
6657:
6652:
6636:
6632:
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6614:
6608:
6603:
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6508:
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6500:
6497:
6491:
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6477:
6473:
6466:
6458:
6456:0-415-94052-4
6452:
6448:
6441:
6433:
6431:9781869928612
6427:
6423:
6416:
6408:
6404:
6400:
6396:
6392:
6388:
6384:
6378:
6374:
6370:
6369:
6364:
6360:
6359:Markale, Jean
6354:
6338:
6334:
6330:
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6317:
6313:
6309:
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6265:
6259:
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6239:
6234:
6230:
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6222:
6218:
6217:Mol Biol Evol
6214:
6207:
6191:
6187:
6183:
6176:
6168:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6150:
6146:
6141:
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6128:
6127:PLOS Genetics
6124:
6117:
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6096:
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6091:
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5989:
5985:
5981:
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5944:
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5939:Mol Biol Evol
5936:
5929:
5921:
5917:
5913:
5909:
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5878:
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5805:
5801:
5797:
5794:(6880): 496.
5793:
5789:
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5762:
5758:
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5663:9780826414885
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5628:9780761971566
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5545:
5544:The First Sex
5537:
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4809:"Islamic Law"
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3922:(2): 149–72.
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3810:Scott, Robert
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3515:
3513:
3509:
3508:Free Exercise
3505:
3504:
3497:
3492:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3481:Stanley Kurtz
3478:
3475:
3471:
3467:
3466:
3460:
3456:
3454:
3453:Wendy McElroy
3450:
3446:
3442:
3440:
3435:
3431:
3430:federal judge
3426:
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3397:
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3350:United States
3347:
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3259:Criminal Code
3256:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3237:
3234:In 2000, the
3221:
3218:
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3051:Yemenite Jews
3048:
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3009:
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2997:
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2992:Temple Scroll
2989:
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2841:
2840:Surah An-Nisa
2835:
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2808:
2807:Surah An-Nisa
2802:
2797:
2795:
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2652:
2647:
2646:
2645:Vishnu Smriti
2640:
2639:in Hinduism.
2637:
2635:
2634:Dharmashastra
2630:
2629:
2624:
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2614:
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2441:
2440:Supreme Court
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2412:
2409:, the second
2408:
2407:Brigham Young
2404:
2400:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2382:
2378:
2377:Brigham Young
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
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2345:
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2328:
2326:
2321:
2319:
2314:
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2279:
2278:Polygamy czar
2275:
2271:
2267:
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2258:
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2252:
2247:
2243:
2242:
2237:
2236:
2231:
2230:
2225:
2224:
2219:
2218:
2217:Clawson v. US
2213:
2212:
2207:
2206:
2197:
2196:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2171:
2170:
2165:
2161:
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2153:
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2133:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2118:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2088:Brigham Young
2084:
2079:
2078:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2053:
2052:
2043:
2038:
2034:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2006:
2005:conditions:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1985:
1983:
1978:
1967:
1962:
1958:
1956:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1911:
1908:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1894:
1884:
1881:
1877:
1872:
1870:
1869:Old Testament
1866:
1862:
1858:
1853:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1836:
1832:
1831:Martin Luther
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1815:
1809:
1807:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1788:
1786:
1781:
1775:
1771:
1766:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1755:New Testament
1751:
1749:
1745:
1744:New Testament
1741:
1737:
1736:Old Testament
1734:Although the
1731:
1721:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1697:Celtic pagans
1688:
1687:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1659:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1632:
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1598:
1595:
1594:
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1581:
1577:
1573:
1570:
1564:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1547:joint custody
1544:
1543:child support
1540:
1534:
1532:
1527:
1525:
1516:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1505:matrilineally
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1484:
1483:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1467:
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1452:
1446:
1444:
1438:
1425:
1416:
1407:
1405:
1404:
1399:
1398:
1397:de facto
1393:
1383:
1379:
1376:
1372:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1335:
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1323:
1318:
1313:
1309:
1307:
1302:
1298:
1297:Ester Boserup
1294:
1290:
1286:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1262:
1260:
1259:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1217:religious law
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1167:
1162:
1149:
1146:
1143:
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1137:
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1133:
1132:
1124:
1117:
1113:
1112:
1108:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1060:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1033:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
990:
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973:
969:
965:
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959:
954:
952:
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940:
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924:
920:
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911:
902:
898:
887:
882:
880:
875:
873:
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864:
861:
857:
854:
853:
845:
841:
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832:
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823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
807:
801:
800:
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789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
756:Margaret Mead
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
721:Gilbert Herdt
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
698:
691:
690:
679:
678:
674:
673:
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671:
667:
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660:
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651:
649:
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637:
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628:
625:
623:
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615:
613:
610:
609:
607:
606:
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579:
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541:
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485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
474:
473:
472:
468:
467:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
442:Ambilineality
440:
439:
438:
437:
433:
432:
427:
424:
422:
421:House society
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
398:
395:
394:
393:
392:
389:
388:
384:
383:
377:
373:
369:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
317:Bride service
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
257:Consanguinity
255:
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245:
243:
240:
239:
238:
237:
229:
228:
224:
220:
219:
216:
212:
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203:
202:
199:
191:
188:
173:
163:
157:
154:This article
152:
148:
143:
142:
133:
130:December 2015
123:
117:
114:This article
112:
108:
103:
102:
97:
95:
88:
87:
82:
81:
76:
71:
62:
61:
56:
52:
48:
41:
40:Polysexuality
37:
33:
19:
12735:
12703:Dishu system
12684:
12654:
12569:Human–animal
12541:Same-surname
12331:
12202:
12136:
12110:
12103:
12096:
12089:
12082:
12075:
12068:
12061:
12042:Self-uniting
12022:
12006:Nikah mut'ah
11907:Nikah mut'ah
11643:Polygynandry
11637:
11633:Polyfidelity
11524:Non-monogamy
11508:
11504:Legal status
11471:Turkmenistan
11313:South Africa
11308:Sierra Leone
11244:Burkina Faso
11103:Saudi Arabia
10936:
10893:
10859:
10836:
10806:
10784:
10765:
10755:
10730:
10719:Bibliography
10697:
10688:
10676:. Retrieved
10662:
10650:. Retrieved
10636:
10624:. Retrieved
10620:the original
10610:
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10584:
10558:. Retrieved
10549:
10539:
10527:. Retrieved
10518:
10508:
10496:. Retrieved
10487:
10478:
10470:
10455:
10447:
10432:
10420:. Retrieved
10411:
10407:
10397:
10380:
10376:
10370:
10358:. Retrieved
10347:
10337:
10317:
10313:
10307:
10295:. Retrieved
10284:
10275:
10263:. Retrieved
10254:Deseret News
10252:
10243:
10231:. Retrieved
10222:
10213:
10201:. Retrieved
10190:
10181:
10169:. Retrieved
10160:
10151:
10139:. Retrieved
10120:
10111:
10092:
10080:. Retrieved
10071:
10062:
10050:. Retrieved
10036:
10025:the original
10008:
9997:
9991:
9979:. Retrieved
9970:
9961:
9949:. Retrieved
9934:
9922:. Retrieved
9918:The Guardian
9916:
9906:
9889:
9877:. Retrieved
9875:(in Russian)
9867:
9855:. Retrieved
9853:(in Russian)
9845:
9833:. Retrieved
9804:. Retrieved
9790:
9778:. Retrieved
9774:the original
9764:
9756:the original
9746:
9734:. Retrieved
9714:
9702:. Retrieved
9682:
9670:. Retrieved
9656:
9644:. Retrieved
9640:
9631:
9621:
9614:
9602:. Retrieved
9593:
9590:"Family Law"
9584:
9572:. Retrieved
9544:
9537:
9525:. Retrieved
9497:
9490:
9467:
9461:
9451:13 September
9449:. Retrieved
9429:
9419:13 September
9417:. Retrieved
9408:
9398:
9386:. Retrieved
9382:the original
9375:
9368:
9361:
9343:
9333:13 September
9331:. Retrieved
9327:the original
9322:
9312:
9302:13 September
9300:. Retrieved
9291:
9281:
9259:(1): 79–89.
9256:
9252:
9246:
9241:, 5719-1959.
9238:
9234:
9215:
9201:. Retrieved
9192:
9176:. Retrieved
9167:
9151:. Retrieved
9142:
9131:
9119:. Retrieved
9110:
9101:
9089:. Retrieved
9069:
9062:
9050:. Retrieved
9041:
9031:
8998:
8994:
8988:
8947:
8941:
8933:
8925:
8919:Exodus 21:10
8900:Kiddushin 7a
8891:
8871:
8864:
8844:
8837:
8817:
8787:
8783:Vermès, Géza
8777:
8768:
8761:. Retrieved
8741:
8723:
8716:. Retrieved
8696:
8689:
8665:
8658:
8642:Gene McAfee
8638:
8626:. Retrieved
8617:
8608:
8589:
8582:Harold Fisch
8577:
8573:
8541:
8534:
8524:13 September
8522:. Retrieved
8508:
8488:
8481:
8469:. Retrieved
8451:
8431:
8424:
8412:. Retrieved
8408:the original
8393:
8373:
8366:
8356:13 September
8354:. Retrieved
8350:the original
8340:
8330:13 September
8328:. Retrieved
8314:
8306:
8298:
8290:
8282:
8270:. Retrieved
8245:(1): 59–86.
8242:
8238:
8225:
8206:
8186:
8179:
8159:
8152:
8132:
8125:
8115:
8093:. Retrieved
8084:
8075:
8050:
8042:
8022:
8000:. Retrieved
7996:the original
7991:
7982:
7959:
7952:. Retrieved
7943:
7931:
7923:
7877:
7873:
7860:
7854:(24): 94–96.
7851:
7847:
7838:
7830:
7826:
7814:. Retrieved
7795:
7782:
7770:. Retrieved
7755:
7743:. Retrieved
7732:
7720:
7708:. Retrieved
7694:
7686:the original
7671:
7661:
7651:13 September
7649:. Retrieved
7645:the original
7635:
7621:"The Primer"
7616:
7604:. Retrieved
7600:the original
7573:
7548:. Retrieved
7539:
7530:
7520:13 September
7518:. Retrieved
7504:
7485:
7476:
7469:. Retrieved
7460:
7454:
7441:
7428:. Retrieved
7418:
7412:
7393:
7381:. Retrieved
7329:
7325:
7309:
7258:
7254:
7241:
7232:
7227:pp. 8–9
7222:
7210:. Retrieved
7201:
7192:
7173:
7145:
7139:
7120:
7114:
7105:
7099:
7080:
7062:
7054:
7049:
7034:
7029:
7017:. Retrieved
7003:
6994:
6988:
6979:
6974:
6965:
6960:
6951:
6946:
6937:
6930:
6924:
6915:
6908:
6902:
6877:
6873:
6867:
6858:
6853:
6841:. Retrieved
6837:the original
6826:
6814:. Retrieved
6805:
6796:
6785:Gregor Brück
6779:
6772:
6766:
6759:
6737:
6723:
6707:
6690:Nestle-Aland
6688:The Digital
6684:
6673:
6662:
6656:Genesis 2:24
6651:
6639:. Retrieved
6624:
6613:
6602:
6591:
6581:Genesis 2:24
6576:
6564:. Retrieved
6556:Deseret News
6545:
6533:. Retrieved
6525:Daily Nation
6514:
6506:
6490:
6471:
6465:
6446:
6440:
6421:
6415:
6367:
6353:
6341:. Retrieved
6337:the original
6332:
6322:
6303:
6284:
6274:13 September
6272:. Retrieved
6220:
6216:
6206:
6194:. Retrieved
6186:The Guardian
6185:
6175:
6130:
6126:
6116:
6104:. Retrieved
6089:
6082:
6070:. Retrieved
6050:
6040:
6028:. Retrieved
5990:(1): 20–36.
5987:
5983:
5969:
5942:
5938:
5928:
5887:
5883:
5877:
5844:
5840:
5834:
5791:
5787:
5777:
5765:. Retrieved
5759:. New York.
5756:
5746:
5734:. Retrieved
5717:
5707:
5699:
5694:
5675:
5669:
5654:
5649:
5640:
5634:
5619:
5607:
5602:
5577:
5573:
5567:
5543:
5536:
5514:(1): 23–34.
5511:
5507:
5501:
5489:. Retrieved
5448:
5444:
5434:
5425:
5419:
5407:. Retrieved
5382:
5378:
5368:
5352:. Westview.
5348:
5341:
5329:. Retrieved
5325:the original
5315:
5300:
5292:
5280:. Retrieved
5243:
5239:
5229:
5220:
5214:
5205:
5199:
5180:
5157:27 September
5155:. Retrieved
5148:the original
5134:
5122:. Retrieved
5105:
5101:
5061:
5051:
5039:. Retrieved
4978:
4974:
4964:
4952:. Retrieved
4943:
4933:
4921:. Retrieved
4901:
4895:
4883:. Retrieved
4879:the original
4874:
4864:
4852:. Retrieved
4848:the original
4843:
4833:
4821:. Retrieved
4817:the original
4812:
4802:
4790:. Retrieved
4781:
4772:
4760:. Retrieved
4756:the original
4746:
4737:
4714:. Retrieved
4676:(1): 85–97.
4673:
4669:
4640:. Retrieved
4632:the Guardian
4631:
4621:
4568:
4564:
4554:
4529:
4501:
4467:
4463:
4395:
4391:
4359:
4355:
4301:
4297:
4287:
4268:
4262:
4236:
4230:
4189:
4185:
4179:
4156:
4144:
4140:
4136:
4131:
4122:
4074:. Retrieved
4055:
4030:. Retrieved
4019:
4009:
3997:. Retrieved
3987:
3980:
3919:
3916:Human Nature
3915:
3890:
3878:
3873:
3863:
3853:
3839:(in Greek).
3836:
3827:
3813:
3793:
3781:. Retrieved
3764:
3754:
3730:
3562:
3550:Nazi Germany
3547:
3539:
3525:
3521:
3501:
3499:
3494:
3485:conservative
3479:
3463:
3461:
3457:
3447:
3443:
3427:
3407:
3393:
3358:Polygamy in
3344:
3334:
3332:
3321:
3312:cohabitation
3307:
3289:
3264:
3252:
3244:
3233:
3160:Legal status
3148:
3140:
3129:
3109:
3082:Ovadia Yosef
3079:
3055:Persian Jews
3036:
3032:
3020:
3001:
2988:Jewish sects
2981:
2969:Hebrew Bible
2961:
2934:
2918:Turkmenistan
2906:Sierra Leone
2871:
2858:
2848:
2832:
2815:
2799:
2796:which says:
2790:
2782:Surah Ar-Rum
2774:
2766:
2751:
2729:
2726:
2722:dharma-patni
2721:
2715:
2708:
2701:
2699:
2694:
2690:
2685:
2683:
2657:
2649:
2643:
2641:
2633:
2626:
2620:
2617:Vedic period
2611:
2608:
2582:
2542:
2528:cohabitation
2521:
2519:
2512:
2490:
2451:
2443:
2399:Joseph Smith
2396:
2384:
2356:
2353:
2239:
2233:
2227:
2221:
2215:
2211:Cannon v. US
2209:
2203:
2060:Joseph Smith
2041:
2003:
1991:
1982:Holy Baptism
1974:
1964:
1959:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1924:subordinates
1923:
1919:
1915:
1912:
1904:
1896:
1890:
1873:
1854:
1849:
1833:granted the
1826:
1822:
1812:
1810:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1790:
1782:
1767:
1752:
1733:
1724:Christianity
1694:
1663:
1643:
1629:
1625:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1592:
1589:
1566:
1550:
1535:
1528:
1522:
1488:
1487:
1480:
1461:
1460:
1447:
1440:
1413:
1401:
1395:
1392:Qing dynasty
1388:
1368:
1347:
1343:
1341:
1332:
1315:
1310:
1282:
1263:
1256:
1251:) immutable
1236:
1212:
1194:
1130:
1121:
1110:
1095:
1090:
1077:
1064:
1054:
1048:
1042:
1036:
1031:
1006:Burkina Faso
994:social class
988:
984:
979:
961:
955:
946:
939:sociobiology
896:
895:
834:
825:
675:
634: /
601:Case studies
582:
447:Unilineality
406:Matrilateral
399: /
374: /
370: /
362:Cohabitation
296:
267:Incest taboo
198:
183:
167:
155:
127:
115:
91:
84:
78:
77:Please help
74:
12623:Concubinage
12594:Interracial
12584:Interethnic
12579:Inter-caste
12517:Consanguine
12445:Watta satta
12394:Convenience
12248:Handfasting
12037:Scientology
12011:Nikah 'urfi
11853:Nikah 'urfi
11334:and regions
11211:New Zealand
11124:South Sudan
10961:Afghanistan
10678:24 November
10652:24 November
10626:24 November
10600:24 November
10560:8 September
10529:17 February
10498:17 February
10414:: 451–460.
10360:15 November
10265:14 February
10203:14 February
10141:14 December
9981:4 September
9951:15 February
9780:15 February
9203:6 September
9178:6 September
9153:6 September
9121:6 September
9052:6 September
8915:Yevamot 65a
8628:6 September
8618:sefaria.org
7710:8 September
7463:: 119–128.
7332:(1): 1–72.
7261:(2): 1–38.
6992:Augustine,
6907:Augustine,
6641:29 November
5549:271–72, 276
5263:10500/29386
5240:Missionalia
5124:12 December
5041:6 September
4032:14 February
3999:17 February
3833:"πολυγαμία"
3685:More danico
3324:polygamous.
3024:Joseph Karo
2922:Kyrgyzstan
2705:Dharmasutra
2691:Dharmasutra
2628:Mahabharata
2533:Edmunds Act
2509:John Taylor
2426:issued the
2361:John Taylor
2186:Edmunds Act
2144:FLDS Church
1846:fornication
1774:Corinthians
1713:Brehon Laws
1475:, parts of
1403:concubinage
1364:bride price
1348:non-sororal
1274:slave trade
1270:West Africa
1235:, the term
1209:Islamic law
998:West Africa
781:Gayle Rubin
519:Terminology
434:Linealities
312:Bride price
302:Concubinage
12753:Categories
12615:monogamous
12604:Morganatic
12599:Interfaith
12522:Avunculate
12494:Common-law
12412:Green card
12379:Tongyangxi
12295:Posthumous
12236:Ceremonial
12227:Tongyangxi
12084:Prajapatya
11887:Remarriage
11767:Compersion
11481:Uzbekistan
11451:Tajikistan
11406:Kyrgyzstan
11401:Kazakhstan
11288:Mozambique
11077:Mauritania
11029:The Gambia
10976:Bangladesh
10954:Nationwide
10939:by country
10297:27 January
10223:Justia Law
10171:27 January
10052:27 January
9646:27 January
9604:27 January
9574:27 January
9527:27 January
8966:1055160815
8471:3 February
8414:23 January
8320:"IslamWeb"
8095:20 January
7954:1 February
7946:. London.
7880:(4): 112.
7816:13 January
7772:13 January
7745:13 January
7606:30 October
7570:"Polygamy"
7471:24 October
7430:11 October
6749:. p.
6745:. London:
5491:7 December
4885:9 February
4854:9 February
4840:"Sharīʿah"
4823:29 January
4792:24 January
4762:4 December
4670:J Mol Evol
4161:OED Online
3783:1 February
3761:"polygamy"
3746:References
3613:Law portal
3400:infraction
3380:See also:
3364:infraction
3291:Polygamous
3164:See also:
3104:See also:
2952:See also:
2930:Tajikistan
2926:Uzbekistan
2914:Kazakhstan
2894:Azerbaijan
2710:Manusmriti
2687:Baudhayana
2571:, and the
2348:See also:
2182:Poland Act
2048:1878–1885)
1916:in command
1891:The Roman
1861:Mswati III
1763:scriptures
1677:concubines
1511:among the
1352:kin groups
1285:Jack Goody
1253:divine law
1239:refers to
1084:and other
1076:often use
1066:Biologists
901:Late Greek
726:Don Kulick
711:Jack Goody
701:Diane Bell
627:Philippine
503:Patrilocal
487:Matrilocal
482:Matrifocal
426:Avunculate
416:Collateral
80:improve it
12660:Polyandry
12574:Hypergamy
12422:Predatory
12364:Hypergamy
12347:Financial
12263:Las Vegas
12243:Betrothal
12198:Abduction
12120:Ayyavazhi
12112:Paishacha
12091:Gandharva
11962:Josephite
11952:Christian
11940:Religious
11902:Hollywood
11897:Temporary
11848:Customary
11741:Lost boys
11628:Polyandry
11623:Polyamory
11519:Polyandry
11446:Sri Lanka
11416:Mauritius
11318:Swaziland
11203:Australia
11194:performed
11174:Palestine
11159:Statewide
11110:Singapore
11049:Indonesia
11042:Polyandry
10945:Performed
10448:USA Today
10422:5 January
10323:Reprinted
10233:27 August
10131:0746-3502
10082:27 August
9517:816830360
9476:cite book
9023:150208678
9015:0021-2237
8974:cite book
8565:505927356
8272:26 August
8259:0001-6446
7920:254387866
7912:365871238
7896:0012-2157
7806:0746-3502
7682:0746-3502
7370:254329894
7362:367616792
7346:0012-2157
7301:254388739
7293:929467668
7277:0012-2157
6894:170288252
6566:9 October
6535:9 October
6361:(1986) .
6149:1553-7404
5594:0964-0282
5465:0011-3204
5409:26 August
5379:Ethnology
5282:26 August
5272:0256-9507
4995:0962-8436
4944:VoxEU.org
4716:28 August
4587:2041-2223
4546:1556-5068
4484:1933-5377
4420:0169-5347
4320:1923-1245
4214:0169-5347
4076:5 January
3952:879353439
3944:1045-6767
3936:1936-4776
3800:πολυγαμία
3665:Polyamory
3655:Polyandry
3518:Indonesia
3465:USA Today
3415:Mormonism
3120:Zoroaster
2703:Apastamba
2666:Kshatriya
2466:Manifesto
2442:decision
2411:president
2164:YFZ Ranch
2156:Lost boys
1992:The 1988
1907:Augustine
1835:Landgrave
1709:polyandry
1673:Sri Lanka
1649:sacrament
1576:Polyamory
1437:Polyandry
1431:Incidence
1419:Polyandry
1173:Incidence
1142:Polyandry
1059:paternity
935:polyandry
929:. When a
921:. When a
917:multiple
910:polygamía
905:πολυγαμία
668:Sexuality
583:(debated)
401:Bilateral
307:Polyandry
170:July 2020
162:talk page
122:talk page
86:talk page
36:Polyamory
12764:Polygamy
12737:Category
12665:Polygyny
12655:Polygamy
12546:Homogamy
12509:Endogamy
12486:De facto
12472:Sororate
12462:Sologamy
12440:Exchange
12402:Lavender
12327:Levirate
12175:Arranged
12105:Rakshasa
12018:Levirate
11957:Catholic
11924:Putative
11919:Voidable
11912:Wedlease
11892:Same-sex
11882:Marriage
11870:Monogamy
11843:Covenant
11762:Polycule
11648:Polygyny
11638:Polygamy
11514:Polygyny
11509:Polygamy
11491:Malaysia
11456:Thailand
11426:Mongolia
11376:Ethiopia
11361:DR Congo
11323:Zimbabwe
11284:Malaysia
11240:Botswana
11128:Tanzania
11095:Pakistan
11072:Maldives
11037:Polygyny
11014:Djibouti
10989:Cameroon
10857:(2000).
10835:(1992).
10805:(2004).
10696:(1973).
10672:Archived
10646:Archived
10594:Archived
10570:cite web
10554:Archived
10523:Archived
10492:Archived
10463:Archived
10440:Archived
10416:Archived
10389:25740483
10354:Archived
10326:Archived
10291:Archived
10286:ABC News
10259:Archived
10227:Archived
10197:Archived
10165:Archived
10135:Archived
10100:Archived
10076:Archived
10046:Archived
9975:Archived
9945:Archived
9924:6 August
9879:6 August
9857:6 August
9829:Archived
9800:Archived
9727:Archived
9695:Archived
9666:Archived
9598:Archived
9568:Archived
9564:33664728
9521:Archived
9442:Archived
9413:Archived
9358:archived
9351:Archived
9296:Archived
9223:Archived
9197:Archived
9172:Archived
9147:Archived
9115:Archived
9091:23 March
9085:Archived
9046:Archived
8936:, p. 119
8785:(1975).
8763:23 March
8757:Archived
8718:23 March
8712:Archived
8647:Archived
8622:Archived
8597:Archived
8518:Archived
8465:Archived
8324:Archived
8305:(1905),
8289:(1855),
8263:Archived
8214:Archived
8089:Archived
7948:Archived
7904:45228113
7874:Dialogue
7868:(1987).
7810:Archived
7766:Archived
7739:Archived
7704:Archived
7624:Archived
7596:30473917
7544:Archived
7514:Archived
7493:Archived
7465:Archived
7424:Archived
7401:Archived
7374:Archived
7354:45228320
7326:Dialogue
7317:(1994).
7285:45226184
7255:Dialogue
7249:(1996).
7212:18 April
7206:Archived
7088:Archived
7059:time.com
7019:14 April
7013:Archived
6911:, ch. 20
6843:28 April
6810:Archived
6789:De Wette
6729:Michelet
6716:De Wette
6697:Archived
6635:Archived
6560:Archived
6529:Archived
6499:Archived
6407:2726337M
6399:14069840
6391:86-20128
6268:Archived
6247:20453016
6190:Archived
6167:31539367
6106:12 March
6072:12 March
6066:Archived
6048:(1999).
6024:Archived
6020:16530399
6012:25910380
6004:44281912
5961:15317874
5920:22902112
5869:46804812
5861:12207054
5818:11932733
5761:Archived
5730:Archived
5485:Archived
5481:17048791
5403:Archived
5331:27 April
5276:Archived
5118:Archived
5035:Archived
5013:22271782
4948:Archived
4923:23 March
4917:Archived
4786:Archived
4710:Archived
4698:12962309
4636:Archived
4613:16464327
4605:25254093
4438:19403194
4222:25267298
4168:Archived
4165:Monogamy
4098:Archived
4070:Archived
4026:Archived
3993:Archived
3972:Archived
3960:22688804
3883:Archived
3845:Archived
3777:Archived
3650:Polygyny
3571:See also
3335:De facto
3322:de facto
3308:de facto
3303:marriage
3273:(FLDS).
3152:—
3134:—
3116:monogamy
3106:Xwedodah
3094:halachic
3086:pilegesh
3014:such as
2954:Pilegesh
2938:Malaysia
2850:Muhammad
2837:—
2804:—
2779:—
2776:reflect.
2718:Brahmana
2707:and the
2693:and the
2660:Brāhmaṇa
2625:and the
2622:Ramayana
2605:Hinduism
2424:Congress
2420:platform
2418:'s 1856
2369:Illinois
2200:Case law
1955:anathema
1940:God-soul
1928:subiecta
1880:St Peter
1842:adultery
1759:monogamy
1740:monogamy
1705:monogamy
1645:Buddhism
1640:Buddhism
1572:marriage
1551:ex‑child
1469:Tibetans
1375:sororate
1356:workload
1237:sharīʿah
1227:and the
1161:Polygyny
1155:Polygyny
1136:Polygyny
1104:celibate
1078:polygamy
980:de facto
976:adultery
963:de facto
958:monogamy
947:polygamy
927:polygyny
915:marrying
897:Polygamy
645:Feminist
636:in India
576:Sudanese
571:Hawaiian
551:Iroquois
542:By group
493:Neolocal
477:Extended
397:Cognatic
342:Sororate
337:Levirate
297:Polygamy
292:Polygyny
287:Monogamy
272:Endogamy
262:Marriage
252:Affinity
206:a series
204:Part of
32:Polygyny
12718:Walking
12677:Sexless
12561:Exogamy
12499:Plaçage
12305:Germany
12258:Wedding
12222:Shotgun
12057:Vivaaha
12032:Natural
11991:Islamic
11858:Plaçage
11726:Sealing
11596:By type
11486:Vietnam
11461:Tunisia
11371:Eritrea
11351:Burundi
11303:Nigeria
11293:Namibia
11270:Liberia
11265:Lesotho
11261:Lebanon
11169:Nigeria
11114:Somalia
11107:Senegal
11087:Myanmar
11082:Morocco
11004:Comoros
10971:Bahrain
10966:Algeria
10947:legally
10736:506–517
10161:Reuters
9897:or the
9835:20 July
9388:11 June
9362:Haaretz
9323:Haaretz
8293:, p.59.
7764:. CNN.
7540:Findlaw
7383:22 June
6997:, ch. 7
6940:, I,9.8
6933:, ch.17
6343:20 June
6238:2944028
6196:28 June
6158:6774570
6030:28 June
5912:7266658
5892:Bibcode
5826:4388134
5796:Bibcode
5767:28 June
5736:28 June
5726:2743506
5528:2844434
5399:3773200
5004:3260845
4782:HISTORY
4778:"Islam"
4706:2673314
4678:Bibcode
4642:30 June
4596:4174254
4446:5935377
4429:3096780
4400:Bibcode
4194:Bibcode
3968:2008559
3818:at the
3695:Polyday
3217:Muslims
3075:Morocco
3063:Bedouin
3047:Mizrahi
2948:Judaism
2942:Morocco
2886:Albania
2882:Tunisia
2854:Khadija
2818:divorce
2672:Vaishya
2612:Rigveda
2414:of the
1996:of the
1653:secular
1539:alimony
1501:midwife
1466:nomadic
1306:savanna
1247:: الله
1221:Islamic
1187:Prince
1100:virgins
1022:Nigeria
943:zoology
919:spouses
654:Chambri
622:Chinese
617:Burmese
498:Nuclear
385:Descent
368:Fictive
277:Exogamy
247:Lineage
215:kinship
12759:Crimes
12650:Bigamy
12645:Plural
12527:Cousin
12354:Boston
12333:Yibbum
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