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179:, which has a facade of white stone and pink marble in a diaper pattern (which is in fact a veneer). Other theorists and architects at the same time were also exploring the medieval use of materials in this way, later described as ‘constructional polychromy’. While some designers had already used more than one colour of brick,
171:, where he lauded not only Medieval and Gothic architecture as 'truer' than the Classical, but also the ‘honest’ medieval use of materials as both structure and decoration, above the use of applied colours or veneered materials. He gave as examples Tuscan and Venetian Romanesque and Gothic buildings such as the
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and completed in 1872, is an early and very elaborate example, which is also noted for its early use of iron structure. Later, the use of two tone brickwork was popular in eclectic picturesque villas, as well as other building types. Examples, again usually restrained use of two colours, can also be
136:
in which bricks of different colours are used to create decorative patterns or highlight architectural features in the walls of a building. Historically it was used in the late Gothic period in Europe, and the Tudor period in
England. This style was revived in Britain in the 1850s as a feature of
187:, built between 1850–59, with an exterior of banded and diaper patterned brickwork in black and cream on a red brick background. Butterfield went on to use polychrome brick in more projects, and other architects also adopted the new technique at the same time. For example
283:. The style became immensely popular in Melbourne and is featured in many of the terrace houses from the 1870s and 1880s. Crouch & Wilson and Percy Oakden soon also employed it on church design, while Reed also applied it on houses, notably the
141:. Later, in the 19th century and into the early 20th century it was adopted in various forms in Europe for all manner of buildings such as French eclectic villas, Dutch row houses, and German railway stations, and as far away as
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across the United
Kingdom, often in combination with stone, usually with far less elaboration that Butterfield. Some architects in the 1870s-80s were more enthusiastic, such as in the work of
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templated it and as a result majority of the State
Schools in his commission during the 1870s-80s were in the gothic style with at least two colours.
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Polychrome brickwork also became popular in Europe in the later 19th century as part of the various medieval and
Romanesque revivals. In France, the
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St
Michaels Church, Collins Street, 1866, doorway details. It is considered the first example of elaborate polychrome brick in Australia
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The revival of polychrome brickwork is generally thought to have been instigated by
British critic and architectural theorist
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Menier
Chocolate Factory, Noisiel, France, 1872, a particularly elaborate example of polychrome brickwork.
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Holcombe
Terrace, Drummond Street, Carlton, Melbourne Victoria (c1884) by Norman Hitchcock
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In
Australia, the first use of polychrome brickwork is generally attributed to architect
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Rare examples of its use can be found in elsewhere, however it is most prevalent in the
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1281:"Between colour and pattern: Ruskin's ambivalent theory of constructional polychromy"
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Chinese
Mission Church, Little Collins Street, Melbourne, Crouch & Wilson, 1872
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Ripponlea Estate, Elsternwick, Melbourne Victoria (1868) by Joseph Reed
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287:. Following Crouch & Wilson's award winning primary school design
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Hopetoun Terrace, 1 -11 Elm Place, Windsor, Melbourne Victoria (1890)
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Royal Terrace. Charles Street, Abbotsford, Melbourne Victoria (c1889)
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Bishop's Building, Trinity College, University of Melbourne (1878)
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Porch of All Saints, Margaret Street, 1850-59, William Butterfield
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132-142 and 144-148 Victoria Street Auburn, Melbourne (c1891) by
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Former Mount Cook Police Station, Wellington New Zealand (1894)
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Offices, George Street, Nottingham, by Watson Fothergills, 1895
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House, 24 Cornhill Market, Banbury, UK, William Wilkinson, 1866
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St Jude's Church, Carlton Melbourne (1866) by Reed & Barnes
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Ardmore terrace houses, Fremantle, Western Australia (c. 1898)
1307:"All Saints, Margaret Street, London, by William Butterfield"
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Denton Hat Mills, Abbotsford, Melbourne, Victoria (c1890) by
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Methodist Church, Sydney Road, Melbourne, Percy Oakden, 1872
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Granary, Welsh Back, Bristol, 1869 by Archibald Ponton and
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Granary, Welsh Back, Bristol, 1869 by Archibald Ponton and
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Beswicke Buildings, Fitzroy, Melbourne Victoria (1888) by
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Yorkshire Brewery, Collingwood, Melbourne, James Wood 1876
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The use of coloured brick effects became quite popular in
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Sandbach Literary Institution, George Gilbert Scott, 1857
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St Kilda Parish Mission Church, St Kilda, Melbourne 1877
243:' style buildings sometimes employed decorative brick.
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St James the Less, Pamlico, George Edmond Street, 1861
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Church of England Mission Hall, Little Bourke Street,
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in Pimlico, considered one of his finest designs, and
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Interstices: Journal of Architecture and Related Arts
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Templeton's Carpet Factory, Glasgow Green, Scotland,
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1-8 Fishley Street, South Melbourne, Victoria (c1887)
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used black bricks on a red background in his 1858–61
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Villa Germaine, Avenue Palmerston 24, Brussels, 1897
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Victorian College for the Deaf, Melbourne (1866) by
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used black brick stripes on a red background on the
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1073:Keble College, Oxford, William Butterfield, 1870s
16:Use of bricks of different colours for decoration
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1212:Potsdam Astrophysical Observatory, Germany, 1879
476:Terrace House, North Fitzroy, Melbourne (c1880s)
239:found in Belgium, the Netherlands, and Germany '
891:Menier Chocolate Factory, Noisiel, designed by
488:St Kilda Park Primary School, Melbourne (1882)
906:Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research
743:Notable examples of its application include:
566:Uniting Church St Kilda East Melbourne (1888)
1200:Prince Reuss Stables in Greiz, Germany, 1870
1331:"CASTLEMAINE NORTH PRIMARY SCHOOL NO. 2051"
677:Spotswood Pumping Station, Melbourne (1897)
1097:Warehouse, Victoria Street, Bristol, 1870s
761:, main front Louis XII wing, Loire Valley
527:St George's Presbyterian, Melbourne (1886)
279:followed with early examples such as the
271:, completed in 1866, closely followed by
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
804:House, 24 Cornhill Market, Banbury, UK,
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183:made lavish use of the technique in his
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149:Beginnings in the British Gothic Revival
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1260:Luisenhaus, Gesundbrunnen, Berlin, 1893
1164:Building on the Strandvaegen, Stockholm
923:, Avenue de la Couronne, Brussels, 1895
917:Luisenhaus, Gesundbrunnen, Berlin, 1893
904:Potsdam Astrophysical Observatory (now
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940:St Michael's Uniting Church, Melbourne
348:St Michael's Uniting Church, Melbourne
1224:Villa mon Plesir, Vichy, France, 1894
1188:Late 19thC house in Ebeleben, Germany
914:Villa mon Plesir, Vichy, France, 1894
801:, Pimlico, George Edmond Street, 1861
755:, Murano, Veneto, Italy, 12th Century
302:to villas, from shops to factories.
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901:, Gutenbergstrasse, Krefeld, 1872–77
874:Offices, George Street, Nottingham,
47:adding citations to reliable sources
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717:St. Ignatius Loyola Church, Toowong
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1124:Water Tank, Bath Road, Reading, UK
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1248:Grand Market Hall, Budapest, 1897
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314:Lisburn House, Dunedin (1865) by
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168:The Seven Lamps of Architecture
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1376:Victorian architectural styles
1361:Brick buildings and structures
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911:Maison Le Castel, Vichy, 1893
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831:Royal Albert Memorial Museum
721:John Francis (Jack) Hennessy
132:is a style of architectural
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263:'s Independent Church (now
201:Sandbach Literary Institute
139:Gothic Revival architecture
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819:St Pancras railway station
185:All Saints Margaret Street
786:Great Britain and Ireland
637:George Henry Male Addison
296:Architecture of Melbourne
273:St Jude's Church, Carlton
908:), Emanuel Spieker, 1879
865:Templeton carpet factory
847:Naas Presbyterian Church
753:Santa Maria e San Donato
737:Naas Presbyterian Church
234:in Noisiel, designed by
232:Menier Chocolate Factory
963:St Kilda East, Victoria
921:Maurice Bisschops house
515:, Melbourne (1885-1886)
1279:Chatterjee, Anuradha.
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58:"Polychrome brickwork"
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825:Keble College, Oxford
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1019:, New Zealand (1865)
991:Abbotsford, Victoria
970:Launceston, Tasmania
793:George Gilbert Scott
197:George Gilbert Scott
189:George Edmund Street
130:Polychrome brickwork
43:improve this article
949:Ripponlea, Victoria
719:Brisbane (1929) by
379:Crouch & Wilson
277:Crouch & Wilson
181:William Butterfield
165:, in his 1849 book
1111:William Venn Gough
975:Yorkshire Brewery
954:Cambridge Terrace
876:Watson Fothergills
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781:Nineteenth Century
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982:Holcombe Terrace
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946:Rippon Lea Estate
817:Midland Hotel at
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799:St James the Less
747:Historic examples
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285:Rippon Lea Estate
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1338:. Retrieved
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1314:. Retrieved
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41:Please help
36:verification
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934:Australasia
899:Water tower
635:(c1891) by
352:Joseph Reed
265:St Michaels
261:Joseph Reed
241:Gründerzeit
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1340:2020-06-08
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1266:References
350:(1866) by
332:(1865) by
216:Nottingham
69:newspapers
1293:2537-9194
1004:Melbourne
871:(1889–92)
821:(1866–76)
774:The Vynne
739:, Ireland
203:in 1857.
143:Melbourne
134:brickwork
1024:See also
728:Examples
1036:Gallery
1017:Dunedin
972:(1880s)
869:Glasgow
220:Granary
83:scholar
1366:Bricks
1291:
1152:, 1892
1012:(1865)
1006:(1894)
999:(1891)
993:(1888)
986:(1884)
979:(1880)
965:(1877)
958:(1873)
951:(1868)
942:(1866)
895:, 1872
883:Europe
878:, 1895
861:(1878)
855:(1878)
849:(1868)
843:(1865)
841:London
827:(1870)
808:, 1866
795:, 1857
763:France
177:Venice
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1371:Color
90:JSTOR
76:books
1289:ISSN
62:news
214:in
175:in
45:by
1357::
1333:.
1309:.
1287:.
1283:.
867:,
839:,
275:.
222:.
1343:.
1319:.
1295:.
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
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