1070:
913:
340:
1019:
779:
329:
354:
322:
347:
379:
372:
365:
315:
586:
70:
1266:
679:
over
Lebanon in the late 1930s and early 1940s, and advocated an independent state, free from foreign control. He was known for his deft political maneuvering, which led him to take positions which were seen by supporters as pragmatic, but by opponents as contradictory, or even hypocritical. Although
855:
in 1932 was the trigger for the establishment of the Kateb Party, since the former actively tried to influence
Lebanon towards the Syrian interests, leading to direct challenge for Lebanese nationalists. The founders of the Kataeb Party were young, French-educated and middle-class professionals who
868:
In the years before and after
Lebanon's independence, Gemayel's influence and that of the Kataeb Party was limited. It survived a French attempt to forcibly dissolve it in 1937 and took part in an uprising against the French Mandate in 1943, but despite its membership of 35,000, it operated on the
834:
party (Kataeb Party) with
Georges Naqqache, Charles Helou, Chafic Nassif and Hamid Franjieh, who was later replaced with Emile Yared, modelling the party after the Spanish and Italian Fascist parties he had observed there. At first, the goal of the party was to enhance people's patriotism and
1088:
Gemayel was married to
Genevieve Gemayel, and they celebrated the 50th anniversary of their marriage in August 1984. They had six children. His younger son, Bachir Gemayel was assassinated on 14 September 1982 after being elected to the presidency. His grandson
860:, who later served as Lebanon's president from 1964 to 1970, was one of the founders. By the time of his presidency, however, Helou was no longer a party member, and Gemayel unsuccessfully opposed him in the presidential election of 1964.
901:. By the end of the 1960s, the Kataeb Party held 9 seats in the National Assembly, making it one of the largest groupings in Lebanon's notoriously fractured and sectarian parliament. Although his bids for the
843:
during this visit to the
Central Europe after the 1936 Olympic games, and employed the doctrine of this movement while founding the Kataeb party. Kataeb Party is described as a right-wing Christian Party.
956:. He later defended his actions, saying that Lebanon really had no choice. In the 1970s, he came to oppose the armed Palestinian presence in Lebanon. The Kataeb created a military Security Council led by
1050:, Switzerland, aimed at ending the civil war and the occupation of the country by Israeli troops in 1982, he agreed to serve once more in a cabinet of national unity that was formed by
940:, and Gemayel's position was always solid and consistent advocating a Lebanon separated from the other Arab states and linked to France and the West. He opposed the presence of the
1093:, then industry minister, was similarly assassinated on 21 November 2006. Several other descendants of Pierre Gemayel, including two grandchildren, were also murdered during the
975:, but he soon became convinced that Syria was occupying Lebanon for reasons of its own. In 1976, he joined other mainly Christian leaders, including former president
905:
in 1964 and 1970 were unsuccessful, Gemayel continued to hold cabinet posts intermittently throughout the remaining quarter-century of his life. For instance, he was
1042:
was elected to replace him. Pierre
Gemayel himself initially stayed out of Amine Gemayel's government, but in early 1984, after participating in two conferences in
2045:
1756:
2020:
2040:
613:
1540:
1452:
822:, the former LFA president. After the games, he also visited various Central European countries. Gemayel remained president of the LFA until 1939.
819:
105:
835:
civic-mindedness, but later on turned into a political resistance to the French authorities in the region. Gemayel was also influenced from the
117:
1965:
944:. His supporters viewed this as a sign of strength and patriotism, while his detractors saw it as incoherent. Gemayel reluctantly signed the
2030:
487:
1749:
1683:
1657:
1628:
1558:
1147:
1514:
1069:
1960:
1602:
1488:
2005:
897:, from a Beirut constituency, a seat he held for the rest of his life. In 1958, Gemayel was appointed deputy to then prime minister
2015:
1995:
1061:
on 29 August 1984. He was at the age of 78. Gemayel's body was buried next to Bashir
Gemayel's grave in Bikfaya on 30 August 1984.
1950:
606:
2035:
1742:
2000:
1990:
1805:
1395:
1322:
1242:
1054:
in May 1984. He served as the minister of public health and communications in the cabinet led by then prime minister Karami.
553:
1385:
2050:
1975:
912:
1114:
599:
2010:
1980:
1970:
1498:
1365:
525:
1332:
848:
2025:
1280:
807:
803:
795:
712:
708:
991:, to oppose the Syrians. On 11 October 1978, Gemayel bitterly denounced the Syrian military presence, and the
2055:
1765:
1715:
1544:
906:
902:
791:
720:
666:
515:
82:
889:
and supported the return of foreign troops to
Lebanon. In the aftermath of the war, Gemayel was appointed a
877:, that Gemayel emerged as a leader of the right-wing nationalist (mainly Christian) movement that opposed a
1197:
894:
782:
Pierre
Gemayel (far right) prior to the friendly game in Beirut against Austrian club Admira Vienna in 1937
650:
1955:
1357:
971:
of 1975 to 1990. He initially welcomed Syrian intervention on the side of the Christians and against the
972:
689:
676:
558:
1413:"The Supervigilantes: The Lebanese Kataeb Party as a Builder, Surrogate and Defender of the State"
1985:
1350:
984:
739:
family. His father Amine Bachir Gemayel, known as Abou Ali, and his uncle were forced to flee to
681:
573:
535:
270:
1006:
On 4 June 1979, an attempt was made to assassinate Pierre Gemayel. The previous month, 13 May,
945:
874:
654:
510:
19:
This article is about a patriarch of a Lebanese family. For his grandson of the same name, see
1790:
1035:
937:
1232:
1945:
1940:
1090:
811:
787:
704:
657:(also known as the Phalangist Party), as a parliamentary powerbroker, and as the father of
339:
234:
20:
8:
1018:
996:
941:
870:
1469:
1432:
1094:
968:
949:
890:
744:
1724:
1038:
on 14 September, nine days before his scheduled inauguration. Bachir's older brother,
1907:
1494:
1473:
1391:
1361:
1328:
1276:
1238:
952:
guerrillas to set up bases on Lebanese soil, from which to carry out actions against
563:
424:
409:
298:
222:
1861:
1795:
1461:
1424:
1000:
882:
778:
1816:
1719:
976:
886:
642:
530:
505:
472:
419:
414:
404:
29:
1734:
988:
1073:
1031:
992:
961:
893:
in a four-member Unity government. Two years later, Gemayel was elected to the
840:
836:
748:
658:
589:
477:
467:
434:
254:
172:
168:
1428:
1120:
1934:
1465:
1051:
1039:
1007:
980:
898:
857:
770:, Palestine. The pharmacy was located in Sahat Al Hanatir (Carriage Square).
697:
693:
662:
482:
449:
439:
353:
321:
258:
242:
1629:"Pierre Gemayel, Lebanon war figure and father of nation's president, dies"
1077:
967:
Gemayel was also to reverse his position on the Syrian intervention in the
957:
921:
852:
831:
685:
520:
399:
328:
238:
212:
1296:
909:
from 1960 to 1961 and in 1968, and the minister of public works in 1970.
762:
school. He went on to study pharmacy at the French faculty of medicine in
346:
1779:
1729:
1176:
752:
444:
378:
948:
under enormous pressure from the international community, which allowed
649:; 6 November 1905 – 29 August 1984), was a Lebanese political leader. A
371:
1436:
1412:
364:
265:
33:
314:
878:
736:
568:
1234:
Pluralism and Party Transformation in Lebanon: Al-Kataʼib, 1936-1970
1047:
585:
1800:
1712:
1058:
1023:
732:
164:
69:
41:
1081:
1043:
953:
929:
815:
763:
759:
673:
125:
1387:
Middle Eastern terrorism: from Black September to September 11
1057:
Gemayel was still in office when he died of a heart attack in
830:
On his return to Lebanon from Europe, in 1936 Gemayel founded
767:
740:
1450:
Joseph, Suad (July 2011). "Political Familism in Lebanon".
799:
766:, where he later opened a pharmacy. He owned a pharmacy in
716:
1022:
The Sheikh Pierre Gemayel Memorial, in Gemayel's hometown
885:
inspired attempt to overthrow the government of president
1592:
Middle East International No 100, 25 May 1979; pp.13-15
1583:
Middle East International No 101, 8 June 1979; pp.12-14
1324:
All honorable men: the social origins of war in Lebanon
1034:, elected president of Lebanon on 23 August 1982, only
856:
committed to independent and Western-oriented Lebanon.
1603:"Lebanese cabinet members announced; one refuses post"
1730:
High Quality Photo Collection of Lebanon By Paul Saad
1275:] (in Arabic). مؤسسة نوفل للتوزيع. p. 17.
1230:
1349:
1764:
1932:
1453:American Academy of Political and Social Science
1390:. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 85.
786:Gemayel also took an interest in sport, playing
2046:Presidents of the Lebanese Football Association
794:(LFA); the same year he became Lebanon's first
711:as a player. He also became the first Lebanese
1356:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. p.
960:, which came to be commanded by Gemayel's son
751:rule, returning to Lebanon only at the end of
731:Pierre Gemayel was born on 6 November 1905 in
1750:
1658:"Pierre Gemayel was praised as Lebanese hero"
1486:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1218:
825:
607:
1652:
1650:
936:Lebanon has long been a battleground in the
2021:20th-century people from the Ottoman Empire
1664:. Bikfaya. Associated Press. 30 August 1984
1148:"Pierre Gemayel, Lebanese Christian leader"
726:
1757:
1743:
1690:. Beirut. Associated Press. 30 August 1984
1352:The war on terrorism and the terror of God
1215:
1154:. Beirut. Associated Press. 30 August 1984
1142:
1140:
1138:
773:
614:
600:
1647:
1565:. Beirut. Associated Press. 28 March 1970
1487:Mermier, Franck; Mervin, Sabrina (2012).
653:, he is remembered as the founder of the
1676:
1621:
1551:
1507:
1383:
1347:
1273:1991–1992 Lebanese Football Encyclopedia
1068:
1017:
1013:
911:
777:
2041:Lebanon men's international footballers
1595:
1410:
1320:
1135:
1010:also escaped an assassination attempt.
684:, he later changed his position due to
1933:
1684:"Pierre Gemayel dies in Lebanon at 78"
1559:"Guerrillas, Arab militia in shootout"
1449:
1443:
1171:
1169:
719:, and was the second president of the
1738:
1515:"New cabinet in Lebanon civil strife"
1321:Johnson, Michael (23 November 2002).
790:. In 1935 he became president of the
554:Lebanese Forces (Lebanese Resistance)
1966:Members of the Parliament of Lebanon
1268:موسوعة كرة القدم اللبنانية 1991–1992
1264:
1192:
1190:
1175:
2031:Candidates for President of Lebanon
1725:Poème en souvenir de Pierre Gemayel
1384:Ensalaco, Mark (30 November 2007).
1166:
1076:with his father Pierre Gemayel and
849:the Syrian Social Nationalist Party
665:, both of whom were elected to the
646:
293:This article is part of a series on
13:
1543:. 18 December 2019. Archived from
14:
2067:
1961:Maronites from the Ottoman Empire
1706:
1187:
669:of the republic in his lifetime.
2006:People of the Lebanese Civil War
1493:(in French). KARTHALA Editions.
1064:
964:upon the assassination of Hawi.
584:
377:
370:
363:
352:
345:
338:
327:
320:
313:
68:
2016:Lebanese independence activists
1996:Government ministers of Lebanon
1586:
1577:
1533:
1480:
1404:
1377:
1183:. Nation Books. pp. 48–49.
16:Lebanese politician (1905-1984)
1951:Saint Joseph University alumni
1341:
1314:
1289:
1258:
1107:
1:
1766:Lebanese Football Association
1713:Lebanese Kataeb Official Site
1490:Leaders et partisans au Liban
1348:Griffith, Lee (1 June 2004).
1327:. I. B. Tauris. p. 148.
1100:
1030:Gemayel saw his younger son,
792:Lebanese Football Association
721:Lebanese Football Association
707:in the 1930s, captaining the
703:Gemayel also had a career in
83:Lebanese Football Association
2001:Tourism ministers of Lebanon
1991:Finance ministers of Lebanon
1231:John Pierre Entelis (1974).
680:publicly sympathetic to the
7:
1003:" against the Syrian army.
10:
2072:
2051:Lebanese football referees
2036:Lebanese men's footballers
1976:Lebanese Front politicians
1297:"Lebanon - Phalange Party"
1119:. You Tube. Archived from
973:Lebanese National Movement
826:Foundation of Kataeb Party
690:Lebanese National Movement
27:
18:
1894:
1834:
1772:
1429:10.1080/00263207508700297
1372:lebanon phalange fascism.
1265:Sakr, Ali Hamidi (1992).
1084:anniversary event in 1977
863:
832:Al Kataeb Al Loubnaniyyah
723:, between 1935 and 1939.
692:and its calls to end the
284:
276:
264:
248:
228:
218:
208:
200:
192:
178:
151:
146:
142:
131:
124:Member of Parliament for
123:
111:
99:
88:
80:
76:
67:
60:
53:
2011:Lebanese anti-communists
1981:Political party founders
1971:Kataeb Party politicians
1635:. Beirut. 29 August 1984
1466:10.1177/0002716211398434
1267:
1115:
758:Gemayel was educated at
727:Early life and education
559:Kataeb Regulatory Forces
61:
1688:Sarasota Herald Tribune
1411:Stoakes, Frank (1975).
985:Guardians of the Cedars
946:Cairo Agreement of 1969
873:. It was not until the
810:, Gemayel attended the
774:In association football
574:Guardians of the Cedars
536:Free Patriotic Movement
271:Saint Joseph University
1718:8 October 2019 at the
1607:The Milwaukee Sentinel
1417:Middle Eastern Studies
1085:
1027:
933:
783:
252:6 children, including:
2026:Falangist politicians
1237:. BRILL. p. 46.
1072:
1021:
1014:Later years and death
997:Lebanese regular army
938:Israeli-Arab conflict
915:
808:Lebanon national team
781:
747:in 1914 for opposing
715:to officiate matches
709:Lebanon national team
81:2nd President of the
2056:Maronite politicians
1633:The Pittsburgh Press
1563:The Spokesman Review
1547:on 18 December 2019.
1091:Pierre Amine Gemayel
942:Palestinian refugees
627:Pierre Amine Gemayel
235:Pierre Amine Gemayel
21:Pierre Amine Gemayel
1895:General secretaries
1198:"Pierre El Gemayel"
907:minister of finance
516:Constitutional Bloc
1956:Lebanese Maronites
1541:"Former Ministers"
1519:The Daily Reporter
1086:
1036:to be assassinated
1028:
969:Lebanese Civil War
934:
847:The foundation of
812:1936 Olympic games
784:
745:sentenced to death
1928:
1927:
1908:Joseph Nalbandian
1521:. 14 October 1958
1397:978-0-8122-4046-7
1301:CountryStudies.us
1244:978-90-04-03911-7
1080:'s family at the
999:in a successful "
895:National Assembly
875:Civil War of 1958
871:Lebanese politics
735:, Lebanon into a
682:Palestinian cause
651:Maronite Catholic
624:
623:
425:Suleiman Frangieh
410:Bechara El Khoury
300:Maronite politics
288:
287:
223:Genevieve Gemayel
2063:
1915:Bahij Bou Hamzah
1862:Nassif Majdalani
1759:
1752:
1745:
1736:
1735:
1700:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1680:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1654:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1625:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1599:
1593:
1590:
1584:
1581:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1511:
1505:
1504:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1355:
1345:
1339:
1338:
1318:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1293:
1287:
1286:
1262:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1228:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1194:
1185:
1184:
1173:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1144:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1111:
1095:civil war period
1001:Hundred Days War
932:Security Council
928:), Chief of the
916:Pierre Gemayel (
891:cabinet minister
883:Arab-nationalist
713:football referee
648:
616:
609:
602:
588:
526:National Liberal
381:
374:
367:
356:
349:
342:
331:
324:
317:
301:
290:
289:
188:Bikfaya, Lebanon
185:
161:
159:
147:Personal details
136:
114:
102:
93:
72:
51:
50:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2061:
2060:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1924:
1921:Jihad El Chohof
1890:
1830:
1768:
1763:
1720:Wayback Machine
1709:
1704:
1703:
1693:
1691:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1667:
1665:
1662:Lakeland Ledger
1656:
1655:
1648:
1638:
1636:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1612:
1610:
1601:
1600:
1596:
1591:
1587:
1582:
1578:
1568:
1566:
1557:
1556:
1552:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1524:
1522:
1513:
1512:
1508:
1501:
1485:
1481:
1448:
1444:
1409:
1405:
1398:
1382:
1378:
1368:
1346:
1342:
1335:
1319:
1315:
1305:
1303:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1283:
1269:
1263:
1259:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1229:
1216:
1206:
1204:
1196:
1195:
1188:
1181:Pity The Nation
1174:
1167:
1157:
1155:
1146:
1145:
1136:
1126:
1124:
1123:on 25 June 2014
1117:
1116:شيخ بيار الجميل
1113:
1112:
1108:
1103:
1067:
1016:
979:, the diplomat
977:Camille Chamoun
887:Camille Chamoun
866:
828:
800:internationally
776:
729:
717:internationally
688:support of the
672:He opposed the
629:, also spelled
620:
579:
578:
549:
541:
540:
531:Marada Movement
506:Lebanese Forces
501:
493:
492:
463:
455:
454:
420:Camille Chamoun
415:Alfred Naqqache
395:
387:
386:
385:
384:
383:
382:
375:
368:
359:
358:
357:
350:
343:
334:
333:
332:
325:
318:
299:
257:
253:
241:
237:
233:
209:Political party
187:
183:
163:
162:6 November 1905
157:
155:
137:
132:
112:
100:
94:
89:
63:
56:
49:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2069:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1986:Gemayel family
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1905:
1902:
1898:
1896:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1845:Pierre Gemayel
1842:
1841:Hussein Sejaan
1838:
1836:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1776:
1774:
1773:Founding clubs
1770:
1769:
1762:
1761:
1754:
1747:
1739:
1733:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1708:
1707:External links
1705:
1702:
1701:
1675:
1646:
1620:
1594:
1585:
1576:
1550:
1532:
1506:
1499:
1479:
1442:
1423:(3): 215–236.
1403:
1396:
1376:
1366:
1340:
1333:
1313:
1288:
1281:
1257:
1243:
1214:
1202:abdogedeon.com
1186:
1165:
1134:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1074:Bachir Gemayel
1066:
1063:
1032:Bachir Gemayel
1015:
1012:
993:Lebanese Front
865:
862:
841:Czechoslovakia
837:Sokol movement
827:
824:
820:Hussein Sejaan
775:
772:
728:
725:
696:and establish
659:Bachir Gemayel
622:
621:
619:
618:
611:
604:
596:
593:
592:
590:Lebanon portal
581:
580:
577:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
550:
547:
546:
543:
542:
539:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
502:
499:
498:
495:
494:
491:
490:
485:
480:
475:
470:
464:
461:
460:
457:
456:
453:
452:
447:
442:
437:
435:Bachir Gemayel
432:
430:Pierre Gemayel
427:
422:
417:
412:
407:
402:
396:
393:
392:
389:
388:
376:
369:
362:
361:
360:
351:
344:
337:
336:
335:
326:
319:
312:
311:
310:
309:
308:
307:
304:
303:
295:
294:
286:
285:
282:
281:
278:
274:
273:
268:
262:
261:
255:Bachir Gemayel
250:
246:
245:
230:
226:
225:
220:
216:
215:
210:
206:
205:
202:
198:
197:
194:
190:
189:
186:(aged 78)
182:29 August 1984
180:
176:
175:
173:Ottoman Empire
169:Beirut Vilayet
153:
149:
148:
144:
143:
140:
139:
129:
128:
121:
120:
115:
109:
108:
106:Hussein Sejaan
103:
97:
96:
86:
85:
78:
77:
74:
73:
65:
64:
58:
57:
55:Pierre Gemayel
54:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2068:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1920:
1918:Raheef Alameh
1917:
1914:
1912:Raheef Alameh
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:Izzat Al Turk
1903:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1887:Hachem Haidar
1886:
1884:Nabil Al Raei
1883:
1880:
1877:
1875:George Dabbas
1874:
1871:
1869:Izzat Al Turk
1868:
1866:Fouad Chamoun
1865:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1855:Gabriel Jamil
1854:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1833:
1826:
1823:
1821:International
1820:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:Jesuit Cercle
1786:
1784:Union Sportif
1783:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1760:
1755:
1753:
1748:
1746:
1741:
1740:
1737:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1689:
1685:
1679:
1663:
1659:
1653:
1651:
1634:
1630:
1624:
1608:
1604:
1598:
1589:
1580:
1564:
1560:
1554:
1546:
1542:
1536:
1520:
1516:
1510:
1502:
1500:9782811105952
1496:
1492:
1491:
1483:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1454:
1446:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1407:
1399:
1393:
1389:
1388:
1380:
1373:
1369:
1367:0-8028-2860-4
1363:
1359:
1354:
1353:
1344:
1336:
1330:
1326:
1325:
1317:
1302:
1298:
1292:
1284:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1261:
1246:
1240:
1236:
1235:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1203:
1199:
1193:
1191:
1182:
1178:
1172:
1170:
1153:
1149:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1122:
1118:
1110:
1106:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1065:Personal life
1062:
1060:
1055:
1053:
1052:Rashid Karami
1049:
1045:
1041:
1040:Amine Gemayel
1037:
1033:
1025:
1020:
1011:
1009:
1008:Amine Gemayel
1004:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
981:Charles Malik
978:
974:
970:
965:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
931:
927:
923:
919:
914:
910:
908:
904:
900:
899:Rashid Karami
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
861:
859:
858:Charles Helou
854:
850:
845:
842:
838:
833:
823:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
798:to officiate
797:
793:
789:
780:
771:
769:
765:
761:
756:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
724:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
701:
699:
698:non-sectarian
695:
694:National Pact
691:
687:
683:
678:
675:
670:
668:
664:
663:Amine Gemayel
660:
656:
652:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
617:
612:
610:
605:
603:
598:
597:
595:
594:
591:
587:
583:
582:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
551:
545:
544:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
511:National Bloc
509:
507:
504:
503:
497:
496:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
465:
459:
458:
451:
450:Gebran Bassil
448:
446:
443:
441:
440:Amine Gemayel
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
397:
391:
390:
380:
373:
366:
355:
348:
341:
330:
323:
316:
306:
305:
302:
297:
296:
292:
291:
283:
279:
275:
272:
269:
267:
263:
260:
259:Amine Gemayel
256:
251:
247:
244:
243:Nadim Gemayel
240:
236:
231:
227:
224:
221:
217:
214:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
193:Resting place
191:
181:
177:
174:
170:
166:
154:
150:
145:
141:
135:
130:
127:
122:
119:
116:
110:
107:
104:
98:
92:
87:
84:
79:
75:
71:
66:
59:
52:
47:
43:
40: and the
39:
35:
34:father's name
31:
30:Lebanese name
26:
22:
1901:Elie Bakhaze
1881:Hamid Khoury
1878:Albert Kheir
1852:Jamil Sawaya
1849:Farid Ammoun
1844:
1692:. Retrieved
1687:
1678:
1666:. Retrieved
1661:
1637:. Retrieved
1632:
1623:
1611:. Retrieved
1609:. 1 May 1984
1606:
1597:
1588:
1579:
1567:. Retrieved
1562:
1553:
1545:the original
1535:
1523:. Retrieved
1518:
1509:
1489:
1482:
1457:
1451:
1445:
1420:
1416:
1406:
1386:
1379:
1371:
1351:
1343:
1323:
1316:
1304:. Retrieved
1300:
1291:
1272:
1260:
1248:. Retrieved
1233:
1205:. Retrieved
1201:
1180:
1177:Fisk, Robert
1156:. Retrieved
1151:
1125:. Retrieved
1121:the original
1109:
1087:
1078:William Hawi
1056:
1029:
1005:
989:Étienne Saqr
966:
958:William Hawi
935:
925:
922:William Hawi
917:
867:
853:Antun Saadeh
846:
829:
818:, alongside
785:
757:
743:after being
730:
702:
671:
655:Kataeb Party
647:بيار الجميّل
638:
634:
630:
626:
625:
429:
400:Samir Geagea
239:Samy Gemayel
213:Kataeb Party
184:(1984-08-29)
133:
118:Farid Ammoun
113:Succeeded by
90:
62:بيار الجميّل
45:
37:
25:
1946:1984 deaths
1941:1905 births
1872:Pierre Edde
1858:Bahij Salem
1460:: 150–165.
1334:1-860647154
995:joined the
950:Palestinian
869:fringes of
753:World War I
700:democracy.
686:Palestinian
639:al-Jumayyil
445:Michel Aoun
201:Nationality
101:Preceded by
42:family name
1935:Categories
1835:Presidents
1306:22 October
1282:0000281247
1250:22 October
1127:22 October
1101:References
983:, and the
903:presidency
667:presidency
405:Émile Eddé
280:Pharmacist
277:Occupation
266:Alma mater
232:Grandsons:
158:1905-11-06
1474:145269097
1207:23 August
1026:, Lebanon
879:Nasserist
569:Al-Tanzim
229:Relations
138:1960–1984
134:In office
95:1935–1939
91:In office
1817:Homenmen
1806:Antranik
1716:Archived
1694:23 March
1668:23 March
1639:23 March
1613:23 March
1569:23 March
1525:23 March
1179:(2002).
1158:23 March
1048:Lausanne
788:football
737:Maronite
705:football
635:Jemayyel
548:Militias
473:Frangieh
462:Families
249:Children
204:Lebanese
28:In this
1437:4282574
1152:The Day
1059:Bikfaya
1024:Bikfaya
987:leader
920:) with
806:of the
804:captain
796:referee
749:Ottoman
733:Bikfaya
677:Mandate
631:Jmayyel
500:Parties
478:Gemayel
468:Chamoun
196:Bikfaya
165:Bikfaya
46:Gemayel
1824:Ohaken
1791:Riyadi
1497:
1472:
1435:
1394:
1364:
1331:
1279:
1241:
1082:Kataeb
1044:Geneva
962:Bachir
954:Israel
930:Kataeb
864:Career
816:Berlin
764:Beirut
760:Jesuit
674:French
643:Arabic
564:Tigers
521:Kataeb
488:Moawad
483:Khazen
394:People
219:Spouse
126:Beirut
32:, the
1827:Adana
1813:Hayat
1796:Salam
1780:Nahda
1470:S2CID
1433:JSTOR
1271:[
918:right
802:. As
768:Haifa
741:Egypt
38:Amine
1810:Aras
1801:DPHB
1696:2013
1670:2013
1641:2013
1615:2013
1571:2013
1527:2013
1495:ISBN
1392:ISBN
1362:ISBN
1329:ISBN
1308:2012
1277:ISBN
1252:2012
1239:ISBN
1209:2020
1160:2013
1129:2012
1046:and
926:left
881:and
661:and
179:Died
152:Born
1462:doi
1458:636
1425:doi
851:by
839:of
814:in
637:or
44:is
36:is
1937::
1686:.
1660:.
1649:^
1631:.
1605:.
1561:.
1517:.
1468:.
1456:.
1431:.
1421:11
1419:.
1415:.
1370:.
1360:.
1299:.
1217:^
1200:.
1189:^
1168:^
1150:.
1137:^
1097:.
755:.
645::
633:,
171:,
167:,
1758:e
1751:t
1744:v
1698:.
1672:.
1643:.
1617:.
1573:.
1529:.
1503:.
1476:.
1464::
1439:.
1427::
1400:.
1358:3
1337:.
1310:.
1285:.
1254:.
1211:.
1162:.
1131:.
924:(
641:(
615:e
608:t
601:v
160:)
156:(
48:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
_2.jpg)
