563:). Wright owned 12,000 acres that spanned the entire width of the County in the first six ranges of Onslow Township. In Wright's papers, in the National Archives of Canada, he frequently refers to his properties in Onslow, both his timber cutting operations and his farming activities there, listing acreages of oats and potatoes and his numbers of cattle. Unfortunately he did not state who was living on the properties or looking after his interests in the township. Joseph Bouchette's map, dated 1831, shows a few buildings and a road in the easternmost lots on the river, which is most likely to be the location of Philemon's Onslow Farm. Philemon Wright's brother-in-law, Joseph Wyman, and his son Joseph Jr., who also came from Woburn, obtained several hundred acres in the west end of the township through Wright. They named the new settlement Woburn after their New England home, and brought in other settlers. Woburn was later renamed Billerica (after Billerica, Mass.) and the name was eventually changed to Wyman.
510:& his sons created the Columbia Falls Farm and that is the location where Wright's Town grew up. In 1810, Philemon Sr. moved to his third home, built on the Columbia Falls Farm, on its 800 acres. He lived in that home until 1818, when he handed it over to his son Ruggles, along with the reins of all of the family's Chaudière operations. Eventually this property was purchased by E.B.Eddy and he tore down the Wright home and built a mansion named "Standish Hall". That 1st mansion burnt down in 1900 and he built another that ultimately became the very popular Hotel in Hull by the same name, where Louis Armstrong and many big bands came to play. Philemon's 4th home was built just west of the Standish Hall near the Chaudière Falls and was a grand home he named "The White House". The White House closely resembled the Wright Farm home in Winchester Massachusetts where Wright grew up. Almost a perfect copy of Wright's White House can be found at the
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356:, the group arrived on the western shore of the Gatineau River where it meets the Ottawa on March 7, 1800, and began to clear land. At first, their objective was to clear what was needed for homes and farmland for their survival. Two farms, the "Gateno Farm" (1800), as he named it, and the "Columbia Falls Farm" (1801) were the first to be cleared. Then, in 1801, at the foot of the Chaudière Falls, construction began on other enterprises. Wright preferred to call the falls the Columbia Falls, but the name never stuck. The name Columbia, however, was repeatedly used throughout the new settlement: Columbia Pond (now, Leamy Lake), the Columbia farm, the Columbia hotel, and Columbia road (now, St. Joseph blvd.).
506:, the Columbia Falls Farm (at Wright's village), The Columbia Farm (Chelsea Rd.), The Dalhousie Farm (by Leamy Lake), the Britannia Farm (on the Britannia Turnpyke), the Chaudière Farm (where Aylmer began), the second Gatteno Farm (east side of the Gatineau) and the Onslow farm (Township of Onslow). In fact, Wright's agricultural community, at the time of his death in 1839, was the most developed of Lower Canada. From Onslow Township (present-day Wyman) to present-day Buckingham, Philemon Wright owned 36,978.5 acres (over 150 km) The fame of Hull as an agricultural community in Canada, the US and Britain was well deserved.
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needs. When a fire burned down the smithy, he rebuilt it in stone, adding a trip hammer mill, four forges and four bellows operated hydraulically. He built a large bakehouse, shops for a shoemaker, a tailor, a bark grinding mill, as well as a tannery for curing leather. Always the opportunist, he also saw to it that a brewery and distillery were operating to slake the thirsts of the many employees he employed. Before long, he and his wife
Abigail also saw to it that there was a teacher to teach all of the children in the community.
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Thomas
Brigham, who had married Philemon Sr.'s daughter, Abigail. The Britannia Farm, on the road leading to Aylmer, was owned by Philemon Jr. as was the Dalhousie Farm, south of what is now Leamy Lake. The Britannia Farm is now the site of the Royal Ottawa Golf Club, the Champlain & Château Cartier golf clubs. A farm at Lac Deschênes in Aylmer, called the Chaudière Farm, was established in 1818 by Philemon Jr. also a store and Inn was built at the landing.
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384:. He built the first raft at the mouth of the Gatineau River. Then, on June 11, 1806, he, his 17 yr-old son Tiberius and just 3 other men (London Oxford, a free black man & friend/associate of Philemon, Martin Ebert, and John Turner) began the treacherous journey down the Grand (Ottawa) River. Despite taking two months and encountering many hurdles he reached Quebec on August 12, and sold his 700 logs and 6000 barrel staves. The
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819:, Three Years in Canada an Account of the Actual State of the Country in 1826-7-8, Comprehending its Resources, Productions, Improvements, and Capabilities; and Including Sketches of the State of Society, Advice to Emigrants, &c. in two Volumes. Vol I & Vol. II, London: Henry Colburn, New Burlington Street. 1829, pg 269
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disastrous fire in May 1808, the village was practically wiped out. A despondent Wright was ready to abandon the venture and possibly would have, if not for the encouragement he received from his sons
Philemon Jr. and Tiberius to rebuild. They rebuilt the grist, hemp, sawmills, and a larger foundry within 6 months.
284:, into the family of Thomas Wright and Elizabeth Chandler, a large and prosperous Woburn family that had been among the town's founders, 120 years before. Philemon Wright was raised as a farmer. At the young age of 16, he was thrust into service for two years with the rebel forces in the first years of the
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After
Philemon Jr.'s tragic death in a stagecoach accident on Dec. 5th, 1821, Philemon Jr.s' heirs ended up losing ownership of the Britannia Farm and only retained ownership of the Gatteno Farm because of some dubious paperwork that Wright Sr. had fabricated. He confessed to this in a codicil to his
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who married
Erexina Wright, the daughter of Sarah and Philemon Wright Jr. The Columbia Farm of 800 acres (3.2 km) was located at the junction of what would be the Brigham Road (now Gamelin) and Columbia Road (now boul. St. Joseph), and was operated first by Philemon Jr., then eventually owned by
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The
Gatteno Farm was the site of the original clearing by the Wright expedition in 1800, where stood Philemon Wright's first cabin he affectionately called "The Wigwam". His second home, a bigger home with a stone foundation, was built just north of the Wigwam. In 1801, at the Chaudière Falls, Wright
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cattle to the Ottawa Valley. In 1813, Wright sold 3,000 bushels of wheat in Quebec for $ 3.00 a bushel (this astronomically high price courtesy of the War of 1812). By 1823, the Wright family had created several large and lucrative farms, some of which covered most of the land occupied by present-day
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Interesting research through the years has established that through his own family and that of his wife, Abigail, Philemon Wright's family members are related to every
President of the United States with the exception of Martin Van Buren and Donald Trump, and also related to the English Royal family
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Wright's settlement quickly became Wright's Town with the shops, mills and other enterprises that were built so that the small community would not be dependent on the expensive practice of importing goods from
Montreal. Wright built a lumber mill, a hemp and grist mill and a smithy to fulfill their
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By 1820, Wright's Town was properly established. The population was 703, all either native New
Englanders or first-generation Canadians. There were five mills, four stores, three schools, two hotels, two distilleries, and a brewery. For livestock, the count was 123 horses, 418 oxen, 503 cows, 505
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Despite his many achievements, he and his community faced near bankruptcy on several occasions, especially because of fluctuating tariffs in the timber industry, later on. His earliest efforts to establish his settlement almost exhausted his entire capital and then, when his town was ravaged by a
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The process was long and difficult and by 1806 Wright had nearly exhausted his original capital of $ 20,000. In an effort to earn money and in order to keep his workers busy in the wintertime, he began the cutting of timber. Then, he attempted what was then thought impossible: to build a raft of
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Appendix to the XXXIIIIRD Volume of the
Journals of the House of Assembly of the Province of Lower-Canada. Fourth Session of the Eleventh Provincial Parliament; Sketch of the First Settlement on the Ottawa or Grand River; The Committee having requested from P. WRIGHT;
532:, who was then in the employ of P. Wright & Sons. Sparks would become a wealthy landowner & politician in the future Bytown. In 1822, Philemon Sr. gave the Chaudière Farms to Tiberius and Ruggles, and in 1823, he put the Chaudière Farm under the supervision of
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in Ottawa and given that Braddish Billings started his career in the employ of Wright, it may be no surprise that Billing's "grand, genteel" home, as he called it, would have been modeled after The Squire's, as Philemon was often referred to by his friends.
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When Philemon Sr. moved to the Columbia Falls Farm in 1810, the Gatteno farm was put in the hands of Philemon Jr. and Sarah Wright, where Sarah, principally, raised animals and operated a distillery. It eventually ended up in the hands of
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rivers, where he found thousands of acres of good soil and vast amounts of timber. He applied for the lands of the Township of Hull under the "leader and associates" regime and after swearing allegiance to the Crown, received the grant.
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He founded several companies, among them a limestone quarry for building-stone and producing cement, The Hull Mining Company and P. Wright & Sons which, in particular, made him a great deal of money exporting timber, during the
307:. Philemon and Abigail would have a large family of 8 children. Their children (ages listed as of 1800, when they arrived in Hull Township) were: Philemon Jr., 18; Tiberius, 13; Abigail (Nabby, who died at 7 yrs.); Mary (Polly) 10;
407:, the Royal Engineer in charge of the construction of the Rideau Canal and a contemporary of Philemon Wright, Wright should also be credited with having been the person who first suggested the building of the
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settlers to come north with him. He sold his holdings in Woburn and led a group of 4 other families and 33 labouring men to the area, leaving on February 2, 1800, at the age of 39. With the help of a native
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Wright died on June 3, 1839, in Wright's Town, and is buried in St. James Anglican Cemetery, Gatineau (Hull Sector). He was survived by a large family, including his son Ruggles Wright who invented the
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As a pioneer and an entrepreneur, Wright had few equals. He was the point man for every builder, land speculator and government project in the region. According to
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Although he and his family spent their lives as lumber barons, Philemon Wright was always a farmer at heart. He was a strong advocate for "scientific farming" and
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is described as “...measuring 125 feet on the deck, by 23 feet beam, drawing but little water, carrying 150 tons, and propelled by a 28-horsepower engine.”
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would inherit. By 1823, nearly 800 acres (3.2 km) at this farm had been cleared. It occupied the site of the current Collège St-Alexandre in Limbour.
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in 1829, which allowed logs to be transported over the falls without having to use the previous method of waiting for calm water, which could take weeks.
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The Wrights. A Genealogical Study of the First Settlers in Canada's National Capital Region, Patrick M. O. Evans, National Capital Commission, pg 169
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in 1796, returned again in 1798, and once more in 1799. He finally decided that the best location for a new settlement would be next to the
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Aldred, Diane. Aylmer, Québec - Son Patrimoine-Its Heritage. l'Association du Patrimoine d'Aylmer/The Aylmer Heritage Association, pg. 6.
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The Famous Township of Hull, Image and Aspirations of a Pioneer Quebec Community, Bruce S. Elliot, Social History, 12, 1979, pg. 348
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At the end of his life, Philemon Sr. retired to another farm, this time in Onslow Township, Lower Canada (now the province of
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On May 16, 1782, Philemon Wright married Abigail Wyman, a Woburn woman whose ancestors were among the founding families of
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B. S. Elliott, "‘The famous township of Hull’: image and aspirations of a pioneer Quebec community," SH, 12 (1979): pg 365
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Feeling the strain of overpopulation in Massachusetts, Wright first came to see the isolated and unsettled area of the
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scout, who volunteered to help the group negotiate the treacherous voyage over ice from Kinodjiwan or Long-Sault at
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Philemon Wright ou Colonisation et Commerce de Bois, Joseph Tassé, Des Presses à Vapeur de la Minèrve, 1871, pg. 57
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Woods Jr., Shirley E. (1980). Ottawa, the Capital of Canada. Toronto: Doubleday. p. 24. ISBN 0-385-14722-8
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on June 17, 1775. Nicknamed "the Old Squire" by his employees and friends, Wright was once described by
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248:(September 3, 1760 – June 3, 1839) was a farmer, lumberman and entrepreneur who founded the
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Journals of the House of Assembly of Lower Canada, from the 7th January to the 18th March, 1834
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https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1796672593680853&set=p.1796672593680853&type=3
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as "about six feet high, a tight man, with a wonderfully strange, quick reflective wild eye”.
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timber methods, and armed with this knowledge, returned home and constructed the first ever
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Brault, Lucien. Hull 1800-1950. Ottawa: Les Éditions de l'Université d'Ottawa, 1950, pg. 31
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Brault, Lucien. Hull 1800-1950. Ottawa: Les Éditions de l'Université d'Ottawa, 1950, pg. 26
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Brault, Lucien. Hull 1800-1950. Ottawa: Les Éditions de l'Université d'Ottawa, 1950, pg. 30
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Brault, Lucien. Hull 1800-1950. Ottawa: Les Éditions de l'Université d'Ottawa, 1950, pg. 32
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Brault, Lucien. Hull 1800-1950. Ottawa: Les Éditions de l'Université d'Ottawa, 1950, pg. 28
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Philemon Wright (1760-1839); Article on Outaouais Heritage WebMagazine by Bruce S. Elliott
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Philemon Wright is regarded as the founder of both the cities of Ottawa and of Gatineau.
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Will, dated 1838. In 1826, Philemon Jr.'s widow, Sarah (Sally) Olmstead Wright, married
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The memorial headstone of Philemon and Abigail Wright in St. James Cemetery, Hull, Qc.
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in 1806. He was also founder of what he named Columbia Falls Village, mostly known as
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Born and died a British subject (55 years); (An American from 1776-1800; 24 years)
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in 1830 and he and his settlement both saw great success. He voted against the
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Tiberius Wright established the (second) Gatteno Farm in 1816, which his son
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Philemon Wright, a Yankee who helped build Canada. Bytown pamphlet series.
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Ottawa Titans, L.D. Cross, Altitude Publishing Canada Ltd., 2004, pg. 26
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In 1819, Wright established the first passenger ship service on the
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Wright used his natural leadership abilities to convince a group of
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Wright Papers, Library & Archives Canada, Vol. 126, p. 66568
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Dictionnaire des parlementaires du Québec de 1792 à nos jours
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Hull & Aylmer. These included the Gatteno Farm near
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974:"Braddish Billings, 1783-1864 | City of Ottawa"
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Members of the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada
1082:, Ottawa, Ontario: The Historical Society of Ottawa
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1219:Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada)
1040:"Map of the Provinces of Lower & Upper Canada"
327:, near the intersection of the Tenàgàtino-sibi or
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430:to construct a steamboat, which resulted in the
888:. Ottawa: Haig and Haig Publishers. p. 54.
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396:when Britain was cut off from its traditional
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1091:, Gatineau, Quebec: Dadson Lane Productions,
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1089:Walking in the Footsteps of Philemon Wright.
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1155:(Philemon Wright and family fonds, R4074)
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653:. Toronto: Doubleday. p. 18.
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1132:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
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886:Ottawa, City of the Big Ears
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633:Ottawa, City of the Big Ears
530:Nicholas Sparks (politician)
445:traveled to Europe to learn
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576:Philemon Wright High School
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1157:are held at
1139:. 1979–2016.
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1071:Bibliography
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982:. Retrieved
978:the original
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174:Mary (Polly)
165:Philemon Jr.
110:(1839-06-03)
108:June 3, 1839
59:
52:Lower Canada
37:
18:
1179:1839 deaths
1174:1760 births
1114:"Biography"
1026:"Qohistory"
400:suppliers.
388:had begun.
378:Quebec City
121:Nationality
1168:Categories
984:2016-02-08
591:References
504:Leamy Lake
214:Occupation
188:Christiana
84:1760-09-03
346:Algonquin
276:Biography
228:Signature
204:Residence
196:Parent(s)
64:1830–1834
60:In office
350:Carillon
329:Gatineau
168:Tiberius
159:Children
382:Britain
309:Ruggles
182:Abigail
178:Ruggles
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424:Packet
374:timber
333:Ottawa
305:Boston
262:Canada
218:Farmer
147:
129:Spouse
495:Devon
436:Union
143:(
139:
1093:ISBN
908:ISBN
860:ISBN
798:ISBN
773:ISBN
754:1824
733:ISBN
696:ISBN
655:ISBN
497:and
149:1782
105:Died
78:Born
260:of
1170::
1116:.
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145:m.
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86:)
82:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
