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The primary advantages of a plantigrade foot are stability and weight-bearing ability; plantigrade feet have the largest surface area. The primary disadvantage of a plantigrade foot is speed. With more bones and joints in the foot, the leg is both shorter and heavier at the far end, which makes it
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In humans and other great apes, another possible advantage of a plantigrade foot is that it may enhance fighting performance by providing a more powerful stance for striking and grappling.
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may contribute to an individual only standing and/or walking on their toes. It would be evident by the observable heel rise.
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were partially plantigrade and walked on the whole of the hind foot and the fingers of the hand-wing.
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permanently raised. The leg of a plantigrade mammal includes the bones of the upper leg (
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flat on the ground. It is one of three forms of locomotion adopted by terrestrial
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were plantigrade. A plantigrade foot is the primitive condition for mammals;
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Plantigrade foot occurs normally in humans in static postures of
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Carrier, David R; Cunningham, Christopher (15 February 2017).
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Walking with the toes and metatarsals flat on the ground
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Portion of a human skeleton, showing plantigrade habit
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220:Among extinct animals, most early mammals such as
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232:locomotion evolved later. Among archosaurs, the
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248:species include (but are not limited to):
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109:Learn how and when to remove this message
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723:Animal locomotion on the water surface
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47:adding citations to reliable sources
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390:. It should also occur normally in
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177:) with the heel/wrist and the
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639:Comparative foot morphology
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240:List of plantigrade mammals
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173:or nails of the toes (the
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522:Animal locomotion on land
165:permanently raised, and
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602:Rectilinear locomotion
315:false saber-tooth cats
135:plantigrade locomotion
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597:Undulatory locomotion
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43:improve this article
592:Concertina movement
546:Arboreal locomotion
463:10.1242/bio.022640
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60: –
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58:"Plantigrade"
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54:Find sources:
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32:This article
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556:Hand-walking
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451:Biology Open
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276:amphicyonids
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41:Please help
36:verification
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700:Canine gait
673:Facultative
659:Unguligrade
654:Plantigrade
649:Digitigrade
617:Other modes
612:Sidewinding
550:Brachiation
394:(walking).
357:Marsupialia
281:Musteloidea
256:(including
230:unguligrade
226:digitigrade
211:metacarpals
207:metatarsals
167:unguligrade
151:digitigrade
143:metatarsals
710:Human gait
705:Horse gait
418:References
400:spasticity
338:Lagomorphs
333:porcupines
305:red pandas
234:pterosaurs
222:pantodonts
69:newspapers
684:Quadruped
371:Evolution
361:kangaroos
347:Hedgehogs
264:Carnivora
215:phalanges
157:with the
99:June 2017
748:Category
693:Specific
481:28202470
410:such as
408:footwear
384:standing
365:opossums
289:raccoons
254:primates
631:Anatomy
607:Rolling
585:Legless
576:Walking
571:Running
561:Jumping
472:5312108
388:sitting
352:Hyraxes
342:rabbits
321:Rodents
297:badgers
293:weasels
272:: bears
270:Ursidae
187:humerus
147:mammals
139:walking
131:animals
83:scholar
679:Triped
664:Uniped
539:Legged
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404:clonus
303:, and
301:otters
285:skunks
258:humans
246:mammal
199:radius
195:fibula
179:digits
137:means
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669:Biped
532:class
252:Some
191:tibia
183:femur
163:wrist
90:JSTOR
76:books
530:Gait
477:PMID
392:gait
386:and
329:rats
325:mice
228:and
203:ulna
201:and
193:and
175:hoof
171:nail
161:and
159:heel
155:toes
62:news
467:PMC
459:doi
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