44:
327:
3246:
1960:
1972:
1996:
1984:
387:(LAMP). Although PCR can detect multiple molecular targets in a single solution there are limits. Bertolini et al. 2001, Ito et al. 2002, and Ragozzino et al. 2004 developed PCR methods for multiplexing six or seven plant pathogen molecular products and Persson et al. 2005 for multiplexing four with RT-PCR. More extensive
351:
Plant disease resistance is the ability of a plant to prevent and terminate infections from plant pathogens. Structures that help plants prevent pathogens from entering are the cuticular layer, cell walls, and stomata guard cells. Once pathogens have overcome these barriers, plant receptors initiate
352:
signaling pathways to create molecules to compete against the foreign molecules. These pathways are influenced and triggered by genes within the host plant and can manipulated by genetic breeding to create resistant varieties.
825:
337:
A disease triangle describes the basic factors required for plant diseases. These are the host plant, the pathogen, and the environment. Any one of these can be modified to control a disease.
193:. Unlike human and animal pathology, plant pathology usually focuses on a single causal organism; however, some plant diseases have been shown to be interactions between multiple pathogens.
647:
Cantu, Dario; Vicente, Ariel R.; Labavitch, John M.; Bennett, Alan B.; Powell, Ann L.T. (November 2008). "Strangers in the matrix: plant cell walls and pathogen susceptibility".
3076:
829:
241:. Some effectors are known to suppress host defense processes. This can include reducing the plant's internal signaling mechanisms or reduction of phytochemicals production.
3081:
410:
is a traditional and sometimes effective means of preventing a parasitic population from becoming well-established. For example, protection against infection by
867:
237:: These can be secreted by pathogens such as bacteria, fungi, and oomycetes into the extracellular environment or directly into the host cell, often via the
189:
are both a food source and a barrier to be overcome. Many pathogens grow opportunistically when the host breaks down its own cell walls, most often during
3214:
79:(infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Plant pathology involves the study of pathogen identification, disease
1945:
1600:
1563:
3132:
1296:
257:
are mostly small chains of sugars that help pathogens to adhere to a plant's surface, enabling them to begin the process of infection.
1230:
371:
Ancient methods of leaf examination and breaking open plant material by hand are now augmented by newer technologies. These include
2948:
1913:
1857:
384:
1153:
52:
490:
1815:
495:
272:
Some abiotic disorders can be confused with pathogen-induced disorders. Abiotic causes include natural processes such as
1845:
598:
Nazarov, Pavel A.; Baleev, Dmitry N.; Ivanova, Maria I.; Sokolova, Luybov M.; Karakozova, Marina V. (27 October 2020).
485:
249:
are chemicals used by plants for signaling; pathogens can produce these to modify plant growth to their own advantage.
3138:
2000:
574:
396:
231:: These can be non-host-specific, which damage all plants, or host-specific, which cause damage only on a host plant.
2033:
1289:
878:
753:"Industrial Use of Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes: The Fine Line Between Production Strategy and Economic Feasibility"
2472:
1893:
1878:
1873:
1650:
1115:
Ryder, Mh; Jones, Da (1991). "Biological
Control of Crown Gall Using Using Agrobacterium Strains K84 and K1026".
525:
223:
in order to release the nutrients inside and include esterases, glycosyl hydrolases, lyases and oxidoreductases.
2953:
1940:
1935:
1883:
1630:
2403:
1615:
1326:
1248:
1223:
3122:
2709:
2224:
1635:
1610:
267:
3204:
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1620:
1282:
431:
361:
238:
927:
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1660:
1595:
1422:
515:
505:
321:
84:
3088:
1397:
540:
418:
412:
376:
20:
853:"How do plants fight disease? Breakthrough research by UC Riverside plant pathologist offers a clue"
3226:
3071:
2121:
1908:
1494:
1407:
1392:
1347:
1258:
1216:
1117:
457:
346:
293:
88:
34:
949:
Andersen, Ethan J.; Ali, Shaukat; Byamukama, Emmanuel; Yen, Yang; Nepal, Madhav P. (4 July 2018).
3270:
1835:
1558:
1553:
1444:
1412:
600:"Infectious plant diseases: etiology, current status, problems and prospects in plant protection"
3056:
2980:
1903:
1888:
1830:
1825:
1580:
1511:
1504:
1321:
1316:
868:"Abiotic plant disorders: Symptoms, signs and solutions. A diagnostic guide to problem solving"
520:
462:
334:
Epidemiology is the study of factors affecting the outbreak and spread of infectious diseases.
48:
2785:
3221:
1719:
1499:
751:
Giovannoni, Moira; Gramegna, Giovanna; Benedetti, Manuel; Mattei, Benedetta (29 April 2020).
2943:
2840:
2795:
2467:
2026:
1964:
1800:
1590:
1449:
1402:
1020:
656:
197:
2443:
8:
3113:
2658:
1988:
1417:
530:
510:
388:
372:
1092:
1065:
1024:
660:
3051:
2916:
2694:
2386:
2172:
2068:
1976:
1898:
1724:
1640:
1041:
1008:
977:
950:
826:"1st large-scale map of a plant's protein network addresses evolution, disease process"
779:
752:
728:
701:
624:
599:
1193:
Pacific
Northwest Fungi, online mycology journal with papers on fungal plant pathogens
3275:
3209:
2058:
2053:
1971:
1568:
1541:
1489:
1459:
1198:
New Mexico State
University Department of Entomology Plant Pathology and Weed Science
1149:
1097:
1046:
982:
784:
733:
682:
629:
580:
570:
535:
467:
253:
209:
702:"Synergisms between microbial pathogens in plant disease complexes: a growing trend"
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2728:
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972:
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774:
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713:
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619:
611:
500:
416:, which causes gall diseases in many plants, by dipping cuttings in suspensions of
2790:
668:
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2758:
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2019:
1780:
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150:
27:
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1736:
615:
545:
190:
186:
174:
1082:
1032:
1007:
Mumford, Rick; Boonham, Neil; Tomlinson, Jenny; Barker, Ian (September 2006).
584:
3264:
3179:
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110:
104:
72:
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718:
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1850:
1709:
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1526:
1484:
1429:
1387:
1101:
1050:
986:
803:
788:
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686:
633:
441:
437:
245:
205:
138:
2990:
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2906:
2768:
2548:
2519:
2418:
2413:
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2101:
2096:
2081:
1840:
1775:
1758:
1731:
1704:
1689:
1665:
1536:
1377:
1305:
1009:"Advances in molecular phytodiagnostics - new solutions for old problems"
967:
472:
326:
154:
126:
92:
1066:"Current and emerging trends in techniques for plant pathogen detection"
677:
3019:
3012:
3002:
2985:
2668:
2663:
2599:
2391:
2238:
2197:
2091:
1531:
1479:
1474:
1357:
445:
1130:
43:
3127:
3024:
2753:
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2187:
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2106:
1741:
1469:
392:
220:
182:
166:
162:
158:
122:
118:
3169:
3159:
3103:
3098:
2865:
2738:
2714:
2631:
2301:
2086:
1434:
309:
146:
142:
80:
76:
2354:
2349:
2266:
2256:
1790:
1746:
1714:
750:
273:
1188:
Plant Health
Progress, Online journal of applied plant pathology
2807:
2699:
2619:
2573:
2563:
2524:
2462:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2042:
1768:
1694:
1362:
1352:
852:
380:
301:
227:
201:
170:
130:
114:
1274:
3031:
2965:
2887:
2855:
2812:
2704:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2624:
2609:
2578:
2499:
2157:
2148:
1785:
1006:
828:. Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. July 29, 2011. Archived from
289:
277:
134:
646:
597:
436:
Plant pathology has developed from antiquity, starting with
2882:
2877:
2529:
2369:
2344:
2339:
2323:
2182:
1676:
1464:
1192:
305:
285:
281:
200:, of five main types: uses of cell wall–degrading enzymes,
1202:
1182:
1172:
1064:
Venbrux, Marc; Crauwels, Sam; Rediers, Hans (8 May 2023).
903:
2802:
2364:
2011:
1197:
1177:
948:
1063:
700:
Lamichhane, Jay Ram; Venturi, Vittorio (27 May 2015).
440:
in the ancient era, but scientific study began in the
33:"Phytopathology" redirects here. For the journal, see
1002:
1000:
998:
996:
875:
Michigan State
University Department of Horticulture
451:
26:. For organisms that damage crops and forestry, see
993:
422:before inserting them in the ground to take root.
699:
395:. The primary detection method used worldwide is
109:Plant pathogens, organisms that cause infectious
3262:
804:"Genome of Irish potato famine pathogen decoded"
261:
91:, how plant diseases affect humans and animals,
640:
1203:Pathogen Host Interactions Database (PHI-base)
1146:Introduction to the History of Plant Pathology
2027:
1290:
1238:
1224:
865:
757:Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
569:(Sixth ed.). Amsterdam: Academic Press.
196:To colonize a plant, pathogens have specific
3133:International Association for Plant Taxonomy
95:genetics, and management of plant diseases.
877:. Michigan State University. Archived from
859:
2034:
2020:
1297:
1283:
1231:
1217:
1114:
47:Life cycle of the black rot pathogen, the
1173:International Society for Plant Pathology
1143:
1137:
1091:
1081:
1040:
976:
966:
951:"Disease Resistance Mechanisms in Plants"
778:
768:
727:
717:
676:
623:
219:: These are used to break down the plant
3077:International Code of Nomenclature (ICN)
930:. Oregon State University. 25 April 2014
818:
795:
325:
42:
844:
3263:
564:
385:loop-mediated isothermal amplification
296:; deposition of mineral salts such as
98:
2015:
1278:
1212:
801:
448:, and developed in the 19th century.
340:
1983:
904:"American Phytopathological Society"
806:. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard
491:Australasian Plant Pathology Society
169:. The vast majority of these act on
1995:
1183:British Society for Plant Pathology
1144:Aisnworth, Geoffrey Clough (1981).
1013:European Journal of Plant Pathology
496:British Society for Plant Pathology
83:, disease cycles, economic impact,
13:
1846:Environmental impact of irrigation
1178:American Phytopathological Society
908:American Phytopathological Society
866:Schutzki, R.E.; Cregg, B. (2007).
850:
802:Davis, Nicole (9 September 2009).
486:American Phytopathological Society
16:Scientific study of plant diseases
14:
3287:
3082:ICN for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP)
1165:
452:Notable People in Plant Pathology
444:period with the invention of the
397:enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
3245:
3244:
1994:
1982:
1970:
1959:
1958:
1914:Agriculture and the environment
1651:British Agricultural Revolution
1304:
1108:
1057:
942:
920:
896:
526:List of phytopathology journals
315:
185:). For microbes, the cell wall
1858:Climate change and agriculture
1631:Agriculture in the Middle Ages
1148:. Cambridge University Press.
744:
693:
591:
558:
1:
1249:Physiological plant disorders
669:10.1016/j.tplants.2008.09.002
565:Oliver, Richard, ed. (2024).
552:
402:
355:
262:Physiological plant disorders
165:and enzymes that degrade the
3123:History of plant systematics
2710:Thorns, spines, and prickles
1636:Arab Agricultural Revolution
366:
308:and breakage by storms; and
268:Physiological plant disorder
7:
851:Ma, Winbo (28 March 2011).
478:
432:Timeline of plant pathology
362:Antagonism (phytopathology)
239:Type three secretion system
217:Cell wall-degrading enzymes
71:is the scientific study of
10:
3292:
2939:Alternation of generations
2041:
1596:Agriculture in Mesoamerica
1070:Frontiers in Plant Science
706:Frontiers in Plant Science
616:10.32607/actanaturae.11026
516:Glossary of phytopathology
506:Gene-for-gene relationship
429:
425:
359:
344:
322:Plant disease epidemiology
319:
265:
102:
85:plant disease epidemiology
32:
18:
3240:
3188:
3152:
3089:Cultivated plant taxonomy
3052:Biological classification
3042:
2915:
2831:
2727:
2677:
2402:
2332:
2275:
2237:
2211:
2147:
2067:
2049:
1955:
1946:Universities and colleges
1922:
1866:
1814:
1675:
1579:
1564:Universities and colleges
1376:
1369:
1335:
1312:
1244:
1239:Plant disorders / control
1083:10.3389/fpls.2023.1120968
1033:10.1007/s10658-006-9037-0
541:Plant disease forecasting
419:Agrobacterium radiobacter
413:Agrobacterium tumefaciens
377:polymerase chain reaction
2949:Evolutionary development
1931:Agriculturist profession
1408:Agricultural engineering
1393:Agricultural cooperative
1259:Plant stress measurement
1118:Functional Plant Biology
770:10.3389/fbioe.2020.00356
458:George Washington Carver
347:Plant disease resistance
89:plant disease resistance
2600:Hypanthium (Floral cup)
1836:Agricultural wastewater
1559:Sustainable food system
1554:Sustainable agriculture
1445:Animal-free agriculture
1413:Agricultural technology
719:10.3389/fpls.2015.00385
649:Trends in Plant Science
567:Agrios' plant pathology
3215:by author abbreviation
3139:Plant taxonomy systems
3057:Botanical nomenclature
1936:Agricultural machinery
1894:History of agriculture
1879:Agriculture by country
1874:Agricultural machinery
1831:Agricultural pollution
1826:Agricultural expansion
1601:Austronesian expansion
1512:Mechanised agriculture
521:Horsfall-Barratt scale
331:
330:Plant disease triangle
61:
54:Xanthomonas campestris
3222:Botanical expeditions
1941:Government ministries
1884:Agriculture companies
1720:Convertible husbandry
1398:Agricultural supplies
1348:Agricultural Engineer
473:Agnes Robertson Arber
430:Further information:
360:Further information:
329:
204:, effector proteins,
198:pathogenicity factors
103:Further information:
46:
19:For the journal, see
2954:Evolutionary history
2944:Double fertilization
2796:Cellular respiration
1591:Neolithic Revolution
1450:Cellular agriculture
1403:Agricultural science
968:10.3390/genes9070339
884:on 24 September 2015
2173:Non-vascular plants
1025:2006EJPP..116....1M
661:2008TPS....13..610C
531:Microbial inoculant
511:Global Plant Clinic
389:molecular diagnosis
373:molecular pathology
294:nutrient deficiency
292:and poor drainage;
99:Plant pathogenicity
2678:Surface structures
2473:Flower development
1725:Rotational grazing
1641:Columbian exchange
928:"Disease Triangle"
341:Disease resistance
332:
254:Exopolysaccharides
210:exopolysaccharides
62:
3258:
3257:
2897:Herbaceous plants
2723:
2722:
2009:
2008:
1569:Urban agriculture
1542:Rice-duck farming
1490:Intensive farming
1460:Extensive farming
1272:
1271:
1155:978-0-521-23032-2
1131:10.1071/pp9910571
536:Phytopharmacology
468:Erwin Frink Smith
235:Effector proteins
137:-like organisms,
3283:
3248:
3247:
3227:Individual trees
2902:Secondary growth
2873:Succulent plants
2861:Prostrate shrubs
2744:Apical dominance
2729:Plant physiology
2690:Epicuticular wax
2235:
2234:
2228:
2219:Plant morphology
2036:
2029:
2022:
2013:
2012:
1998:
1997:
1986:
1985:
1974:
1962:
1961:
1806:Wildlife farming
1656:Green Revolution
1607:Ancient history
1547:Rice-fish system
1455:Contract farming
1440:Animal husbandry
1299:
1292:
1285:
1276:
1275:
1264:Transplant shock
1233:
1226:
1219:
1210:
1209:
1160:
1159:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1095:
1085:
1061:
1055:
1054:
1044:
1004:
991:
990:
980:
970:
946:
940:
939:
937:
935:
924:
918:
917:
915:
914:
900:
894:
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891:
889:
883:
872:
863:
857:
856:
848:
842:
841:
839:
837:
822:
816:
815:
813:
811:
799:
793:
792:
782:
772:
748:
742:
741:
731:
721:
697:
691:
690:
680:
644:
638:
637:
627:
595:
589:
588:
562:
501:Forest pathology
153:. In most plant
151:parasitic plants
3291:
3290:
3286:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3281:
3280:
3261:
3260:
3259:
3254:
3236:
3205:Botanical terms
3198:
3184:
3148:
3094:Citrus taxonomy
3072:Author citation
3038:
2932:
2911:
2833:
2827:
2823:Turgor pressure
2731:
2719:
2673:
2488:Floral symmetry
2406:
2398:
2328:
2317:Vascular bundle
2312:Vascular tissue
2271:
2231:
2222:
2221:
2207:
2178:Vascular plants
2143:
2139:Plant pathology
2063:
2045:
2040:
2010:
2005:
1951:
1950:
1949:
1918:
1909:Poultry farming
1862:
1817:
1810:
1781:Poultry farming
1671:
1647:Modern history
1627:Post-classical
1575:
1574:
1573:
1517:Organic farming
1372:
1371:
1367:
1331:
1308:
1303:
1273:
1268:
1254:Plant pathology
1240:
1237:
1207:
1168:
1163:
1156:
1142:
1138:
1113:
1109:
1062:
1058:
1005:
994:
947:
943:
933:
931:
926:
925:
921:
912:
910:
902:
901:
897:
887:
885:
881:
870:
864:
860:
855:. UC Riverside.
849:
845:
835:
833:
824:
823:
819:
809:
807:
800:
796:
749:
745:
698:
694:
655:(11): 610–617.
645:
641:
596:
592:
577:
563:
559:
555:
550:
481:
454:
434:
428:
405:
375:assays such as
369:
364:
358:
349:
343:
324:
318:
298:sodium chloride
270:
264:
187:polysaccharides
107:
101:
65:Plant pathology
41:
31:
28:Pest (organism)
22:Plant Pathology
17:
12:
11:
5:
3289:
3279:
3278:
3273:
3271:Phytopathology
3256:
3255:
3253:
3252:
3241:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3218:
3217:
3207:
3201:
3199:
3197:
3196:
3195:Related topics
3193:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3156:
3154:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3146:
3144:Taxonomic rank
3141:
3136:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3119:
3118:
3117:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3096:
3086:
3085:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3062:Botanical name
3054:
3048:
3046:
3044:Plant taxonomy
3040:
3039:
3037:
3036:
3035:
3034:
3029:
3028:
3027:
3020:Megasporangium
3017:
3016:
3015:
3008:Microsporangia
3000:
2999:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2962:
2961:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2935:
2933:
2931:
2930:
2925:
2919:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
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2892:
2891:
2890:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2869:
2868:
2863:
2853:
2848:
2846:Cushion plants
2837:
2835:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2799:
2798:
2793:
2783:
2781:Plant hormones
2778:
2773:
2772:
2771:
2764:Photosynthesis
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2735:
2733:
2725:
2724:
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2483:Floral formula
2480:
2478:Floral diagram
2475:
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2458:
2453:
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2407:(incl. Flower)
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2193:Spermatophytes
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2163:Archaeplastida
2160:
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2117:Phytogeography
2114:
2112:Phytochemistry
2109:
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2069:Subdisciplines
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1737:Insect farming
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1616:Ancient Greece
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1166:External links
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1107:
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832:on 12 May 2012
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345:Main article:
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320:Main article:
317:
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266:Main article:
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242:
232:
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191:fruit ripening
175:pectinesterase
173:(for example,
111:plant diseases
100:
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73:plant diseases
69:phytopathology
36:Phytopathology
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2290:Ground tissue
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2213:Plant anatomy
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2134:Plant ecology
2132:
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2129:Plant anatomy
2127:
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2120:
2119:
2118:
2115:
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2110:
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2077:Archaeobotany
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1904:Meat industry
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1889:Biotechnology
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1816:Environmental
1813:
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1796:Sheep farming
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1700:Dairy farming
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1677:Farming Types
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1611:Ancient Egypt
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1522:Paludiculture
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1423:Biotechnology
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586:
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576:9780128224298
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534:
532:
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502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
483:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
463:Anton de Bary
461:
459:
456:
455:
449:
447:
443:
439:
433:
423:
421:
420:
415:
414:
409:
408:Crop rotation
400:
398:
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386:
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378:
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323:
313:
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307:
303:
299:
295:
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279:
275:
269:
256:
255:
251:
248:
247:
246:Phytohormones
243:
240:
236:
233:
230:
229:
225:
222:
218:
215:
214:
213:
211:
207:
206:phytohormones
203:
199:
194:
192:
188:
184:
180:
179:pectate lyase
176:
172:
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164:
160:
156:
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148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
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120:
116:
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106:
105:Plant disease
96:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
60:
59:
55:
50:
49:gram negative
45:
39:
37:
29:
25:
23:
3175:Horticulture
3165:Floriculture
3067:Correct name
2917:Reproduction
2907:Woody plants
2832:Plant growth
2791:Gas Exchange
2776:Phytomelanin
2654:Plant embryo
2404:Reproductive
2252:Phragmoplast
2138:
1999:
1987:
1975:
1963:
1851:Overdrafting
1710:Goat farming
1621:Ancient Rome
1527:Permaculture
1485:Horticulture
1430:Agroforestry
1388:Agribusiness
1253:
1145:
1139:
1122:
1116:
1110:
1073:
1069:
1059:
1016:
1012:
958:
954:
944:
932:. Retrieved
922:
911:. Retrieved
907:
898:
886:. Retrieved
879:the original
874:
861:
846:
834:. Retrieved
830:the original
820:
808:. Retrieved
797:
760:
756:
746:
709:
705:
695:
678:11336/148749
652:
648:
642:
610:(3): 46–59.
607:
604:Acta Naturae
603:
593:
566:
560:
442:Early Modern
438:Theophrastus
435:
417:
411:
406:
370:
350:
336:
333:
316:Epidemiology
271:
252:
244:
234:
226:
216:
195:
155:pathosystems
139:phytoplasmas
108:
68:
64:
63:
57:
53:
35:
21:
2991:Pollen tube
2986:Pollinators
2976:Pollination
2971:Germination
2786:Respiration
2769:Chlorophyll
2615:Pedicellate
2549:Gametophyte
2468:Aestivation
2419:Antheridium
2414:Archegonium
2262:Plasmodesma
2239:Plant cells
2102:Paleobotany
2097:Ethnobotany
2082:Astrobotany
2001:Wikiproject
1841:Overgrazing
1776:Pig farming
1759:Paddy field
1732:Hydroponics
1705:Fur farming
1690:Aquaculture
1685:Agrivoltaic
1666:Monoculture
1587:Prehistory
1537:Polyculture
1358:Farm worker
1336:Occupations
1306:Agriculture
1019:(1): 1–19.
934:31 December
161:depends on
93:pathosystem
3265:Categories
3013:Microspore
3003:Sporangium
2981:Artificial
2669:Sporophyte
2664:Sporophyll
2659:Receptacle
2554:Gynandrium
2424:Androecium
2333:Vegetative
2203:Angiosperm
2198:Gymnosperm
2092:Dendrology
1867:Categories
1532:Plantation
1480:Free range
1475:Feed ratio
1125:(5): 571.
961:(7): 339.
913:2019-03-26
585:1382797185
553:References
446:microscope
403:Biological
393:PCR arrays
356:Management
183:pectinases
163:hydrolases
113:, include
75:caused by
58:campestris
51:bacterium
3210:Botanists
3128:Herbarium
3025:Megaspore
2923:Evolution
2866:Subshrubs
2834:and habit
2759:Nutrition
2754:Cellulose
2749:Bulk flow
2732:Materials
2695:Epidermis
2559:Gynoecium
2540:Endosperm
2535:Dispersal
2451:Staminode
2387:Sessility
2375:Cataphyll
2295:Mesophyll
2247:Cell wall
2188:Lycophyte
2168:Bryophyte
2122:Geobotany
2107:Phycology
1899:Livestock
1742:Livestock
1470:Farmhouse
391:requires
367:Detection
310:wildfires
221:cell wall
167:cell wall
159:virulence
147:nematodes
119:oomycetes
77:pathogens
56:pathovar
38:(journal)
24:(journal)
3276:Agronomy
3250:Category
3170:Forestry
3160:Agronomy
3153:Practice
3104:Cultivar
3099:Cultigen
2959:timeline
2851:Rosettes
2739:Aleurone
2715:Trichome
2632:Perianth
2444:Filament
2302:Meristem
2225:glossary
2087:Bryology
1965:Category
1791:Orchards
1764:Pastoral
1435:Agronomy
1102:37223788
1093:10200959
1051:32214677
987:29973557
888:10 April
789:32411686
738:26074945
687:18824396
634:33173596
546:Stunting
479:See also
306:windburn
290:flooding
143:protozoa
123:bacteria
81:etiology
2928:Ecology
2685:Cuticle
2515:Capsule
2505:Anatomy
2456:Tapetum
2380:Petiole
2355:Rhizome
2350:Rhizoid
2277:Tissues
2267:Vacuole
2257:Plastid
2059:Outline
2054:History
1989:Commons
1801:Terrace
1747:Pasture
1715:Grazing
1661:Organic
1581:History
1495:animals
1418:Digital
1378:General
1322:History
1317:Outline
1042:7087944
1021:Bibcode
978:6071103
836:24 July
810:24 July
780:7200985
763:: 356.
729:4445244
712:: 385.
657:Bibcode
625:7604890
426:History
379:(PCR),
274:drought
171:pectins
131:viroids
127:viruses
3232:Plants
3135:(IAPT)
2888:Lianas
2856:Shrubs
2808:Starch
2700:Nectar
2620:Raceme
2586:Stigma
2574:Locule
2564:Carpel
2525:Pyrena
2463:Flower
2439:Anther
2434:Stamen
2429:Pollen
2151:groups
2043:Botany
1977:Portal
1818:impact
1769:Bocage
1695:Cattle
1363:Herder
1353:Farmer
1152:
1100:
1090:
1049:
1039:
985:
975:
787:
777:
736:
726:
685:
632:
622:
583:
573:
381:RT-PCR
302:gypsum
228:Toxins
208:, and
202:toxins
181:, and
3192:Lists
3109:Group
3032:Spore
2966:Flora
2883:Vines
2878:Trees
2841:Habit
2813:Sugar
2705:Stoma
2647:Sepal
2642:Petal
2637:Tepal
2625:Umbel
2610:Bract
2591:Style
2579:Ovule
2569:Ovary
2510:Berry
2500:Fruit
2493:Whorl
2360:Shoot
2158:Algae
2149:Plant
1923:Lists
1786:Ranch
1754:Mixed
1505:crops
1327:Index
955:Genes
882:(PDF)
871:(PDF)
278:frost
135:virus
115:fungi
3114:Grex
2996:Self
2530:Seed
2392:Stem
2370:Leaf
2345:Root
2340:Bulb
2324:Wood
2285:Cork
2183:Fern
1500:pigs
1465:Farm
1150:ISBN
1098:PMID
1047:PMID
983:PMID
936:2023
890:2015
838:2012
812:2012
785:PMID
734:PMID
683:PMID
630:PMID
581:OCLC
571:ISBN
383:and
300:and
286:hail
284:and
282:snow
149:and
2803:Sap
2520:Nut
2365:Bud
1127:doi
1088:PMC
1078:doi
1037:PMC
1029:doi
1017:116
973:PMC
963:doi
775:PMC
765:doi
724:PMC
714:doi
673:hdl
665:doi
620:PMC
612:doi
312:.
67:or
3267::
1123:18
1121:.
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