1261:
2054:
resources and population, from which four principalities emerged: Ynys MĂ´n for
Gwynedd, the Severn river valley for Powys, the Vale for Glamorgan and the lands up to the Wye (Morgannwg), and the Ystrad Tywi (Valley of the Tywi) for Deheubarth. Rhodri the Great inherited Gwynedd from his father and Powys through his mother, and married Angharad of Seisyllwg (Ceredigion and Carmarthenshire) and ruling there by right of his wife. Rhodri exerted great influence in the rest of Wales as well, and after his death his realms were divided amongst his sons. Nevertheless, the
2040:). After that, Kilimanjaro was included in the governing structure, and the "chiefs" authority was constrained accordingly. From 1886 to 1916, Kilimanjaro was governed by the Germans as part of German East Africa. From 1916 to 1961, it was governed by the British as a part of the territory that had been renamed Tanganyika. In December 1961, it was incorporated into the independent sovereign state of Tanganyika. However, as of 1899, there were 37 Kingdoms atop the mountain, according to August Windenmann, a German surgeon stationed at Moshi in the 1890s.
25:
1428:
1364:
1300:
1412:
1316:
1588:
1508:
1444:
1332:
1348:
1540:
1460:
1284:
1268:
1572:
1556:
1524:
1492:
1396:
1476:
1380:
2053:
contributed to a strong sense of localism and autonomy, though the Welsh people shared a deeply felt sentiment of nationality, as reflected in Welsh law codified in the 10th century. According to historian
Professor John Davies, there are four geographic regions more or less equal in terms of
2048:
Rarely has the country of Wales formed one cohesive kingdom. For the greater part of its history, Wales evolved into four kingdoms, or principalities, following the Roman withdrawal from
Britain in the 5th century. Mountainous terrain, forested river valleys, and remote upland
2376:
It is hard, in fact, even to find a satisfactory terminology for the political units we can imagine the early Anglo-Saxons to have had. Tribe, petty kingdom and kingdom are the terms most commonly used.
782:
who did not rule all of
Ireland but were recognised as holding positions of authority over the other kings. These two titles were not mutually exclusive and were often held by the same individual.
835:. The territories and hierarchy of all of these constantly shifted as old dynasties died and new ones formed, and as lower kings took higher positions. Many of these
409:
Prior to the arrival of the Angles, Saxons and Jutes (the later Anglo-Saxons) what is now
England was ruled by numerous Brittonic kings, which are discussed under
2032:. The mountain was divided into kingdoms, which the British authority ultimately degraded to chiefdoms and which, by 1886, were governed by sovereign independent
1013:
In addition to the Irish petty kingdoms, there was a Norse presence on the island from the 9th century. They conquered Dublin, where they established the
1037:
which was centred on modern York, England. The Norse also controlled several other coastal settlements, including
Wexford, Waterford, Cork and Limerick.
2062:, claimed overlordship over the whole of Wales, though they would encounter resistance by junior dynasts of Dinefwr. It would not be until the 1216
301:(and much more) in his 1534 campaign. Many of the former Anatolian beyliks became the basis for administrative subdivisions in the Ottoman Empire.
153:
in the 16th century). Alternatively, a petty kingdom would be a minor kingdom in the immediate vicinity of larger kingdoms, such as the medieval
850:
Several of the regional kings were at various points independent of their provincial over-king and indeed rivalled them in power and territory.
2090:
2082:
277:
who conquered their lands and re-assured a homogeneous rule in
Anatolia. The further steps towards a single rule by the Ottomans were taken by
2523:
2138:
it by right of his wife on her behalf, and incorporated it into his kingdom. Later, Angharad and Rhodri gave
Seisyllwg to their second son
1895:(formed from the union of Bernicia with the more southerly Deira; later controlled territory further west upon the incorporation of Rheged)
2252:, which became part of Scotland in around the 11th century, most of these had been absorbed into Anglo-Saxon kingdoms by the 8th century.
586:
521:
remained independent throughout most of the period of consolidation, except for a period of 60 years (1580–1640) when it was part of the
440:. Over time, these consolidated into two "Crowns" that were themselves unified in the late 15th and early 16th centuries to the unified
1603:
566:
562:
432:
There were various
Christian petty kingdoms as well on the peninsula that, in the Middle Ages, consolidated into the modern states of
2450:
1252:
314:
1260:
2389:
2238:
There existed other
Brittonic petty kingdoms outside modern Wales and the North West of England. These are collectively known as
2016:
Chagga Kingdoms, also historically referred to as the Chaggaland, were a pre-colonial series of a Bantu sovereign states of the
2460:
2433:
2399:
89:
1514:
61:
2357:
1617:
and can be divided into culture groups, over whether they were predominantly Malay, Indianized, Sinified or Islamized.
323:
was established as a united entity, there were various kingdoms in the area—of which the main seven were known as the
2369:
108:
68:
2516:
1179:
269:
re-incorporated most of these beyliks into Ottoman territory in a space of around 25 years. The final blow for the
2653:
2310:
169:
1998:
and even southern Norway. This probably reflects the volatile politics of Iron Age Scandinavia. The province of
982:
in Scotland but originated in and initially extended into north-eastern Ireland and was (nominally) subject to
75:
46:
42:
2467:
S Britain (except Wales and Strathclyde) divided into a number of petty kingdoms incl. the so-called Heptarchy
2501:
154:
1983:
399:
57:
2509:
1715:
1700:
1607:
Locations of pre-colonial principalities, polities, kingdoms and sultanates in the Philippine archipelago
186:
294:
2557:
1624:
1530:
348:
146:
1986:
and the modern traditional provinces. According to the sagas, the folklands and provinces of eastern
1729:
1482:
496:
224:
are generally not considered to be petty kingdoms since they were at least nominally subject to the
2648:
1747:
1710:
1434:
1094:
691:
339:(which also extended into present-day Scotland and originally formed from the earlier kingdoms of
134:
2597:
1969:
1828:
251:
250:
at the end of the 11th century in a first period, and more extensively during the decline of the
35:
2592:
2142:
to rule as a vassal and appendage of Gwynedd. Cadell founded the Dinefwr dynasty of Deheubarth.
2002:
once consisted of several petty kingdoms; indeed, the name SmĂĄland means small lands/countries.
860:
was originally part of Connacht but much of it lay in what is today Ulster. It later split into
631:
gives a seemingly idealized division of kingdoms. The island is traditionally divided into five
2275:
1793:
1034:
889:
882:
395:
677:
511:
Several other territories outside Iberia, mostly in other parts of the Mediterranean countries
2127:
2117:
1926:
1354:
2617:
2305:
2202:
1931:
1743:
1306:
1290:
1046:
767:
632:
481:
Several other territories outside Iberia, mostly in the Americas and central Atlantic Ocean
209:
82:
8:
2602:
2582:
2290:, located in modern North East England. Later became the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Bernicia.
2134:. In 871, Princess Angharad inherited Seisyllwg, and her husband Rhodri of Gwynedd-Powys
2063:
1683:
1629:
1594:
1418:
1322:
557:
534:
518:
501:
425:
were the various Islamic petty kingdoms that existed in Iberia after the collapse of the
213:
158:
138:
2278:
or Strathclyde, located mainly in modern South West Scotland but extending into Cumbria.
129:
described as minor or "petty" (from the French 'petit' meaning small) by contrast to an
2627:
2532:
2101:
2074:
2067:
2055:
2025:
1634:
1578:
1004:
994:
506:
471:
461:
456:
376:
320:
225:
162:
150:
142:
466:
2612:
2456:
2429:
2395:
2365:
2021:
1954:
1705:
1678:
1450:
1338:
1014:
491:
426:
360:
237:
221:
189:
1739:
793:
or 'king of over-kings') was himself an over-king of several regional kings (titled
406:
Danish Mercia). They also controlled the Kingdom of East Anglia during this period.
2536:
2391:
A History of the English Parish: The Culture of Religion from Augustine to Victoria
2212:
2165:
2157:
2139:
2059:
2037:
1982:
was divided into more-or-less independent units in some areas corresponding to the
1774:
1673:
844:
451:
441:
380:
368:
205:
182:
2567:
2423:
2160:, a petty kingdom between c. 410–920, merged into Deheubarth through inheritance.
1910:
1841:
1078:
1062:
979:
486:
364:
1953:
were also Norse-ruled but were generally subject to Norway and/or Scotland (see
865:
861:
2622:
2587:
2336:
2331:
2315:
1942:
1876:
1822:
1614:
1074:
1054:
538:
258:
193:
2531:
2642:
2017:
2011:
1991:
1070:
779:
628:
522:
197:
2284:. Anglo-Saxon kingdom in modern Yorkshire believed to be of Brittonic origin
1889:(also extended into modern England; conquered the former Gododdin territory)
1124:
2175:
1144:
1114:
1050:
740:
384:
217:
1906:
1219:
975:
872:
242:
Beyliks were small Turkish principalities (or petty kingdoms) governed by
2170:
2150:
2135:
2131:
1922:
1892:
1880:
1755:
1613:
The Pre-colonial petty kingdoms of the Philippines were locally known as
1058:
336:
286:
1995:
1204:
1154:
990:. In the 12th century Munster was split into two smaller over-kingdoms:
371:. Other small Anglo-Saxon kingdoms existed at various points, including
2242:
2195:
2145:
2113:
2096:
1975:
1845:
1782:
1234:
771:
282:
270:
2358:"Cultural Change and Social Organisation in Early Anglo-Saxon England"
1999:
854:
2552:
2547:
2320:
2207:
2123:
2106:
1950:
1918:
1174:
1139:
1129:
775:
744:
618:
391:(Isle of Wight). These are commonly referred to as "petty kingdoms".
324:
310:
274:
212:
into larger monarchies, but the ruling families were not considered
24:
2607:
2300:
2287:
2269:
2226:
2185:
2050:
2029:
1987:
1886:
1817:
1788:
1767:
1751:
1688:
1646:
1546:
1370:
1224:
1209:
1184:
1164:
1149:
1119:
1109:
720:
684:
625:
614:
594:
574:
475:
437:
388:
344:
266:
262:
247:
126:
1199:
813:
394:
During the 9th and 10th centuries, the Norse also established the
133:
or unified kingdom that either preceded or succeeded it (e.g. the
2562:
1994:. Moreover, the domains of this king could also include parts of
1812:
1806:
1778:
1746:(Dioclea, corresponding to portions of contemporary Montenegro),
1466:
1229:
1189:
1169:
1159:
1134:
944:
698:
610:
582:
552:
548:
356:
352:
290:
278:
201:
2572:
2326:
2256:
2217:
2190:
2180:
2070:
would be able to secure their position as Prince of the Welsh.
1979:
1864:
1832:
1798:
1735:
1661:
1656:
1562:
1498:
1402:
1274:
713:
662:
602:
590:
578:
570:
372:
332:
328:
298:
174:
130:
297:
who more or less completely united the present territories of
2281:
2262:
1900:
1214:
1104:
655:
606:
598:
544:
433:
422:
340:
978:
was also an Irish (sub-)kingdom, which mostly lay in modern
2577:
1851:
1651:
1386:
1239:
1194:
1033:), which at various points was closely tied with the Norse
734:
763:) in the centre/east, ceased to exist in the Middle Ages.
2362:
After Empire: Towards an Ethnology of Europe's Barbarians
1770:
before its unification. They can be grouped by language:
888:(also known as the Northern UĂ NĂ©ill, in contrast to the
243:
2323:, for an account of what it was like to be a petty ruler
1738:
comprised, at various time periods, smaller kingdoms of
1027:
984:
968:
960:
952:
942:
934:
918:
910:
902:
894:
880:
870:
852:
837:
829:
821:
811:
803:
795:
787:
732:
711:
689:
653:
637:
1913:
but originated in and initially extended into Ireland)
2491:
Bruford, "What happened to the Caledonians", Watson,
2425:
Visualizing Ancestry in the High and Late Middle Ages
2449:Hopkins, Daniel J.; Staff, Merriam-webster (1997).
2116:920-1116 (merged with Gwynedd to form the de facto
2077:5th century–1282 (conquest by Edward I of England)
1099:The petty kingdoms of Norway numbered at least 28:
774:, much like the British High Kings and Anglo-Saxon
739:(whose name has survived in the modern counties of
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
216:for marriage considerations, and ranked equal to
2640:
1427:
351:(formed from the union of the early kingdoms of
1019:
2126:, a petty kingdom from 680 to 920, comprising
2091:Culture of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages
2083:History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages
2058:of Gwynedd, as the senior line descendants of
974:and was controlled by both at various points.
2517:
2259:, located mainly in modern Northern England.
1363:
766:At various points in history there existed a
474:(a portion remained independent north of the
2448:
1854:, known to this day as 'the Kingdom of Fife'
1299:
785:Each of the kings of these kingdoms (titled
254:during the second half of the 13th century.
220:in society. The various small states of the
2428:. Cambridge University Press. p. 121.
2240:
1411:
1315:
1002:
992:
926:
757:
749:
725:
703:
675:
667:
645:
561:, written in the 2nd century. He names the
2524:
2510:
2394:. Cambridge University Press. p. 17.
2388:Pounds, N. J. G.; G, Pounds N. J. (2000).
2355:
2248:or 'the Old North'. With the exception of
1587:
1507:
2452:Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary
1938:; also the Kingdom of Mann and the Isles)
1443:
1331:
1053:there were dozens of petty kingdoms. The
315:List of Anglo-Saxon monarchs and kingdoms
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
2478:Forsyth, "Lost Pictish Source", Watson,
2421:
731:) in the south east. The fifth kingdom,
289:in 1515 during his campaign against the
208:, many of these principalities had been
2387:
1000:(Desmond, literally South Munster) and
165:or the Viking kingdoms of Scandinavia.
2641:
2229:(Located in modern South West England)
1990:were united under the Swedish king at
1754:(roughly corresponding to present-day
2505:
2422:Holladay, Joan A. (17 January 2019).
1253:History of the Philippines (900–1565)
403:
145:in the 10th century, or the numerous
2364:. Boydell & Brewer. p. 82.
2349:
1716:Confederation of Sultanates in Lanao
1010:(Thomond, literally North Munster).
770:, who ruled over the other kings as
416:
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
1801:(also extended into modern England)
16:Minor kingdom near a larger kingdom
13:
1766:There were many petty kingdoms in
1347:
809:), who in turn ruled over several
14:
2665:
2455:. Merriam-Webster. p. 1223.
1586:
1570:
1554:
1539:
1538:
1522:
1506:
1490:
1474:
1458:
1442:
1426:
1410:
1394:
1378:
1362:
1346:
1330:
1314:
1298:
1282:
1266:
1259:
950:(Ossory) was originally part of
651:), four of which survive today:
192:petty kingdoms had evolved into
23:
2311:Kingdoms in pre-colonial Africa
1758:and some of its surroundings).
1459:
1283:
543:The earliest known kingdoms or
261:quickly collected itself under
172:, petty kingdoms were known as
170:Southeast Asian political model
34:needs additional citations for
2485:
2472:
2442:
2415:
2381:
2066:that the Aberffraw line under
1571:
1555:
1523:
1491:
1395:
1267:
1246:
1073:region to the east was called
819:, whose rulers held the title
1:
2360:. In Ausenda, Giorgio (ed.).
2342:
2272:, located in modern Scotland.
2233:
1840:, perhaps situated in modern
1475:
1069:), i.e. 22 Kingdoms, and the
398:centred around York, and the
281:who conquered territories of
155:Kingdom of Mann and the Isles
1379:
916:, both meaning "the North";
400:Five Boroughs of the Danelaw
246:, which were founded across
157:relative to the kingdoms of
7:
2294:
2005:
1761:
478:before merging with France)
231:
228:and not fully independent.
10:
2670:
2009:
1967:
1727:
1250:
1092:
532:
528:
410:
308:
304:
235:
147:Gaelic kingdoms of Ireland
2543:
1963:
1730:Serbia in the Middle Ages
1723:
1088:
1082:
1066:
932:) were nominally part of
709:) in the south west, and
497:Principality of Catalonia
168:In the parallel mainland
2043:
1857:Fidach, location unknown
1711:Sultanate of Maguindanao
1435:Sultanate of Maguindanao
1095:Petty kingdoms of Norway
1040:
843:survived as later Irish
601:nation or Uluti tribe),
295:SĂĽleyman the Magnificent
2535:established around the
2024:in modern-day northern
1970:Consolidation of Sweden
1946:
1935:
1827:Ce, situated in modern
1028:
1020:
985:
969:
961:
953:
943:
935:
919:
911:
903:
895:
881:
871:
853:
838:
830:
822:
812:
804:
796:
788:
733:
712:
690:
654:
638:
635:or "fifths" (Old Irish
379:(which survived as the
252:Seljuq Sultanate of Rum
2654:Political anthropology
2241:
1978:, and modern history,
1057:region was called the
1003:
993:
927:
758:
750:
726:
704:
676:
668:
646:
2118:Principality of Wales
2010:Further information:
1968:Further information:
1927:Scandinavian Scotland
1689:Rajahnate of Sanmalan
1371:Rajahnate of Sanmalan
1085:), i.e. 24 Kingdoms.
778:. There also existed
621:tribes and kingdoms.
236:Further information:
2593:Kingdom of the Aurès
2553:Anglo-Saxon kingdoms
2495:, pp. 108–113.
2482:, pp. 108–109.
2306:Feudal fragmentation
1932:Kingdom of the Isles
1701:Rajahnate of Maynila
1604:class=notpageimage|
1307:Kedatuan of Madja-as
1047:unification of Nepal
768:High King of Ireland
427:Caliphate of Cordoba
43:improve this article
2603:Ostrogothic kingdom
2356:John Hines (2003).
2064:Council of Aberdyfi
1684:Rajahnate of Butuan
1647:Kingdom of Caboloan
1630:Kedatuan of Dapitan
1419:Kedatuan of Dapitan
1323:Rajahnate of Butuan
678:CĂłiced Ol nEchmacht
597:(identified as the
551:are referred to in
535:Kingdoms of Ireland
519:Kingdom of Portugal
502:Kingdom of Valencia
139:Anglo-Saxon England
2628:Visigothic kingdom
2588:Kingdom of Odoacer
2558:Burgundian kingdom
2548:Alamannian kingdom
2533:Barbarian kingdoms
2493:Celtic Place Names
2480:Celtic Place Names
2068:Llywelyn the Great
2056:House of Aberffraw
2026:Kilimanjaro Region
1635:Kingdom of Namayan
1595:Chiefdom of Taytay
1515:Sultanate of Lanao
958:, but lay between
507:Kingdom of Majorca
472:Kingdom of Navarre
462:Kingdom of Galicia
457:Kingdom of Castile
321:Kingdom of England
226:Holy Roman Emperor
204:. By the European
151:Kingdom of Ireland
143:Kingdom of England
2636:
2635:
2613:Sub-Roman Britain
2583:Kingdom of Altava
2462:978-0-87779-546-9
2435:978-1-108-47018-6
2401:978-0-521-63351-2
2022:Mount Kilimanjaro
1974:According to the
1955:Earldom of Orkney
1750:and the duchy of
1706:Sultanate of Sulu
1679:Rajahnate of Cebu
1451:Rajahnate of Cebu
1339:Sultanate of Sulu
1035:Kingdom of JĂłrvĂk
1015:Kingdom of Dublin
890:Southern UĂ NĂ©ill
492:Kingdom of Aragon
417:Iberian Peninsula
396:Kingdom of JĂłrvĂk
238:Anatolian beyliks
222:Holy Roman Empire
190:Early Middle Ages
141:unified into the
135:numerous kingdoms
119:
118:
111:
93:
2661:
2563:Frankish kingdom
2537:Migration Period
2526:
2519:
2512:
2503:
2502:
2496:
2489:
2483:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2446:
2440:
2439:
2419:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2353:
2246:
2140:Cadell ap Rhodri
2060:Rhodri the Great
1850:Fib, the modern
1674:Kingdom of Tondo
1657:Nation of Sandao
1625:Polity of Cainta
1590:
1589:
1574:
1573:
1558:
1557:
1542:
1541:
1526:
1525:
1510:
1509:
1494:
1493:
1478:
1477:
1462:
1461:
1446:
1445:
1430:
1429:
1414:
1413:
1398:
1397:
1382:
1381:
1366:
1365:
1350:
1349:
1334:
1333:
1318:
1317:
1302:
1301:
1286:
1285:
1270:
1269:
1263:
1084:
1068:
1031:
1023:
1008:
998:
988:
972:
964:
956:
948:
938:
930:
922:
914:
906:
898:
886:
876:
858:
841:
833:
825:
817:
807:
799:
791:
761:
753:
738:
729:
717:
707:
695:
681:
673:) in the north,
671:
659:
649:
641:
452:Crown of Castile
442:Kingdom of Spain
405:
381:Parts of Lindsey
206:Early Modern era
183:High Middle Ages
181:By the European
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
2669:
2668:
2664:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2659:
2658:
2649:Former kingdoms
2639:
2638:
2637:
2632:
2618:Suebian kingdom
2598:Lombard kingdom
2568:Frisian kingdom
2539:
2530:
2500:
2499:
2490:
2486:
2477:
2473:
2463:
2447:
2443:
2436:
2420:
2416:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2386:
2382:
2372:
2354:
2350:
2345:
2297:
2236:
2046:
2014:
2008:
1972:
1966:
1911:Argyll and Bute
1909:(mostly modern
1764:
1732:
1726:
1662:State of Pulilu
1612:
1610:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1600:
1599:
1598:
1597:
1591:
1583:
1582:
1581:
1575:
1567:
1566:
1565:
1559:
1551:
1550:
1549:
1543:
1535:
1534:
1533:
1527:
1519:
1518:
1517:
1511:
1503:
1502:
1501:
1495:
1487:
1486:
1485:
1479:
1471:
1470:
1469:
1463:
1455:
1454:
1453:
1447:
1439:
1438:
1437:
1431:
1423:
1422:
1421:
1415:
1407:
1406:
1405:
1399:
1391:
1390:
1389:
1383:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1367:
1359:
1358:
1357:
1351:
1343:
1342:
1341:
1335:
1327:
1326:
1325:
1319:
1311:
1310:
1309:
1303:
1295:
1294:
1293:
1287:
1279:
1278:
1277:
1271:
1255:
1249:
1244:
1097:
1091:
1043:
980:Argyll and Bute
747:, modern Irish
723:, modern Irish
701:, modern Irish
687:) in the west,
665:, modern Irish
643:, Modern Irish
541:
533:Main articles:
531:
487:Crown of Aragon
467:Kingdom of LeĂłn
447:These include:
419:
317:
309:Main articles:
307:
240:
234:
115:
104:
98:
95:
58:"Petty kingdom"
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2667:
2657:
2656:
2651:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2630:
2625:
2623:Vandal kingdom
2620:
2615:
2610:
2608:Rugian kingdom
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2544:
2541:
2540:
2529:
2528:
2521:
2514:
2506:
2498:
2497:
2484:
2471:
2461:
2441:
2434:
2414:
2400:
2380:
2370:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2339:
2337:Princely state
2334:
2329:
2324:
2318:
2316:Kleinstaaterei
2313:
2308:
2303:
2296:
2293:
2292:
2291:
2285:
2279:
2273:
2267:
2266:
2265:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2230:
2224:
2223:
2222:
2221:
2220:
2210:
2200:
2199:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2163:
2162:
2161:
2155:
2154:
2153:
2148:
2111:
2110:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2086:
2045:
2042:
2007:
2004:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1960:
1959:
1958:
1943:Northern Isles
1939:
1916:
1915:
1914:
1898:
1897:
1896:
1890:
1874:
1873:
1872:
1858:
1855:
1848:
1835:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1804:
1803:
1802:
1796:
1791:
1763:
1760:
1728:Main article:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1720:
1719:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1694:
1693:
1692:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1667:
1666:
1665:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1652:Nation of Ma-i
1649:
1640:
1639:
1638:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1602:
1601:
1593:
1592:
1585:
1584:
1577:
1576:
1569:
1568:
1561:
1560:
1553:
1552:
1545:
1544:
1537:
1536:
1529:
1528:
1521:
1520:
1513:
1512:
1505:
1504:
1497:
1496:
1489:
1488:
1481:
1480:
1473:
1472:
1465:
1464:
1457:
1456:
1449:
1448:
1441:
1440:
1433:
1432:
1425:
1424:
1417:
1416:
1409:
1408:
1401:
1400:
1393:
1392:
1385:
1384:
1377:
1376:
1369:
1368:
1361:
1360:
1353:
1352:
1345:
1344:
1337:
1336:
1329:
1328:
1321:
1320:
1313:
1312:
1305:
1304:
1297:
1296:
1289:
1288:
1281:
1280:
1273:
1272:
1265:
1264:
1258:
1257:
1256:
1251:Main article:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1101:
1093:Main article:
1090:
1087:
1075:Chaubisi Rajya
1042:
1039:
539:Gaelic Ireland
530:
527:
515:
514:
513:
512:
509:
504:
499:
494:
484:
483:
482:
479:
469:
464:
459:
418:
415:
306:
303:
293:, and his son
273:was struck by
259:Ottoman Empire
233:
230:
218:royal families
194:principalities
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2666:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2578:Hunnic empire
2576:
2574:
2573:Gepid kingdom
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2545:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2527:
2522:
2520:
2515:
2513:
2508:
2507:
2504:
2494:
2488:
2481:
2475:
2468:
2464:
2458:
2454:
2453:
2445:
2437:
2431:
2427:
2426:
2418:
2403:
2397:
2393:
2392:
2384:
2377:
2373:
2371:9780851158532
2367:
2363:
2359:
2352:
2348:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2280:
2277:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2247:
2245:
2244:
2228:
2225:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2205:
2204:
2201:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2167:
2164:
2159:
2156:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2112:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2092:
2087:
2085:
2084:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2052:
2041:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2018:Chagga people
2013:
2012:Chagga states
2003:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1992:Gamla Uppsala
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1971:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1937:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1917:
1912:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1875:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1849:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1759:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1731:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1695:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1668:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1641:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1605:
1596:
1580:
1564:
1548:
1532:
1516:
1500:
1484:
1468:
1452:
1436:
1420:
1404:
1388:
1372:
1356:
1340:
1324:
1308:
1292:
1276:
1262:
1254:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1086:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1030:
1025:, Old Irish:
1024:
1022:
1016:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1006:
1005:Tuadhmhumhain
999:
997:
996:
989:
987:
981:
977:
973:
971:
965:
963:
957:
955:
949:
947:
946:
939:
937:
931:
929:
924:; and Tyrone/
923:
921:
915:
913:
907:
905:
899:
897:
891:
887:
885:
884:
883:Cenél nEógain
877:
875:
874:
867:
863:
859:
857:
856:
848:
846:
842:
840:
834:
832:
826:
824:
818:
816:
815:
808:
806:
800:
798:
792:
790:
783:
781:
780:Kings of Tara
777:
773:
769:
764:
762:
760:
754:
752:
746:
742:
737:
736:
730:
728:
722:
718:
716:
715:
708:
706:
700:
696:
694:
693:
686:
682:
680:
679:
672:
670:
664:
660:
658:
657:
650:
648:
642:
640:
634:
630:
629:pseudohistory
627:
622:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
559:
554:
550:
546:
540:
536:
526:
524:
523:Iberian Union
520:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
489:
488:
485:
480:
477:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
454:
453:
450:
449:
448:
445:
443:
439:
435:
430:
428:
424:
414:
412:
407:
401:
397:
392:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
327:. These were
326:
322:
316:
312:
302:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
255:
253:
249:
245:
239:
229:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
198:grand duchies
195:
191:
188:
184:
179:
177:
176:
171:
166:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
123:petty kingdom
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
2492:
2487:
2479:
2474:
2466:
2451:
2444:
2424:
2417:
2405:. Retrieved
2390:
2383:
2375:
2361:
2351:
2249:
2239:
2237:
2176:Gwrtheyrnion
2136:administered
2088:
2080:
2047:
2033:
2015:
1973:
1945:(Old Norse:
1934:(Old Norse:
1923:Norse-Gaelic
1868:
1860:
1837:
1765:
1733:
1611:
1115:Gudbrandsdal
1098:
1083:चौबिसी राज्य
1051:Shah Dynasty
1044:
1026:
1018:
1017:(Old Norse:
1012:
1001:
995:Deasmhumhain
991:
983:
967:
959:
951:
941:
933:
925:
917:
912:In Tuaiscert
909:
901:
893:
879:
878:(Oriel) and
869:
866:West Bréifne
851:
849:
836:
828:
820:
810:
802:
794:
786:
784:
765:
756:
748:
724:
710:
702:
688:
674:
666:
652:
644:
636:
623:
556:
542:
516:
446:
431:
420:
408:
393:
385:Lincolnshire
318:
265:and his son
256:
241:
180:
173:
167:
122:
120:
105:
99:January 2019
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2276:Ystrad Clut
2250:Ystrad Clut
2171:Brycheiniog
2151:Ystrad Tywi
2132:Ystrad Tywi
1976:Norse sagas
1925:; see also
1893:Northumbria
1881:Anglo-Saxon
1794:Strathclyde
1756:Herzegovina
1670:Indianized
1247:Philippines
1067:बाइसे राज्य
1059:Baise Rajya
1045:Before the
928:TĂr Eoghain
705:an Mhumhain
349:East Anglia
337:Northumbria
319:Before the
287:Dulkadirids
2643:Categories
2343:References
2243:Hen Ogledd
2234:Hen Ogledd
2196:Maelienydd
2146:Ceredigion
2128:Ceredigion
2114:Deheubarth
2097:Meirionydd
2036:(kings in
1947:NorĂ°reyjar
1846:the Mearns
1783:Hen Ogledd
1355:Kumalarang
1235:Vingulmark
1125:HĂĄlogaland
892:who ruled
831:ri tuaithe
789:rĂ ruirech
387:) and the
283:Ramadanids
271:Karamanids
214:morganatic
210:mediatized
187:post-Roman
69:newspapers
2332:Barangays
2321:Lehnsmann
2208:Glywysing
2203:Morgannwg
2124:Seisyllwg
2107:Edeyrnion
2089:See also
2081:See also
1984:folklands
1951:Caithness
1936:SuĂ°reyjar
1919:Old Norse
1907:Dál Riata
1869:Ath-Fotla
1863:, modern
1775:Brittonic
1734:Medieval
1643:Sinified
1615:Barangays
1220:Trøndelag
1180:Ringerike
1175:Raumarike
1140:Hordaland
1130:Hardanger
1029:Duibhlinn
976:Dál Riata
904:In Fochla
873:AirgĂalla
797:rĂ buiden
776:Bretwalda
759:an IarmhĂ
745:Westmeath
633:provinces
619:Brigantes
587:Vellabori
558:Geography
429:in 1031.
325:heptarchy
311:Heptarchy
275:Mehmed II
2301:Chiefdom
2295:See also
2288:Bryneich
2270:Gododdin
2227:Dumnonia
2186:Pengwern
2038:Kichagga
2030:Tanzania
2006:Tanzania
1996:Götaland
1988:Svealand
1887:Bernicia
1818:Pictavia
1789:Gododdin
1768:Scotland
1762:Scotland
1697:Islamic
1547:Caboloan
1225:Vestfold
1210:Telemark
1205:Sunnmøre
1185:Rogaland
1165:Orkdalen
1155:Nordmøre
1150:Namdalen
1120:Hadeland
1110:Grenland
845:baronies
805:rĂ tuath
772:suzerain
721:Leinster
685:Connacht
626:medieval
615:Coriondi
595:Voluntii
575:Magnatae
567:Rhobogdi
563:Vennicni
476:Pyrenees
438:Portugal
389:Wihtwara
345:Bernicia
267:Murad II
263:Mehmed I
248:Anatolia
232:Anatolia
159:Scotland
2407:21 July
2075:Gwynedd
2000:SmĂĄland
1877:Anglian
1838:Circinn
1813:Fortriu
1807:Pictish
1779:Cumbric
1467:Namayan
1291:Maynila
1230:Vestmar
1190:Romsdal
1170:Ranrike
1160:Oppland
1135:Hedmark
1071:Gandaki
1055:Karnali
1049:by the
945:Osraige
855:Bréifne
823:rĂ benn
727:Laighin
699:Munster
639:cĂłiceda
611:Menapii
583:Gangani
553:Ptolemy
549:Ireland
529:Ireland
413:below.
377:Lindsey
357:Norfolk
353:Suffolk
305:England
291:Mamluks
279:Selim I
202:duchies
185:, many
163:England
149:as the
127:kingdom
83:scholar
2459:
2432:
2398:
2368:
2327:Mueang
2257:Rheged
2218:Ergyng
2191:Elfael
2181:Buellt
2034:mangis
1980:Sweden
1964:Sweden
1949:) and
1901:Gaelic
1865:Atholl
1833:Buchan
1799:Rheged
1748:Syrmia
1740:Rascia
1736:Serbia
1724:Serbia
1621:Malay
1579:Samtoy
1563:Ibalon
1531:Cainta
1499:Pulilu
1403:Sandao
1275:Idjang
1089:Norway
1079:Nepali
1063:Nepali
1021:Dyflin
970:Laigin
920:Ailech
839:tĂşatha
814:tĂşatha
751:an MhĂ
714:Laigin
669:Ulaidh
663:Ulster
624:Irish
603:Eblani
591:Darini
579:Autini
571:Erdini
545:tribes
404:a.k.a.
373:Hwicce
367:, and
361:Sussex
333:Mercia
329:Wessex
299:Turkey
175:mueang
131:empire
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
2282:Deira
2263:Elmet
2213:Gwent
2166:Powys
2158:Dyfed
2051:moors
2044:Wales
1861:Fotla
1842:Angus
1781:(see
1483:Tondo
1215:Toten
1200:Solør
1105:Agder
1041:Nepal
986:Ulaid
962:Mumha
954:Mumha
936:Ulaid
741:Meath
692:Mumha
656:Ulaid
647:cĂşige
607:Cauci
599:Ulaid
434:Spain
423:taifa
411:Wales
369:Essex
341:Deira
200:, or
125:is a
90:JSTOR
76:books
2457:ISBN
2430:ISBN
2409:2022
2396:ISBN
2366:ISBN
2130:and
2102:Rhos
1941:the
1852:Fife
1844:and
1831:and
1823:Cait
1744:Zeta
1387:Ma-i
1240:Voss
1195:Sogn
1145:Land
966:and
896:Mide
864:and
862:East
755:and
743:and
735:Mide
617:and
537:and
517:The
436:and
421:The
365:Kent
355:and
343:and
313:and
285:and
257:The
244:Beys
62:news
2028:of
2020:on
1829:Mar
1785:):
1752:Hum
908:or
900:;
827:or
801:or
555:'s
547:in
359:),
347:),
161:or
137:of
45:by
2645::
2465:.
2374:.
2120:)
1957:).
1903::
1883::
1809::
1742:,
1081::
1065::
940:.
868:.
847:.
613:,
609:,
605:,
593:,
589:,
585:,
581:,
577:,
573:,
569:,
565:,
525:.
444:.
383:,
375:,
363:,
335:,
331:,
196:,
178:.
121:A
2525:e
2518:t
2511:v
2438:.
2411:.
1921:/
1879:/
1871:)
1867:(
1777:/
1077:(
1061:(
719:(
697:(
683:(
661:(
402:(
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
