393:
381:
441:
405:
429:
417:
1318:
1378:
4960:
1483:
1363:
1438:
1408:
1468:
1303:
1035:
1393:
1121:
1333:
1423:
1453:
3210:
1495:
1348:
457:
1510:
1288:
146:
197:, many unique to Pictish art, which are known as the Pictish symbols. The exact number of distinct Pictish symbols is uncertain, as there is some debate as to what constitutes a Pictish symbol, and whether some varied forms should be counted together or separately. The more inclusive estimates are in excess of sixty different symbols, but a more typical estimate is "around thirty", or "around forty" according to
183:
465:
83:
270:, which could have been used by high-status Picts. The symbols are almost always arranged in pairs or sets of pairs, often with the object type, such as the mirror and comb, below the others, and the animals are generally found only in combination with the abstract types. Hence some think they could represent names, lineage, or kinships, such as the clans of two parents, analogous to the
22:
933:
there is a Class II 'Pictish' cross-slab which had been used as the base of the pulpit of the church of 1788. The face bears a Latin cross, part of a 'sea monster', a double-disc and Z-rod, a hunting scene with three horsemen and dogs, and two inscriptions, one in
Hiberno-Saxon minuscules (on the
101:
and Joseph
Anderson first classified Pictish stones into three groups. Critics have noted weaknesses in this system but it is widely known and still used in the field. In particular, the classification may be misleading for the many incomplete stones. Allen and Anderson regarded their classes as
480:
or other protected sites. Some of the more notable individual examples and collections are listed below (Note that listing is no guarantee of unrestricted access, since some lie on private land). Pictish Symbol stones have been found throughout
Scotland, although their original locations are
364:
To date, even those who propose that the symbols should be considered "writing" from this mathematical approach do not have a suggested decipherment. Although earlier studies based on a contextual approach, postulating the identification of the pagan "pre-Christian Celtic Cult of the Archer
360:
on the grounds that the non-uniform distribution of symbols – taken to be evidence of writing – is little different from non-linguistic non-uniform distributions (such as die rolls), and that the Exeter team are using a definition of writing broader than that used by linguists.
294:, was later used as a door lintel in a barn. This was discovered when the building was dismantled in 1870. The stone was re-erected in the field. Recently it fell, after being photographed in 2007, but was re-erected again a few years later by the owner of Dunachton Lodge.
282:
A small number of
Pictish stones have been found associated with burials, but most are not in their original locations. Some later stones may also have marked tribal or lineage territories. Some were re-used for other purposes, such as the two Congash Stones near
165:
The purpose and meaning of the stones are only slightly understood, and the various theories proposed for the early Class I symbol stones, those that are considered to mostly pre-date the spread of
Christianity to the Picts, are essentially speculative.
169:
Many later
Christian stones from Class II and Class III fall more easily into recognisable categories such as gravestones. The earlier symbol stones may have served as personal memorials or territorial markers, with symbols for individual names,
481:
concentrated largely in the North East of the country in lowland areas, the
Pictish heartland. During the period when the stones were being created, Christianity was spreading through Scotland from the west and the south, through the kingdoms of
1978:
Once thought to be rock art, carved depictions of soldiers, horses and other figures are in fact part of a written language dating back to the Iron Age. A new written language, belonging to the early Pict society of
Scotland, has just been
348:
A team from Exeter
University, using mathematical analysis, have concluded that the symbols in the Pictish image stones "exhibit the characteristics of written languages" (as opposed to "random or sematographic (heraldic) characters").
373:
A selection of the
Pictish symbols, showing the variation between individual examples. Each group is classified as a single type by most researchers. Only the geometric and object types are represented here, not the animal group.
65:
and are thought to date from the 6th to 9th century, a period during which the Picts became Christianized. The earlier stones have no parallels from the rest of the British Isles, but the later forms are variations within a wider
74:. About 350 objects classified as Pictish stones have survived, the earlier examples of which holding by far the greatest number of surviving examples of the mysterious symbols, which have long intrigued scholars.
129:— these stones feature no idiomatic Pictish symbols. The stones can be cross-slabs, recumbent gravemarkers, free-standing crosses, and composite stone shrines. They originate in the 8th or 9th century.
133:
describes this class as "too simplistic" and says "Nowadays this is not considered a useful category. A surviving fragment may belong to a monument that did include Christian imagery".
1625:
4411:
332:. It is therefore thought likely that they were represented in other more perishable forms that have not survived in the archaeological record, perhaps including clothing and
2217:
1580:
392:
1780:"Notes on a Gold Lunette found at Auchentaggart, Dumfriesshire, and a Massive Silver Chain found at Whitecleugh, Lanarkshire, exhibited by His Grace the Duke of Buccleuch"
380:
3170:
440:
404:
923:– collection of fragments of Pictish stones and a Class II cross-slab. The museum also has a collection of photographs of Pictish stones in Scotland.
428:
2182:. Another take on the symbols and images as "part of a written language dating back to the Iron Age".(J. Viegas, News in Discovery.com, Wed Mar 31, 2010).
102:
coming from distinct periods in sequence, but it is now clear that there was a considerable period when both Class I and II stones were being produced.
416:
5001:
2161:
336:. Some symbols appear across the whole geographical range of the stones while, for example, six stones with the single symbol of a bull found at
2170:— RCAHMS is the principal source of collections for Scotland's archaeology, buildings and maritime heritage, including Pictish Stones.
123:
motifs, are carved in relief and the cross with its surroundings is filled with designs. Class II stones date from the 8th and 9th century.
1842:
2173:
1622:
4896:
2868:
2839:
1900:
325:
1577:
2224:
509:
4916:
4906:
742:(two of the finest surviving animal symbols, probably originally parts of the same slab), and a fragment that matches a piece in
297:
The symbols are found on some of the extremely rare survivals of Pictish jewellery, such as the pair of silver plaques from the
119:— stones of more or less rectangular shape with a large cross and symbol(s) on one or both sides. The symbols, as well as
4996:
4936:
4921:
4911:
1739:
1779:
4926:
3315:
2140:
1656:
174:, lineages or kindreds, although there are several other theories, and proposed explanations of the meanings of the symbols.
1302:
1955:
1942:
1857:
4931:
2668:
1362:
1467:
472:, 790–799 AD, Class II, shows a Pictish harp, beasts and warriors in a 19th-century illustration, minus the top section.
2100:
1437:
4394:
4207:
2060:
1443:
1428:
1293:
857:
841:
616:
186:
1317:
2326:
267:
223:
158:
1482:
2801:
1377:
2706:
2336:
2179:
1969:
1186:
312:
The symbols are also sometimes found on other movable objects like small stone discs and bones mostly from the
4377:
763:
4650:
2653:
1936:
1070:
946:
340:
suggest that this represented the place itself, or its owners, despite other examples appearing elsewhere.
228:
218:
154:
1422:
4986:
3850:
3115:
2658:
2613:
1901:"Ancient symbols, computational linguistics, and the reviewing practices of the general science journals"
1500:
1458:
61:
line and on the Eastern side of the country, these stones are the most visible remaining evidence of the
1407:
4421:
4296:
3901:
3870:
3255:
2673:
1368:
1074:
4382:
4217:
3845:
2535:
942:, now in the National Museum, with a replica at the original site. One of the finest pictorial stones
287:, now placed as portal stones for an old graveyard. The shaft of an old cross is lying in the field.
209:
4182:
1688:
204:
These include geometric symbols, which have been assigned descriptive names by researchers such as:
4722:
4156:
4132:
3458:
2164:— This webpage offers a leaflet in PDF-format about a Pictish Trail from Inverness to Golspie
1392:
1332:
963:
770:— Class I stone to be seen through a large window. Found at Knocknagael on the outskirts of
521:
4981:
4433:
4081:
3627:
3346:
3165:
3055:
2525:
2361:
2311:
2210:
1532:
1494:
1473:
1347:
1125:
938:
1452:
806:— Class I stone in the yard and fragments from Edderton churchyard and Nigg in the museum.
4901:
4820:
4783:
3855:
3145:
3140:
2648:
978:
inside the former parish church – Class II cross-slab. A fragment of it can be found in
498:
2090:
1643:
4667:
4482:
4227:
4127:
3498:
3341:
3320:
2426:
2341:
1509:
665:
568:
555:
Three stones with Pictish symbols are known outside areas normally recognised as Pictish: in
460:
Distribution of Class I and Class II stones, as well as caves holding Pictish symbol graffiti
4810:
4682:
4416:
4066:
3463:
3386:
3195:
3120:
2663:
2346:
1287:
998:
650:
533:
1911:
796:— Class I stone in a field (probable original position), viewable from the roadside.
274:. According to Anthony Jackson the symbol pairs represent matrilineal marriage alliances.
8:
4959:
4697:
4566:
4496:
4477:
4456:
4389:
4212:
4086:
3906:
3891:
3886:
3840:
3815:
3488:
3381:
3366:
3180:
2999:
2794:
2408:
2296:
1145:
4096:
4863:
4594:
4487:
4451:
4372:
4327:
4222:
4048:
3939:
3896:
3825:
3632:
3407:
3175:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3060:
2917:
2873:
2643:
2447:
1943:"Pictish symbols revealed as a written language through application of Shannon entropy"
1858:"Pictish symbols revealed as a written language through application of Shannon entropy"
1802:
1676:
1537:
1201:
1129:
1088:
1019:
98:
4727:
4702:
4692:
4428:
4401:
4282:
4137:
4122:
4117:
4076:
4071:
3976:
3865:
3820:
3810:
3802:
3473:
3427:
3417:
3263:
3090:
3070:
3029:
2688:
2442:
2351:
2156:
2136:
2096:
2056:
1806:
1652:
1607:
1603:
1323:
1269:
1162:
1108:
898:
713:
306:
198:
130:
46:
582:
Two Pictish Class I stones are known to have been removed from Scotland. These are
316:. Simple or early forms of the symbols are carved on the walls of coastal caves at
4756:
4717:
4672:
4659:
4579:
4558:
4461:
4406:
4091:
3911:
3830:
3642:
3422:
3361:
3251:
3130:
3125:
3095:
3065:
3019:
2981:
2847:
2618:
2530:
2453:
2421:
2331:
2192:
1950:
Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences
1794:
1754:
1308:
1175:
1095:
726:
628:
564:
284:
4991:
4799:
4737:
4677:
4640:
4612:
4574:
4539:
4519:
4302:
4292:
4277:
4164:
3971:
3835:
3598:
3453:
3412:
3402:
3246:
3185:
3105:
3100:
3085:
3080:
2993:
2633:
2605:
2463:
2286:
1709:. Edinburgh: Royal Commission on the Ancienct and Historic Monuments of Scotland.
1629:
1584:
1222:
1212:
1007:
986:
880:
866:
850:
743:
697:
688:
603:
513:
298:
150:
137:
Later Scottish stones merge into wider medieval British and European traditions.
816:— large collection of excavated fragments and information about the Picts.
4838:
4828:
4804:
4751:
4707:
4622:
4602:
4584:
4529:
4524:
4492:
4337:
4317:
4142:
4043:
4022:
4017:
3654:
3588:
3583:
3572:
3553:
3547:
3543:
3356:
3351:
3310:
3237:
3223:
3135:
3110:
3075:
3034:
3024:
2960:
2947:
2887:
2831:
2823:
2814:
2787:
2678:
2540:
2486:
2413:
2306:
2291:
2278:
2233:
1879:
1413:
1383:
1353:
1265:
1014:
979:
975:
803:
781:
676:
595:
583:
476:
Only a few stones still stand at their original sites; most have been moved to
357:
313:
193:
Class I and II stones contain symbols from a recognisable set of standard
1260:, a class II cross-slab, one of only two Pictish symbol-stones to carry a non-
4975:
4635:
4607:
4514:
4506:
4248:
4200:
3934:
3663:
3603:
3593:
3493:
3468:
3259:
2701:
2696:
2628:
2555:
2520:
2512:
2321:
2301:
2196:
1798:
1758:
1257:
1144:— collection of over 20 Class I and II Pictish stones collected by the
1062:
872:
788:
669:
587:
456:
353:
337:
255:
2202:
4953:
4746:
4534:
4058:
4012:
3951:
3860:
3637:
3615:
3608:
3050:
2975:
2965:
2897:
2638:
2571:
2434:
1552:
1398:
1155:
958:
905:
827:
813:
719:
643:
490:
271:
238:
120:
87:
21:
3242:
482:
4868:
4853:
4254:
4173:
3981:
3966:
3956:
3929:
3755:
3708:
3620:
3371:
2988:
2892:
2779:
2724:
2623:
2550:
2176:— Pictish Stones Search Facility, a useful catalogue of the stones.
1515:
1045:
1034:
541:
317:
259:
113:
on either side. Class I stones date back to the 6th, 7th and 8th century.
67:
58:
54:
3523:
3294:
2168:
The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland
2133:
The Art of the Picts: Sculpture and Metalwork in Early Medieval Scotland
1120:
875:– Rare example of a Pictish stone with an inscription in Latin text. At
4791:
4779:
4232:
4196:
3996:
3961:
3921:
3513:
3280:
3271:
2316:
1547:
1542:
1066:
1054:
1050:
1003:
970:
930:
920:
876:
823:
469:
71:
365:
Guardian", have suggested possible clausal meanings for symbol pairs.
4191:
3303:
2545:
2378:
2241:
1338:
1205:
1023:
991:
894:
862:
846:
771:
767:
731:
705:
693:
633:
621:
599:
572:
537:
505:
30:
3503:
3209:
4848:
4312:
3765:
3720:
3684:
3672:
3518:
3478:
3298:
3290:
3285:
3267:
3190:
2927:
2922:
2907:
2759:
2508:
2152:
2022:
1992:
1940:
1253:
1104:
1084:
793:
681:
655:
549:
494:
291:
194:
50:
3533:
1740:"Norrie's Law, Fife: on the nature and dating of the silver hoard"
145:
82:
45:, generally carved or incised with symbols or designs. A few have
4858:
4833:
4712:
4687:
4322:
4287:
4260:
4187:
4169:
3760:
3696:
3325:
2955:
2932:
2032:. St Louis, Missouri: Celtic Studies Association of North America
2002:. St Louis, Missouri: Celtic Studies Association of North America
1256:— collection of Pictish and medieval stones. Includes the
1244:
1141:
576:
525:
486:
182:
109:— unworked stones with symbols only incised. There is no
4843:
4630:
4412:
Constitutional status of Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles
4332:
4307:
4271:
4265:
4178:
4101:
4027:
3946:
3448:
2937:
2882:
2737:
1195:
1191:
1180:
1167:
1100:
951:
910:
753:
701:
560:
556:
545:
477:
333:
734:— collection of 8 Class I stones, including the Ardross
606:
in the 19th century, but whose location is currently unknown.
464:
3732:
3538:
3483:
3376:
2970:
2912:
2902:
2860:
2810:
2560:
2400:
1261:
1087:— this Class III stone was found in the foundations of
591:
529:
329:
110:
62:
42:
2167:
1856:
Lee, Rob; Jonathan, Philip; Ziman, Pauline (31 March 2010),
1158:— large collection, largely from Kinneddar churchyard.
352:
The Exeter analysts' claim has been criticized by linguists
3991:
3528:
3508:
3443:
3276:
2716:
1645:
Some thoughts on Pictish Symbols as a formal writing system
517:
321:
302:
171:
2185:
1091:
during restoration. It can be found inside the cathedral.
266:
Some are representations of everyday objects, such as the
1670:
Pictish and related studies presented to Isabel Henderson
1843:"Mathematics of ancient carvings reveals lost language"
994:– Class II cross-slab protected by glass shelter.
664:, a six-foot-high Class I stone on top of a hill near
1618:
1616:
1107:) dating from 9th or 10th century protected by glass (
704:. A replica stands at its former position in front of
579:. All three are located at major royal power centres.
3724:
2055:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. p. 82.
1970:"New Written Language of Ancient Scotland Discovered"
1787:
Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland
1747:
Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland
1651:. Balgavies, Forfar: Pinkfoot Press. pp. 85–98.
4110:
398:
Pictish Symbol Stones, Z-Rod with Double Disc design
2180:
New Written Language of Ancient Scotland Discovered
1613:
1601:, Edinburgh: The Society of Antiquaries of Scotland
1935:See now the recent hypothesis about, based on the
784:, Westburn Road in Aberdeen — Class I stone.
504:Areas that show particular concentrations include
1941:Rob Lee; Philip Jonathan; Pauline Ziman (2010) .
1826:Wainwright, F.T. (1955), Wainwright, F.T. (ed.),
386:Pictish Symbol Stones, V-Rod with Crescent design
4973:
1855:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1567:
830:— Class I stone in small fenced enclosure.
489:, and the extension into modern Scotland of the
290:Another Pictish stone, the Dunachton Stone near
234:and outline representations of animals such as:
1737:
1642:Forsyth, Katherine (1997). Henry, David (ed.).
446:Pictish Symbol Stones, Notched Rectangle design
3688:
2795:
2232:
2218:
1596:
1564:
1038:Class III Pictish stone in Dunblane Cathedral
929:, in the vestibule of Fordoun parish church,
258:(apparently mythical – perhaps intended as a
3676:
950:, now on display at the Meffan Institute in
700:, now on display at the Meffan Institute in
434:Pictish Symbol Stones, Horseshoe/Arch design
3736:
3700:
594:, showing the figure of a bull, now in the
410:Pictish Symbol Stones, 'Mirror Case' design
3712:
2809:
2802:
2788:
2225:
2211:
2023:"The Grammar of the Pictish Symbol Stones"
1967:
1825:
934:face) and the other in Ogam (on the edge).
16:Monuments erected by early Scottish tribes
2188:runs informative tours via their website.
1834:
1718:
1716:
1103:— 6.5m-high cross-slab (tallest in
451:
305:in the early 19th century, and the
277:
95:The Early Christian Monuments of Scotland
1993:"The Pictish Art of the Archer Guardian"
1877:
1700:
1698:
1225:— collection of 3 Pictish stones,
1119:
1033:
463:
455:
181:
144:
81:
20:
5002:Visual and material culture of Scotland
2053:Conceiving a Nation: Scotland to AD 900
1990:
1722:
1641:
1170:. Collection of class I and III stones.
70:tradition of monumental stones such as
4974:
3653:
2131:Henderson, George; Henderson, Isabel.
2088:
2050:
1713:
1704:
1635:
140:
4885:
4777:
4556:
4358:
3790:
3570:
3221:
2858:
2783:
2206:
2162:The Highland Council Archaeology Unit
1840:
1777:
1727:, Stromness, Orkney: The Orkney Press
1707:The Pictish Symbol Stones of Scotland
1695:
1599:Early Christian Monuments of Scotland
368:
177:
153:, with Pictish symbols including the
2117:The Stones of the Pictish Peninsulas
1929:
1771:
1276:
672:are carved on the south-facing side.
624:, Angus. Boxed during winter months.
422:Pictish Symbol Stones, 'Comb' design
4778:
2020:
1849:
13:
1597:Allen, J.R.; Anderson, J. (1903),
343:
14:
5013:
4208:Festival Interceltique de Lorient
2186:Save Wemyss Ancient Caves Society
2146:
2077:The Pictish Stones of Easter Ross
909:, stands in the ruined church at
658:— Class I stone in a field.
77:
4958:
3571:
3208:
2327:Portmahomack sculpture fragments
2092:The Guide to Mysterious Aberdeen
1865:Proceedings of the Royal Society
1508:
1493:
1481:
1466:
1451:
1436:
1421:
1406:
1391:
1376:
1361:
1346:
1331:
1316:
1311:; Class I with ogham inscription
1301:
1286:
842:Aberlemno 2 (The kirkyard stone)
439:
427:
415:
403:
391:
379:
2109:
2082:
2069:
2044:
2014:
1991:Griffen, Toby D. (March 2000).
1984:
1961:
1893:
1878:Liberman, Mark (2 April 2010).
1871:
1738:Graham-Campbell, James (1991),
1018:, from Woodwrae, Angus, now at
756:— coffin-shaped monument.
617:Aberlemno 1 (The serpent stone)
2337:Rosemarkie sculpture fragments
1830:, Edinburgh and London: Nelson
1819:
1731:
1590:
1187:Meigle Sculptured Stone Museum
1115:
1:
4997:Stone monuments and memorials
4927:Celtic place names in Galicia
4557:
1725:The Symbol Stones of Scotland
1558:
966:. Boxed during winter months.
897:– fine Class II stone (
869:. Boxed during winter months.
858:Aberlemno 3 (The great stone)
853:. Boxed during winter months.
845:– in the churchyard at
764:Highland Council Headquarters
4359:
2869:Ancient Celtic ethnic groups
2669:St Vigeans Sculptured Stones
2654:Kirriemuir Sculptured Stones
1968:Viegas, J. (31 March 2010).
1029:
947:Kirriemuir Sculptured Stones
7:
3851:Welsh literature in English
3791:
3222:
2948:Modern Celtic ethnic groups
2859:
2659:Monifieth Sculptured Stones
2614:Aberlemno Sculptured Stones
2439:Inveravon Church stones (4)
2431:Easterton of Roseisle stone
2135:. Thames and Hudson, 2004.
1778:Clark, J Gilchrist (1880),
1526:
834:
789:Sharp Stone (Clach Biorach)
692:, a class I stone found at
598:, and the Crosskirk stone (
10:
5018:
3871:Scottish Gaelic literature
3256:Brigantia (ancient region)
2674:Strathmartine Castle Stone
2193:photostory on Wemyss Caves
2125:
1446:rear face detail; Class II
1369:Strathmartine Castle Stone
609:
485:, which included parts of
4949:
4892:
4886:
4881:
4819:
4790:
4773:
4736:
4658:
4649:
4621:
4593:
4565:
4552:
4505:
4470:
4444:
4365:
4354:
4241:
4218:Hebridean Celtic Festival
4155:
4057:
4036:
4005:
3920:
3879:
3846:Welsh-language literature
3801:
3797:
3786:
3748:
3662:
3579:
3566:
3436:
3395:
3334:
3230:
3217:
3206:
3043:
3012:
2946:
2867:
2854:
2821:
2758:
2736:
2715:
2687:
2604:
2536:Broomend of Crichie stone
2507:
2462:
2418:Burghead (fragment) stone
2399:
2360:
2277:
2240:
2234:Pictish sculptured stones
2174:University of Strathclyde
1908:Computational Linguistics
1723:Jackson, Anthony (1984),
1268:or keyholder in village (
861:– at the roadside,
4651:Ancient Celtic languages
2585:Newbigging, Leslie Stone
2568:Logie Elphinstone Stones
2051:Márkus, Gilbert (2017).
1828:The Problem of the Picts
1799:10.9750/PSAS.014.222.224
1759:10.9750/PSAS.121.241.260
1488:Dupplin Cross, Class III
800:Tain and District Museum
41:is a type of monumental
4922:Gaulish words in French
4907:Celtic words in English
3166:Scottish New Zealanders
3056:Anglo-Celtic Australian
2362:Badenoch and Strathspey
2312:Hilton of Cadboll Stone
1474:Hilton of Cadboll Stone
1264:inscription. Key from
1126:Hilton of Cadboll Stone
939:Hilton of Cadboll Stone
891:, 'The Priest's Stone')
810:Tarbat Discovery Centre
766:, Glenurquhart Street,
219:"double disc and Z-rod"
155:"double disc and Z-rod"
3856:Early Irish literature
3737:
3725:
3713:
3701:
3689:
3677:
3146:Scotch-Irish Canadians
3141:Scotch-Irish Americans
2707:Meigle standing stones
2195:from November 2018 at
2153:Pictish Stones website
2089:Holder, Geoff (2010).
2030:fanad.net/grifpub.html
2000:fanad.net/grifpub.html
1431:, front face; Class II
1138:Dunrobin Castle Museum
1133:
1039:
820:Tote Stone (Clach Ard)
760:Knocknagael Boar Stone
473:
461:
452:Distribution and sites
278:Finds and associations
190:
162:
90:
86:East face of Class II
53:, mostly north of the
34:
4483:Scottish independence
4228:Celtic Media Festival
4111:National music scenes
3342:Proto-Celtic religion
3044:Related ethnic groups
2427:Drainie Carved Stones
1705:Fraser, Iain (2008).
1123:
1037:
962:, at the roadside in
750:Kincardine Old Church
684:— Class I stone
646:— Class I stone
636:— Class I stone
569:Dumfries and Galloway
467:
459:
185:
148:
85:
24:
4807:(Medieval Welsh law)
4417:Scottish nationalism
4067:Ancient Celtic music
3387:Romano-Celtic temple
3196:Welsh New Zealanders
3121:Irish New Zealanders
2582:Nether Corskie Stone
2450:symbol wall carvings
2119:, Hilton Trust, 2004
602:), presented to the
4497:Irish republicanism
4478:Breton independence
4457:Scottish devolution
4390:Cornish nationalism
4213:Pan Celtic Festival
4087:Scottish folk music
3841:Scottish literature
3367:Celtic Christianity
3171:Scottish Travellers
3156:Scottish Argentines
3000:Scottish Travellers
2649:Hunter's Hill Stone
2597:Tillytarmont Stones
2409:Birnie Symbol Stone
2297:Edderton Cross Slab
1917:on 31 December 2010
1632:, "Types of Stone".
1476:(replica); Class II
1146:Dukes of Sutherland
887:Dunfallandy Stone (
141:Purpose and meaning
4987:Rock art in Europe
4488:Welsh independence
4452:Cornish devolution
4373:Breton nationalism
4223:Celtic Connections
3826:Cornish literature
3176:Ulster Protestants
3161:Scottish Canadians
3151:Scottish Americans
3061:Anglo-Irish people
2644:Glamis Manse Stone
2352:Strathpeffer Stone
1880:"Pictish Writing?"
1628:2012-02-13 at the
1583:2012-02-13 at the
1538:Carved stone balls
1202:Museum of Scotland
1134:
1130:Museum of Scotland
1089:Dunblane Cathedral
1081:Dunblane Cathedral
1040:
1020:Museum of Scotland
917:Groam House Museum
889:Clach an t-Sagairt
474:
462:
369:Gallery of symbols
191:
178:Standard ideograms
163:
91:
47:ogham inscriptions
35:
4969:
4968:
4945:
4944:
4877:
4876:
4769:
4768:
4765:
4764:
4728:Cisalpine Gaulish
4548:
4547:
4434:national identity
4429:Welsh nationalism
4422:national identity
4402:Irish nationalism
4350:
4349:
4346:
4345:
4283:Cornish wrestling
4151:
4150:
4072:Breton Folk music
4037:Regional cultures
3880:National cultures
3866:Gaelic literature
3821:Breton literature
3782:
3781:
3778:
3777:
3774:
3773:
3562:
3561:
3474:Chief of the Name
3347:Celtic polytheism
3264:Sub-Roman Britain
3204:
3203:
3091:Irish Australians
3071:Cornish Americans
3030:Scottish diaspora
2777:
2776:
2767:Breck of Hillwell
2689:Perth and Kinross
2664:St Orland's Stone
2494:Knocknagael Stone
2157:Historic Scotland
2141:978-0-5002-8963-1
2095:. History Press.
2075:Ellen MacNamara,
2021:Griffen, Toby D.
1841:Ravilious, Kate.
1658:978-1-874012-16-0
1277:Gallery of stones
1270:Historic Scotland
1250:St Vigeans Museum
1163:McManus Galleries
1109:Historic Scotland
999:St Orland's Stone
899:Historic Scotland
714:Clach an Tiompain
651:Clach a'Mheirlich
307:Whitecleuch Chain
268:"mirror and comb"
224:"mirror and comb"
199:Historic Scotland
159:"mirror and comb"
149:The Class I
131:Historic Scotland
5009:
4962:
4883:
4882:
4775:
4774:
4757:Galwegian Gaelic
4656:
4655:
4554:
4553:
4462:Welsh devolution
4356:
4355:
4108:
4107:
4097:Sean-nós singing
4092:Welsh folk music
4082:Irish folk music
4049:Highland culture
3831:Irish literature
3811:Arthurian Legend
3799:
3798:
3788:
3787:
3740:
3728:
3716:
3704:
3692:
3680:
3660:
3659:
3651:
3650:
3628:Neo-Christianity
3568:
3567:
3499:Gaelic astrology
3459:Celtic festivals
3362:Celtic mythology
3335:Ancient religion
3252:Iron Age Britain
3219:
3218:
3212:
3191:Welsh Argentines
3131:Irish Uruguayans
3126:Irish Travellers
3096:Irish Brazilians
3086:Irish Argentines
3066:Breton Americans
3020:Cornish diaspora
2982:Irish Travellers
2856:
2855:
2848:Celtic languages
2804:
2797:
2790:
2781:
2780:
2751:Knowe of Burrian
2745:Brough of Birsay
2619:Balluderon Stone
2546:Dunnicaer stones
2531:Brandsbutt Stone
2497:Lochardill Stone
2491:Kingsmills Stone
2422:Dandaleith stone
2389:Inverallan Stone
2372:Ballintomb Stone
2332:Rosemarkie Stone
2227:
2220:
2213:
2204:
2203:
2120:
2113:
2107:
2106:
2086:
2080:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2027:
2018:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2007:
1997:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1965:
1959:
1956:article abstract
1954:, open access;
1953:
1947:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1916:
1910:. Archived from
1905:
1897:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1875:
1869:
1868:
1862:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1845:. New Scientist.
1838:
1832:
1831:
1823:
1817:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1784:
1775:
1769:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1744:
1735:
1729:
1728:
1720:
1711:
1710:
1702:
1693:
1692:
1686:
1682:
1680:
1672:
1667:
1665:
1650:
1639:
1633:
1620:
1611:
1602:
1594:
1588:
1575:
1512:
1497:
1485:
1470:
1455:
1440:
1425:
1410:
1395:
1380:
1365:
1350:
1335:
1320:
1309:Brandsbutt Stone
1305:
1290:
1176:Meffan Institute
1071:St Serf's Church
727:Inverness Museum
640:Churchyard Stone
629:Brandsbutt Stone
544:, the Hebrides,
443:
431:
419:
407:
395:
383:
285:Grantown-on-Spey
5017:
5016:
5012:
5011:
5010:
5008:
5007:
5006:
4972:
4971:
4970:
4965:
4941:
4888:
4873:
4815:
4811:Early Scots law
4800:Early Irish law
4786:
4761:
4738:Scottish Gaelic
4732:
4673:Proto-Brittonic
4645:
4641:Beurla Reagaird
4617:
4613:Scottish Gaelic
4589:
4561:
4544:
4540:Columba Project
4520:Celtic Congress
4501:
4466:
4440:
4361:
4342:
4303:Gaelic handball
4293:Gaelic football
4278:Cornish hurling
4237:
4147:
4106:
4053:
4032:
4018:Gaelic clothing
4001:
3916:
3875:
3836:Manx literature
3793:
3770:
3749:Other claimants
3744:
3649:
3599:Celtic Congress
3575:
3558:
3454:Celtic calendar
3432:
3391:
3330:
3226:
3213:
3200:
3186:Welsh Americans
3106:Irish Catholics
3101:Irish Canadians
3081:Irish Americans
3039:
3013:Celtic diaspora
3008:
2942:
2871:
2863:
2850:
2817:
2808:
2778:
2773:
2754:
2732:
2711:
2683:
2634:Dunnichen Stone
2600:
2526:Aquhollie Stone
2503:
2458:
2448:Sculptor's Cave
2395:
2383:Findlarig Stone
2379:Dunachton Stone
2356:
2347:Shandwick Stone
2287:Ardjachie Stone
2273:
2236:
2231:
2149:
2128:
2123:
2114:
2110:
2103:
2087:
2083:
2074:
2070:
2063:
2049:
2045:
2035:
2033:
2025:
2019:
2015:
2005:
2003:
1995:
1989:
1985:
1966:
1962:
1945:
1937:Shannon entropy
1934:
1930:
1920:
1918:
1914:
1903:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1884:
1882:
1876:
1872:
1860:
1854:
1850:
1839:
1835:
1824:
1820:
1811:
1809:
1782:
1776:
1772:
1763:
1761:
1742:
1736:
1732:
1721:
1714:
1703:
1696:
1684:
1683:
1674:
1673:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1648:
1640:
1636:
1630:Wayback Machine
1621:
1614:
1604:Volumes 1 and 2
1595:
1591:
1587:, "The Symbols"
1585:Wayback Machine
1576:
1565:
1561:
1533:Painted pebbles
1529:
1524:
1523:
1522:
1519:
1513:
1504:
1498:
1489:
1486:
1477:
1471:
1462:
1456:
1447:
1441:
1432:
1426:
1417:
1411:
1402:
1396:
1387:
1381:
1372:
1366:
1357:
1351:
1342:
1339:Fiskavaig Stone
1336:
1327:
1321:
1312:
1306:
1297:
1291:
1279:
1213:Montrose Museum
1118:
1032:
987:Shandwick Stone
837:
744:Dunrobin Castle
730:, Castle Wynd,
689:Dunnichen Stone
668:. A salmon and
612:
604:King of Denmark
454:
447:
444:
435:
432:
423:
420:
411:
408:
399:
396:
387:
384:
371:
346:
344:Exeter analysis
301:hoard found in
280:
180:
157:at centre, and
151:Dunnichen Stone
143:
99:J Romilly Allen
80:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5015:
5005:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4982:Pictish stones
4967:
4966:
4964:
4963:
4956:
4950:
4947:
4946:
4943:
4942:
4940:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4893:
4890:
4889:
4879:
4878:
4875:
4874:
4872:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4829:Gaelic warfare
4825:
4823:
4817:
4816:
4814:
4813:
4808:
4805:Cyfraith Hywel
4802:
4796:
4794:
4788:
4787:
4771:
4770:
4767:
4766:
4763:
4762:
4760:
4759:
4754:
4752:Deeside Gaelic
4749:
4743:
4741:
4734:
4733:
4731:
4730:
4725:
4723:Hispano-Celtic
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4678:Proto-Goidelic
4675:
4670:
4664:
4662:
4653:
4647:
4646:
4644:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4627:
4625:
4619:
4618:
4616:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4599:
4597:
4591:
4590:
4588:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4571:
4569:
4563:
4562:
4550:
4549:
4546:
4545:
4543:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4530:Celtic society
4527:
4525:Celtic Revival
4522:
4517:
4511:
4509:
4503:
4502:
4500:
4499:
4493:United Ireland
4490:
4485:
4480:
4474:
4472:
4468:
4467:
4465:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4448:
4446:
4442:
4441:
4439:
4438:
4437:
4436:
4426:
4425:
4424:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4398:
4397:
4387:
4386:
4385:
4380:
4369:
4367:
4363:
4362:
4352:
4351:
4348:
4347:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4340:
4338:Welsh handball
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4318:Highland games
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4251:
4245:
4243:
4239:
4238:
4236:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4204:
4203:
4194:
4185:
4176:
4161:
4159:
4153:
4152:
4149:
4148:
4146:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4114:
4112:
4105:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4063:
4061:
4055:
4054:
4052:
4051:
4046:
4044:Gaelic culture
4040:
4038:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4030:
4025:
4023:Highland dress
4020:
4015:
4009:
4007:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3987:Pictish stones
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3943:
3942:
3932:
3926:
3924:
3918:
3917:
3915:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3883:
3881:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3807:
3805:
3795:
3794:
3784:
3783:
3780:
3779:
3776:
3775:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3752:
3750:
3746:
3745:
3743:
3742:
3730:
3718:
3706:
3694:
3682:
3669:
3667:
3657:
3648:
3647:
3646:
3645:
3640:
3630:
3625:
3624:
3623:
3613:
3612:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3591:
3589:Celtic nations
3586:
3584:Celtic Revival
3580:
3577:
3576:
3564:
3563:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3556:
3551:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3440:
3438:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3399:
3397:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3357:Celtic Animism
3354:
3352:Celtic deities
3349:
3344:
3338:
3336:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3311:Cisalpine Gaul
3308:
3307:
3306:
3301:
3283:
3274:
3249:
3240:
3238:Gaelic Ireland
3234:
3232:
3228:
3227:
3215:
3214:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3201:
3199:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3136:Manx Americans
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3111:Irish Chileans
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3076:English people
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3047:
3045:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3037:
3035:Welsh diaspora
3032:
3027:
3025:Irish diaspora
3022:
3016:
3014:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3006:
3005:
3004:
3003:
3002:
2991:
2986:
2985:
2984:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2952:
2950:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2879:
2877:
2865:
2864:
2852:
2851:
2832:Celtic studies
2824:Celtic nations
2822:
2819:
2818:
2807:
2806:
2799:
2792:
2784:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2771:
2768:
2764:
2762:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2752:
2749:
2746:
2742:
2740:
2734:
2733:
2731:
2730:
2727:
2721:
2719:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2693:
2691:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2681:
2679:Woodwrae Stone
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2610:
2608:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2598:
2595:
2592:
2589:
2586:
2583:
2580:
2579:Monymusk Stone
2577:
2574:
2569:
2566:
2565:Kintore stones
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2541:Cairnton stone
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2517:
2515:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2501:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2489:
2487:Invereen Stone
2484:
2481:
2480:Drumbuie Stone
2478:
2475:
2472:
2471:Balbair Stones
2468:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2456:
2451:
2445:
2443:Rodney's Stone
2440:
2437:
2432:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2416:
2414:Burghead Bulls
2411:
2405:
2403:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2393:
2392:Lynchurn Stone
2390:
2387:
2386:Grantown Stone
2384:
2381:
2376:
2375:Congash Stones
2373:
2370:
2366:
2364:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2342:Rosskeen Stone
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2307:Gairloch Stone
2304:
2302:Clach Chairidh
2299:
2294:
2292:Dingwall Stone
2289:
2283:
2281:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2246:
2244:
2238:
2237:
2230:
2229:
2222:
2215:
2207:
2201:
2200:
2189:
2183:
2177:
2171:
2165:
2159:
2148:
2147:External links
2145:
2144:
2143:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2121:
2115:Dougla Scott,
2108:
2102:978-0750959889
2101:
2081:
2068:
2061:
2043:
2013:
1983:
1960:
1928:
1892:
1870:
1848:
1833:
1818:
1770:
1730:
1712:
1694:
1657:
1634:
1623:Pictish Stones
1612:
1589:
1578:Pictish Stones
1562:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1528:
1525:
1521:
1520:
1514:
1507:
1505:
1499:
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1490:
1487:
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1478:
1472:
1465:
1463:
1457:
1450:
1448:
1442:
1435:
1433:
1427:
1420:
1418:
1414:Woodwrae Stone
1412:
1405:
1403:
1397:
1390:
1388:
1384:Gairloch Stone
1382:
1375:
1373:
1367:
1360:
1358:
1354:Invereen Stone
1352:
1345:
1343:
1337:
1330:
1328:
1322:
1315:
1313:
1307:
1300:
1298:
1292:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1273:
1266:Arbroath Abbey
1247:
1238:
1216:
1209:
1198:
1183:
1171:
1159:
1149:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1112:
1092:
1078:
1058:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1026:
1015:Woodwrae Stone
1011:
995:
983:
967:
955:
943:
935:
924:
914:
902:
884:
870:
854:
836:
833:
832:
831:
817:
807:
797:
785:
782:Woodhill House
775:
757:
747:
723:
722:Class I stone.
709:
685:
677:Dingwall Stone
673:
659:
647:
637:
625:
611:
608:
596:British Museum
453:
450:
449:
448:
445:
438:
436:
433:
426:
424:
421:
414:
412:
409:
402:
400:
397:
390:
388:
385:
378:
370:
367:
358:Richard Sproat
345:
342:
314:Northern Isles
279:
276:
264:
263:
253:
250:
247:
244:
241:
232:
231:
226:
221:
216:
213:
179:
176:
161:at the bottom.
142:
139:
135:
134:
124:
114:
79:
78:Classification
76:
27:Kirkyard Stone
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5014:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4979:
4977:
4961:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4951:
4948:
4938:
4937:– in Portugal
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4917:– in Galician
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4894:
4891:
4884:
4880:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4826:
4824:
4822:
4818:
4812:
4809:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4797:
4795:
4793:
4789:
4785:
4781:
4776:
4772:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4735:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4665:
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4657:
4654:
4652:
4648:
4642:
4639:
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4634:
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4628:
4626:
4624:
4620:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4600:
4598:
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4592:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4572:
4570:
4568:
4564:
4560:
4555:
4551:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4515:Celtic League
4513:
4512:
4510:
4508:
4507:Pan-Celticism
4504:
4498:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4475:
4473:
4469:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4449:
4447:
4443:
4435:
4432:
4431:
4430:
4427:
4423:
4420:
4419:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4396:
4393:
4392:
4391:
4388:
4384:
4383:reunification
4381:
4379:
4376:
4375:
4374:
4371:
4370:
4368:
4364:
4357:
4353:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4298:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4273:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
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4224:
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4119:
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4098:
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4035:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4010:
4008:
4004:
3998:
3997:Triple spiral
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
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3898:
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3864:
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3859:
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3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3816:Bardic Poetry
3814:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3804:
3800:
3796:
3789:
3785:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
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3727:
3722:
3719:
3715:
3710:
3707:
3703:
3698:
3695:
3691:
3686:
3683:
3679:
3674:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3664:Celtic League
3661:
3658:
3656:
3652:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3635:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3622:
3619:
3618:
3617:
3614:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3604:Celtic League
3602:
3600:
3597:
3596:
3595:
3594:Pan-Celticism
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3581:
3578:
3574:
3569:
3565:
3555:
3552:
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3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3494:Gaelicisation
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3469:Celticisation
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3435:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3400:
3398:
3394:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3333:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3278:
3277:Iron Age Gaul
3275:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3260:Roman Britain
3257:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3220:
3216:
3211:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3116:Irish Mexican
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3042:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3017:
3015:
3011:
3001:
2997:
2996:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2978:
2977:
2974:
2973:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2949:
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2939:
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2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2840:Celtic tribes
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2805:
2800:
2798:
2793:
2791:
2786:
2785:
2782:
2770:Cunningsburgh
2769:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2757:
2750:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2735:
2729:Scoonie Stone
2728:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2718:
2714:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2702:Dupplin Cross
2700:
2698:
2697:Bullion Stone
2695:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2686:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2629:Drosten Stone
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2603:
2596:
2594:Rhynie Stones
2593:
2591:Picardy Stone
2590:
2587:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2556:Fordoun Stone
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2521:Ardlair Stone
2519:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2513:Aberdeenshire
2510:
2506:
2500:Torgorm Stone
2499:
2496:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2474:Culaird Stone
2473:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2461:
2455:
2454:Sueno's Stone
2452:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
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2404:
2402:
2398:
2391:
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2377:
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2368:
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2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2322:Poolewe Stone
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2276:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2260:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2228:
2223:
2221:
2216:
2214:
2209:
2208:
2205:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2129:
2118:
2112:
2104:
2098:
2094:
2093:
2085:
2078:
2072:
2064:
2062:9780748678983
2058:
2054:
2047:
2031:
2024:
2017:
2001:
1994:
1987:
1980:
1975:
1974:Discovery.com
1971:
1964:
1957:
1951:
1944:
1938:
1932:
1913:
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1902:
1896:
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1325:
1319:
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1310:
1304:
1299:
1295:
1289:
1284:
1283:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1258:Drosten Stone
1255:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1188:
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1177:
1172:
1169:
1165:
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1139:
1136:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1122:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1097:
1096:Sueno's Stone
1093:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1063:Dupplin Cross
1059:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1047:
1042:
1041:
1036:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1009:
1005:
1001:
1000:
996:
993:
989:
988:
984:
981:
977:
973:
972:
968:
965:
964:Aberdeenshire
961:
960:
956:
953:
949:
948:
944:
941:
940:
936:
932:
928:
927:Fordoun Stone
925:
922:
918:
915:
912:
908:
907:
903:
900:
896:
892:
890:
885:
882:
878:
874:
873:Drosten Stone
871:
868:
864:
860:
859:
855:
852:
848:
844:
843:
839:
838:
829:
825:
821:
818:
815:
811:
808:
805:
801:
798:
795:
791:
790:
786:
783:
779:
776:
773:
769:
765:
761:
758:
755:
751:
748:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
728:
724:
721:
717:
715:
712:Eagle Stone (
710:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
690:
686:
683:
679:
678:
674:
671:
670:Pictish Beast
667:
663:
660:
657:
653:
652:
648:
645:
641:
638:
635:
631:
630:
626:
623:
619:
618:
614:
613:
607:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
588:Burghead Fort
585:
580:
578:
574:
570:
566:
565:Trusty's Hill
562:
558:
553:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
502:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
479:
471:
466:
458:
442:
437:
430:
425:
418:
413:
406:
401:
394:
389:
382:
377:
376:
375:
366:
362:
359:
355:
354:Mark Liberman
350:
341:
339:
338:Burghead Fort
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
310:
308:
304:
300:
295:
293:
288:
286:
275:
273:
269:
261:
257:
256:Pictish Beast
254:
251:
248:
245:
242:
240:
237:
236:
235:
230:
229:"triple disc"
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
214:
211:
207:
206:
205:
202:
200:
196:
188:
184:
175:
173:
167:
160:
156:
152:
147:
138:
132:
128:
125:
122:
118:
115:
112:
108:
105:
104:
103:
100:
96:
89:
84:
75:
73:
69:
64:
60:
56:
52:
49:. Located in
48:
44:
40:
39:Pictish stone
32:
28:
25:The Class II
23:
19:
4954:Celts portal
4912:– in Spanish
4747:Arran Gaelic
4668:Proto-Celtic
4636:Bungi Creole
4535:Celtic unity
4471:Independence
4270:
4253:
4077:Gaelic music
4013:Celtic Dress
3986:
3962:High crosses
3952:Celtic cross
3930:Bell shrines
3861:Irish annals
3643:Neo-Druidism
3638:Celtic Wicca
3609:Celtic union
3573:Modern Celts
3464:Celtic women
3372:Celtic Rites
3321:Transylvania
3181:Ulster Scots
3051:Anglo-Celtic
2898:Celtiberians
2843:
2835:
2827:
2815:modern Celts
2639:Eassie Stone
2588:Newton Stone
2576:Migvie Stone
2572:Maiden Stone
2561:Fyvie Stones
2483:Garbeg Stone
2435:Elgin Pillar
2197:AtlasObscura
2132:
2116:
2111:
2091:
2084:
2079:, Tain, 2003
2076:
2071:
2052:
2046:
2034:. Retrieved
2029:
2016:
2004:. Retrieved
1999:
1986:
1977:
1973:
1963:
1949:
1931:
1921:17 September
1919:. Retrieved
1912:the original
1907:
1895:
1885:17 September
1883:. Retrieved
1873:
1864:
1851:
1836:
1827:
1821:
1810:, retrieved
1790:
1786:
1773:
1762:, retrieved
1750:
1746:
1733:
1724:
1706:
1669:
1662:. Retrieved
1644:
1637:
1598:
1592:
1553:Cross stones
1399:Eassie Stone
1249:
1240:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1219:Perth Museum
1218:
1211:
1200:
1185:
1173:
1161:
1152:Elgin Museum
1151:
1137:
1094:
1080:
1060:
1043:
1013:
997:
985:
969:
959:Maiden Stone
957:
945:
937:
926:
916:
906:Eassie Stone
904:
888:
886:
856:
840:
828:Isle of Skye
819:
814:Portmahomack
809:
799:
787:
777:
759:
749:
739:
735:
725:
720:Strathpeffer
711:
687:
675:
661:
649:
644:Strathpeffer
639:
627:
615:
581:
554:
503:
493:kingdoms of
475:
372:
363:
351:
347:
311:
299:Norrie's Law
296:
289:
281:
272:Japanese mon
265:
233:
203:
192:
168:
164:
136:
126:
116:
106:
94:
92:
88:Maiden Stone
72:high crosses
38:
36:
26:
18:
4869:Trimarcisia
4854:Gallóglaigh
4683:Celtiberian
4407:Isle of Man
4366:Nationalism
4255:Bataireacht
4174:Calan Gaeaf
4133:Isle of Man
3977:Leaf-crowns
3967:Insular art
3940:Dragonesque
3902:Isle of Man
3756:Nova Scotia
3709:Isle of Man
3633:Neopaganism
3382:Monasticism
2893:Caledonians
2725:Abdie stone
2624:Camus Cross
2551:Dyce stones
2477:Dores Stone
2369:Advie Stone
2252:Birkle Hill
1793:: 222–224,
1764:25 November
1753:: 241–259,
1685:|work=
1664:10 December
1543:Petrosphere
1518:; Class III
1516:Camus Cross
1503:; Class III
1501:Monifieth 4
1459:Monifieth 1
1444:Aberlemno 3
1429:Aberlemno 3
1324:Eagle Stone
1294:Aberlemno 4
1227:St Madoes 1
1154:, High St,
1116:Collections
1046:Camus Cross
740:Deer's Head
542:Easter Ross
499:Northumbria
491:Anglo-Saxon
318:East Wemyss
260:sea monster
187:Aberlemno 1
29:c800AD, in
4976:Categories
4932:– in Italy
4834:Ceathairne
4698:Gallaecian
4328:Road bowls
4233:Eisteddfod
4201:Calan Awst
4197:Lughnasadh
3803:Literature
3666:definition
3489:Clan chief
3281:Roman Gaul
3272:Hen Ogledd
2998:including
2980:including
2317:Nigg Stone
1979:identified
1559:References
1548:High cross
1461:; Class II
1416:; Class II
1401:; Class II
1067:high cross
1055:Carnoustie
1051:high cross
1004:Kirriemuir
971:Nigg Stone
931:Auchenblae
921:Rosemarkie
877:St Vigeans
778:Rhynie Man
662:Craw Stane
584:Burghead 5
534:Strathspey
512:, coastal
510:Strathmore
470:Nigg Stone
4864:Redshanks
4839:Ceithearn
4567:Brittonic
4559:Languages
4192:Calan Mai
4183:Gŵyl Fair
4157:Festivals
3972:Interlace
3396:Mythology
3304:Gallaecia
2918:Galatians
2464:Inverness
2255:Crosskirk
2249:Ackergill
2242:Caithness
1807:253274529
1687:ignored (
1677:cite book
1386:; Class I
1371:; Class I
1356:; Class I
1341:; Class I
1326:; Class I
1296:; Class I
1235:Gellyburn
1206:Edinburgh
1030:Class III
1024:Edinburgh
992:Shandwick
895:Pitlochry
863:Aberlemno
847:Aberlemno
772:Inverness
768:Inverness
732:Inverness
706:Dunnichen
694:Dunnichen
634:Inverurie
622:Aberlemno
600:Caithness
573:Edinburgh
538:Caithness
522:Strathdee
506:Strathtay
483:Dál Riata
195:ideograms
189:; Class I
127:Class III
121:Christian
31:Aberlemno
4849:Gaesatae
4740:dialects
4703:Lepontic
4693:Galatian
4595:Goidelic
4445:Autonomy
4360:Politics
4313:Rounders
4165:Calendar
4138:Scotland
4123:Cornwall
4118:Brittany
4006:Clothing
3957:Knotwork
3935:Brooches
3907:Scotland
3892:Cornwall
3887:Brittany
3766:Y Wladfa
3721:Scotland
3685:Cornwall
3673:Brittany
3524:Seanchaí
3519:Tanistry
3479:Derbfine
3408:Scottish
3299:Brittany
3295:Domnonée
3291:Armorica
3286:Britonia
3268:Dumnonia
3243:Dálriata
2928:Lepontii
2923:Helvetii
2908:Gallaeci
2760:Shetland
2509:Aberdeen
2261:Sandside
2258:Latheron
1972:. News.
1812:1 August
1626:Archived
1608:Volume 3
1581:Archived
1527:See also
1254:Arbroath
1241:Pictavia
1105:Scotland
1085:Dunblane
835:Class II
794:Edderton
682:Dingwall
656:Rosskeen
550:Shetland
495:Bernicia
292:Kincraig
210:crescent
117:Class II
51:Scotland
4902:Deities
4859:Hobelar
4821:Warfare
4784:Warfare
4718:Pictish
4713:Cumbric
4688:Gaulish
4660:Extinct
4580:Cornish
4378:history
4323:Hurling
4297:Ladies'
4288:Curling
4261:Camogie
4188:Beltane
4170:Samhain
4128:Ireland
3897:Ireland
3792:Culture
3761:England
3697:Ireland
3655:Nations
3554:Coinage
3544:Warfare
3437:Society
3428:Cornish
3418:British
3326:Galatia
3316:Balkans
3224:Studies
2961:Cornish
2956:Bretons
2933:Noricum
2888:Britons
2861:Peoples
2270:Watenan
2267:Ulbster
2264:Skinnet
2126:Sources
1245:Brechin
1243:, near
1231:Inchyra
1194:, near
1142:Golspie
1128:in the
1075:Dunning
1002:, near
826:on the
708:church.
610:Class I
577:Lothian
526:Garioch
487:Ireland
478:museums
334:tattoos
326:Covesea
215:"V-rod"
107:Class I
97:(1903)
68:Insular
33:parish.
4992:Steles
4897:Tribes
4844:Fianna
4631:Shelta
4575:Breton
4395:status
4333:Shinty
4308:Gouren
4272:Cnapan
4266:Cammag
4179:Imbolc
4102:Carnyx
4028:Tartan
3947:Carnyx
3714:Mannin
3690:Kernow
3678:Breizh
3548:Gaelic
3504:Fáinne
3449:Brehon
3423:Breton
3377:Druids
3231:Places
2938:Volcae
2883:Belgae
2844:·
2842:
2836:·
2834:
2828:·
2826:
2748:Greens
2738:Orkney
2191:Brief
2139:
2099:
2059:
2036:30 May
2006:30 May
1939:, in:
1805:
1655:
1196:Forfar
1192:Meigle
1181:Forfar
1168:Dundee
1101:Forres
982:Museum
952:Forfar
911:Eassie
754:Ardgay
702:Forfar
666:Rhynie
571:; and
561:Argyll
557:Dunadd
546:Orkney
243:salmon
4887:Lists
4708:Noric
4623:Mixed
4603:Irish
4585:Welsh
4249:Bando
4242:Sport
4143:Wales
4059:Music
3992:Torcs
3982:Mazes
3912:Wales
3738:Cymru
3733:Wales
3616:Music
3539:Vates
3534:Túath
3484:Druid
3413:Welsh
3403:Irish
2994:Scots
2976:Irish
2971:Gaels
2966:Welsh
2913:Gauls
2903:Gaels
2874:Names
2846:
2838:
2830:
2811:Celts
2606:Angus
2401:Moray
2155:from
2026:(PDF)
1996:(PDF)
1946:(PDF)
1915:(PDF)
1904:(PDF)
1861:(PDF)
1803:S2CID
1783:(PDF)
1743:(PDF)
1649:(PDF)
1262:ogham
1223:Perth
1156:Elgin
1053:near
1008:Angus
881:Angus
867:Angus
851:Angus
698:Angus
592:Moray
586:from
530:Moray
514:Angus
330:Moray
252:eagle
239:adder
172:clans
111:cross
63:Picts
59:Forth
55:Clyde
43:stele
4782:and
4608:Manx
4495:and
3726:Alba
3702:Éire
3621:Rock
3529:Sept
3509:Fili
3444:Bard
3247:Alba
2989:Manx
2813:and
2717:Fife
2511:and
2279:Ross
2137:ISBN
2097:ISBN
2057:ISBN
2038:2011
2008:2011
1923:2010
1887:2010
1814:2010
1766:2010
1689:help
1666:2010
1653:ISBN
1233:and
1174:The
1124:The
1061:The
1044:The
980:Tain
976:Nigg
824:Tote
804:Tain
738:and
736:Wolf
548:and
518:Fife
497:and
468:The
356:and
324:and
322:Fife
303:Fife
249:stag
246:wolf
4792:Law
4780:Law
3922:Art
3514:Law
1795:doi
1755:doi
1751:121
1069:at
680:in
632:in
590:in
575:in
567:in
552:.
93:In
4978::
3297:/
3293:/
3279:/
3270:/
3266:/
3262:/
3258:/
3254:/
3245:/
2028:.
1998:.
1976:.
1948:.
1906:.
1863:,
1801:,
1791:14
1789:,
1785:,
1749:,
1745:,
1715:^
1697:^
1681::
1679:}}
1675:{{
1668:.
1615:^
1606:;
1566:^
1272:).
1252:,
1229:,
1221:,
1204:,
1190:,
1179:,
1166:,
1140:,
1111:).
1099:,
1083:,
1073:,
1049:,
1022:,
1006:,
990:,
974:,
919:,
901:).
893:,
879:,
865:,
849:,
822:,
812:,
802:,
792:,
780:,
762:,
752:,
718:,
696:,
654:,
642:,
620:,
563:;
559:,
540:,
536:,
532:,
528:,
524:,
520:,
516:,
508:,
501:.
328:,
320:,
309:.
201:.
37:A
4299:)
4295:(
4199:/
4190:/
4181:/
4172:/
3741:)
3735:(
3729:)
3723:(
3717:)
3711:(
3705:)
3699:(
3693:)
3687:(
3681:)
3675:(
3550:)
3546:(
2876:)
2872:(
2803:e
2796:t
2789:v
2226:e
2219:t
2212:v
2199:.
2105:.
2065:.
2040:.
2010:.
1958:)
1952:.
1925:.
1889:.
1867:.
1797::
1757::
1691:)
1610:.
1237:.
1148:.
1132:.
1077:.
1057:.
1010:.
954:.
913:.
883:.
774:.
746:.
716:)
262:)
212:"
208:"
57:-
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
