1286:
the last century, characterised by the poor quality of fortifications, where the main importance in the vast spaces was given to moving cavalry rather than infantry and artillery. It was not until the wars with Sweden, and especially the operations in
Prussia, where the country was relatively densely dotted with towns that could provide an operational base for the operations, that the shortcomings in the quantity of artillery and the amount and training of infantry were highlighted. An army that was better able to construct and capture field fortifications had better control over the conquered area. Koniecpolski's ad hoc reforms could not in a short time make up for the neglect in this area since the time of Batory. The state, which had been at war on many fronts for a long time, showed serious financial shortcomings, which were greatly exacerbated by the blockade of Polish ports by the Swedish navy. Without a reform of the army and the state's finances, defeating the thoroughly reformed Swedish army was impossible at this point. To do so, a longer respite was needed - and this could only be provided by peace, or at least a truce of several years.
474:
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1065:, but Koniecpolski decided otherwise. The Swedes then took the initiative and attacked with cavalry, and managed to deal severe damage to the Polish cavalry, but failed to inflict a crippling blow on the main body of the army (the morale of which remained high, mostly thanks to Koniecpolski). When, King Gustavus Adolphus was shot in the shoulder by a Polish sniper, the Swedes decided to end the assault and withdrew from the field, reportedly in good order.
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38:
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989:
1010:. The flooding of the Vistula disrupted their plans and allowed Koniecpolski to intercept the enemy units coming from neighboring Pomerania. In mid-April, Koniecpolski (with 2,150 hussars, 3,290 cossack cavalry, 2,515 western infantry, 1,620 Polish infantry, 1,265 dragoons and 2,000 Ukrainian Cossacks)
1377:
A major success for Sweden was to gain the right to levy a duty on Polish sea trade of 3.5% of the value of the goods transported. The finances obtained from this were mostly used for the war in
Germany. Only there did the reformed Swedish army demonstrate its worth to the whole of Europe, gaining a
1285:
The war in
Prussia demonstrated that the armies of the Commonwealth were poorly prepared for warfare requiring the continuous use or fighting of field fortification elements. To a large extent, this neglect was due to the nature of the wars conducted by the Commonwealth in the eastern borderlands in
1426:, wanted to consolidate his military fame, so he did not wish for any agreement at all. However, it was not on him that further developments depended, but on the attitude of the Sejm, and society was already decidedly tired of the constant wars fought by the Republic in the 17th century. Thus, only
1193:
and cossack mercenaries were able to gain a great advantage over the light
Swedish horsemen. Swedish losses in the fight were heavy, amounting to 600 or 700 killed, almost all of which were cavalry (including Herman Wrangel's son). The Polish took 300 prisoners, 10-15 standards, as well as 10 of
1393:
also added to the misery. As a result of the suspension of maritime exports, the Polish economy lost 30 million zlotys, according to Jan
Seredyka's calculations. In Royal Prussia, war damage covered a third of the countryside. Gdańsk's trade and textile industry also suffered serious losses.
1442:
and Ducal
Prussia and cease collecting customs duties from Polish ports. In Inflants, both sides remained in possession, but the Swedes were to allow Catholics religious freedoms in the part they occupied. In addition, Lithuania was to have full freedom of trade on the
1107:. By that time the war had become a war of maneuver, with neither side willing to face the other without advantages of terrain or fortifications. It was a miserable year for Swedish occupying garrison troops, with epidemics wiping out huge numbers of men and horses.
937:
against King
Gustavus Adolphus' force of 8,150 infantry, 1,750 cavalry and 74 cannon. The fighting continued for several days - from 22 September to 1 October 1626 - until Sigismund III withdrew his army, and called on reinforcements from around the country.
1433:
A strong asset for Polish deputies in the peace negotiations with the Swedes was the 21,000-strong crown army concentrated in
Pomerania in the summer. Finally, on 12 September 1635, King Wladysław IV Vasa was forced to conclude another truce with Sweden in
921:'s passive support). Many of these towns were inhabited by Protestants and they opened their gates freely to the Lutheran Swedish forces, who they saw as co-religionists. The Swedish king, however, failed to capture the largest prize - the city of Danzig (
1318:, which had established contacts with Turkey and purchased a very large amount of modern armaments, especially muskets, in Western Europe. In addition, Tartar incursions intensified, which, however, were successfully repelled by regimental officer
1018:(Hammerstein).Three days later the Swedes surrendered, leaving behind their banners and standards. Many of the Swedish troops, who were predominantly newly raised German mercenaries, changed sides to the Commonwealth. This victory also convinced
1378:
reputation as the best army in the world and elevating Sweden to the status of a mighty power. The
Swedish successes in Germany also explained why the then still mighty Commonwealth had such difficulty in defeating Gustavus Adolphus's army.
1417:. The Commonwealth and its army more than regained the prestige lost at Altmark with impressive victories over two great powers, Russia and Turkey. Meanwhile, Sweden, three years after the death of Gustavus Adolphus and with the terrible
1127:. The Poles suffered 1,500 dead and wounded plus 500 captured; the Swedes lost only 30 dead and 60 wounded. Hearing of the defeat, the Polish Sejm was persuaded to increase funds for the army and accepted military aid from the
1297:
was also keen to end the fighting in
Prussia, as he was in a hurry to join the battles being fought in Germany and assist the Protestant camp, which was experiencing serious difficulties following the defeat of King
1421:
fresh in its memory, was at a crisis point and ready to avoid another conflict at all costs. The new ruler of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, buoyed up by his impressive victory over the Russian army at
1366:, the previous state of possession was retained. The Commonwealth had to pay half a million zlotys for Austrian assistance. Soon after the truce was concluded, some Crown troops, with the knowledge of King
1361:
as a sequestration on the basis of a truce treaty (the Elector undertook to surrender these cities and the surrounding area to the Swedes if no lasting peace was reached after the expiry of the truce). In
1314:. Brandenburg diplomacy acted similarly. In addition to the financial difficulties of the state, the envoys of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth were also prompted to the truce by the worrying actions of
647:
961:, and 1,000 infantry. In early November the king handed him command of the army. With further reinforcements Koniecpolski soon had 10,000 men to match the 20,000 Swedish troops in Prussia. Engaging in
1103:. Hetman Koniecpolski counterattacked by using his small forces most efficiently — fast cavalry melee attacks combined with the supporting fire of infantry and artillery, and using fortifications and
1041:(Wormditt). Hetman Koniecpolski responded with the sudden attack and capture of Gniew. Gustavus Adolphus was reported to have been impressed by the speed of Koniecpolski's reaction. Later at the
1562:
1161:(Grudziądz) hoping to cut-off Arnim's newly arrived imperial corps before it could join Koniecpolski. He was unsuccessful, and while withdrawing north towards Swedish garrisons in Stuhm (
925:), which maintained its own small army and fleet for defence. In preparation for his major attack on Danzig, King Gustavus Adolphus increased his forces to over 22,000. The Polish king,
807:
1646:"Diplomats as Poets, Poets as Diplomats. Poetic Gifts and Literary Reflections on the Dutch Mediations between Poland-Lithuania and Sweden in the First Half of the Seventeenth Century"
972:(Commonwealth Parliament) agreed to raise funds for the war, but the situation of the Polish forces was difficult. Lithuanian forces were dealt a serious defeat in December 1626 near
965:- small mobile units striking at the enemy's lines of communication - Hetman Koniecpolski managed to halt any further Swedish advances, even forcing the Swedes onto the defensive.
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of his infantry and artillery to match the Swedish units. The Swedes, for their part, learned from the Poles how to best employ their cavalry by using more aggressive tactics.
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1198:. Commonwealth losses were under 300 killed and wounded. The Swedish king himself barely escaped with his life and later said he had never taken "such a hot bath".
697:
3677:
1838:
1233:
55:
1053:), tried to stop the Swedish army (10,000 men including 5,000 infantry) from reaching Danzig. A major battle was fought between 17 and 18 August 1627 (in the
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On 2 February, while King Gustavus Adolphus was wintering in Sweden and Hetman Koniecpolski was away in Warsaw, the Polish forces were badly defeated at the
102:
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In 1628 the Polish forces, lacking funding, were forced to stop their offensive and switch to defense. Swedish forces captured the towns of Nowy and
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917:'s defences, and despite his relatively small forces, Gustavus Adolphus quickly captured 16 Prussian towns, almost without a fight (with the neutral
814:
526:
1025:
During the night of May 22 to 23, King Gustavus Adolphus was lightly wounded while attempting a night-crossing of the River Vistula in a boat near (
81:
3134:
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1447:. King Wladyslaw IV of Poland suspended his claim to the Swedish crown for the duration of the truce (i.e. until he was to reach the age of 66).
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88:
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2011:
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1831:
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70:
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894:. Polish-Lithuanian casualties amounted to between 1000 dead, wounded and 150 captured. The Lithuanian commander later suffered a
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905:. Escorted by a fleet of over 125 ships, Swedish forces numbering over 8,000 soldiers (including 1,000 cavalry) disembarked in
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In the Shadows of Poland and Russia: The Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Sweden in the European Crisis of the mid-17th Century
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on 2 April 1627. The Swedes planned to strike at Koniecpolski from two directions — Oxenstierna from direction of the
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After long negotiations, a truce was finally concluded at Stary Targ on 6 September 1629, to be valid for six years.
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121:
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1438:, this time for a period of 26 years. Under the terms of the treaty, the Swedes were to abandon all strongholds in
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478:
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2749:
2739:
2444:
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3321:
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1061:. The Swedes hoped to provoke the Poles into a reckless attack and then to destroy them with infantry fire and
59:
3489:
1418:
1157:
The Swedish king returned to Polish Prussia with substantial reinforcements in May, and marched south towards
2995:
2886:
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2574:
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Monument in front of the Municipal Office in Stary Targ, commemorating the signing of the armistice in 1629
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Over the winter, Koniecpolski recognised the need to reform the Polish army, especially to strengthen the
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3375:
3345:
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3285:
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Despite the Commonwealth winning certain notable battles, the Swedes would end up victorious in the end.
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3309:
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1911:
614:
389:
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423:
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3627:
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Ducal Prussia when fighting to defend it. He deployed north with an army of 11,000 men and pitched
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3104:
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2676:
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1226:
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182:
48:
2377:
1980:
1517:
3479:
3357:
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1800:
1549:
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1427:
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3025:
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were subjected to a series of fierce engagements at the villages of Honigfeldt, Straszewo and
3584:
3512:
3395:
3385:
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1932:
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859:
434:
3546:
3092:
3052:
2192:
2084:
1812:
774:
8:
3186:
2613:
2222:
1146:. Nonetheless, Koniecpolski was forced to withdraw from several strategic strongholds in
2797:
1382:
1116:
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3446:
3208:
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3060:
3007:
2971:
2864:
2809:
2435:
2419:
2336:
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1975:
1949:
1938:
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1624:
1623:] (in Swedish) (2nd ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 420.
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Frost, R.I., 2000, The Northern Wars, 1558-1721, Harlow: Pearson Education Limited,
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1999:
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1353:(who let Swedish troops advancing on Pomerania through his territory), was given
1178:
1081:
934:
850:
fought in the 17th century. It began in 1626 and ended four years later with the
743:
702:
625:
1816:
1068:
Stanislaw Koniecpolski decided to take the war to the seas and gathered a small
3280:
1195:
1177:. In this encounter, while attempting to cover the withdrawal of his infantry,
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1120:
843:
367:
302:
1402:
3621:
1529:
1132:
977:
946:
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calendar), with the Swedish forces positioned near the marshes of the River
3434:
3191:
2932:
2228:
2058:
1151:
1072:
of 9 ships, mostly with aid from the City of Danzig. He defeated a Swedish
1006:
and Johann Streiff von Lauenstein and Maximilian Teuffel from Swedish-held
999:
1182:
3336:
2631:
2424:
2354:
1293:, who were very interested in freeing Baltic trade from the ongoing war.
1290:
1277:
456:
2640:
1650:
Legatio: The Journal for Renaissance and Early Modern Diplomatic Studies
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1956:
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855:
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1439:
1326:
1173:(t) or Honigfelde near Stuhm, in an action known to the Poles as the
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1077:
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1054:
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1645:
1338:
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1030:
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37:
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1334:
1158:
1100:
1073:
1034:
1033:), and had to retreat. In July he led a force to lift the siege of
1026:
1310:
were also interested in involving Sweden in the fight against the
1049:), Koniecpolski with about 7,800 men (including 2,500 cavalry and
2707:
1444:
1430:
sought war - the nobility, the magnates and Gdansk wanted peace.
1390:
1363:
1358:
1307:
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1003:
958:
954:
257:
217:
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1303:
1190:
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1038:
1015:
942:
930:
910:
883:
276:
268:
225:
221:
1381:
The war, fought at the mouth of the Vistula, wreaked havoc in
1354:
1162:
1150:: in time he managed to recapture the seaport of Putzig (now
1046:
1289:
Mediation between the warring parties was undertaken by the
1389:. A plague that swept through these areas and even reached
969:
953:
quickly came to his king's aid with a force of 4,200 light
261:
2692:
Bolesław I's intervention in the Kievan succession crisis
1413:
The six-year truce had already ended after the death of
890:
ambushed a Polish-Lithuanian force of 7,000 men under
1703:. Harvard University. Wien und Leipzig, C. W. Stern.
1742:
Rapier i koncerz: z dziejów wojen polsko-szwedzkich
1459: – Chronological list of wars involving Poland
1349:, who played an ambiguous role in the ongoing war,
62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
655:
3643:Wars involving the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1846:
1022:, to declare his support for King Sigismund III.
3619:
1131:in the form of a corps of imperial troops under
2522:Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts
1700:Militär-historisches Kriegs-Lexikon (1618-1905)
913:. The landings were a complete surprise to the
878:The first encounter of the war took place near
2903:Ottoman–Tatar Invasion of Lithuania and Poland
2609:Military of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1169:) he was drawn into battle on 27 June 1629 at
2573:
2559:
1832:
1561:Purs, Aldis; Plakans, Andrejs (May 2, 2017).
641:
527:
1739:
1733:
1591:Lutheran Ecclesiastical Culture: 1550 - 1675
1119:, where a Swedish force under Field Marshal
901:In May 1626 King Gustavus Adolphus launched
2899:Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1534–1537)
2887:Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1512–1522)
1662:
1560:
1240:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
998:Hetman Koniecpolski recaptured the town of
147:It has been suggested that this article be
3678:1626 in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
2745:Second Mongol invasion of Poland (1259/60)
2566:
2552:
2129:Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish War (1600–1629)
1839:
1825:
1643:
1486:
886:, where a Swedish army of 4,900 men under
648:
634:
534:
520:
2750:Third Mongol invasion of Poland (1287/88)
2740:First Mongol invasion of Poland (1240/41)
1260:Learn how and when to remove this message
122:Learn how and when to remove this message
3038:War of the Polish Succession (1587–1588)
1614:
1515:
1401:
1276:
987:
2599:History of Polish intelligence services
2343:War of the Polish–Lithuanian Succession
2079:War of the Polish–Lithuanian Succession
1397:
1138:. Another imperial corps, commanded by
541:
267:Temporary Swedish control over Piława (
27:Fourth stage of the Polish-Swedish wars
14:
3620:
3552:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
1696:
1644:Hulsenboom, Paul (February 23, 2024).
1020:George William, Elector of Brandenburg
2945:Northern Seven Years' War (1563–1570)
2547:
1820:
1774:
1189:the Poles with their faster 'winged'
629:
515:
3688:Wars involving the Holy Roman Empire
3135:Polish–Cossack–Tatar War (1666–1671)
2788:Teutonic takeover of Danzig (Gdańsk)
2065:Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory
1902:Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1368–1372)
1770:(in Polish). Pax. 1987. p. 167.
1587:
1518:"Kriget i Preussen var en katastrof"
1489:Kanslern: Axel Oxenstierna i sin tid
1370:, marched to Germany to support the
1300:Christian IV of Denmark at Wallachia
1238:adding citations to reliable sources
1205:
976:in Livonia and retreated behind the
945:(historical army rank equivalent to
133:
60:adding citations to reliable sources
31:
3371:Greater Poland uprising (1918–1919)
2296:Polish–Lithuanian–Cossack–Tatar War
1516:Harrison, Dick (November 1, 2016).
1272:
1070:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Navy
842:) in a series of conflicts between
71:"Polish–Swedish War" 1626–1629
24:
3663:Warfare of the early modern period
1729:wojna skończyła się niepowodzeniem
1707:
1076:on 27 or 28 November 1627 (in the
25:
3704:
2389:Lithuania partitioned (1795–1918)
1794:
1608:
3157:War of the Holy League 1683–1699
2860:Lithuanian Civil War (1432–1438)
2651:
2639:
2630:
2376:
2321:Lithuanian Civil War (1697–1702)
1971:Lithuanian Civil War (1432–1438)
1917:Lithuanian Civil War (1389–1392)
1907:Lithuanian Civil War (1381–1384)
1210:
1185:. With the aid of Arnim's heavy
1136:Hans Georg von Arnim-Boitzenburg
1123:encountered a Polish army under
479:Hans Georg von Arnim-Boitzenburg
472:
461:
450:
439:
428:
417:
406:
394:
383:
372:
361:
350:
339:
319:
308:
296:
138:
36:
3140:Polish–Ottoman War of 1672–1676
3130:Polish–Ottoman War of 1633–1634
3118:Polish–Ottoman War of 1620–1621
3071:Polish–Russian War of 1609–1618
2989:Polish–Swedish War of 1626–1629
2984:Polish–Swedish War of 1621–1625
2979:Polish–Swedish War of 1617–1618
2967:Polish–Swedish War of 1600–1611
2962:Polish–Swedish War of 1600–1629
2855:Władysław the White's rebellion
2842:Polish–Teutonic War (1519–1521)
2827:Polish–Teutonic War (1431–1435)
2793:Polish–Teutonic War (1326–1332)
2445:Lithuanian Wars of Independence
2167:Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite War
2007:Thirteen Years' War (1454–1466)
1805:On GUSTAF II ADOLF and Poland:
1758:
1564:Historical Dictionary of Latvia
1345:remained in Swedish hands. The
929:, received no support from his
828:Polish–Swedish War of 1626–1629
47:needs additional citations for
3322:Greater Poland uprising (1848)
3113:Moldavian campaign (1497–1499)
2882:Moldavian campaign (1497–1499)
2527:War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
2113:Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish wars
1988:Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War
1944:Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War
1690:
1656:
1637:
1581:
1554:
1543:
1509:
1480:
915:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
903:his invasion of Polish Prussia
659:Polish–Swedish War (1626–1629)
154:Polish–Swedish War (1621–1625)
13:
1:
3683:1626 in the Holy Roman Empire
3229:Russo–Polish War of 1654–1667
3197:Siege of Smolensk (1632–1633)
2870:1444 war against the Ottomans
2697:German–Polish War (1028–1031)
2687:German–Polish War (1003–1018)
2604:List of wars involving Poland
2315:Polish–Lithuanian–Ottoman War
2302:Polish–Lithuanian–Ottoman War
2242:Polish–Lithuanian–Ottoman War
2235:Siege of Smolensk (1632–1633)
2201:Polish–Lithuanian–Ottoman War
2159:Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish War
2153:Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish War
2147:Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish War
2133:Polish-Lithuanian–Swedish War
1874:Mongol invasions of Lithuania
1848:Lithuanian wars and conflicts
1801:Swedish-Polish War, 1620-1629
1740:Podhorodecki, Leszek (1985).
1713:Podhorodecki, Leszek (1985).
1550:Swedish-Polish War, 1620-1629
1473:
1463:List of wars involving Sweden
1457:List of wars involving Poland
808:Livonian campaign (1626–1629)
672:Prussian campaign (1626–1629)
3239:War of the Bar Confederation
3234:War of the Polish Succession
2349:War of the Bar Confederation
2053:5th Muscovite–Lithuanian War
2047:4th Muscovite–Lithuanian War
2035:3rd Muscovite–Lithuanian War
2029:2nd Muscovite–Lithuanian War
2012:1st Muscovite–Lithuanian War
1744:. Warsaw: Książka i Wiedza.
1663:Kotljarchuk, Andrej (2006).
1567:. Rowman & Littlefield.
1495:]. Stockholm: Atlantis.
830:was the fourth stage (after
18:Polish–Swedish War (1626–29)
7:
3633:Military history of Prussia
3597:Russian invasion of Ukraine
3490:Częstochowa Ghetto uprising
3286:War of the Fourth Coalition
2938:campaign of Stephen Báthory
2277:Russo-Polish–Lithuanian War
1487:Wetterberg, Gunnar (2002).
1450:
610:War of the Fourth Coalition
164:Proposed since August 2024.
10:
3709:
3658:Lithuania–Sweden relations
3575:Operation Uphold Democracy
3310:War of the Sixth Coalition
3298:War of the Fifth Coalition
3244:Polish–Russian War of 1792
2619:Warfare in Medieval Poland
2594:History of the Polish Army
2483:June Uprising in Lithuania
1912:Battle of the Vikhra River
1201:
1194:Gustavus Adolphus' famous
1012:surrounded a Swedish force
615:War of the Sixth Coalition
3560:
3537:
3498:
3485:Białystok Ghetto uprising
3470:
3430:
3421:
3356:
3315:French invasion of Russia
3261:
3174:
3103:
3016:
2996:Northern War of 1655–1660
2923:
2914:
2850:
2778:
2769:
2732:
2672:
2663:
2625:
2581:
2575:Polish wars and conflicts
2511:
2492:
2473:
2434:
2402:French invasion of Russia
2388:
2371:
2329:
2100:
2073:Northern Seven Years' War
2021:
1925:
1888:
1864:
1854:
868:
667:
553:
497:
484:
332:
289:
196:
180:
175:
3403:Second Silesian Uprising
2720:1156 war against Germany
2717:1146 war against Germany
1856:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
1140:Albrecht von Wallenstein
783:Armed operations in 1629
752:Armed operations in 1628
721:Armed operations in 1627
680:Armed operations in 1626
3653:Poland–Sweden relations
3602:Military aid to Ukraine
3413:Third Silesian Uprising
3381:First Silesian Uprising
3376:Polish–Czechoslovak War
3145:Battle of Chocim (1673)
3123:Battle of Chocim (1621)
2308:Battle of Khotyn (1673)
2207:Battle of Khotyn (1621)
1697:Bodart, Gaston (1908).
1110:
1094:
983:
873:
3673:17th century in Latvia
3480:Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
3423:World War II in Poland
3083:Zebrzydowski rebellion
3066:Moldavian Magnate Wars
3033:Siege of Danzig (1577)
2181:Zebrzydowski rebellion
2108:Moldavian Magnate Wars
1621:Swedish wars 1521-1814
1617:Svenska krig 1521-1814
1615:Sundberg, Ulf (1998).
1410:
1282:
995:
951:Stanisław Koniecpolski
424:Stanisław Koniecpolski
333:Commanders and leaders
3648:Wars involving Sweden
3585:2003 invasion of Iraq
3513:Operation Ostra Brama
3408:Polish–Lithuanian War
3222:Battle of Berestechko
2950:War against Sigismund
2724:Galicia–Volhynia Wars
2456:Polish–Lithuanian War
2450:Lithuanian–Soviet War
2269:Battle of Berestechko
2118:War against Sigismund
1896:Galicia–Volhynia Wars
1588:Kolb, Robert (2008).
1405:
1280:
1142:, operated in nearby
991:
968:In the meantime, the
892:Jan Stanisław Sapieha
498:Casualties and losses
446:Jan Stanisław Sapieha
401:Jindřich Matyáš Thurn
3366:Polish–Ukrainian War
3217:Khmelnytsky Uprising
2780:Polish–Teutonic wars
2589:Early modern warfare
2503:Lithuanian partisans
2263:Khmelnytsky Uprising
1933:Samogitian uprisings
1674:Stockholm University
1419:defeat at Nördlingen
1398:Treaty of Stuhmsdorf
1234:improve this section
1029:), south of Danzig (
888:Gustavus II Adolphus
860:Treaty of Stuhmsdorf
435:Aleksander Gosiewski
56:improve this article
3463:during World War II
3249:Kościuszko Uprising
3213:1644 Tatar Invasion
3187:Fedorovych uprising
3178:1624 Tatar Invasion
3105:Polish–Ottoman wars
3057:1593 Tatar Invasion
3049:1589 Tatar Invasion
3026:Battle of Lubieszów
2955:Battle of Stångebro
2925:Polish–Swedish wars
2832:Thirteen Years' War
2702:Miecław's Rebellion
2677:Polish–Veletian War
2614:Polish Armed Forces
2582:General and related
2360:Kościuszko Uprising
2259:1644 Tatar Invasion
2223:Fedorovych uprising
2213:1624 Tatar Invasion
2123:Battle of Stångebro
1981:Battle of Pabaiskas
1347:Brandenburg Elector
1037:, and lay siege to
1014:inside the town of
545:Polish–Swedish wars
3693:Polish-Swedish war
3590:Occupation of Iraq
3570:War in Afghanistan
3447:Invasion of Poland
3342:fighting in Poland
3263:Poland partitioned
3209:Ostryanyn uprising
3061:Nalyvaiko Uprising
3008:Great Northern War
2972:Battle of Kircholm
2865:Battle of Grotniki
2837:War of the Priests
2810:Battle of Grunwald
2513:Restored Lithuania
2436:Interwar Lithuania
2420:Revolution of 1905
2337:Great Northern War
2254:Ostryanyn uprising
2173:Battle of Klushino
2139:Battle of Kircholm
2091:Nalyvaiko Uprising
1950:Battle of Grunwald
1939:Lithuanian Crusade
1879:Lithuanian Crusade
1468:Polish–Swedish War
1411:
1283:
1175:Battle of Trzciana
1165:) and Marienburg (
1080:calendar), at the
1043:Battle of Dirschau
996:
993:Sigismund III Vasa
413:Sigismund III Vasa
379:Jacob De la Gardie
264:, ceded to Sweden.
183:Polish–Swedish War
176:Polish–Swedish War
3612:
3611:
3547:Racibórz Conflict
3539:People's Republic
3533:
3532:
3508:Operation Tempest
3386:Polish–Soviet War
3327:November Uprising
3303:Austro-Polish War
3291:Prussian campaign
3257:
3256:
3152:Great Turkish War
3093:Battle of Humenné
3088:Thirty Years' War
3076:Battle of Kłuszyn
3053:Kosiński uprising
3043:Battle of Byczyna
2910:
2909:
2822:Gollub War (1422)
2817:Hunger War (1414)
2765:
2764:
2755:Battle of Legnica
2706:1072 war against
2682:Battle of Cedynia
2541:
2540:
2494:Soviet occupation
2408:November Uprising
2369:
2368:
2193:Battle of Humenné
2187:Thirty Years' War
2085:Kosiński uprising
2041:Glinski rebellion
1601:978-90-04-16641-7
1574:978-1-5381-0221-3
1522:Svenska Dagbladet
1502:978-91-7486-602-5
1320:Stefan Chmielecki
1295:Gustavus Adolphus
1270:
1269:
1262:
1129:Holy Roman Empire
1125:Stanisław Potocki
1105:terrain advantage
963:a war of maneuver
896:nervous breakdown
823:
822:
623:
622:
510:
509:
468:Stanisław Potocki
346:Gustavus Adolphus
327:Holy Roman Empire
285:
284:
244:
171:
170:
166:
132:
131:
124:
106:
16:(Redirected from
3700:
3503:Italian Campaign
3472:Ghetto uprisings
3459:, and
3428:
3427:
3391:Battle of Warsaw
3332:January Uprising
3271:Denisko uprising
3204:Pavlyuk uprising
3182:Zhmaylo uprising
3162:Battle of Vienna
3021:Danzig rebellion
2921:
2920:
2798:Battle of Płowce
2776:
2775:
2771:Jagiellon Poland
2733:Mongol invasions
2670:
2669:
2655:
2643:
2634:
2568:
2561:
2554:
2545:
2544:
2414:January Uprising
2380:
2248:Pavlyuk uprising
2217:Zhmaylo uprising
1994:Crusade of Varna
1976:Battle of Ašmena
1862:
1861:
1841:
1834:
1827:
1818:
1817:
1788:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1737:
1731:
1715:Rapier i Koncerz
1711:
1705:
1704:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1671:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1641:
1635:
1634:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1558:
1552:
1547:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1484:
1383:Gdansk Pomerania
1273:Truce of Altmark
1265:
1258:
1254:
1251:
1245:
1214:
1206:
1117:Battle of Górzno
919:Duchy of Prussia
852:Truce of Altmark
662:
660:
650:
643:
636:
627:
626:
548:
546:
536:
529:
522:
513:
512:
477:
476:
466:
465:
455:
454:
444:
443:
433:
432:
422:
421:
411:
410:
399:
398:
388:
387:
377:
376:
366:
365:
357:Axel Oxenstierna
355:
354:
344:
343:
325:
323:
322:
315:Poland-Lithuania
313:
312:
301:
300:
241:Truce of Altmark
238:
236:Swedish victory
198:
197:
191:Thirty Years War
173:
172:
162:
142:
141:
134:
127:
120:
116:
113:
107:
105:
64:
40:
32:
21:
3708:
3707:
3703:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3698:
3697:
3638:Swedish Livonia
3628:1620s conflicts
3618:
3617:
3615:
3613:
3608:
3556:
3529:
3523:Warsaw Uprising
3494:
3466:
3417:
3358:Second Republic
3352:
3276:Napoleonic Wars
3253:
3170:
3099:
3012:
2906:
2892:Battle of Orsha
2875:Battle of Varna
2846:
2761:
2728:
2713:Siege of Głogów
2659:
2658:
2647:
2623:
2577:
2572:
2542:
2537:
2507:
2488:
2469:
2464:Klaipėda Revolt
2430:
2396:Napoleonic Wars
2384:
2383:
2365:
2325:
2096:
2017:
2000:Battle of Varna
1921:
1884:
1850:
1845:
1797:
1792:
1791:
1779:
1775:
1764:
1763:
1759:
1752:
1738:
1734:
1725:
1717:. p. 150.
1712:
1708:
1695:
1691:
1684:
1669:
1661:
1657:
1642:
1638:
1631:
1613:
1609:
1602:
1586:
1582:
1575:
1559:
1555:
1548:
1544:
1534:
1532:
1514:
1510:
1503:
1485:
1481:
1476:
1453:
1400:
1275:
1266:
1255:
1249:
1246:
1231:
1215:
1204:
1179:Swedish cavalry
1113:
1097:
1082:battle of Oliwa
986:
935:battle at Gniew
911:Piława (Pillau)
876:
871:
824:
819:
663:
658:
656:
654:
624:
619:
549:
544:
542:
540:
471:
470:
460:
459:
449:
448:
438:
437:
427:
426:
416:
415:
405:
393:
392:
382:
381:
371:
370:
360:
359:
349:
348:
338:
320:
318:
317:
307:
295:
256:Large parts of
250:
237:
228:
167:
143:
139:
128:
117:
111:
108:
65:
63:
53:
41:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3706:
3696:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3668:1626 in Sweden
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3606:
3605:
3604:
3594:
3593:
3592:
3587:
3577:
3572:
3566:
3564:
3562:Third Republic
3558:
3557:
3555:
3554:
3549:
3543:
3541:
3535:
3534:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3527:
3526:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3505:
3499:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3476:
3474:
3468:
3467:
3465:
3464:
3449:
3444:
3443:
3442:
3431:
3425:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3399:
3398:
3396:Kiev offensive
3393:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3362:
3360:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3350:
3349:
3348:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3318:
3317:
3307:
3306:
3305:
3295:
3294:
3293:
3283:
3281:Peninsular War
3278:
3273:
3267:
3265:
3259:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3225:
3224:
3214:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3200:
3199:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3168:
3167:
3166:
3165:
3164:
3149:
3148:
3147:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3126:
3125:
3115:
3109:
3107:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3097:
3096:
3095:
3085:
3080:
3079:
3078:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3055:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3045:
3035:
3030:
3029:
3028:
3017:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3010:
3005:
3004:
3003:
2993:
2992:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2975:
2974:
2959:
2958:
2957:
2947:
2942:
2941:
2940:
2929:
2927:
2918:
2912:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2904:
2901:
2896:
2895:
2894:
2884:
2879:
2878:
2877:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2813:
2812:
2802:
2801:
2800:
2790:
2784:
2782:
2773:
2767:
2766:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2759:
2758:
2757:
2747:
2742:
2736:
2734:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2726:
2721:
2718:
2715:
2710:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2673:
2667:
2661:
2660:
2657:
2656:
2645:
2644:
2636:
2635:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2622:
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2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2585:
2583:
2579:
2578:
2571:
2570:
2563:
2556:
2548:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2535:
2529:
2524:
2518:
2516:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2505:
2499:
2497:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2486:
2479:
2477:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2461:
2460:
2459:
2453:
2441:
2439:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2428:
2422:
2417:
2411:
2405:
2399:
2392:
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2373:
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2370:
2367:
2366:
2364:
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2357:
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2340:
2333:
2331:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2323:
2318:
2312:
2311:
2310:
2299:
2293:
2292:
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2280:
2274:
2273:
2272:
2260:
2257:
2251:
2245:
2239:
2238:
2237:
2226:
2220:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2209:
2198:
2197:
2196:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2176:
2164:
2163:
2162:
2156:
2150:
2144:
2143:
2142:
2127:
2126:
2125:
2115:
2110:
2104:
2102:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2094:
2088:
2082:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2068:
2056:
2050:
2044:
2038:
2032:
2025:
2023:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2015:
2009:
2004:
2003:
2002:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1983:
1978:
1968:
1967:
1966:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1936:
1929:
1927:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1876:
1870:
1868:
1859:
1852:
1851:
1844:
1843:
1836:
1829:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1803:
1796:
1795:External links
1793:
1790:
1789:
1773:
1757:
1750:
1732:
1723:
1706:
1689:
1682:
1676:. p. 71.
1655:
1636:
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1607:
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1573:
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1542:
1524:(in Swedish).
1508:
1501:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1452:
1449:
1399:
1396:
1351:George William
1274:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1218:
1216:
1209:
1203:
1200:
1196:leather cannon
1148:Polish Prussia
1121:Herman Wrangel
1112:
1109:
1096:
1093:
985:
982:
875:
872:
870:
867:
821:
820:
818:
817:
811:
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804:
803:
801:Weichselsmünde
798:
793:
787:
786:
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605:Great Northern
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368:Herman Wrangel
335:
334:
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305:
303:Swedish Empire
292:
291:
287:
286:
283:
282:
281:
280:
275:, and Elbląg (
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1436:Sztumska Wieś
1431:
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1416:
1415:Sigismund III
1409:
1408:Sztumska Wieś
1404:
1395:
1392:
1388:
1387:Ducal Prussia
1384:
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1365:
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1219:This section
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1133:Field Marshal
1130:
1126:
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1118:
1108:
1106:
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1092:
1090:
1085:
1084:near Danzig.
1083:
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947:field marshal
944:
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927:Sigismund III
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
907:Ducal Prussia
904:
899:
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863:
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854:and later at
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496:
493:49,480 troops
492:
490:40,000 troops
489:
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73: –
72:
68:
67:Find sources:
61:
57:
51:
50:
45:This article
43:
39:
34:
33:
30:
19:
3614:
3451:Polish
3435:World War II
3192:Smolensk War
2988:
2933:Livonian War
2916:Commonwealth
2665:Piast Poland
2646:
2515:(since 1990)
2475:World War II
2330:18th century
2304:(1672–1676)
2285:(1655–1660)
2283:Northern War
2265:(1648–1657)
2231:(1632–1634)
2229:Smolensk War
2203:(1620–1621)
2189:(1618–1648)
2169:(1605–1618)
2158:
2135:(1600–1611)
2101:17th century
2061:(1558–1583)
2059:Livonian War
2022:16th century
1996:(1443–1444)
1946:(1409–1411)
1926:15th century
1889:14th century
1866:13th century
1776:
1767:Życie i myśl
1766:
1760:
1741:
1735:
1728:
1714:
1709:
1699:
1692:
1665:
1658:
1649:
1639:
1620:
1616:
1610:
1590:
1583:
1563:
1556:
1545:
1533:. Retrieved
1521:
1511:
1492:
1488:
1482:
1432:
1428:Wladyslaw IV
1412:
1406:Memorial at
1380:
1376:
1357:, Głowa and
1324:
1288:
1284:
1256:
1247:
1232:Please help
1220:
1156:
1114:
1098:
1086:
1067:
1024:
997:
967:
940:
900:
877:
864:
827:
825:
657:
587:
506:4,080 killed
290:Belligerents
260:, including
181:Part of the
163:
152:
118:
109:
99:
92:
85:
78:
66:
54:Please help
49:verification
46:
29:
3337:World War I
2534:(2003–2011)
2496:(1944–1990)
2458:(1919–1920)
2452:(1918–1919)
2438:(1918–1940)
2427:(1914–1918)
2425:World War I
2416:(1863–1864)
2410:(1830–1831)
2398:(1803–1815)
2355:War of 1792
2351:(1768–1774)
2345:(1733–1735)
2339:(1700–1721)
2317:(1683–1699)
2298:(1666–1671)
2279:(1654–1667)
2244:(1633–1634)
2161:(1626–1629)
2155:(1621–1625)
2149:(1617–1618)
2093:(1594–1596)
2087:(1591–1593)
2081:(1587–1588)
2075:(1563–1570)
2067:(1577–1582)
2055:(1534–1537)
2049:(1512–1522)
2037:(1507–1508)
2031:(1500–1503)
2014:(1492–1494)
1990:(1431–1435)
1935:(1401–1409)
1898:(1340–1392)
1881:(1283–1422)
1445:Dvina River
1291:Netherlands
1187:cuirassiers
941:The Polish
503:30,000 dead
457:Lew Sapieha
390:Gustav Horn
249:Territorial
3622:Categories
3457:resistance
3001:The Deluge
2289:The Deluge
1963:Gollub War
1957:Hunger War
1724:830511452X
1683:9189315634
1672:. Sweden:
1474:References
974:Kokenhusen
856:Stuhmsdorf
214:Baltic Sea
82:newspapers
2805:Great War
1858:(to 1795)
1594:. BRILL.
1530:1101-2412
1440:Pomerania
1327:Tolkmicko
1312:Habsburgs
1250:June 2024
1221:does not
1183:Pułkowice
1171:Honigfeld
1144:Pomerania
1089:firepower
1078:New Style
1063:artillery
1055:new style
1008:Pomerania
858:with the
840:1620–1625
836:1617–1618
832:1600–1611
593:1655–1660
588:1626–1629
583:1621–1625
578:1617–1618
573:1600–1611
568:Sigismund
563:1563–1568
204:1626–1629
187:1600–1629
112:June 2008
3580:Iraq War
2532:Iraq War
1652:(3): 63.
1451:See also
1424:Smolensk
1372:Catholic
1343:Klaipėda
1335:Braniewo
1159:Graudenz
1101:Brodnica
1074:flotilla
1045:(modern
1035:Braniewo
1027:Kieżmark
959:dragoons
957:, 1,000
796:Trzciana
739:Dirschau
485:Strength
209:Location
3455:,
3453:history
3344:on the
2708:Bohemia
1391:Mazovia
1364:Livonia
1359:Malbork
1308:England
1242:removed
1227:sources
1202:Outcome
1191:hussars
1167:Malbork
1059:Motława
1051:hussars
1004:Vistula
980:river.
955:cavalry
880:Wallhof
775:Ostróda
770:Vistula
760:Treiden
708:Selburg
688:Wallhof
258:Livonia
251:changes
218:Prussia
159:Discuss
96:scholar
2485:(1941)
2466:(1923)
2404:(1812)
2362:(1794)
2271:(1651)
2256:(1638)
2250:(1637)
2225:(1630)
2219:(1625)
2195:(1619)
2183:(1606)
2175:(1610)
2141:(1605)
2043:(1508)
1965:(1422)
1959:(1414)
1784:
1748:
1721:
1680:
1627:
1598:
1571:
1528:
1499:
1374:side.
1339:Piława
1331:Elbląg
1316:Moscow
1304:France
1039:Orneta
1031:Gdańsk
1016:Czarne
943:hetman
931:vassal
923:Gdańsk
884:Latvia
869:Course
848:Poland
844:Sweden
838:, and
791:Górzno
765:Gdańsk
734:Czarne
713:Wenden
693:Bauska
599:Deluge
324:
277:Elbing
269:Pillau
233:Result
226:Poland
222:Latvia
149:merged
98:
91:
84:
77:
69:
1670:(PDF)
1619:[
1491:[
1355:Sztum
1163:Sztum
1047:Tczew
978:Dvina
909:near
815:Bovsk
744:Oliwa
703:Gniew
698:Mitau
273:Memel
151:with
103:JSTOR
89:books
1782:ISBN
1746:ISBN
1719:ISBN
1678:ISBN
1625:ISBN
1596:ISBN
1569:ISBN
1537:2024
1526:ISSN
1497:ISBN
1385:and
1341:and
1306:and
1225:any
1223:cite
1152:Puck
1111:1629
1095:1628
1000:Puck
984:1627
970:Sejm
874:1626
846:and
826:The
729:Puck
558:1562
262:Riga
201:Date
189:and
75:news
1727:.
1493:422
1236:by
1154:).
271:),
185:of
157:. (
58:by
3624::
1811:,
1808:,
1648:.
1520:.
1337:,
1333:,
1329:,
1322:.
1302:.
949:)
898:.
882:,
862:.
834:,
224:,
220:,
216:,
2567:e
2560:t
2553:v
1840:e
1833:t
1826:v
1754:.
1686:.
1633:.
1604:.
1577:.
1539:.
1505:.
1263:)
1257:(
1252:)
1248:(
1244:.
1230:.
649:e
642:t
635:v
601:)
597:(
535:e
528:t
521:v
279:)
243:)
239:(
161:)
125:)
119:(
114:)
110:(
100:·
93:·
86:·
79:·
52:.
20:)
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