Platypus - Knowledge

2424: 963: 801: 951: 975: 115: 296: 2301:, the major animal groups, the land animals, water animals and birds, all competed for the platypus to join their respective groups, but the platypus ultimately decided to not join any of them, feeling that he did not need to be part of a group to be special, and wished to remain friends with all of those groups. Another Dreaming story emanate of the upper Darling tells of a young duck which ventured too far, ignoring the warnings of her tribe, and was kidnapped by a large water-rat called Biggoon. After managing to escape after some time, she returned and laid two eggs which hatched into strange furry creatures, so they were all banished and went to live in the mountains. 1444: 8023: 2032:. However, local changes and fragmentation of distribution due to human modification of its habitat are documented. Its historical abundance is unknown and its current abundance difficult to gauge, but it is assumed to have declined in numbers, although as of 1998 was still being considered as common over most of its current range. The species was extensively hunted for its fur until the early years of the 20th century. Although the species gained legal protections beginning in Victoria in 1890 and throughout Australia by 1912, until about 1950 it was still at risk of drowning in the nets of inland 2412: 1219: 8875: 1208: 2405:, who also wrote the character's theme song, said that its opening lyrics are based on the introductory sentence of the Platypus article on Knowledge, copying the "semiaquatic egg-laying mammal" phrase word for word and appending the phrase "of action"; however, the article did not include "egg-laying mammal" in the lead sentence until 2014, several years after the song released. As a character, Perry has been well received by both fans and critics. Coincidentally, real platypuses show a similar cyan colour when seen under ultraviolet lighting. 8030: 1072:, and the platypus's electroreception is the most sensitive of any monotreme. Feeding by neither sight nor smell, the platypus closes its eyes, ears, and nose when it dives. Digging in the bottom of streams with its bill, its electroreceptors detect tiny electric currents generated by the muscular contractions of its prey, enabling it to distinguish between animate and inanimate objects. Experiments have shown the platypus will even react to an "artificial shrimp" if a small electric current is passed through it. 167: 1050: 2125:

respectively. These predictions suggested that the species would fall under the "Vulnerable" classification. The authors stressed the need for national conservation efforts, which might include conducting more surveys, tracking trends, reduction of threats and improvement of river management to ensure healthy platypus habitat. Co-author Gilad Bino is concerned that the estimates of the 2016 baseline numbers could be wrong, and numbers may have been reduced by as much as half already.

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Ying; Wood, Jonathan; Haase, Bettina; Mountcastle, Jacquelyn; Fedrigo, Olivier; Li, Qiye; Yang, Huanming; Wang, Jian; Johnston, Stephen D.; Phillippy, Adam M.; Howe, Kerstin; Jarvis, Erich D.; Ryder, Oliver A.; Kaessmann, Henrik; Donnelly, Peter; Korlach, Jonas; Lewin, Harris A.; Graves, Jennifer; Belov, Katherine; Renfree, Marilyn B.; Grutzner, Frank; Zhou, Qi; Zhang, Guojie (29 April 2021).

994: 1223: 1222: 1916:. The platypus, which previously fed on a wide array of hard and soft-bodied prey, was outcompeted by the rakali over hard-bodied prey such as crayfish and mussels. This competition may have selected for the loss of teeth in the platypus and their replacement by horny pads, as a way of specializing for softer-bodied prey, which the rakali did not compete with it over. 1224: 1221: 6080:

Zhou, Yang; Shearwin-Whyatt, Linda; Li, Jing; Song, Zhenzhen; Hayakawa, Takashi; Stevens, David; Fenelon, Jane C.; Peel, Emma; Cheng, Yuanyuan; Pajpach, Filip; Bradley, Natasha; Suzuki, Hikoyu; Nikaido, Masato; Damas, Joana; Daish, Tasman; Perry, Tahlia; Zhu, Zexian; Geng, Yuncong; Rhie, Arang; Sims,

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May 2008, revealing both reptilian and mammalian elements, as well as two genes found previously only in birds, amphibians, and fish. More than 80% of the platypus's genes are common to the other mammals whose genomes have been sequenced. An updated genome, the most complete on record, was published

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Size varies considerably in different regions, with average weight from 0.7 to 2.4 kg (1 lb 9 oz to 5 lb 5 oz); males have average length 50 cm (20 in), while females are the smaller at 43 cm (17 in). This variation does not seem to follow any particular

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mating system. Females are believed to become sexually mature in their second year, with breeding observed in animals over nine years old. The male takes no part in nesting, living in his year-long resting burrow. After mating, the female constructs a deep, elaborate nesting burrow up to 20 m

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to protect the webbing. The elongated snout and lower jaw are covered in soft skin, forming the bill. The nostrils are located on the snout's dorsal surface, while the eyes and ears are just behind the snout in a groove which closes underwater. Platypuses can give a low growl when disturbed, and a

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theorised that placental mammals and marsupials may have diverged earlier, and a subsequent branching divided the monotremes and marsupials, but later research and fossil discoveries have suggested this is incorrect. In fact, modern monotremes are the survivors of an early branching of the mammal

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used to hunt platypuses for food (their fatty tails being particularly nutritious), while, after colonisation, Europeans hunted them for fur from the late 19th century until 1912, when it was prohibited by law. In addition, European researchers captured and killed platypus or removed their eggs,

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During incubation and weaning, the mother initially leaves the burrow only for short periods to forage. She leaves behind her a number of thin soil plugs along the length of the burrow, possibly to protect the young from predators; pushing past these on her return squeezes water from her fur and

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The platypus is an excellent swimmer and spends much of its time in the water foraging for food. It has a swimming style unique among mammals, propelling itself by alternate strokes of the front feet, while the webbed hind feet are held against the body and only used for steering, along with the

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on various parts of their bodies, including their backs, tails, and legs. Mucormycosis can kill platypuses, death arising from secondary infection and by affecting the animals' ability to maintain body temperature and forage efficiently. The Biodiversity Conservation Branch at the Department of

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occupancy by 22–32% over 50 years, causing "extinction of local populations across about 40% of the range". Under projections of climate change projections to 2070, reduced habitat due to drought would lead to 51–73% reduced abundance and 36–56% reduced metapopulation occupancy within 50 years

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allows the burrow to remain dry. After about five weeks, the mother begins to spend more time away from her young, and at around four months, the young emerge from the burrow. A platypus is born with teeth, but these drop out at a very early age, leaving the horny plates it uses to grind food.

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spur on each hind limb. The female platypus, in common with echidnas, has rudimentary spur buds that do not develop (dropping off before the end of their first year) and lack functional crural glands. Venom production rises among males during the breeding season, and it may be used to assert

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Frank Grützner; Willem Rens; Enkhjargal Tsend-Ayush; Nisrine El-Mogharbel; Patricia C. M. O'Brien; Russell C. Jones; Malcolm A. Ferguson-Smith; Jennifer A. Marshall Graves (16 December 2004). "In the platypus a meiotic chain of ten sex chromosomes shares genes with the bird Z and mammal X

1435:) that it digs out of the riverbed with its snout or catches while swimming. It carries prey to the surface in cheek-pouches before eating it. It eats about 20% of its own weight each day, which requires it to spend an average of 12 hours daily looking for food. 1106:

across the sheet of electroreceptors, enhanced by the characteristic side-to-side motion of the animal's head while hunting. It may also be able to determine the distance of moving prey from the time lag between their electrical and mechanical pressure pulses.

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Masakazu Asahara; Masahiro Koizumi; Thomas E. Macrini; Suzanne J. Hand; Michael Archer (2016). "Comparative cranial morphology in living and extinct platypuses: Feeding behavior, electroreception, and loss of teeth". Science Advances. 2 (10): e1601329.

2423: 1522:, undergo meroblastic cleavage, in which the ovum does not split completely. The cells at the edge of the yolk remain continuous with the egg's cytoplasm, allowing the yolk and embryo, to exchange waste and nutrients with the egg through the cytoplasm. 5688:

Rich, Thomas H.; Hopson, James A.; Gill, Pamela G.; Trusler, Peter; Rogers-Davidson, Sally; Morton, Steve; Cifelli, Richard L.; Pickering, David; Kool, Lesley (2016). "The mandible and dentition of the Early Cretaceous monotreme Teinolophos trusleri".

1175:, as in some rodents. These features suggest that the platypus has adapted to an aquatic and nocturnal lifestyle, developing its electrosensory system at the cost of its visual system. This contrasts with the small number of electroreceptors in the 1988:. One of the X chromosomes of the platypus has great homology to the bird Z chromosome. The platypus genome also has both reptilian and mammalian genes associated with egg fertilisation. Though the platypus lacks the mammalian sex-determining gene 1220: 2209:, who established a platypusary (a simulated stream in a tank) at the Healesville Sanctuary, where breeding was successful in 1943. In 1972, he found a dead baby of about 50 days old, which had presumably been born in captivity, at his 2221:, Queensland. Healesville repeated its success in 1998 and again in 2000 with a similar stream tank. Since 2008, platypus has bred regularly at Healesville, including second-generation (captive born themselves breeding in captivity). 6240:

Stannard HJ, Wolfenden J, Old JM (2010). Evaluating the capacity of constructed wetlands in sustaining a captive population of platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus). Australasian Journal of Environmental Management. 17(1), 27-34. DOI:

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Messer, M.; Weiss, A.S.; Shaw, D.C.; Westerman, M. (March 1998). "Evolution of the Monotremes: Phylogenetic Relationship to Marsupials and Eutherians, and Estimation of Divergence Dates Based on α-Lactalbumin Amino Acid Sequences".

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There is no universally agreed plural form of "platypus" in the English language. Scientists generally use "platypuses" or simply "platypus". Alternatively, the term "platypi" is also used for the plural, although this is a form of

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While both male and female platypuses are born with back ankle spurs, only the males' deliver venom. It is powerful enough to kill smaller animals such as dogs, and though it is not lethal to humans, it can inflict weeks of agony.

2087:" as assessed in 2016, when it was estimated that numbers had reduced by about 30 percent on average since European settlement. The animal is listed as endangered in South Australia, but it is not covered at all under the federal 5306: 6001:

Cortez, Diego; Marin, Ray; Toledo-Flores, Deborah; Froidevaux, Laure; Liechti, Angélica; Waters, Paul D.; Grützner, Frank; Kaessmann, Henrik (2014). "Origins and functional evolution of Y chromosomes across mammals".

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lack teats, with milk released through pores in the skin. The milk pools in grooves on the mother's abdomen, allowing the young to lap it up. After they hatch, the offspring are milk-fed for three to four months.

2075:, netting, and trapping. Reduction of watercourse flows and water levels through excessive droughts and extraction of water for industrial, agricultural, and domestic supplies are also considered a threat. The 1525:

Young platypus are called "puggles". Newly hatched platypuses are vulnerable, blind, and hairless, and are fed by the mother's milk, that provides all the requirements for growth and development. The platypus'

1460:(65 ft) long. It tucks fallen leaves and reeds underneath its curled tail, dragging them to the burrow to soften the tunnel floor with folded wet leaves, and to line the nest at the end with bedding. 4428: 1376:, where it finds both prey and river banks to dig resting and nesting burrows. It may have a range of up to 7 km (4.3 mi), with a male's home range overlapping those of three or four females. 4842: 6531: 871:. Research suggests this has been a gradual adaptation to harsh environmental conditions among the few marginal surviving monotreme species, rather than a general characteristic of past monotremes. 1892:

The loss of teeth in the modern platypus has long been enigmatic, as a distinctive lower molar tooth row was previously present in its lineage for over 95 million years. Even its closest relative,

1279:), which subsequently closed. In 2017 there were some unconfirmed sightings downstream from the sanctuary, and in October 2020 a nesting platypus was filmed inside the recently reopened sanctuary. 6419: 2308:, which is to them "a natural object, plant or animal that is inherited by members of a clan or family as their spiritual emblem", and the animal holds special meaning as a totem animal for the 1091:

area, and some cortical cells receive input from both electroreceptors and mechanoreceptors, suggesting the platypus feels electric fields like touches. These receptors in the bill dominate the

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The platypus and other monotremes were very poorly understood, and some of the 19th century myths that grew up around them – for example, that the monotremes were "inferior" or

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The platypus is not considered to be in immediate danger of extinction, because conservation measures have been successful, but it could be adversely affected by habitat disruption caused by

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published an article on the platypus and the efforts to study and raise it in captivity. The latter is a difficult task, and only a few young have been successfully raised since, notably at

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surface and the adjacent surface of the lens is flat, while the posterior surface of the lens is steeply curved, similar to the eyes of other aquatic mammals such as otters and sea-lions. A

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revealed that that platypus habitat in Australia had shrunk by 22 per cent in the previous 30 years, and recommended that the platypus should be listed as a threatened species under the

1487:(in contrast to a chicken egg, which spends about one day in tract and 21 days externally). The female curls around the incubating eggs, which develop in three phases. In the first, the 1317:

in Victoria. Along the coastal river systems, its distribution is unpredictable: absent in some relatively healthy rivers, but present in some quite degraded ones, for example the lower

2049:. In November 2020 a recommendation was made to list the platypus as a vulnerable species across all states with a vulnerable listing being made official in Victoria under the state's 7062: 6216: 1779:, which would have supported a variation of Gregory's theory, but later research has suggested, while they have three cusps, they evolved under a separate process. The fossil jaw of 7084:

Anich, Paula Spaeth; Anthony, Sharon; Carlson, Michaela; Gunnelson, Adam; Kohler, Allison M.; Martin, Jonathan G.; Olson, Erik R. (26 March 2021). "Biofluorescence in the platypus (

6453: 5279: 5302: 800: 513:-footed mammal at first baffled European naturalists. In 1799, the first scientists to examine a preserved platypus body judged it a fake made of several animals sewn together. 2877: 3001: 4490: 3940:

Czech-Damal, Nicole U.; Liebschner, Alexander; Miersch, Lars; Klauer, Gertrud; Hanke, Frederike D.; Marshall, Christopher; Dehnhardt, Guido; Hanke, Wolf (22 February 2012).

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recategorised its status as "near threatened" in 2016. The species is protected by law, but the only state in which it is listed as endangered is South Australia, under the

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who, unknown to them, is a secret agent. Such choices were inspired by media underuse, as well as to exploit the animal's striking appearance; additionally, show creator

4714: 2384:. The platypus has frequently appeared in Australian postage stamps, most recently the 2015 "Native Animals" series and the 2016 "Australian Animals Monotremes" series. 1775:

and is composed of an opalised lower jawbone with three molar teeth (whereas the adult contemporary platypus is toothless). The molar teeth were initially thought to be

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Fish, F. E.; Frappell, P. B.; Baudinette, R. V.; Macfarlane, P. M. (15 February 2001). "Energetics of Terrestrial Locomotion of the Platypus Ornithorhynchus Anatinus".

3134: 619:. It was thought that somebody had sewn a duck's beak onto the body of a beaver-like animal. Shaw even took a pair of scissors to the dried skin to check for stitches. 6935: 5244: 5109: 5070: 3103: 1057:. Its receptors are arranged in stripes on its bill, giving it high sensitivity to the sides and below; it makes quick turns of its head as it swims to detect prey. 3072: 6909: 2411: 6172:

John Woinarski (Natural Resources, Environment and The Arts; Group), Andrew Burbidge (IUCN SSC Australasian Marsupial and Monotreme Specialist (22 April 2014).

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Bino, Gilad; Kingsford, Richard T.; Wintle, Brendan A. (February 2020). "A stitch in time – Synergistic impacts to platypus metapopulation extinction risk".

6535: 2693: 6295: 6211: 2814: 944:. The first upper and third lower cheek teeth of platypus nestlings are small, each having one principal cusp, while the other teeth have two main cusps. 8810: 6965: 6411: 6299: 9504: 9404: 9087: 8803: 8789: 7616: 7025: 3769: 4459: 924:

is constructed differently from that of other mammals, and the jaw-opening muscle is different. Modern platypus young have three teeth in each of the

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Musser, A.M. (2006). "26. Furry Egg-layers: Monotreme Relationships and Radiations". In Merrick, J.R.; Archer, M.; Hickey, G.M.; Lee, M.S.Y. (eds.).

2174:) affects only Tasmanian platypuses, and had not been observed in platypuses in mainland Australia. Affected platypuses can develop skin lesions or 9544: 9343: 9197: 9001: 8747: 8605: 8466: 4657: 10335: 9664: 9624: 9204: 9190: 9094: 9051: 8782: 8761: 8754: 8696: 8353: 8332: 8220: 4345: 2183:

researchers to determine the impacts of the disease on Tasmanian platypuses, as well as the mechanism of transmission and spread of the disease.

1467:, but only the left one is functional. It lays one to three (usually two) small, leathery eggs (similar to those of reptiles), about 11 mm ( 6335: 905:. However, the external opening of the ear still lies at the base of the jaw. The platypus has extra bones in the shoulder girdle, including an 10521: 9564: 9231: 9168: 9146: 9073: 9058: 9037: 8480: 8290: 6647: 4389: 3372: 2040: 1948:, compared with two (XY) in most other mammals. These ten chromosomes form five unique pairs of XY in males and XX in females, i.e. males are X 1396:°F). Dives normally last around 30 seconds, with an estimated aerobic limit of 40 seconds, with 10 to 20 seconds at the surface between dives. 5797:

Flannery, Timothy F.; McCurry, Matthew R.; Rich, Thomas H.; Vickers-Rich, Patricia; Smith, Elizabeth T.; Helgen, Kristofer M. (2 April 2024).

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The platypus rests in a short, straight burrow in the riverbank about 30 cm (12 in) above water level, its oval entrance-hole often

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gait with legs on the sides of the body, rather than underneath. The platypus's genes are a possible evolutionary link between the mammalian

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called it by many names, such as "watermole", "duckbill", and "duckmole". Occasionally it is specifically called the "duck-billed platypus".

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Jørn H. Hurum, Zhe-Xi Luo, and Zofia Kielan-Jaworowska, Were mammals originally venomous?, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 51 (1), 2006: 1–11

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Although the platypus's eyes are small and not used under water, several features indicate that vision was important for its ancestors. The

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Zeiss, Caroline; Schwab, Ivan R.; Murphy, Christopher J.; Dubielzig, Richard W. (2011). "Comparative retinal morphology of the platypus".

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of Australia. It closely resembled the modern platypus, aside from the presence of molar teeth. A fossilised tooth of the giant platypus

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between June and October, with some local variation. Investigations have found both resident and transient platypuses, and suggest a

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pathogenic bacteria and viruses, but in platypuses they are also collected into a venom against predators. Venom is produced in the

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and the low numbers of extant monotreme species, the platypus is a frequent subject of research in evolutionary biology. In 2004,

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Similar spurs are found on many archaic mammal groups, indicating that this was an ancient general characteristic among mammals.

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Hutch, Michael; McDade, Melissa C., eds. (2004). "Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia: Lower metazoans and lesser deuterosomes".

6827: 6751: 6564: 3605:. Entwurf einer systematischen Stammesgeschichte (in German). Vol. 3 (1 ed.). Berlin: Georg Reimer. pp. 142–143. 2920: 10586: 5979: 2141: 1291: 7298: 6680: 4718: 3126: 2028:

Except for its loss from the state of South Australia, the platypus occupies the same general distribution as it did prior to

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in the wild; however, as of 2008 there was concern in Tasmania about the potential impacts of a disease caused by the fungus

1865:. These are also considered potential members of the platypus stem-lineage. The closest fossil relative of the platypus was 10353: 10262: 2274:

partly in order to increase scientific knowledge, but also to gain prestige and outcompete rivals from different countries.

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rapidly develops around the wound and gradually spreads through the affected limb, and it may develop into an excruciating

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million years ago. Judging by the tooth, the animal measured 1.3 metres long, making it the largest platypus on record.

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Hayashi, S.; Houssaye, A.; Nakajima, Y.; Chiba, K.; Ando, T.; Sawamura, H.; Inuzuka, N.; Kaneko, N.; Osaki, T. (2013).

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Researchers have worried for years that declines have been greater than assumed. In January 2020, researchers from the

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were once thought to be closely related to the modern platypus, but are now considered more basal taxa. The fossilised

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Rauhut, O.W.M.; Martin, T.; Ortiz-Jaureguizar, E.; Puerta, P. (2002). "The first Jurassic mammal from South America".

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In captivity, platypuses have survived to 30 years of age, and wild specimens have been recaptured when 24 years old.

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The platypus is semiaquatic, inhabiting small streams and rivers over an extensive range from the cold highlands of

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when he described it, but the genus term was quickly discovered to already be in use as the name of the wood-boring

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for sustenance, until the sac is absorbed. During the second phase, the digits develop, and in the last phase, the

596: 339: 832:'s account of the new colony 1788–1801, he describes "an amphibious animal, of the mole species", with a drawing. 10405: 2683: 2334:

Platypuses have been used several times as mascots: Syd the platypus was one of the three mascots chosen for the

936:(three molars), which they lose before or just after leaving the breeding burrow; adults instead develop heavily 839:

that traps a layer of insulating air to keep the animal warm. The fur is waterproof, and textured like that of a

5303:"Wallaby joeys and platypus puggles are tiny and undeveloped when born. But their mother's milk is near-magical" 3425:

Dawson, Tj; Grant, Tr; Fanning, D (1979). "Standard Metabolism of Monotremes and the Evolution of Homeothermy".

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instead of giving birth to live young. Like other monotremes, the platypus senses prey in cloudy water through

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in 1845 for sport hunting may have had some impact on its numbers on the mainland. The platypus is generally

1021:(DLPs) produced by the immune system, three of which are unique to the platypus. In other animals, defensins 114: 6181: 2120:. The study predicted that, considering current threats, the animals' abundance would decline by 47–66% and 166: 10561: 10536: 4451: 2461: 2193: 1287: 2439: 1787:

million years old, making it the oldest mammal fossil found in Australia. Unlike the modern platypus (and

295: 10387: 10270: 10244: 10111: 10102: 3575: 2853: 2381: 887: 883: 533: 434: 245: 10275: 6712: 1155:, though the actual visual acuity is insufficient for such activities. Limited acuity is matched by low 10526: 7354: 4798:

Gardner, J. L.; Serena, M. (1995). "Spatial-Organization and Movement Patterns of Adult Male Platypus,

2214: 1160: 4390:"Platypus 'sighting' in the Adelaide Hills sparks camera set-up to capture extinct species - ABC News" 1116:

was electroreceptive, but unlike the modern platypus it foraged pelagically (near the ocean surface).

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The oldest discovered fossil of the modern platypus dates back to about 100,000 years ago during the

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recovery teams worked to reinstate their habitat, with a number of sightings reported by April 2020.

20: 7345: 6857: 6639: 3503:"Bone Inner Structure Suggests Increasing Aquatic Adaptations in Desmostylia (Mammalia, Afrotheria)" 3376: 1993: 5914: 2535: 2149: 1443: 1302: 1264: 1124:

In recent studies it has been suggested that the eyes of the platypus are more similar to those of

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Monotreme electrolocation for hunting in murky waters may be tied to their tooth loss. The extinct

592: 878:, and genetics of monotremes shows traces of similarity to reptiles and birds. The platypus has a 10236: 10093: 6775: 6479: 6357: 4835:"Platypus in Tasmania | Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment, Tasmania" 4363: 1806:)-aged fossil specimens of actual early platypus relatives were recovered from the same rocks as 812: 604: 552: 285: 10444: 10249: 6140: 6054: 3843: 835:

The body and the broad, flat tail of the platypus are covered with dense, brown, biofluorescent

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The platypus can feel the direction of an electric source, perhaps by comparing differences in

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in all states where it occurs since 1912. Its population is not under severe threat, although

10439: 8494: 6590: 4685:. Environmental Protection Agency/Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service. 2006. Archived from 3739: 2317: 2198: 1811: 1148: 1133: 693: 399: 268: 10431: 4634: 4315: 4151: 3037: 10366: 10296: 10231: 10061: 10052: 9969: 9871: 9777: 9153: 7938: 6384: 6094: 6011: 5925: 5810: 5698: 5614: 5513: 5034:

Grant, T. R.; Griffiths, M.; Leckie, R.M.C. (1983). "Aspects of Lactation in the Platypus,

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could hardly believe that the female platypus lays eggs, but this was finally confirmed by

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programs have had slight success, and it is vulnerable to pollution. It is classified as a

528:, who also used to hunt it for food. It has appeared as a national mascot, features on the 517: 369: 123: 7370: 3398:

Watson, Jm; Graves, Jam (1988). "Monotreme Cell-Cycles and the Evolution of Homeothermy".

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under a tangle of roots. It may sleep up to 14 hours per day, after half a day of diving.

8: 10531: 10168: 10076: 9742: 7979: 7945: 7524: 6805: 2254: 2137: 1456: 1272: 1253: 1245: 1180: 1096: 570: 529: 350: 131: 6388: 6098: 6015: 5929: 5814: 5702: 5618: 5603:"Molecules, morphology, and ecology indicate a recent, amphibious ancestry for echidnas" 5517: 4982: 4865: 4060: 3882: 3518: 1207: 901:

are fully incorporated into the skull, rather than lying in the jaw as in pre-mammalian

860:

climatic rule and may be due to other factors such as predation and human encroachment.

611:

in 1799, stated it was impossible not to entertain doubts as to its genuine nature, and

9961: 9316: 7819: 7669: 7497: 7020: 6117: 6082: 6035: 5949: 5744: 5724: 5637: 5602: 5583: 5547: 5503: 5478: 5453: 5413: 5356: 5329: 5213: 5184: 5157: 5132: 4994: 4775: 4746: 4296: 4197: 4172: 4126: 4101: 4077: 4044: 4015: 3990: 3966: 3941: 3817: 3679: 3568: 3537: 3502: 3483: 3213: 3184: 2789: 2466: 2398: 2253:, in 1922, 1947, and 1958. Of these, only two of the three animals introduced in 1947, 1776: 1286:

introduced in the 1920s, said to stand at 150 individuals in the Rocky River region of

1183:, which lives in moist environments, is intermediate between the other two monotremes. 560: 310: 161: 6509: 6478:. Department of Primary Industries and Water, Tasmania. 29 August 2008. Archived from 4516: 4362:. Department of Primary Industries and Water, Tasmania. 31 August 2006. Archived from 3709: 10426: 10283: 10129: 9783: 9713: 8666: 7846: 7383: 7277: 7256: 7234: 7224: 7201: 7180: 7159: 7138: 6831: 6781: 6741: 6560: 6122: 6027: 5941: 5665: 5642: 5539: 5483: 5420: 5361: 5218: 5162: 5099: 4892: 4780: 4339: 4288: 4230: 4202: 4131: 4082: 4020: 3971: 3907: 3809: 3774: 3633: 3579: 3542: 3475: 3320: 3273: 2953: 2616: 2606: 2512: 2324: 2166: 1318: 685: 676: 663: 544: 460: 449: 228: 5967: 5728: 5587: 4300: 1845:, two other fossil relatives of the platypus, are known from the latest Cretaceous ( 1083:

for touch are uniformly distributed across the bill. The electrosensory area of the

890:

sex-determination systems, as one of the platypus's five X chromosomes contains the

867:

of about 32 °C (90 °F), lower than the 37 °C (99 °F) typical of

10471: 10288: 10024: 9132: 8939: 8724: 8323: 7985: 7685: 7678: 7589: 7310: 7097: 7057: 6672: 6392: 6112: 6102: 6039: 6019: 5953: 5933: 5818: 5714: 5706: 5632: 5622: 5575: 5551: 5529: 5521: 5473: 5465: 5351: 5341: 5208: 5200: 5152: 5144: 5047: 4986: 4935: 4884: 4863: 4811: 4770: 4762: 4280: 4254: 4192: 4184: 4121: 4117: 4113: 4072: 4064: 4010: 4002: 3961: 3953: 3897: 3821: 3801: 3532: 3522: 3487: 3465: 3434: 3407: 3310: 3302: 3222: 2779: 2662: 2530: 2389: 2369: 2328: 2002: 1484: 1069: 864: 779: 763: 689: 548: 487: 483: 446: 5823: 5798: 5710: 2646: 768: 10413: 9215: 8710: 8582: 8551: 8536: 8450: 8270: 7760: 7721: 7606: 7271: 7250: 7195: 7174: 7153: 6707: 6396: 4220: 3527: 2927: 2904: 2881: 2394: 2084: 1799: 1772: 1714: 1500: 1452: 1283: 1260: 1241: 1229: 1168: 1125: 1103: 1092: 1084: 1080: 1076: 852: 844: 778:'duck'. The platypus is the sole living representative or monotypic taxon of its 723: 671: 600: 537: 442: 146: 10379: 6776:

McKay, Helen F.; McLeod, Pauline E.; Jones, Francis F.; Barber, June E. (2001).

5330:"Marsupial and monotreme milk – a review of its nutrients and immune properties" 5182: 3242: 9937: 9902: 9812: 9373: 9245: 9224: 9160: 9112: 9029: 8953: 8924: 8817: 8796: 8567: 8560: 8389: 8280: 8180: 7897: 7466: 7331: 7101: 6660:

The animals are the only platypuses on display outside of their native country.

6107: 4539:"Find out how platypuses are faring on Kangaroo Island following the bushfires" 3792:, Induces a Calcium-Dependent Current in Cultured Dorsal Root Ganglion Cells". 3788:

de Plater, G.M.; Milburn, P.J.; Martin, R.L. (2001). "Venom From the Platypus,

3470: 3453: 3227: 3208: 2121: 2113: 2105: 1945: 1841: 1325: 1314: 1192: 1065: 1030: 988: 937: 914: 709: 495: 491: 388: 7238: 6987: 5579: 3805: 3657: 1352:. Low platypus numbers in northern Australia are possibly due to predation by 851:

is more significant on the front feet, which in land walking are folded up in

10515: 10361: 9932: 9927: 9922: 9907: 9835: 9584: 9516: 9434: 8638: 8574: 8118: 7931: 7921: 7791: 7252:

Platypus: The Extraordinary Story of How a Curious Creature Baffled the World

6616: 4099: 2596: 2521: 2456: 2402: 2377: 2343: 2298: 2237:

As of 2019, the only platypuses in captivity outside of Australia are in the

2109: 1858: 1846: 1527: 1373: 1306: 1259:

Inland, its distribution is not well known. It was considered extinct on the

1172: 1144: 1088: 929: 906: 840: 623: 479: 151: 72: 5627: 5564: 4888: 4612: 3902: 3011:. Vol. 1b. Australian Biological Resources Study (ABRS). Archived from 2946: 2620: 1477: in) in diameter and slightly rounder than bird eggs. The eggs develop 10207: 9912: 9634: 9490: 9353: 9270: 9252: 9080: 8994: 8978: 8596: 8487: 8473: 8159: 8061: 8048: 7997: 7869: 7648: 7639: 6126: 6031: 5945: 5646: 5543: 5469: 5365: 5204: 5148: 4766: 4292: 4258: 4188: 4086: 4006: 3975: 3957: 3911: 3813: 3546: 3479: 3324: 2588: 2313: 2171: 1997: 1835: 1268: 1164: 1049: 1007: 941: 5487: 5222: 5166: 4896: 4784: 4573:"Impacts of water management in the Murray-Darling Basin on the platypus ( 4483:"V6 Commodore water pump gets the tick from nesting platypus at Warrawong" 4206: 4135: 4024: 3306: 1924: 843:. The platypus' tail stores fat reserves, an adaptation also found in the 774: 708:; going by the word's Greek roots the plural would be "platypodes". Early 622:

The common name "platypus" literally means 'flat-foot', deriving from the

10418: 10322: 10216: 9942: 9917: 9892: 9719: 9554: 9483: 9466: 9444: 9384: 9238: 9183: 9015: 8911: 8892: 8835: 8824: 8733: 8522: 8459: 8419: 8405: 8375: 8368: 8339: 8230: 8190: 8148: 8108: 8098: 7858: 7808: 6879: 6330: 4939: 2734: 2222: 2206: 1901: 1821: 1753: 1511: 1365: 910: 868: 848: 612: 603:. British scientists' initial hunch was that the attributes were a hoax. 426: 47: 6023: 5937: 4068: 4045:"Genome analysis of the platypus reveals unique signatures of evolution" 3787: 2148:. Declines in population had been greatest in NSW, in particular in the 1026: 471: 10485: 10314: 9897: 9865: 9855: 9731: 9691: 9534: 9424: 9022: 8946: 8932: 8689: 8515: 8501: 8398: 8300: 8138: 8078: 7967: 7777: 7769: 7738: 7731: 7655: 6171: 5719: 5534: 5346: 5033: 4998: 4284: 3563: 2793: 2417:

Platypus fur cape made in 1890, now in the National Gallery of Victoria

2363: 2339: 2320:, the platypus is protected and conserved by these Indigenous peoples. 2246: 2242: 2101: 2068: 1913: 1862: 1826: 1803: 1764: 1759: 1740: 1519: 1515: 1400: 1310: 1249: 1196: 1061: 898: 92: 57: 6412:"Australia's platypus habitat has shrunk 22% in 30 years, report says" 5745:

Pascual, R.; Goin, F.J.; Balarino, L.; Udrizar Sauthier, D.E. (2002).

5137:

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

5051: 4815: 3438: 3411: 3315: 2557: 516:

The unique features of the platypus make it important in the study of

10327: 9993: 9748: 9451: 9176: 9066: 8987: 8967: 8651: 8508: 8308: 7880: 7800: 7709: 7624: 7482: 7448: 7439: 7246: 6083:"Platypus and echidna genomes reveal mammalian biology and evolution" 5838:

Folger, Tim (1993). "A platypus in Patagonia (Ancient life – 1992)".

5183:

Manger, Paul R.; Hall, Leslie S.; Pettigrew, John D. (29 July 1998).

3570:

Extraordinary Animals: An Encyclopedia of Curious and Unusual Animals

2666: 2373: 2309: 2283: 2250: 2229:

bred twins in 2003, and breeding was again successful there in 2006.

2072: 2033: 1872: 1867: 1854: 1850: 1830: 1710: 1629: 1514:

cleavage, splitting into multiple divisible daughter cells. However,

1496: 1412: 1380:

tail. It can maintain its relatively low body temperature of about 32

1361: 1353: 1152: 1112: 1034: 1010:(heightened sensitivity to pain) persisting for days or even months. 909:

not found in other mammals. As in many other aquatic and semiaquatic

751: 727: 705: 651: 639: 627: 616: 521: 475: 218: 178: 97: 10178: 5525: 4990: 4314:

November 2020, Mindy Weisberger-Senior Writer 02 (2 November 2020).

2784: 2767: 2376:

in 1966, the embossed image of a platypus, designed and sculpted by

1294:, large portions of the island burnt, decimating wildlife. However, 559:, but a November 2020 report has recommended that it be upgraded to 10465: 10201: 10012: 9702: 9604: 9394: 9333: 8960: 8088: 7746: 7509: 7457: 7430: 6615:. Australian Platypus Conservancy. 22 November 2016. Archived from 5451: 4929: 3347:

in Tasmania: Abstracts from the 1999 'Tasmanian Platypus Workshop'"

2485: 2430: 2347: 2089: 2080: 2000:. A draft version of the platypus genome sequence was published in 1937: 1897: 1748: 1659: 1492: 1432: 1328:

for adults in the wild appear to be low. Natural predators include

1237: 1014: 997:

The calcaneus spur on the male's hind limb is used to inject venom.

933: 902: 875: 565: 438: 198: 87: 82: 67: 62: 52: 37: 6000: 4864:

Fish, F.E.; Baudinette, R.V.; Frappell, P.B.; Sarre, M.P. (1997).

3939: 2943: 2735:"A national assessment of the conservation status of the platypus" 1694:

Evolutionary relationships between the platypus and other mammals

1191:

In 2020, research revealed that platypus fur gives a bluish-green

10493: 10034: 9876: 9497: 9293: 8613: 8128: 7909: 7835: 7365: 6958:"Disney gives 'Ferb' pickup, major push – Q&A: Dan Povenmire" 6173: 4100:

Gregory, J.E.; Iggo, A.; McIntyre, A.K.; Proske, U. (June 1988).

2602:

Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference

2161: 2117: 1876: 1815: 1788: 1718: 1701: 1583: 1416: 1357: 1129: 1018: 925: 897:

As in all true mammals, the tiny bones that conduct sound in the

879: 712: 467: 102: 77: 7214: 6364:(Press release). University of New South Wales. 21 January 2020. 6258:"The silent decline of the platypus, Australia's beloved oddity" 3292: 2290:, some of whom believed the animal was a hybrid of a duck and a 1728: 1151:, important for binocular vision, indicates a vestigial role in 1095:

of the platypus brain, in the same way human hands dominate the

1079:

are located in rostrocaudal rows in the skin of the bill, while

993: 587:

When the platypus was first encountered by Europeans in 1798, a

10301: 10257: 10018: 10006: 9675: 9574: 7577: 7536: 7424: 7406: 7316: 6442:"Platypus should be listed as a threatened species: new report" 6174:"IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Ornithorhynchus anatinus" 5796: 2291: 2226: 1992:, a study found that the mechanism of sex determination is the 1933: 1909: 1905: 1825:, the latter of which may be the oldest member of the platypus 1488: 1479: 1428: 1424: 1337: 1333: 1140: 588: 543:

The platypus was hunted for its fur, but it has been a legally

506: 430: 208: 188: 41: 6932:"Australian Animals Monotremes – Issue Date 26 September 2016" 6778:

Gadi Mirrabooka: Australian Aboriginal Tales from the Dreaming

5328:

Stannard, Hayley J.; Miller, Robert D.; Old, Julie M. (2020).

2849: 2191:

Much of the world was introduced to the platypus in 1939 when

6320: 5968:"Beyond the Platypus Genome – 2008 Boden Research Conference" 4744: 3942:"Electroreception in the Guiana dolphin (Sotalia guianensis)" 3268:

Guiler, E.R. (1983). "Tasmanian Devil". In R. Strahan (ed.).

3186:

An Account of the English Colony in New South Wales, Volume 2

2359: 2305: 2179:

Primary Industries and Water collaborated with NRM north and

2175: 1464: 1420: 1369: 1349: 1329: 1022: 1003: 891: 510: 453: 7083: 4421:"Life reinstated to much-loved Warrawong Wildlife Sanctuary" 3500: 3209:"Biofluorescence in the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus)" 2327:. In the 1940s, live platypuses were given to allies in the 2323:

The platypus has often been used as a symbol of Australia's

7375: 5600: 5185:"The development of the external features of the platypus ( 3454:"Sex Chromosome Specialization and Degeneration in Mammals" 2605:(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 2. 2510: 2316:. Because of their cultural significance and importance in 2076: 1341: 556: 502: 5268:"Interpreting Shared Characteristics: The Platypus Genome" 4270: 3340: 2304:

The platypus is also used by some Aboriginal peoples as a

1861:

from Australia when the two continents were connected via

1709:

tree, and a later branching is thought to have led to the

1368:, but can be active on overcast days. Its habitat bridges 806:

Illustration from the first scientific description in 1799

607:, who produced the first description of the animal in the 6853: 6534:. Queensland Government. 23 November 2003. Archived from 6079: 5064: 4965:

Kruuk, H. (1993). "The Diving Behaviour of the Platypus (

4177:

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London

3995:

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London

3270:

The Australian Museum Complete Book of Australian Mammals

2355: 2064: 1989: 1345: 921: 836: 9991: 5130: 4797: 4570: 4248: 4246: 4148: 856:

range of vocalisations have been reported in captivity.

6802:"A Brief History of the Olympic and Paralympic Mascots" 6640:"Rare Platypus On Display At San Diego Zoo Safari Park" 4171:

Pettigrew, John D.; Manger, P. R.; Fine, S. L. (1998).

3946:

Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

3628:

Ungar, Peter S. (2010). "Monotremata and Marsupialia".

2350:

in 1988, and Hexley the platypus is the mascot for the

2249:. Three attempts were made to bring the animals to the 1483:

for about 28 days, with only about 10 days of external

1202: 1132:

than to those of most tetrapods. The eyes also contain

696:

of nomenclature, it was later officially recognised as

5683: 5681: 5662:

Evolution and Biogeography of Australasian Vertebrates

5452:

Kirsch, John A. W.; Mayer, Gregory C. (29 July 1998).

5038:(Monotremata), in Waters of Eastern New South Wales". 3602:

Systematische Phylogenie der Wirbelthiere (Vertebrata)

1857:, indicating that some monotremes managed to colonize 5751:, and the convergent evolution of triangulate molars" 5687: 4515:. University of Adelaide. 4 July 2006. Archived from 4243: 4226:

The Ancestor's Tale, A Pilgrimage to the Dawn of Life

1276: 722:

literally means 'duck-like bird-snout', deriving its

9861: 9851: 9841: 9831: 9821: 9687: 9660: 9650: 9640: 9630: 9620: 9610: 9600: 9590: 9580: 9570: 9560: 9550: 9540: 9530: 9463: 9440: 9430: 9420: 9410: 9400: 9390: 9380: 9369: 9359: 9349: 9339: 9329: 9267: 9109: 8908: 8721: 8663: 8593: 8548: 8447: 8416: 8386: 8320: 8296: 8286: 8276: 8266: 8256: 8246: 8236: 8226: 8216: 8206: 8196: 8186: 8176: 8166: 8155: 8144: 8134: 8124: 8114: 8104: 8094: 8084: 8074: 7964: 7927: 7917: 7893: 7876: 7865: 7854: 7831: 7788: 7757: 7718: 7666: 7636: 7612: 7602: 6296:

Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment

6212:

Department of Energy, Environment and Climate Action

5803:

Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology

5691:

Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology

5404: 5011: 4316:"Platypuses glow an eerie blue-green under UV light" 494:

on the hind foot that delivers an extremely painful

441:. The platypus is the sole living representative or 6374: 5678: 5410: 4170: 4166: 4164: 3632:. The Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 130. 2100:presented evidence that the platypus is at risk of 615:believed it might have been produced by some Asian 7013: 5412: 5385:. Queensland Museum. November 2000. Archived from 5133:"Early development and embryology of the platypus" 5092:Vogelnest, Larry; Woods, Rupert (18 August 2008). 4150: 3567: 3424: 2945: 2944:Liddell, Henry George & Scott, Robert (1980). 2380:, has appeared on the reverse (tails) side of the 7255:. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. 7245: 7193: 5327: 4931:Energetics and foraging behaviour of the platypus 4633:. Australian Platypus Conservancy. Archived from 4042: 3988: 2645:Shaw, George; Nodder, Frederick Polydore (1799). 894:gene, which birds possess on their Z chromosome. 662:'foot'). Shaw initially assigned the species the 10513: 7588: 5859:"'Platypus-zilla' fossil unearthed in Australia" 5411:Lecointre, Guillaume; Le Guyader, Hervé (2006). 4655: 4161: 2331:, in order to strengthen ties and boost morale. 1717:and fossil dating suggest platypuses split from 794:A book for children published in Germany in 1798 7270:Strahan, Ronald; Van Dyck, Steve (April 2006). 7269: 7179:. Sydney: University of New South Wales Press. 7155:Paradoxical Platypus: Hobnobbing with Duckbills 7151: 6725: 6673:"Platypus | San Diego Zoo Animals & Plants" 6605: 6196: 5458:Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences 5415:The Tree of Life: A Phylogenetic Classification 5193:Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences 5012:Holland, Jennifer S. (July 2011). "40 Winks?". 4755:Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences 4038: 4036: 4034: 917:, increasing their density to provide ballast. 10137: 7132: 6494: 5091: 4213: 3989:Proske, Uwe; Gregory, J. E.; Iggo, A. (1998). 3630:Mammal Teeth: Origin, Evolution, and Diversity 3341:Munks, Sarah & Nicol, Stewart (May 1999). 3040:. National Library of Australia. August 2001. 2536:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T40488A21964009.en 2257:and Cecil, lived longer than eighteen months. 2128:A November 2020 report by scientists from the 2041:International Union for Conservation of Nature 1179:, which dwells in dry environments, while the 9977: 7391: 7046: 6906:"Native Animals - Issue Date 13 January 2015" 4927: 4715:"Monotreme Reproductive Biology and Behavior" 4712: 4313: 4043:Warren, Wesley C.; et al. (8 May 2008). 3738:Gerritsen, Vivienne Baillie (December 2002). 3558: 3556: 3094:Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert (1940). 3063:Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert (1940). 1388:°F) while foraging for hours in water below 5 1263:mainland, with the last sighting recorded at 6804:. Beijing2008. 5 August 2004. Archived from 6734: 6589:. Zoo Victoria. 4 March 2013. Archived from 6555: 6553: 6314: 5659: 5265: 5069:. University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. 4969:) in Waters with Different Trophic Status". 4571:Scott, Anthony; Grant, Tom (November 1997). 4031: 3397: 3267: 3093: 3062: 2729: 2727: 2725: 2723: 2721: 2719: 2717: 2715: 2713: 2711: 2488:, a broad, wide and flat muscle of the neck. 1732:Reconstruction of ancient platypus relative 1301:The platypus is no longer found in the main 1029:glands of the male, which are kidney-shaped 8059: 6830:. Foundation Expo '88. 1988. Archived from 6728:The Management of Wild Mammals in Captivity 6251: 6249: 6247: 5301:Stannard, Hayley J.; Old, Julie M. (2023). 5300: 5131:Hughes, R. L.; Hall, L. S. (28 July 1998). 4474: 4452:"Wamsley walks away from Earth Sanctuaries" 4344:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 4229:. Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin. 4157:(5th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 3876: 3874: 3872: 3870: 3592: 3336: 3334: 3125:Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879). 2640: 2638: 2636: 2634: 2632: 2630: 1491:has no functional organs and relies on the 742: 501:The unusual appearance of this egg-laying, 9984: 9970: 7398: 7384: 7346:Biodiversity Heritage Library bibliography 7172: 6350: 4870:: Metabolic Effort Associated with Rowing" 3553: 3245:. Animal.discovery.com. 16 November 2011. 3243:"Platypus: Facts, Pictures: Animal Planet" 3124: 2644: 2342:, Expo Oz the platypus was the mascot for 2205:. The leading figure in these efforts was 524:. It is culturally significant to several 520:, and a recognisable and iconic symbol of 294: 140: 113: 7016:"'Phineas' star Perry makes mark on auds" 6882:. Royal Australian Mint. 8 January 2016. 6550: 6116: 6106: 6055:"Platypus Sex 'Master Switch' Identified" 5831: 5822: 5718: 5636: 5626: 5533: 5477: 5447: 5445: 5443: 5355: 5345: 5212: 5156: 5065:Anna Bess Sorin & Phil Myers (2001). 4964: 4923: 4921: 4829: 4827: 4825: 4774: 4394:ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) 4383: 4381: 4196: 4125: 4076: 4014: 3965: 3901: 3880: 3737: 3536: 3526: 3469: 3314: 3272:. Angus & Robertson. pp. 27–28. 3226: 2783: 2708: 2534: 2011:in 2021, together with the genome of the 1932:Because of the early divergence from the 1904:(around 2.5 million years ago), when the 1704: – still endure. In 1947, 874:In addition to laying eggs, the anatomy, 688:in 1800 (from a specimen given to him by 7481: 6771: 6769: 6637: 6244: 6146:Australasian Legal Information Institute 6133: 5881: 5601:Phillips MJ; Bennett TH; Lee MS (2009). 5594: 4866:"Energetics of Swimming by the Platypus 4745:Grant, T.G.; Temple-Smith, P.D. (1998). 4566: 4564: 3867: 3375:. Davidson College. 1999. Archived from 3349:. University of Tasmania. Archived from 3331: 2995: 2993: 2991: 2989: 2627: 2567:Global Biodiversity Information Facility 2104:, due to a combination of extraction of 1923: 1727: 1442: 1217: 1206: 1048: 992: 7014:Littleton, Cynthia (20 November 2009). 6057:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 5029: 5027: 4751:): historical and current perspectives" 4717:. Iowa State University. Archived from 4489:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 4458:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 4219: 4142: 4102:"Receptors in the Bill of the Platypus" 3598: 3207:Anich, Paula Spaeth (15 October 2020). 2987: 2985: 2983: 2981: 2979: 2977: 2975: 2973: 2971: 2969: 2952:. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. 2948:Greek-English Lexicon, Abridged Edition 2282:The platypus has been a subject in the 2186: 1296:SA Department for Environment and Water 1271:created a platypus breeding program in 10514: 7124:Augee, Michael L. (2001). "Platypus". 6468: 6255: 6052: 5837: 5440: 5178: 5176: 4918: 4906:from the original on 26 September 2009 4857: 4822: 4740: 4738: 4736: 4677: 4675: 4673: 4671: 4480: 4387: 4378: 3921:from the original on 28 September 2006 3708:. Rainforest Australia. Archived from 3680:"Platypus venom linked to pain relief" 3451: 3445: 3261: 3137:from the original on 27 September 2023 2884:, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, 2805: 2803: 2759: 2678: 2676: 2587: 2511:Woinarski, J.; Burbidge, A.A. (2016). 2506: 2504: 2397:own a pet bluish-green platypus named 2277: 2142:Humane Society International Australia 2132:, funded by a research grant from the 2058: 1833:found in Cenozoic platypus relatives. 1211:Dentition, as illustrated in Knight's 1053:The platypus has secondarily acquired 576: 10522:IUCN Red List near threatened species 10183: 10182: 9965: 9799: 8890: 8046: 7575: 7417: 7379: 7123: 7007: 6989:"Perry the Platypus" Live at Musi-Cal 6860:from the original on 13 February 2011 6766: 6456:from the original on 26 November 2020 6422:from the original on 28 November 2020 5982:from the original on 21 November 2015 5887: 5856: 5792: 5790: 5788: 5786: 5747:"New data on the Paleocene monotreme 5740: 5738: 5499: 5497: 5309:from the original on 10 November 2023 5067:"Family Ornithorhynchidae (platypus)" 4708: 4706: 4704: 4656:Peter de Kruijff (14 February 2024). 4561: 4449: 4418: 4400:from the original on 26 November 2020 3828: 3733: 3731: 3729: 3727: 3627: 3562: 3418: 3206: 3158:"ADW: Ornithorhynchidae: INFORMATION" 2856:from the original on 10 November 2015 2844: 2842: 2840: 2838: 2836: 2834: 2832: 2747:from the original on 28 November 2020 2260: 2160:Platypuses generally suffer from few 2023: 1751:-aged strata. The extinct monotremes 1171:plays a more important role than the 1064:are the only mammals (apart from the 1033:connected by a thin-walled duct to a 573:and declining numbers in all states. 10499:572D025B-A6A8-4960-BC2F-623FA4F51496 10094:Attenborough's long-beaked echidna ( 7028:from the original on 2 December 2009 6938:from the original on 26 January 2021 6912:from the original on 25 January 2021 6302:from the original on 5 November 2020 6292:Species Profile and Threats Database 5124: 5024: 4946:from the original on 25 October 2018 4791: 4623: 4543:Department for Environment and Water 4462:from the original on 12 October 2020 4431:from the original on 12 October 2020 4352: 4326:from the original on 5 November 2020 3770:Evolution of platypus venom revealed 3750:from the original on 20 October 2008 3682:. University of Sydney. 8 May 2008. 3391: 3286: 3164:from the original on 17 January 2022 2966: 2765: 2297:According to one story of the upper 2046:National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972 1203:Distribution, ecology, and behaviour 680:. It was independently described as 305:(red – native, yellow – introduced) 7307:Australian Broadcasting Corporation 7065:from the original on 3 October 2019 6996:from the original on 2 January 2021 6950: 6638:Anderson, Erik (22 November 2019). 6524: 6409: 6288:"EPBC Act List of Threatened Fauna" 6256:Wilcox, Christie (29 August 2019). 6178:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 5558: 5173: 5058: 4877:The Journal of Experimental Biology 4802:(Monotremata, Ornithorhynchidae)". 4733: 4668: 4505: 4493:from the original on 7 October 2020 4173:"The sensory world of the platypus" 4153:An Introduction to Animal Behaviour 4149:Manning, A.; Dawkins, M.S. (1998). 3890:The Journal of Experimental Biology 3686:from the original on 21 August 2011 3343:"Current research on the platypus, 3182: 3030: 2852:. Australian Platypus Conservancy. 2800: 2673: 2581: 2522:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2501: 1447:Platypus's nest with eggs (replica) 536:, and is an emblem of the state of 13: 7371:PBS Nature "The Platypus Guardian" 7217:Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia 6886:from the original on 19 March 2021 6754:from the original on 9 August 2023 6222:from the original on 27 March 2023 6153:from the original on 9 August 2023 5783: 5771:from the original on 9 August 2017 5735: 5494: 5372: 5247:from the original on 9 August 2017 5073:from the original on 10 April 2011 4934:(thesis). University of Tasmania. 4701: 4593:from the original on 15 March 2016 4481:Sutton, Malcolm (1 October 2020). 3781: 3724: 3656:. Australian Fauna. Archived from 3452:Graves, Jennifer (10 March 2006). 3365: 3106:from the original on 23 April 2023 2829: 2740:Australian Conservation Foundation 2684:"Platypus Conservation Initiative" 2134:Australian Conservation Foundation 2052:Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988 1292:2019–20 Australian bushfire season 1186: 1044: 583:Plural form of words ending in -us 486:. It is one of the few species of 466:Together with the four species of 14: 10613: 7339: 6968:from the original on 20 June 2018 6880:"Circulating coins: Twenty Cents" 6854:"The Home of Hexley the Platypus" 6683:from the original on 25 July 2020 6587:"Pitter patter – Platypus twins!" 6567:from the original on 23 July 2011 6508:. 31 October 2013. Archived from 6358:"Platypus on brink of extinction" 6326:"Platypus on brink of extinction" 6184:from the original on 4 March 2020 5869:from the original on 21 July 2021 5282:from the original on 4 March 2018 4845:from the original on 8 March 2020 4549:from the original on 21 July 2021 4419:Keogh, Melissa (3 October 2018). 3991:"Sensory receptors in monotremes" 3609:from the original on 16 July 2021 3373:"Thermal Biology of the Platypus" 3249:from the original on 27 July 2011 3075:from the original on 4 April 2023 3044:from the original on 5 March 2012 2999: 2817:from the original on 29 July 2014 2362:and other operating systems from 1829:-lineage, as it retains the same 1013:The venom is composed largely of 122:Platypus swimming in waters near 10577:Extant Miocene first appearances 9782: 9776: 8873: 8867: 8047: 8028: 8021: 7291: 7077: 7040: 6980: 6924: 6898: 6872: 6846: 6820: 6794: 6719: 6711:. 19 August 1957. Archived from 6695: 6665: 6650:from the original on 13 May 2020 6631: 6579: 6434: 6403: 6368: 6338:from the original on 13 May 2020 6280: 6234: 6165: 6073: 6061:from the original on 6 July 2016 5896:from the original on 16 May 2008 5888:Selim, Jocelyn (25 April 2005). 5112:from the original on 25 May 2024 4747:"Field biology of the platypus ( 3883:"Electroreception in Monotremes" 3155: 2696:from the original on 19 May 2023 2438: 2422: 2410: 2387:In the American animated series 2030:European settlement of Australia 1944:discovered the platypus has ten 1252:as far north as the base of the 973: 961: 949: 811: 799: 787: 421:), sometimes referred to as the 165: 45: 10582:Quaternary animals of Australia 8891: 7047:Jackson, John (31 March 2009). 6934:. Australia Post Collectables. 6908:. Australia Post Collectables. 6046: 5994: 5960: 5908: 5850: 5653: 5321: 5294: 5259: 5229: 5085: 5005: 4958: 4713:Cromer, Erica (14 April 2004). 4649: 4617:Australian Platypus Conservancy 4605: 4531: 4443: 4412: 4307: 4264: 4223:(2004). "The Duckbill's Tale". 4093: 3982: 3933: 3858: 3762: 3698: 3672: 3646: 3621: 3494: 3295:Journal of Experimental Biology 3235: 3200: 3176: 3149: 3118: 3087: 3056: 2937: 2914: 2891: 2868: 2478: 2018: 1510:Most mammal zygotes go through 1438: 9800: 6730:. University of Chicago Press. 6563:. Catalyst. 13 November 2003. 6410:Cox, Lisa (23 November 2020). 5664:. Auscipub. pp. 523–550. 5568:Journal of Mammalian Evolution 5095:Medicine of Australian Mammals 4971:The Journal of Applied Ecology 4388:Sutton, Malcolm (3 May 2017). 4118:10.1113/jphysiol.1988.sp017124 2550: 1942:Australian National University 1743:period, though a limb bone of 1518:like the platypus, along with 823: 1: 10587:Quaternary animals of Oceania 10112:Western long-beaked echidna ( 10103:Eastern long-beaked echidna ( 7276:(3rd ed.). New Holland. 7197:The Biology of the Monotremes 7176:The platypus: a unique mammal 7112: 6450:University of New South Wales 6322:University of New South Wales 6241:10.1080/14486563.2010.9725246 5824:10.1080/03115518.2024.2348753 5758:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 5711:10.1080/03115518.2016.1180034 5040:Australian Journal of Zoology 4804:Australian Journal of Zoology 4513:"Research on Kangaroo Island" 4450:Adams, Prue (27 March 2005). 3427:Australian Journal of Zoology 3400:Australian Journal of Zoology 3196:– via Internet Archive. 2766:Hall, Brian K. (March 1999). 2689:University of New South Wales 2138:World Wildlife Fund Australia 2130:University of New South Wales 2098:University of New South Wales 591:and sketch were sent back to 490:, as the male platypus has a 463:appear in the fossil record. 7576: 7405: 7357:(archived 10 September 2019) 7053:is the Best Kids Show on TV" 6703:"Animals: End of the Affair" 6532:"David Fleay's achievements" 6397:10.1016/j.biocon.2019.108399 5607:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A 5419:. Harvard University Press. 4928:Philip Bethge (April 2002). 3836:"The venom of the platypus ( 3768:Weimann, Anya (4 July 2007) 3528:10.1371/journal.pone.0059146 2494: 2484:The same root gives rise to 2472: 2338:along with an echidna and a 2232: 2194:National Geographic Magazine 1538: 1499:appears. At first, European 1313:although it is found in the 1305:, possibly due to declining 1288:Flinders Chase National Park 1147:(ear side) concentration of 863:The platypus has an average 752: 728: 652: 640: 628: 7: 10567:Mammals of Victoria (state) 6502:"Fantastic Fleay turns 20!" 6053:Salleh, Anna (5 May 2014). 5978:(8): i–ix, 935–1027. 2009. 4631:"Platypus in Country Areas" 3881:Pettigrew, John D. (1999). 3133:. Perseus Digital Library. 3102:. Perseus Digital Library. 3071:. Perseus Digital Library. 2655:The Naturalist's Miscellany 2647:"The Duck-Billed Platypus, 2450: 2336:Sydney 2000 summer Olympics 2312:people, who live along the 1912:, colonized Australia from 1213:Sketches in Natural History 1068:) known to have a sense of 534:Australian twenty-cent coin 10: 10618: 10602:Symbols of New South Wales 10557:Mammals of South Australia 10547:Mammals of New South Wales 7194:Griffiths, Mervyn (1978). 7102:10.1515/mammalia-2020-0027 6204:"Platypus Risk Assessment" 6108:10.1038/s41586-020-03039-0 5749:Monotrematum sudamericanum 3794:Journal of Neurophysiology 3471:10.1016/j.cell.2006.02.024 3228:10.1515/mammalia-2020-0027 2768:"The Paradoxical Platypus" 2445:9d postage stamp from 1937 2368:Since the introduction of 2155: 2136:in collaboration with the 2079:lists the platypus on its 1783:is thought to be about 110 1161:lateral geniculate nucleus 986: 940:food-grinding pads called 757: 733: 657: 645: 633: 580: 18: 10597:Taxa named by George Shaw 10592:Mammals described in 1799 10455: 10191: 10165: 10128: 10074: 10050: 10033: 10001: 9885: 9810: 9806: 9795: 9773: 9730: 9701: 9683: 9674: 9526: 9515: 9462: 9325: 9314: 9266: 9214: 9120: 9108: 8977: 8919: 8907: 8903: 8899: 8886: 8864: 8834: 8720: 8662: 8646: 8637: 8592: 8547: 8446: 8415: 8385: 8319: 8070: 8055: 8042: 8018: 7996: 7963: 7908: 7845: 7827: 7818: 7787: 7756: 7717: 7708: 7665: 7635: 7598: 7584: 7571: 7535: 7517: 7508: 7490: 7477: 7413: 6747:The Advertiser (Adelaide) 6742:"Protecting Wild Animals" 6476:"Platypus Fungal Disease" 6294:. Australian Government. 5890:"Sex, Ys, and Platypuses" 3806:10.1152/jn.2001.85.3.1340 2239:San Diego Zoo Safari Park 1919: 1882:Obdurodon tharalkooschild 1657: 1627: 1620: 1581: 1566: 1559: 1552: 1451:The species has a single 1282:There is a population on 743: 682:Ornithorhynchus paradoxus 650:'broad, wide, flat') and 599:, the second Governor of 328:Ornithorhynchus paradoxus 316: 309: 302: 293: 274: 267: 162:Scientific classification 160: 138: 129: 121: 112: 30: 21:Platypus (disambiguation) 10542:Electroreceptive animals 10263:ornithorhynchus-anatinus 10250:Ornithorhynchus_anatinus 10237:Ornithorhynchus_anatinus 10223:Ornithorhynchus anatinus 10193:Ornithorhynchus anatinus 7350:Ornithorhynchus anatinus 7152:Fleay, David H. (1980). 7117: 7086:Ornithorhynchus anatinus 6726:Lee S. Crandall (1964). 5187:Ornithorhynchus anatinus 5036:Ornithorhynchus anatinus 4967:Ornithorhynchus anatinus 4868:Ornithorhynchus anatinus 4800:Ornithorhynchus anatinus 4749:Ornithorhynchus anatinus 4575:Ornithorhynchus anatinus 3838:Ornithorhynchus anatinus 3790:Ornithorhynchus anatinus 3345:Ornithorhynchus anatinus 2926:27 February 2021 at the 2903:25 February 2021 at the 2880:25 February 2021 at the 2560:Ornithorhynchus anatinus 2515:Ornithorhynchus anatinus 2265: 982: 720:Ornithorhynchus anatinus 698:Ornithorhynchus anatinus 470:, it is one of the five 418:Ornithorhynchus anatinus 278:Ornithorhynchus anatinus 7133:Burrell, Harry (1974). 7126:World Book Encyclopedia 6780:. Libraries Unlimited. 6677:animals.sandiegozoo.org 6377:Biological Conservation 5628:10.1073/pnas.0904649106 5580:10.1023/A:1020523120739 4889:10.1242/jeb.200.20.2647 3903:10.1242/jeb.202.10.1447 3160:. Animaldiversity.org. 3100:A Greek-English Lexicon 3069:A Greek-English Lexicon 2932:A Greek-English Lexicon 2909:A Greek-English Lexicon 2886:A Greek-English Lexicon 1406: 1309:from land clearing and 1267:in 1975. In the 1980s, 1228:Swimming underwater at 1136:, unlike most mammals. 1128:or Northern Hemisphere 1119: 1097:Penfield homunculus map 609:Naturalist's Miscellany 553:near-threatened species 10084:(Long-beaked echidnas) 10062:Short-beaked echidna ( 7330:. 2000. Archived from 7137:. Adelaide SA: Rigby. 6962:The Hollywood Reporter 6828:"About World Expo '88" 5857:Mihai, Andrei (2013). 5470:10.1098/rstb.1998.0278 5205:10.1098/rstb.1998.0270 5149:10.1098/rstb.1998.0269 4767:10.1098/rstb.1998.0267 4259:10.1126/sciadv.1601329 4189:10.1098/rstb.1998.0276 4007:10.1098/rstb.1998.0275 3958:10.1098/rspb.2011.1127 2811:"Duck-billed Platypus" 2599:; Reeder, D.M (eds.). 2354:operating system, the 2288:Aboriginal Australians 2271:Aboriginal Australians 2181:University of Tasmania 2170:. The disease (termed 1929: 1908:, a large semiaquatic 1871:, known from the late 1736: 1713:and placental groups. 1448: 1356:. The introduction of 1233: 1215: 1167:, suggesting that the 1157:cortical magnification 1149:retinal ganglion cells 1058: 998: 928:(one premolar and two 818:Colour print from 1863 773: 767: 766:is derived from Latin 762:'snout', 'beak'). Its 10552:Mammals of Queensland 10440:Paleobiology Database 6750:. 27 September 1912. 5266:Myers, P. Z. (2008). 5241:The Puzzling Platypus 4579:Hydromus chrysogaster 4577:) and the water rat ( 4273:Journal of Morphology 4106:Journal of Physiology 3307:10.1242/jeb.204.4.797 2850:"Platypus facts file" 2529:: e.T40488A21964009. 2318:connection to country 2199:Healesville Sanctuary 1927: 1819:and the more derived 1731: 1446: 1227: 1210: 1052: 996: 782:(Ornithorhynchidae). 750:'bird') and the word 459:, though a number of 9872:Saint Bathans Mammal 7334:on 28 February 2013. 7273:Mammals of Australia 6452:. 23 November 2020. 5380:"Egg-laying mammals" 5305:. The Conversation. 5098:. Csiro Publishing. 4940:10.25959/23210588.v1 4637:on 17 September 2016 3896:(Part 10): 1447–54. 3038:"Platypus Paradoxes" 2813:. Museum of hoaxes. 2743:. 23 November 2020. 2346:, which was held in 2187:Wildlife sanctuaries 2150:Murray–Darling basin 2055:on 10 January 2021. 2013:short-beaked echidna 1706:William King Gregory 1505:William Hay Caldwell 1303:Murray–Darling Basin 1246:tropical rainforests 1177:short-beaked echidna 726:from the Greek root 718:The scientific name 692:) and following the 518:evolutionary biology 423:duck-billed platypus 124:Scottsdale, Tasmania 19:For other uses, see 10562:Mammals of Tasmania 10537:Semiaquatic mammals 7299:"Southern Exposure" 7173:Grant, Tom (1995). 7158:. Jacaranda Press. 6834:on 19 December 2013 6389:2020BCons.24208399B 6324:(21 January 2020). 6262:National Geographic 6099:2021Natur.592..756Z 6024:10.1038/nature13151 6016:2014Natur.508..488C 5938:10.1038/nature03021 5930:2004Natur.432..913G 5815:2024Alch...48..319F 5703:2016Alch...40..475R 5619:2009PNAS..10617089P 5518:2002Natur.416..165R 5014:National Geographic 4983:1993JApEc..30..592K 4586:. CSIRO Australia. 4183:(1372): 1199–1210. 4069:10.1038/nature06936 4061:2008Natur.453..175W 4001:(1372): 1187–1198. 3519:2013PLoSO...859146H 2661:(CXVIII): 385–386. 2593:"Order Monotremata" 2429:Early 20th-century 2278:Cultural references 2059:Habitat destruction 1725:million years ago. 1463:The female has two 1273:Warrawong Sanctuary 1254:Cape York Peninsula 1181:long-beaked echidna 772:('duck-like') from 597:Captain John Hunter 577:Taxonomy and naming 571:habitat destruction 478:, mammals that lay 380:MacGillivray, 1827 132:Conservation status 9317:Prototribosphenida 7820:Ornithorhynchoidea 7670:Ausktribosphenidae 7200:. Academic Press. 7049:"Five Reasons Why 6512:on 9 November 2018 6268:on 12 October 2020 5347:10.7717/peerj.9335 4689:on 21 October 2009 4613:"Platypus burrows" 4285:10.1002/jmor.10959 3846:on 1 February 2012 3654:"Australian Fauna" 3131:A Latin Dictionary 3009:Fauna of Australia 2467:Fauna of Australia 2261:Human interactions 2024:Status and threats 1930: 1771:was discovered in 1737: 1520:reptiles and birds 1449: 1411:The platypus is a 1234: 1216: 1087:is in the tactile 1059: 999: 563:under the federal 561:threatened species 526:Aboriginal peoples 336:O. novaehollandiae 10527:Ornithorhynchidae 10509: 10508: 10457:Platypus anatinus 10427:Open Tree of Life 10185:Taxon identifiers 10176: 10175: 10161: 10160: 10130:Ornithorhynchidae 10124: 10123: 10087: 10044: 9996:species by family 9959: 9958: 9955: 9954: 9951: 9950: 9791: 9790: 9771: 9770: 9767: 9766: 9763: 9762: 9759: 9758: 9310: 9309: 9262: 9261: 9104: 9103: 8882: 8881: 8862: 8861: 8858: 8857: 8854: 8853: 8811:Symmetrodontoides 8667:Zhangheotheriidae 8038: 8037: 8016: 8015: 7986:multituberculates 7959: 7958: 7955: 7954: 7847:Ornithorhynchidae 7704: 7703: 7567: 7566: 7563: 7562: 7559: 7558: 7555: 7554: 7283:978-1-877069-25-3 7262:978-0-8018-8052-0 7247:Moyal, Ann Mozley 7207:978-0-12-303850-0 7186:978-0-86840-143-0 7165:978-0-7016-1364-8 7144:978-0-85179-521-8 6992:, 9 August 2016, 6644:KPBS Public Media 6593:on 28 August 2018 6538:on 2 October 2006 6093:(7856): 756–762. 6010:(7497): 488–493. 5972:Reprod Fertil Dev 5924:(7019): 913–917. 5464:(1372): 1221–37. 5426:978-0-674-02183-9 5199:(1372): 1115–25. 5143:(1372): 1101–14. 5105:978-0-643-09797-1 5052:10.1071/ZO9830881 4839:dpipwe.tas.gov.au 4816:10.1071/ZO9950091 4761:(1372): 1081–91. 4366:on 9 October 2006 4236:978-0-618-00583-3 4055:(7192): 175–183. 3952:(1729): 663–668. 3744:Protein Spotlight 3740:"Platypus poison" 3706:"Platypus poison" 3639:978-0-801-89668-2 3585:978-0-313-33922-6 3439:10.1071/ZO9790511 3412:10.1071/ZO9880573 3353:on 30 August 2006 3279:978-0-207-14454-7 2959:978-0-19-910207-5 2649:Platypus anatinus 2612:978-0-8018-8221-0 2325:cultural identity 2167:Mucor amphibiorum 1928:Platypus skeleton 1698: 1697: 1688: 1687: 1679: 1678: 1670: 1669: 1594: 1593: 1225: 913:, the bones show 886:and bird/reptile 869:placental mammals 694:rules of priority 686:Johann Blumenbach 668:Platypus anatinus 545:protected species 450:Ornithorhynchidae 435:eastern Australia 409: 408: 403: 392: 381: 373: 362: 354: 343: 332: 331:Blumenbach, 1800 324: 320:Platypus anatinus 249: 229:Ornithorhynchidae 155: 16:Species of mammal 10609: 10572:Venomous mammals 10502: 10501: 10489: 10488: 10476: 10475: 10474: 10448: 10447: 10435: 10434: 10422: 10421: 10409: 10408: 10396: 10395: 10383: 10382: 10370: 10369: 10357: 10356: 10344: 10343: 10331: 10330: 10318: 10317: 10305: 10304: 10292: 10291: 10279: 10278: 10266: 10265: 10253: 10252: 10240: 10239: 10227: 10226: 10225: 10212: 10211: 10210: 10180: 10179: 10135: 10134: 10096:Z. attenboroughi 10086: 10085: 10081: 10048: 10047: 10043: 10042: 10038: 10025:Australosphenida 9986: 9979: 9972: 9963: 9962: 9863: 9853: 9843: 9833: 9823: 9808: 9807: 9797: 9796: 9786: 9781: 9780: 9689: 9681: 9680: 9662: 9652: 9642: 9632: 9622: 9612: 9602: 9592: 9582: 9572: 9562: 9552: 9542: 9532: 9524: 9523: 9505:Tendagurutherium 9465: 9442: 9432: 9422: 9412: 9402: 9392: 9382: 9371: 9361: 9351: 9341: 9331: 9323: 9322: 9269: 9133:Austrotriconodon 9118: 9117: 9111: 9088:Portopinheirodon 8940:Drescheratherium 8917: 8916: 8910: 8905: 8904: 8901: 8900: 8888: 8887: 8877: 8872: 8871: 8804:Spalacotheroides 8790:Spalacotheridium 8725:Spalacotheriidae 8723: 8665: 8644: 8643: 8595: 8550: 8449: 8418: 8388: 8324:Gobiconodontidae 8322: 8298: 8288: 8278: 8268: 8258: 8248: 8238: 8228: 8218: 8208: 8198: 8188: 8178: 8168: 8157: 8146: 8136: 8126: 8116: 8106: 8096: 8086: 8076: 8068: 8067: 8057: 8056: 8044: 8043: 8033: 8032: 8026: 8025: 7966: 7929: 7919: 7895: 7878: 7867: 7856: 7833: 7825: 7824: 7790: 7759: 7720: 7715: 7714: 7679:Ausktribosphenos 7668: 7638: 7617:Tendagurutherium 7614: 7604: 7596: 7595: 7590:Australosphenida 7586: 7585: 7573: 7572: 7515: 7514: 7488: 7487: 7479: 7478: 7472: 7471: 7415: 7414: 7400: 7393: 7386: 7377: 7376: 7335: 7328:Eye of the Storm 7314: 7309:. Archived from 7303:Eye of the Storm 7287: 7266: 7242: 7219:. Vol. 12: 7211: 7190: 7169: 7148: 7129: 7106: 7105: 7081: 7075: 7074: 7072: 7070: 7051:Phineas and Ferb 7044: 7038: 7037: 7035: 7033: 7011: 7005: 7004: 7003: 7001: 6984: 6978: 6977: 6975: 6973: 6954: 6948: 6947: 6945: 6943: 6928: 6922: 6921: 6919: 6917: 6902: 6896: 6895: 6893: 6891: 6876: 6870: 6869: 6867: 6865: 6850: 6844: 6843: 6841: 6839: 6824: 6818: 6817: 6815: 6813: 6798: 6792: 6791: 6773: 6764: 6763: 6761: 6759: 6738: 6732: 6731: 6723: 6717: 6716: 6715:on 16 June 2007. 6699: 6693: 6692: 6690: 6688: 6669: 6663: 6662: 6657: 6655: 6635: 6629: 6628: 6626: 6624: 6609: 6603: 6602: 6600: 6598: 6583: 6577: 6576: 6574: 6572: 6557: 6548: 6547: 6545: 6543: 6528: 6522: 6521: 6519: 6517: 6498: 6492: 6491: 6489: 6487: 6472: 6466: 6465: 6463: 6461: 6438: 6432: 6431: 6429: 6427: 6407: 6401: 6400: 6372: 6366: 6365: 6354: 6348: 6347: 6345: 6343: 6318: 6312: 6311: 6309: 6307: 6284: 6278: 6277: 6275: 6273: 6264:. Archived from 6253: 6242: 6238: 6232: 6231: 6229: 6227: 6221: 6208: 6200: 6194: 6193: 6191: 6189: 6169: 6163: 6162: 6160: 6158: 6149:. 10 July 1890. 6137: 6131: 6130: 6120: 6110: 6077: 6071: 6070: 6068: 6066: 6050: 6044: 6043: 5998: 5992: 5991: 5989: 5987: 5964: 5958: 5957: 5912: 5906: 5905: 5903: 5901: 5885: 5879: 5878: 5876: 5874: 5854: 5848: 5847: 5835: 5829: 5828: 5826: 5794: 5781: 5780: 5778: 5776: 5770: 5755: 5742: 5733: 5732: 5722: 5685: 5676: 5675: 5657: 5651: 5650: 5640: 5630: 5613:(40): 17089–94. 5598: 5592: 5591: 5562: 5556: 5555: 5537: 5501: 5492: 5491: 5481: 5449: 5438: 5437: 5435: 5433: 5418: 5408: 5402: 5401: 5399: 5397: 5391: 5384: 5376: 5370: 5369: 5359: 5349: 5325: 5319: 5318: 5316: 5314: 5298: 5292: 5291: 5289: 5287: 5272:Nature Education 5263: 5257: 5256: 5254: 5252: 5243:. 20 July 2001. 5233: 5227: 5226: 5216: 5180: 5171: 5170: 5160: 5128: 5122: 5121: 5119: 5117: 5089: 5083: 5082: 5080: 5078: 5062: 5056: 5055: 5031: 5022: 5021: 5009: 5003: 5002: 4962: 4956: 4955: 4953: 4951: 4925: 4916: 4915: 4913: 4911: 4905: 4874: 4861: 4855: 4854: 4852: 4850: 4831: 4820: 4819: 4795: 4789: 4788: 4778: 4742: 4731: 4730: 4728: 4726: 4721:on 13 March 2009 4710: 4699: 4698: 4696: 4694: 4679: 4666: 4665: 4653: 4647: 4646: 4644: 4642: 4627: 4621: 4620: 4609: 4603: 4602: 4600: 4598: 4592: 4585: 4568: 4559: 4558: 4556: 4554: 4545:. 7 April 2020. 4535: 4529: 4528: 4526: 4524: 4509: 4503: 4502: 4500: 4498: 4478: 4472: 4471: 4469: 4467: 4447: 4441: 4440: 4438: 4436: 4416: 4410: 4409: 4407: 4405: 4385: 4376: 4375: 4373: 4371: 4356: 4350: 4349: 4343: 4335: 4333: 4331: 4311: 4305: 4304: 4268: 4262: 4250: 4241: 4240: 4221:Dawkins, Richard 4217: 4211: 4210: 4200: 4168: 4159: 4158: 4156: 4146: 4140: 4139: 4129: 4097: 4091: 4090: 4080: 4040: 4029: 4028: 4018: 3986: 3980: 3979: 3969: 3937: 3931: 3930: 3928: 3926: 3920: 3905: 3887: 3878: 3865: 3862: 3856: 3855: 3853: 3851: 3842:. Archived from 3832: 3826: 3825: 3785: 3779: 3766: 3760: 3759: 3757: 3755: 3735: 3722: 3721: 3719: 3717: 3702: 3696: 3695: 3693: 3691: 3676: 3670: 3669: 3667: 3665: 3650: 3644: 3643: 3625: 3619: 3618: 3616: 3614: 3599:Haeckel (1895). 3596: 3590: 3589: 3573: 3560: 3551: 3550: 3540: 3530: 3498: 3492: 3491: 3473: 3449: 3443: 3442: 3422: 3416: 3415: 3395: 3389: 3388: 3386: 3384: 3369: 3363: 3362: 3360: 3358: 3338: 3329: 3328: 3318: 3290: 3284: 3283: 3265: 3259: 3258: 3256: 3254: 3239: 3233: 3232: 3230: 3204: 3198: 3197: 3195: 3193: 3183:Collins, David. 3180: 3174: 3173: 3171: 3169: 3153: 3147: 3146: 3144: 3142: 3122: 3116: 3115: 3113: 3111: 3091: 3085: 3084: 3082: 3080: 3060: 3054: 3053: 3051: 3049: 3034: 3028: 3027: 3025: 3023: 3017: 3006: 2997: 2964: 2963: 2951: 2941: 2935: 2918: 2912: 2895: 2889: 2872: 2866: 2865: 2863: 2861: 2846: 2827: 2826: 2824: 2822: 2807: 2798: 2797: 2787: 2763: 2757: 2756: 2754: 2752: 2731: 2706: 2705: 2703: 2701: 2680: 2671: 2670: 2667:10.5962/p.304567 2642: 2625: 2624: 2585: 2579: 2578: 2576: 2574: 2554: 2548: 2547: 2545: 2543: 2538: 2508: 2489: 2482: 2442: 2426: 2414: 2395:title characters 2390:Phineas and Ferb 2370:decimal currency 2329:Second World War 2009: 1888: 1810:, including the 1786: 1724: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1623: 1622: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1562: 1561: 1555: 1554: 1548: 1547: 1543: 1542: 1476: 1475: 1471: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1261:South Australian 1226: 1081:mechanoreceptors 1077:electroreceptors 1070:electroreception 1055:electroreception 977: 965: 953: 865:body temperature 815: 803: 791: 761: 755: 746: 745: 737: 731: 690:Sir Joseph Banks 661: 655: 649: 643: 637: 631: 549:captive-breeding 488:venomous mammals 398: 387: 379: 368: 360: 349: 338: 330: 322: 298: 280: 260:O. anatinus 244: 170: 169: 149: 144: 143: 117: 107: 44: 34:Temporal range: 28: 27: 10617: 10616: 10612: 10611: 10610: 10608: 10607: 10606: 10512: 10511: 10510: 10505: 10497: 10492: 10484: 10479: 10470: 10469: 10464: 10451: 10443: 10438: 10430: 10425: 10417: 10414:Observation.org 10412: 10404: 10399: 10391: 10386: 10378: 10373: 10365: 10360: 10352: 10347: 10339: 10334: 10326: 10321: 10313: 10308: 10300: 10295: 10287: 10282: 10274: 10269: 10261: 10256: 10248: 10243: 10235: 10230: 10221: 10220: 10215: 10206: 10205: 10200: 10187: 10177: 10172: 10157: 10140:Ornithorhynchus 10120: 10083: 10082: 10080: 10070: 10040: 10039: 10037: 10029: 9997: 9990: 9960: 9947: 9881: 9802: 9787: 9775: 9755: 9726: 9697: 9670: 9518: 9517:Tribosphenida / 9511: 9458: 9319: 9306: 9258: 9216:Mesungulatoidea 9210: 9100: 8973: 8895: 8878: 8866: 8850: 8830: 8716: 8711:Zhangheotherium 8658: 8633: 8621:Trishulotherium 8588: 8583:Volaticotherium 8543: 8530:Victoriaconodon 8451:Triconodontidae 8442: 8411: 8381: 8315: 8271:Phascolotherium 8064: 8051: 8034: 8027: 8020: 8012: 7992: 7951: 7904: 7888:Ornithorhynchus 7841: 7814: 7783: 7761:Steropodontidae 7752: 7722:Kollikodontidae 7700: 7661: 7631: 7580: 7551: 7531: 7504: 7473: 7420: 7419: 7409: 7404: 7362:platypus genome 7342: 7322: 7297: 7294: 7284: 7263: 7231: 7208: 7187: 7166: 7145: 7120: 7115: 7110: 7109: 7082: 7078: 7068: 7066: 7045: 7041: 7031: 7029: 7012: 7008: 6999: 6997: 6986: 6985: 6981: 6971: 6969: 6964:. 7 June 2009. 6956: 6955: 6951: 6941: 6939: 6930: 6929: 6925: 6915: 6913: 6904: 6903: 6899: 6889: 6887: 6878: 6877: 6873: 6863: 6861: 6852: 6851: 6847: 6837: 6835: 6826: 6825: 6821: 6811: 6809: 6808:on 21 June 2008 6800: 6799: 6795: 6788: 6774: 6767: 6757: 6755: 6740: 6739: 6735: 6724: 6720: 6701: 6700: 6696: 6686: 6684: 6671: 6670: 6666: 6653: 6651: 6636: 6632: 6622: 6620: 6619:on 4 March 2019 6611: 6610: 6606: 6596: 6594: 6585: 6584: 6580: 6570: 6568: 6559: 6558: 6551: 6541: 6539: 6530: 6529: 6525: 6515: 6513: 6500: 6499: 6495: 6485: 6483: 6482:on 7 March 2008 6474: 6473: 6469: 6459: 6457: 6440: 6439: 6435: 6425: 6423: 6408: 6404: 6373: 6369: 6356: 6355: 6351: 6341: 6339: 6319: 6315: 6305: 6303: 6286: 6285: 6281: 6271: 6269: 6254: 6245: 6239: 6235: 6225: 6223: 6219: 6206: 6202: 6201: 6197: 6187: 6185: 6170: 6166: 6156: 6154: 6141:"Game Act 1890" 6139: 6138: 6134: 6078: 6074: 6064: 6062: 6051: 6047: 5999: 5995: 5985: 5983: 5966: 5965: 5961: 5913: 5909: 5899: 5897: 5886: 5882: 5872: 5870: 5855: 5851: 5836: 5832: 5795: 5784: 5774: 5772: 5768: 5753: 5743: 5736: 5686: 5679: 5672: 5658: 5654: 5599: 5595: 5563: 5559: 5526:10.1038/416165a 5512:(6877): 165–8. 5502: 5495: 5450: 5441: 5431: 5429: 5427: 5409: 5405: 5395: 5393: 5392:on 22 July 2008 5389: 5382: 5378: 5377: 5373: 5326: 5322: 5312: 5310: 5299: 5295: 5285: 5283: 5264: 5260: 5250: 5248: 5237:"Ockhams Razor" 5235: 5234: 5230: 5181: 5174: 5129: 5125: 5115: 5113: 5106: 5090: 5086: 5076: 5074: 5063: 5059: 5032: 5025: 5010: 5006: 4991:10.2307/2404239 4963: 4959: 4949: 4947: 4926: 4919: 4909: 4907: 4903: 4883:(20): 2647–52. 4872: 4862: 4858: 4848: 4846: 4833: 4832: 4823: 4796: 4792: 4743: 4734: 4724: 4722: 4711: 4702: 4692: 4690: 4681: 4680: 4669: 4654: 4650: 4640: 4638: 4629: 4628: 4624: 4619:. 6 March 2024. 4611: 4610: 4606: 4596: 4594: 4590: 4583: 4569: 4562: 4552: 4550: 4537: 4536: 4532: 4522: 4520: 4511: 4510: 4506: 4496: 4494: 4479: 4475: 4465: 4463: 4448: 4444: 4434: 4432: 4417: 4413: 4403: 4401: 4386: 4379: 4369: 4367: 4358: 4357: 4353: 4337: 4336: 4329: 4327: 4320:livescience.com 4312: 4308: 4269: 4265: 4251: 4244: 4237: 4218: 4214: 4169: 4162: 4147: 4143: 4098: 4094: 4041: 4032: 3987: 3983: 3938: 3934: 3924: 3922: 3918: 3885: 3879: 3868: 3863: 3859: 3849: 3847: 3834: 3833: 3829: 3786: 3782: 3767: 3763: 3753: 3751: 3736: 3725: 3715: 3713: 3704: 3703: 3699: 3689: 3687: 3678: 3677: 3673: 3663: 3661: 3652: 3651: 3647: 3640: 3626: 3622: 3612: 3610: 3597: 3593: 3586: 3576:Greenwood Press 3561: 3554: 3499: 3495: 3450: 3446: 3423: 3419: 3396: 3392: 3382: 3380: 3379:on 6 March 2012 3371: 3370: 3366: 3356: 3354: 3339: 3332: 3291: 3287: 3280: 3266: 3262: 3252: 3250: 3241: 3240: 3236: 3205: 3201: 3191: 3189: 3181: 3177: 3167: 3165: 3154: 3150: 3140: 3138: 3123: 3119: 3109: 3107: 3092: 3088: 3078: 3076: 3061: 3057: 3047: 3045: 3036: 3035: 3031: 3021: 3019: 3015: 3004: 2998: 2967: 2960: 2942: 2938: 2928:Wayback Machine 2919: 2915: 2905:Wayback Machine 2896: 2892: 2882:Wayback Machine 2873: 2869: 2859: 2857: 2848: 2847: 2830: 2820: 2818: 2809: 2808: 2801: 2785:10.2307/1313511 2764: 2760: 2750: 2748: 2733: 2732: 2709: 2699: 2697: 2682: 2681: 2674: 2643: 2628: 2613: 2586: 2582: 2572: 2570: 2556: 2555: 2551: 2541: 2539: 2509: 2502: 2497: 2492: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2453: 2446: 2443: 2434: 2427: 2418: 2415: 2358:-based core of 2280: 2268: 2263: 2235: 2189: 2158: 2106:water resources 2085:Near Threatened 2061: 2026: 2021: 2007: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1946:sex chromosomes 1934:therian mammals 1922: 1886: 1800:Late Cretaceous 1795:lacked a beak. 1784: 1773:New South Wales 1745:Ornithorhynchus 1722: 1715:Molecular clock 1689: 1680: 1671: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1595: 1541: 1473: 1469: 1468: 1453:breeding season 1441: 1409: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1326:Mortality rates 1284:Kangaroo Island 1242:Australian Alps 1230:Sydney Aquarium 1218: 1205: 1189: 1187:Biofluorescence 1169:visual midbrain 1126:Pacific hagfish 1122: 1104:signal strength 1093:somatotopic map 1085:cerebral cortex 1047: 1045:Electrolocation 1031:alveolar glands 991: 985: 978: 969: 966: 957: 954: 853:knuckle-walking 845:Tasmanian devil 826: 819: 816: 807: 804: 795: 792: 672:ambrosia beetle 601:New South Wales 585: 579: 538:New South Wales 484:electrolocation 461:related species 457:Ornithorhynchus 443:monotypic taxon 385:O. brevirostris 304: 289: 282: 276: 263: 243: 240:Ornithorhynchus 164: 156: 147:Near Threatened 145: 141: 134: 108: 106: 105: 100: 95: 90: 85: 80: 75: 70: 65: 60: 55: 50: 36: 35: 32: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 10615: 10605: 10604: 10599: 10594: 10589: 10584: 10579: 10574: 10569: 10564: 10559: 10554: 10549: 10544: 10539: 10534: 10529: 10524: 10507: 10506: 10504: 10503: 10490: 10477: 10461: 10459: 10453: 10452: 10450: 10449: 10436: 10423: 10410: 10397: 10384: 10371: 10358: 10345: 10332: 10319: 10306: 10293: 10280: 10267: 10254: 10241: 10228: 10213: 10197: 10195: 10189: 10188: 10174: 10173: 10166: 10163: 10162: 10159: 10158: 10156: 10155: 10145: 10143: 10132: 10126: 10125: 10122: 10121: 10119: 10118: 10109: 10100: 10090: 10088: 10072: 10071: 10069: 10068: 10058: 10056: 10045: 10035:Tachyglossidae 10031: 10030: 10028: 10027: 10021: 10015: 10009: 10002: 9999: 9998: 9989: 9988: 9981: 9974: 9966: 9957: 9956: 9953: 9952: 9949: 9948: 9946: 9945: 9940: 9938:Amphitheriidae 9935: 9930: 9925: 9920: 9915: 9910: 9905: 9903:Eutriconodonta 9900: 9895: 9889: 9887: 9883: 9882: 9880: 9879: 9874: 9869: 9859: 9849: 9839: 9829: 9818: 9816: 9813:Incertae sedis 9804: 9803: 9793: 9792: 9789: 9788: 9774: 9772: 9769: 9768: 9765: 9764: 9761: 9760: 9757: 9756: 9754: 9753: 9752: 9751: 9745: 9736: 9734: 9728: 9727: 9725: 9724: 9723: 9722: 9716: 9707: 9705: 9699: 9698: 9696: 9695: 9684: 9678: 9672: 9671: 9669: 9668: 9658: 9648: 9638: 9628: 9618: 9608: 9598: 9588: 9578: 9568: 9558: 9548: 9545:Argaliatherium 9538: 9527: 9521: 9513: 9512: 9510: 9509: 9501: 9494: 9487: 9480: 9471: 9469: 9460: 9459: 9457: 9456: 9448: 9438: 9428: 9418: 9408: 9398: 9388: 9378: 9374:Brancatherulum 9367: 9357: 9347: 9344:Amphibetulimus 9337: 9326: 9320: 9315: 9312: 9311: 9308: 9307: 9305: 9304: 9297: 9290: 9283: 9275: 9273: 9264: 9263: 9260: 9259: 9257: 9256: 9249: 9246:Peligrotherium 9242: 9235: 9228: 9225:Coloniatherium 9220: 9218: 9212: 9211: 9209: 9208: 9201: 9198:Quirogatherium 9194: 9187: 9180: 9173: 9165: 9161:Groebertherium 9157: 9150: 9143: 9136: 9129: 9121: 9115: 9113:Meridiolestida 9106: 9105: 9102: 9101: 9099: 9098: 9091: 9084: 9077: 9070: 9063: 9055: 9048: 9041: 9034: 9030:Groebertherium 9026: 9019: 9012: 9005: 9002:Anthracolestes 8998: 8991: 8983: 8981: 8975: 8974: 8972: 8971: 8964: 8957: 8954:Henkelotherium 8950: 8943: 8936: 8929: 8925:Brancatherulum 8920: 8914: 8897: 8896: 8884: 8883: 8880: 8879: 8865: 8863: 8860: 8859: 8856: 8855: 8852: 8851: 8849: 8848: 8847: 8846: 8840: 8838: 8832: 8831: 8829: 8828: 8821: 8818:Symmetrolestes 8814: 8807: 8800: 8797:Spalacotherium 8793: 8786: 8779: 8772: 8765: 8758: 8751: 8748:Cifellitherium 8744: 8737: 8729: 8727: 8718: 8717: 8715: 8714: 8707: 8700: 8693: 8686: 8679: 8671: 8669: 8660: 8659: 8657: 8656: 8647: 8641: 8635: 8634: 8632: 8631: 8624: 8617: 8610: 8606:Gobiotheriodon 8601: 8599: 8590: 8589: 8587: 8586: 8579: 8571: 8568:Ichthyoconodon 8564: 8561:Argentoconodon 8556: 8554: 8552:Volaticotheria 8545: 8544: 8542: 8541: 8537:Volaticotheria 8533: 8526: 8519: 8512: 8505: 8498: 8491: 8484: 8477: 8470: 8467:Arundelconodon 8463: 8455: 8453: 8444: 8443: 8441: 8440: 8433: 8425: 8423: 8413: 8412: 8410: 8409: 8402: 8394: 8392: 8390:Jeholodentidae 8383: 8382: 8380: 8379: 8372: 8365: 8358: 8350: 8343: 8336: 8328: 8326: 8317: 8316: 8314: 8313: 8305: 8294: 8284: 8281:Sangarotherium 8274: 8264: 8254: 8244: 8234: 8224: 8214: 8204: 8194: 8184: 8181:Indotriconodon 8174: 8164: 8153: 8142: 8132: 8122: 8112: 8102: 8092: 8082: 8071: 8065: 8060: 8053: 8052: 8040: 8039: 8036: 8035: 8019: 8017: 8014: 8013: 8011: 8010: 8009: 8008: 8002: 8000: 7994: 7993: 7991: 7990: 7989: 7988: 7982: 7973: 7971: 7961: 7960: 7957: 7956: 7953: 7952: 7950: 7949: 7942: 7935: 7925: 7914: 7912: 7910:Tachyglossidae 7906: 7905: 7903: 7902: 7898:Patagorhynchus 7891: 7884: 7874: 7863: 7851: 7849: 7843: 7842: 7840: 7839: 7828: 7822: 7816: 7815: 7813: 7812: 7805: 7796: 7794: 7785: 7784: 7782: 7781: 7774: 7765: 7763: 7754: 7753: 7751: 7750: 7743: 7735: 7727: 7725: 7712: 7706: 7705: 7702: 7701: 7699: 7698: 7690: 7682: 7674: 7672: 7663: 7662: 7660: 7659: 7652: 7644: 7642: 7633: 7632: 7630: 7629: 7621: 7610: 7599: 7593: 7582: 7581: 7569: 7568: 7565: 7564: 7561: 7560: 7557: 7556: 7553: 7552: 7550: 7549: 7548: 7547: 7541: 7539: 7533: 7532: 7530: 7529: 7528: 7527: 7518: 7512: 7506: 7505: 7503: 7502: 7501: 7500: 7491: 7485: 7475: 7474: 7470: 7469: 7467:Mammaliaformes 7460: 7451: 7442: 7433: 7427: 7411: 7410: 7403: 7402: 7395: 7388: 7380: 7374: 7373: 7368: 7358: 7355:Platypus facts 7352: 7341: 7340:External links 7338: 7337: 7336: 7320: 7313:on 7 May 2013. 7293: 7290: 7289: 7288: 7282: 7267: 7261: 7243: 7229: 7212: 7206: 7191: 7185: 7170: 7164: 7149: 7143: 7130: 7119: 7116: 7114: 7111: 7108: 7107: 7096:(2): 179–181. 7076: 7039: 7006: 6979: 6949: 6923: 6897: 6871: 6845: 6819: 6793: 6787:978-1563089237 6786: 6765: 6733: 6718: 6694: 6664: 6630: 6604: 6578: 6549: 6523: 6493: 6467: 6433: 6402: 6367: 6349: 6313: 6279: 6243: 6233: 6195: 6164: 6132: 6072: 6045: 5993: 5959: 5916:chromosomes". 5907: 5880: 5849: 5830: 5809:(2): 319–337. 5782: 5764:(3): 487–492. 5734: 5697:(4): 475–501. 5677: 5671:978-0975779002 5670: 5652: 5593: 5557: 5493: 5439: 5425: 5403: 5371: 5320: 5293: 5258: 5228: 5172: 5123: 5104: 5084: 5057: 5023: 5004: 4957: 4917: 4856: 4821: 4790: 4732: 4700: 4667: 4648: 4622: 4604: 4560: 4530: 4519:on 6 July 2004 4504: 4473: 4442: 4411: 4377: 4351: 4306: 4263: 4242: 4235: 4212: 4160: 4141: 4112:(1): 349–366. 4092: 4030: 3981: 3932: 3866: 3857: 3827: 3780: 3761: 3723: 3712:on 29 May 2010 3697: 3671: 3660:on 29 May 2012 3645: 3638: 3620: 3591: 3584: 3552: 3493: 3464:(5): 901–914. 3444: 3417: 3390: 3364: 3330: 3301:(4): 797–803. 3285: 3278: 3260: 3234: 3221:(2): 179–181. 3199: 3175: 3148: 3117: 3086: 3055: 3029: 3018:on 19 May 2005 2965: 2958: 2936: 2913: 2890: 2867: 2828: 2799: 2758: 2707: 2672: 2626: 2611: 2580: 2549: 2499: 2498: 2496: 2493: 2491: 2490: 2476: 2474: 2471: 2470: 2469: 2464: 2459: 2452: 2449: 2448: 2447: 2444: 2437: 2435: 2428: 2421: 2419: 2416: 2409: 2279: 2276: 2267: 2264: 2262: 2259: 2234: 2231: 2215:Burleigh Heads 2188: 2185: 2157: 2154: 2122:metapopulation 2114:climate change 2060: 2057: 2025: 2022: 2020: 2017: 1996:on the oldest 1985: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1921: 1918: 1885:was dated 5–15 1849:) and the mid- 1842:Patagorhynchus 1831:dental formula 1747:is known from 1702:quasireptilian 1696: 1695: 1691: 1690: 1686: 1685: 1682: 1681: 1677: 1676: 1673: 1672: 1668: 1667: 1664: 1663: 1656: 1641: 1638: 1637: 1634: 1633: 1626: 1621: 1619: 1604: 1601: 1600: 1597: 1596: 1592: 1591: 1588: 1587: 1580: 1577: 1576: 1573: 1572: 1565: 1560: 1558: 1553: 1551: 1546: 1540: 1537: 1528:mammary glands 1440: 1437: 1408: 1405: 1315:Goulburn River 1204: 1201: 1193:biofluorescent 1188: 1185: 1163:, and a large 1121: 1118: 1066:Guiana dolphin 1046: 1043: 989:Platypus venom 987:Main article: 984: 981: 980: 979: 972: 970: 967: 960: 958: 955: 948: 915:osteosclerosis 825: 822: 821: 820: 817: 810: 808: 805: 798: 796: 793: 786: 578: 575: 407: 406: 405: 404: 393: 382: 374: 363: 355: 344: 333: 325: 314: 313: 307: 306: 303:Platypus range 300: 299: 291: 290: 283: 272: 271: 265: 264: 257: 255: 251: 250: 236: 232: 231: 226: 222: 221: 216: 212: 211: 206: 202: 201: 196: 192: 191: 186: 182: 181: 176: 172: 171: 158: 157: 139: 136: 135: 130: 127: 126: 119: 118: 110: 109: 101: 96: 91: 86: 81: 76: 71: 66: 61: 56: 51: 46: 33: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10614: 10603: 10600: 10598: 10595: 10593: 10590: 10588: 10585: 10583: 10580: 10578: 10575: 10573: 10570: 10568: 10565: 10563: 10560: 10558: 10555: 10553: 10550: 10548: 10545: 10543: 10540: 10538: 10535: 10533: 10530: 10528: 10525: 10523: 10520: 10519: 10517: 10500: 10495: 10491: 10487: 10482: 10478: 10473: 10467: 10463: 10462: 10460: 10458: 10454: 10446: 10441: 10437: 10433: 10428: 10424: 10420: 10415: 10411: 10407: 10402: 10398: 10394: 10389: 10385: 10381: 10376: 10372: 10368: 10363: 10359: 10355: 10350: 10346: 10342: 10337: 10333: 10329: 10324: 10320: 10316: 10311: 10307: 10303: 10298: 10294: 10290: 10285: 10281: 10277: 10272: 10268: 10264: 10259: 10255: 10251: 10246: 10242: 10238: 10233: 10229: 10224: 10218: 10214: 10209: 10203: 10199: 10198: 10196: 10194: 10190: 10186: 10181: 10171: 10170: 10164: 10154: 10152: 10147: 10146: 10144: 10142: 10141: 10136: 10133: 10131: 10127: 10117: 10115: 10110: 10108: 10106: 10101: 10099: 10097: 10092: 10091: 10089: 10079: 10078: 10073: 10067: 10065: 10060: 10059: 10057: 10055: 10054: 10049: 10046: 10036: 10032: 10026: 10022: 10020: 10016: 10014: 10010: 10008: 10004: 10003: 10000: 9995: 9987: 9982: 9980: 9975: 9973: 9968: 9967: 9964: 9944: 9941: 9939: 9936: 9934: 9933:Paurodontidae 9931: 9929: 9928:Eupantotheria 9926: 9924: 9923:Symmetrodonta 9921: 9919: 9916: 9914: 9911: 9909: 9908:Amphilestidae 9906: 9904: 9901: 9899: 9896: 9894: 9891: 9890: 9888: 9884: 9878: 9875: 9873: 9870: 9868: 9867: 9860: 9858: 9857: 9850: 9848: 9847: 9840: 9838: 9837: 9836:Chronoperates 9830: 9828: 9827: 9820: 9819: 9817: 9815: 9814: 9809: 9805: 9798: 9794: 9785: 9779: 9750: 9746: 9744: 9740: 9739: 9738: 9737: 9735: 9733: 9729: 9721: 9717: 9715: 9711: 9710: 9709: 9708: 9706: 9704: 9700: 9694: 9693: 9686: 9685: 9682: 9679: 9677: 9673: 9667: 9666: 9665:Tribactonodon 9659: 9657: 9656: 9649: 9647: 9646: 9639: 9637: 9636: 9629: 9627: 9626: 9625:Kielantherium 9619: 9617: 9616: 9609: 9607: 9606: 9599: 9597: 9596: 9589: 9587: 9586: 9585:Holoclemensia 9579: 9577: 9576: 9569: 9567: 9566: 9559: 9557: 9556: 9549: 9547: 9546: 9539: 9537: 9536: 9529: 9528: 9525: 9522: 9520: 9519:Boreosphenida 9514: 9507: 9506: 9502: 9500: 9499: 9495: 9493: 9492: 9488: 9486: 9485: 9481: 9478: 9477: 9473: 9472: 9470: 9468: 9461: 9454: 9453: 9449: 9447: 9446: 9439: 9437: 9436: 9435:Palaeoxonodon 9429: 9427: 9426: 9419: 9417: 9416: 9409: 9407: 9406: 9399: 9397: 9396: 9389: 9387: 9386: 9379: 9376: 9375: 9368: 9366: 9365: 9358: 9356: 9355: 9348: 9346: 9345: 9338: 9336: 9335: 9328: 9327: 9324: 9321: 9318: 9313: 9303: 9302: 9298: 9296: 9295: 9291: 9289: 9288: 9284: 9282: 9281: 9277: 9276: 9274: 9272: 9265: 9255: 9254: 9250: 9248: 9247: 9243: 9241: 9240: 9236: 9234: 9233: 9229: 9227: 9226: 9222: 9221: 9219: 9217: 9213: 9207: 9206: 9205:Solanutherium 9202: 9200: 9199: 9195: 9193: 9192: 9191:Paraungulatum 9188: 9186: 9185: 9181: 9179: 9178: 9174: 9171: 9170: 9166: 9163: 9162: 9158: 9156: 9155: 9151: 9149: 9148: 9144: 9142: 9141: 9137: 9135: 9134: 9130: 9128: 9127: 9123: 9122: 9119: 9116: 9114: 9107: 9097: 9096: 9095:Treslagosodon 9092: 9090: 9089: 9085: 9083: 9082: 9078: 9076: 9075: 9071: 9069: 9068: 9064: 9061: 9060: 9056: 9054: 9053: 9052:Krebsotherium 9049: 9047: 9046: 9042: 9040: 9039: 9035: 9032: 9031: 9027: 9025: 9024: 9020: 9018: 9017: 9013: 9011: 9010: 9006: 9004: 9003: 8999: 8997: 8996: 8992: 8990: 8989: 8985: 8984: 8982: 8980: 8976: 8970: 8969: 8965: 8963: 8962: 8958: 8956: 8955: 8951: 8949: 8948: 8944: 8942: 8941: 8937: 8935: 8934: 8930: 8927: 8926: 8922: 8921: 8918: 8915: 8913: 8906: 8902: 8898: 8894: 8889: 8885: 8876: 8870: 8844: 8843: 8842: 8841: 8839: 8837: 8833: 8827: 8826: 8822: 8820: 8819: 8815: 8813: 8812: 8808: 8806: 8805: 8801: 8799: 8798: 8794: 8792: 8791: 8787: 8785: 8784: 8783:Spalacolestes 8780: 8778: 8777: 8773: 8771: 8770: 8766: 8764: 8763: 8762:Infernolestes 8759: 8757: 8756: 8755:Heishanlestes 8752: 8750: 8749: 8745: 8743: 8742: 8738: 8736: 8735: 8731: 8730: 8728: 8726: 8719: 8713: 8712: 8708: 8706: 8705: 8701: 8699: 8698: 8697:Ningchengodon 8694: 8692: 8691: 8687: 8685: 8684: 8680: 8678: 8677: 8673: 8672: 8670: 8668: 8661: 8654: 8653: 8649: 8648: 8645: 8642: 8640: 8639:Trechnotheria 8636: 8630: 8629: 8625: 8623: 8622: 8618: 8616: 8615: 8611: 8608: 8607: 8603: 8602: 8600: 8598: 8591: 8585: 8584: 8580: 8577: 8576: 8575:Triconolestes 8572: 8570: 8569: 8565: 8563: 8562: 8558: 8557: 8555: 8553: 8546: 8539: 8538: 8534: 8532: 8531: 8527: 8525: 8524: 8520: 8518: 8517: 8513: 8511: 8510: 8506: 8504: 8503: 8499: 8497: 8496: 8492: 8490: 8489: 8485: 8483: 8482: 8478: 8476: 8475: 8471: 8469: 8468: 8464: 8462: 8461: 8457: 8456: 8454: 8452: 8445: 8439: 8438: 8434: 8432: 8431: 8427: 8426: 8424: 8421: 8414: 8408: 8407: 8403: 8401: 8400: 8396: 8395: 8393: 8391: 8384: 8378: 8377: 8373: 8371: 8370: 8366: 8364: 8363: 8359: 8356: 8355: 8354:Huasteconodon 8351: 8349: 8348: 8344: 8342: 8341: 8337: 8335: 8334: 8333:Fuxinoconodon 8330: 8329: 8327: 8325: 8318: 8311: 8310: 8306: 8303: 8302: 8295: 8293: 8292: 8285: 8283: 8282: 8275: 8273: 8272: 8265: 8263: 8262: 8255: 8253: 8252: 8245: 8243: 8242: 8235: 8233: 8232: 8225: 8223: 8222: 8221:Kryptotherium 8215: 8213: 8212: 8205: 8203: 8202: 8195: 8193: 8192: 8185: 8183: 8182: 8175: 8173: 8172: 8165: 8162: 8161: 8154: 8151: 8150: 8143: 8141: 8140: 8133: 8131: 8130: 8123: 8121: 8120: 8119:Chaoyangodens 8113: 8111: 8110: 8103: 8101: 8100: 8093: 8091: 8090: 8083: 8081: 8080: 8073: 8072: 8069: 8066: 8063: 8058: 8054: 8050: 8045: 8041: 8031: 8024: 8006: 8005: 8004: 8003: 8001: 7999: 7995: 7987: 7983: 7981: 7977: 7976: 7975: 7974: 7972: 7969: 7962: 7948: 7947: 7943: 7941: 7940: 7936: 7934: 7933: 7932:Murrayglossus 7926: 7924: 7923: 7922:Megalibgwilia 7916: 7915: 7913: 7911: 7907: 7900: 7899: 7892: 7890: 7889: 7885: 7883: 7882: 7875: 7872: 7871: 7864: 7861: 7860: 7853: 7852: 7850: 7848: 7844: 7838: 7837: 7830: 7829: 7826: 7823: 7821: 7817: 7811: 7810: 7806: 7803: 7802: 7798: 7797: 7795: 7793: 7792:Teinolophidae 7786: 7780: 7779: 7775: 7772: 7771: 7767: 7766: 7764: 7762: 7755: 7749: 7748: 7744: 7741: 7740: 7736: 7734: 7733: 7729: 7728: 7726: 7723: 7716: 7713: 7711: 7707: 7696: 7695: 7691: 7688: 7687: 7683: 7681: 7680: 7676: 7675: 7673: 7671: 7664: 7658: 7657: 7653: 7651: 7650: 7646: 7645: 7643: 7641: 7634: 7627: 7626: 7622: 7619: 7618: 7611: 7609: 7608: 7601: 7600: 7597: 7594: 7591: 7587: 7583: 7579: 7574: 7570: 7545: 7544: 7543: 7542: 7540: 7538: 7534: 7526: 7522: 7521: 7520: 7519: 7516: 7513: 7511: 7507: 7499: 7495: 7494: 7493: 7492: 7489: 7486: 7484: 7480: 7476: 7468: 7464: 7461: 7459: 7455: 7452: 7450: 7446: 7443: 7441: 7437: 7434: 7432: 7428: 7426: 7422: 7421: 7416: 7412: 7408: 7401: 7396: 7394: 7389: 7387: 7382: 7381: 7378: 7372: 7369: 7367: 7363: 7359: 7356: 7353: 7351: 7347: 7344: 7343: 7333: 7329: 7325: 7321: 7319:9398710245592 7318: 7312: 7308: 7304: 7300: 7296: 7295: 7292:Documentaries 7285: 7279: 7275: 7274: 7268: 7264: 7258: 7254: 7253: 7248: 7244: 7240: 7236: 7232: 7230:9780787657772 7226: 7222: 7218: 7213: 7209: 7203: 7199: 7198: 7192: 7188: 7182: 7178: 7177: 7171: 7167: 7161: 7157: 7156: 7150: 7146: 7140: 7136: 7131: 7127: 7122: 7121: 7103: 7099: 7095: 7091: 7087: 7080: 7064: 7060: 7059: 7054: 7052: 7043: 7027: 7023: 7022: 7017: 7010: 6995: 6991: 6990: 6983: 6967: 6963: 6959: 6953: 6937: 6933: 6927: 6911: 6907: 6901: 6885: 6881: 6875: 6859: 6855: 6849: 6833: 6829: 6823: 6807: 6803: 6797: 6789: 6783: 6779: 6772: 6770: 6753: 6749: 6748: 6743: 6737: 6729: 6722: 6714: 6710: 6709: 6704: 6698: 6682: 6678: 6674: 6668: 6661: 6649: 6645: 6641: 6634: 6618: 6614: 6608: 6592: 6588: 6582: 6566: 6562: 6556: 6554: 6537: 6533: 6527: 6511: 6507: 6506:Zoos Victoria 6503: 6497: 6481: 6477: 6471: 6455: 6451: 6447: 6446:UNSW Newsroom 6443: 6437: 6421: 6417: 6413: 6406: 6398: 6394: 6390: 6386: 6382: 6378: 6371: 6363: 6359: 6353: 6337: 6333: 6332: 6327: 6323: 6317: 6301: 6297: 6293: 6289: 6283: 6267: 6263: 6259: 6252: 6250: 6248: 6237: 6218: 6214: 6213: 6205: 6199: 6183: 6179: 6175: 6168: 6152: 6148: 6147: 6142: 6136: 6128: 6124: 6119: 6114: 6109: 6104: 6100: 6096: 6092: 6088: 6084: 6076: 6060: 6056: 6049: 6041: 6037: 6033: 6029: 6025: 6021: 6017: 6013: 6009: 6005: 5997: 5981: 5977: 5973: 5969: 5963: 5955: 5951: 5947: 5943: 5939: 5935: 5931: 5927: 5923: 5919: 5911: 5895: 5891: 5884: 5868: 5864: 5860: 5853: 5845: 5841: 5834: 5825: 5820: 5816: 5812: 5808: 5804: 5800: 5793: 5791: 5789: 5787: 5767: 5763: 5759: 5752: 5750: 5741: 5739: 5730: 5726: 5721: 5716: 5712: 5708: 5704: 5700: 5696: 5692: 5684: 5682: 5673: 5667: 5663: 5656: 5648: 5644: 5639: 5634: 5629: 5624: 5620: 5616: 5612: 5608: 5604: 5597: 5589: 5585: 5581: 5577: 5574:(1): 95–105. 5573: 5569: 5561: 5553: 5549: 5545: 5541: 5536: 5531: 5527: 5523: 5519: 5515: 5511: 5507: 5500: 5498: 5489: 5485: 5480: 5475: 5471: 5467: 5463: 5459: 5455: 5448: 5446: 5444: 5428: 5422: 5417: 5416: 5407: 5388: 5381: 5375: 5367: 5363: 5358: 5353: 5348: 5343: 5339: 5335: 5331: 5324: 5308: 5304: 5297: 5281: 5278:(1): 462008. 5277: 5273: 5269: 5262: 5246: 5242: 5238: 5232: 5224: 5220: 5215: 5210: 5206: 5202: 5198: 5194: 5190: 5188: 5179: 5177: 5168: 5164: 5159: 5154: 5150: 5146: 5142: 5138: 5134: 5127: 5111: 5107: 5101: 5097: 5096: 5088: 5072: 5068: 5061: 5053: 5049: 5045: 5041: 5037: 5030: 5028: 5019: 5015: 5008: 5000: 4996: 4992: 4988: 4984: 4980: 4976: 4972: 4968: 4961: 4945: 4941: 4937: 4933: 4932: 4924: 4922: 4902: 4898: 4894: 4890: 4886: 4882: 4878: 4871: 4869: 4860: 4844: 4840: 4836: 4830: 4828: 4826: 4817: 4813: 4810:(1): 91–103. 4809: 4805: 4801: 4794: 4786: 4782: 4777: 4772: 4768: 4764: 4760: 4756: 4752: 4750: 4741: 4739: 4737: 4720: 4716: 4709: 4707: 4705: 4688: 4684: 4678: 4676: 4674: 4672: 4663: 4659: 4652: 4636: 4632: 4626: 4618: 4614: 4608: 4589: 4582: 4580: 4576: 4567: 4565: 4548: 4544: 4540: 4534: 4518: 4514: 4508: 4492: 4488: 4484: 4477: 4461: 4457: 4453: 4446: 4430: 4426: 4422: 4415: 4399: 4395: 4391: 4384: 4382: 4365: 4361: 4355: 4347: 4341: 4325: 4321: 4317: 4310: 4302: 4298: 4294: 4290: 4286: 4282: 4279:(8): 949–57. 4278: 4274: 4267: 4260: 4256: 4249: 4247: 4238: 4232: 4228: 4227: 4222: 4216: 4208: 4204: 4199: 4194: 4190: 4186: 4182: 4178: 4174: 4167: 4165: 4155: 4154: 4145: 4137: 4133: 4128: 4123: 4119: 4115: 4111: 4107: 4103: 4096: 4088: 4084: 4079: 4074: 4070: 4066: 4062: 4058: 4054: 4050: 4046: 4039: 4037: 4035: 4026: 4022: 4017: 4012: 4008: 4004: 4000: 3996: 3992: 3985: 3977: 3973: 3968: 3963: 3959: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3943: 3936: 3917: 3913: 3909: 3904: 3899: 3895: 3891: 3884: 3877: 3875: 3873: 3871: 3861: 3845: 3841: 3839: 3831: 3823: 3819: 3815: 3811: 3807: 3803: 3800:(3): 1340–5. 3799: 3795: 3791: 3784: 3777: 3776: 3771: 3765: 3749: 3745: 3741: 3734: 3732: 3730: 3728: 3711: 3707: 3701: 3685: 3681: 3675: 3659: 3655: 3649: 3641: 3635: 3631: 3624: 3608: 3604: 3603: 3595: 3587: 3581: 3577: 3572: 3571: 3565: 3559: 3557: 3548: 3544: 3539: 3534: 3529: 3524: 3520: 3516: 3513:(4): e59146. 3512: 3508: 3504: 3497: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3472: 3467: 3463: 3459: 3455: 3448: 3440: 3436: 3432: 3428: 3421: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3394: 3378: 3374: 3368: 3352: 3348: 3346: 3337: 3335: 3326: 3322: 3317: 3312: 3308: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3289: 3281: 3275: 3271: 3264: 3248: 3244: 3238: 3229: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3215: 3210: 3203: 3188: 3187: 3179: 3163: 3159: 3152: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3121: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3090: 3074: 3070: 3066: 3059: 3043: 3039: 3033: 3014: 3010: 3003: 2996: 2994: 2992: 2990: 2988: 2986: 2984: 2982: 2980: 2978: 2976: 2974: 2972: 2970: 2961: 2955: 2950: 2949: 2940: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2922: 2917: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2899: 2894: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2876: 2871: 2855: 2851: 2845: 2843: 2841: 2839: 2837: 2835: 2833: 2816: 2812: 2806: 2804: 2795: 2791: 2786: 2781: 2777: 2773: 2769: 2762: 2746: 2742: 2741: 2736: 2730: 2728: 2726: 2724: 2722: 2720: 2718: 2716: 2714: 2712: 2695: 2691: 2690: 2685: 2679: 2677: 2668: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2650: 2641: 2639: 2637: 2635: 2633: 2631: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2608: 2604: 2603: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2584: 2569: 2568: 2563: 2561: 2553: 2537: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2523: 2518: 2516: 2507: 2505: 2500: 2487: 2481: 2477: 2468: 2465: 2463: 2460: 2458: 2457:Henry Burrell 2455: 2454: 2441: 2436: 2432: 2425: 2420: 2413: 2408: 2407: 2406: 2404: 2403:Dan Povenmire 2400: 2396: 2392: 2391: 2385: 2383: 2379: 2378:Stuart Devlin 2375: 2371: 2366: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2344:World Expo 88 2341: 2337: 2332: 2330: 2326: 2321: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2302: 2300: 2299:Darling River 2295: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2275: 2272: 2258: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2230: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2211:wildlife park 2208: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2195: 2184: 2182: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2168: 2163: 2153: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2126: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2110:land clearing 2107: 2103: 2099: 2094: 2092: 2091: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2056: 2054: 2053: 2048: 2047: 2042: 2037: 2035: 2031: 2016: 2014: 2005: 2004: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1926: 1917: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1890: 1884: 1883: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1869: 1864: 1860: 1859:South America 1856: 1852: 1848: 1847:Maastrichtian 1844: 1843: 1838: 1837: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1823: 1818: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1796: 1794: 1790: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1761: 1756: 1755: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1735: 1730: 1726: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1707: 1703: 1693: 1692: 1684: 1683: 1675: 1674: 1666: 1665: 1662: 1661: 1654: 1640: 1639: 1636: 1635: 1632: 1631: 1625: 1624: 1617: 1603: 1602: 1599: 1598: 1590: 1589: 1586: 1585: 1579: 1578: 1575: 1574: 1571: 1570: 1564: 1563: 1557: 1556: 1550: 1549: 1545: 1544: 1536: 1532: 1529: 1523: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1508: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1481: 1466: 1461: 1458: 1454: 1445: 1436: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1423:, freshwater 1422: 1421:insect larvae 1418: 1415:, feeding on 1414: 1404: 1402: 1397: 1377: 1375: 1374:riparian zone 1371: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1322: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1307:water quality 1304: 1299: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1280: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1257: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1231: 1214: 1209: 1200: 1198: 1194: 1184: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1173:visual cortex 1170: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1137: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1117: 1115: 1114: 1108: 1105: 1100: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1089:somatosensory 1086: 1082: 1078: 1073: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1056: 1051: 1042: 1039: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1011: 1009: 1005: 995: 990: 976: 971: 964: 959: 952: 947: 946: 945: 943: 939: 935: 931: 927: 923: 920:The platypus 918: 916: 912: 908: 907:interclavicle 904: 900: 895: 893: 889: 885: 881: 877: 872: 870: 866: 861: 857: 854: 850: 846: 842: 838: 833: 831: 830:David Collins 814: 809: 802: 797: 790: 785: 784: 783: 781: 777: 776: 771: 770: 765: 760: 754: 749: 740: 736: 730: 725: 721: 716: 714: 711: 707: 701: 699: 695: 691: 687: 683: 679: 678: 673: 669: 665: 660: 654: 648: 642: 636: 630: 625: 620: 618: 614: 610: 606: 602: 598: 594: 593:Great Britain 590: 584: 574: 572: 568: 567: 562: 558: 554: 550: 546: 541: 539: 535: 531: 527: 523: 519: 514: 512: 508: 504: 499: 497: 493: 489: 485: 481: 477: 473: 469: 464: 462: 458: 455: 451: 448: 444: 440: 436: 432: 429:, egg-laying 428: 424: 420: 419: 414: 401: 397: 394: 390: 386: 383: 378: 375: 371: 367: 364: 359: 356: 352: 348: 345: 341: 337: 334: 329: 326: 321: 318: 317: 315: 312: 308: 301: 297: 292: 287: 281: 279: 273: 270: 269:Binomial name 266: 262: 261: 256: 253: 252: 247: 242: 241: 237: 234: 233: 230: 227: 224: 223: 220: 217: 214: 213: 210: 207: 204: 203: 200: 197: 194: 193: 190: 187: 184: 183: 180: 177: 174: 173: 168: 163: 159: 153: 148: 137: 133: 128: 125: 120: 116: 111: 104: 99: 94: 89: 84: 79: 74: 69: 64: 59: 54: 49: 43: 39: 29: 26: 22: 10456: 10192: 10167: 10150: 10148: 10139: 10138: 10113: 10104: 10095: 10075: 10064:T. aculeatus 10063: 10053:Tachyglossus 10051: 9913:Theriiformes 9864: 9854: 9844: 9834: 9824: 9811: 9690: 9663: 9653: 9643: 9635:Pappotherium 9633: 9623: 9613: 9603: 9593: 9583: 9573: 9565:Carinalestes 9563: 9553: 9543: 9533: 9503: 9496: 9491:Peramuroides 9489: 9482: 9474: 9450: 9443: 9433: 9423: 9413: 9403: 9393: 9383: 9372: 9362: 9354:Amphitherium 9352: 9342: 9332: 9299: 9292: 9285: 9278: 9271:Donodontidae 9253:Reigitherium 9251: 9244: 9237: 9232:Mesungulatum 9230: 9223: 9203: 9196: 9189: 9182: 9175: 9169:Lakotalestes 9167: 9159: 9152: 9147:Casamiquelia 9145: 9138: 9131: 9124: 9093: 9086: 9081:Phascolestes 9079: 9074:Minutolestes 9072: 9065: 9059:Lakotalestes 9057: 9050: 9043: 9038:Guimarotodus 9036: 9028: 9021: 9014: 9007: 9000: 8995:Amblotherium 8993: 8986: 8979:Dryolestidae 8966: 8959: 8952: 8945: 8938: 8931: 8923: 8823: 8816: 8809: 8802: 8795: 8788: 8781: 8774: 8767: 8760: 8753: 8746: 8739: 8732: 8709: 8702: 8695: 8688: 8681: 8674: 8650: 8626: 8619: 8612: 8604: 8597:Tinodontidae 8581: 8573: 8566: 8559: 8535: 8528: 8521: 8514: 8507: 8500: 8493: 8488:Eotriconodon 8486: 8481:Corviconodon 8479: 8474:Astroconodon 8472: 8465: 8458: 8435: 8428: 8404: 8397: 8374: 8367: 8360: 8352: 8345: 8338: 8331: 8307: 8299: 8291:Tendagurodon 8289: 8279: 8269: 8259: 8249: 8239: 8229: 8219: 8209: 8199: 8189: 8179: 8169: 8160:Fruitafossor 8158: 8147: 8137: 8127: 8117: 8107: 8097: 8087: 8077: 8062:Theriimorpha 8049:Theriimorpha 7998:Theriimorpha 7944: 7939:Tachyglossus 7937: 7930: 7920: 7896: 7887: 7886: 7879: 7870:Monotrematum 7868: 7857: 7834: 7807: 7799: 7776: 7768: 7745: 7737: 7730: 7692: 7684: 7677: 7654: 7649:Asfaltomylos 7647: 7640:Henosferidae 7623: 7615: 7605: 7462: 7453: 7444: 7435: 7349: 7332:the original 7327: 7311:the original 7302: 7272: 7251: 7220: 7216: 7196: 7175: 7154: 7135:The Platypus 7134: 7125: 7093: 7089: 7085: 7079: 7067:. Retrieved 7056: 7050: 7042: 7030:. Retrieved 7019: 7009: 6998:, retrieved 6988: 6982: 6970:. Retrieved 6961: 6952: 6942:12 September 6940:. Retrieved 6926: 6916:12 September 6914:. Retrieved 6900: 6890:12 September 6888:. Retrieved 6874: 6862:. Retrieved 6848: 6836:. Retrieved 6832:the original 6822: 6810:. Retrieved 6806:the original 6796: 6777: 6756:. Retrieved 6745: 6736: 6727: 6721: 6713:the original 6706: 6697: 6685:. Retrieved 6676: 6667: 6659: 6652:. Retrieved 6643: 6633: 6621:. Retrieved 6617:the original 6607: 6595:. Retrieved 6591:the original 6581: 6571:13 September 6569:. Retrieved 6542:13 September 6540:. Retrieved 6536:the original 6526: 6514:. Retrieved 6510:the original 6505: 6496: 6484:. Retrieved 6480:the original 6470: 6458:. Retrieved 6445: 6436: 6424:. Retrieved 6416:the Guardian 6415: 6405: 6380: 6376: 6370: 6362:ScienceDaily 6361: 6352: 6340:. Retrieved 6329: 6316: 6304:. Retrieved 6291: 6282: 6270:. Retrieved 6266:the original 6261: 6236: 6224:. Retrieved 6210: 6198: 6186:. Retrieved 6177: 6167: 6155:. Retrieved 6144: 6135: 6090: 6086: 6075: 6063:. Retrieved 6048: 6007: 6003: 5996: 5984:. Retrieved 5975: 5971: 5962: 5921: 5917: 5910: 5898:. Retrieved 5892:. Discover. 5883: 5871:. Retrieved 5862: 5852: 5843: 5839: 5833: 5806: 5802: 5773:. Retrieved 5761: 5757: 5748: 5694: 5690: 5661: 5655: 5610: 5606: 5596: 5571: 5567: 5560: 5509: 5505: 5461: 5457: 5430:. Retrieved 5414: 5406: 5394:. Retrieved 5387:the original 5374: 5337: 5333: 5323: 5311:. Retrieved 5296: 5284:. Retrieved 5275: 5271: 5261: 5249:. Retrieved 5240: 5231: 5196: 5192: 5186: 5140: 5136: 5126: 5114:. Retrieved 5094: 5087: 5075:. Retrieved 5060: 5046:(6): 881–9. 5043: 5039: 5035: 5017: 5013: 5007: 4977:(4): 592–8. 4974: 4970: 4966: 4960: 4948:. Retrieved 4930: 4908:. Retrieved 4880: 4876: 4867: 4859: 4847:. Retrieved 4838: 4807: 4803: 4799: 4793: 4758: 4754: 4748: 4723:. Retrieved 4719:the original 4691:. Retrieved 4687:the original 4661: 4651: 4639:. Retrieved 4635:the original 4625: 4616: 4607: 4595:. Retrieved 4578: 4574: 4551:. Retrieved 4542: 4533: 4521:. Retrieved 4517:the original 4507: 4495:. Retrieved 4486: 4476: 4464:. Retrieved 4455: 4445: 4433:. Retrieved 4424: 4414: 4402:. Retrieved 4393: 4368:. Retrieved 4364:the original 4354: 4328:. Retrieved 4319: 4309: 4276: 4272: 4266: 4225: 4215: 4180: 4176: 4152: 4144: 4109: 4105: 4095: 4052: 4048: 3998: 3994: 3984: 3949: 3945: 3935: 3925:19 September 3923:. Retrieved 3893: 3889: 3860: 3850:13 September 3848:. Retrieved 3844:the original 3837: 3830: 3797: 3793: 3789: 3783: 3773: 3764: 3754:14 September 3752:. Retrieved 3743: 3714:. Retrieved 3710:the original 3700: 3688:. Retrieved 3674: 3662:. Retrieved 3658:the original 3648: 3629: 3623: 3611:. Retrieved 3601: 3594: 3569: 3510: 3506: 3496: 3461: 3457: 3447: 3430: 3426: 3420: 3403: 3399: 3393: 3383:14 September 3381:. Retrieved 3377:the original 3367: 3355:. Retrieved 3351:the original 3344: 3298: 3294: 3288: 3269: 3263: 3251:. Retrieved 3237: 3218: 3212: 3202: 3190:. Retrieved 3185: 3178: 3166:. Retrieved 3156:Bess, Anna. 3151: 3141:29 September 3139:. Retrieved 3130: 3120: 3110:29 September 3108:. Retrieved 3099: 3089: 3079:29 September 3077:. Retrieved 3068: 3058: 3048:14 September 3046:. Retrieved 3032: 3022:13 September 3020:. Retrieved 3013:the original 3008: 3000:Grant, J.R. 2947: 2939: 2934:, on Perseus 2931: 2916: 2911:, on Perseus 2908: 2893: 2888:, on Perseus 2885: 2870: 2860:13 September 2858:. Retrieved 2819:. Retrieved 2778:(3): 211–8. 2775: 2771: 2761: 2749:. Retrieved 2738: 2698:. Retrieved 2687: 2658: 2654: 2648: 2601: 2597:Wilson, D.E. 2589:Groves, C.P. 2583: 2571:. Retrieved 2565: 2559: 2552: 2540:. Retrieved 2526: 2520: 2514: 2480: 2462:Ellis Joseph 2388: 2386: 2382:20-cent coin 2367: 2333: 2322: 2314:Murray River 2303: 2296: 2281: 2269: 2236: 2192: 2190: 2172:mucormycosis 2165: 2159: 2145: 2127: 2095: 2088: 2062: 2050: 2044: 2038: 2027: 2019:Conservation 2001: 1998:Y chromosome 1931: 1893: 1891: 1880: 1866: 1840: 1836:Monotrematum 1834: 1820: 1814: 1807: 1797: 1792: 1780: 1777:tribosphenic 1768: 1758: 1752: 1744: 1738: 1733: 1721:around 19–48 1699: 1658: 1642: 1628: 1605: 1582: 1568: 1567: 1533: 1524: 1509: 1478: 1462: 1450: 1439:Reproduction 1410: 1398: 1378: 1323: 1300: 1281: 1269:John Wamsley 1258: 1235: 1212: 1190: 1165:optic tectum 1138: 1134:double cones 1123: 1111: 1109: 1101: 1074: 1060: 1040: 1012: 1008:hyperalgesia 1000: 942:ceratodontes 919: 896: 873: 862: 858: 834: 827: 764:species name 747: 738: 719: 717: 706:pseudo-Latin 702: 697: 681: 675: 667: 621: 608: 586: 564: 542: 515: 500: 465: 456: 437:, including 422: 417: 416: 412: 410: 395: 384: 376: 370:MacGillivray 365: 361:Péron, 1807 357: 346: 335: 327: 319: 277: 275: 259: 258: 239: 238: 25: 10323:iNaturalist 10217:Wikispecies 10151:O. anatinus 10023:(unranked) 9994:Monotremata 9943:Marsupionta 9918:Pantotheria 9893:Prototheria 9846:Microderson 9655:Tirotherium 9555:Brasilestes 9484:Kouriogenys 9476:Afriquiamus 9467:Peramuridae 9452:Monotremata 9445:Vincelestes 9385:Chunnelodon 9287:Anoualestes 9280:Amazighodon 9239:Orretherium 9184:Necrolestes 9126:Amarillodon 9016:Crusafontia 8912:Dryolestida 8893:Cladotheria 8836:Cladotheria 8825:Yaverlestes 8734:Akidolestes 8704:Origolestes 8683:Kiyatherium 8652:Monotremata 8523:Trioracodon 8460:Alticonodon 8420:Klameliidae 8406:Yanoconodon 8376:Spinolestes 8369:Repenomamus 8362:Meemannodon 8340:Gobiconodon 8309:Monotremata 8251:Manchurodon 8241:Liaotherium 8231:Liaoconodon 8191:Juchilestes 8171:Hakusanodon 8149:Dyskritodon 8109:Aploconodon 8099:Amphilestes 7859:Dharragarra 7809:Teinolophos 7710:Monotremata 7625:Monotremata 7221:Mammals III 7069:25 November 7032:26 November 6838:17 December 6687:29 December 6654:29 December 6486:29 February 6460:28 November 6426:28 November 6331:EurekAlert! 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