914:
2667:
974:
1262:
2752:
1511:
894:
706:
the two ions have very nearly the same effective radius. The difference in charge is accommodated by the coupled substitution of aluminium (charge +3) for silicon (charge +4), both of which can occupy tetrahedral sites (surrounded by four oxygen ions). This contrasts with potassium, which has the same charge as sodium, but is a significantly larger ion. As a result of the size and charge difference between potassium and calcium, there is a very wide
1254:
1149:
299:
954:
29:
934:
311:
994:
1321:
results in compositional zoning of plagioclase in igneous rocks. In rare cases, plagioclase shows reverse zoning, with a more calcium-rich rim on a more sodium-rich core. Plagioclase also sometimes shows oscillatory zoning, with the zones fluctuating between sodium-rich and calcium-rich compositions, though this is usually superimposed on an overall normal zoning trend.
816:. The specific gravity increases smoothly with calcium content, from 2.62 for pure albite to 2.76 for pure anorthite, and this can provide a useful estimate of composition if measured accurately. The index of refraction likewise varies smoothly from 1.53 to 1.58, and, if measured carefully, this also gives a useful composition estimate.
733:
series. Thus, almost all feldspar found on Earth is either plagioclase or alkali feldspar, with the two series overlapping for pure albite. When a plagioclase composition is described by its anorthite mol% (such as An40 in the previous example) it is assumed that the remainder is albite, with only a
705:
The ability of albite and anorthite to form solid solutions in any proportions at elevated temperature reflects the ease with which calcium and aluminium can substitute for sodium and silicon in the plagioclase crystal structure. Although a calcium ion has a charge of +2, versus +1 for a sodium ion,
1316:
causes the residual melt to be enriched in sodium and silicon and depleted in aluminium and calcium. However, the simultaneous crystallization of mafic minerals not containing aluminium can partially offset the depletion in aluminium. In volcanic rock, the crystallized plagioclase incorporates most
1320:
New plagioclase crystals nucleate only with difficulty, and diffusion is very slow within the solid crystals. As a result, as a magma cools, increasingly sodium-rich plagioclase is usually crystallized onto the rims of existing plagioclase crystals, which retain their more calcium-rich cores. This
1465:
The solid solution between anorthite and albite remains stable to lower temperatures, but ultimately becomes unstable as the rock approaches ambient surface temperatures. The resulting exsolution results in very fine lamellar and other intergrowths, normally detected only by sophisticated means.
1308:
shifts from 40 wt% anorthite to 78 wt% anorthite as the water vapor pressure goes from 1 bar to 10 kbar. The presence of water also shifts the composition of the crystallizing plagioclase towards anorthite. The eutectic for this wet mixture drops to about 1,010 °C (1,850 °F).
1329:
Plagioclase is very important for the classification of crystalline igneous rocks. Generally, the more silica is present in the rock, the fewer the mafic minerals, and the more sodium-rich the plagioclase. Alkali feldspar appears as the silica content becomes high. Under the
1374:. Alkali feldspar is usually more abundant than plagioclase in sandstone because Alkali feldspars are more resistant to chemical weathering and more stable, but sandstone derived from volcanic rock contains more plagioclase. Plagioclase weathers relatively rapidly to
1361:
Plagioclase is also common in metamorphic rock. Plagioclase tends to be albite in low-grade metamorphic rock, while oligoclase to andesine are more common in medium- to high-grade metamorphic rock. Metacarbonate rock sometimes contains fairly pure anorthite.
1402:, is thought to be the depth where feldspar disappears from the rock. While plagioclase is the most important aluminium-bearing mineral in the crust, it breaks down at the high pressure of the upper mantle, with the aluminium tending to be incorporated into
1128:
The intermediate members of the plagioclase group are very similar to each other and normally cannot be distinguished except by their optical properties. The specific gravity in each member (albite 2.62) increases 0.02 per 10% increase in anorthite (2.75).
741:
of all plagioclase species is 6 to 6.5, and cleavage is perfect on and good on , with the cleavage planes meeting at an angle of 93 to 94 degrees. It is from this slightly oblique cleavage angle that plagioclase gets its name,
1277:. Anorthite has a much higher melting point than albite, and, as a result, calcium-rich plagioclase is the first to crystallize. The plagioclase becomes more enriched in sodium as the temperature drops, forming
839:(%Ab). There are several named plagioclase feldspars that fall between albite and anorthite in the series. The following table shows their compositions in terms of constituent anorthite and albite percentages.
1447:
At very high temperatures, plagioclase forms a solid solution with potassium feldspar, but this becomes highly unstable on cooling. The plagioclase separates from the potassium feldspar, a process called
697:
ranges from 0 for pure albite to 1 for pure anorthite. This solid solution series is known as the plagioclase series. The composition of a particular sample of plagioclase is customarily expressed as the
807:
Plagioclase is usually white to greyish-white in color, with a slight tendency for more calcium-rich samples to be darker. Impurities can infrequently tint the mineral greenish, yellowish, or flesh-red.
803:
Well-formed crystals are rare and are most commonly sodic in composition. Well-shaped samples are instead typically cleavage fragments. Well-formed crystals are typically bladed or tabular parallel to .
1018:, the composition can be determined by either the Michel Lévy or Carlsbad-albite methods. The former relies on accurate measure of minimum index of refraction, while the latter relies on measuring the
1334:, plagioclase is one of the three key minerals, along with quartz and alkali feldspar, used to make the initial classification of the rock type. Low-silica igneous rocks are further divided into
823:
that produces twinning striations on . These striations allow plagioclase to be distinguished from alkali feldspar. Plagioclase often also displays
Carlsbad, Baveno, and Manebach Law twinning.
1300:
with a silica content of 69.9 wt%. These values are for dry magma. The liquidus is greatly lowered by the addition of water, and much more for plagioclase than for mafic minerals. The
1466:
However, exsolution in the andesine to labradorite compositional range sometimes produces lamellae with thicknesses comparable to the wavelength of visible light. This acts like a
792:
is uneven or conchoidal, but the fracture is rarely observed due to the strong tendency of the mineral to cleave instead. At low temperature, the crystal structure belongs to the
1063:('straight'), literally 'oblique', referring to its triclinic crystallization. Anorthite is a comparatively rare mineral but occurs in the basic plutonic rocks of some
1353:
Albite is an end member of both the alkali and plagioclase series. However, it is included in the alkali feldspar fraction of the rock in the QAPF classification.
1281:. However, the composition with which plagioclase crystallizes also depends on the other components of the melt, so it is not by itself a reliable thermometer.
1006:. The composition can be roughly determined by specific gravity, but accurate measurement requires chemical or optical tests. The composition in a crushed
2077:
670:). These can be present in plagioclase in any proportion from pure anorthite to pure albite. The composition of plagioclase can thus be written as
1236:('fracture'), in reference to the fact that its cleavage angle differs significantly from 90°. The term was first used by Breithaupt in 1826.
1007:
737:
Plagioclase of any composition shares many basic physical characteristics, while other characteristics vary smoothly with composition. The
913:
1288:
of plagioclase (the temperature at which the plagioclase first begins to crystallize) is about 1,215 °C (2,219 °F) for
2536:
2462:
1803:
1721:
702:
of anorthite in the sample. For example, plagioclase that is 40 mol% anorthite would be described as An40 plagioclase.
753:
554:
1092:
in 1815. It is a relatively common and important rock-making mineral associated with the more silica-rich rock types, in
2806:
2614:
446:
group. Rather than referring to a particular mineral with a specific chemical composition, plagioclase is a continuous
1160:
is the characteristic feldspar of the more basic rock types such as gabbro or basalt. Labradorite frequently shows an
2511:
2257:
2237:
2061:
1856:
1831:
1746:
1623:
422:
765:
571:
1020:
1273:
rocks formed at low pressure. It is normally the first and most abundant feldspar to crystallize from a cooling
725:), the third common rock-forming feldspar end member. Potassium feldspar does form a solid solution series with
1391:
179:
1484:
In addition to its importance to geologists in classifying igneous rocks, plagioclase finds practical use as
532:
212:
1496:
in paint, plastics, and rubber. Sodium-rich plagioclase finds use in the manufacture of glass and ceramics.
2666:
2801:
2781:
1223:
1312:
Crystallizing plagioclase is always richer in anorthite than the melt from which it crystallizes. This
1278:
1231:
2786:
2276:
2156:
2098:
2025:
1534:
528:
2394:
1955:
435:
2776:
1058:
2791:
2281:
2161:
2103:
2030:
107:
1164:
display of colors due to light refracting within the lamellae of the crystal. It is named after
1089:
2607:
2389:
1485:
1031:. The extinction angle is an optical characteristic and varies with the albite fraction (%Ab).
820:
547:
2654:
2289:
2169:
2111:
2038:
789:
785:
2381:
1684:
1572:
1025:
42:
1010:
can be obtained by the Tsuboi method, which yields an accurate measurement of the minimum
831:
The composition of a plagioclase feldspar is typically denoted by its overall fraction of
8:
1651:
1467:
1331:
1085:
813:
777:
455:
202:
192:
2385:
1688:
1576:
1190:
is a characteristic mineral of rocks such as diorite which contain a moderate amount of
1152:
Labradorite displaying typical iridescent effect termed labradorescence. (unknown scale)
2737:
2407:
2071:
1590:
1493:
1097:
711:
585:
303:
2425:
2270:
2796:
2600:
2532:
2507:
2458:
2253:
2233:
2150:
2057:
2019:
1852:
1827:
1799:
1742:
1717:
1619:
1594:
770:
509:
282:
2411:
1176:
which is composed almost entirely of plagioclase. A variety of labradorite known as
2642:
2506:(4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall. pp. 120–121.
2399:
2372:
Le Bas, M. J.; Streckeisen, A. L. (1991). "The IUGS systematics of igneous rocks".
1692:
1580:
1529:
1395:
1011:
793:
729:, due to the identical charges of sodium and potassium ions, which is known as the
621:
613:
601:
516:
505:
336:
240:
222:
74:
46:
2092:
973:
2756:
1656:
1516:
1489:
1274:
730:
707:
540:
501:
1084:, in reference to its unusually pure white color. The name was first applied by
504:
structure. Plagioclase in hand samples is often identified by its polysynthetic
1635:
1370:
Feldspar makes up between 10 and 20 percent of the framework grains in typical
1347:
1289:
1169:
1104:
1050:
629:
447:
117:
2531:(2nd ed.). Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 10–11.
2770:
2457:(2nd ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 139–143.
2403:
1403:
1375:
1067:
743:
738:
597:
129:
67:
1253:
1399:
1261:
1093:
1015:
609:
524:
319:
298:
1292:, with a composition of 50.5 wt% silica; 1,255 °C (2,291 °F) in
2686:
1697:
1672:
1524:
1343:
1177:
1173:
1161:
1157:
1044:
921:
809:
781:
151:
2529:
Sedimentology and sedimentary basins : from turbulence to tectonics
1826:(Fourth ed.). Alexandria, Virginia: American Geological Institute.
1585:
1560:
1470:, causing the labradorite to show the beautiful play of colors known as
1296:
with a silica content of 60.7 wt%; and 1,275 °C (2,327 °F) in
893:
773:
in 1847. There is also a poor cleavage on rarely seen in hand samples.
2691:
2649:
2051:
1472:
1450:
1205:
1141:
1140:, Ontario, Canada—Bytown— is a rare mineral occasionally found in more
1112:
1028:
1003:
961:
276:
142:
34:
1079:
2681:
1539:
1371:
1229:
1221:
1213:
1195:
1148:
1133:
1101:
1056:
1048:
1040:
901:
881:
832:
758:
746:
652:
633:
577:
560:
520:
466:
463:
122:
2711:
1459:
1379:
1305:
1301:
1293:
1285:
1241:
1237:
1199:
1187:
1165:
941:
617:
605:
443:
315:
63:
2701:
2637:
2623:
1499:
Anorthosite could someday be important as a source of aluminium.
1422:
1335:
1209:
1181:
1064:
953:
625:
494:
439:
323:
45:. The plagioclase crystal shows a distinct banding effect called
38:
1673:"Distribution and variation of plagioclase compositions on Mars"
2721:
2716:
1436:
1435:. At still higher pressure, the aluminium is incorporated into
1339:
1297:
1191:
1137:
1073:
981:
836:
726:
637:
490:
459:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2179:
933:
539:
suggests that plagioclase is the most abundant mineral in the
28:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1270:
1116:
1002:
The distinction between these minerals cannot easily be made
699:
497:
322:
plagioclase can display a "microlitic" texture of many small
1936:
1454:. The resulting rock, in which fine streaks of plagioclase (
812:(Fe) gives a pale yellow color in plagioclase feldspar from
2696:
2592:
2341:
2176:
2130:
1977:
1975:
1909:
1870:
1868:
536:
411:
393:
375:
363:
357:
310:
2545:
2331:
2329:
2316:
2314:
1755:
993:
396:
351:
2118:
1304:(minimum melting mixture) for a mixture of anorthite and
523:
for identifying the composition, origin and evolution of
454:
series. This was first shown by the German mineralogist
348:
2483:
1999:
1972:
1897:
1865:
1269:
Plagioclase is the primary aluminium-bearing mineral in
2574:
2572:
2557:
2353:
2326:
2311:
2212:
2210:
1926:
1924:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1240:
is mainly oligoclase (sometimes albite) with flakes of
2365:
819:
Plagioclase almost universally shows a characteristic
2433:
British
Geological Survey: Rock Classification Scheme
2232:, Butterworth-Heinemann, 6th ed., 2006, pp. 238-267,
423:
414:
405:
402:
378:
369:
366:
2569:
2471:
2448:
2446:
2268:
2207:
1987:
1921:
1880:
1798:(Fourth ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1506:
1338:
rocks having sodium-rich plagioclase (An<50) and
519:
and is consequently an important diagnostic tool in
408:
390:
387:
372:
345:
342:
2148:
2017:
1737:Klein, Cornelis; Hurlbut, Cornelius S. Jr. (1993).
1385:
384:
339:
2269:
2149:
2091:
2018:
1716:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 219.
1342:rocks having calcium-rich plagioclase (An>50).
1324:
2443:
2371:
1739:Manual of mineralogy : (after James D. Dana)
1317:of the potassium in the melt as a trace element.
1265:QAPF diagram for classification of plutonic rocks
2768:
2090:
2052:Deer, W.A., Howie, R.A. and Zussman, J. (1966).
2455:Principles of igneous and metamorphic petrology
1741:(21st ed.). New York: Wiley. p. 543.
1730:
1458:) are present in potassium feldspar, is called
1014:that in turn gives an accurate composition. In
500:can substitute for each other in the mineral's
2426:"Rock Classification Scheme – Vol 1 – Igneous"
2045:
1851:. Princeton, N.J.: Van Nostrand. p. 450.
1822:Jackson, Julia A., ed. (1997). "plagioclase".
1817:
1815:
1614:Klein, Cornelis and Cornelius S. Hurbut, Jr.;
515:Plagioclase is a major constituent mineral in
2608:
2551:
2452:
1840:
826:
527:. Plagioclase is also a major constituent of
456:Johann Friedrich Christian Hessel (1796–1872)
2504:Principles of sedimentology and stratigraphy
2453:Philpotts, Anthony R.; Ague, Jay J. (2009).
2307:. Freeman, Cooper, and Company. p. 270.
2201:
2136:
2076:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2054:An Introduction to the Rock Forming Minerals
1915:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1776:
1736:
843:Plagioclase minerals and their compositions
596:Plagioclase is the most common and abundant
1812:
1077:
2615:
2601:
2252:Sterling, 3rd ed., 2007, pp. 52 – 53, 182
1796:A dictionary of geology and earth sciences
584: 'fracture', in reference to its two
27:
2393:
1981:
1942:
1903:
1846:
1782:
1696:
1584:
1394:, which defines the boundary between the
235:Biaxial (+) albite, biaxial (-) anorthite
2563:
2359:
2347:
2335:
2320:
2302:
2242:
1677:Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets
1260:
1252:
1147:
1111:and associated with rarer minerals like
769:'fracture'). The name was introduced by
309:
297:
2124:
1821:
1794:Allaby, Michael (2013). "plagioclase".
1610:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1365:
1356:
1123:
734:minor component of potassium feldspar.
2769:
2526:
1793:
1350:composed of at least 90% plagioclase.
608:family of minerals, it is abundant in
2596:
2578:
2501:
2489:
2477:
2216:
2005:
1993:
1930:
1891:
1874:
1711:
1670:
1628:
2290:participating institution membership
2222:
2170:participating institution membership
2112:participating institution membership
2039:participating institution membership
1601:
1561:"IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols"
1558:
469:(with respective compositions NaAlSi
2418:
1168:, where it is a constituent of the
784:is transparent to translucent. The
450:series, more properly known as the
13:
1671:Milam, K. A.; et al. (2010).
1618:Wiley, 20th ed., 1980, pp.454-456
1279:Bowen's continuous reaction series
1136:, named after the former name for
14:
2818:
2588:
2374:Journal of the Geological Society
529:rock in the highlands of the Moon
458:in 1826. The series ranges from
227:2.62 (albite) to 2.76 (anorthite)
2750:
2665:
2056:. London: Longman. p. 336.
1956:"Minerals Colored by Metal Ions"
1509:
1386:At the Mohorovičić discontinuity
992:
972:
952:
932:
912:
892:
335:
2520:
2495:
2296:
2262:
2142:
2084:
2011:
1948:
1325:Classification of igneous rocks
1248:
1705:
1664:
1657:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
1644:
1552:
780:is vitreous to pearly and the
1:
2303:McBirney, Anthony R. (1984).
1545:
1442:
1034:
616:, and it is also common as a
591:
285:, anorthite decomposed by HCl
2622:
1492:, and in powdered form as a
1230:
1222:
1057:
1049:
759:
747:
567: 'oblique' and
174:White, gray, or bluish white
7:
1502:
10:
2823:
1714:Introduction to mineralogy
1712:Nesse, William D. (2000).
1220:is derived from the Greek
1100:metamorphic rocks, and in
827:Plagioclase series members
764:
752:
570:
553:
217:Transparent to translucent
2807:Minerals in space group 2
2746:
2730:
2674:
2663:
2630:
2552:Philpotts & Ague 2009
2277:Oxford English Dictionary
2157:Oxford English Dictionary
2099:Oxford English Dictionary
2026:Oxford English Dictionary
1535:Planetary differentiation
1392:Mohorovičić discontinuity
875:
865:
850:
847:
289:
275:
239:
231:
221:
211:
201:
191:
178:
170:
165:
150:
128:
116:
106:
73:
59:
54:
26:
21:
2404:10.1144/gsjgs.148.5.0825
2202:Klein & Hurlbut 1993
2137:Klein & Hurlbut 1993
1960:minerals.gps.caltech.edu
1916:Klein & Hurlbut 1993
1847:Sinkankas, John (1964).
1777:Klein & Hurlbut 1993
1637:Plagioclase Mineral Data
1076:is named from the Latin
546:Its name comes from
533:thermal emission spectra
2282:Oxford University Press
2250:Gemstones of the World,
2162:Oxford University Press
2104:Oxford University Press
2031:Oxford University Press
1849:Mineralogy for amateurs
1479:
1257:Bowen's reaction series
1107:, often as the variety
302:Plagioclase displaying
2527:Leeder, M. R. (2011).
1565:Mineralogical Magazine
1486:construction aggregate
1266:
1258:
1153:
1078:
821:polysynthetic twinning
710:between anorthite and
327:
307:
47:polysynthetic twinning
1616:Manual of Mineralogy,
1264:
1256:
1151:
655:or calcium feldspar (
624:. It is not a single
438:(framework silicate)
313:
301:
2228:Michael O'Donoghue,
1698:10.1029/2009JE003495
1408:Tschermak's molecule
1366:In sedimentary rocks
1357:In metamorphic rocks
1228:('small, slight') +
1124:Intermediate members
1090:Jöns Jacob Berzelius
788:is brittle, and the
640:or sodium feldspar (
535:from the surface of
452:plagioclase feldspar
281:Albite insoluble in
2757:Minerals portal
2502:Boggs, Sam (2006).
2492:, pp. 219–220.
2386:1991JGSoc.148..825L
2350:, pp. 318–320.
2280:(Online ed.).
2160:(Online ed.).
2102:(Online ed.).
2029:(Online ed.).
1945:, pp. 456–457.
1877:, pp. 208–209.
1824:Glossary of geology
1689:2010JGRE..115.9004M
1586:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
1577:2021MinM...85..291W
1559:Warr, L.N. (2021).
1468:diffraction grating
1332:QAPF classification
1086:Johan Gottlieb Gahn
1047:in 1823 from Greek
844:
814:Lake County, Oregon
41:(gray) under cross
2802:Triclinic minerals
2782:Aluminium minerals
2738:Industrial mineral
2008:, p. 217-219.
1660:. Merriam-Webster.
1314:plagioclase effect
1267:
1259:
1154:
1098:greenschist facies
842:
712:potassium feldspar
328:
308:
232:Optical properties
2764:
2763:
2538:978-1-4051-7783-2
2464:978-0-521-88006-0
2305:Igneous Petrology
2288:(Subscription or
2248:Walter Schumann,
2168:(Subscription or
2110:(Subscription or
2037:(Subscription or
1805:978-0-19-965306-5
1723:978-0-19-510691-6
1000:
999:
771:August Breithaupt
512:-groove" effect.
434:) is a series of
306:. (unknown scale)
296:
295:
146:
37:of a plagioclase
2814:
2787:Calcium minerals
2755:
2754:
2753:
2669:
2617:
2610:
2603:
2594:
2593:
2582:
2576:
2567:
2561:
2555:
2549:
2543:
2542:
2524:
2518:
2517:
2499:
2493:
2487:
2481:
2475:
2469:
2468:
2450:
2441:
2440:
2430:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2397:
2369:
2363:
2357:
2351:
2345:
2339:
2333:
2324:
2318:
2309:
2308:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2285:
2273:
2266:
2260:
2246:
2240:
2226:
2220:
2214:
2205:
2199:
2174:
2173:
2165:
2153:
2146:
2140:
2134:
2128:
2122:
2116:
2115:
2107:
2095:
2088:
2082:
2081:
2075:
2067:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2034:
2022:
2015:
2009:
2003:
1997:
1991:
1985:
1979:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1966:
1952:
1946:
1940:
1934:
1928:
1919:
1913:
1907:
1901:
1895:
1889:
1878:
1872:
1863:
1862:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1819:
1810:
1809:
1791:
1780:
1774:
1753:
1752:
1734:
1728:
1727:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1640:, WebMineral.com
1632:
1626:
1612:
1599:
1598:
1588:
1556:
1530:List of minerals
1519:
1514:
1513:
1512:
1434:
1420:
1235:
1227:
1083:
1062:
1054:
1021:extinction angle
1012:refractive index
996:
976:
956:
936:
916:
896:
845:
841:
801:
794:triclinic system
768:
762:
756:
750:
724:
692:
669:
650:
622:sedimentary rock
614:metamorphic rock
581:
574:
564:
557:
506:crystal twinning
431:-, -klayz
430:
427:-(ee)-ə-klayss,
426:
421:
420:
417:
416:
413:
410:
407:
404:
399:
398:
395:
392:
389:
386:
381:
380:
377:
374:
371:
368:
365:
360:
359:
354:
353:
350:
347:
344:
341:
241:Refractive index
223:Specific gravity
184:
161:
140:
137:
80:
79:(repeating unit)
31:
19:
18:
16:Type of feldspar
2822:
2821:
2817:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2812:
2811:
2777:Sodium minerals
2767:
2766:
2765:
2760:
2751:
2749:
2742:
2726:
2675:Common minerals
2670:
2661:
2626:
2621:
2591:
2586:
2585:
2577:
2570:
2562:
2558:
2550:
2546:
2539:
2525:
2521:
2514:
2500:
2496:
2488:
2484:
2476:
2472:
2465:
2451:
2444:
2428:
2424:
2423:
2419:
2395:10.1.1.692.4446
2370:
2366:
2358:
2354:
2346:
2342:
2334:
2327:
2319:
2312:
2301:
2297:
2287:
2267:
2263:
2247:
2243:
2227:
2223:
2215:
2208:
2200:
2177:
2167:
2147:
2143:
2135:
2131:
2123:
2119:
2109:
2089:
2085:
2069:
2068:
2064:
2050:
2046:
2036:
2016:
2012:
2004:
2000:
1992:
1988:
1980:
1973:
1964:
1962:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1941:
1937:
1929:
1922:
1914:
1910:
1902:
1898:
1890:
1881:
1873:
1866:
1859:
1845:
1841:
1834:
1820:
1813:
1806:
1792:
1783:
1775:
1756:
1749:
1735:
1731:
1724:
1710:
1706:
1669:
1665:
1650:
1649:
1645:
1634:
1633:
1629:
1613:
1602:
1557:
1553:
1548:
1517:Minerals portal
1515:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1490:dimension stone
1482:
1445:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1388:
1368:
1359:
1327:
1275:primitive magma
1251:
1126:
1037:
873:
869:
863:
862:
858:
854:
829:
799:
731:alkali feldspar
723:
719:
715:
708:miscibility gap
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
668:
664:
660:
656:
649:
645:
641:
594:
502:crystal lattice
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
428:
424:
401:
383:
362:
356:
338:
334:
270:
266:
262:
258:
256:
252:
248:
182:
159:
139:
135:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
78:
77:
66:mineral group,
50:
43:polarized light
35:photomicrograph
17:
12:
11:
5:
2820:
2810:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2792:Tectosilicates
2789:
2784:
2779:
2762:
2761:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2740:
2734:
2732:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2678:
2676:
2672:
2671:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2659:
2658:
2657:
2647:
2646:
2645:
2634:
2632:
2628:
2627:
2620:
2619:
2612:
2605:
2597:
2590:
2589:External links
2587:
2584:
2583:
2581:, p. 220.
2568:
2566:, p. 270.
2556:
2544:
2537:
2519:
2512:
2494:
2482:
2480:, p. 219.
2470:
2463:
2442:
2417:
2380:(5): 825–833.
2364:
2362:, p. 396.
2352:
2340:
2338:, p. 107.
2325:
2323:, p. 104.
2310:
2295:
2261:
2241:
2221:
2219:, p. 213.
2206:
2204:, p. 543.
2175:
2141:
2139:, p. 568.
2129:
2117:
2083:
2062:
2044:
2010:
1998:
1996:, p. 209.
1986:
1984:, p. 450.
1982:Sinkankas 1964
1971:
1947:
1943:Sinkankas 1964
1935:
1933:, p. 215.
1920:
1918:, p. 541.
1908:
1906:, p. 457.
1904:Sinkankas 1964
1896:
1894:, p. 216.
1879:
1864:
1857:
1839:
1832:
1811:
1804:
1781:
1779:, p. 542.
1754:
1747:
1729:
1722:
1704:
1663:
1643:
1627:
1600:
1571:(3): 291–320.
1550:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1504:
1501:
1481:
1478:
1444:
1441:
1431:
1427:
1417:
1413:
1387:
1384:
1367:
1364:
1358:
1355:
1348:intrusive rock
1326:
1323:
1290:olivine basalt
1250:
1247:
1246:
1245:
1203:
1185:
1146:
1145:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1120:
1071:
1036:
1033:
998:
997:
990:
987:
984:
978:
977:
970:
967:
964:
958:
957:
950:
947:
944:
938:
937:
930:
927:
924:
918:
917:
910:
907:
904:
898:
897:
890:
887:
884:
878:
877:
874:
871:
867:
864:
860:
856:
852:
849:
828:
825:
796:, space group
721:
717:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
666:
662:
658:
647:
643:
630:solid solution
604:. Part of the
593:
590:
531:. Analysis of
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
448:solid solution
294:
293:
291:
287:
286:
279:
273:
272:
268:
264:
260:
254:
250:
246:
243:
237:
236:
233:
229:
228:
225:
219:
218:
215:
209:
208:
205:
199:
198:
195:
189:
188:
185:
176:
175:
172:
168:
167:
166:Identification
163:
162:
154:
148:
147:
132:
126:
125:
120:
118:Crystal system
114:
113:
110:
104:
103:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
81:
71:
70:
61:
57:
56:
52:
51:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2819:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2759:
2758:
2745:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2729:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2673:
2668:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2651:
2648:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2618:
2613:
2611:
2606:
2604:
2599:
2598:
2595:
2580:
2575:
2573:
2565:
2564:McBirney 1984
2560:
2553:
2548:
2540:
2534:
2530:
2523:
2515:
2513:0-13-154728-3
2509:
2505:
2498:
2491:
2486:
2479:
2474:
2466:
2460:
2456:
2449:
2447:
2439:: 1–52. 1999.
2438:
2434:
2427:
2421:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2368:
2361:
2360:McBirney 1984
2356:
2349:
2348:McBirney 1984
2344:
2337:
2336:McBirney 1984
2332:
2330:
2322:
2321:McBirney 1984
2317:
2315:
2306:
2299:
2291:
2283:
2279:
2278:
2272:
2265:
2259:
2258:1-4027-4016-6
2255:
2251:
2245:
2239:
2238:0-7506-5856-8
2235:
2231:
2225:
2218:
2213:
2211:
2203:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2171:
2163:
2159:
2158:
2152:
2145:
2138:
2133:
2126:
2121:
2113:
2105:
2101:
2100:
2094:
2087:
2079:
2073:
2065:
2063:0-582-44210-9
2059:
2055:
2048:
2040:
2032:
2028:
2027:
2021:
2014:
2007:
2002:
1995:
1990:
1983:
1978:
1976:
1961:
1957:
1951:
1944:
1939:
1932:
1927:
1925:
1917:
1912:
1905:
1900:
1893:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1876:
1871:
1869:
1860:
1858:0-442-27624-9
1854:
1850:
1843:
1835:
1833:0-922152-34-9
1829:
1825:
1818:
1816:
1807:
1801:
1797:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1778:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1750:
1748:0-471-57452-X
1744:
1740:
1733:
1725:
1719:
1715:
1708:
1699:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1667:
1659:
1658:
1653:
1652:"Plagioclase"
1647:
1639:
1638:
1631:
1625:
1624:0-471-80580-7
1621:
1617:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1596:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1555:
1551:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1507:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1477:
1475:
1474:
1469:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1452:
1440:
1438:
1424:
1409:
1405:
1404:clinopyroxene
1401:
1397:
1396:Earth's crust
1393:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1376:clay minerals
1373:
1363:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1322:
1318:
1315:
1310:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1263:
1255:
1243:
1239:
1234:
1233:
1226:
1225:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1208:is common in
1207:
1204:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1172:igneous rock
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1150:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1130:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1109:cleavelandite
1106:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1082:
1081:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1068:calc-alkaline
1066:
1061:
1060:
1053:
1052:
1046:
1043:was named by
1042:
1039:
1038:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1023:
1022:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
995:
991:
988:
985:
983:
980:
979:
975:
971:
968:
965:
963:
960:
959:
955:
951:
948:
945:
943:
940:
939:
935:
931:
928:
925:
923:
920:
919:
915:
911:
908:
905:
903:
900:
899:
895:
891:
888:
885:
883:
880:
879:
846:
840:
838:
834:
824:
822:
817:
815:
811:
805:
802:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
774:
772:
767:
761:
757:'oblique') +
755:
749:
745:
744:Ancient Greek
740:
739:Mohs hardness
735:
732:
728:
713:
709:
703:
701:
696:
654:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
602:Earth's crust
599:
598:mineral group
589:
587:
583:
580:
573:
569:
566:
563:
556:
552:
549:
548:Ancient Greek
544:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
525:igneous rocks
522:
518:
517:Earth's crust
513:
511:
507:
503:
499:
496:
492:
468:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
436:tectosilicate
433:
432:
419:
332:
325:
321:
317:
312:
305:
300:
292:
288:
284:
280:
278:
274:
244:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
224:
220:
216:
214:
210:
206:
204:
200:
196:
194:
190:
186:
181:
177:
173:
169:
164:
158:
155:
153:
149:
144:
133:
131:
130:Crystal class
127:
124:
121:
119:
115:
111:
109:
105:
82:
76:
72:
69:
68:tectosilicate
65:
62:
58:
53:
48:
44:
40:
36:
30:
25:
20:
2748:
2706:
2559:
2554:, p. 2.
2547:
2528:
2522:
2503:
2497:
2485:
2473:
2454:
2436:
2432:
2420:
2377:
2373:
2367:
2355:
2343:
2304:
2298:
2275:
2271:"oligoclase"
2264:
2249:
2244:
2229:
2224:
2155:
2144:
2132:
2125:Jackson 1997
2120:
2097:
2086:
2053:
2047:
2024:
2013:
2001:
1989:
1963:. Retrieved
1959:
1950:
1938:
1911:
1899:
1848:
1842:
1823:
1795:
1738:
1732:
1713:
1707:
1680:
1676:
1666:
1655:
1646:
1636:
1630:
1615:
1568:
1564:
1554:
1498:
1483:
1471:
1464:
1455:
1449:
1446:
1407:
1400:upper mantle
1389:
1369:
1360:
1352:
1328:
1319:
1313:
1311:
1283:
1268:
1249:Petrogenesis
1217:
1194:and related
1180:is found in
1127:
1108:
1096:veins, with
1094:hydrothermal
1019:
1016:thin section
1004:in the field
1001:
830:
818:
806:
797:
775:
736:
704:
694:
595:
578:
575:
568:
561:
558:
551:
545:
514:
451:
330:
329:
320:fine-grained
259:Anorthite: n
156:
134:Pinacoidal (
2707:Plagioclase
2687:Bridgmanite
2151:"bytownite"
2020:"anorthite"
1525:Hypersolvus
1344:Anorthosite
1216:. The name
1178:spectrolite
1174:anorthosite
1158:Labradorite
1142:basic rocks
1045:Gustav Rose
1008:grain mount
922:Labradorite
810:Ferric iron
782:diaphaneity
634:end members
628:, but is a
620:mineral in
442:within the
331:Plagioclase
213:Diaphaneity
152:Space group
22:Plagioclase
2771:Categories
2692:K-feldspar
2650:Mineralogy
2579:Nesse 2000
2490:Nesse 2000
2478:Nesse 2000
2292:required.)
2217:Nesse 2000
2172:required.)
2114:required.)
2041:required.)
2006:Nesse 2000
1994:Nesse 2000
1965:2023-03-01
1931:Nesse 2000
1892:Nesse 2000
1875:Nesse 2000
1546:References
1473:chatoyance
1451:exsolution
1443:Exsolution
1372:sandstones
1218:oligoclase
1206:Oligoclase
1162:iridescent
1113:tourmaline
1055:('not') +
1035:Endmembers
1029:microscope
1026:polarizing
962:Oligoclase
592:Properties
467:endmembers
290:References
277:Solubility
180:Mohs scale
143:H-M symbol
108:IMA symbol
2682:Amphibole
2390:CiteSeerX
2127:, albite.
2072:cite book
1595:235729616
1540:Subsolvus
1214:monzonite
1196:volcanics
1170:intrusive
1134:Bytownite
1102:pegmatite
1041:Anorthite
1024:under a
902:Bytownite
882:Anorthite
835:(%An) or
833:anorthite
653:anorthite
543:of Mars.
521:petrology
489:), where
464:anorthite
245:Albite: n
123:Triclinic
2797:Feldspar
2712:Pyroxene
2631:Overview
2624:Minerals
2412:28548230
2093:"albite"
1503:See also
1460:perthite
1456:lamellae
1421:) or in
1398:and the
1380:smectite
1378:such as
1340:gabbroic
1336:dioritic
1306:diopside
1302:eutectic
1294:andesite
1286:liquidus
1242:hematite
1238:Sunstone
1200:andesite
1198:such as
1188:Andesine
1166:Labrador
1065:orogenic
942:Andesine
866:% NaAlSi
790:fracture
786:tenacity
618:detrital
606:feldspar
588:angles.
586:cleavage
444:feldspar
440:minerals
324:crystals
316:volcanic
304:cleavage
249:1.527, n
197:Vitreous
183:hardness
64:Feldspar
60:Category
2731:Related
2702:Olivine
2655:History
2638:Mineral
2382:Bibcode
1685:Bibcode
1573:Bibcode
1423:jadeite
1210:granite
1182:Finland
1070:suites.
851:% CaAl
754:πλάγιος
748:plágios
632:of two
626:mineral
610:igneous
600:in the
562:plágios
555:πλάγιος
495:calcium
477:to CaAl
318:rocks,
267:1.585 n
263:1.577 n
253:1.532 n
75:Formula
55:General
39:crystal
2722:Spinel
2717:Quartz
2535:
2510:
2461:
2410:
2392:
2256:
2236:
2060:
1855:
1830:
1802:
1745:
1720:
1683:(E9).
1622:
1593:
1494:filler
1437:garnet
1426:NaAlSi
1346:is an
1298:dacite
1232:klásis
1224:olígos
1192:silica
1138:Ottawa
1074:Albite
1059:orthós
989:100–90
982:Albite
886:90–100
876:Image
837:albite
778:luster
766:κλάσις
760:klásis
727:albite
693:where
651:) and
642:NaAlSi
638:albite
579:klásis
572:κλάσις
510:record
491:sodium
460:albite
203:Streak
193:Luster
141:(same
91:– CaAl
83:NaAlSi
2429:(PDF)
2408:S2CID
2286:
2166:
2108:
2035:
1591:S2CID
1488:, as
1271:mafic
1117:beryl
1105:dikes
1080:albus
969:90–70
966:10–30
949:70–50
946:30–50
929:50–30
926:50–70
909:30–10
906:70–90
848:Name
716:KAlSi
550:
541:crust
498:atoms
429:PLAYJ
271:1.590
257:1.538
207:White
187:6–6.5
171:Color
2697:Mica
2643:List
2533:ISBN
2508:ISBN
2459:ISBN
2254:ISBN
2234:ISBN
2230:Gems
2078:link
2058:ISBN
1853:ISBN
1828:ISBN
1800:ISBN
1743:ISBN
1718:ISBN
1620:ISBN
1480:Uses
1412:CaAl
1390:The
1284:The
1212:and
1115:and
1088:and
986:0–10
889:10–0
776:The
700:mol%
657:CaAl
612:and
537:Mars
508:or "
493:and
425:PLAJ
2400:doi
2378:148
1693:doi
1681:115
1581:doi
1416:SiO
1406:as
1051:an-
714:, (
686:3−x
682:1+x
674:1−x
462:to
400:-,-
314:In
283:HCl
2773::
2571:^
2445:^
2435:.
2431:.
2406:.
2398:.
2388:.
2376:.
2328:^
2313:^
2274:.
2209:^
2178:^
2154:.
2096:.
2074:}}
2070:{{
2023:.
1974:^
1958:.
1923:^
1882:^
1867:^
1814:^
1784:^
1757:^
1691:.
1679:.
1675:.
1654:.
1603:^
1589:.
1579:.
1569:85
1567:.
1563:.
1476:.
1462:.
1439:.
1382:.
855:Si
684:Si
680:Al
676:Ca
672:Na
661:Si
636:,
481:Si
412:eɪ
397:dʒ
394:eɪ
376:eɪ
352:dʒ
138:)
112:Pl
95:Si
33:A
2616:e
2609:t
2602:v
2541:.
2516:.
2467:.
2437:1
2414:.
2402::
2384::
2284:.
2164:.
2106:.
2080:)
2066:.
2033:.
1968:.
1861:.
1836:.
1808:.
1751:.
1726:.
1701:.
1695::
1687::
1597:.
1583::
1575::
1432:6
1430:O
1428:2
1418:6
1414:2
1410:(
1244:.
1202:.
1184:.
1144:.
1119:.
872:8
870:O
868:3
861:8
859:O
857:2
853:2
800:1
798:P
763:(
751:(
722:8
720:O
718:3
695:x
690:8
688:O
678:x
667:8
665:O
663:2
659:2
648:8
646:O
644:3
582:)
576:(
565:)
559:(
487:8
485:O
483:2
479:2
475:8
473:O
471:3
418:/
415:z
409:l
406:k
403:ˌ
391:l
388:p
385:ˈ
382:,
379:s
373:l
370:k
367:ˌ
364:ə
361:)
358:i
355:(
349:æ
346:l
343:p
340:ˈ
337:/
333:(
326:.
269:γ
265:β
261:α
255:γ
251:β
247:α
160:1
157:C
145:)
136:1
101:8
99:O
97:2
93:2
89:8
87:O
85:3
49:.
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