1636:
1697:
386:
420:. Natural pollination occurs with about an equal number of male and female plants. With assistance, one male can pollinate up to 100 females. Since the males are of value only as pollinators, they are usually pruned in favor of fruit-producing female plants. Some growers do not maintain male plants, as male flowers become available at local markets at pollination time. Manual pollination is done by skilled labourers on ladders, or by use of a wind machine. In some areas such as Iraq the pollinator climbs the tree using a special climbing tool that wraps around the tree trunk and the climber's back (called
1666:
762:
1651:
62:
1115:
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781:, which successfully sprouted after accidental storage for 2,000 years. In total seven seeds about 2000 years old have sprouted and turned into trees named Methuselah, Hannah, Adam, Judith, Boaz, Jonah and Uriel. The upper survival time limit of properly stored seeds remains unknown. A genomic study from New York University Abu Dhabi Center for Genomics and Systems Biology showed that domesticated date palm varieties from North Africa, including well-known varieties such as
405:
885:
3838:
535:(Khalas variety) was published in 2011 followed by more complete genome assemblies in 2013 and 2019. The later study used long-read sequencing technology. With the release of this improved genome assembly, the researchers were able to map genes for fruit color and sugar content. The NYU Abu Dhabi researchers had also re-sequenced the genomes of several date varieties to develop the first single nucleotide polymorphism map of the date palm genome in 2015.
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So she conceived him, and she retired with him to a remote place. And the pains of childbirth drove her to the trunk of a palm tree. she cried (in her anguish): 'Ah! would that I had died before this! would that I had been a thing forgotten and out of sight!' But (a voice) cried to her from beneath
710:
Date palms can take 4 to 8 years after planting before they will bear fruit, and start producing viable yields for commercial harvest between 7 and 10 years. Mature date palms can produce 70–140 kilograms (150–300 pounds) of dates per harvest season. They do not all ripen at the same time so several
830:
and varieties emerged through history of its cultivation, but the exact number is difficult to assess. Hussain and El-Zeid (1975) have reported 400 varieties, while Nixon (1954) named around 250. Most of those are limited to a particular region, and only a few dozen have attained broader commercial
1297:
in
Scandinavia. Some designs were patented. These have generally been replaced by an inexpensive pale-colored knobbled plastic fork that resembles a date branch, which is traditionally included with numerous brands of prepackaged trays of dates, though this practice has declined in response to
1635:
1696:
1491:
and elsewhere in Italy, including a garden scene from the House of the
Wedding of Alexander. In later times, traders spread dates around southwest Asia, northern Africa, and Spain. Dates were introduced into California by the Spaniards by 1769, existing by then around
711:
harvests are required. To obtain fruit of marketable quality, the bunches of dates must be thinned and bagged or covered before ripening so that the remaining fruits grow larger and are protected from weather and animals, such as birds, that also like to eat them.
326:
years of age when maintained properly. Date fruits (dates) are oval-cylindrical, 3 to 7 centimetres (1 to 3 inches) long, and about 2.5 cm (1 in) in diameter, with colour ranging from dark brown to bright red or yellow, depending on variety. Containing
378:, having separate male and female plants. They can be easily grown from seed, but only 50% of seedlings will be female and hence fruit-bearing, and dates from seedling plants are often smaller and of poorer quality. Most commercial plantations thus use
354:
Date palms reach up to 30 metres (100 feet) in height, growing singly or forming a clump with several stems from a single root system. Slow-growing, they can reach over 100 years of age when maintained properly. The roots have
3326:
1534:, palm trees are referenced as symbols of prosperity and triumph. Psalm 92:12 states that "The righteous shall flourish like the palm tree." Palm branches occurred as iconography in sculpture ornamenting the
650:), currently poses a significant threat to date production in parts of the Middle East as well as to iconic landscape specimens throughout the Mediterranean world. Another significant insect pest is
1189:(types of Arab cookies) and other dessert items. Date nut bread, a type of cake, is very popular in the United States, especially around holidays. Dates are also processed into cubes, paste called
385:
3693:
1530:
Many Jewish scholars believe that the "honey" reference in Exodus chapter 3 to "a land flowing with milk and honey" is actually a reference to date "honey", and not honey from bees. In the
1330:
beans, or as an additive to coffee. Experimental studies have shown that feeding mice with the aqueous extract of date pits exhibit anti-genotoxic effects and reduce DNA damage induced by
3639:
the (palm-tree): 'Grieve not! for thy Lord hath provided a rivulet beneath thee; And shake towards thyself the trunk of the palm-tree; it will let fall fresh ripe dates upon thee.'
3318:
1428:
pulp, used for walking sticks, brooms, fishing floats, and fuel. Leaf sheaths are prized for their scent, and fibre from them is also used for rope, coarse cloth, and large hats.
371:, with about 150 leaflets. The leaflets are 30 centimetres (12 inches) long and 2 cm (1 in) wide. The full span of the crown ranges from 6–10 m (20–33 ft).
1894:
1435:
to make bread in times of scarcity. The flowers of the date palm are also edible. Traditionally the female flowers are the most available for sale and weigh 300–400 grams (
2816:
Hussain F, El-Zeid A (1975). Studies on physical and chemical characteristics of date varieties of Saudi Arabia (Report). Ministry of
Agriculture and Water, Saudi Arabia.
1420:
In North Africa, date palm leaves are commonly used for making huts. Mature leaves are also made into mats, screens, baskets, and fans. Processed leaves can be used for
2565:
1933:
2477:
1431:
Young date leaves are cooked and eaten as a vegetable, as is the terminal bud or heart, though its removal kills the palm. The finely ground seeds are mixed with
1283:, a Middle Eastern fruit syrup. In Pakistan, a viscous, thick syrup made from the ripe fruits is used as a coating for leather bags and pipes to prevent leaking.
3203:
1100:(GI) for different varieties of the date palm fruit is in the range of 38-71, with 53 on average, indicating dates are a relatively low GI food source. The
3629:
1104:(GL) value of date palm fruits, calculated for a serving size of three fruits (weighting 27 gramm) is 9 on average, indicating that dates have low GL.
730:
Dates have been cultivated in the Middle East and the Indus Valley for thousands of years, and there is archaeological evidence of date cultivation in
1861:
3669:
1977:
4163:
2499:
1620:). The date palm, associated with masculinity, and wellspring, associated with femininity, are often mentioned together as heavenly symbols in
4215:
4005:
2446:
2536:
1827:
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and ate dates at harvest. Evidence of cultivation is continually found throughout later civilizations in the Indus Valley, including the
604:
The place of origin of the date palm is uncertain because of long cultivation. According to some sources it probably originated from the
3144:
2692:"Origins and insights into the historic Judean date palm based on genetic analysis of germinated ancient seeds and morphometric studies"
2004:"Origins and insights into the historic Judean date palm based on genetic analysis of germinated ancient seeds and morphometric studies"
1947:
1665:
3604:
4313:
2668:
4101:
3746:
2069:
Belarbi-Halli R, Mangenot F (1 August 1986). "Bayoud disease of date palm: ultrastructure of root infection through pneumatodes".
1729:
453: in) diameter, and when ripe, range from bright red to bright yellow in colour, depending on variety. Dates contain a single
4176:
4114:
1769:
1760:
1342:
Stripped fruit clusters are used as brooms. Recently, the floral stalks have been found to be of ornamental value in households.
1277:, is used while cooking chicken and also for sweets and desserts, and as a honey substitute. Dates are one of the ingredients of
3175:
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2414:
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tribe in a remote region of Nevada. Nine of these survived and in 1935, cultivars were transferred to the U.S. Date Garden in
3679:
3547:
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2601:
1941:
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Jerusalem und die Länder : Ikonographie, Topographie, Theologie ; Festschrift für Max Küchler zum 65. Geburtstag
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17:
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4000:
1219:-covered dates and products such as sparkling date juice, used in some Islamic countries as a non-alcoholic version of
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3512:
3197:
2759:
2370:
1487:
gardens, though it would not bear fruit in the more temperate climate of Italy. It is recognizable in frescoes from
1238:, imported chopped dates are added to, or form the main basis of a variety of traditional dessert recipes including
4410:
4220:
4400:
4150:
1677:
4415:
2624:
Tengberg M (November 2012). "Beginnings and early history of date palm garden cultivation in the Middle East".
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1538:
in
Jerusalem, on Jewish coins, and in the sculpture of synagogues. They are also used as ornamentation in the
1493:
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4202:
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1765:
382:
of heavily cropping cultivars. Plants grown from cuttings will fruit 2–3 years earlier than seedling plants.
3626:
4450:
4083:
4057:
3739:
1849:
1322:(41%). Date palm seeds contain 0.56–5.4% lauric acid. They can also be processed chemically as a source of
3966:
718:
soils with a pH of 8–11 (alkaline). The soil should have the ability to hold moisture and also be free of
331:
percent sugar by mass when dried, dates are very sweet and are enjoyed as desserts on their own or within
3956:
3951:
3915:
3475:
2354:
2788:
1546:
of native
Israeli plants revered in Judaism. The date palm has historically been considered a symbol of
1171:
for use as a snack food. Dates can also be chopped and used in a range of sweet and savory dishes, from
4326:
4119:
2349:
1969:
1751:
639:
2507:
1793:
4420:
4243:
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646:
2280:"Whole genome re-sequencing of date palms yields insights into diversification of a fruit tree crop"
61:
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1539:
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In the past, sticky dates were served using specialized small forks having two metal tines, called
739:
286:
4194:
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palms were transferred from
Morocco to the United States where they were tended by members of the
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1642:
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3755:
3357:
1819:
1657:
1547:
1331:
1314:. Their oil is suitable for use in cosmetics and dermatological applications. The oil contains
821:
2843:
675:. Eventually this stock was reintroduced to Africa and led to the U.S. production of dates in
4405:
3138:
1923:
1887:
1239:
178:
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1132:
Dry or soft dates are eaten out-of-hand, or may be pitted and stuffed with fillings such as
691:
Dates are a traditional crop throughout the Middle East and North Africa. Dates (especially
4445:
4142:
4013:
2703:
2660:
2633:
2291:
2234:
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2017:
1577:(the Virgin Mary) to eat dates during labour pains when she gives birth to Isa (Jesus). In
1535:
1462:
1247:
1063:
1059:
1043:
2884:"Dates production in 2022, Crops/Regions/World list/Production Quantity/Year (pick lists)"
789:, share large parts of their genome with Middle East date palms and the Cretan wild palms,
761:
416:, but in traditional oasis horticulture and modern commercial orchards, they are entirely
8:
4354:
4277:
1888:"Date Palm Genetic Resource Conservation, Breeding, Genetics, And Genomics In California"
1508:
1393:
791:
31:
3319:"The Nipah virus has a kill rate of 70%. Bats carry it. But how does it jump to humans?"
2707:
2637:
2295:
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2021:
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area. Fossil records show that the date palm has existed for at least 50 million years.
4390:
4362:
4305:
4065:
4044:
3424:
3257:
3226:
3030:
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2312:
2279:
2255:
2222:
2195:
2154:
2106:"De novo genome sequencing and comparative genomics of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera)"
2046:
2003:
1721:
1421:
1375:
1299:
1208:
1013:
797:
652:
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319:
202:
56:
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3035:
3017:
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2200:
2182:
2135:
2127:
2086:
2051:
2033:
1937:
1381:
1266:
1243:
743:
719:
672:
3428:
3080:
1449:–14 oz). The flower buds are used in salad or ground with dried fish to make a
4367:
3979:
3416:
3293:
3252:
3242:
3119:
3025:
3007:
2966:
2956:
2923:
2784:
2719:
2711:
2645:
2641:
2307:
2299:
2250:
2242:
2190:
2174:
2117:
2078:
2041:
2025:
2008:
1611:
1597:
1220:
1055:
1047:
996:, led by Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Algeria accounting for 46% of the total (table).
805:
774:
680:
605:
429:
Date fruits are oval-cylindrical, 3–7 cm (1–3 in) long, and 2–3 cm (
417:
364:
322:
with several stems from a single root system. Slow-growing, they can reach over 100
318:
Date palms reach up to 30 metres (100 feet) in height, growing singly or forming a
4251:
3920:
3907:
3633:
3479:
2380:
2359:
1581:
culture, dates and yogurt or milk are traditionally the first foods consumed for
1466:
1405:
1293:
1235:
1108:
704:
379:
307:
155:
99:
4207:
3718:
3400:
3053:
Miller CJ, Dunn EV, Hashim IB (2002). "Glycemic index of 3 varieties of dates".
1034: oz) reference amount, dates supply 1,180 kilojoules (280 kilocalories) of
4300:
2406:
2246:
1621:
1141:
1097:
1074:
735:
488:
312:
270:
86:
3689:
3420:
3298:
3281:
3231:
L.) Pits
Extract Against DNA Damage Induced by N-Nitroso-N-methylurea in Mice"
2996:"Glycemic indices of five varieties of dates in healthy and diabetic subjects"
1702:
Palm trees and other trees in the middle of the road (Abu Dhabi, Middle East).
4384:
3816:
3781:
3582:
3557:
3458:
3247:
3021:
2961:
2802:
2393:
2345:
2186:
2131:
2090:
2037:
1543:
1476:
1388:
The consumption of raw date palm sap is one of the means by which the deadly
1168:
1114:
1101:
1067:
1009:
827:
778:
747:
676:
558:
346:
agriculture and highly symbolic in Muslim, Christian, and Jewish religions".
332:
194:
112:
3826:
3522:
3012:
734:, a Neolithic civilization in western Pakistan, around 7000 BCE and in
4233:
3881:
3806:
3650:
3266:
3066:
3039:
2980:
2748:
2733:
2715:
2321:
2264:
2204:
2139:
2055:
2029:
1520:
1472:
1350:
1160:
1148:
1005:
890:
613:
523:
338:
There is archaeological evidence of date cultivation in Arabia from the 6th
302:
262:
4344:
4256:
3537:
404:
4189:
4127:
3943:
3890:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3502:
3286:
International
Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology
2883:
2328:
1688:
1607:
1524:
1389:
1359:
1323:
1315:
1311:
1212:
1199:
1039:
1035:
832:
786:
696:
657:
609:
504:
413:
266:
125:
4093:
3123:
2886:. UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Corporate Statistical Database (
2758:. National Seed Laboratory, 5675 Riggins Mill Rd, Dry Branch, GA 31020.
4106:
2303:
2178:
1559:
1319:
1194:
1051:
715:
668:
583:
397:
356:
294:
282:
278:
4132:
4039:
4026:
3572:
2220:
2122:
2105:
1593:
1484:
1450:
1425:
1355:
1251:
1216:
742:. Dates have been cultivated since ancient times from Mesopotamia to
393:
375:
274:
250:
145:
3852:
2082:
624:
4339:
3875:
3791:
2690:
Sallon S, Cherif E, Chabrillange N, et al. (7 February 2020).
2002:
Sallon S, Cherif E, Chabrillange N, et al. (7 February 2020).
1401:
1397:
1261:
In
Southeast Spain (where a large date plantation exists including
1255:
1185:
1156:
1082:
944:
840:
770:
731:
135:
4155:
4031:
4228:
3987:
3811:
3796:
3786:
3724:
2887:
2530:"Publications | Extension | University of Nevada, Reno"
1606:, which can refer to both the tree and its fruit) symbolizes the
1586:
1516:
1488:
1269:) dates (usually pitted with fried almond) are served wrapped in
1224:
1204:
1180:
1176:
1090:
1078:
908:
836:
782:
755:
692:
664:
656:, sometimes called the "dubas bug", whose sap sucking results in
572:), which means 'date' (also 'finger'), and with the native Latin
496:
368:
290:
4018:
2221:
Hazzouri KM, Gros-Balthazard M, Flowers JM, et al. (2019).
699:) are also cultivated in the southwestern United States, and in
3928:
3801:
3401:"Historical evidence of the Spanish introduction of date palm (
3398:
3227:"In Vivo Comparative Studies on Antigenotoxicity of Date Palm (
2689:
2277:
2103:
2001:
1615:
1601:
1563:
1555:
1327:
1279:
1262:
1172:
1152:
1137:
1133:
700:
512:
360:
3473:
2994:
Alkaabi JM, Al-Dabbagh B, Ahmad S, et al. (28 May 2011).
2104:
Al-Dous EK, George B, Al-Mahmoud ME, et al. (June 2011).
1641:
Dried date, peach, and apricot from Lahun, Fayum, Egypt. Late
1496:, and were introduced to Mexico as early as the 16th century.
2794:
2338:
2333:
2331:
1582:
1578:
1570:
1551:
1531:
1504:
1500:
1432:
1363:
1270:
1228:
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993:
872:
591:
587:
579:
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548:
454:
426:
in Arabic) to keep him attached to the trunk while climbing.
343:
73:
2153:
Al-Mssallem IS, Hu S, Zhang X, et al. (6 August 2013).
3504:
Eat and be satisfied : a social history of Jewish food
2993:
2223:"Genome-wide association mapping of date palm fruit traits"
1684:
1479:
processions to symbolize victory were most likely those of
1409:
1211:. Vinegar made from dates was a traditional product of the
1107:
Like many other fruits, dates contain measurable levels of
962:
926:
751:
48:
3671:
The
Mandaean Rivers Scroll (Diwan Nahrawatha): an analysis
2790:
Le livre de l'agriculture d'Ibn-al-Awam (kitab-al-felahah)
1934:
University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources
1298:
increased use of resealable packaging and calls for fewer
831:
importance. The most renowned cultivars worldwide include
3322:
2756:
Woody Plant Seed Manual, USDA FS Agriculture Handbook 727
2441:
1017:
804:
An article on date palm tree cultivation is contained in
3379:
3377:
2278:
Hazzouri KM, Flowers JM, Visser HJ, et al. (2015).
2155:"Genome sequence of the date palm Phoenix dactylifera L"
363:
are 4–6 m (13–20 ft) long, with spines on the
3399:
Rivera D, Johnson D, Delgadillo J, et al. (2012).
2916:"The Role of Date Palm Fruit in Improving Human Health"
2596:. The World in Ancient Times. Oxford University Press.
1385:, depending on the region, can be also tapped for sap.
1326:. Date seeds are also ground and used in the manner of
3452:
3450:
1511:. The tree was heavily cultivated as a food source in
582:
is known as a date. The fruit's English name (through
3374:
2585:
2583:
2152:
2068:
835:, originally of Algeria; Yahidi and Hallawi of Iraq;
2797:: A. Franck. pp. 321–326 (ch. 7 – Article 43).
1610:
and is often associated with the cosmic wellspring (
1483:. The date palm was a popular garden plant in Roman
1223:, for special occasions and religious times such as
3447:
3313:
3311:
3309:
3224:
3199:
Official Gazette of the United States Patent Office
2945:"The unexpected truth about dates and hypoglycemia"
2062:
1800:
Plants of the World Online | Kew Science. 2024
1273:and shallow-fried. In Palestine date syrup, termed
992:In 2022, world production of dates was 9.7 million
249:, is a flowering-plant species in the palm family,
2580:
2470:"How One Indian Couple Saved 'The Fruit of Kings'"
1250:. They are particularly available to eat whole at
1167:. Partially dried pitted dates may be glazed with
2793:(in French). Translated by J.-J. Clement-Mullet.
2783:
4382:
3482:, JEWISH ACTION Magazine, Winter 5765/2005 issue
3306:
3052:
2827:Nixon R (1954). "Date culture in Saudi Arabia".
2216:
2214:
1550:and the Jewish people. The leaves are used as a
3535:
612:while others state that they are native to the
3456:
3110:Das B, Sarin JL (1936). "Vinegar from Dates".
2815:
2661:"Date Seed of Masada is Oldest Ever to Sprout"
2589:
1499:Dates are mentioned more than 50 times in the
1392:spreads from bats to humans. The virus can be
342:millennium BCE. Dates are "emblematic of
3740:
2211:
3655:The secret Adam: a study of Nasoraean gnosis
3597:"KKL Preparing for Distribution of "Schach""
3383:
3347:
3282:"Floral Stalk on Date Palm: A New Discovery"
2835:
1921:
1234:Reflecting the maritime trading heritage of
1038:, and are a rich source (20% or more of the
421:
392:trunk section. As with other members of the
3643:
2920:Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research
2913:
2844:"22. Date Fruits Production and Processing"
1404:, by contrast, the vector was found to be
573:
552:
3747:
3733:
2949:Journal of Family & Community Medicine
2429:
1925:Imported and American Varieties of Dates (
1254:time. Dates are one of the ingredients of
596:, because of the fruit's elongated shape.
590:) comes from the Greek word for 'finger',
261:. The species is widely cultivated across
47:
3542:. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
3297:
3256:
3246:
3165:
3029:
3011:
2970:
2960:
2936:
2927:
2723:
2461:
2311:
2254:
2194:
2121:
2045:
1881:
1879:
1722:"Phoenix dactylifera L. — The Plant List"
1523:developed. Date palm leaves are used for
1507:. Date palms holds great significance in
1231:, it is traditional to eat a date first.
1089:(7-10%) of the fruit's total weight. The
628:Sooty mould, nymph and larval cuticle of
3667:
3143:. Vol. 1. Netherlands: E.J. Brill.
3109:
2850:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 396–.
2658:
2623:
1349:
1310:Date seeds are soaked and ground up for
1113:
1004:Date palm fruits contain 21% water, 75%
760:
644:A major palm pest, the red palm beetle (
623:
522:
403:
384:
27:Palm tree cultivated for its sweet fruit
3218:
3202:. US Patent Office. 1953. p. 589.
2987:
2909:
2907:
2905:
2848:Handbook of Fruits and Fruit Processing
2373:. Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short.
1997:
1995:
1917:
1915:
1770:United States Department of Agriculture
1761:Germplasm Resources Information Network
1163:. Pitted dates are also referred to as
725:
14:
4383:
3649:
3500:
3415:(4): 1437–1439, 1441–1442, 1444–1445.
3136:
3112:Industrial & Engineering Chemistry
2942:
2846:. In Hui YH, Barta J, Cano MP (eds.).
2746:
1876:
1671:Date palm cutting growing on the trunk
1424:. Dried leaf petioles are a source of
3857:
3856:
3728:
3721:(additional information from the FAO)
3329:from the original on 27 December 2023
3279:
3091:from the original on 12 February 2023
2841:
2826:
2467:
1788:
1786:
1558:. They are also commonly used as the
714:Date palms require well-drained deep
30:For other species of date palms, see
4244:47c6c6aa-32a1-42df-bcbf-1de67937f6bd
3570:
3409:Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution
2902:
2671:from the original on 9 December 2021
2542:from the original on 9 October 2022.
2480:from the original on 2 November 2021
1992:
1912:
983:UN Food and Agriculture Organization
3696:from the original on 8 October 2022
2876:
2765:from the original on 9 October 2022
1885:
1744:
808:'s 12th-century agricultural work,
758:period from 2600 to 1900 BCE.
422:
396:, date palms do not produce annual
24:
3754:
3574:The Metsudah Kitzur Shulchan Aruch
3507:. Northvale, N.J.: Jason Aronson.
3147:from the original on 17 March 2023
2449:from the original on 31 March 2015
2417:from the original on 18 April 2021
1864:from the original on 20 April 2014
1830:from the original on 20 April 2014
1783:
1732:from the original on 17 April 2019
1046:(22% DV) and a moderate source of
551:, and is formed with the loanword
467:–1 in) long and 6–8 mm (
311:, which contains 12–19 species of
253:, cultivated for its edible sweet
25:
4462:
3712:
3607:from the original on 8 March 2021
3435:from the original on 16 June 2022
3405:L., Arecaceae) into the Americas"
3206:from the original on 8 April 2023
3178:from the original on 29 July 2020
2864:from the original on 8 April 2023
2568:from the original on 6 April 2019
1980:from the original on 3 April 2019
1950:from the original on 8 April 2023
1900:from the original on 8 April 2023
1820:"Biota of North America Project,
1337:
1227:. When Muslims break fast in the
777:, is renowned for its long-lived
4332:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:668912-1
3837:
3836:
3825:
3225:Diab K, E. I. Aboul-Ela (2012).
1976:. US Department of Agriculture.
1854:in Flora of China @ efloras.org"
1695:
1676:
1664:
1649:
1634:
955:
937:
919:
901:
883:
865:
795:, as well as Indian wild palms,
60:
3661:
3619:
3589:
3564:
3529:
3494:
3485:
3467:
3392:
3341:
3273:
3190:
3159:
3130:
3103:
3073:
3046:
2820:
2809:
2777:
2740:
2683:
2652:
2617:
2590:Kenoyer JM, Heuston KB (2005).
2546:
2522:
2492:
2399:
2386:
2364:
2271:
2146:
2116:(6) (published 2011): 521–527.
2097:
1258:, a popular British condiment.
1203:in Libya, powder (date sugar),
599:
3536:Küchler M, Theissen G (2009).
3356:. NRC Research Press. p.
2646:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2011.11.022
2392:"Date Palm". 15 October 2008.
1962:
1842:
1812:
1714:
1073:The primary carbohydrates are
686:
349:
32:Phoenix (plant) § Species
13:
1:
3636:, retrieved on 28 Feb. 2015,
3140:Studies in Ancient Technology
2929:10.7860/JCDR/2020/43026.13442
2842:Sidhu JS (28 February 2008).
2593:The Ancient South Asian World
2437:"Medjool: A Date to Remember"
1766:Agricultural Research Service
1707:
1585:after the sun has set during
1456:
1215:. Recent innovations include
846:
750:used the fruits to make date
663:In the 1920s, eleven healthy
578:, which means 'to bear'. The
2749:"Chapter 4 Storage of Seeds"
2626:Journal of Arid Environments
1616:
1602:
1542:. Date palms are one of the
999:
815:
608:region straddling Egypt and
562:
538:
487: in) thick. Three main
457:(seed) about 2–2.5 cm (
7:
2659:Fountain H (17 June 2008).
1922:Hodel D, Johnson D (2007).
1893:. The Conference Exchange.
1527:in the Christian religion.
1494:Mission San Diego de Alcalá
1396:by boiling the sap down to
254:
231:D.Rivera, S.Ríos & Obón
223:D.Rivera, S.Ríos & Obón
10:
4467:
3657:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
3463:. The Monist. p. 675.
2829:Ann. Date Growers' Instit.
2339:
2247:10.1038/s41467-019-12604-9
2071:Canadian Journal of Botany
1627:
1475:, the palm fronds used in
1460:
1373:, wild date palms such as
1118:Antique date forks in rack
1087:non-starch polysaccharides
819:
640:List of date palm diseases
637:
619:
592:
568:
29:
3865:
3834:
3823:
3762:
3627:Chapter 19 - verses 22-25
3577:. Metsudah Publications.
3421:10.1007/s10722-012-9932-5
3299:10.3329/ijarit.v4i2.22649
2468:Allen L (25 April 2014).
1562:in the construction of a
1554:in the Jewish holiday of
1415:
1358:tapped from date palm in
1127:
979:
856:
647:Rhynchophorus ferrugineus
518:
412:Dates are naturally wind-
208:
201:
184:
177:
57:Scientific classification
55:
46:
41:
4431:Plants described in 1753
3248:10.4103/0971-6580.103669
3235:Toxicology International
3081:"Foods High in Oxalates"
2962:10.4103/2230-8229.181008
2747:Bonner FT (April 2008).
1540:Feast of the Tabernacles
1305:
1286:
1066:(10-19% DV), with other
1020:(table). In a 100-gram (
852:Dates production – 2022
527:Germination of date palm
408:Leaves of the date palm
245:, commonly known as the
4411:Garden plants of Africa
3460:Dictionary of the Bible
3457:James Hastings (1909).
3013:10.1186/1475-2891-10-59
2914:Al-Mssallem MQ (2020).
2355:A Greek–English Lexicon
1858:eFloras, Flora of China
1683:Date seller in the old
1229:evening meal of Ramadan
1122:
1093:content is negligible.
4401:Drought-tolerant trees
2716:10.1126/sciadv.aax0384
2030:10.1126/sciadv.aax0384
1929:) in the United States
1658:emblem of Saudi Arabia
1366:
1345:
1332:N-nitroso-N-methylurea
1119:
822:List of date cultivars
766:
738:between 5530 and 5320
635:
574:
553:
528:
409:
401:
4416:Garden plants of Asia
3674:. London: Routledge.
3603:. 24 September 2009.
3386:Ancient Roman Gardens
3384:Linda Farrar (1998).
3348:Ernest Small (2009).
3055:Saudi Medical Journal
2346:Liddell, Henry George
2284:Nature Communications
2227:Nature Communications
2159:Nature Communications
1936:(UCANR). p. 13.
1461:Further information:
1353:
1240:sticky toffee pudding
1195:date syrup or "honey"
1117:
985:, Statistics Division
764:
638:Further information:
627:
526:
407:
388:
4441:Tropical agriculture
3632:2 April 2015 at the
3601:Israel National News
3478:4 March 2022 at the
2110:Nature Biotechnology
1970:"Dates, deglet noor"
1726:www.theplantlist.org
1536:Second Jewish Temple
1503:and 20 times in the
1463:Palm branch (symbol)
1248:date and walnut loaf
726:Agricultural history
4451:Plants in the Bible
4283:Phoenix dactylifera
4071:Phoenix dactylifera
4006:Phoenix_dactylifera
3934:phoenix-dactylifera
3897:Phoenix dactylifera
3867:Phoenix dactylifera
3668:Nasoraia B (2022).
3403:Phoenix dactylifera
3352:Top 100 Food Plants
3325:. 31 January 2023.
3229:Phoenix Dactylifera
3174:. SM Publications.
3172:Silver Salon Forums
3124:10.1021/ie50319a016
2708:2020SciA....6..384S
2638:2012JArEn..86..139T
2556:Phoenix dactylifera
2502:Phoenix dactylifera
2474:Indian Country News
2445:. 17 October 2007.
2296:2015NatCo...6.8824H
2239:2019NatCo..10.4680H
2171:2013NatCo...4.2274A
2022:2020SciA....6..384S
1927:Phoenix Dactylifera
1852:Phoenix dactylifera
1822:Phoenix dactylifera
1796:Phoenix dactylifera
1754:Phoenix dactylifera
1509:Abrahamic religions
1481:P. dactylifera
1300:single-use plastics
1016:, and less than 1%
1008:(63% sugars and 8%
853:
810:Book on Agriculture
792:P. theophrasti
390:Phoenix dactylifera
299:P. dactylifera
297:regions worldwide.
242:Phoenix dactylifera
188:Phoenix dactylifera
170:P. dactylifera
18:Phoenix dactylifera
3719:Date palm products
3321:. Goats and Soda.
3137:Forbes RJ (1971).
2943:Yasawy MI (2016).
2376:A Latin Dictionary
2304:10.1038/ncomms9824
2179:10.1038/ncomms3274
1376:Phoenix sylvestris
1367:
1140:, pecans, candied
1120:
858:millions of tonnes
851:
826:A large number of
798:Phoenix sylvestris
767:
653:Ommatissus lybicus
636:
631:Ommatissus lybicus
547:'date-bearing' is
531:A draft genome of
529:
410:
402:
220:Phoenix chevalieri
4378:
4377:
4265:Open Tree of Life
3859:Taxon identifiers
3850:
3849:
3681:978-0-367-33544-1
3549:978-3-525-53390-1
3501:Cooper J (1993).
3367:978-0-660-19858-3
3000:Nutrition Journal
2857:978-0-470-27648-8
2603:978-0-19-522243-2
2562:www.growables.org
2411:iranicaonline.org
1943:978-1-879906-78-5
1656:Date palm in the
1596:, the date palm (
1519:and subsequently
1382:Phoenix reclinata
1267:Palmeral of Elche
1244:Christmas pudding
1197:called "dibs" or
990:
989:
986:
859:
748:ancient Egyptians
744:prehistoric Egypt
720:calcium carbonate
673:Indio, California
543:The species name
374:The date palm is
238:
237:
232:
224:
216:
212:Palma dactylifera
16:(Redirected from
4458:
4421:Ornamental trees
4371:
4370:
4358:
4357:
4348:
4347:
4335:
4334:
4322:
4321:
4309:
4308:
4296:
4295:
4286:
4285:
4273:
4272:
4260:
4259:
4247:
4246:
4237:
4236:
4224:
4223:
4211:
4210:
4208:NBNSYS0200002859
4198:
4197:
4185:
4184:
4172:
4171:
4159:
4158:
4146:
4145:
4136:
4135:
4123:
4122:
4110:
4109:
4097:
4096:
4087:
4086:
4074:
4073:
4061:
4060:
4048:
4047:
4035:
4034:
4022:
4021:
4009:
4008:
3996:
3995:
3983:
3982:
3970:
3969:
3960:
3959:
3947:
3946:
3937:
3936:
3924:
3923:
3911:
3910:
3901:
3900:
3899:
3886:
3885:
3884:
3854:
3853:
3840:
3839:
3829:
3749:
3742:
3735:
3726:
3725:
3706:
3705:
3703:
3701:
3665:
3659:
3658:
3647:
3641:
3623:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3612:
3593:
3587:
3586:
3571:Karo Jb (1999).
3568:
3562:
3561:
3533:
3527:
3526:
3498:
3492:
3489:
3483:
3471:
3465:
3464:
3454:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3396:
3390:
3389:
3381:
3372:
3371:
3355:
3345:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3334:
3315:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3280:Kiran S (2014).
3277:
3271:
3270:
3260:
3250:
3222:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3211:
3194:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3183:
3163:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3152:
3134:
3128:
3127:
3107:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3096:
3077:
3071:
3070:
3050:
3044:
3043:
3033:
3015:
2991:
2985:
2984:
2974:
2964:
2940:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2911:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2880:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2869:
2839:
2833:
2832:
2824:
2818:
2817:
2813:
2807:
2806:
2781:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2764:
2753:
2744:
2738:
2737:
2727:
2696:Science Advances
2687:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2656:
2650:
2649:
2621:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2610:
2587:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2550:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2534:
2526:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2510:on 23 March 2015
2506:. Archived from
2496:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2465:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2433:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2403:
2397:
2390:
2384:
2368:
2362:
2342:
2341:
2335:
2326:
2325:
2315:
2275:
2269:
2268:
2258:
2218:
2209:
2208:
2198:
2150:
2144:
2143:
2125:
2123:10.1038/nbt.1860
2101:
2095:
2094:
2077:(8): 1703–1711.
2066:
2060:
2059:
2049:
2009:Science Advances
1999:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1974:FoodData Central
1966:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1919:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1899:
1892:
1883:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1790:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1748:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1718:
1699:
1680:
1668:
1653:
1638:
1619:
1605:
1448:
1447:
1443:
1440:
1422:insulating board
1109:calcium oxalates
1070:in low amounts.
1056:dietary minerals
1048:pantothenic acid
1033:
1032:
1028:
1025:
980:
961:
959:
958:
943:
941:
940:
925:
923:
922:
907:
905:
904:
889:
887:
886:
871:
869:
868:
857:
854:
850:
775:Judean date palm
681:Bard, California
606:Fertile Crescent
595:
594:
577:
571:
570:
565:
556:
486:
485:
481:
476:
475:
471:
466:
465:
461:
452:
451:
447:
444:
438:
437:
433:
425:
424:
341:
330:
325:
230:
222:
214:
190:
65:
64:
51:
39:
38:
21:
4466:
4465:
4461:
4460:
4459:
4457:
4456:
4455:
4436:Trees of Africa
4426:Phoenix (plant)
4381:
4380:
4379:
4374:
4366:
4361:
4353:
4351:
4343:
4338:
4330:
4325:
4317:
4312:
4304:
4299:
4291:
4289:
4281:
4276:
4268:
4263:
4255:
4252:Observation.org
4250:
4242:
4240:
4232:
4227:
4219:
4214:
4206:
4201:
4193:
4188:
4180:
4175:
4167:
4162:
4154:
4149:
4141:
4139:
4131:
4126:
4118:
4113:
4105:
4100:
4092:
4090:
4082:
4077:
4069:
4064:
4056:
4051:
4043:
4038:
4030:
4025:
4017:
4012:
4004:
3999:
3991:
3986:
3978:
3973:
3965:
3963:
3955:
3950:
3942:
3940:
3932:
3927:
3919:
3914:
3906:
3904:
3895:
3894:
3889:
3880:
3879:
3874:
3861:
3851:
3846:
3830:
3821:
3758:
3753:
3715:
3710:
3709:
3699:
3697:
3682:
3666:
3662:
3648:
3644:
3634:Wayback Machine
3624:
3620:
3610:
3608:
3595:
3594:
3590:
3569:
3565:
3550:
3534:
3530:
3515:
3499:
3495:
3490:
3486:
3480:Wayback Machine
3472:
3468:
3455:
3448:
3438:
3436:
3397:
3393:
3382:
3375:
3368:
3346:
3342:
3332:
3330:
3317:
3316:
3307:
3278:
3274:
3223:
3219:
3209:
3207:
3196:
3195:
3191:
3181:
3179:
3166:dragonflywink.
3164:
3160:
3150:
3148:
3135:
3131:
3108:
3104:
3094:
3092:
3079:
3078:
3074:
3051:
3047:
2992:
2988:
2941:
2937:
2912:
2903:
2893:
2891:
2882:
2881:
2877:
2867:
2865:
2858:
2840:
2836:
2825:
2821:
2814:
2810:
2785:Ibn al-'Awwam Y
2782:
2778:
2768:
2766:
2762:
2751:
2745:
2741:
2702:(6): eaax0384.
2688:
2684:
2674:
2672:
2657:
2653:
2622:
2618:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2588:
2581:
2571:
2569:
2552:
2551:
2547:
2539:
2532:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2513:
2511:
2498:
2497:
2493:
2483:
2481:
2466:
2462:
2452:
2450:
2435:
2434:
2430:
2420:
2418:
2405:
2404:
2400:
2391:
2387:
2381:Perseus Project
2369:
2365:
2360:Perseus Project
2336:
2329:
2276:
2272:
2219:
2212:
2151:
2147:
2102:
2098:
2083:10.1139/b86-228
2067:
2063:
2016:(6): eaax0384.
2000:
1993:
1983:
1981:
1968:
1967:
1963:
1953:
1951:
1944:
1920:
1913:
1903:
1901:
1897:
1890:
1884:
1877:
1867:
1865:
1848:
1847:
1843:
1833:
1831:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1803:
1801:
1792:
1791:
1784:
1774:
1772:
1750:
1749:
1745:
1735:
1733:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1710:
1703:
1700:
1691:
1681:
1672:
1669:
1660:
1654:
1645:
1639:
1630:
1469:
1467:Plants in Islam
1459:
1445:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1418:
1406:factory farming
1348:
1340:
1308:
1289:
1130:
1125:
1075:monosaccharides
1030:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1002:
956:
954:
938:
936:
920:
918:
902:
900:
884:
882:
866:
864:
849:
824:
818:
728:
705:Baja California
689:
642:
622:
602:
541:
521:
489:cultivar groups
483:
479:
478:
473:
469:
468:
463:
459:
458:
449:
445:
442:
440:
435:
431:
430:
418:hand-pollinated
352:
339:
328:
323:
313:wild date palms
263:northern Africa
228:Phoenix iberica
197:
192:
186:
173:
59:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4464:
4454:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4376:
4375:
4373:
4372:
4368:wfo-0000269752
4359:
4349:
4336:
4323:
4310:
4297:
4287:
4274:
4261:
4248:
4238:
4225:
4212:
4199:
4186:
4173:
4160:
4147:
4137:
4124:
4111:
4098:
4088:
4075:
4062:
4049:
4036:
4023:
4010:
3997:
3984:
3971:
3961:
3948:
3938:
3925:
3912:
3902:
3887:
3871:
3869:
3863:
3862:
3848:
3847:
3835:
3832:
3831:
3824:
3822:
3820:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3763:
3760:
3759:
3756:Date cultivars
3752:
3751:
3744:
3737:
3729:
3723:
3722:
3714:
3713:External links
3711:
3708:
3707:
3680:
3660:
3642:
3618:
3588:
3563:
3548:
3528:
3513:
3493:
3484:
3466:
3446:
3391:
3388:. p. 141.
3373:
3366:
3340:
3305:
3272:
3241:(3): 279–286.
3217:
3189:
3158:
3129:
3102:
3072:
3045:
2986:
2935:
2901:
2875:
2856:
2834:
2819:
2808:
2776:
2739:
2682:
2665:New York Times
2651:
2616:
2602:
2579:
2545:
2521:
2491:
2460:
2428:
2398:
2385:
2363:
2327:
2270:
2210:
2145:
2096:
2061:
1991:
1961:
1942:
1911:
1875:
1841:
1811:
1782:
1743:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1705:
1704:
1701:
1694:
1692:
1682:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1663:
1661:
1655:
1648:
1646:
1643:Middle Kingdom
1640:
1633:
1629:
1626:
1622:Mandaean texts
1569:In the Quran,
1513:ancient Israel
1458:
1455:
1417:
1414:
1371:P. dactylifera
1347:
1344:
1339:
1338:Fruit clusters
1336:
1307:
1304:
1288:
1285:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1098:glycemic index
1085:(19-28%), and
1068:micronutrients
1001:
998:
988:
987:
977:
976:
973:
969:
968:
965:
951:
950:
947:
933:
932:
929:
915:
914:
911:
897:
896:
893:
879:
878:
875:
861:
860:
848:
845:
828:date cultivars
820:Main article:
817:
814:
765:Mazafati dates
736:eastern Arabia
727:
724:
688:
685:
621:
618:
601:
598:
557:in Latin from
540:
537:
533:P. dactylifera
520:
517:
351:
348:
271:Horn of Africa
236:
235:
234:
233:
225:
217:
206:
205:
199:
198:
193:
182:
181:
175:
174:
167:
165:
161:
160:
153:
149:
148:
143:
139:
138:
133:
129:
128:
123:
116:
115:
110:
103:
102:
97:
90:
89:
84:
77:
76:
71:
67:
66:
53:
52:
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4463:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4396:Desert fruits
4394:
4392:
4389:
4388:
4386:
4369:
4364:
4360:
4356:
4350:
4346:
4341:
4337:
4333:
4328:
4324:
4320:
4315:
4311:
4307:
4302:
4298:
4294:
4288:
4284:
4279:
4275:
4271:
4266:
4262:
4258:
4253:
4249:
4245:
4239:
4235:
4230:
4226:
4222:
4217:
4213:
4209:
4204:
4200:
4196:
4191:
4187:
4183:
4178:
4174:
4170:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4152:
4148:
4144:
4138:
4134:
4129:
4125:
4121:
4116:
4112:
4108:
4103:
4099:
4095:
4089:
4085:
4080:
4076:
4072:
4067:
4063:
4059:
4054:
4050:
4046:
4041:
4037:
4033:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4015:
4011:
4007:
4002:
3998:
3994:
3989:
3985:
3981:
3976:
3972:
3968:
3962:
3958:
3953:
3949:
3945:
3939:
3935:
3930:
3926:
3922:
3917:
3913:
3909:
3903:
3898:
3892:
3888:
3883:
3877:
3873:
3872:
3870:
3868:
3864:
3860:
3855:
3845:
3844:
3833:
3828:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3764:
3761:
3757:
3750:
3745:
3743:
3738:
3736:
3731:
3730:
3727:
3720:
3717:
3716:
3695:
3691:
3687:
3683:
3677:
3673:
3672:
3664:
3656:
3652:
3646:
3640:
3635:
3631:
3628:
3622:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3592:
3584:
3580:
3576:
3575:
3567:
3559:
3555:
3551:
3545:
3541:
3540:
3532:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3514:0-87668-316-2
3510:
3506:
3505:
3497:
3488:
3481:
3477:
3474:
3470:
3462:
3461:
3453:
3451:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3404:
3395:
3387:
3380:
3378:
3369:
3363:
3359:
3354:
3353:
3344:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3314:
3312:
3310:
3300:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3276:
3268:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3230:
3221:
3205:
3201:
3200:
3193:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3168:"Jensen fork"
3162:
3146:
3142:
3141:
3133:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3106:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3076:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3049:
3041:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2990:
2982:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2939:
2930:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2910:
2908:
2906:
2889:
2885:
2879:
2863:
2859:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2838:
2830:
2823:
2812:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2791:
2786:
2780:
2761:
2757:
2750:
2743:
2735:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2686:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2655:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2620:
2605:
2599:
2595:
2594:
2586:
2584:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2557:
2554:"Date Palm –
2549:
2538:
2531:
2525:
2509:
2505:
2503:
2495:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2464:
2448:
2444:
2443:
2438:
2432:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2402:
2395:
2394:HowStuffWorks
2389:
2382:
2378:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2361:
2357:
2356:
2351:
2350:Scott, Robert
2347:
2343:
2334:
2332:
2323:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2274:
2266:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2217:
2215:
2206:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2149:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2100:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2065:
2057:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2010:
2005:
1998:
1996:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1965:
1949:
1945:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1918:
1916:
1896:
1889:
1882:
1880:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1853:
1845:
1829:
1825:
1823:
1815:
1799:
1797:
1789:
1787:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1762:
1757:
1755:
1747:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1717:
1713:
1698:
1693:
1690:
1686:
1679:
1674:
1667:
1662:
1659:
1652:
1647:
1644:
1637:
1632:
1631:
1625:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1595:
1590:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1567:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1544:seven species
1541:
1537:
1533:
1528:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1497:
1495:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1468:
1464:
1454:
1452:
1434:
1429:
1427:
1423:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1386:
1384:
1383:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1352:
1343:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1303:
1301:
1296:
1295:
1284:
1282:
1281:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1232:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1201:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1187:
1182:
1178:
1175:(tagines) in
1174:
1170:
1169:glucose syrup
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1116:
1112:
1110:
1105:
1103:
1102:glycemic load
1099:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1077:, comprising
1076:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1010:dietary fiber
1007:
1006:carbohydrates
997:
995:
984:
978:
974:
971:
970:
966:
964:
953:
952:
948:
946:
935:
934:
930:
928:
917:
916:
912:
910:
899:
898:
894:
892:
881:
880:
876:
874:
863:
862:
855:
844:
842:
838:
834:
829:
823:
813:
811:
807:
806:Ibn al-'Awwam
802:
800:
799:
794:
793:
788:
784:
780:
779:orthodox seed
776:
772:
763:
759:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
723:
721:
717:
712:
708:
706:
702:
698:
694:
684:
682:
678:
677:Yuma, Arizona
674:
670:
666:
661:
659:
655:
654:
649:
648:
641:
633:
632:
626:
617:
615:
611:
607:
597:
589:
585:
581:
576:
564:
560:
555:
550:
546:
536:
534:
525:
516:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
456:
427:
419:
415:
406:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
381:
377:
372:
370:
366:
362:
358:
347:
345:
336:
334:
321:
316:
314:
310:
309:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
243:
229:
226:
221:
218:
213:
210:
209:
207:
204:
200:
196:
191:
189:
183:
180:
179:Binomial name
176:
172:
171:
166:
163:
162:
159:
158:
154:
151:
150:
147:
144:
141:
140:
137:
134:
131:
130:
127:
124:
121:
118:
117:
114:
111:
108:
105:
104:
101:
98:
95:
92:
91:
88:
87:Tracheophytes
85:
82:
79:
78:
75:
72:
69:
68:
63:
58:
54:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
4406:Edible palms
3866:
3841:
3698:. Retrieved
3670:
3663:
3654:
3645:
3637:
3621:
3609:. Retrieved
3600:
3591:
3573:
3566:
3538:
3531:
3503:
3496:
3487:
3469:
3459:
3437:. Retrieved
3412:
3408:
3402:
3394:
3385:
3351:
3343:
3333:16 September
3331:. Retrieved
3292:(2): 53–54.
3289:
3285:
3275:
3238:
3234:
3228:
3220:
3208:. Retrieved
3198:
3192:
3180:. Retrieved
3171:
3161:
3149:. Retrieved
3139:
3132:
3115:
3111:
3105:
3093:. Retrieved
3084:
3075:
3061:(5): 536–8.
3058:
3054:
3048:
3003:
2999:
2989:
2955:(2): 115–8.
2952:
2948:
2938:
2919:
2892:. Retrieved
2878:
2866:. Retrieved
2847:
2837:
2831:(31): 15–20.
2828:
2822:
2811:
2789:
2779:
2767:. Retrieved
2755:
2742:
2699:
2695:
2685:
2673:. Retrieved
2664:
2654:
2629:
2625:
2619:
2607:. Retrieved
2592:
2570:. Retrieved
2561:
2555:
2548:
2524:
2512:. Retrieved
2508:the original
2501:
2494:
2482:. Retrieved
2473:
2463:
2451:. Retrieved
2440:
2431:
2419:. Retrieved
2410:
2401:
2388:
2374:
2366:
2353:
2287:
2283:
2273:
2230:
2226:
2162:
2158:
2148:
2113:
2109:
2099:
2074:
2070:
2064:
2013:
2007:
1982:. Retrieved
1973:
1964:
1952:. Retrieved
1928:
1924:
1902:. Retrieved
1886:Krueger RR.
1866:. Retrieved
1857:
1851:
1844:
1832:. Retrieved
1821:
1814:
1802:. Retrieved
1795:
1773:. Retrieved
1759:
1753:
1746:
1734:. Retrieved
1725:
1716:
1591:
1574:
1568:
1529:
1521:Christianity
1498:
1480:
1473:Ancient Rome
1470:
1430:
1419:
1387:
1380:
1374:
1370:
1368:
1341:
1309:
1294:daddelgaffel
1292:
1290:
1278:
1274:
1260:
1233:
1198:
1190:
1184:
1165:stoned dates
1164:
1161:cream cheese
1131:
1106:
1095:
1072:
1003:
991:
891:Saudi Arabia
839:of Morocco;
825:
809:
803:
796:
790:
768:
729:
713:
709:
690:
662:
651:
645:
643:
629:
614:Persian Gulf
603:
600:Distribution
544:
542:
532:
530:
508:
500:
492:
428:
411:
389:
373:
353:
337:
317:
306:
303:type species
298:
258:
246:
241:
240:
239:
227:
219:
211:
187:
185:
169:
168:
156:
119:
106:
93:
80:
36:
4446:Fruit trees
4190:NatureServe
4128:iNaturalist
3891:Wikispecies
3772:Deglet Nour
3625:The Quran,
3491:Psalm 92.12
3095:12 February
2632:: 139–147.
2500:"The Date,
2407:"Date palm"
2233:(1): 4680.
2165:(1): 2274.
1775:10 December
1689:Kuwait City
1608:cosmic tree
1525:Palm Sunday
1453:for bread.
1394:inactivated
1390:Nipah virus
1369:Apart from
1360:West Bengal
1324:oxalic acid
1316:lauric acid
1312:animal feed
1265:-protected
1213:Middle East
1040:Daily Value
1036:food energy
833:Deglet Noor
787:Deglet Nour
707:in Mexico.
697:Deglet Nour
687:Cultivation
660:formation.
658:sooty mould
610:Mesopotamia
545:dactylifera
505:Deglet Noor
394:palm family
357:pneumatodes
350:Description
333:confections
295:subtropical
287:naturalized
267:Middle East
126:Commelinids
100:Angiosperms
4385:Categories
4306:kew-152659
4301:Plant List
3964:Calflora:
3700:21 October
3690:1295213206
3118:(7): 814.
2675:9 December
2484:2 November
1708:References
1573:instructs
1457:In culture
1320:oleic acid
1318:(36%) and
1193:, spread,
1081:(23-30%),
1054:, and the
1052:vitamin B6
847:Production
716:sandy loam
669:Chemehuevi
586:, through
584:Old French
414:pollinated
398:tree rings
283:California
279:South Asia
215:(L.) Mill.
42:Date palm
4391:Date palm
4084:200027092
4058:200027092
4040:FloraBase
3651:Drower ES
3583:421411475
3558:457130327
3210:6 October
3022:1475-2891
3006:(1): 59.
2922:. India.
2803:780050566
2187:2041-1723
2132:1546-1696
2091:0008-4026
2038:2375-2548
1594:Mandaeism
1485:peristyle
1477:triumphal
1451:condiment
1426:cellulose
1252:Christmas
1221:champagne
1217:chocolate
1064:manganese
1060:magnesium
1044:potassium
1042:, DV) of
1000:Nutrition
843:of Iran.
816:Cultivars
539:Etymology
376:dioecious
305:of genus
275:Australia
251:Arecaceae
247:date palm
164:Species:
146:Arecaceae
70:Kingdom:
4340:Tropicos
4195:2.153890
4169:10458413
4156:668912-1
4001:eFloraSA
3941:BioLib:
3876:Wikidata
3843:Category
3792:Mazafati
3694:Archived
3653:(1960).
3630:Archived
3605:Archived
3523:27266322
3476:Archived
3433:Archived
3429:24146736
3327:Archived
3267:23293467
3204:Archived
3182:19 April
3176:Archived
3145:Archived
3089:Archived
3067:12070575
3040:21619670
2981:27186159
2862:Archived
2787:(1864).
2760:Archived
2734:32076636
2669:Archived
2566:Archived
2537:Archived
2514:19 April
2478:Archived
2453:19 April
2447:Archived
2415:Archived
2340:δάκτυλος
2322:26549859
2290:: 8824.
2265:31615981
2205:23917264
2140:21623354
2056:32076636
1978:Archived
1954:24 March
1948:Archived
1904:26 March
1895:Archived
1868:19 April
1862:Archived
1834:19 April
1828:Archived
1730:Archived
1603:sindirka
1402:Malaysia
1398:molasses
1256:HP Sauce
1181:puddings
1157:marzipan
1083:fructose
945:Pakistan
841:Mazafati
771:cultivar
756:Harappan
732:Mehrgarh
593:δάκτυλος
569:δάκτυλος
563:daktylos
554:dactylus
501:semi-dry
380:cuttings
291:tropical
289:in many
285:. It is
203:Synonyms
142:Family:
136:Arecales
113:Monocots
4345:2400809
4229:NTFlora
4107:6109699
4019:1135088
3988:Ecocrop
3812:Sukkari
3797:Medjool
3787:Mabroom
3611:5 March
3258:3532774
3151:20 June
3031:3112406
2972:4859097
2890:). 2024
2888:FAOSTAT
2868:29 July
2769:21 June
2725:7002127
2704:Bibcode
2634:Bibcode
2609:30 July
2572:6 April
2421:6 March
2358:at the
2313:4667612
2292:Bibcode
2256:6794320
2235:Bibcode
2196:3741641
2167:Bibcode
2047:7002127
2018:Bibcode
1736:12 June
1628:Gallery
1612:Mandaic
1598:Mandaic
1587:Ramadan
1579:Islamic
1560:s'chach
1517:Judaism
1489:Pompeii
1444:⁄
1236:Britain
1225:Ramadan
1209:alcohol
1205:vinegar
1177:Morocco
1173:tajines
1138:walnuts
1134:almonds
1091:sucrose
1079:glucose
1029:⁄
1014:protein
981:Source:
909:Algeria
837:Medjool
783:Medjool
693:Medjool
665:Medjool
620:Ecology
511:(e.g.,
507:), and
503:(e.g.,
497:Medjool
495:(e.g.,
491:exist:
482:⁄
472:⁄
462:⁄
448:⁄
434:⁄
369:pinnate
365:petiole
308:Phoenix
301:is the
257:called
157:Phoenix
152:Genus:
132:Order:
74:Plantae
4314:PLANTS
4270:789008
4257:120597
4241:NZOR:
4094:phodac
4091:FoIO:
3957:254245
3929:ARKive
3905:APDB:
3882:Q25292
3817:Zahidi
3802:Piarom
3782:Khalas
3688:
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1984:25 May
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1564:sukkah
1556:Sukkot
1515:where
1416:Leaves
1400:. (In
1354:Sweet
1328:coffee
1280:jallab
1263:UNESCO
1153:tahini
1142:orange
1128:Fruits
1012:), 2%
994:tonnes
960:
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746:. The
701:Sonora
634:, Oman
519:Genome
513:Thoory
367:, and
361:leaves
359:. The
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269:, the
265:, the
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4164:IRMNG
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4133:78555
4120:28046
4066:FoAO2
4032:PHXDA
3980:4GKRK
3944:62451
3921:82110
3908:33229
3807:Rabbi
3439:8 May
3425:S2CID
3085:WebMD
2894:1 May
2795:Paris
2763:(PDF)
2752:(PDF)
2540:(PDF)
2533:(PDF)
2396:.com.
1898:(PDF)
1891:(PDF)
1804:1 May
1583:Iftar
1571:Allah
1552:lulav
1548:Judea
1532:Torah
1505:Quran
1501:Bible
1433:flour
1364:India
1306:Seeds
1287:Forks
1275:silan
1271:bacon
1191:'ajwa
1186:ka'ak
1146:lemon
972:World
873:Egypt
740:calBC
588:Latin
580:fruit
559:Greek
549:Latin
455:stone
423:تبلية
344:oasis
327:61–68
320:clump
259:dates
255:fruit
120:Clade
107:Clade
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4327:POWO
4293:8572
4278:PfaF
4216:NCBI
4177:ITIS
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4115:GRIN
4102:GBIF
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4027:EPPO
3993:1673
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3952:BOLD
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3767:Ajwa
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