132:
36:
911:
3748:
244:
1175:
3810:
3834:
148:
140:
3786:
3822:
3798:
3759:
821:
892:, it is possible to see both Polaris and the Southern Cross. The celestial south pole is moving toward the Southern Cross, which has pointed to the south pole for the last 2000 years or so. As a consequence, the constellation is no longer visible from subtropical northern latitudes, as it was in the time of the
421:
during the 26,000 year cycle, they do not necessarily meet the naked eye limit needed to serve as a useful indicator of north to an Earth-based observer, resulting in periods of time during the cycle when there is no clearly defined North Star. There will also be periods during the cycle when bright
1207:
by the place of this sterre place and stedes and boundes of the other sterres and of cercles of heven ben knowen: therefore astronomers beholde mooste this sterre. Then this ster is dyscryved of the moste shorte cercle; for he is ferre from the place that we ben in; he hydeth the hugenesse of his
259:
it was 89.26 degrees N). So it appears due north in the sky to a precision better than one degree, and the angle it makes with respect to the true horizon (after correcting for refraction and other factors) is within a degree of the latitude of the observer. The celestial pole will be nearest
429:
The 26,000 year cycle of North Stars, starting with the current star, with stars that will be "near-north" indicators when no North Star exists during the cycle, including each star's average brightness and closest alignment to the north celestial pole during the cycle:
824:
823:
828:
827:
822:
163:(Kochab) was closer to the celestial north pole than Alpha Ursae Minoris. While there was no naked-eye star close to the pole, the midpoint between Alpha and Beta Ursae Minoris was reasonably close to the pole, and it appears that the entire constellation of
829:
389:
around 18,400 AD. The celestial pole will then return to the stars in constellation Draco (Thuban, mentioned above) before returning to the current constellation, Ursa Minor. When
Polaris becomes the North Star again around 27,800 AD, due to its
973:, visible to the naked eye under ideal conditions) that most closely coincide with the projection of the planet's axis of rotation onto the celestial sphere. Different planets have different pole stars because their axes are oriented differently. (See
1287:, also writing in the 9th century, makes an explicit reference to the "Star of the Sea" metaphor, saying that Mary is the "Star of the Sea" to be followed on the way to Christ, "lest we capsize amid the storm-tossed waves of the sea."
826:
1507:...in the early 16th century ... Polaris was still around three and a half degrees from the celestial pole ...will reach its closest to the north celestial pole around AD 2100, when the separation will be less than half a degree
1334:
2000:
267:(as well as the stars' proper motions), the role of North Star has passed (and will pass) from one star to another in the remote past (and in the remote future). In 3000 BC, the faint star
1974:
282:
from the celestial pole, the closest of any of the visible pole stars. However, at magnitude 3.67 (fourth magnitude) it is only one-fifth as bright as
Polaris, and today it is invisible in
825:
3599:
362:
will be a more helpful pole star, at a distance of 3° from celestial north, around 11,250 AD. Precession will then point the north celestial pole nearer the constellation
1456:
Gemmae Frisii de astrolabo catholico liber: quo latissime patentis instrumenti multiplex usus explicatur, & quicquid uspiam rerum mathematicarum tradi possit continetur
2039:
1779:
316:
of +89°32'23", which translates to 1657" (or 0.4603°) from the celestial north pole, in
February 2102. Its maximum apparent declination (taking account of
950:
will have a declination of –82°, meaning it will rise and set daily for latitudes between 8°S and 8°N, and will not rise to viewers north of this latter
841:, and Southern Cross (next to the Coalsack) are clearly visible. Near the end of the video, the rise of the Moon illuminates the scene. (Argentina, 2014)
293:(Kochab) was the bright star closest to the celestial pole, but it was never close enough to be taken as marking the pole, and the Greek navigator
354:. Like Beta Ursae Minoris during the 1st millennium BC, the bright star closest to the celestial pole in the 10th millennium AD, first-magnitude
343:
will stand on either side of the northern celestial pole some time around 5200 AD, before moving to closer alignment with the brighter star
1877:
235:(i.e. "Cynosure, or the Marian Polar Star"), a collection of Marian poetry published by Nicolaus Lucensis (Niccolo Barsotti de Lucca) in 1655.
1208:
quantite for unmevablenes of his place, and he doth cerfifie men moste certenly, that beholde and take hede therof; and therfore he is called
961:
will be a future southern pole star: at 88.4° S declination in the year 66,270 AD; and 87.7° S declination in the year 93,830 AD.
219:
was coined in the
Renaissance, even though at that time it was well recognized that it was several degrees away from the celestial pole;
2240:
2223:
131:
2148:
stella maris, sive illuminatrix Maria, inter fluctivagas undas pelagi, fide ac moribus sequenda est, ne mergamur undis diluvii
3631:
2084:
1986:
1853:
1500:
1066:
In 1968 the north pole star of the Moon was Omega
Draconis; by 1977 it was 36 Draconis. The south pole star is Delta Doradus.
1431:
1373:
885:
constellation functions as an approximate southern pole constellation, by pointing to where a southern pole star would be.
335:("Errai") by 3000 AD, with Errai reaching its closest alignment with the northern celestial pole around 4200 AD.
1999:
Archinal, Brent A.; A'Hearn, Michael F.; Bowell, Edward G.; Conrad, Albert R.; Consolmagno, Guy J.; et al. (2010).
304:
The precession of the equinoxes takes about 25,770 years to complete a cycle. Polaris' mean position (taking account of
3606:
2925:
942:(Alsephina, 9200 AD). From the eightieth to the ninetieth centuries, the south celestial pole will travel through the
2188:
1558:
173:(Greek Κυνόσουρα "dog's tail"), was used as indicating the northern direction for the purposes of navigation by the
1335:
Empirical evidence for the spherical shape of Earth § Observation of certain, fixed stars from different locations
1319:
3318:
358:, will be a distant 7° from the pole, never close enough to be taken as marking the pole, while third-magnitude
123:(Gamma Ursae Minoris) were twin northern pole stars, though neither was as close to the pole as Polaris is now.
3611:
3248:
3232:
2267:
3658:
3525:
1307:
1026:
371:
256:
3641:
3592:
3567:
2860:
1820:
974:
3582:
3562:
1390:
1033:
for the purpose of determining orientation. Using this convention, Venus is tilted 177° ("upside down").
394:
it then will be farther away from the pole than it is now, while in 23,600 BC it was closer to the pole.
264:
2945:
3776:
3646:
3577:
3547:
2072:
1443:
1385:
1349:
35:
28:
324:) will be +89°32'50.62", which is 1629" (or 0.4526°) from the celestial north pole, on 24 March 2100.
183:, has since itself become a term for "guiding principle" after the constellation's use in navigation.
143:
The path of the north celestial pole among the stars due to the effect of precession, with dates shown
3653:
3530:
3507:
3089:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2134:
1221:
1190:
50:
2796:
2670:
2305:
1671:
1234:
833:
Series of shots showing the rotation of the Earth's axis relative to the south celestial pole. The
701:
676:
382:
194:
in the 5th century, when it was still removed from the celestial pole by about 8°. It was known as
2076:
969:
Pole stars of other planets are defined analogously: they are stars (brighter than 6th magnitude,
135:
A method to find the Pole star
Polaris at 5x the distance of the two front stars of the Big Dipper
3572:
3323:
3122:
3032:
2992:
2974:
2900:
2471:
2397:
2154:
1329:
1120:
579:
555:
528:
505:
367:
328:
2168:
1845:
Stars & planets : the complete guide to the stars, constellations, and the solar system
381:
Precession will eventually point the north celestial pole nearer the stars in the constellation
3733:
3713:
3485:
3480:
3378:
3273:
3222:
3027:
3017:
2690:
2488:
2456:
2347:
2330:
1765:
1746:
1712:
1615:
1212:, the sterre of the see, for he ledeth in the see men that saylle and have shyppemannes crafte.
1196:
1077:
627:
603:
351:
1573:
Cygni) will be the brightest star near the pole in about 8000 years' time, at a distance of 7°
1420:
378:, will be a pole star around 14,500 AD, though at a distance of 5° from celestial north.
3587:
3557:
3552:
3542:
3470:
3258:
2424:
2104:
1645:
1492:
1480:
1459:
774:
751:
727:
417:
will hold the transitory title of North Star. While other stars might line up with the north
317:
275:
2705:
2064:
1550:
1543:
402:
3728:
3626:
3616:
3465:
3433:
3227:
3022:
3007:
2320:
2015:
2001:"Report of the IAU Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements: 2009"
1284:
1229:
350:
Precession will then point the north celestial pole at stars in the northern constellation
327:
Precession will next point the north celestial pole at stars in the northern constellation
105:
8:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3838:
3188:
3171:
2842:
2744:
2567:
2065:
1055:, the lunar pole describes a small circle on the celestial sphere every 18.6 years. e.g.
919:
869:, making it less useful for casual navigational or astronomy alignment purposes. It is a
470:
414:
321:
223:
in the year 1547 determined this distance as 3°8'. An explicit identification of Mary as
199:
156:
104:
2 star aligned approximately with its northern axis that serves as a pre-eminent star in
39:
3328:
2019:
1848:. Wil Tirion, Ian Ridpath, Ian Ridpath (Updated and expanded ed.). Princeton, N.J.
3826:
3814:
3723:
3684:
3636:
3621:
3535:
3475:
3398:
3308:
3278:
3268:
3212:
3134:
2825:
2461:
2260:
2194:
2031:
1871:
1306:
are also oriented towards the north. On the contrary, the south is associated with the
1291:
951:
878:
862:
790:
783:
446:
406:
290:
160:
101:
3674:
3099:
3072:
3052:
2852:
2636:
2624:
2451:
2431:
2385:
2367:
2335:
2198:
2184:
2150:
2080:
2035:
1982:
1859:
1849:
1793:
1704:
1554:
1496:
1413:
cynosurae septem stellas consideravit quibus cursum navigationis dirigebant
Phoenices
1324:
1303:
1217:
870:
834:
436:
109:
74:
42:
3159:
151:
The path of the south celestial pole among the stars due to the effect of precession
3790:
3502:
3455:
3405:
3393:
3371:
3366:
3293:
3253:
3200:
2982:
2905:
2880:
2774:
2695:
2419:
2380:
2176:
2023:
1891:
1052:
1041:
1000:
423:
422:
stars give only an approximate guide to "north", as they may be greater than 5° of
398:
279:
70:
1738:
1607:
3689:
3492:
3361:
3205:
3176:
3117:
3112:
2987:
2715:
2680:
2614:
2560:
2555:
2500:
2310:
1408:
1395:
1272:
1224:
being a title of the
Blessed Virgin. This tradition goes back to a misreading of
931:
838:
283:
3751:
3517:
3356:
3183:
3154:
3129:
3062:
2751:
2619:
2505:
2407:
2297:
2287:
1734:
1700:
1676:
1603:
1344:
1295:
1126:
1005:
893:
854:
764:
740:
458:
418:
78:
2180:
2027:
1863:
918:
In the next 7500 years, the south celestial pole will pass close to the stars
3848:
3703:
3497:
3460:
3428:
3303:
3012:
2835:
2806:
2784:
2402:
2375:
2352:
2253:
2129:
1439:
1381:
1161:
1109:
1103:
1091:
1057:
1046:
939:
927:
716:
666:
451:
391:
309:
272:
220:
179:
169:
3802:
3763:
3438:
3388:
3383:
3283:
3166:
3149:
3107:
3077:
3067:
3002:
2885:
2830:
2811:
2791:
2769:
2761:
2604:
2597:
2436:
2357:
2340:
1843:
1667:
1225:
1200:
1136:
1020:
935:
910:
866:
691:
568:
494:
386:
344:
332:
301:, the celestial pole was about equally distant between Polaris and Kochab.
298:
186:
Alpha Ursae
Minoris (Polaris) was described as ἀειφανής (transliterated as
1294:, the Pole Star is considered to be auspicious and is associated with the
3679:
3351:
3343:
3333:
3313:
3288:
3217:
3139:
2895:
2870:
2865:
2779:
2739:
2700:
2665:
2648:
2643:
2315:
1538:
1476:
1267:
1247:
1156:
1152:
1081:
1015:
943:
903:
was the nearest bright star to the celestial south pole. Around 2800 BC,
640:
616:
592:
544:
537:
518:
359:
340:
336:
313:
252:
174:
1931:
1905:
3263:
2960:
2933:
2910:
2890:
2875:
2727:
2631:
2609:
2587:
2582:
2446:
1339:
1179:
1141:
900:
874:
801:
481:
305:
164:
90:
86:
54:
297:
in ca. 320 BC described the celestial pole as devoid of stars. In the
3298:
3082:
3047:
3042:
3037:
2997:
2950:
2940:
2734:
2710:
2685:
2592:
2543:
2476:
2466:
2441:
2414:
2390:
2325:
1978:
1797:
1523:
Jean Meeus, Mathematical
Astronomy Morsels Ch. 50; Willmann-Bell 1997
1488:
1299:
858:
410:
21:
1195:("star of the sea", from its use for navigation at sea), as in e.g.
3443:
3144:
2818:
2577:
2550:
904:
243:
191:
1174:
3718:
3193:
2955:
2722:
2675:
2658:
2653:
2572:
1262:
1183:
947:
923:
889:
846:
294:
120:
97:
77:; that is, a star whose apparent position is close to one of the
46:
16:
Visible star that is nearly aligned with Earth's axis of rotation
1953:
3708:
3696:
2915:
2801:
1998:
1650:, vol. 4, Presbyterian Magazine Company, 1871, p. 53.
958:
331:. The pole will drift to space equidistant between Polaris and
268:
208:
203:
147:
139:
116:
85:, a pole star would lie directly overhead when viewed from the
1261:; the misreading is also found in the manuscript tradition of
2067:
Mars: An introduction to its interior, surface and atmosphere
1432:
1374:
1085:
426:
removed from direct alignment with the north celestial pole.
355:
108:, and a much dimmer magnitude 5.5 star on its southern axis,
82:
3057:
2276:
1275:; a late 9th-century manuscript of Jerome's text still has
882:
651:
375:
363:
66:
3797:
3758:
20:"South Star" redirects here. For the American rapper, see
3423:
2245:
1481:"Chapter Three: The celestial eighty-eight – Ursa Minor"
190:) meaning "always above the horizon", "ever-shining" by
1246:"drop of the sea" as a (false) Hebrew etymology of the
115:
From around 1700 BC until just after 300 AD,
3774:
1415:): "Notae ad Scaligeri Diatribam de Aequinoctiis" in
1665:
1542:
1189:In the medieval period, Polaris was also known as
815:
202:, reflecting its use in navigation. In the Vishnu
1695:
1693:
3846:
1569:Draconis) lay a mere 0°.1 from the pole. Deneb (
1320:Astronomy on Mars § Celestial poles and ecliptic
1062:The Guinness Book of Astronomy Facts & Feats
177:. The ancient name of Ursa Minor, anglicized as
2221:
1590:The Observer's Year: 366 Nights in the Universe
1729:
1727:
1690:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1587:
635:will become the North Star at about 11,250 AD
238:
2261:
1929:
659:used to be the North Star at about 12,000 BC;
611:will become the North Star at about 9,800 AD
587:will become the North Star at about 7,500 AD
563:will become the North Star at about 5,900 AD
513:will become the North Star at about 3,100 AD
1537:
1475:
1169:
881:from the pole is about 1° (as of 2000). The
845:Currently, there is no South Pole Star like
809:used to be the North Star at about 1,100 BC
759:used to be the North Star at about 3,000 BC
735:used to be the North Star at about 4,420 BC
686:and will become the North Star at 15,000 AD
684:used to be the North Star at about 9,000 BC;
661:and will become the North Star at 14,500 AD
2160:
2008:Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy
1733:
1724:
1699:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1627:
1602:
1471:
1469:
1467:
2268:
2254:
1876:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1596:
1951:
1271:(7th century); it probably arises in the
861:star to the south celestial pole, but at
278:was the North Star, aligning within 0.1°
2117:Conversations-Lexicon Für Bildende Kunst
1654:
1464:
1173:
909:
907:was only 8 degrees from the south pole.
819:
242:
146:
138:
130:
34:
1841:
1583:
1581:
1549:. New York: Pearson Education. p.
1519:
1517:
1515:
957:Precession and proper motion mean that
397:Over the course of Earth's 26,000-year
69:that is approximately aligned with the
3847:
2166:
2062:
2056:
782:a near-north star, shares timing with
2249:
1818:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1056:
914:Circle of southern stars, Chile, 2016
247:Precession of Earth's rotational axis
2099:cited after J. O. Halliwell, (ed.),
1578:
1512:
1102:a little over two degrees away from
347:("Alderamin") around 7500 AD.
233:Cynosura seu Mariana Stella Polaris
206:, it is personified under the name
13:
1672:"Gamma Cephei: A future Pole Star"
1526:
96:Currently, Earth's pole stars are
14:
3876:
2215:
1199:(d. 1272), in the translation of
3832:
3820:
3808:
3796:
3784:
3757:
3747:
3746:
2101:The Works of William Shakespeare
1954:"Sirius, future South Pole Star"
1934:. Sheffield Astronomical Society
1419:ed. Ch. Frisch, vol. 8.1 (1870)
1182:pictured in the coat of arms of
1123:, about six degrees from Polaris
964:
100:(Alpha Ursae Minoris), a bright
2141:
2122:
2110:
2093:
1992:
1967:
1945:
1923:
1898:
1884:
1835:
1812:
1786:
1780:"Is there a southern pole star"
1772:
1758:
1242:(written ca. 390). Jerome gave
865:5.47 it is barely visible on a
816:Southern pole star (South Star)
711:will be again around 18,400 AD
231:) becomes evident in the title
1930:Kieron Taylor (1 March 1994).
1565:Around 4800 years ago Thuban (
1449:
1425:
1401:
1367:
1119:in the far northern region of
709:was the pole star in 7,400 BC,
289:During the 1st millennium BC,
198:("ship-star") in 10th-century
1:
3659:Timeline of stellar astronomy
2169:"Cosmology in Mandaean Texts"
1819:Hobbs, Trace (May 21, 2013).
1608:"KOCHAB (Beta Ursae Minoris)"
1360:
1302:face north when praying, and
1094:is a couple of degrees away.
372:northern celestial hemisphere
255:was 89.35 degrees North; (at
2228:Hipparcos, the New Reduction
1821:"Night Sky Near the Equator"
1216:Polaris was associated with
975:Poles of astronomical bodies
7:
3319:Hertzsprung–Russell diagram
2175:. Brill. pp. 572–579.
2167:Bhayro, Siam (2020-02-10).
1313:
1108:about two degrees north of
265:precession of the equinoxes
239:Precession of the equinoxes
10:
3881:
3233:Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism
2241:Star trails around Polaris
2073:Cambridge University Press
1705:"ALDERAMIN (Alpha Cephei)"
1433:
1375:
1350:Worship of heavenly bodies
401:cycle, a series of bright
126:
29:Pole star (disambiguation)
18:
3742:
3667:
3516:
3414:
3342:
3241:
3098:
2973:
2851:
2760:
2496:
2487:
2366:
2296:
2283:
2275:
2181:10.1163/9789004400566_046
2135:The Catholic Encyclopedia
2028:10.1007/s10569-010-9320-4
1794:"The North Star: Polaris"
1768:. Jumk.De. 6 August 2013.
1222:Our Lady, Star of the Sea
1170:In religion and mythology
1076:The top two stars in the
938:(Aspidiske, 8100 AD) and
119:(Beta Ursae Minoris) and
3612:With multiple exoplanets
2222:van Leeuwen, F. (2007).
1739:"TAU HER (Tau Herculis)"
1355:
946:. Around 14,000 AD
899:Around 200 BC, the star
167:, in antiquity known as
2398:Asymptotic giant branch
1588:Moore, Patrick (2005).
1391:A Greek–English Lexicon
1330:Direction determination
489:the current North Star
312:) will reach a maximum
3734:Tidal disruption event
3223:Circumstellar envelope
2457:Luminous blue variable
2063:Barlow, N. G. (2008).
1747:University of Illinois
1713:University of Illinois
1616:University of Illinois
1240:De nominibus hebraicis
1214:
1197:Bartholomaeus Anglicus
1186:
915:
842:
251:In 2022 Polaris' mean
248:
212:("immovable, fixed").
152:
144:
136:
58:
3259:Effective temperature
2173:Hellenistic Astronomy
1989:. www.starrynight.com
1842:Ridpath, Ian (2017).
1782:. Cornell University.
1493:The Lutterworth Press
1382:Liddell, Henry George
1257:was later misread as
1205:
1177:
1088:, point to the pole.
913:
832:
368:second brightest star
246:
227:with the North Star (
150:
142:
134:
38:
3729:Planet-hosting stars
3607:With resolved images
3578:Historical brightest
3508:Photometric-standard
3434:Solar radio emission
3228:Eddington luminosity
3008:Triple-alpha process
2946:Thorne–Żytkow object
2321:Young stellar object
2119:vol. 7 (1857), 141f.
1458:, Steelsius (1556),
1285:Paschasius Radbertus
1220:from an early time,
857:is the closest near
106:celestial navigation
27:For other uses, see
3553:Highest temperature
3324:Color–color diagram
3189:Protoplanetary disk
2993:Proton–proton chain
2671:Chemically peculiar
2020:2011CeMDA.109..101A
1545:Norton's Star Atlas
1417:Kepleri Opera Omnia
920:Gamma Chamaeleontis
536:shares timing with
471:Alpha Ursae Minoris
415:northern hemisphere
385:, pointing towards
200:Anglo-Saxon England
157:classical antiquity
40:Northern Hemisphere
3558:Lowest temperature
3309:Photometric system
3279:Absolute magnitude
3213:Circumstellar dust
2826:Stellar black hole
2462:Stellar population
2348:Herbig–Haro object
2130:"The Name of Mary"
1292:Mandaean cosmology
1228:'s translation of
1187:
952:8th parallel north
916:
879:angular separation
863:apparent magnitude
843:
791:Beta Ursae Minoris
407:apparent magnitude
291:Beta Ursae Minoris
249:
161:Beta Ursae Minoris
153:
145:
137:
112:(Sigma Octantis).
59:
3772:
3771:
3675:Substellar object
3654:Planetary nebulae
3073:Luminous red nova
2983:Deuterium burning
2969:
2968:
2452:Instability strip
2432:Wolf-Rayet nebula
2386:Horizontal branch
2331:Pre-main-sequence
2086:978-0-521-85226-5
1987:978-0-07-333666-4
1977:, Version 5.8.4.
1855:978-0-691-17788-5
1502:978-0-7188-2695-6
1325:Celestial equator
1308:World of Darkness
1218:Marian veneration
1167:
1166:
1025:The IAU uses the
835:Magellanic Clouds
830:
813:
812:
413:is −12.9) in the
260:Polaris in 2100.
110:Polaris Australis
75:astronomical body
43:circumpolar stars
3872:
3837:
3836:
3835:
3825:
3824:
3823:
3813:
3812:
3811:
3801:
3800:
3789:
3788:
3787:
3780:
3764:Stars portal
3762:
3761:
3750:
3749:
3406:Planetary system
3329:Strömgren sphere
3201:Asteroseismology
2922:Black hole star
2494:
2493:
2420:Planetary nebula
2381:Red-giant branch
2270:
2263:
2256:
2247:
2246:
2237:
2235:
2234:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2205:
2164:
2158:
2145:
2139:
2126:
2120:
2114:
2108:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2070:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2044:
2038:. Archived from
2005:
1996:
1990:
1975:Starry Night Pro
1971:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1961:
1949:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1939:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1888:
1882:
1881:
1875:
1867:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1766:"Sigma Octantis"
1762:
1756:
1755:
1754:
1753:
1731:
1722:
1721:
1720:
1719:
1697:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1684:
1666:McClure, Bruce;
1663:
1652:
1651:
1642:
1625:
1624:
1623:
1622:
1600:
1594:
1593:
1585:
1576:
1575:
1572:
1568:
1548:
1535:
1524:
1521:
1510:
1509:
1473:
1462:
1453:
1447:
1436:
1435:
1429:
1423:
1405:
1399:
1378:
1377:
1371:
1068:
1053:axial precession
1042:Omicron Draconis
1001:Omicron Draconis
980:
979:
877:from Earth. Its
849:, the so-called
831:
486:within 0.5°
433:
432:
424:angular diameter
399:axial precession
71:axis of rotation
32:
25:
3880:
3879:
3875:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3870:
3869:
3845:
3844:
3843:
3833:
3831:
3821:
3819:
3809:
3807:
3795:
3785:
3783:
3775:
3773:
3768:
3756:
3738:
3663:
3632:Milky Way novae
3568:Smallest volume
3512:
3493:Radial velocity
3416:
3410:
3362:Common envelope
3338:
3237:
3206:Helioseismology
3177:Bipolar outflow
3118:Microturbulence
3113:Convection zone
3094:
2988:Lithium burning
2975:Nucleosynthesis
2965:
2847:
2756:
2483:
2362:
2311:Molecular cloud
2292:
2279:
2274:
2232:
2230:
2218:
2213:
2212:
2203:
2201:
2191:
2165:
2161:
2146:
2142:
2127:
2123:
2115:
2111:
2103:vol. 5 (1856),
2098:
2094:
2087:
2061:
2057:
2048:
2046:
2042:
2003:
1997:
1993:
1972:
1968:
1959:
1957:
1952:Bruce McClure.
1950:
1946:
1937:
1935:
1928:
1924:
1914:
1912:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1890:
1889:
1885:
1869:
1868:
1856:
1840:
1836:
1826:
1824:
1817:
1813:
1803:
1801:
1792:
1791:
1787:
1778:
1777:
1773:
1764:
1763:
1759:
1751:
1749:
1735:Kaler, James B.
1732:
1725:
1717:
1715:
1701:Kaler, James B.
1698:
1691:
1682:
1680:
1664:
1655:
1644:
1643:
1628:
1620:
1618:
1604:Kaler, James B.
1601:
1597:
1586:
1579:
1570:
1566:
1561:
1536:
1527:
1522:
1513:
1503:
1474:
1465:
1454:
1450:
1430:
1426:
1409:Johannes Kepler
1406:
1402:
1396:Perseus Project
1372:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1316:
1273:Carolingian era
1172:
1151:midway between
1027:right-hand rule
967:
932:Upsilon Carinae
839:Coalsack Nebula
820:
818:
710:
685:
660:
460:
453:
442:
241:
129:
79:celestial poles
33:
26:
19:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3878:
3868:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3842:
3841:
3829:
3817:
3805:
3793:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3766:
3754:
3743:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3700:
3699:
3694:
3693:
3692:
3687:
3671:
3669:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3650:
3649:
3644:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3603:
3602:
3597:
3596:
3595:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3563:Largest volume
3560:
3555:
3550:
3540:
3539:
3538:
3533:
3522:
3520:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3489:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3447:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3420:
3418:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3408:
3403:
3402:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3381:
3376:
3375:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3348:
3346:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3274:Magnetic field
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3245:
3243:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3198:
3197:
3196:
3191:
3184:Accretion disk
3181:
3180:
3179:
3174:
3164:
3163:
3162:
3160:Alfvén surface
3157:
3155:Stellar corona
3152:
3147:
3142:
3132:
3130:Radiation zone
3127:
3126:
3125:
3120:
3110:
3104:
3102:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3092:
3087:
3086:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2979:
2977:
2971:
2970:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2937:
2936:
2931:
2928:
2920:
2919:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2868:
2863:
2857:
2855:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2845:
2840:
2839:
2838:
2828:
2823:
2822:
2821:
2816:
2815:
2814:
2809:
2799:
2789:
2788:
2787:
2777:
2772:
2766:
2764:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2754:
2752:Blue straggler
2749:
2748:
2747:
2737:
2732:
2731:
2730:
2720:
2719:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2668:
2663:
2662:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2641:
2640:
2639:
2629:
2628:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2607:
2602:
2601:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2564:
2563:
2558:
2548:
2547:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2510:Main sequence
2508:
2503:
2497:
2491:
2489:Classification
2485:
2484:
2482:
2481:
2480:
2479:
2474:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2428:
2427:
2425:Protoplanetary
2417:
2412:
2411:
2410:
2405:
2395:
2394:
2393:
2383:
2378:
2372:
2370:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2344:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2302:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2290:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2273:
2272:
2265:
2258:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2238:
2217:
2216:External links
2214:
2211:
2210:
2189:
2159:
2140:
2121:
2109:
2092:
2085:
2055:
2014:(2): 101–135.
1991:
1966:
1944:
1922:
1910:moonkmft.co.uk
1897:
1883:
1854:
1834:
1811:
1785:
1771:
1757:
1723:
1689:
1670:(2017-09-29).
1653:
1626:
1595:
1592:. p. 283.
1577:
1559:
1541:, ed. (2004).
1525:
1511:
1501:
1463:
1448:
1424:
1400:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1352:
1347:
1345:Lists of stars
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1315:
1312:
1296:World of Light
1171:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1159:
1149:
1145:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1130:
1129:
1127:Delta Octantis
1124:
1117:
1113:
1112:
1106:
1100:
1096:
1095:
1089:
1078:Northern Cross
1074:
1070:
1069:
1064:, p. 29,
1058:Moore, Patrick
1049:
1044:
1039:
1035:
1034:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1009:
1008:
1006:Alpha Pictoris
1003:
998:
994:
993:
990:
987:
984:
966:
963:
894:ancient Greeks
883:Southern Cross
855:Sigma Octantis
817:
814:
811:
810:
807:
804:
799:
796:
793:
787:
786:
780:
777:
772:
769:
767:
765:Kappa Draconis
761:
760:
757:
754:
749:
746:
743:
741:Alpha Draconis
737:
736:
733:
730:
725:
722:
719:
713:
712:
707:
704:
699:
696:
694:
688:
687:
682:
679:
674:
671:
669:
663:
662:
657:
654:
649:
646:
643:
637:
636:
633:
630:
625:
622:
619:
613:
612:
609:
606:
601:
598:
595:
589:
588:
585:
582:
577:
574:
571:
565:
564:
561:
558:
553:
550:
547:
541:
540:
534:
531:
526:
523:
521:
515:
514:
511:
508:
503:
500:
497:
491:
490:
487:
484:
479:
476:
473:
467:
466:
463:
456:
449:
444:
439:
419:celestial pole
284:light-polluted
240:
237:
217:stella polaris
128:
125:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3877:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3852:
3850:
3840:
3830:
3828:
3818:
3816:
3806:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3792:
3782:
3781:
3778:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3753:
3745:
3744:
3741:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3724:Intergalactic
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3704:Galactic year
3702:
3698:
3695:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3682:
3681:
3678:
3677:
3676:
3673:
3672:
3670:
3666:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3639:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3601:
3598:
3594:
3591:
3590:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3583:Most luminous
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3545:
3544:
3541:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3528:
3527:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3519:
3515:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3498:Proper motion
3496:
3494:
3491:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3473:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3461:Constellation
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3429:Solar eclipse
3427:
3426:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3415:Earth-centric
3413:
3407:
3404:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3345:
3341:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3240:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3207:
3204:
3203:
3202:
3199:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3185:
3182:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3168:
3165:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3137:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3115:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3101:
3097:
3091:
3088:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3013:Alpha process
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2976:
2972:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2935:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2873:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2854:
2850:
2844:
2841:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2820:
2817:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2804:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2793:
2790:
2786:
2785:Helium planet
2783:
2782:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2775:Parker's star
2773:
2771:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2763:
2759:
2753:
2750:
2746:
2743:
2742:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2729:
2726:
2725:
2724:
2721:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2706:Lambda Boötis
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2646:
2645:
2642:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2633:
2630:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2612:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2585:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2553:
2552:
2549:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
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2527:
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2522:
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2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
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2495:
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2475:
2473:
2472:Superluminous
2470:
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2455:
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2400:
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2388:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2376:Main sequence
2374:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2365:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2353:Hayashi track
2351:
2349:
2346:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2322:
2319:
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2278:
2271:
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2259:
2257:
2252:
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2248:
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2239:
2229:
2225:
2220:
2219:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2190:9789004243361
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2163:
2156:
2152:
2149:
2144:
2137:
2136:
2131:
2125:
2118:
2113:
2106:
2102:
2096:
2088:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2069:
2068:
2059:
2045:on 2016-03-04
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2002:
1995:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1970:
1955:
1948:
1933:
1926:
1911:
1907:
1901:
1893:
1887:
1879:
1873:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1851:
1847:
1846:
1838:
1822:
1815:
1800:. May 7, 2012
1799:
1795:
1789:
1781:
1775:
1767:
1761:
1748:
1744:
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1736:
1730:
1728:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1696:
1694:
1679:
1678:
1673:
1669:
1668:Deborah, Byrd
1662:
1660:
1658:
1649:
1648:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1599:
1591:
1584:
1582:
1574:
1562:
1560:0-13-145164-2
1556:
1552:
1547:
1546:
1540:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1508:
1504:
1498:
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1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1461:
1457:
1452:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1428:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1404:
1397:
1393:
1392:
1387:
1386:Scott, Robert
1383:
1379:
1370:
1366:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
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1323:
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1318:
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1311:
1309:
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1297:
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1204:
1202:
1198:
1194:
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1185:
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1176:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1111:
1110:Delta Doradus
1107:
1105:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1050:
1048:
1047:Delta Doradus
1045:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1032:
1031:positive pole
1028:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
996:
995:
991:
988:
985:
982:
981:
978:
976:
972:
965:Other planets
962:
960:
955:
953:
949:
945:
941:
940:Delta Velorum
937:
933:
929:
928:Omega Carinae
925:
921:
912:
908:
906:
902:
897:
895:
891:
886:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
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852:
848:
840:
836:
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803:
800:
797:
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792:
789:
788:
785:
781:
778:
776:
773:
770:
768:
766:
763:
762:
758:
755:
753:
750:
747:
744:
742:
739:
738:
734:
731:
729:
726:
723:
720:
718:
717:Iota Draconis
715:
714:
708:
705:
703:
700:
697:
695:
693:
690:
689:
683:
680:
678:
675:
672:
670:
668:
667:Iota Herculis
665:
664:
658:
655:
653:
650:
647:
644:
642:
639:
638:
634:
631:
629:
626:
623:
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566:
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477:
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462:
457:
455:
450:
448:
445:
440:
438:
435:
434:
431:
427:
425:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
395:
393:
392:proper motion
388:
384:
379:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
348:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
325:
323:
319:
315:
311:
310:proper motion
307:
302:
300:
296:
292:
287:
286:urban skies.
285:
281:
277:
274:
273:constellation
270:
266:
261:
258:
254:
245:
236:
234:
230:
226:
222:
221:Gemma Frisius
218:
213:
211:
210:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
184:
182:
181:
176:
172:
171:
166:
162:
158:
149:
141:
133:
124:
122:
118:
113:
111:
107:
103:
99:
94:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
65:is a visible
64:
56:
52:
51:long-exposure
48:
44:
41:
37:
30:
23:
3839:Solar System
3627:White dwarfs
3617:Brown dwarfs
3600:Most distant
3548:Most massive
3526:Proper names
3486:Photographic
3450:
3439:Solar System
3417:observations
3344:Star systems
3167:Stellar wind
3150:Chromosphere
3123:Oscillations
3003:Helium flash
2853:Hypothetical
2831:X-ray binary
2770:Compact star
2605:Bright giant
2358:Henyey track
2336:Herbig Ae/Be
2231:. Retrieved
2227:
2202:. Retrieved
2172:
2162:
2147:
2143:
2133:
2124:
2116:
2112:
2100:
2095:
2066:
2058:
2047:. Retrieved
2040:the original
2011:
2007:
1994:
1969:
1958:. Retrieved
1947:
1936:. Retrieved
1932:"Precession"
1925:
1915:24 September
1913:. Retrieved
1909:
1906:"Precession"
1900:
1892:"Beta Hydri"
1886:
1844:
1837:
1825:. Retrieved
1814:
1802:. Retrieved
1788:
1774:
1760:
1750:, retrieved
1742:
1716:, retrieved
1708:
1681:. Retrieved
1675:
1646:
1619:, retrieved
1611:
1598:
1589:
1564:
1544:
1539:Ridpath, Ian
1506:
1484:
1477:Ridpath, Ian
1455:
1451:
1427:
1416:
1412:
1403:
1389:
1369:
1298:("heaven").
1289:
1280:
1276:
1266:
1259:stella maris
1258:
1255:stilla maris
1254:
1249:
1244:stilla maris
1243:
1239:
1233:
1226:Saint Jerome
1215:
1210:stella maris
1209:
1206:
1201:John Trevisa
1192:stella maris
1191:
1188:
1065:
1061:
1030:
1029:to define a
970:
968:
956:
936:Iota Carinae
917:
898:
887:
871:yellow giant
850:
844:
692:Tau Herculis
569:Alpha Cephei
495:Gamma Cephei
428:
409:up to +6; a
396:
387:Tau Herculis
380:
366:, where the
349:
345:Alpha Cephei
333:Gamma Cephei
326:
303:
288:
262:
250:
232:
228:
225:stella maris
224:
216:
214:
207:
196:scip-steorra
195:
187:
185:
178:
168:
154:
114:
95:
62:
60:
53:producing a
3827:Outer space
3815:Spaceflight
3680:Brown dwarf
3456:Circumpolar
3334:Kraft break
3314:Color index
3289:Metallicity
3249:Designation
3218:Cosmic dust
3140:Photosphere
2906:Dark-energy
2881:Electroweak
2866:Black dwarf
2797:Radio-quiet
2780:White dwarf
2666:White dwarf
2316:Bok globule
2224:"HIP 11767"
1823:. Wordpress
1647:Our Monthly
1407:implied by
1268:Etymologiae
1235:Onomasticon
1021:Eta Doradus
944:False Cross
930:(5800 AD),
922:(4200 AD),
875:light years
867:clear night
756:within 0.1°
641:Alpha Lyrae
617:Delta Cygni
593:Alpha Cygni
545:Beta Cephei
538:Beta Cephei
519:Iota Cephei
360:Delta Cygni
341:Beta Cephei
337:Iota Cephei
314:declination
263:Due to the
257:epoch J2000
253:declination
175:Phoenicians
3865:Star types
3860:Navigation
3855:Pole stars
3849:Categories
3642:Candidates
3637:Supernovae
3622:Red dwarfs
3481:Extinction
3269:Kinematics
3264:Luminosity
3242:Properties
3135:Atmosphere
3033:Si burning
3023:Ne burning
2961:White hole
2934:Quasi-star
2861:Blue dwarf
2716:Technetium
2632:Hypergiant
2610:Supergiant
2233:2011-03-01
2204:2021-09-03
2153:vol. 120,
2075:. p.
2049:2018-09-06
1960:2018-01-03
1956:. EarthSky
1938:2018-09-24
1864:1004676396
1752:2018-04-27
1718:2018-04-28
1683:2018-04-25
1621:2018-04-28
1485:Star Tales
1361:References
1340:Guide star
1180:North Star
1142:15 Orionis
989:South star
986:North star
901:Beta Hydri
851:North Star
802:Ursa Minor
482:Ursa Minor
405:stars (an
322:aberration
306:precession
165:Ursa Minor
91:South Pole
55:star trail
3791:Astronomy
3573:Brightest
3471:Magnitude
3451:Pole star
3372:Symbiotic
3367:Eclipsing
3299:Starlight
3100:Structure
3090:Supernova
3083:Micronova
3078:Recurrent
3063:Symbiotic
3048:p-process
3043:r-process
3038:s-process
3028:O burning
3018:C burning
2998:CNO cycle
2941:Gravastar
2477:Hypernova
2467:Supernova
2442:Dredge-up
2415:Blue loop
2408:super-AGB
2391:Red clump
2368:Evolution
2326:Protostar
2306:Accretion
2298:Formation
2199:213438712
2036:189842666
1979:Imaginova
1872:cite book
1798:Space.com
1489:Cambridge
1438: in
1376:κυνόσουρα
1300:Mandaeans
924:I Carinae
859:naked-eye
806:within 7°
779:within 6°
732:within 5°
706:within 1°
681:within 4°
656:within 5°
632:within 3°
608:within 7°
584:within 3°
573:Alderamin
560:within 5°
533:within 5°
510:within 3°
411:full moon
403:naked eye
299:Roman era
215:The name
188:aeiphanes
102:magnitude
63:pole star
49:, with a
22:Southstar
3752:Category
3647:Remnants
3543:Extremes
3503:Parallax
3476:Apparent
3466:Asterism
3444:Sunlight
3394:Globular
3379:Multiple
3304:Variable
3294:Rotation
3254:Dynamics
3145:Starspot
2819:Magnetar
2762:Remnants
2578:Subgiant
2551:Subdwarf
2403:post-AGB
2128:A. Maas,
1827:6 August
1804:6 August
1677:EarthSky
1479:(1988).
1434:ἀειφανής
1314:See also
1230:Eusebius
1203:(1397):
1104:Aldhibah
1060:(1983),
905:Achernar
702:Hercules
677:Hercules
452:Constel-
383:Hercules
318:nutation
280:distance
192:Stobaeus
180:cynosure
170:Cynosura
3777:Portals
3719:Gravity
3668:Related
3588:Nearest
3536:Chinese
3384:Cluster
3357:Contact
3194:Proplyd
3068:Remnant
2956:Blitzar
2930:Hawking
2886:Strange
2836:Burster
2792:Neutron
2745:Extreme
2696:He-weak
2341:T Tauri
2016:Bibcode
1440:Liddell
1394:at the
1304:temples
1263:Isidore
1253:. This
1184:Utsjoki
1157:Fawaris
1148:Neptune
1121:Cepheus
1099:Jupiter
1051:Due to
997:Mercury
948:Canopus
890:equator
888:At the
847:Polaris
721:Edasich
621:Fawaris
580:Cepheus
556:Cepheus
529:Cepheus
506:Cepheus
475:Polaris
443:tional
370:in the
329:Cepheus
295:Pytheas
271:in the
229:Polaris
127:History
121:Pherkad
98:Polaris
89:or the
47:Polaris
45:around
3709:Galaxy
3697:Planet
3685:Desert
3593:bright
3531:Arabic
3352:Binary
3172:Bubble
2896:Planck
2871:Exotic
2807:Binary
2802:Pulsar
2740:Helium
2701:Barium
2644:Carbon
2637:Yellow
2625:Yellow
2598:Yellow
2437:PG1159
2197:
2187:
2138:(1912)
2083:
2034:
1985:
1973:2004.
1862:
1852:
1557:
1499:
1421:p. 290
1283:, but
1281:stella
1279:, not
1277:stilla
1133:Uranus
1116:Saturn
1092:Markeb
1016:Fafnir
992:notes
983:Planet
959:Sirius
795:Kochab
784:Kochab
745:Thuban
628:Cygnus
604:Cygnus
549:Alfirk
465:notes
459:Align-
454:lation
441:Tradi-
352:Cygnus
269:Thuban
209:Dhruva
204:Purana
117:Kochab
73:of an
3803:Stars
3714:Guest
3518:Lists
3399:Super
3053:Fusor
2926:Black
2911:Quark
2891:Preon
2876:Boson
2812:X-ray
2728:Shell
2681:Ap/Bp
2583:Giant
2501:Early
2447:OH/IR
2277:Stars
2195:S2CID
2155:p. 94
2105:p. 40
2043:(PDF)
2032:S2CID
2004:(PDF)
1743:Stars
1709:Stars
1612:Stars
1460:p. 20
1444:Scott
1356:Notes
1250:Maria
1248:name
1162:Regor
1137:Sabik
1086:Deneb
1012:Venus
775:Draco
752:Draco
728:Draco
648:0.026
597:Deneb
499:Errai
437:Bayer
356:Deneb
276:Draco
87:North
83:Earth
81:. On
57:photo
3389:Open
3284:Mass
3108:Core
3058:Nova
2951:Iron
2901:Dark
2711:Lead
2691:HgMn
2686:CEMP
2615:Blue
2588:Blue
2506:Late
2288:List
2185:ISBN
2081:ISBN
1983:ISBN
1917:2018
1878:link
1860:OCLC
1850:ISBN
1829:2013
1806:2013
1555:ISBN
1497:ISBN
1442:and
1178:The
1155:and
1153:Sadr
1084:and
1082:Sadr
1073:Mars
1038:Moon
971:i.e.
873:294
798:2.08
771:3.82
748:3.65
724:3.29
698:3.89
673:3.75
652:Lyra
645:Vega
624:2.87
600:1.25
576:2.51
552:3.51
525:3.51
502:3.21
478:1.98
461:ment
376:Vega
364:Lyra
339:and
320:and
308:and
67:star
3690:Sub
3424:Sun
2843:SGR
2620:Red
2593:Red
2177:doi
2024:doi
2012:109
1290:In
1265:'s
1238:,
977:.)
155:In
3851::
2723:Be
2676:Am
2659:CH
2654:CN
2573:OB
2568:WR
2226:.
2193:.
2183:.
2171:.
2151:PL
2132:,
2107:.]
2079:.
2077:21
2071:.
2030:.
2022:.
2010:.
2006:.
1981:.
1908:.
1874:}}
1870:{{
1858:.
1796:.
1745:,
1741:,
1737:,
1726:^
1711:,
1707:,
1703:,
1692:^
1674:.
1656:^
1629:^
1614:,
1610:,
1606:,
1580:^
1563:.
1553:.
1528:^
1514:^
1505:.
1495:.
1491::
1487:.
1483:.
1466:^
1388:;
1384:;
1380:.
1310:.
1232:'
1080:,
954:.
934:,
926:,
896:.
853:.
837:,
374:,
159:,
93:.
61:A
3779::
2916:Q
2735:B
2649:S
2561:B
2556:O
2544:M
2539:K
2534:G
2529:F
2524:A
2519:B
2514:O
2269:e
2262:t
2255:v
2236:.
2207:.
2179::
2157:.
2089:.
2052:.
2026::
2018::
1963:.
1941:.
1919:.
1894:.
1880:)
1866:.
1831:.
1808:.
1686:.
1571:α
1567:α
1551:5
1446:.
1411:(
1398:.
447:V
31:.
24:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
