224:'s more famous universal astrolabe in which vertical halves the heavens were projected onto a plane through the poles, this one had both the northern and southern hemispheres projected onto a plane through the equator (which was also the limit of projection). There are no known surviving astrolabes based on this treatise. The use of such an astrolabe is very complicated, and since it is probable that most sophisticated users were not frequent travelers, they were more likely happier with the traditional (and simpler) stereographic planispheric astrolabe.
182:" in this context. He provides methods for determining the north and south poles of a magnet, and he describes the effects magnets have upon one another, showing that like poles repel each other and unlike poles attract each other. He also treats the attraction of iron by lodestones, the magnetization of iron by lodestones, and the ability to reverse the polarity in such an induced magnet. Peregrinus attributed the Earth's magnetism to the action of celestial poles, rather than to the terrestrial poles of the planet itself.
20:
607:
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146:. The letters also contain a description of an experiment with a repaired magnet, as well as a number of compasses, one of which "you will be able to direct your steps to cities and islands and to any place whatever in the world." Indeed, the increasing perfection of magnetic compasses during the thirteenth century allowed navigators such as
188:(three chapters): This section describes three devices that utilize the properties of magnets. He treats the practical applications of magnets, describing the "wet" floating compass as an instrument, and a "dry" pivoted compass in some detail. He also attempts to prove that with the help of magnets it is possible to realize
127:"You must realize, dearest friend," Peregrinus writes, "that while the investigator in this subject must understand nature and not be ignorant of the celestial motions, he must also be very diligent in the use of his own hands, so that through the operation of this stone he may show wonderful effects."
337:
A translation into
English has been made by Silvanus P. Thompson ("Epistle of Peter Peregrinus of Maricourt, to Sygerus of Foucaucourt, Soldier, concerning the Magnet", ); by Brother Arnold ("The Letter of Petrus Peregrinus on the Magnet, A. D. 1269", with introductory note by Brother Potamian , );
352:
The philosopher and scientist
Charles S. Peirce made a thorough study the Epistle of Petrus Peregrinus on the lodestone (MS. No. 7378; See Eisele, C. (1957) The Charles S. Peirce-Simon Newcomb Correspondence. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. 101, No. 5. p. 411).
169:
based on definite experiences, and setting forth the fundamental laws of magnetism. He did not discover these laws, but presented them in logical order. Part One discusses the physical (but not the occult) properties of the
108:, duke of Anjou and king of Sicily, who in 1269 laid siege to the city of Lucera. However, given that only one manuscript attests this, the evidence is weak. There is no indication of why Peter received the sobriquet
244:
and only in one of the five manuscripts used in the critical edition, which leads us to conclude that it was a later comment added by someone else. That Bacon's praise was for
Peregrinus is open to serious debate.
58:
needles, a fundamental component of the dry compass soon to appear in medieval navigation. He also wrote a treatise on the construction and use of a universal
319:, vol 2 , pp. 487–505), but, based on only one manuscript, this edition was full of defects; corrected editions were published by Timoteo Bertelli (in
236:, who called him a "perfect mathematician" and one who valued experience over argument. But the association of the praise with Peregrinus appears only in a
617:
647:
196:). His device is a toothed wheel which passes near a lodestone so that the teeth are alternately attracted by one pole and repelled by the other.
302:
acknowledged his debt to
Peregrinus and incorporated this thirteenth-century scientist's experiments on magnetism into his own treatise, called
69:("Letter of Peter Peregrinus of Maricourt to Sygerus of Foucaucourt, Soldier, on the Magnet") but it is more commonly known by its short title,
687:
221:
81:, possibly a friend and neighbor of the author; Foucaucourt borders on the home area of Peregrinus around Maricourt, in the present-day
707:
692:
345:
The modern critical edition of the astrolabe text was prepared by Ron B. Thomson and appears in Petrus
Peregrinus de Maricourt,
702:
138:
In his letter of 1269, Peregrinus explains how to identify the poles of the compasses. He also describes the laws of magnetic
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The influence of
Peregrinus' astrolabe was virtually nil. His reputation derives mainly from his work on magnetism. The
378:
712:
722:
682:
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299:
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The modern critical edition was prepared by Loris
Sturlese and appears in Petrus Peregrinus de Maricourt,
147:
357:
321:
Bulletino di bibliografia e di storia delle scienze matematiche e fisiche pubblicata da B. Boncampagni,
662:
536:
Opusculum perpetua memoria dignissimum, de natura magnetis et ejus effectibus, Item de motu continuo
282:
Opusculum perpetua memoria dignissimum, de natura magnetis et ejus effectibus, Item de motu continuo
54:. His work is particularly noted for containing the earliest detailed discussion of freely pivoting
373:
78:
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In only one of the 39 surviving manuscript copies the letter also bears the closing legend
8:
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112:(or "pilgrim"), but it suggests that he may have been either a pilgrim at one point or a
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652:
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and H. D. Harradon, ("Some Early
Contributions to the History of Geomagnetism - I," in
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86:
590:
46:
1269), was a French mathematician, physicist, and writer who conducted experiments on
175:
427:
Barbara M. Kreutz, "Mediterranean
Contributions to the Medieval Mariner's Compass,"
90:
67:
Epistola Petri
Peregrini de Maricourt ad Sygerum de Foucaucourt, militem, de magnete
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in recognition for outstanding scientific contributions in the field of magnetism.
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which could be used at a variety of latitudes without changing the plates. Unlike
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405:, ed. Thomas Glick et al. (New York and London: Routledge, 2005), pp. 388-389.
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216:(found in only 4 manuscripts) describes the construction and use a universal
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Part of the engraving on the back-side of de Maricourt's universal astrolabe
104:, August 8, 1269"), which might indicate that Peregrinus was in the army of
65:
Peregrinus' text on the magnet is entitled in many of the manuscripts of it
273:
653:
The letter of Petrus Peregrinus on the magnet, A.D. 1269 (translated 1904)
440:
Frederic C. Lane, "The Economic Meaning of the Invention of the Compass,"
401:(New York: Scribners, 1975), 10: 532. Ron B. Thomson, "Peter Peregrinus,"
73:("Letter on the Magnet"). The letter is addressed to an otherwise unknown
258:
233:
499:, IET Communications Engineer, August/September 2006, UK ISSN 1479-8352
304:
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Actum in castris in obsidione Luceriæ anno domini 1269º 8º die augusti
19:
217:
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59:
47:
610: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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The Medieval Machine: The Industrial Revolution of the Middle Ages
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Translated by Brother Arnold (New York, McGraw Publishing, 1904) (
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The Medieval Machine: The Industrial Revolution of the Middle Ages
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and wrote the first extant treatise describing the properties of
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onwards, as witnessed by the large number of manuscript copies.
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vol. 10, pp. 532 ff.; Thomson,"Peter Peregrinus", pp. 388-389.
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Pivoting compass needle in a 14th-century handcopy of Peter's
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Wie funktionierte das Perpetuum mobile des Petrus Peregrinus?
232:
The literature often mentions that Peregrinus was praised by
116:; and the attack on Lucera of 1269 had been sanctioned as a
165:(10 chapters): This is a section that serves as a model of
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403:
Medieval Science, Technology and Medicine. An Encyclopedia
130:
480:
The letter of Petrus Peregrinus on the magnet, A.D. 1269
538:(Apud Joannem Birckmannum, Cologne 1562). Pageviews at
638:
Encyclopædia Britannica: Peter Peregrinus of Maricourt
292:
of Peregrinus and a treatise on the fall of bodies by
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and provides the first extant written account of the
124:. So Petrus Peregrinus may have served in that army.
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EGU - Awards & Medals - Petrus Peregrinus Medal
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of magnets. He was thus the first to use the word "
414:E. G. R. Taylor: "The South-Pointing Needle", in:
340:Terrestrial Magnetism and Atmospheric Electricity
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577:See Sturlese in Petrus Peregrinus de Maricourt,
564:See Sturlese in Petrus Peregrinus de Maricourt,
521:See Sturlese in Petrus Peregrinus de Maricourt,
453:See Sturlese in Petrus Peregrinus de Maricourt,
288:, as Taisnier presents, as though his own, the
276:published from the press of Johann Birkmann of
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77:countryman named Sygerus (Sigerus, Ysaerus) of
264:The first printed edition of it was issued at
317:Histoire des sciences mathématiques en Italie
150:to strike out on voyages to unknown lands.
16:French mathematician, physicist, and writer
643:Catholic Encyclopedia: Pierre de Maricourt
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444:, Vol. 68, No. 3. (Apr., 1963), p. 615f.
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214:Nova Compositio Astrolabii Particularis
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431:, Vol. 14, No. 3. (Jul., 1973), p. 371
315:was later issued by Guillaume Libri (
626:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
257:became a very popular work from the
194:History of perpetual motion machines
100:("Done in camp during the siege of
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688:13th-century French mathematicians
661:, in NTM N.S. 11 (2003), 155–170,
616:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "
399:Dictionary of Scientific Biography
397:Edward Grant, "Peter Peregrinus,"
323:1 (1868), 70–80) and G. Hellmann (
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470:(New York, Penguin, 1976), 194-5.
379:History of electromagnetic theory
648:Peter Peregrinus at IET Archives
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349:(Pisa, 1995), pp. 119–196.
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40:Peter Peregrinus of Maricourt
457:(Pisa, 1995), pp. 16 and 89.
200:The universal astrolabe text
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698:13th-century French writers
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161:is divided into two parts.
148:Vandino and Ugolino Vivaldi
36:Pierre Pelerin de Maricourt
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358:European Geosciences Union
418:, Vol. 8. (1951), pp. 1-7
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325:Rara magnetica 1269-1599
374:History of geomagnetism
362:Petrus Peregrinus Medal
713:French science writers
429:Technology and Culture
360:(EGU) established the
294:Gianbattista Benedetti
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623:Catholic Encyclopedia
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581:(Pisa, 1995), p. 47.
525:(Pisa, 1995), p. 44.
723:Medieval physicists
683:13th-century deaths
678:13th-century births
618:Pierre de Maricourt
568:(Pisa, 1995), p. 47
313:Epistola de magnete
290:Epistola de magnete
167:inductive reasoning
159:Epistola de magnete
133:Epistola de magnete
131:The content of the
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272:. In 1562,
259:Middle Ages
240:to Bacon's
234:Roger Bacon
228:Roger Bacon
79:Foucaucourt
672:Categories
600:References
305:De magnete
286:plagiarism
255:De magnete
222:al-Zarqālī
140:attraction
110:Peregrinus
83:department
218:astrolabe
172:lodestone
144:repulsion
60:astrolabe
48:magnetism
34:(Latin),
663:abstract
368:See also
266:Augsburg
186:Part Two
176:polarity
163:Part One
114:crusader
614::
508:Grant,
278:Cologne
120:by the
118:crusade
106:Charles
91:Péronne
89:, near
85:of the
56:compass
52:magnets
540:Google
484:online
327:, ) .
249:Legacy
102:Lucera
75:Picard
27:(1269)
579:Opera
566:Opera
523:Opera
455:Opera
385:Notes
347:Opera
332:Opera
192:(see
87:Somme
356:The
311:The
212:The
180:pole
157:The
142:and
122:Pope
620:".
510:DSB
44:fl.
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