Peter Paul Rubens - Knowledge

3681:: "D.O.M./PETRVS PAVLVS RVBENIVS eques/IOANNIS, huius urbis senatoris/flfius steini Toparcha:/qui inter cæteras quibus ad miraculum/excelluit doctrinæ historiæ priscæ/omniumq. bonarum artiu. et elegantiaru. dotes/ non sui tantum sæculi,/ sed et omnes ævi/ Appeles dicit meruit:/atque ad Regum Principumq. Virorum amicitias/gradum sibi fecit:/a. PHILIPPO IV. Hispaniarum Indiarumq. Rege / inter Sanctioris Concilli scribas Adscitus,/ et ad CAROLVM Magmnæ Brittaniæ Regem/Anno M.DC.XXIX. delegatus,/pacis inter eosdem principes mox initæ/fundamenta filiciter posuit./ Obiit anno sal. M.DC.XL.XXX. May ætatis LXIV. Hoc momumenteum a Clarissimo GEVARTIO/olim PETRO PAVLO RVBENIO consecratum/ a Posteris huc usque neglectum,/ Rubeniana stirpe Masculina jam inde extincta/ hoc anno M.DCC.LV. Poni Curavit./ R.D. JOANNES BAPT. JACOBVS DE PARYS. Hujus insignis Eccelsiæ Canonicus/ ex matre et avia Rubenia nepos./ R.I.P." ("In honor of the good and all-powerful God. Peter Paul Rubens, knight, son of Jan, alderman of this city and Lord of Steen, who, apart from his other talents, through which he excelled miraculously in the knowledge of (old) history and of all (useful) noble and beautiful arts, also deserved the glorious name of Apelles, of his time as of all centuries, and who gained the friendship of kings and princes, was elevated to the dignity of writer of the Secret Council; and was sent by Philip IV, King of Spain and India, as his envoy to Charles, King of Great Britain, in 1629, (fortunately) laid the foundations for peace, which was soon made between the two monarchs. He died in the year of the Lord 1640, 30 May, at the age of 64. May he rest in peace") 1210: 2886: 2804: 2996: 2611: 2237: 1826: 2441: 2406: 2569: 2713: 2215: 2088: 2264: 2299: 1536: 2314: 2128: 2784: 2359: 2469: 1328: 2909: 2193: 2530: 2175: 2949: 852: 3021: 2638: 2764: 559: 56: 2685: 733: 1267: 2423: 1382: 2054: 2386: 2866: 975: 2279: 2848: 2749: 1098: 2827: 1692: 1556:

shadows shielding them from being completely unclothed. These men are twisting, reaching, bending, and grasping: all of which portrays his male subjects engaged in a great deal of physical, sometimes aggressive, action. The concepts Rubens artistically represents illustrate the male as powerful, capable, forceful and compelling. The allegorical and symbolic subjects he painted reference the classic masculine tropes of athleticism, high achievement, valour in war, and civil authority. Male archetypes readily found in Rubens's paintings include the hero, husband, father, civic leader, king, and the battle weary.

2551: 2931: 2512: 2071: 773:. It is possible that he was hired by the Duke during his stay in Venice or that Otto van Veen, who was court painter to Archdukes Albert and Isabella, joint governors of Flanders, had introduced Rubens to the Duke during the latter's visit to the Brussels court. The small duchy of Mantua was renowned as an art centre and the Duke as an avid art collector with a rich collection of Italian masters. Rubens mainly painted portraits of the Duke's family and also copied the famous Renaissance paintings in the Duke’s collection. With financial support from the Duke, Rubens travelled to 2329: 659: 1038: 2667: 1475: 2110: 2591: 966:. Rubens continued to correspond with many of his friends and contacts in Italian, signed his name as "Pietro Paolo Rubens", and spoke longingly of returning to the peninsula—a wish that never materialised. Rubens was a polyglot who corresponded not only in Italian and Dutch, but also in French, Spanish and Latin. His mother tongue and most commonly used idiom remained, however, the dialect of Brabant. This is demonstrated in that he wrote his most spontaneous letters in that dialect and also used it for the notes on his drawings and designs. 2734: 2344: 488:. His father's family were long-time residents of Antwerp tracing their lineage there back to 1350. Records show that a certain Arnold Rubens bought 'a house with court' in the Gasthuisstraat in Antwerp in 1396. The Rubens family belonged to the well-to-do bourgeois class and its members were known to operate grocery shops and pharmacies. Jan Rubens decided to study law and lived from 1556 to 1562 in the main cities of Italy to further his studies. He was awarded the degree of doctor of ecclesiastical and civil law by the 921: 2978: 2494: 278: 598: 2143: 1565: 702:. Van Veen instilled in Rubens the ideal of the 'pictor doctus' (learned painter), who understands that painting requires not only practice, but also on knowledge of art theory Classical art and literature and the masters of the Italian Renaissance. He also introduced Rubens to the 'code of conduct' which court painters needed to respect to become successful. Rubens completed his apprenticeship with van Veen in 1598, the year he entered the 590:

of the Low Countries and maintain the bail bond of 6,000 thalers as security. He was allowed to leave his place of exile in Siegen and to move the Rubens family to Cologne. While in Siegen, the family had of necessity belonged to the Lutheran Church in Cologne; the family now reconverted to Catholicism. The eldest son, Jan Baptist, who may also have been an artist, left for Italy in 1586. Jan Rubens died in 1587 and was buried in Cologne's

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rendered, these paintings of nude women are thought by feminists to have been created to sexually appeal to his largely male audience of patrons, although the female nude as an example of beauty has been a traditional motif in European art for centuries. Rubens was quite fond of painting full-figured women, giving rise to terms like 'Rubensian' or 'Rubenesque' (sometimes 'Rubensesque'). His large-scale cycle representing

4379: 1589:. About 20 pupils or assistants of Rubens have been identified, with various levels of evidence to include them as such. It is also not clear from surviving records whether a particular person was a pupil or assistant in Rubens's workshop or was an artist who was an independent master collaborating on specific works with Rubens. The unknown Jacob Moerman was registered as his pupil while 698:. Van Veen offered Rubens the intellectual and artistic stimulation that suited his temperament. Van Veen had spent five years in Italy and was an accomplished portraitist and had a broad Humanist education. He knew Spanish royalty and had received portrait commissions as a court painter to Albert VII, Archduke of Austria and Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia of Spain, the sovereigns of the 585:, Jan Rubens was permitted to leave prison after two years. The conditions of his release were a ban on practising as a lawyer and the obligation to take up residence in Siegen where his movements would be supervised. This put the rest of the family, who had joined Jan in Siegen, in financial difficulty. During this period two sons were born: 547:- reacted to the unrest by ordering the severe repression of the followers of the Reformation. In 1568, the Rubens family, with two boys and two girls (Jan Baptist (1562–1600), Blandina (1564–1606), Clara (1565–1580) and Hendrik (1567–1583)), fled to Cologne. As Calvinists, they feared persecution in their homeland during the harsh rule of 1303:

Some members of the courts he visited did not treat him as an equal as they held that courtiers should not use their hands in any art or trade, but he was also received as an equal gentleman by many others. Rubens was raised by Philip IV of Spain to the nobility in 1624 and knighted by Charles I

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painted by Rubens himself. The painting expresses the basic tenets of the Counter Reformation through the figures of the Virgin and saints. In the upper niche of the retable is a marble statue depicting the Virgin as the Mater Dolorosa whose heart is pierced by a sword, which was likely sculpted by

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in 1574, followed in 1577 by Peter Paul who, although likely born in Siegen, was reportedly baptised in Cologne. Anna of Saxony died in 1577. The travel ban imposed on Jan Rubens was lifted in 1578 on condition that he not settle in the Prince of Orange's possessions nor in the hereditary dominions

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focuses on several classic female archetypes like the virgin, consort, wife, widow, and diplomatic regent. The inclusion of this iconography in his female portraits, along with his art depicting noblewomen of the day, serve to elevate his female portrait sitters to the status and importance of his

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Museum, the Italian-influenced villa in the centre of Antwerp accommodated his workshop, where he and his apprentices made most of the paintings, and his personal art collection and library, both among the most extensive in Antwerp. During this time he built up a studio with numerous students and

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of the Virgin and Child. The first version, a single canvas (now at the Musée des Beaux-Arts, Grenoble), was immediately replaced by a second version on three slate panels that permits the actual miraculous holy image of the "Santa Maria in Vallicella" to be revealed on important feast days by a

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Rubens's depiction of males is equally stylised, replete with meaning, and quite the opposite of his female subjects. His male nudes represent highly athletic and large mythical or biblical men. Unlike his female nudes, most of his male nudes are depicted partially nude, with sashes, armour, or

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who at the time lived in Cologne. She later moved to Siegen about 90 kilometres from Cologne. Jan Rubens would visit her there while his family remained in Cologne. He had an affair with Anna of Saxony, which resulted in a pregnancy in 1571. Rubens was imprisoned in Dillenburg Castle and under

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His biblical and mythological nudes are especially well-known. Painted in the Baroque tradition of depicting women as soft-bodied, passive, and to the modern eye highly sexualised beings, his nudes emphasise the concepts of fertility, desire, physical beauty, temptation, and virtue. Skilfully

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While his brother Philip would continue with his humanistic and scholarly education while working as a private teacher, Peter Paul first took up a position as a page to the countess Marguerite de Ligne-Arenberg, whose father-in-law had been the governor general of the Spanish Netherlands. The

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removable copper cover, also painted by the artist. His brother Philip was also at the time of his second residence in Rome as a scholar. The brothers lived together on Via della Croce near Piazza di Spagna. They had thus the opportunity to share their common interest in Classical art.

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tradition. Rubens's highly charged compositions reference erudite aspects of classical and Christian history. His unique and immensely popular Baroque style emphasised movement, colour, and sensuality, which followed the immediate, dramatic artistic style promoted in the

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to get information on political developments in France. Between 1627 and 1630, Rubens was very active as a diplomat. He travelled between the courts of Spain and England in an attempt to bring about peace between the Catholic Spanish Netherlands and the Protestant

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Rubens was in Madrid for eight months in 1628–1629. In addition to diplomatic negotiations, he executed several important works for Philip IV and private patrons. He also began a renewed study of Titian's paintings, copying numerous works including the Madrid

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rulers entrusted Rubens with diplomatic missions. While in Paris in 1622 to discuss the Marie de' Medici cycle, Rubens engaged in clandestine information gathering activities, which at the time was an important task of diplomats. He relied on his friendship with

1030:, and to also work for other clients. He remained close to the Archduchess Isabella until her death in 1633, and was called upon as a painter and also as an ambassador and diplomat. Rubens further cemented his ties to the city when, on 3 October 1609, he married 436:. The book was influential in spreading the Genoese palace style in Northern Europe. Rubens was an avid art collector and had one of the largest collections of art and books in Antwerp. He was also an art dealer and is known to have sold important art objects to 1585:. He had, as was usual at the time, a large workshop with many apprentices and students. It has not always been possible to identify who were Rubens's pupils and assistants since as a court painter Rubens was not required to register his pupils with the Antwerp 654:

in 1592. Verhaecht was married to Suzanna van Mockenborch, who was a granddaughter of Peter Paul Rubens' stepfather Jan de Landmetere and also a cousin of his mother. This family connection possibly explains the choice for Verhaecht as his first master.

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and Titian and had created upon their return home artworks that reflected their engagement with these Italian innovations. Rubens' apprenticeship with van Noort lasted about four years during which he improved his handling of figures and faces.

2885: 724:(Bildergalerie, Potsdam-Sanssouci) show the influence of his master van Veen. This style was characterised by a pronounced Italianate mannerism constrained by the Antwerp workshop tradition and the Italian art theory of the Renaissance. 630:

countess was the widow of Count Philippe de Lalaing and probably lived in Oudenaarde. Even though intellectually and temperamentally suited for a career as a courtier, Rubens had from a young age been attracted by the woodblock prints of

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Upon hearing of his mother's illness in 1608, Rubens planned his departure from Italy for Antwerp, but she died before he arrived home. His return coincided with a period of renewed prosperity in the city with the signing of the

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Rubens's experiences in Italy continued to influence his work even after his return to Flanders. His stay in Italy had also allowed him to build a network of friendships with important figures of his time such as the scientist

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in Antwerp. A burial chapel for the artist and his family was built in the church. Construction on the chapel started in 1642 and was completed in 1650 when Cornelis van Mildert (the son of Rubens's friend, the sculptor

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Rubens left Verhaecht's workshop after about one year as he wished to study history painting rather than landscape painting. He then continued his studies with one of the city's leading painters of the time, the artist

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education in Cologne which they continued after their move to Antwerp. They studied at the Latin school of Rombout Verdonck in Antwerp, where they studied Latin and classical literature. Philip later became a prominent

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While Rubens's international reputation with collectors and nobility abroad continued to grow during this decade, he and his workshop also continued to paint monumental paintings for local patrons in Antwerp. The

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to engrave a number of his notable religious and mythological paintings, to which Rubens appended personal and professional dedications to noteworthy individuals in the Southern Netherlands, United Provinces,

2908: 387:) and moved to Antwerp at about 12. In addition to running a large workshop in Antwerp that produced paintings popular with nobility and art collectors throughout Europe, Rubens was a classically educated 2948: 1511:

and two of her children (one of whom was fathered by Rubens) were later also laid to rest in the chapel. Over the coming centuries about 80 descendants from the Rubens family were interred in the chapel.

2127: 2783: 2568: 2358: 594:, a Catholic church. The widow Maria Pypelinckx returned with the rest of the family (i.e. Blandina, Philip and Peter Paul) to Antwerp in 1590, where they moved into a house on the Kloosterstraat. 4852: 1209: 2214: 1581:

Paintings from Rubens's workshop can be divided into three categories: those he painted by himself, those he painted in part (mainly hands and faces), and copies supervised from his drawings or

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Corpus Rubenianum Ludwig Burchard. An Illustrated Catalogue Raisonne of the Work of Peter Paul Rubens Based on the Material Assembled by the Late Dr. Ludwig Burchard in Twenty-Seven Parts

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who would later accompany him on his trip to Italy. He seems to have remained an assistant in van Veen’s after becoming and independent master. His works from this period, such as the

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and the two planned to travel to Italy together the following year. Rubens, however, returned to Antwerp following the death of his mother and Velázquez made the journey without him.

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and Tintoretto had an immediate effect on Rubens's painting, and his later, mature style was profoundly influenced by Titian. His visit to Venice coincided with that of Duke

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Cecilia Paolini, Philip and Peter Paul Rubens in Rome: newly discovered documents concerning their early careers, The Burlington Magazine, February 2019, pp. 120-127

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Weststeijn, T. (2008). The Visible world: Samuel van Hoogstraten's art theory and the legitimation of painting in the Dutch Golden Age. Amsterdam University Press.

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but died young. In 1590, the brothers had to interrupt their schooling and go to work, in order to contribute financially to their sister Blandina's dowry.

5012: 2385: 5348: 4548: 2733: 2070: 899:(National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.), and the portrait of Maria di Antonio Serra Pallavicini, in a style that influenced later paintings by 4748: 4460: 1415:(both Prado, Madrid). In the latter painting, which was made for the Spanish court, the artist's young wife was recognised by viewers in the figure of 5140: 1825: 4484: 2142: 962: 737: 2748: 2511: 3784:

Balis, A, Rubens and his Studio: Defining the Problem. in Rubens: a Genius at Work. Rubens: a Genius at Work, Warnsveld (Lannoo), 2007, pp. 30–51

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Antwerpen Sint-Pauluskerk: Rubens En De Mysteries Van De Rozenkrans = Rubens Et Les Mystères Du Rosaire = Rubens and the Mysteries of the Rosary

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Rubens's last decade was spent in and around Antwerp. Major works for foreign patrons still occupied him, such as the ceiling paintings for the

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His stay in Antwerp was brief, and he soon travelled on to London where he remained until April 1630. An important work from this period is the

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Until his death in 1587, father Jan had been intensively involved in his sons' education. Peter Paul and his older brother Philip received a

552: 2590: 3635: 3098: 2930: 1456:(Pitti Gallery, Florence), reflect the more personal nature of many of his later works. He also drew upon the Netherlandish traditions of 4434: 2826: 935:(the brother of Maria Pallavicini), his most important commission to date for the High Altar of the city's most fashionable new church, 5388: 4588: 2077: 2328: 5644: 5500: 5316: 5004: 3080: 1781:, Rome, was imported to England in 1811. It was auctioned in 1812 and again in 1820 and 1821 but was lost at sea sometime after 1821. 5668: 5604: 4820: 4492: 2365: 2060: 2038:

helped to demonstrate that the work was not a later copy by a lesser artist but was the original by the hand of the master himself.

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Functies van doodverf met bijzondere aandacht voor de onderschildering en andere onderliggende stadia in het werk van P. P. Rubens

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as an independent master. As an independent master, he was allowed to take commissions and train apprentices. His first pupil was

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Lamster, Mark. Master of Shadows: The Secret Diplomatic Career of the Painter Peter Paul Rubens, Random House Incorporated, 2010.

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of mythological and allegorical subjects. He was also a prolific designer of cartoons for the Flemish tapestry workshops and of

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In 1630, four years after the death of his first wife Isabella, the 53-year-old painter married her niece, the 16-year-old

911:. He made drawings of the many new palaces that were going up in Genoa. These were later engraved and published in 1622 as 840:

in Antwerp after he had returned home. During this first stay in Rome, Rubens completed his first altarpiece commission,

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Rubens: A Genius at Work : the Works of Peter Paul Rubens in the Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium Reconsidered

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of England in 1630. Philip IV confirmed Rubens's status as a knight a few months later. Rubens was awarded an honorary

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Pieter Paul Rubens als diplomatiek debutant. Het verhaal van een ambitieus politiek agent in de vroege zeventiende eeuw

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was removed by Napoleon's agents from Schloss Schleissheim, near Munich, 1800 and was destroyed later in a fire at the

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threat of execution for his transgression. The illegitimate daughter, Christina of Dietz, was born on 22 August 1571.

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Hans Devisscher. "Verhaecht, Tobias." Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press. Web. 29 May 2024

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in Antwerp from 1562 to 1568. Jan Rubens married Maria Pypelinckx, who came from a prominent family originally from

5847: 5196: 1247:, commissioned Rubens to paint two large allegorical cycles celebrating her life and the life of her late husband, 817: 235: 2493: 5977: 5754: 5706: 5532: 5444: 5020: 4836: 4612: 4427: 2790: 2597: 1490: 1411: 1292: 1012: 4326:(Getty Research Institute; 2014); 311 pages; looks at his altarpieces in the context of the Counter-Reformation. 1498:) delivered the altarstone. The chapel is a marble altar portico with two columns framing the altarpiece of the 886:(1548; Prado, Madrid). This journey marked the first of many during his career that combined art and diplomacy. 650:. Acting on his ambition to pursue a career as an artist, he began an apprenticeship with the landscape painter 6037: 5714: 5380: 5300: 5284: 5228: 4860: 4716: 4572: 4540: 4107:

F. Bruckmann, Munich 1942, 528 pages, 272 images, 4 color plates (Flemish edition at De Sikkel, Antwerp 1946).

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Rubens travelled to Spain on a diplomatic mission in 1603, delivering gifts from the Gonzagas to the court of

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A Catalogue Raisonné of the Works of the Most Eminent Dutch, Flemish, and French Painters: Peter Paul Rubens

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were particularly important in establishing Rubens as Flanders' leading painter shortly after his return.

6042: 5698: 5564: 5548: 5492: 5476: 5412: 4636: 4086: 3450:"21. Patronage, painting and faction. Rubens, the Archducal Court and its network from the Franche-Comté" 1614: 1386: 504:. A large portion of the nobility and bourgeoisie in the Southern Netherlands at the time sided with the 3144: 5992: 5952: 5773: 5652: 5580: 5516: 5292: 5276: 4972: 4772: 4468: 4420: 4215: 4211: 2676: 2644: 2602: 1778: 1348:, London). It illustrates the artist's lively concern for peace, and was given to Charles I as a gift. 1139: 1105: 1097: 974: 845: 781:

in 1601. There, he studied classical Greek and Roman art and copied works of the Italian masters. The

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Cohen, Sarah R. (2003). "Rubens's France: Gender and Personification in the Marie de Médicis Cycle".

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in Antwerp. Other artists linked to the Rubens's workshop as pupils, assistants or collaborators are

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He returned to Italy in 1604, where he remained for the next four years, first in Mantua and then in

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whom he included as the central figure in his friendship portrait he painted in Mantua known as the

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A Century of Giants, A.D. 1500 to 1600: In an Age of Spiritual Genius, Western Christendom Shatters

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Hottle, Andrew D. (2004). "Commerce and Connections: Peter Paul Rubens and the Dedicated Print".

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and many forms of church fittings and decoration were destroyed in unofficial or mob actions by

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In 1600 Rubens travelled to Italy with his first pupil Deodat del Monte. They stopped first in

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Held, Julius S. (1975) "On the Date and Function of Some Allegorical Sketches by Rubens." In:

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From 1606 to 1608, he was mostly in Rome when he received, with the assistance of Cardinal

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A Hyatt Mayor, Prints and People, Metropolitan Museum of Art/Princeton, 1971, no. 427–32,

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He received special permission to base his studio in Antwerp instead of at their court in

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The Annual Register, Or, A View of the History, Politics, and Literature for the Year ...

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Rubens came in Rome also under the spell of the recent, highly naturalistic paintings by

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White, Mr. Christopher, Peter Paul Rubens: Man and Artist, Yale University Press, 1987.

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in 1965, by and with a foreword by Jonathan Griffin, New York, McGraw-Hill, LC 65-19851.

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during his stay (Prado, Madrid) that demonstrates the influence of works like Titian's

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was destroyed in a fire in the Western Exchange, Old Bond Street, London, March 1836

5877: 5865: 5722: 3734: 3512: 3457: 3385: 2622: 2541: 2485: 2460: 1630: 1598: 1520: 1263:, and died in 1642 in the same house in Cologne where Rubens had lived as a child. 1166: 1150: 1059: 900: 707: 651: 485: 477: 411: 376: 353: 340: 296: 257: 132: 85: 66: 4146: 3191:, p. 58, University of Virginia Press, 22 January 1996. Retrieved 2 February 2013. 920: 404: 5895: 5841: 5612: 5084: 4347: 4080: 3102: 2704: 2691: 2521: 2161: 1976: 1926: 1610: 1590: 1508: 1504: 1394: 1272: 1195: 996: 980: 957: 904: 210: 4151: 4118: 4108: 3057: 5883: 5835: 4908: 4660: 3389: 2987: 2940: 1884: 1681: 1642: 1634: 1516: 1441: 1297: 1191: 1031: 762: 754: 671: 635: 570: 527: 444: 335: 185: 136: 122: 3516: 3376:

Rosen, Mark (2008). "The Medici Grand Duchy and Rubens' First Trip to Spain".

492:

in Rome. Upon his return to Antwerp he became a lawyer and held the office of

5946: 5918: 5889: 5871: 5853: 5830: 5052: 4692: 4408:

Peter Paul Rubens on BALaT – Belgian Art Links and Tools (KIK-IRPA, Brussels)

4351:, Yale University Press, Pelican History of Art, New Haven and London, 1998. 4300: 4188: 4058: 4046:, in: Tijdschrift voor Geschiedenis – 123e jaargang, nummer 1, p. 20–33 3461: 2455: 2450: 1998: 1673: 1650: 1626: 1429:, Rubens's wife is even partially modelled after classical sculptures of the 1232: 1158: 1063: 695: 679: 586: 239: 140: 4181: 1053:

In 1610, Rubens moved into a new house and studio that he designed. Now the

581:

Thanks to the repeated pleas of his wife and by paying a bail bond of 6,000

4076: 2918: 2255: 2027: 1430: 1143: 932: 792: 683: 682:

to Rome to study the work of leading Italian artists of the period such as

597: 532: 518: 3794: 3449: 277: 5636: 3658:

St. Jacob's Antwerp Art and Counter Reformation in Rubens's Parish Church

3312:

Peter Paul Rubens and the Counter-Reformation Crisis of the Beati moderni

2922: 2817: 2723: 1677: 1622: 1425: 1371: 1187: 782: 623: 619: 505: 451:

as well, especially when the work needed to be sent a long distance. For

419: 352:. Rubens was a painter producing altarpieces, portraits, landscapes, and 3456:(in French), Presses universitaires de Franche-Comté, pp. 449–470, 5925: 5859: 5814: 5076: 3746: 1940:

by Parliamentarians in the Queen's Chapel, Somerset House, London, 1643

1669: 1582: 1054: 1042: 807: 758: 717: 513: 481: 452: 252: 4853:

The Virgin Mary and Saint Francis Saving the World from Christ's Anger

3984:"Lost Rubens portrait of James I's 'lover' is rediscovered in Glasgow" 3708: 4869:

Ixion, King of the Lapiths, Deceived by Juno, Who He Wished to Seduce

4402: 3012: 1760:, Art Gallery of Ontario Toronto, Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco. 1668:

He also often sub-contracted elements such as animals, landscapes or

1564: 1162: 1034:, the daughter of a leading Antwerp citizen and humanist, Jan Brant. 643: 536: 509: 415: 4412: 3738: 407:

lists 1,403 pieces, excluding numerous copies made in his workshop.

4082:

Likeness and Presence: A History of the Image before the Era of Art

1287: 1027: 778: 497: 493: 150: 343:

and diplomat. He is considered the most influential artist of the

4407: 3448:

Duerloo, Luc (2010), Delobette, Laurence; Delsalle, Paul (eds.),

2031: 1524: 1358:(1625–26) for the Cathedral of Antwerp is one prominent example. 1203: 1183: 1171: 1046: 796: 687: 647: 501: 384: 372: 368: 168: 154: 107: 4263:

Heinen, Ulrich, "Rubens zwischen Predigt und Kunst." Weimar 1996

4011:"Un Rubens, perdu depuis 400 ans, aurait été retrouvé en Écosse" 3554:

Belkin (1998): 175; 192; Held (1975): 218–233, esp. pp. 222–225.

5221:

Saints Dominic and Francis Saving the World from Christ's Anger

4378: 2628: 2432: 1597:

were registered in the Guild's records as Rubens's assistants.

1175: 1087: 823: 770: 750: 746: 582: 473: 448: 443:

He was one of the last major artists to make consistent use of

392: 81: 5341:

Christ Appointing Saint Roch as Patron Saint of Plague Victims

3454:

La Franche-Comté et les anciens Pays-Bas, XIIIe-XVIIIe siècles

1792:

is now known only from engraving from 1620 by Lucas Vosterman.

1286:

After the end of the Twelve Years' Truce in 1621, the Spanish

426:

in 1635. He wrote a book with illustrations of the palaces in

403:. Rubens was a prolific artist. The catalogue of his works by 311: 4130:

Held, Julius S. (1983) "Thoughts on Rubens' Beginnings." In:

2956: 2618: 2560: 1672:

in large compositions to specialists such as animal painters

1519:

van Parijs, Rubens's epitaph, written in Latin by his friend

1320:(1628–29). During this stay, he befriended the court painter 1179: 1079:, completed by 1618), and his good friend the flower-painter 1011:. In September 1609 Rubens was appointed as court painter by 890: 543:. The ruler of the Low Countries - the Catholic Spanish king 456: 427: 305: 4026:"Rubens' long-lost masterpiece exhibited in gallery as copy" 4232:

Pauw-De Veen, Lydia de. "Rubens and the graphic arts". In:

3852:

A catalogue raisonne of the works of the most eminent (...)

3150:

in: De Vlaamsche Kunstbode. Jaargang 7 (1877), pp. 211-216

2986:, 1620, pen and brown ink over red, black and white chalk, 1486: 1444:, where he spent much of his time. Landscapes, such as his 1091: 948: 893:. In Genoa, Rubens painted numerous portraits, such as the 774: 678:, a term used to denote artists who had travelled from the 3883:

Vol. 138, No. 1124 (November 1996). Retrieved 8 June 2014.

1485:

Rubens died from heart failure as a result of his chronic

1378:, but he also explored more personal artistic directions. 1233:

Marie de' Medici Cycle and diplomatic missions (1621–1630)

1086:

Rubens built another house to the north of Antwerp in the

1507:, a pupil of Rubens. The remains of Rubens's second wife 447:

as a support medium, even for very large works, but used

43: 3761:"Gender in Art – Dictionary definition of Gender in Art" 3691:

Markowitz, Sally (Spring 1995). "Review of Nead, Lynda,

2007:

from 1628 was destroyed in the incendiary attack at the

816:

and recommended his patron, the Duke of Mantua, to buy

694:

He subsequently studied with another Romanist painter,

555:

was responsible for implementing the harsh repression.

4621:

The Head of Saint John the Baptist Presented to Salome

3420:

Jaffé (1977): 85–99; Belting (1994): 484–490, 554–556.

1440:

In 1635, Rubens bought an estate outside Antwerp, the

1131:, for example, demonstrates the artist's synthesis of 563:

Portrait of a Man, Possibly an Architect or Geographer

4941:

The Virgin and Child Surrounded by the Holy Innocents

3940:

Drawn by the Brush: Oil Sketches by Peter Paul Rubens

3907:

An examination of Hunting Scenes by Peter Paul Rubens

2917:, 1601–1603, black chalk and gouache on paper (after 1988:

The Duke of Buckingham Triumphing over Envy and Anger

1858:, 1610 painted for the Church of the Carmelite Friars 791:

was especially influential on him, as was the art of

323: 314: 4117:

De Lage Landen, Brussels 1943. 383 pages and plates

2673:

Rubens with Helena Fourment and their Son Peter Paul

1852:

painted for the Royal Chapel of the Dominican Church

308: 302: 5357:

Portrait of George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham

4949:

Erichthonius Discovered by the Daughters of Cecrops

4549:

The Gonzaga Family in Adoration of the Holy Trinity

4268: 3824: 3105:, PHD thesis Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 2005. 2244:

Portrait of George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham

1887:there were several works by Rubens destroyed, like 512:. In 1566 the Low Countries were the victim of the 299: 4180: 4150: 3879:Albert J. Loomie, "A Lost Crucifixion by Rubens", 3669:Antwerpen – Parochiekerken; 1. Afdeeling, Volume 1 3628:"Minerva protects Pax from Mars ('Peace and War')" 2305:Landscape with the Ruins of Mount Palatine in Rome 2136:, 1615, oil on canvas, Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister 2034:, Scotland. Conservation treatment carried out by 1206:before the 19th-century revival in the technique. 4765:Saint Teresa of Ávila's Vision of the Holy Spirit 4757:Saint Teresa of Ávila's Vision of the Holy Spirit 4291:Büttner, Nils, Herr P. P. Rubens. Göttingen 2006. 5944: 4485:Self-Portrait in a Circle of Friends from Mantua 4125:Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes. 1601:worked in Rubens's workshop after training with 1198:. He recruited a number of engravers trained by 1153:and book title-pages, especially for his friend 1058:assistants. His most famous pupil was the young 963:Self-Portrait in a Circle of Friends from Mantua 860:, c. 1604/1605, probably reworked c. 1606/1608, 738:Self-Portrait in a Circle of Friends from Mantua 3965:"A Partial Guide to the Tools of Art Vandalism" 3120:Frans Geffels, Rubens and the Palazzi di Genova 2742:, c. 1635, Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister, Dresden 1190:to specialists, who included Lucas Vorsterman, 569:Jan Rubens became in 1570 the legal adviser of 3693:The Female Nude: Art, Obscenity, and Sexuality 3036:, red and black chalk, heightened with white, 1527:, the most famous painter of Greek Antiquity. 638:, which he had diligently copied, along with 4597:Portrait of Giovanni Carlo Doria on Horseback 4428: 2796:Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando 1997:), both later owned by the Earl of Jersey at 1984:Equestrian Portrait of the Duke of Buckingham 1684:. One of his most frequent collaborators was 30:"Rubens" redirects here. For other uses, see 5998:Converts to Roman Catholicism from Calvinism 4277:. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 3063:Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary 2453:, inspired by Pythagoras's speech in Ovid's 1540:Hercules as Heroic Virtue Overcoming Discord 927:, together with Jan Brueghel the Elder, 1619 5013:The Meeting Between Abraham and Melchizedek 4119:(information on the book and download link) 4109:(Information on the book and download link) 3697:The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 2575:Diana and her Nymphs surprised by the Fauns 1975:reported to have been in the collection of 1723:The Century of Rubens in French Collections 5389:The Triumphal Entry of Henry IV into Paris 5349:Portrait of Infante Isabella Clara Eugenia 4589:Portrait of a Noblewoman with an Attendant 4573:Portrait of Marchesa Brigida Spinola-Doria 4435: 4421: 4332:Looking East: Rubens's Encounter with Asia 3167:. Christian History Project. p. 297. 3156: 3147:De moeder van Rubens. Biographische schets 2078:Portrait of Marchesa Brigida Spinola-Doria 1785:Equestrian Portrait of the Archduke Albert 1361: 54: 5317:Diana and Her Nymphs Leaving for the Hunt 4335:, Getty Publications, Los Angeles, 2013. 3690: 3679:Full text of the epitaph reads as follows 3498: 3496: 3203: 3201: 3199: 3197: 2968:, black chalk with touches of red chalk, 2322:, painted together with Jan Bruegel, 1617 1951:in 1734. A copy is in the Uffizi Gallery. 1945:Equestrian Portrait of Philip IV of Spain 1934:Crucifixion with Mary, St. John, Magdalen 1864:, 1613, painted for Saint Nicholas Church 1856:Virgin Adorned with Flowers by Saint Anne 1830:Repentant Magdalene and her sister Martha 1810:known only through the 1610 engraving by 5669:Hercules in the Garden of the Hesperides 5605:A View of Het Steen in the Early Morning 5141:Feast in the House of Simon the Pharisee 4493:Equestrian Portrait of the Duke of Lerma 3720: 3718: 3253: 3251: 2366:A View of Het Steen in the Early Morning 2061:Equestrian Portrait of the Duke of Lerma 1824: 1690: 1563: 1534: 1473: 1447:A View of Het Steen in the Early Morning 1380: 1326: 1265: 1208: 1096: 1036: 973: 919: 878:equestrian portrait of the Duke of Lerma 850: 731: 657: 596: 557: 5469:Odysseus on the Island of the Phaecians 5037:The Garden of Eden with the Fall of Man 4399:The Correspondence of Peter Paul Rubens 4324:The Catholic Rubens: Saints and Martyrs 4273:Peter Paul Rubens: the Decius Mus cycle 4115:Rubens und sein Werk. Neue Forschungen. 4075: 3981: 3924:California Digital Newspaper Collection 3447: 3162: 2984:Robin, the Dwarf of the Earl of Arundel 2814:The Garden of Eden with the Fall of Man 1739:, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. 1708: 1489:on 30 May 1640. He was interred in the 1017:Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia of Spain 810:. He later made a copy of Caravaggio's 438:George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham 200: 1609; died 1626) 27:Flemish artist and diplomat (1577–1640) 14: 5945: 5739:The Peasants Returning From The Fields 5093:The Rape of the Daughters of Leucippus 4348:Flemish Art and Architecture 1585–1700 4178: 4052: 4023: 3943:, Yale University Press, p. 144, 3936: 3926:. University of California, Riverside. 3854:(1830), p. 153. Retrieved 8 June 2014. 3502: 3493: 3366:, Antwerpen: Sint-Paulusvrienden, 2004 3280: 3278: 3276: 3194: 3002:Possibly Rubens' daughter Clara Serena 2431:, 1613, Museumslandschaft of Hesse in 2150:The Rape of the Daughters of Leucippus 969: 947:and important local saints adoring an 6048:Artists from the Habsburg Netherlands 4797:Christ Giving the Keys to Saint Peter 4442: 4416: 4205: 4145: 4008: 3982:Slawson, Nicola (24 September 2017). 3975: 3807: 3801: 3724: 3715: 3566: 3375: 3308: 3248: 3228: 3226: 3224: 3222: 3210: 3125: 2727:, 1636-1638, Kunsthistorisches Museum 1243:In 1621, the Queen Mother of France, 526: 424:Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria 371:), to parents who were refugees from 334: 6053:Diplomats of the Spanish Netherlands 5437:Saint Francis Receiving the Stigmata 5333:The Reconciliation of Esau and Jacob 5133:Mucius Scaevola before Lars Porsenna 5101:Christ Triumphant over Sin and Death 4245:, London, Druckworth & Co., 1904 3962: 3920:"San Francisco Call 26 January 1908" 3909:(2009), p.34. Retrieved 7 June 2014. 3753: 3423: 3189:"Mad Princes of Renaissance Germany" 2873:Christ Triumphant over Sin and Death 2661:Helena Fourment and related pictures 1912:Diana and Nymphs Surprised by Satyrs 1460:for inspiration in later works like 1403:(Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna), 761:. The colouring and compositions of 727: 553:Governor of the Habsburg Netherlands 339:; 28 June 1577 – 30 May 1640) was a 5589:Hercules's Dog Discovers Purple Dye 4901:The Hippopotamus and Crocodile Hunt 3505:Nederlands Kunsthistorisch Jaarboek 3273: 3138: 3131:Joost vander Auwera, Arnout Balis, 2447:Pythagoras Advocating Vegetarianism 2335:Landscape with Milkmaids and Cattle 2199:Portrait of King Philip IV of Spain 1753:, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna. 1751:Rubens: The Power of Transformation 1007:in April 1609, which initiated the 842:St. Helena with the True Cross 410:His commissioned works were mostly 24: 5525:Helena Fourment with Her Son Frans 5421:Minerva Protecting Peace from Mars 5189:Landscape with Philemon and Baucis 4581:Portrait of Maria di Antonio Serra 4394:Online, a catalogue of Rubens' art 4317:Aspects of Love in Western Society 4249: 4009:Latil, Lucas (27 September 2017). 3219: 3216:White, Mr. Christopher (1987), p.3 3112: 2878:Musée des Beaux-Arts de Strasbourg 2537:Minerva Protecting Peace from Mars 1575:Christ wearing the Crown of Thorns 1419:. In an intimate portrait of her, 516:fury, referred to in Dutch as the 25: 6074: 4813:The Crowning of the Virtuous Hero 4392:Corpus Rubenianum Ludwig Burchard 4372: 3831:, Lannoo Uitgeverij, p. 14, 3135:, Lannoo Uitgeverij, 2007, p. 33. 1798:is now known only from engraving. 1453:Farmers Returning from the Fields 608: 539:Protestant crowds as part of the 508:and Jan Rubens also converted to 430:, which was published in 1622 as 5848:Nicolaas Rubens, Lord of Rameyen 5197:Portrait of a Young Man in Armor 4377: 3019: 2994: 2976: 2947: 2929: 2907: 2884: 2864: 2846: 2825: 2802: 2782: 2762: 2747: 2732: 2711: 2683: 2665: 2636: 2609: 2589: 2567: 2549: 2528: 2510: 2492: 2467: 2439: 2421: 2404: 2384: 2357: 2342: 2327: 2312: 2297: 2277: 2262: 2235: 2213: 2191: 2173: 2141: 2126: 2108: 2086: 2069: 2052: 1986:(1625) and the ceiling painting 1966:Musée des Beaux-Arts de Bordeaux 1868:Cambyses Appointing Otanes Judge 1796:Satyr, Nymph, Putti and Leopards 1159:Plantin-Moretus publishing house 1102:Family of Jan Brueghel the Elder 834:Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna 295: 276: 5707:Helena Fourment with a Carriage 5445:The Crowning of Saint Catherine 5021:Christ and the Penitent Sinners 4821:The Incredulity of Saint Thomas 4017: 4002: 3956: 3930: 3912: 3899: 3886: 3873: 3857: 3844: 3818: 3787: 3778: 3684: 3672: 3663: 3650: 3620: 3611: 3602: 3593: 3584: 3575: 3557: 3548: 3532: 3523: 3484: 3441: 3432: 3414: 3405: 3396: 3369: 3356: 3347: 3338: 3329: 3302: 3293: 3264: 3235: 2413:Venus, Cupid, Bacchus and Ceres 2287:, 1620-1625, private collection 1929:, Oxfordshire, 5 February 1861. 1878:, all for the Magistrates' Hall 1737:Peter Paul Rubens: The Drawings 1466:(c. 1630; Louvre, Paris). 1450:(National Gallery, London) and 1293:Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc 1066:, who contributed the eagle to 1013:Albert VII, Archduke of Austria 459:to reduce reflection problems. 360:for the publishers in Antwerp. 219: 197: 157:, tapestry design, print design 5381:Henry IV at the Battle of Ivry 5229:The Rape of Orithyia by Boreas 4981:Miracles of St. Francis Xavier 4132:Ringling Museum of Art Journal 4053:Belkin, Kristin Lohse (1998). 3869:, J. Dodsley, 1862, p. 18 3181: 3086: 3069: 3051: 2005:Portrait of Philip IV of Spain 1916:Friedrichshain flak tower fire 1769:Lost works by Rubens include: 1732:, Palais de Beaux-Arts, Lille. 1696:Old Woman and Boy with Candles 1182:. With the exception of a few 1149:Rubens used the production of 896:Marchesa Brigida Spinola-Doria 363:He was born and raised in the 13: 1: 5973:17th-century Flemish painters 5968:16th-century Flemish painters 5597:Helena Fourment with Children 5488:(Saint Petersburg; 1632–1635) 4236:CXCV/786 (Aug 1977): 243–251. 3529:Pauw-De Veen (1977): 243–251. 3261:. New York, 2002, pp. 121-123 3030: 3027:Young Woman with Folded Hands 3005: 2962: 2836: 2719:Helena Fourment in a Fur Wrap 2697: 2649: 2578: 2478: 2392:Feasting and dancing peasants 2370: 2248: 2224: 2202: 2154: 2134:Diana Returning from the Hunt 2097: 2020: 1991: 1947:was destroyed in the fire at 1925:was destroyed in the fire at 1833: 1804: 1764: 1699: 1639:Erasmus Quellinus the Younger 1463:Feasting and dancing peasants 1421:Helena Fourment in a Fur Wrap 1355:Assumption of the Virgin Mary 1277: 1219: 1073: 989: 528:[ˈbeːldə(n)ˌstɔr(ə)m] 467: 5731:The Rape of the Sabine Women 5309:The Conversion of Saint Bavo 5157:St Mary Magdalene in Ecstasy 5117:The Union of Earth and Water 4917:Theodosius and Saint Ambrose 4269:Baumstark, Reinhold (1985). 4179:Martin, John Rupert (1977). 4024:Xinhua (26 September 2017). 3825:Joost vander Auwera (2007), 2518:Perseus Liberating Andromeda 2230:, National Gallery in Prague 2221:Portrait of Ambrogio Spinola 1979:was reported lost in a fire. 1949:Royal Alcázar of Madrid fire 1936:, 1643 was destroyed in the 1777:, painted for the Church of 1746:, The Royal Academy, London. 1500:Virgin and child with saints 1479:Virgin and child with saints 749:, where he saw paintings by 720:, Antwerp, c. 1599) and the 674:. Van Noort was a so-called 7: 5983:Art collectors from Antwerp 5477:The Finding of Erichthonius 5205:Saint George and the Dragon 4087:University of Chicago Press 2757:, c. 1637, Hermitage Museum 2449:, 1618–1630, by Rubens and 2270:Lady Arundel with her Train 2016:Portrait of George Villiers 1971:An alleged Rubens painting 1923:The Abduction of Proserpine 1802:Judith Beheading Holofernes 1680:, or other artists such as 1615:Lucas Franchoys the Younger 1559: 10: 6079: 6023:Flemish landscape painters 5774:The History of Constantine 5653:The Birth of the Milky Way 5517:The Dance of the Villagers 5293:The History of Constantine 5277:Portrait of Susanna Lunden 4632:(Madrid; 1609 and 1628–29) 4461:The Descent from the Cross 4212:Metropolitan Museum of Art 4036: 3828:Rubens, l'atelier du génie 3660:, Brill, 2016, pp. 359–364 3390:10.1163/187501708787335857 3245:, Ivan R. Dee, 21 May 2002 2770:The Birth of the Milky Way 2677:Metropolitan Museum of Art 2645:The Birth of the Milky Way 2625:, whom he wanted to seduce 2603:Metropolitan Museum of Art 2350:The Dance of the Villagers 1779:Santa Croce in Gerusalemme 1236: 1140:Scuola Grande di San Rocco 1120:The Descent from the Cross 1106:Courtauld Institute of Art 945:St. Gregory the Great 846:Santa Croce in Gerusalemme 29: 6028:Flemish portrait painters 5913:Poussinists and Rubenists 5905: 5823: 5807: 5788: 5765: 5541:The Triumph of the Church 5509:Bathsheba at the Fountain 5213:Perseus Freeing Andromeda 4965:The Lion and Leopard Hunt 4781:The Defeat of Sennacherib 4685:Massacre of the Innocents 4517:Heraclitus and Democritus 4501:Portrait of a Young Woman 4450: 3937:Sutton, Peter C. (2004), 3517:10.1163/22145966-90000105 3290:, October 2013, in CODART 3287:Rubens’s Flemish Heritage 3207:Lamster (2010), pp. 40-58 2740:Bathsheba at the Fountain 2285:Portrait of a Man as Mars 1342:Allegory of Peace and War 1157:, the owner of the large 937:Santa Maria in Vallicella 829:The Madonna of the Rosary 284: 275: 270: 266: 245: 230: 174: 161: 146: 128: 118: 96: 74: 53: 41: 6033:Flemish tapestry artists 6018:Flemish history painters 6013:Flemish Baroque painters 5675:Deianira Listens to Fame 5645:Assumption of the Virgin 5453:The Ildefonso Altarpiece 5365:Assumption of the Virgin 5173:Conversion of Saint Paul 5165:The Small Last Judgement 5045:The Great Last Judgement 4877:Daniel in the Lions' Den 4677:Conversion of Saint Paul 4653:Coronation of the Virgin 4605:Madonna della Vallicella 4322:Sauerlander, Willibald. 4206:Mayor, A. Hyatt (1971). 4159:Cornell University Press 3894:The Gentleman's Magazine 3462:10.4000/books.pufc.24857 3044: 2896:Kunsthistorisches Museum 2378:National Gallery, London 2042: 1955:The Continence of Scipio 1841:Kunsthistorisches Museum 1812:Cornelis Galle the Elder 1469: 1458:Pieter Bruegel the Elder 1336:, 1628–29, Prado, Madrid 1227:Kunsthistorisches Museum 1129:The Raising of the Cross 1114:The Raising of the Cross 925:Madonna on Floral Wreath 844:for the Roman church of 632:Hans Holbein the Younger 575:William I of Orange 455:he sometimes painted on 5373:Angelica and the Hermit 4997:Two Women with a Candle 4805:Portrait of a Commander 3881:The Burlington Magazine 3617:Belkin (1998): 217–218. 3608:Belkin (1998): 210–218. 3572:Belkin (1998): 199–228. 3563:Belkin (1998): 173–175. 3309:Noyes, Ruth S. (2017). 3241:Marie-Anne Lescourret, 2812:and Peter Paul Rubens, 2320:Miracle of Saint Hubert 1819:bombardment of Brussels 1817:Works destroyed in the 1790:Susannah and the Elders 1647:David Teniers the Elder 1607:Abraham van Diepenbeeck 1552:male portrait sitters. 1530: 1362:Last decade (1630–1640) 862:National Gallery of Art 819:The Death of the Virgin 767:Vincenzo I Gonzaga 462: 32:Rubens (disambiguation) 5978:17th-century diplomats 5648:(Vienna; c. 1637) 5269:Marie de' Medici cycle 5181:The Fall of the Damned 5005:Descent from the Cross 4989:Saint Stephen Triptych 4760:(Rotterdam; 1612–1614) 4749:Descent from the Cross 4613:Susanna and the Elders 3896:vol. 5 (1836), p. 590. 3599:Belkin (1998): 339–340 3335:Belkin (1998): 42, 57. 3187:H. C. Erik Midelfort, 3038:Boijmans Van Beuningen 2810:Jan Brueghel the Elder 2791:Susanna and the Elders 2772:,Museo del Prado 1636, 2185:Gemäldegalerie, Berlin 2094:The Judgement of Paris 1908:Vision of Saint Hubert 1904:Neptune and Amphitrite 1885:Coudenberg Palace fire 1843: 1705: 1686:Jan Brueghel the Elder 1655:Jan Thomas van Ieperen 1619:Nicolaas van der Horst 1578: 1543: 1482: 1412:The Judgement of Paris 1390: 1337: 1283: 1257:Marie de' Medici cycle 1239:Marie de' Medici cycle 1229: 1108: 1081:Jan Brueghel the Elder 1050: 999: 928: 865: 742: 666: 605: 566: 541:Protestant Reformation 6038:Painters from Antwerp 5747:The Rainbow Landscape 5621:The Rainbow Landscape 5501:Adoration of the Magi 5485:The Rainbow Landscape 5325:Adoration of the Magi 5285:Perseus and Andromeda 5248:(Florence; 1620–1623) 5125:Tigress with Her Cubs 5061:Adoration of the Magi 4957:The Wolf and Fox Hunt 4933:Florence Resurrection 4709:The Four Philosophers 4629:Adoration of the Magi 4541:The Baptism of Christ 4386:at Wikimedia Commons 4329:Schrader, Stephanie, 4113:Evers, Hans Gerhard: 4103:Evers, Hans Gerhard: 3963:Goss, Steven (2001), 3299:Belkin (1998): 22–38. 3163:Byfield, Ted (2002). 2833:Lot and His Daughters 2475:Perseus and Andromeda 2036:Simon Rollo Gillespie 1914:was destroyed in the 1893:Adoration of the Magi 1850:Madonna of the Rosary 1828: 1744:Rubens and His Legacy 1694: 1567: 1538: 1477: 1384: 1330: 1269: 1212: 1125:Cathedral of Our Lady 1100: 1040: 977: 923: 883:Charles V at Mühlberg 876:. He also painted an 854: 735: 722:Battle of the Amazons 663:Battle of the Amazons 661: 604:, early work, c. 1599 600: 573:, the second wife of 561: 391:and diplomat who was 291:Sir Peter Paul Rubens 5691:The Rape of Ganymede 5557:Deucalion and Pyrrha 5368:(Antwerp; 1625–1626) 5029:Mars and Rhea Silvia 4768:(Cambridge; c. 1614) 4752:(Antwerp; 1612–1614) 4717:Antwerp Resurrection 4669:Raising of the Cross 4509:Hercules and Omphale 4257:The Making of Rubens 3808:Smith, John (1830), 3765:www.encyclopedia.com 3632:The National Gallery 3402:Belkin (1998): 71–73 3362:Sirjacobs, Raymond. 3344:Belkin (1998): 52–57 3101:4 March 2016 at the 2970:J. Paul Getty Museum 2542:The National Gallery 2429:Jupiter and Callisto 2081:, 1603, Prado Museum 1716:Rubens and His Times 1709:Selected exhibitions 1663:Victor Wolfvoet (II) 1659:Theodoor van Thulden 1496:Johannes van Mildert 1310:Cambridge University 1123:(1611–1614) for the 1111:Altarpieces such as 1021:Habsburg Netherlands 1019:, sovereigns of the 813:Entombment of Christ 788:Laocoön and His Sons 700:Habsburg Netherlands 640:Marcantonio Raimondi 422:into Antwerp by the 401:Charles I of England 381:Southern Netherlands 6003:Counter-Reformation 5988:Flemish art dealers 5718:(Vienna; 1638–1639) 5686:(Madrid; 1636–1638) 5661:Consequences of War 5237:Christ on the Cross 4861:Madonna della Cesta 4829:The Death of Adonis 4789:The Four Continents 4680:(London; 1610–1612) 4533:The Fall of Phaeton 4464:(Siegen; 1600–1602) 3490:Martin (1977): 109. 3270:Held (1983): 14–35. 3259:Rubens: a portrait 2500:Ermit and sleeping 1872:Judgment of Solomon 1587:Guild of Saint Luke 1491:Saint James' Church 1376:Palace of Whitehall 1276:, Queen of France, 1215:The Four Continents 1009:Twelve Years' Truce 970:Antwerp (1609–1621) 909:Thomas Gainsborough 857:The Fall of Phaeton 490:Sapienza University 472:Rubens was born in 418:decorations of the 350:Counter-Reformation 336:[ˈrybə(n)s] 112:Spanish Netherlands 6043:People from Siegen 5777:(1622–1640) (with 5699:Diana and Callisto 5629:Pallas and Arachne 5565:The Feast of Herod 5549:The Feast of Venus 5493:The Garden of Love 5413:The Rape of Europa 5149:The Wild Boar Hunt 5128:(attributed; 1618) 5008:(Lille; 1616–1617) 4925:The Wild Boar Hunt 4637:Samson and Delilah 4255:Alpers, Svetlana. 4105:Peter Paul Rubens. 3438:Belkin (1998): 95. 3411:Belkin (1998): 75. 3353:Belkin (1998): 59. 3257:Paul Oppenheimer, 3243:Rubens: A Portrait 1973:Portrait of a Girl 1862:Saint Job Triptych 1844: 1706: 1603:Hendrick van Balen 1579: 1544: 1515:At the request of 1483: 1400:The Feast of Venus 1391: 1387:The Feast of Venus 1338: 1284: 1230: 1200:Christoffel Jegher 1186:, Rubens left the 1109: 1051: 1049:designed by Rubens 1041:The garden of the 1000: 943:. The subject was 939:also known as the 929: 866: 864:, Washington, D.C. 743: 667: 606: 567: 397:Philip IV of Spain 18:Pieter Paul Rubens 5993:Catholic painters 5953:Peter Paul Rubens 5940: 5939: 5797:Palazzi di Genova 5779:Pietro da Cortona 5755:Judgment of Paris 5581:Mercury and Argus 5504:(Cambridge; 1634) 5064:(Lyon; 1617–1618) 4973:Romulus and Remus 4893:A Statue of Ceres 4773:The Tribute Money 4645:Honeysuckle Bower 4469:Leda and the Swan 4444:Peter Paul Rubens 4384:Peter Paul Rubens 4382:Media related to 4341:978-1-60606-131-2 4259:. New Haven 1995. 4208:Prints and People 4127:Vol. 38: 218–233. 4042:Auwers, Michael, 3950:978-0-300-10626-8 3838:978-90-209-7242-9 3471:978-2-84867-276-2 3081:978 90 8964 027 7 2858:Kunstmuseum Basel 2394:, Louvre, c. 1636 2183:, 1614 and 1625, 2181:Child with a bird 2160:, oil on canvas, 2103:, Museo del Prado 1938:English Civil War 1595:Justus van Egmont 1253:Luxembourg Palace 1155:Balthasar Moretus 1005:Treaty of Antwerp 985:Honeysuckle Bower 914:Palazzi di Genova 838:St. Paul's Church 801:Leonardo da Vinci 728:Italy (1600–1608) 704:Guild of St. Luke 592:St Peter's Church 433:Palazzi di Genova 412:history paintings 365:Holy Roman Empire 354:history paintings 288: 287: 90:Holy Roman Empire 86:Nassau-Dillenburg 48:Peter Paul Rubens 16:(Redirected from 6070: 5878:Tobias Verhaecht 5866:Maria Pypelinckx 5683:The Three Graces 5573:The Village Fête 5536:(New York; 1635) 5533:Venus and Adonis 5397:The Annunciation 5245:The Three Graces 5109:The Prodigal Son 4837:Venus and Adonis 4701:Prometheus Bound 4565:The Circumcision 4525:Virgin and Child 4437: 4430: 4423: 4414: 4413: 4381: 4315:; Translated as 4288: 4229: 4202: 4186: 4172: 4156: 4153:Rubens and Italy 4100: 4072: 4049: 4030: 4029: 4021: 4015: 4014: 4006: 4000: 3999: 3997: 3995: 3979: 3973: 3972: 3969:Cabinet Magazine 3960: 3954: 3953: 3934: 3928: 3927: 3916: 3910: 3903: 3897: 3890: 3884: 3877: 3871: 3870: 3861: 3855: 3848: 3842: 3841: 3822: 3816: 3815: 3805: 3799: 3798: 3791: 3785: 3782: 3776: 3775: 3773: 3771: 3757: 3751: 3750: 3727:The Art Bulletin 3722: 3713: 3712: 3688: 3682: 3676: 3670: 3667: 3661: 3656:Jeffrey Muller, 3654: 3648: 3647: 3645: 3643: 3634:. Archived from 3624: 3618: 3615: 3609: 3606: 3600: 3597: 3591: 3588: 3582: 3579: 3573: 3570: 3564: 3561: 3555: 3552: 3546: 3536: 3530: 3527: 3521: 3520: 3500: 3491: 3488: 3482: 3481: 3480: 3478: 3445: 3439: 3436: 3430: 3427: 3421: 3418: 3412: 3409: 3403: 3400: 3394: 3393: 3384:(2/3): 147–152. 3373: 3367: 3360: 3354: 3351: 3345: 3342: 3336: 3333: 3327: 3326: 3306: 3300: 3297: 3291: 3282: 3271: 3268: 3262: 3255: 3246: 3239: 3233: 3230: 3217: 3214: 3208: 3205: 3192: 3185: 3179: 3178: 3160: 3154: 3153: 3145:Gustaaf Segers, 3142: 3136: 3129: 3123: 3118:Giulio Girondi, 3116: 3110: 3108: 3090: 3084: 3073: 3067: 3055: 3035: 3032: 3023: 3010: 3007: 2998: 2980: 2967: 2964: 2951: 2937:The Farnese bull 2933: 2911: 2892:The Annunciation 2888: 2868: 2854:The Holy Trinity 2850: 2841: 2838: 2829: 2806: 2786: 2766: 2751: 2736: 2721:, also known as 2715: 2702: 2699: 2694:in Wedding Dress 2687: 2669: 2654: 2651: 2640: 2613: 2598:Venus and Adonis 2593: 2583: 2580: 2571: 2557:The Three Graces 2553: 2532: 2514: 2496: 2486:Hermitage Museum 2483: 2480: 2471: 2461:Royal Collection 2443: 2425: 2408: 2388: 2375: 2374: 1635–1638 2372: 2361: 2352:, Prado, c. 1635 2346: 2331: 2316: 2301: 2281: 2266: 2253: 2252: 1617–1628 2250: 2239: 2229: 2226: 2217: 2207: 2204: 2195: 2177: 2159: 2156: 2145: 2130: 2112: 2102: 2099: 2090: 2073: 2056: 2025: 2022: 2009:Kunsthaus Zürich 1996: 1993: 1838: 1835: 1809: 1806: 1704: 1701: 1631:Deodat del Monte 1599:Anthony van Dyck 1549:Marie de' Medici 1521:Gaspar Gevartius 1423:, also known as 1406:The Three Graces 1368:Banqueting House 1346:National Gallery 1282: 1281: 1622–1625 1279: 1245:Marie de' Medici 1224: 1221: 1167:Lucas Vorsterman 1078: 1075: 1069:Prometheus Bound 1060:Anthony van Dyck 994: 991: 901:Anthony van Dyck 708:Deodat del Monte 652:Tobias Verhaecht 622:, librarian and 549:the Duke of Alba 530: 525: 486:Maria Pypelincks 389:humanist scholar 377:Duchy of Brabant 338: 333: 326: 321: 320: 317: 316: 313: 310: 307: 304: 301: 280: 258:Maria Pypelincks 223: 221: 201: 199: 133:Tobias Verhaecht 103: 67:Royal Collection 58: 39: 38: 21: 6078: 6077: 6073: 6072: 6071: 6069: 6068: 6067: 6063:Spanish knights 6058:English knights 5943: 5942: 5941: 5936: 5901: 5896:Nicolaas Rockox 5842:Helena Fourment 5819: 5803: 5784: 5761: 5405:The Fall of Man 5328:(Antwerp; 1624) 5069:The Five Senses 4557:Transfiguration 4452: 4446: 4441: 4375: 4345:Vlieghe, Hans, 4285: 4252: 4250:Further reading 4226: 4199: 4169: 4097: 4069: 4047: 4039: 4034: 4033: 4022: 4018: 4007: 4003: 3993: 3991: 3980: 3976: 3961: 3957: 3951: 3935: 3931: 3918: 3917: 3913: 3904: 3900: 3891: 3887: 3878: 3874: 3863: 3862: 3858: 3849: 3845: 3839: 3823: 3819: 3806: 3802: 3793: 3792: 3788: 3783: 3779: 3769: 3767: 3759: 3758: 3754: 3739:10.2307/3177384 3723: 3716: 3689: 3685: 3677: 3673: 3668: 3664: 3655: 3651: 3641: 3639: 3626: 3625: 3621: 3616: 3612: 3607: 3603: 3598: 3594: 3589: 3585: 3580: 3576: 3571: 3567: 3562: 3558: 3553: 3549: 3537: 3533: 3528: 3524: 3501: 3494: 3489: 3485: 3476: 3474: 3472: 3446: 3442: 3437: 3433: 3428: 3424: 3419: 3415: 3410: 3406: 3401: 3397: 3374: 3370: 3361: 3357: 3352: 3348: 3343: 3339: 3334: 3330: 3323: 3307: 3303: 3298: 3294: 3283: 3274: 3269: 3265: 3256: 3249: 3240: 3236: 3231: 3220: 3215: 3211: 3206: 3195: 3186: 3182: 3175: 3161: 3157: 3151: 3143: 3139: 3130: 3126: 3117: 3113: 3106: 3103:Wayback Machine 3093:Nico Van Hout, 3091: 3087: 3074: 3070: 3056: 3052: 3047: 3040: 3033: 3024: 3015: 3008: 2999: 2990: 2981: 2972: 2965: 2952: 2943: 2934: 2925: 2912: 2898: 2889: 2880: 2869: 2860: 2851: 2842: 2839: 2830: 2821: 2807: 2798: 2787: 2778:Biblical Scenes 2773: 2767: 2758: 2752: 2743: 2737: 2728: 2716: 2707: 2705:Alte Pinakothek 2700: 2692:Helena Fourment 2688: 2679: 2670: 2656: 2652: 2641: 2632: 2614: 2605: 2594: 2585: 2581: 2572: 2563: 2554: 2545: 2533: 2524: 2522:Museo del Prado 2515: 2506: 2497: 2488: 2481: 2472: 2463: 2444: 2435: 2426: 2417: 2409: 2395: 2389: 2380: 2373: 2362: 2353: 2347: 2338: 2332: 2323: 2317: 2308: 2302: 2288: 2282: 2273: 2267: 2258: 2251: 2240: 2231: 2227: 2218: 2209: 2205: 2196: 2187: 2178: 2164: 2162:Alte Pinakothek 2157: 2146: 2137: 2131: 2122: 2113: 2104: 2100: 2091: 2082: 2074: 2065: 2057: 2048:Early paintings 2045: 2023: 1994: 1977:Alexander Dumas 1927:Blenheim Palace 1836: 1807: 1767: 1711: 1702: 1611:Lucas Faydherbe 1591:Willem Panneels 1562: 1533: 1509:Helena Fourment 1505:Lucas Faydherbe 1472: 1395:Helena Fourment 1364: 1333:The Fall of Man 1322:Diego Velázquez 1280: 1273:Anna of Austria 1241: 1235: 1222: 1196:Willem Panneels 1076: 997:Alte Pinakothek 992: 981:Isabella Brandt 972: 958:Galileo Galilei 905:Joshua Reynolds 870:Philip III 730: 611: 531:) during which 523: 470: 465: 345:Flemish Baroque 331: 324: 298: 294: 262: 226: 225: 222: 1630) 217: 213: 211:Helena Fourment 203: 195: 191: 188: 139: 135: 114: 105: 101: 92: 79: 70: 49: 46: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6076: 6066: 6065: 6060: 6055: 6050: 6045: 6040: 6035: 6030: 6025: 6020: 6015: 6010: 6008:Court painters 6005: 6000: 5995: 5990: 5985: 5980: 5975: 5970: 5965: 5960: 5955: 5938: 5937: 5935: 5934: 5931:Rubens' Europe 5928: 5923: 5915: 5909: 5907: 5903: 5902: 5900: 5899: 5893: 5887: 5884:Adam van Noort 5881: 5875: 5869: 5863: 5857: 5851: 5845: 5839: 5836:Isabella Brant 5833: 5827: 5825: 5821: 5820: 5818: 5817: 5811: 5809: 5805: 5804: 5802: 5801: 5792: 5790: 5786: 5785: 5783: 5782: 5769: 5767: 5763: 5762: 5760: 5759: 5751: 5750:(Munich; 1640) 5743: 5735: 5727: 5719: 5711: 5703: 5695: 5687: 5679: 5665: 5657: 5649: 5641: 5633: 5625: 5624:(London; 1636) 5617: 5609: 5601: 5593: 5585: 5577: 5569: 5561: 5553: 5545: 5537: 5529: 5521: 5513: 5505: 5497: 5489: 5481: 5473: 5465: 5457: 5449: 5441: 5433: 5429:Cimon and Pero 5425: 5417: 5409: 5401: 5393: 5385: 5377: 5376:(c. 1626–1628) 5369: 5361: 5353: 5345: 5337: 5329: 5321: 5313: 5305: 5297: 5289: 5281: 5273: 5265: 5257: 5253:Isabella Brant 5249: 5241: 5233: 5225: 5217: 5209: 5201: 5193: 5185: 5177: 5169: 5161: 5153: 5145: 5137: 5136:(c. 1618–1620) 5129: 5121: 5113: 5105: 5097: 5089: 5081: 5073: 5065: 5057: 5049: 5041: 5033: 5025: 5017: 5009: 5001: 4993: 4985: 4977: 4969: 4961: 4953: 4945: 4937: 4929: 4921: 4913: 4909:The Tiger Hunt 4905: 4897: 4889: 4881: 4873: 4865: 4857: 4849: 4841: 4833: 4825: 4817: 4809: 4801: 4793: 4785: 4777: 4769: 4761: 4753: 4745: 4737: 4729: 4728:(c. 1611–1615) 4721: 4713: 4705: 4697: 4689: 4681: 4673: 4665: 4661:Juno and Argus 4657: 4649: 4641: 4633: 4625: 4617: 4609: 4601: 4593: 4585: 4577: 4569: 4561: 4553: 4545: 4537: 4536:(c. 1604/1605) 4529: 4521: 4513: 4505: 4497: 4489: 4481: 4477:The Deposition 4473: 4465: 4456: 4454: 4448: 4447: 4440: 4439: 4432: 4425: 4417: 4411: 4410: 4405: 4396: 4374: 4373:External links 4371: 4370: 4369: 4359: 4343: 4327: 4320: 4301:Lilar, Suzanne 4298: 4292: 4289: 4283: 4266: 4260: 4251: 4248: 4247: 4246: 4237: 4230: 4224: 4203: 4197: 4176: 4173: 4167: 4147:Jaffé, Michael 4143: 4128: 4121: 4111: 4101: 4095: 4073: 4067: 4050: 4038: 4035: 4032: 4031: 4028:. China Daily. 4016: 4001: 3974: 3955: 3949: 3929: 3911: 3898: 3892:W. Pickering, 3885: 3872: 3856: 3843: 3837: 3817: 3800: 3795:"Early Rubens" 3786: 3777: 3752: 3733:(3): 490–522. 3714: 3703:(2): 216–218. 3683: 3671: 3662: 3649: 3638:on 31 May 2009 3619: 3610: 3601: 3592: 3590:Auwers: p. 32. 3583: 3581:Auwers: p. 25. 3574: 3565: 3556: 3547: 3531: 3522: 3492: 3483: 3470: 3440: 3431: 3422: 3413: 3404: 3395: 3368: 3355: 3346: 3337: 3328: 3322:978-1351613200 3321: 3301: 3292: 3285:Paul Huvenne, 3272: 3263: 3247: 3234: 3218: 3209: 3193: 3180: 3173: 3155: 3137: 3124: 3122:, pp. 183–199. 3111: 3085: 3068: 3049: 3048: 3046: 3043: 3042: 3041: 3034: 1629–30 3025: 3018: 3016: 3000: 2993: 2991: 2988:Nationalmuseum 2982: 2975: 2973: 2953: 2946: 2944: 2941:British Museum 2935: 2928: 2926: 2913: 2906: 2904: 2900: 2899: 2890: 2883: 2881: 2870: 2863: 2861: 2852: 2845: 2843: 2840: 1613–14 2831: 2824: 2822: 2808: 2801: 2799: 2788: 2781: 2779: 2775: 2774: 2768: 2761: 2759: 2755:Pastoral Scene 2753: 2746: 2744: 2738: 2731: 2729: 2717: 2710: 2708: 2689: 2682: 2680: 2671: 2664: 2662: 2658: 2657: 2655:, Prado Museum 2642: 2635: 2633: 2615: 2608: 2606: 2595: 2588: 2586: 2584:, Prado Museum 2582: 1639–40 2573: 2566: 2564: 2555: 2548: 2546: 2534: 2527: 2525: 2516: 2509: 2507: 2498: 2491: 2489: 2473: 2466: 2464: 2445: 2438: 2436: 2427: 2420: 2418: 2410: 2403: 2401: 2397: 2396: 2390: 2383: 2381: 2363: 2356: 2354: 2348: 2341: 2339: 2333: 2326: 2324: 2318: 2311: 2309: 2303: 2296: 2294: 2290: 2289: 2283: 2276: 2274: 2268: 2261: 2259: 2241: 2234: 2232: 2219: 2212: 2210: 2197: 2190: 2188: 2179: 2172: 2170: 2166: 2165: 2147: 2140: 2138: 2132: 2125: 2123: 2114: 2107: 2105: 2092: 2085: 2083: 2075: 2068: 2066: 2058: 2051: 2049: 2044: 2041: 2040: 2039: 2012: 2002: 1980: 1969: 1958: 1952: 1941: 1930: 1919: 1902:The paintings 1900: 1881: 1880: 1879: 1865: 1859: 1853: 1823: 1822: 1815: 1799: 1793: 1787: 1782: 1766: 1763: 1762: 1761: 1754: 1747: 1740: 1733: 1726: 1719: 1710: 1707: 1703: 1616/17 1682:Jacob Jordaens 1643:Pieter Soutman 1635:Cornelis Schut 1561: 1558: 1532: 1529: 1471: 1468: 1433:, such as the 1363: 1360: 1306:Master of Arts 1298:Dutch Republic 1255:in Paris. The 1237:Main article: 1234: 1231: 1192:Paulus Pontius 1077: 1611–12 1032:Isabella Brant 971: 968: 874:Philip II 729: 726: 672:Adam van Noort 636:Tobias Stimmer 610: 609:Apprenticeship 607: 571:Anna of Saxony 469: 466: 464: 461: 341:Flemish artist 286: 285: 282: 281: 273: 272: 268: 267: 264: 263: 261: 260: 255: 249: 247: 243: 242: 232: 228: 227: 215: 209: 208: 207: 206: 193: 189: 186:Isabella Brant 184: 183: 182: 181: 178: 176: 172: 171: 163: 159: 158: 148: 147:Known for 144: 143: 137:Adam van Noort 130: 126: 125: 120: 116: 115: 106: 104:(aged 62) 98: 94: 93: 80: 76: 72: 71: 59: 51: 50: 47: 42: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6075: 6064: 6061: 6059: 6056: 6054: 6051: 6049: 6046: 6044: 6041: 6039: 6036: 6034: 6031: 6029: 6026: 6024: 6021: 6019: 6016: 6014: 6011: 6009: 6006: 6004: 6001: 5999: 5996: 5994: 5991: 5989: 5986: 5984: 5981: 5979: 5976: 5974: 5971: 5969: 5966: 5964: 5961: 5959: 5956: 5954: 5951: 5950: 5948: 5932: 5929: 5927: 5924: 5921: 5920: 5916: 5914: 5911: 5910: 5908: 5904: 5897: 5894: 5891: 5890:Otto van Veen 5888: 5885: 5882: 5879: 5876: 5873: 5872:Philip Rubens 5870: 5867: 5864: 5861: 5858: 5855: 5854:Albert Rubens 5852: 5849: 5846: 5844:(second wife) 5843: 5840: 5837: 5834: 5832: 5831:Rubens family 5829: 5828: 5826: 5822: 5816: 5813: 5812: 5810: 5806: 5799: 5798: 5794: 5793: 5791: 5787: 5780: 5776: 5775: 5771: 5770: 5768: 5764: 5757: 5756: 5752: 5749: 5748: 5744: 5741: 5740: 5736: 5733: 5732: 5728: 5725: 5724: 5720: 5717: 5716: 5715:Self-Portrait 5712: 5709: 5708: 5704: 5701: 5700: 5696: 5693: 5692: 5688: 5685: 5684: 5680: 5677: 5676: 5671: 5670: 5666: 5663: 5662: 5658: 5655: 5654: 5650: 5647: 5646: 5642: 5639: 5638: 5634: 5631: 5630: 5626: 5623: 5622: 5618: 5615: 5614: 5610: 5607: 5606: 5602: 5599: 5598: 5594: 5591: 5590: 5586: 5583: 5582: 5578: 5575: 5574: 5570: 5567: 5566: 5562: 5559: 5558: 5554: 5551: 5550: 5546: 5543: 5542: 5538: 5535: 5534: 5530: 5527: 5526: 5522: 5519: 5518: 5514: 5511: 5510: 5506: 5503: 5502: 5498: 5495: 5494: 5490: 5487: 5486: 5482: 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5054: 5053:A Bearded Man 5050: 5047: 5046: 5042: 5039: 5038: 5034: 5031: 5030: 5026: 5023: 5022: 5018: 5015: 5014: 5010: 5007: 5006: 5002: 4999: 4998: 4994: 4991: 4990: 4986: 4983: 4982: 4978: 4975: 4974: 4970: 4967: 4966: 4962: 4959: 4958: 4954: 4951: 4950: 4946: 4943: 4942: 4938: 4935: 4934: 4930: 4927: 4926: 4922: 4919: 4918: 4914: 4911: 4910: 4906: 4903: 4902: 4898: 4895: 4894: 4890: 4887: 4886: 4882: 4879: 4878: 4874: 4871: 4870: 4866: 4863: 4862: 4858: 4855: 4854: 4850: 4847: 4846: 4842: 4839: 4838: 4834: 4831: 4830: 4826: 4823: 4822: 4818: 4815: 4814: 4810: 4807: 4806: 4802: 4799: 4798: 4794: 4791: 4790: 4786: 4783: 4782: 4778: 4775: 4774: 4770: 4767: 4766: 4762: 4759: 4758: 4754: 4751: 4750: 4746: 4743: 4742: 4738: 4735: 4734: 4733:Roman Charity 4730: 4727: 4726: 4722: 4719: 4718: 4714: 4711: 4710: 4706: 4703: 4702: 4698: 4695: 4694: 4693:Venus Frigida 4690: 4687: 4686: 4682: 4679: 4678: 4674: 4671: 4670: 4666: 4663: 4662: 4658: 4655: 4654: 4650: 4647: 4646: 4642: 4639: 4638: 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4184: 4177: 4174: 4170: 4168:0-8014-1064-9 4164: 4160: 4155: 4154: 4148: 4144: 4141: 4140:0-916758-12-5 4137: 4133: 4129: 4126: 4122: 4120: 4116: 4112: 4110: 4106: 4102: 4098: 4096:0-226-04215-4 4092: 4088: 4084: 4083: 4078: 4077:Belting, Hans 4074: 4070: 4068:0-7148-3412-2 4064: 4060: 4059:Phaidon Press 4056: 4051: 4045: 4041: 4040: 4027: 4020: 4012: 4005: 3989: 3985: 3978: 3970: 3966: 3959: 3952: 3946: 3942: 3941: 3933: 3925: 3921: 3915: 3908: 3902: 3895: 3889: 3882: 3876: 3868: 3867: 3860: 3853: 3847: 3840: 3834: 3830: 3829: 3821: 3813: 3812: 3804: 3796: 3790: 3781: 3766: 3762: 3756: 3748: 3744: 3740: 3736: 3732: 3728: 3721: 3719: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3694: 3687: 3680: 3675: 3666: 3659: 3653: 3637: 3633: 3629: 3623: 3614: 3605: 3596: 3587: 3578: 3569: 3560: 3551: 3545: 3544:0-691-00326-2 3541: 3535: 3526: 3518: 3514: 3510: 3506: 3499: 3497: 3487: 3473: 3467: 3463: 3459: 3455: 3451: 3444: 3435: 3426: 3417: 3408: 3399: 3391: 3387: 3383: 3379: 3372: 3365: 3359: 3350: 3341: 3332: 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Routledge. 3314: 3313: 3305: 3296: 3289: 3288: 3281: 3279: 3277: 3267: 3260: 3254: 3252: 3244: 3238: 3229: 3227: 3225: 3223: 3213: 3204: 3202: 3200: 3198: 3190: 3184: 3176: 3174:9780968987391 3170: 3166: 3159: 3149: 3148: 3141: 3134: 3128: 3121: 3115: 3104: 3100: 3097: 3096: 3089: 3082: 3078: 3072: 3065: 3064: 3059: 3054: 3050: 3039: 3028: 3022: 3017: 3014: 3003: 2997: 2992: 2989: 2985: 2979: 2974: 2971: 2960: 2958: 2950: 2945: 2942: 2939:, 1600-1608, 2938: 2932: 2927: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2910: 2905: 2902: 2901: 2897: 2893: 2887: 2882: 2879: 2875: 2874: 2867: 2862: 2859: 2855: 2849: 2844: 2834: 2828: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2805: 2800: 2797: 2794:, 1609–1610, 2793: 2792: 2785: 2780: 2777: 2776: 2771: 2765: 2760: 2756: 2750: 2745: 2741: 2735: 2730: 2726: 2725: 2720: 2714: 2709: 2706: 2695: 2693: 2686: 2681: 2678: 2674: 2668: 2663: 2660: 2659: 2647: 2646: 2639: 2634: 2630: 2629:Louvre Museum 2626: 2624: 2620: 2612: 2607: 2604: 2601:, 1635–1638, 2600: 2599: 2592: 2587: 2576: 2570: 2565: 2562: 2558: 2552: 2547: 2543: 2540:, 1629–1630, 2539: 2538: 2531: 2526: 2523: 2519: 2513: 2508: 2504: 2503: 2495: 2490: 2487: 2476: 2470: 2465: 2462: 2458: 2457: 2456:Metamorphoses 2452: 2451:Frans Snyders 2448: 2442: 2437: 2434: 2430: 2424: 2419: 2416: 2414: 2407: 2402: 2399: 2398: 2393: 2387: 2382: 2379: 2368: 2367: 2360: 2355: 2351: 2345: 2340: 2336: 2330: 2325: 2321: 2315: 2310: 2306: 2300: 2295: 2292: 2291: 2286: 2280: 2275: 2271: 2265: 2260: 2257: 2246: 2245: 2238: 2233: 2222: 2216: 2211: 2200: 2194: 2189: 2186: 2182: 2176: 2171: 2168: 2167: 2163: 2152: 2151: 2144: 2139: 2135: 2129: 2124: 2120: 2119:at the Mirror 2118: 2111: 2106: 2095: 2089: 2084: 2080: 2079: 2072: 2067: 2064:, 1603, Prado 2063: 2062: 2055: 2050: 2047: 2046: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2018: 2017: 2013: 2010: 2006: 2003: 2000: 1999:Osterley Park 1989: 1985: 1982:The painting 1981: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1967: 1963: 1962:The Lion Hunt 1960:The painting 1959: 1956: 1953: 1950: 1946: 1943:The painting 1942: 1939: 1935: 1932:The painting 1931: 1928: 1924: 1921:The painting 1920: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1877: 1876:Last Judgment 1873: 1869: 1866: 1863: 1860: 1857: 1854: 1851: 1848: 1847: 1846: 1845: 1842: 1831: 1827: 1820: 1816: 1813: 1803: 1800: 1797: 1794: 1791: 1788: 1786: 1783: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1771: 1770: 1759: 1755: 1752: 1748: 1745: 1741: 1738: 1734: 1731: 1727: 1724: 1720: 1717: 1713: 1712: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1674:Frans Snyders 1671: 1666: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1651:Frans Wouters 1648: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1627:Peter van Mol 1624: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1576: 1572: 1571: 1566: 1557: 1553: 1550: 1541: 1537: 1528: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1513: 1510: 1506: 1501: 1497: 1492: 1488: 1480: 1476: 1467: 1465: 1464: 1459: 1455: 1454: 1449: 1448: 1443: 1438: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1427: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1413: 1408: 1407: 1402: 1401: 1396: 1389: 1388: 1383: 1379: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1359: 1357: 1356: 1349: 1347: 1343: 1335: 1334: 1329: 1325: 1323: 1319: 1313: 1311: 1307: 1301: 1299: 1294: 1289: 1275: 1274: 1268: 1264: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1249:Henry IV 1246: 1240: 1228: 1217: 1216: 1211: 1207: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1147: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1136: 1133:Tintoretto's 1130: 1126: 1122: 1121: 1116: 1115: 1107: 1104:, 1613–1615, 1103: 1099: 1095: 1093: 1089: 1084: 1082: 1071: 1070: 1065: 1064:Frans Snyders 1061: 1056: 1048: 1044: 1039: 1035: 1033: 1029: 1024: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 998: 987: 986: 982: 976: 967: 965: 964: 959: 953: 950: 946: 942: 938: 934: 926: 922: 918: 916: 915: 910: 906: 902: 898: 897: 892: 887: 885: 884: 879: 875: 871: 863: 859: 858: 853: 849: 847: 843: 839: 835: 831: 830: 825: 821: 820: 815: 814: 809: 804: 802: 798: 794: 790: 789: 784: 780: 776: 772: 768: 764: 760: 756: 752: 748: 740: 739: 734: 725: 723: 719: 715: 714: 709: 705: 701: 697: 696:Otto van Veen 692: 689: 685: 681: 680:Low Countries 677: 673: 664: 660: 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4182: 4152: 4131: 4124: 4114: 4104: 4081: 4054: 4043: 4019: 4013:. Le Figaro. 4004: 3994:26 September 3992:. Retrieved 3988:The Guardian 3987: 3977: 3968: 3958: 3939: 3932: 3923: 3914: 3906: 3901: 3893: 3888: 3880: 3875: 3865: 3859: 3851: 3850:John Smith, 3846: 3827: 3820: 3810: 3803: 3789: 3780: 3768:. Retrieved 3764: 3755: 3730: 3726: 3700: 3696: 3692: 3686: 3674: 3665: 3657: 3652: 3640:. 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