Christology - Knowledge

2138: 33: 3598:, and had to use a new set of terms, images, and ideas in order to deal with them. The existing terms and structures which were available to them were often insufficient to express these religious concepts, and taken together, these new forms of discourse led to the beginnings of Christology as an attempt to understand, explain, and discuss their understanding of the nature of Christ. Early Jewish Christians had to explain their concepts to a Hellenistic audience which had been influenced by Greek philosophy, presenting arguments that at times resonated with, and at times confronted, the beliefs of that audience. This is exemplified by the 3377:

take a more functional approach and look at how Jesus acts or is said to act in the New Testament as the basis for configuring beliefs about him. It is possible to explore Jesus as a historical figure (i.e., Christology from below), or to examine theological claims made about Jesus (i.e., Christology from above). Many scholars prefer a socio-religious method by comparing beliefs about Jesus with beliefs in other religions to identify shared sources and similar ideas. Theologians often take a more philosophical approach and look at Jesus' "ontology" or "being" and debate how best to describe his divine and human natures."

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the highest Christology of the later New Testament writings (e.g. Gospel of John) and the creedal formulations of the early church fathers, with their explicit affirmations of the pre-existence and ontological divinity of Christ, are not so much a development in essence but a development in understanding and explication of what was already there at the beginning of the Christian movement. As Bauckham (2008a, x) memorably puts it, 'The earliest Christology was already the highest Christology.' Many proponents of this group of theories have been labelled together as 'the New

2219:" later developed in the Gospel of John, elaborating the cosmic implications of Jesus' existence as the Son of God: "Therefore, if anyone is in Christ, he is a new creation. The old has passed away; behold, the new has come." Paul writes that Christ came to draw all back to God: "Through him God was pleased to reconcile to himself all things, whether on earth or in heaven" (Colossians 1:20); in the same epistle, he writes that "He is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn of all creation" (Colossians 1:15). 2510: 2738: 2689: 72: 12232: 11452: 2228: 704: 11441: 1763:, also called "forensic theory" and "vicarious punishment", which was a development by the Reformers of Anselm's satisfaction theory. Instead of considering sin as an affront to God's honour, it sees sin as the breaking of God's moral law. Penal substitution sees sinful man as being subject to God's wrath, with the essence of Jesus' saving work being his substitution in the sinner's place, bearing the curse in the place of man. 10240: 764: 2071:, this "incarnation Christology" or "high Christology" did not evolve over a longer time, but was a "big bang" of ideas which were already present at the start of Christianity, and took further shape in the first few decades of the church, as witnessed in the writings of Paul. Some 'Early High Christology' proponents scholars argue that this "high Christology" may go back to Jesus himself. 2041:. According to Bousset, this "high Christology" developed at the time of Paul's writing, under the influence of Gentile Christians, who brought their pagan Hellenistic traditions to the early Christian communities, introducing divine honours to Jesus. According to Casey and Dunn, this "high Christology" developed after the time of Paul, at the end of the first century CE when the 3710:

place. The earliest centre of Christianity was the twelve apostles in Jerusalem. Paul himself consulted and sought guidance from the Christian leaders in Jerusalem (Galatians 2:1–2; Acts 9:26–28, 15:2). "What was common to the whole Christian movement derived from Jerusalem, not from Paul, and Paul himself derived the central message he preached from the Jerusalem apostles."

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as witnessed in the Gospels, with the earliest Christians believing that Jesus was a human who was exalted, or else adopted as God's Son, when he was resurrected. Later beliefs shifted the exaltation to his baptism, birth, and subsequently to the idea of his pre-existence, as witnessed in the Gospel of John. This "evolutionary model" was proposed by proponents of the

2275:, usually translated as "Word", along with his pre-existence, and they emphasize the cosmic significance of Christ, e.g.: "All things were made through him, and without him was not any thing made that was made." In the context of these verses, the Word made flesh is identical with the Word who was in the beginning with God, being exegetically equated with Jesus. 3129:) expressed this sentiment about Roman Catholic Mariology when in two separate occasions he stated, "The appearance of a truly Marian awareness serves as the touchstone indicating whether or not the christological substance is fully present" and "It is necessary to go back to Mary, if we want to return to the truth about Jesus Christ." 2974:

provides a key to the "Emmanuel Christology" of Matthew. Beginning with 1:23, the Gospel of Matthew shows a clear interest in identifying Jesus as "God with us" and in later developing the Emmanuel characterization of Jesus at key points throughout the rest of the Gospel. The name 'Emmanuel' does not

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Until the middle of the 2nd century, such terms emphasized two themes: that of Jesus as a preexistent figure who becomes human and then returns to God and that of Jesus as a creature elected and "adopted" by God. The first theme makes use of concepts drawn from Classical antiquity, whereas the second

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the view of the primitive Palestinian Christian community. The recognition of Jesus as truly divine was not a significant development from the views of the primitive Palestine community; rather, it 'exploded' right at the beginning of Christianity. The proponents of the Explosion view would say that

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impacted the Christological issues about his person from the earliest days of Christianity. Luke's Christology centers on the dialectics of the dual natures of the earthly and heavenly manifestations of existence of the Christ, while Matthew's Christology focuses on the mission of Jesus and his role

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points out that arguments over the claims of Jesus regarding divinity have been passed over by more recent scholarship, which sees a more complex understanding of the idea of God in first century Judaism. However, Andrew Loke argues that if Jesus did not claim and show himself to be truly divine and

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The "low Christology" or "adoptionist Christology" is the belief "that God exalted Jesus to be his Son by raising him from the dead", thereby raising him to "divine status". According to the "evolutionary model" or evolutionary theories, the Christological understanding of Jesus developed over time,

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No longer is John an independent preacher. He is but a voice, or, to change the figure, a finger pointing to Jesus. The baptism story is not told, although it is referred to (John 1:32f). But the baptism of Jesus is deprived of any significance for Jesus – not surprising since the latter has just

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Bird, Evans & Gathercole (2014): "There are, of course, many different ways of doing Christology. Some scholars study Christology by focusing on the major titles applied to Jesus in the New Testament, such as "Son of Man", "Son of God", "Messiah", "Lord", "Prince", "Word", and the like. Others

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Matt Stefon, Hans J. Hillerbrand (Encyclopedia Britannica): "Christology, Christian reflection, teaching, and doctrine concerning Jesus of Nazareth. Christology is the part of theology that is concerned with the nature and work of Jesus, including such matters as the Incarnation, the Resurrection,

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Grillmeier: "The most urgent task of a contemporary Christology is to formulate the Church's dogma – 'God became man and that God-made-man is the individual Jesus Christ' – in such a way that the true meaning of these statements can be understood, and all trace of a mythology impossible to accept

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Richard Bauckham argues that Paul was not so influential that he could have invented the central doctrine of Christianity. Before his active missionary work, there were already groups of Christians across the region. For example, a large group already existed in Rome even before Paul visited the

2108:, who argues that the followers of Jesus within a very short period developed an exceedingly high level of devotional reverence to Jesus, at the same time rejects the view that Jesus made a claim to messiahship or divinity to his disciples during his life as "naive and ahistorical". According to 3400:

Docetism is the doctrine that the phenomenon of Jesus, his historical and bodily existence, and above all the human form of Jesus, was mere semblance without any true reality. Broadly it is taken as the belief that Jesus only seemed to be human, and that his human form was an illusion. Docetic

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Witherington: " We have already seen that Paul, in appropriating the language of the christological hymns, subscribed to the christological notion that Christ existed prior to taking on human flesh. Paul spoke of Jesus both as the wisdom of God, his agent in creation (1 Cor 1:24, 30; 8:6; Col

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sees the purpose of modern Christology as to formulate the Christian belief that "God became man and that God-made-man is the individual Jesus Christ" in a manner that this statement can be understood consistently, without the confusions of past debates and mythologies. Rahner pointed out the

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Paul's Christology has a specific focus on the death and resurrection of Jesus. For Paul, the crucifixion of Jesus is directly related to his resurrection and the term "the cross of Christ" used in Galatians 6:12 may be viewed as his abbreviation of the message of the Gospels. For Paul, the

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We believe that Jesus Christ, according to his divine nature, is the only begotten Son of God, begotten from eternity, not made nor created (for then He should be a creature), but co-essential and co-eternal with the Father, "the express image of His person, and the brightness of His glory"

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Although some of the debates may seem to various modern students to be over a theological iota, they took place in controversial political circumstances, reflecting the relations of temporal powers and divine authority, and certainly resulted in schisms, among others that separated the

3085:, meaning "anointed one", is associated with the concept of the threefold office. While the office of king is that most frequently associated with the Messiah, the role of Jesus as priest is also prominent in the New Testament, being most fully explained in chapters 7 to 10 of the 2834:), equal unto him in all things. He is the Son of God, not only from the time that He assumed our nature, but from all eternity, as these testimonies, when compared together, teach us. Moses says that God created the world; and John saith that "all things were made by that Word" ( 3111:, view Mariology as a key component of Christology. In this view, not only is Mariology a logical and necessary consequence of Christology, but without it, Christology is incomplete, since the figure of Mary contributes to a fuller understanding of who Christ is and what he did. 2207:

to identify Jesus almost 230 times, and express the theme that the true mark of a Christian is the confession of Jesus as the true Lord. Paul viewed the superiority of the Christian revelation over all other divine manifestations as a consequence of the fact that Christ is the

3661:"Here I'll say something about the oldest Christology, as I understand it. This was what I earlier called a 'low' Christology. I may end up in the book describing it as a 'Christology from below' or possibly an 'exaltation' Christology. Or maybe I'll call it all three things 2298:, from the second century onwards, a number of controversies developed about how the human and divine are related within the person of Jesus. As of the second century, a number of different and opposing approaches developed among various groups. In contrast to prevailing 3028:

consequences, as in 1 Corinthians 2:8. In the Pauline view, Jesus, obedient to the point of death (Philippians 2:8), died "at the right time" (Romans 5:6) based on the plan of God. For Paul, the "power of the cross" is not separable from the resurrection of Jesus.

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argued the union of the human and divine natures of Christ was achieved not by the "absorption" of human attributes, but by their "assumption". Thus, in his view, the divine nature of Christ was not affected by the human attributes and remained forever divine.

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theology, which questioned the dogmatic foundations of Christianity, and approached the Bible with critical-historical tools. The divinity of Jesus became of less emphasis or importance, and was replaced with an focus on the ethical aspects of his teachings.

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Christology, where Jesus was a human being who was "adopted" after his death. Different views would be debated for centuries by Christians and finally settled on the idea that he was both fully human and fully divine by the middle of the 5th century in the

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The earliest christological reflections were shaped by both the Jewish background of the earliest Christians, and by the Greek world of the eastern Mediterranean in which they operated. The earliest Christian writings give several titles to Jesus, such as

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date from after the writings of Paul. They provide episodes from the life of Jesus and some of his works, but the authors of the New Testament show little interest in an absolute chronology of Jesus or in synchronizing the episodes of his life, and as in

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The other early Christology is "high Christology", which is "the view that Jesus was a pre-existent divine being who became a human, did the Father's will on earth, and then was taken back up into heaven whence he had originally come", and from where he

2846:). Therefore it must needs follow, that he who is called God, the Word, the Son, and Jesus Christ did exist at that time, when all things were created by him. Therefore the prophet Micah says, "His goings forth have been from of old, from everlasting" ( 5753: 3606:

that appears in Acts 17:16–34, where Paul is portrayed as attempting to convey the underlying concepts about Christ to a Greek audience. The sermon illustrates some key elements of future christological discourses that were first brought forward by

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rise from the dead, the earliest Christian leaders who were devout ancient monotheistic Jews would have regarded Jesus as merely a teacher or a prophet; they would not have come to the widespread agreement that he was truly divine, which they did.

1908:'Wisdom' is extolled as something existing before the world and already working in creation. According to Witherington, Paul "subscribed to the christological notion that Christ existed prior to taking on human flesh founding the story of Christ 3658:"The earliest Christians held exaltation Christologies in which the human being Jesus was made the Son of God – for example, at his resurrection or at his baptism – as we examined in the previous chapter." 2426:, who orchestrated the council. During the council, Nestorius defended his position by arguing there must be two persons of Christ, one human, the other divine, and Mary had given birth only to a human, hence could not be called the 1446:

of the Person of Christ as both divine and human, and since the early days of Christianity, theologians have debated various approaches to the understanding of these natures, at times resulting in ecumenical councils, and schisms.

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Since the 1970s, these late datings for the development of a "high Christology" have been contested, and a majority of scholars argue that this "high Christology" existed already before the writings of Paul. According to the "New

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for our sins as the offering of compensation or damages for dishonour done, but the Reformers saw it as the undergoing of vicarious punishment (poena) to meet the claims on us of God's holy law and wrath (i.e. his punitive

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at the center of their understanding, and from that center attempted to understand the other issues related to the Christian mysteries. The question of the deity of Christ in the New Testament is inherently related to the

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The notion of pre-existence is deeply rooted in Jewish thought, and can be found in apocalyptic thought and among the rabbis of Paul's time, but Paul was most influenced by Jewish-Hellenistic wisdom literature, where

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Protestants have criticized Mariology because many of its assertions lack any Biblical foundation. Strong Protestant reaction against Roman Catholic Marian devotion and teaching has been a significant issue for

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The Seven Ecumenical Councils of the Undivided Church, trans H. R. Percival, in Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, 2nd Series, ed. P. Schaff and H. Wace, (repr. Grand Rapids MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1955), XIV, pp.

1457:(Monophysite controversy, 3rd–8th centuries): After the union of the divine and the human in the historical incarnation, Jesus Christ had only a single nature. Monophysitism was condemned as heretical by the 2625:

in the fifth century, and unquestionably established the primacy of Rome in the East over those who accepted the Council of Chalcedon. This was reaffirmed in 519, when the Eastern Chalcedonians accepted the

5209:, October / November 2007: "the broad consensus of modern New Testament scholars that the proclamation of Jesus's exalted nature was in large measure the creation of the earliest Christian communities." 3365:

Catholic Encyclopedia: "Christology is that part of theology which deals with Our Lord Jesus Christ. In its full extent it comprises the doctrines concerning both the person of Christ and His works."

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In: Patricio de Navascués Benlloch – Manuel Crespo Losada – Andrés Sáez Gutiérrez (dir.), Filiación. Cultura pagana, religión de Israel, orígenes del cristianismo, vol. III, Madrid, pp. 337-378

2869:. Calvin also emphasized the importance of the "Work of Christ" in any attempt at understanding the Person of Christ and cautioned against ignoring the works of Jesus during his ministry. 590: 3335:

biblicaltraining.org: "The Past Work of Christ, The Atoning Savior"; "Present work of Christ: work as mediator and Lord"; "Future work of Christ: work as coming judge and reigning king"

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did not put an end to all christological debate, it did clarify the terms used and became a point of reference for many future Christologies. But it also broke apart the church of the

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refers to approaches that begin with the human aspects and the ministry of Jesus (including the miracles, parables, etc.) and move towards his divinity and the mystery of incarnation.

2092:, writing in 1993, mentioned changes in New Testament studies, citing "broad agreement" that scholars do not today support the view that Jesus claimed to be God, quoting as examples 1373:. These approaches interpret the works of Christ in terms of his divinity. According to Pannenberg, Christology from above "was far more common in the ancient Church, beginning with 3719:

Loke (2017): "The last group of theories can be called 'Explosion Theories' (one might also call this 'the Big-Bang theory of Christology'!). This proposes that highest Christology

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is that the historical Jesus did not make the claim to deity that later Christian thought was to make for him: he did not understand himself to be God, or God the Son, incarnate.

3684:: "The pre-existence of Christ is further substantiated by the many recorded Christophanies in the Bible." "Christophany" is often considered a more accurate term than the term " 2513:

Christological spectrum during the 5th–7th centuries showing the views of the Church of the East (light blue), the Eastern Orthodox and Catholic Churches (light purple), and the

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Nestorianism opposed the concept of hypostatic union, and emphasized a radical distinction between the two natures (human and divine) of Jesus Christ. It was condemned by the

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Erwin Fahlbusch et al., "Mariology", The Encyclopedia of Christianity (Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States; Leiden, Netherlands: Wm. B. Eerdmans; Brill, 1999–2003), p. 409.

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1:15–17; see Bruce, 195), and as the one who accompanied Israel as the 'rock' in the wilderness (1 Cor 10:4). In view of the role Christ plays in 1 Corinthians 10:4, Paul is

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Bird, Evans & Gathercole (2014): "New Testament scholars often speak about "Christology", which is the study of the career, person, nature, and identity of Jesus Christ."

2400:, but the problems soon extended to Christology, and schisms followed. The 431 council was called because in defense of his loyal priest Anastasius, Nestorius had denied the 2015:

Christology, and a "high" or "incarnation" Christology. The chronology of the development of these early Christologies is a matter of debate within contemporary scholarship.

7971: 3081:. In the Old Testament, the appointment of someone to any of these three positions could be indicated by anointing him or her by pouring oil over the head. Thus, the term 7348: 2112:, the broad consensus among modern New Testament scholars is that the proclamation of the divinity of Jesus was a development within the earliest Christian communities. 1784:(1079–1142), who argued that "Jesus died as the demonstration of God's love", a demonstration which can change the hearts and minds of the sinners, turning back to God. 1800:(1578), who rejected the idea of "vicarious satisfaction". According to Socinus, Jesus' death offers humanity a perfect example of self-sacrificial dedication to God. 10652: 9924: 7044: 3553:

Mark D. Baker, objecting against the pebal substitution theory, states that "substitution is a broad term that one can use with reference to a variety of metaphors."

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is the affirmation of the belief that the death of Jesus by crucifixion happened "with the foreknowledge of God, according to a definite plan". In this view, as in

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Christology. In Romans 1:4, however, Paul states that Jesus "was declared with power to be the Son of God by his resurrection from the dead", which sounds like an

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such evidence as there is has led the historians of the period to conclude, with an impressive degree of unanimity, that Jesus did not claim to be God incarnate."

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provided the first systematic Christology that consistently resolved a number of the existing issues. In his Christology from above, Aquinas also championed the

2172:. Both notions already existed before him in the early Christian communities, and Paul deepened them and used them for preaching in the Hellenistic communities. 7782: 1580:

orthodox in nearly all branches of Christianity. Among them, only the Dyophysite doctrine was recognized as true and not heretical, belonging to the Christian

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of the two natures of Christ, one human and one divine, "united with neither confusion nor division". Most of the major branches of Western Christianity and

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in 553 interpreted the decrees of Chalcedon, and further explained the relationship of the two natures of Jesus. It also condemned the alleged teachings of

10687: 5407: 8406: 7882: 1660:(1931), the various theories or paradigmata of atonement are often grouped as "classical paradigm", "objective paradigm", and the "subjective paradigm": 4771: 2362:

in 381. The language used was that the one God exists in three persons (Father, Son, and Holy Spirit); in particular, it was affirmed that the Son was

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title of Jesus used in the early Christian writings and its implications for the absolute lordship of Jesus. In early Christian belief, the concept of

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The "ransom theory" and the "Christ Victor" theory are different, but are generally considered together as Patristic or "classical" theories, to use

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provides a different perspective that focuses on his divinity. The first 14 verses of the Gospel of John are devoted to the divinity of Jesus as the

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The Development of Christology during the First Hundred Years: and Other Essays on Early Christian Christology. Supplements to Novum Testamentum 140

3020:, the cross is not viewed as a scandal, for the crucifixion of Jesus "at the hands of the lawless" is viewed as the fulfilment of the plan of God. 2983:, the Emmanuel motif brackets the entire Gospel of Matthew between 1:23 and 28:20, appearing explicitly and implicitly in several other passages. 1959:, which in everyday Aramaic usage was a very respectful form of polite address, which means more than just 'teacher' and was somewhat similar to ' 3646:

founding the story of Christ on the archetypal story of Israel, but rather on the story of divine Wisdom, which helped Israel in the wilderness."

580: 2179:, Paul states that Jesus was preexistent and came to Earth "by taking the form of a servant, being made in human likeness". This sounds like an 11817: 3224: 734: 1865:

relies on concepts characteristic of ancient Jewish thought. The second theme subsequently became the basis of "adoptionist Christology" (see

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a. the reconciliation of man with God through the life, sufferings, and sacrificial death of Christ b. the sufferings and death of Christ"

2976: 7923: 5806: 5737: 2979:("I am with you always, even unto the end of the world") to indicate Jesus will be with the faithful to the end of the age. According to 2971: 2961: 6799: 6160:

Aquinas as Authority: A Collection of Studies Presented at the Second Conference of the Thomas Insituut Te Utrecht, December 14-16, 2000

5776: 5236: 3688:" due to the belief that all the visible manifestations of God are in fact the preincarnate Christ. Many argue that the appearances of " 3355:

Raymond Brown (1994): "hristology discusses any evaluation of Jesus in respect to who he was and the role he played in the divine plan."

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also witnessed the emergence of the "tender image of Jesus" as a friend and a living source of love and comfort, rather than just the

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Bermejo-Rubio, Fernando (2017). Feldt, Laura; Valk, Ülo (eds.). "The Process of Jesus' Deification and Cognitive Dissonance Theory".

4261:, Christus Victor: An Historical Study of the Three Main Types of the Idea of Atonement, E.T. London: SPCK; New York: Macmillan, 1931 7133: 2251: 12261: 10614: 10566: 9488: 9358: 4369: 3017: 2918: 2914: 3692:" in the Old Testament were the preincarnate Christ. "Many understand the angel of the Lord as a true theophany. From the time of 2566:, each distinct and complete, and united with neither confusion nor division. Most of the major branches of Western Christianity ( 2033:(1913). This evolutionary model was very influential, and the "low Christology" has long been regarded as the oldest Christology. 1255:

From the second to the fifth centuries, the relation of the human and divine nature of Christ was a major focus of debates in the

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Monothelitism held that although Christ has two natures (Dyophysitism), his will is united. The doctrine was promoted by Emperor

2192:. Paul's thoughts on Jesus' teachings, versus his nature and being, are more defined, in that Paul believed Jesus was sent as an 7959: 5502:

been introduced as the preexistent Christ, who had been the effective agent responsible for the world's creation. (Enslin, p. 4)

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Christology" analyzes the nature or being of Jesus Christ. "Functional Christology" analyzes the works of Jesus Christ, while "

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Christologies that can be gleaned from the three synoptic Gospels generally emphasize the humanity of Jesus, his sayings, his

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as a compromise position between Chalcedonianism and various minority christologies. It was condemned as heretical by the

1193:. Different denominations have different opinions on questions such as whether Jesus was human, divine, or both, and as a 11286: 9722: 9298: 8049: 8023: 7997: 2326:

views which argued Christ was a spiritual being who only appeared to have a physical body. The resulting tensions led to

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Packer (1973): "Luther, Calvin, Zwingli, Melanchthon and their reforming contemporaries were the pioneers in stating it

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was highly influential, and marked a key turning point in the christological debates. It is the last council which many

1329:. It studies Jesus Christ's humanity and divinity, and the relation between these two aspects; and the role he plays in 12170: 8810: 8392: 8330: 8251: 8223: 8157: 7197: 7030:

The Orthodox corruption of scripture: the effect of early Christological controversies on the text of the New Testament

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Christology from Within and Ahead: Hermeneutics, Contingency, and the Quest for Transcontextual Criteria in Christology

3214: 2630:, anathematizing all of their own Eastern Chalcedonian hierarchy, who died out of communion with Rome from 482 to 519. 1712: 727: 5938: 5860: 11172: 10271: 10153: 9473: 8492: 7774: 7566: 7531: 7325: 7247: 7180: 7156: 7142: 6978: 6741: 6716: 6692: 6638: 6617: 6590: 6570: 6547: 6527: 6507: 6487: 6464: 6444: 6424: 6404: 6380: 6360: 6340: 6272: 6252: 6229: 6207: 5723: 5576: 5452: 5370: 5280: 5230: 5162: 4593: 4570: 4225:"Atonement." Cross, F. L., ed. The Oxford dictionary of the Christian church. New York: Oxford University Press. 2005 2843: 3358:

Bernard L. Ramm (1993): "Christology is the reflective and systematic study of the person and work of Jesus Christ."

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churches): In the person of Jesus Christ, divine nature and human nature are united in a compound nature ('physis').

1236:, which were all derived from Hebrew scripture. These terms centered around two opposing themes, namely "Jesus as a 11416: 9821: 9573: 9458: 9448: 9056: 2784: 2639: 2166:. The central Christology of Paul conveys the notion of Christ's pre-existence and the identification of Christ as 1766: 1734: 647: 17: 8273:

Jesus and the God of Israel: God Crucified and Other Studies on the New Testament's Christology of Divine Identity

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Which Aulén called the "subjective" or "humanistic" view. Propagated, as a critique of the satisfaction view, by

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piety of the 12th and 13th centuries led to "popular Christology". Systematic approaches by theologians, such as

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in 681 declared that Christ has two wills of his two natures, human and divine, contrary to the teachings of the

2650: 2430:, i.e. "the one who gives birth to God". The debate about the single or dual nature of Christ ensued in Ephesus. 2359: 2284: 1260: 1136: 382: 5399: 1325:), literally 'the understanding of Christ', is the study of the nature (person) and work (role in salvation) of 12271: 12017: 11840: 11681: 11375: 10624: 10539: 10226: 10110: 10056: 6030: 5983: 4613: 3349:

Bart Ehrman: "the understanding of Christ"; "the nature of Christ – the question of Christology"

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maintained there was no human element in the Person of Christ which could be separated from the Person of

1997:, for they believed if Christ is one with God, he must have been united with God from the very beginning. 11258: 11039: 10901: 10173: 10061: 10041: 9809: 9453: 8730: 8724: 8600: 8445: 7581: 7313: 6922:

How God Became Jesus: The Real Origins of Belief in Jesus' Divine Nature – A Response to Bart Ehrman

4270: 3435: 3406: 3204: 520: 223: 32: 1576:, mainly in the 4th and 5th centuries, resolved most of these controversies, making the doctrine of the 1359:

refers to approaches that include aspects of divinity, such as Lord and Son of God, and the idea of the

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The First Seven Ecumenical Councils (325–787): Their History and Theology (Theology and Life Series 21)

5524: 5048: 3302: 2595: 2465:) – Council of Ephesus, Epistle of Cyril to Nestorius, i.e. 'one nature of the Word of God incarnate' ( 2180: 1831: 1667: 1647: 1312: 1276: 1241: 837: 824: 2137: 1501:): Christ maintained two natures, one divine and one human, after the Incarnation; articulated by the 11989: 11892: 11411: 11401: 11363: 11118: 10928: 10896: 10850: 10827: 10120: 9934: 9547: 8840: 8815: 8689: 8662: 8188: 4527: 3591: 3122: 2611: 2587: 1750: 1643: 1601: 1597: 1562:(5th century) considered the two natures (human and divine) of Jesus Christ almost entirely distinct. 1549: 1330: 1206: 1157: 914: 801: 617: 570: 560: 415: 255: 218: 8305:

How God Became Jesus: The Real Origins of Belief in Jesus' Divine Nature – A Response to Bart Ehrman

5059: 2372:

declared the full divinity and full humanity of Jesus. After the First Council of Nicaea in 325 the

12039: 11912: 11713: 11651: 11391: 11296: 11291: 11106: 11071: 10997: 10953: 10948: 10745: 10571: 10416: 10313: 10308: 10046: 9942: 9799: 8980: 8788: 8773: 8719: 8714: 3259: 3149: 3102: 2821:, subscribes to Nicene orthodoxy regarding the deity of Christ. The article places emphasis on the 2661: 2389: 1940:, the holy Name of God. As such, it closely links Jesus with God – in the same way a verse such as 1723: 685: 632: 3586:

found themselves confronted with a set of new concepts and ideas relating to the life, death, and

2748: 2699: 1860:, which were all derived from Hebrew scripture. According to Matt Stefon and Hans J. Hillerbrand: 71: 11967: 11606: 11076: 10810: 10715: 10604: 10554: 10411: 10328: 10303: 9804: 9133: 9066: 8825: 8522: 7804: 7006: 6986: 5356: 5070: 3595: 3254: 3154: 3078: 2728: 2490: 2351: 2101: 1994: 1827: 1705:

doctrine, arguing that Christ's death was not a payment to the Devil, but defeated the powers of

1502: 1478: 1360: 1237: 1018: 978: 829: 695: 652: 427: 276: 9528: 1542:(3rd–4th centuries) claimed the human form of Jesus was mere semblance without any true reality. 1407: 12207: 12134: 11800: 11569: 11396: 10987: 10845: 10787: 10678: 10657: 10422: 10158: 10115: 10094: 10084: 9967: 9717: 8926: 8899: 8835: 8637: 8303:

Bird, Michael F.; Evans, Craig A.; Gathercole, Simon; Hill, Charles E.; Tilling, Chris (2014),

7904: 4134:"Filiation divine du Christ et filiation divine des chrétiens dans les écrits de Justin Martyr" 3264: 3024:

crucifixion of Jesus was not an isolated event in history, but a cosmic event with significant

2924: 2599: 2355: 2168: 1757:, satisfying God's just wrath against humankind's transgression due to Christ's infinite merit. 1631: 873: 843: 565: 377: 260: 7606: 7028: 6917: 2000: 1252:– that Jesus was human who was "adopted" by God at his baptism, crucifixion, or resurrection. 12089: 12022: 11927: 11907: 11902: 11742: 11656: 11546: 11474: 11455: 11054: 10780: 10589: 10492: 10447: 10376: 10168: 9987: 9982: 9914: 9886: 9697: 9423: 9293: 9118: 9043: 9001: 8976: 8959: 8820: 8768: 8751: 8736: 8647: 8589: 8569: 8537: 8470: 8174: 6783: 5220: 5123: 3587: 3139: 3002: 2996: 2957: 1639: 1423: 1345: 1341: 1326: 862: 515: 321: 306: 230: 119: 84: 55: 8379: 7654:"Christology | Definition, History, Doctrine, Summary, Importance, & Facts | Britannica" 7254: 6969: 5360: 5152: 12256: 12056: 12051: 11827: 11718: 11579: 11276: 11226: 11211: 11088: 10797: 10697: 10647: 10642: 10599: 10559: 10487: 10089: 10079: 9947: 9831: 9826: 9749: 9608: 9388: 9255: 9235: 8964: 8684: 8632: 8574: 8440: 7602: 5193: 5154:

How on earth did Jesus become a god?: historical questions about earliest devotion to Jesus

3697: 3159: 3013: 2992: 2866: 2858:). He therefore is that true, eternal, and almighty God, whom we invoke, worship and serve. 2792: 2724: 2622: 2522: 2271: 2011:

Two fundamentally different Christologies developed in the early Church, namely a "low" or

1895:

viewed Christ as a single, unified human person apart from his relationship to the divine.

1883: 1787: 1746: 1738: 1671: 1623: 1458: 1365: 1264: 1150: 960: 818: 341: 114: 8243:

How on Earth did Jesus Become a God? Historical Questions about Earliest Devotion to Jesus

7960:"The Early High Christology Club and Bart Ehrman – An Excerpt from 'How God Became Jesus'" 4705: 3005:

provides a rich background for christological analysis, from the canonical Gospels to the

2345: 8: 12027: 11698: 11617: 11613: 11523: 11445: 11421: 11406: 11325: 11315: 11301: 11281: 11271: 11241: 11221: 11150: 10881: 10710: 10637: 10467: 10396: 10323: 10244: 10213: 10051: 10020: 9851: 9709: 9563: 9468: 9265: 9187: 9163: 8990: 8679: 8480: 8423: 7463: 5715: 3402: 2514: 2423: 2331: 2307: 2175:

What exactly Paul believed about the nature of Jesus cannot be determined decisively. In

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How Jesus Became God: An Historical Study of the Life of Jesus to the Age of Constantine

1819: 965: 12217: 12202: 12197: 12084: 12063: 11884: 11874: 11747: 11691: 11671: 11320: 11266: 11177: 11167: 10958: 10873: 10822: 10432: 9962: 9568: 9558: 9518: 9403: 9393: 9343: 9328: 9285: 8756: 8614: 8594: 8415: 8293: 8241: 8178: 7400: 7095: 6939: 6884: 6876: 6860: 6654:, Second Edition (Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States: Baker Academic, 2001), p. 736. 5492: 4349: 3424: 3184: 2965: 2946: 2893: 2676:

while forbidding their worship. It is often referred to as "The Triumph of Orthodoxy".

2618: 2607: 2583: 2494: 2339: 2189: 2081: 1977: 1874: 1760: 1607: 1486: 1411: 1186: 763: 447: 440: 331: 326: 311: 196: 124: 3776:

Gerald O'Collins and Daniel Kendall have called this Liberal Protestant theology "neo-

1969:

expressed the relationship between Jesus and his disciples during his life, the Greek

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Jesus Monotheism: Volume 1: Christological Origins: The Emerging Consensus and Beyond

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Dictionary of Paul and His Letters: A Compendium of Contemporary Biblical Scholarship

7562: 7545: 7527: 7506: 7479: 7451: 7424: 7373: 7338: 7321: 7301: 7283: 7260: 7243: 7203: 7176: 7152: 7138: 7110: 7069: 7034: 7014: 6993: 6974: 6925: 6903: 6897: 6888: 6868: 6789: 6769: 6737: 6729: 6712: 6688: 6634: 6613: 6586: 6566: 6543: 6523: 6503: 6483: 6460: 6440: 6420: 6400: 6376: 6356: 6336: 6268: 6248: 6225: 6203: 6164: 6113: 6087: 6050: 6026: 5979: 5944: 5905: 5866: 5839: 5812: 5785: 5743: 5719: 5572: 5496: 5484: 5448: 5366: 5336: 5226: 5158: 4761: 4723: 4674: 4609: 4589: 4566: 4037: 3918: 3689: 3665:

Along with lots of other scholars, I think this was indeed the earliest Christology."

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which state whoever is ashamed of the words of Jesus is ashamed of the Lord himself.

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notions were also promoted by some theologians, but such views were rejected by the

11855: 11835: 11676: 11666: 11634: 11629: 11594: 11574: 11508: 11101: 10943: 10918: 10497: 10457: 9952: 9841: 9678: 9483: 9443: 9308: 9080: 8985: 8910: 8761: 8564: 8455: 8268: 8101: 7162: 6852: 6848: 6396: 5476: 4361: 3731: 3603: 3583: 3179: 3044: 3038: 3006: 2878: 2603: 2550: 2438: 2246: 2233: 2200: 2163: 2146: 2068: 1693:, in satisfaction for the bondage and debt on the souls of humanity as a result of 1585: 1443: 1434: 1426:

is both human and divine. The human and divine natures of Jesus Christ apparently (

1398: 1268: 1022: 973: 896: 891: 657: 550: 301: 173: 104: 7372:

The Church in history. Vol. 2. Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press.

5189: 3529:(satisfaction), the main mediaeval category for thought about the cross. Anselm's 2109: 1769:, "which views God as both the loving creator and moral Governor of the universe." 1682: 12180: 12143: 11730: 11708: 11563: 11310: 11216: 11007: 10705: 10208: 10203: 10183: 9972: 9957: 9846: 9814: 9785: 9737: 9348: 9275: 9230: 8936: 8916: 8517: 8192: 8115: 7911: 7813: 7367: 7363: 7277: 7170: 7063: 6835: 5200: 5130: 3164: 3108: 3086: 2838:), which he calls God. And the apostle says that God made the worlds by His Son ( 2665: 2594:

subscribe to the Chalcedonian Christological formulation, while many branches of

2026: 1791: 1700: 1528: 1498: 1482: 495: 404: 7402:

Encountering Religious Pluralism: The Challenge to Christian Faith & Mission

3454: 2422:(who was already upset with Nestorius due to other matters) wrote about this to 2074:

There is a controversy regarding whether Jesus himself claimed to be divine. In

12235: 12175: 12034: 11935: 11795: 11785: 11780: 11775: 11306: 11206: 11002: 10891: 10837: 10770: 10750: 10509: 10350: 10125: 9997: 9792: 9778: 9744: 9523: 9433: 9109: 9088: 9076: 9023: 8845: 8805: 8778: 8579: 8555: 8512: 8465: 8450: 8289: 8109: 7870: 7653: 7273: 7059: 6964: 5480: 3458: 3412:

Arianism, which viewed Jesus as primarily an ordinary mortal, was condemned as

3209: 3025: 2818: 2788: 2777: 2627: 2415: 2266: 2238: 2097: 2093: 2042: 1937: 1878: 1815: 1806:

Other theories are the "embracement theory" and the "shared atonement" theory.

1690: 1553: 955: 783: 541: 500: 480: 351: 316: 168: 89: 8072:"Jesus - The debate over Christology in modern Christian thought | Britannica" 8045: 8019: 7993: 7743: 6856: 5671:

God Against the Gods: The History of the War Between Monotheism and Polytheism

3310: 2657:, with the divine will having precedence, leading and guiding the human will. 2485:

rejected this and subsequent councils and continued to consider themselves as

2358:

and their relationship with one another, decisions which were ratified at the

1320: 12250: 11994: 11979: 11757: 11735: 11703: 11528: 11231: 11162: 11012: 10720: 10360: 10355: 10010: 9876: 9673: 9663: 9493: 9240: 9225: 9210: 9173: 9158: 9148: 9143: 9138: 8894: 8746: 8627: 8527: 8211: 7967: 6872: 6864: 6686:

Mariology: A Guide for Priests, Deacons, seminarians, and Consecrated Persons

5695: 5488: 3743: 3735: 3693: 3677: 3563: 3285: 2446: 2295: 2216: 2176: 2126: 2105: 2076: 2060: 2056: 1929: 1565: 1524: 1508: 1454: 1439: 1295: 1198: 1073: 1057: 931: 454: 361: 158: 153: 8261: 8233: 5157:. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. pp. 4–6. 3069:

performed three functions (or "offices") in his earthly ministry – those of

3057:

doctrine based upon the teachings of the Old Testament. It was described by

1964: 1954: 1573: 12117: 12095: 12068: 11940: 11897: 11536: 11044: 10992: 10923: 10913: 10594: 10526: 10391: 10287: 10193: 10163: 9881: 9668: 9658: 9250: 9013: 8946: 8921: 8886: 8794: 8642: 8532: 8507: 7519: 7065:

Lost Christianities: The Battles for Scripture and the Faiths We Never Knew

5205: 4365: 4258: 3739: 3681: 3599: 3416:

in 325, exonerated in 335, and eventually re-condemned as heretical at the

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coincidence between the Person of Christ and the Word of God, referring to

2654: 2541: 2478: 2450: 2442: 2434: 2377: 2369: 2299: 2113: 2064: 2038: 1742: 1694: 1651: 1635: 1559: 1474: 1464: 1280: 1178: 1117: 1112: 1081: 1068: 1052: 1041: 1013: 1008: 938: 410: 183: 63: 6785:

Proclaiming the Scandal of the Cross: Contemporary Images of the Atonement

5272: 3863: 3861: 3859: 3857: 3501:, which have persisted throughout the centuries. The oldest theory is the 2509: 2278: 1944:

28:19, "The Name (singular) of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit".

12101: 11686: 11346: 11096: 11059: 10760: 10735: 10632: 10198: 10188: 10178: 10015: 9891: 9771: 9613: 9598: 9583: 9578: 9463: 9438: 9260: 9123: 8904: 8741: 8560: 7166: 6708: 5684:

The Closing of the Western Mind: The Rise of Faith and the Fall of Reason

5565: 3062: 2909: 2862: 2799: 2575: 2571: 2534: 2453:(two hypostases). From the Christological viewpoint, the council adopted 2419: 2407: 2334:

were convened in the fourth and fifth centuries to deal with the issues.

2303: 2184: 2012: 1888: 1869:), which viewed Jesus' baptism as a crucial event in his adoption by God. 1866: 1719: 1535:

Influential Christologies which were broadly condemned as heretical are:

1512: 1494: 1490: 1249: 1099: 1036: 1003: 806: 525: 485: 470: 356: 296: 8046:"The Seventh Ecumenical Council – Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America" 6880: 5445:

The Witness of Jesus, Paul and John: An Exploration in Biblical Theology

3470:

According to Pugh, "Ever since time, we call these patristic ideas the

3457:'s nomenclature. These were the traditional understandings of the early 2737: 2688: 879: 12122: 11622: 11194: 10933: 10730: 10386: 10318: 9896: 9756: 9428: 9383: 9323: 9313: 9220: 9104: 9099: 8971: 8674: 8497: 8432: 7775:"THINKAPOLOGETICS.COM: Jesus- A Functional or Ontological Christology?" 6199: 3854: 3760: 3756: 3234: 2980: 2773: 2669: 2545: 2364: 2346:

First Council of Nicaea (325) and First Council of Constantinople (381)

2319: 2227: 2209: 2141: 1933: 1847: 1843: 1221: 1217: 1094: 465: 8295:

How Jesus became God: The Exaltation of a Jewish Preacher from Galilee

8020:"The Sixth Ecumenical Council – Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America" 7994:"The Fifth Ecumenical Council – Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America" 7097:

How Jesus became God: The Exaltation of a Jewish Preacher from Galilee

6290: 5273:"Is Jesus God? A Historical Evaluation Concerning the Deity of Christ" 3940: 3938: 3936: 3934: 1216:

The earliest Christian writings gave several titles to Jesus, such as

12187: 11351: 11199: 11034: 11024: 11017: 10975: 10970: 10765: 10725: 10030: 9764: 9628: 9603: 9593: 9498: 9478: 9318: 9200: 9071: 8954: 8850: 8783: 8384: 7609:, in Hawthorne, Gerald F.; Martin, Ralph P.; Reid, Daniel G. (eds.), 5314: 5312: 5310: 3915:

The Story of Christian Theology: Twenty Centuries of Tradition Reform

3685: 3431: 3413: 3169: 3116: 3098: 2579: 2472: 2454: 2402: 2397: 2393: 2193: 2089: 1611: 1581: 1351:

Several approaches can be distinguished within Christology. The term

1229: 1086: 627: 490: 460: 7803:

Collins English Dictionary, Complete & Unabridged 11th Edition,

5536:

Zupez, John (2014). "Celebrating God's Plan of Creation/Salvation".

10740: 10609: 9588: 9418: 9033: 9018: 8931: 8870: 8652: 8460: 6672: 5365:. Louisville, Kentucky: Westminster John Knox Press. pp. 1–7. 4133: 3931: 3777: 3535:, which largely determined the mediaeval development, saw Christ's 3058: 2975:

appear elsewhere in the New Testament, but Matthew builds on it in

2905: 2633: 2530: 2526: 2323: 2315: 2311: 1545: 1539: 1516: 1428: 1394: 1337: 1028: 902: 475: 346: 7924:""Early High Christology": A "Paradigm Shift"? "New Perspective"?" 7421:

Christology: A Biblical, Historical, and Systematic Study of Jesus

7199:

Christ in Christian Tradition: From the Apostolic Age to Chalcedon

5307: 5133:. "A further point of broad agreement among New Testament scholars 2254:, the Gospels do not claim to be an exhaustive list of his works. 12128: 12012: 11440: 11049: 11029: 10886: 10775: 10239: 9977: 9906: 9618: 9513: 9508: 9338: 9270: 9245: 9153: 8694: 8547: 5940:

Fundamentals of Catholicism: God, Trinity, Creation, Christ, Mary

4760:. Westminster John Knox Press. 1 January 1959. pp. 234–237. 4628: 4626: 4624: 4622: 4100: 4098: 3244: 3070: 2411: 2155: 1951: 1851: 1781: 1577: 1520: 1415: 1402: 1225: 1194: 1107: 510: 235: 208: 6138: 5222:

The challenge of Jesus : rediscovering who Jesus was and is

3957: 3955: 3953: 3730:' (Hurtado 2003, 11), and they include such eminent scholars as 12192: 12148: 11765: 10256: 9128: 8996: 7369:

Imperial unity and Christian divisions: The Church 450–680 A.D.

6844: 6542:

by Jack Dean Kingsbury, Mark Allan Powell, David R. Bauer 1999

6502:

by Jack Dean Kingsbury, Mark Allan Powell, David R. Bauer 1999

6086:, Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, p. 502, 3764: 3386: 3332:

Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen: "soteriology, the doctrine of salvation"

3074: 3066: 2643: 2557: 2151: 1924: 1856: 1697:. Gustaf Aulén reinterpreted the ransom theory, calling it the 1679: 1675: 1619: 1450:

Some historical christological doctrines gained broad support:

1231: 789: 662: 163: 6004: 5994: 5992: 4645: 4643: 4641: 4619: 4095: 4062: 3974: 3972: 3970: 3827: 3825: 3823: 1887:

who already possesses unity with the Father before the act of

11497: 10982: 10442: 10381: 10338: 9503: 9008: 8216:

Lord Jesus Christ: Devotion to Jesus in Earliest Christianity

7279:

Who wrote the New Testament? The making of the Christian myth

7149:

Christology in Cultural Perspective: Marking Out the Horizons

6916:

Bird, Michael F.; Evans, Craig A.; Gathercole, Simon (2014),

5422: 4511: 4509: 4507: 3950: 2466: 2460: 1960: 1686: 1190: 178: 140: 7766: 7107:

An introductory dictionary of theology and religious studies

5598: 5596: 5075: 4722:. Westminster John Knox Press. 1 January 1959. p. 202. 2842:); likewise, that "God created all things by Jesus Christ" ( 7439:

What did the Cross Achieve? The Logic of Penal Substitution

5989: 5225:. Downers Grove, Illinois: InterVarsity Press. p. 98. 4638: 4489:

pp. 96 & 124. Nashville, Tennessee: Thomas Nelson, Inc.

4469: 4467: 4240: 4156: 4115: 4113: 3967: 3878: 3876: 3820: 3308: 3294: 2964:

later impacted the theological issues and the devotions to

2673: 2104:(1980), Brian Hebblethwaite (1985) and David Brown (1985). 1716: 1706: 1318: 1304: 8380:

Encyclopædia Britannica, Christology – full access article

6583:

The speeches in Acts: their content, context, and concerns

6314: 6302: 4840: 4504: 4388: 4386: 7738: 7736: 7734: 7732: 7730: 5613: 5611: 5593: 4532: 4209: 4207: 4205: 3755:

The concept of "cosmic Christology", first elaborated by

3616:

The views of these schools can be summarized as follows:

3362:

and his human and divine natures and their relationship."

2330:

within the church in the second and third centuries, and

1754: 1614:

is the method by which human beings can be reconciled to

1210: 11466: 8194:

Jesus the Eternal Son: Answering Adoptionist Christology

6941:

Jesus the Eternal Son: Answering Adoptionist Christology

4975: 4973: 4791: 4789: 4464: 4452: 4425: 4110: 3989: 3987: 3873: 1726:('divinization') is a "corollary" of the recapitulation. 5739:

The Creed: The Apostolic Faith in Contemporary Theology

5362:

Jesus, Paul, and the Law: Studies in Mark and Galatians

4442: 4440: 4383: 3810: 3808: 3806: 2668:

in 787, known as the second of Nicaea. It supports the

2540:

The Council of Chalcedon fully promulgated the Western

2445:(coexisting natures after the hypostatic union) versus 2279:

Controversies and ecumenical councils (2nd–8th century)

2001:

Development of "low Christology" and "high Christology"

1568:(7th century), considered Christ to have only one will. 7727: 7699: 7697: 7217:

Winds of the Spirit: A Constructive Christian Theology

6992:, Collegeville, MN: Michael Glazier/Liturgical Press, 6278: 5608: 5295: 4958: 4923: 4921: 4852: 4828: 4202: 3999: 3893: 3891: 3012:

A central element in the christology presented in the

2055:", or the Early High Christology Club, which includes 1422:

A basic Christological teaching is that the person of

1275:

subscribe to this formulation, while many branches of

7503:

Encyclopedia of theology: a concise Sacramentum mundi

7412:

Focus on Jesus: Essays in Christology and Soteriology

7172:

Encyclopedia of Theology: A Concise Sacramentum Mundi

6763: 6333:

Encyclopedia of theology: a concise Sacramentum mundi

5570:

Encyclopedia of theology: a concise Sacramentum mundi

5032: 5030: 5028: 5026: 5024: 4985: 4970: 4818: 4816: 4786: 4403: 4401: 4317: 4192: 4190: 4188: 4182:

by Millard J. Erickson, L. Arnold Hustad 2001, p. 234

4085: 4083: 4081: 4079: 4077: 3984: 3944: 3696:

on, the figure has been regarded as the preincarnate

1548:(4th century) viewed the divine nature of Jesus, the 1432:) form a duality, as they coexist within one person ( 7409: 7318:

The Person of Christ: Contours of Christian Theology

6296: 5009: 4933: 4551:

Creation and redemption: a study in Pauline theology

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on the pre-existence of the soul, and other topics.

2489:

according to the faith put forth at the Councils of

1809: 8064: 7694: 7542:

Who is Jesus? : an introduction to Christology

6915: 6764:Armentrout, Donald S.; Boak Slocum, Robert (2005), 5631:"Internet History Sourcebooks: Medieval Sourcebook" 4918: 4413: 4350:"Christ's Atonement as the Model for Civil Justice" 4228: 3888: 3867: 3574:

Christ suffering for, or punished for, the sinners.

3300: 3288: 2825:

and the eternal divine nature of Christ as Creator.

2554:, the proposition that Christ has one human nature 1950:is also conjectured to be the Greek translation of 1310: 1298: 7240:The Work of Christ. Contours of Christian Theology 6985: 6973:. trans. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press. 5439: 5437: 5087: 5021: 4997: 4888: 4813: 4553:by John G. Gibbs 1971 Brill Publishers pp. 151–153 4398: 4329: 4185: 4074: 4011: 3488: 2852:He has neither beginning of days, nor end of life" 1519:): God as one, in contrast to the doctrine of the 7524:An Evangelical Christology: Ecumenic and Historic 4907: 4905: 4903: 4864: 4305: 4280: 3837: 3315:), translated from Greek as 'the study of Christ' 2383: 2162:The oldest Christian sources are the writings of 1209:from what would otherwise be the consequences of 12248: 7865: 7863: 7861: 7859: 7816:, retrieved 3 October 2012: "2. (often capital) 7648: 7646: 7644: 7642: 7640: 7638: 7195: 6500:Who do you say that I am?: essays on Christology 6084:The Christian Philosophy of Saint Thomas Aquinas 6023:The Westminster Dictionary of Christian Theology 5838:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. pp. 211–218. 5318: 4876: 4801: 4632: 2634:Fifth–Seventh Ecumenical Council (553, 681, 787) 7828: 7826: 7105:Espín, Orlando O.; Nickoloff, James B. (2007), 6540:Who do you say that I am? Essays on Christology 5901:The Blackwell Companion to Eastern Christianity 5434: 5261:(Cambridge University Press, 2017), pp. 100–135 4277:(London: Macmillan & Co, 1956), pp. 71–77 2 3516:is that of the Reformers and their successors." 3001:The accounts of the crucifixion and subsequent 2986: 2767: 2289: 1973:came to represent his lordship over the world. 1638:in particular through the suffering, death and 581:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 11818:Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament 8338: 7953: 7951: 7949: 7104: 6957:Chilton, Bruce. "The Son of Man: Who Was He?" 6605: 6603: 6601: 6599: 6196:Christology: Key Readings in Christian Thought 4900: 4662: 4660: 4658: 3961: 3225:Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament 2887: 2125:The study of the various Christologies of the 1709:, which had held humankind in their dominion.; 11482: 11156:Architecture of cathedrals and great churches 10855: 10272: 8400: 7856: 7635: 7418: 7259:, vol. 169, Cambridge University Press, 7165:(1975), "Jesus Christ: III. Christology", in 6832: 6144: 5978:by Carl E. Braaten and Robert W. Jenson 2004 5428: 4162: 4104: 4068: 3831: 3759:, focuses on how the arrival of Jesus as the 2936: 2504: 2477:). In 451, the Council of Chalcedon affirmed 2392:was initially called to address the views of 1377:and the second century Apologists." The term 1197:what his role would be in the freeing of the 1158: 728: 7823: 7707:Lecture 8: The Work of Jesus Christ: Summary 7601: 7134:The Foundations of New Testament Christology 7011:Jesus Remembered: Christianity in the Making 6951:An Introduction to New Testament Christology 6558: 6556: 6493: 6224:. Moscow, Idaho: Canon Press. pp. 6–7. 5811:. Westminster John Knox Press. p. 120. 5465:Enslin, Morton S. (1975). "John and Jesus". 4649: 4298:Leon Morris, 'Theories of the Atonement' in 3725: 3670: 2050: 2020: 1780:, developed, or most notably propagated, by 1286: 9546: 7946: 7875:"Incarnation Christology, Angels, and Paul" 7473: 7410:O'Collins, Gerald; Kendall, Daniel (1996), 6596: 5998: 5391: 5212: 4655: 4175: 4173: 4171: 3908: 3906: 3536: 3530: 3524: 3471: 3340: 3048: 2318:argued Jesus was an ordinary mortal, while 2302:views on the Person of Christ, alternative 1928:for Jesus is central to the development of 1795: 1698: 1655: 11813:New Testament places associated with Jesus 11808:Historical background of the New Testament 11489: 11475: 10279: 10265: 8407: 8393: 8366:Atonement Theories: A Way through the Maze 7494:Atonement Theories: A Way through the Maze 7445: 7362: 7222: 7219:. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press. 7161: 6895: 6823: 6320: 6025:by Alan Richardson and John Bowden (1983) 6010: 5742:. Twenty-Third Publications. p. 114. 5559: 5400:"St. Paul the Apostle – Theological views" 4581: 4579: 4487:Living With Confidence in a Chaotic World, 4473: 4458: 4431: 4246: 4119: 4005: 3978: 3547: 1836: 1689:or to death itself, in some views paid to 1438:). There are no direct discussions in the 1165: 1151: 735: 721: 70: 7122: 6553: 6353:The eschatology of Hans Urs von Balthasar 5835:Doctrine and Practice in the Early Church 5735: 5602: 4710: 4673:. Mittal Publications. pp. 229–235. 3713: 2120: 1715:, which says that Christ succeeded where 1201:from foreign rulers or in the prophesied 12140:Jacob (paternal grandfather per Matthew) 7474:Price, Richard; Gaddis, Michael (2006), 7196:Grillmeier, Aloys; Bowden, John (1975), 6824:Beilby, James K.; Eddy, Paul R. (2009), 6814: 6475: 6473: 6075: 5969: 5804: 5774: 5700:The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire 5081: 4748: 4168: 4131: 3903: 2508: 2226: 2215:The Pauline epistles also advanced the " 2136: 1527:but followed today by certain groups of 1406: 31: 7607:"Christology – Paul's christology" 7571: 7398: 7330: 7295: 6826:The Nature of the Atonement: Four Views 6219: 6189: 6112:. Mittal Publications. pp. 76–79. 6105: 6099: 6049:. Mittal Publications. pp. 74–76. 6042: 5930: 5859:Chafer, Lewis Sperry (1 January 1993). 5330: 5150: 4939: 4858: 4834: 4666: 4599: 4576: 4538: 4515: 4347: 4213: 3676:Proponents of Christ's deity argue the 3523:What the Reformers did was to redefine 2780:, are called "scholastic Christology". 2718: 2368:(of the same being) as the Father. The 2129:is based on early Christian documents. 14: 12249: 9837:Conditional preservation of the saints 9646: 8414: 8147: 7869: 7772: 7592: 7580: 7539: 7500: 7436: 7093: 7058: 7026: 6734:The Evangelical Dictionary of Theology 6308: 6163:. Peeters Publishers. pp. 25–35. 6150: 6081: 6036: 5891: 5858: 5617: 5464: 5301: 5218: 4991: 4979: 4894: 4846: 4822: 4795: 4563:Mercer Commentary on the New Testament 4556: 4446: 4407: 4392: 4234: 4196: 3993: 3882: 3814: 2872: 2474:mía phýsis toû theoû lógou sesarkōménē 1556:, e.g., by having a beginning in time. 11962: 11470: 10260: 9695: 9645: 9545: 9370: 8388: 7957: 7844:from the original on 27 February 2019 7834:"The Origin of "Divine Christology"?" 7785:from the original on 19 November 2018 7561:. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans Publishing. 7522:(1993), "Christology at the Center", 7351:from the original on 14 December 2023 7151:. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans Publishing. 7082:from the original on 14 December 2023 7047:from the original on 14 December 2023 7033:, New York: Oxford University Press, 6983: 6948: 6781: 6766:An Episcopal dictionary of the church 6520:The theology of the Gospel of Matthew 6470: 6177:from the original on 14 December 2023 6156: 6126:from the original on 14 December 2023 6063:from the original on 14 December 2023 5957:from the original on 14 December 2023 5936: 5904:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 88. 5897: 5879:from the original on 14 December 2023 5865:. Kregel Academic. pp. 382–384. 5805:González, Justo L. (1 January 2005). 5781:by James P. Campbell, 2005, pp. 17–20 5756:from the original on 14 December 2023 5535: 5379:from the original on 14 December 2023 5283:from the original on 8 September 2022 5239:from the original on 14 December 2023 5183: 5171:from the original on 14 December 2023 4419: 4252: 4144:from the original on 14 December 2023 4132:Bobichon, Philippe (1 January 2011). 4089: 4050:from the original on 14 December 2023 4017: 3912: 3897: 3485:Called by Aulén the "scholastic" view 2437:(two natures united as one after the 2433:The First Council of Ephesus debated 2342:from the Church of the Roman Empire. 7744:"CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Christology" 7518: 7491: 7476:The acts of the Council of Chalcedon 7386:from the original on 12 January 2023 7272: 7252: 7005: 6970:The Christology of the New Testament 6937: 6284: 6109:Christology: Biblical And Historical 6046:Christology: Biblical And Historical 5943:. Ignatius Press. pp. 228–231. 5831: 5410:from the original on 26 October 2020 5355: 5270: 5093: 5036: 5015: 5003: 4964: 4927: 4882: 4870: 4807: 4757:The Christology of the New Testament 4719:The Christology of the New Testament 4670:Christology: Biblical And Historical 4606:Historical Theology: An Introduction 4335: 4323: 4311: 4286: 4029: 3848: 3323: 2900: 2732: 2683: 2664:was called under the Empress Regent 2501:title and excommunicated Nestorius. 2468:μία φύσις τοῦ θεοῦ λόγου σεσαρκωμένη 1685:, usually said to have been paid to 9723:Christian views on the Old Covenant 9371: 7797: 7441:, Tyndale Biblical Theology Lecture 7334:Christian theology: an introduction 7175:(reprint ed.), A&C Black, 6899:Sourcebook of the world's religions 6106:Johnson, Mini S. (1 January 2005). 6043:Johnson, Mini S. (1 January 2005). 5397: 5194:"An Embarrassing Misrepresentation" 4667:Johnson, Mini S. (1 January 2005). 4500:Renegade Gospel, The Jesus Manifold 3917:. InterVarsity Press. p. 158. 3032: 2815:Article 10 of the Belgic Confession 2679: 1778:Moral influence theory of atonement 1388: 1267:in 451 issued a formulation of the 576:Members Church of God International 24: 12131:(traditional maternal grandfather) 12125:(traditional maternal grandmother) 8141:Christology: A Global Introduction 8124: 8052:from the original on 24 March 2015 8026:from the original on 26 March 2015 8000:from the original on 26 March 2015 7974:from the original on 21 April 2018 7885:from the original on 22 April 2018 7225:Christology: A Global Introduction 6896:Beversluis, Joel Diederik (2000), 6802:from the original on 26 March 2023 6652:Evangelical Dictionary of Theology 5918:from the original on 26 March 2023 4774:from the original on 26 March 2023 3763:forever changed the nature of the 3215:Life of Jesus in the New Testament 1741:(1033/4–1109), which teaches that 1369:('the Word'), as expressed in the 25: 12288: 10154:Attributes of God in Christianity 9696: 8373: 8082:from the original on 6 April 2019 7934:from the original on 1 March 2019 7715:from the original on 6 March 2019 7686:The Work of Jesus Christ: Summary 7664:from the original on 1 March 2019 7233:The Christology of Mark's Gospel. 5271:Loke, Andrew (18 February 2019). 4736:from the original on 8 April 2023 4687:from the original on 5 April 2023 4372:from the original on 17 June 2020 4354:American Journal of Jurisprudence 3945:Armentrout & Boak Slocum 2005 3868:Bird, Evans & Gathercole 2014 3508:It held sway for a thousand years 3405:and were eventually abandoned by 2892:The 19th century saw the rise of 2817:, a confessional standard of the 2793:principle of perfection of Christ 2497:. The council also confirmed the 2380:were being used interchangeably. 1810:Early Christologies (1st century) 27:Theological study of Jesus Christ 12231: 12230: 11451: 11450: 11439: 10567:State church of the Roman Empire 10286: 10238: 8339:Fletcher-Louis, Crispin (2015), 8323:The Origin of Divine Christology 8094: 8038: 8012: 7986: 7916: 7903:[Bart Ehrman (6 February 2013), 7754:from the original on 3 July 2017 7256:The Origin of Divine Christology 7125:The encyclopedia of Christianity 6817:Jesus: A Very Short Introduction 6722: 6698: 6678: 6666: 6657: 6644: 6623: 6576: 6533: 6513: 6450: 6430: 6410: 6386: 6366: 6346: 6326: 6258: 6238: 6213: 6016: 5852: 5825: 5798: 5775:Campbell, James P. (June 2010). 5768: 5729: 5712:A concise dictionary of theology 5705: 5689: 5676: 5663: 5653: 5641:from the original on 10 May 2023 5623: 5582: 5548: 5529: 5518: 5507: 5458: 5349: 5324: 5264: 5259:The Origin of Divine Christology 5251: 5144: 5112: 5099: 5064: 5053: 5042: 3783: 3770: 3749: 3703: 2736: 2687: 2640:Second Council of Constantinople 1912:on the story of divine Wisdom". 1898: 1767:Governmental theory of atonement 1735:Satisfaction theory of atonement 1523:. Condemned as heretical in the 762: 702: 38:The Resurrection of Jesus Christ 12262:Ancient Christian controversies 12137:(paternal grandfather per Luke) 10550:First seven ecumenical councils 8197:, Wim. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 8100:"Mariology Is Christology", in 7958:Bouma, Jeremy (27 March 2014). 7897: 7676: 7450:, Westminster John Knox Press, 7223:Kärkkäinen, Veli-Matti (2016), 7202:, Westminster John Knox Press, 5335:. Minneapolis: Fortress Press. 4945: 4699: 4544: 4521: 4492: 4479: 4341: 4292: 4264: 4219: 4125: 4023: 3649: 3635: 3630:assumes a specific human being. 3623:assumes a general human nature; 3610: 3577: 3568: 3556: 3479: 3464: 3447: 3440:Third Council of Constantinople 3418:First Council of Constantinople 3391: 3380: 3370: 3250:Scholastic Lutheran Christology 3230:Religious perspectives on Jesus 2651:Third Council of Constantinople 2360:First Council of Constantinople 2285:First seven ecumenical councils 1881:), Jesus Christ is the eternal 1261:first seven ecumenical councils 12267:Catholic theology and doctrine 11841:Quest for the historical Jesus 11417:Relations with other religions 10823:Church of the East (Nestorian) 10818:Oriental Orthodox (Miaphysite) 10227:Lists of Christian theologians 9925:Separation of church and state 8325:, Cambridge University Press, 7470:, T & T Clark, 1994 Vol.2. 7013:, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 6949:Brown, Raymond Edward (2004), 6457:All the Doctrines of the Bible 4180:Introducing Christian Doctrine 3727:Religionsgeschichtliche Schule 3278: 3145:Christian messianic prophecies 2883:Quest for the Historical Jesus 2809: 2384:First Council of Ephesus (431) 2222: 2052:Religionsgeschichtliche Schule 2022:Religionsgeschichtliche Schule 1552:, as distinct and inferior to 1371:prologue to the Gospel of John 1348:" standpoints of Christology. 586:The New Church (Swedenborgian) 531:Nondenominational Christianity 13: 1: 10232:Outline of Christian theology 9196:History of Christian theology 8343:, Wipf and Stock Publishers, 8321:Loke, Andrew Ter Ern (2017), 7526:, Regent College Publishing, 7446:Pannenberg, Wolfhart (1968), 7298:Christianity: an introduction 7253:Loke, Andrew Ter Ern (2017), 7235:Philadelphia: Fortress Press. 7231:Kingsbury, Jack Dean (1989). 6944:, Wim. B. Eerdmans Publishing 6373:Theology of the New Testament 6198:by Jeff Astley, David Brown, 6157:Goris, Harm J. M. J. (2002). 5736:Marthaler, Berard L. (1993). 5120:The Metaphor of God Incarnate 5105:Robinson, John A. T. (1963), 4608:by Geoffrey W. Bromiley 2000 4300:Elwell Evangelical Dictionary 3796: 2823:eternal generation of the Son 2376:and the second Person of the 1877:of thought (fashioned on the 1622:'s sacrificial suffering and 41: 10006:Baptism with the Holy Spirit 7773:Chabot, Eric (11 May 2009). 7597:, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing 7572:Talbert, Charles H. (2011), 7337:, Malden, Mass.: Blackwell, 7331:McGrath, Alister E. (2007), 7296:McGrath, Alister E. (2006), 7131:Fuller, Reginald H. (1965). 6297:O'Collins & Kendall 1996 5832:Hall, Stuart George (1992). 5333:Paul and Palestinian Judaism 5331:Sanders, E. P. (1977). 5319:Grillmeier & Bowden 1975 4633:Grillmeier & Bowden 1975 3497:Vincent Taylor (1956): "the 3309: 3295: 3092: 3061:and more fully developed by 2987:Crucifixion and resurrection 2768:Western medieval Christology 2473: 2455: 2290:Post-Apostolic controversies 1965: 1955: 1591: 1414:, Holy Trinity's monastery, 1319: 1305: 1230: 591:Unitarians and Universalists 7: 11124:Views on poverty and wealth 10174:Love of God in Christianity 10042:Christian reconstructionism 9810:Priesthood of all believers 8731:extra Ecclesiam nulla salus 7242:. Downer Grove: IVP, 1993, 7147:Greene, Colin J.D. (2004). 7068:, Oxford University Press, 6918:"Endnotes – Chapter 1" 6220:Needham, Nick, ed. (2021). 5808:Essential Theological Terms 4585:Charles T. Waldrop (1985). 3401:teachings were attacked by 3205:Kingship and Kingdom of God 3132: 2888:Liberal Protestant theology 2544:understanding put forth by 2354:defined the persons of the 1344:Christology" analyzes the " 10: 12293: 11791:Five Discourses of Matthew 11369:World Evangelical Alliance 11331:Traditionalist Catholicism 8240:Hurtado, Larry W. (2005), 7905:"The Earliest Christology" 7540:Rausch, Thomas P. (2003), 7419:O'Collins, Gerald (2009), 7215:Hodgson, Peter C. (1994). 6984:Davis, Leo Donald (1990), 6751: 6355:by Nicholas J. Healy 2005 6267:by I. John Hesselink 1997 6247:by Stephen Edmondson 2004 5898:Parry, Ken (10 May 2010). 5481:10.1515/zntw.1975.66.1-2.1 5151:Hurtado, Larry W. (2005). 3962:Espín & Nickoloff 2007 3329:The work of Jesus Christ: 3301: 3289: 3096: 3036: 2990: 2940: 2937:Nativity and the Holy Name 2876: 2722: 2596:Oriental Orthodox Churches 2505:Council of Chalcedon (451) 2467: 2461: 2314:did not endorse divinity, 2282: 2196:for the sins of everyone. 2004: 1813: 1668:Ransom theory of atonement 1650:. Due to the influence of 1595: 1392: 1311: 1299: 1279:reject it, subscribing to 1277:Oriental Orthodox Churches 12226: 12158: 12077: 12003: 11926: 11883: 11826: 11756: 11522: 11504: 11496: 11434: 11384: 11364:World Council of Churches 11339: 11257: 11141: 11132: 11087: 10872: 10856: 10851:Latter Day Saint movement 10836: 10796: 10696: 10677: 10623: 10580: 10525: 10431: 10410: 10369: 10337: 10294: 10222: 10146: 10103: 10070: 10029: 9996: 9933: 9905: 9862: 9708: 9704: 9691: 9654: 9641: 9554: 9541: 9379: 9366: 9357: 9284: 9206:Calvinist–Arminian debate 9186: 9042: 8945: 8885: 8670: 8661: 8613: 8546: 8488: 8479: 8431: 8422: 7593:Weaver, J. Denny (2001), 7123:Fahlbusch, Erwin (1999), 6938:Bird, Michael F. (2017), 6857:10.1163/15685276-12341457 6819:, Oxford University Press 6732:" by T. E. McComiskey in 6675:, 1996, Volume 23, p. 175 6585:by Marion L. Soards 1994 6563:New Testament christology 6419:by Manlio Simonetti 2001 4348:Tuomala, Jeffrey (1993), 4036:. BRILL. pp. 59–62. 4030:Chan, Mark L. Y. (2001). 3590:, as well the notions of 3476:way of seeing the cross." 3434:and Ecumenical Patriarch 3407:proto-orthodox Christians 3397:Heretical Christologies: 3123:Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger 3107:Some Christians, notably 2931: 2449:(only one nature) versus 1915: 1797:De Jesu Christo servatore 1670:, which teaches that the 1602:Atonement in Christianity 1598:Salvation in Christianity 1287:Definition and approaches 12018:In comparative mythology 11392:Anti-Christian sentiment 10572:Christian biblical canon 9943:Confessional Lutheranism 8148:Reeves, Michael (2015). 7910:28 February 2019 at the 7595:The Nonviolent Atonement 7399:Netland, Harold (2001), 7282:, Harper San Francisco, 7027:Ehrman, Bart D. (1993), 6565:by Frank J. Matera 1999 6459:by Herbert Lockyer 1988 6439:by Louise Perrotta 2004 6265:Calvin's First Catechism 6222:The Three Forms of Unity 6082:Gilson, Etienne (1994), 5443:Larry R. Helyer (2008). 5129:14 December 2023 at the 4587:Karl Barth's christology 4565:by Watson E. Mills 2003 4498:Massengale, Jamey. 2013. 3913:Olson, Roger E. (1999). 3271: 3260:Transfiguration of Jesus 3150:Christian views of Jesus 3103:Roman Catholic Mariology 2662:Second Council of Nicaea 2390:First Council of Ephesus 1794:(1539–1604) in his work 998:Christological doctrines 12171:Interactions with women 11446:Christianity portal 10605:Investiture Controversy 9805:Protestant ecclesiology 9548:Eastern Orthodox Church 8368:, James Clarke & Co 8183:, Philosophical Library 7964:Zondervan Academic Blog 7496:, James Clarke & Co 7137:. New York: Scribners. 6782:Baker, Mark D. (2006). 6375:by Georg Strecker 2000 5999:Price & Gaddis 2006 5937:Baker, Kenneth (1982). 5635:sourcebooks.fordham.edu 5404:Encyclopedia Britannica 4485:Jeremiah, David. 2009. 3255:Second Coming of Christ 3155:Christological argument 3065:. It states that Jesus 3053:) of Jesus Christ is a 2729:Eastern Orthodox Church 2459:('but being made one', 2410:and later contradicted 2352:First Council of Nicaea 2132: 2088:, questioned the idea. 1995:pre-existence of Christ 1837:Early notions of Christ 1828:Pre-existence of Christ 1503:Chalcedonian Definition 1479:Eastern Orthodox Church 1361:pre-existence of Christ 12181:Mary, sister of Martha 11801:Oral gospel traditions 11397:Christian universalism 10788:Western Rite Orthodoxy 10633:Protestant Reformation 10159:Christian universalism 10095:Wesleyan Quadrilateral 10085:Imparted righteousness 9968:Lutheran scholasticism 9822:Protestant Soteriology 8175:Moehlman, Conrad Henry 8168:Early high Christology 8137:Kärkkäinen, Veli-Matti 7970:Christian Publishing. 7613:, InterVarsity Press, 7557:Schwarz, Hans (1998). 7437:Packer, J. I. (1973), 7414:, Gracewing Publishing 6482:by David D. Kupp 1997 5357:Dunn, James D. G. 5219:Wright, N. T. (1999). 4474:Beilby & Eddy 2009 4459:Beilby & Eddy 2009 4432:Beilby & Eddy 2009 4247:Beilby & Eddy 2009 3790:nowadays is excluded." 3726: 3537: 3531: 3525: 3472: 3265:Universal resurrection 3049: 2860: 2745:This section is empty. 2696:This section is empty. 2562:and one divine nature 2518: 2242: 2159: 2121:New Testament writings 2051: 2021: 1871: 1796: 1699: 1656: 1419: 1379:Christology from below 1353:Christology from above 844:Communicatio idiomatum 48: 12272:Christian terminology 11908:Life of Christ Museum 11903:Life of Christ in art 11055:Anointing of the Sick 10169:Grace in Christianity 9983:Theology of the Cross 9424:Immaculate Conception 9119:New Covenant theology 8538:Social trinitarianism 8114:5 August 2008 at the 7812:26 March 2023 at the 7501:Rahner, Karl (2004), 7320:. Downer Grove: IVP, 7094:Ehrman, Bart (2014), 6902:, New World Library, 6815:Bauckham, R. (2011), 6768:, Church Publishing, 6612:by Hans Schwarz 1998 6437:Matthew 1-2/ Luke 1–2 5257:Andrew Ter Ern Loke, 5199:24 March 2019 at the 3690:the Angel of the Lord 3588:resurrection of Jesus 3140:Catholic spirituality 3003:resurrection of Jesus 2997:Resurrection of Jesus 2850:). And the apostle: " 2827: 2795:'s human attributes. 2612:Armenian Apostolicism 2537:consider ecumenical. 2512: 2230: 2140: 1862: 1832:Incarnation of Christ 1774:Subjective paradigm: 1713:Recapitulation theory 1640:resurrection of Jesus 1410: 35: 11724:Sayings on the cross 11682:Entry into Jerusalem 11376:Nondenominationalism 11249:Role in civilization 10716:Independent Catholic 10658:Relations with Islam 10638:Catholic Reformation 10090:Second work of grace 10080:Christian perfection 9948:Evangelical Catholic 9832:Conditional election 9750:Evangelical theology 9389:Apostolic succession 8705:Conditional Security 7928:Larry Hurtado's Blog 7879:The Bart Ehrman Blog 7873:(14 February 2013). 7838:Larry Hurtado's Blog 7779:THINKAPOLOGETICS.COM 7588:, Macmillan & Co 7544:, Liturgical Press, 7405:, InterVarsity Press 7109:, Liturgical Press, 6828:, InterVarsity Press 6684:Raymond Burke, 2008 6335:by Karl Rahner 2004 6245:Calvin's Christology 5637:. Vol. XIV, p. 207. 4951:Geza Vermez (2008), 4913:How Jesus became God 4849:, pp. 120, 122. 4366:10.1093/ajj/38.1.221 3870:, p. 134, n. 5. 3494:Penal substitution: 3160:Crucifixion of Jesus 3014:Acts of the Apostles 2993:Crucifixion of Jesus 2719:Eastern Christianity 2628:Formula of Hormisdas 2623:Eastern Roman Empire 2523:Council of Chalcedon 1932:Christology. In the 1873:Historically in the 1824:Exaltation of Christ 1788:Moral example theory 1739:Anselm of Canterbury 1731:Objective paradigm: 1664:Classical paradigm: 1459:Council of Chalcedon 1265:Council of Chalcedon 1137:Lutheran Christology 428:Independent Catholic 12277:Systematic theology 12213:Race and appearance 12151:(traditional uncle) 12057:Jesus the Splendour 11699:Agony in the Garden 11614:Sermon on the Mount 11422:Unlimited atonement 11407:Cultural Christians 10846:Jehovah's Witnesses 10468:Sermon on the Mount 10397:Christian tradition 10324:Lists of Christians 10245:Christianity portal 10214:Unlimited atonement 10021:Prosperity theology 9852:Unlimited atonement 9564:Cataphatic theology 9469:Papal infallibility 9414:Ecumenical Councils 9266:Counter-Reformation 8150:Rejoicing in Christ 8106:The Mary Hypothesis 7586:The Cross of Christ 7468:Systematic Theology 7464:Wolfhart Pannenberg 6631:The mystery of Mary 6629:Paul Haffner, 2004 6522:by Ulrich Luz 1995 6311:, pp. 755–767. 6013:, pp. 287–289. 5976:Mary, Mother of God 5862:Systematic Theology 5779:Mary and the Saints 5084:, pp. 110–111. 4518:, pp. 137–141. 4275:The Cross of Christ 3403:Ignatius of Antioch 2956:as the savior. The 2873:Modern developments 2608:Ethiopian Orthodoxy 2588:Eastern Catholicism 2515:Miaphysite Churches 2424:Cyril of Alexandria 2414:during a sermon in 2332:ecumenical councils 2308:ecumenical councils 2086:John A. T. Robinson 2007:Exaltation of Jesus 1891:. In contrast, the 1626:. Atonement is the 1375:Ignatius of Antioch 1131:Extra calvinisticum 750:Part of a series on 709:Christianity portal 566:Jehovah's Witnesses 246:History of theology 12198:Rejection of Jesus 11875:Christ myth theory 11692:Farewell Discourse 11267:Crusading movement 10535:Ante-Nicene period 10057:Lordship salvation 9963:Lutheran orthodoxy 9915:Believer's baptism 9648:Oriental Orthodoxy 9559:Apophatic theology 9519:Transubstantiation 9404:Christian humanism 9394:Assumption of Mary 8416:Christian theology 8364:Pugh, Ben (2015), 8076:www.britannica.com 7840:. 9 October 2017. 7658:www.britannica.com 7492:Pugh, Ben (2015), 6788:. Baker Academic. 6705:Theology for Today 6650:Walter A. Elwell, 6480:Matthew's Emmanuel 5702:(1776–1788), p. 21 5514:2 Corinthians 5:17 4967:, pp. ix, xi. 4541:, pp. 137–41. 3885:, p. ch. 6–9. 3680:has many cases of 3425:Council of Ephesus 3185:Genealogy of Jesus 2966:Holy Name of Jesus 2947:Holy Name of Jesus 2925:Hans von Balthasar 2894:Liberal Protestant 2619:Chalcedonian Creed 2584:Church of the East 2519: 2340:Church of the East 2243: 2217:cosmic Christology 2190:Council of Ephesus 2160: 2082:Bishop of Woolwich 1963:'. While the term 1936:it translates the 1875:Alexandrian school 1761:Penal substitution 1608:Christian theology 1487:Church of the East 1420: 1412:Christ Pantocrator 1238:preexistent figure 448:Church of the East 312:Early Christianity 49: 12244: 12243: 12166:Language of Jesus 12113:Brothers of Jesus 11985:Session of Christ 11861:Mara bar Serapion 11662:Great Commandment 11557:Flight into Egypt 11464: 11463: 11430: 11429: 11358:Charta Oecumenica 10868: 10867: 10858:Iglesia ni Cristo 10673: 10672: 10653:French Revolution 10643:Thirty Years' War 10515:Apostolic fathers 10483:Great Commandment 10254: 10253: 10142: 10141: 10138: 10137: 10134: 10133: 10121:Messianic Judaism 9920:Immersion baptism 9872:Anglo-Catholicism 9733:Dispensationalism 9728:Covenant theology 9687: 9686: 9679:Aphthartodocetism 9637: 9636: 9537: 9536: 9182: 9181: 9062:Dispensationalism 9029:Church discipline 8881: 8880: 8861:Union with Christ 8633:Angelic hierarchy 8609: 8608: 8350:978-1-7252-5622-4 8314:978-0-310-51961-4 8282:978-0-8028-4559-7 8269:Bauckham, Richard 8212:Hurtado, Larry W. 8204:978-0-8028-7506-8 7748:www.newadvent.org 7620:978-0-8308-7491-0 7603:Witherington, Ben 7551:978-0-8146-5078-3 7512:978-0-86012-006-3 7485:978-0-85323-039-7 7457:978-0-664-24468-2 7448:Jesus God and Man 7430:978-0-19-955787-5 7379:978-0-88-141056-3 7344:978-1-4051-5360-7 7307:978-1-4051-0901-7 7289:978-0-06-065517-4 7266:978-1-108-19142-5 7209:978-0-664-22301-4 7163:Grillmeier, Alois 7116:978-0-8146-5856-7 7075:978-0-19-972712-4 7040:978-0-19-510279-6 7020:978-0-8028-3931-2 7007:Dunn, James D. G. 6999:978-0-8146-5616-7 6961:August 1996, 35+. 6931:978-0-310-51961-4 6909:978-1-57731-121-8 6795:978-1-4412-0627-5 6775:978-0-89869-211-2 6730:Angel of the Lord 6299:, pp. 30–31. 6170:978-90-429-1074-4 6147:, p. 208–12. 6119:978-81-8324-007-9 6093:978-0-268-00801-7 6056:978-81-8324-007-9 5950:978-0-89870-019-0 5911:978-1-4443-3361-9 5872:978-0-8254-2340-6 5845:978-0-8028-0629-1 5818:978-0-664-22810-1 5749:978-0-89622-537-4 5682:Charles Freeman, 5669:Jonathan Kirsch, 5342:978-0-8006-1899-5 5321:, pp. 15–19. 4767:978-0-664-24351-7 4729:978-0-664-24351-7 4680:978-81-8324-007-9 4650:Witherington 2009 4395:, pp. 71–72. 4326:, pp. 1, 26. 4249:, pp. 11–20. 4107:, pp. 16–17. 4043:978-90-04-11844-7 3981:, pp. 21–22. 3924:978-0-8308-1505-0 3220:Miracles of Jesus 3200:Harrowing of Hell 3195:Great Tribulation 3127:Pope Benedict XVI 2953:Nativity of Jesus 2943:Nativity of Jesus 2901:Roman Catholicism 2765: 2764: 2716: 2715: 2592:Eastern Orthodoxy 2568:Roman Catholicism 2483:Oriental Orthodox 2039:appeared on earth 1893:Antiochian school 1499:Reformed Churches 1469:Oriental Orthodox 1273:Eastern Orthodoxy 1175: 1174: 850:Consubstantiality 745: 744: 598: 597: 571:Latter Day Saints 556:Iglesia ni Cristo 521:United Protestant 506:Plymouth Brethren 441:Oriental Orthodox 16:(Redirected from 12284: 12234: 12233: 12109:(alleged father) 11963:Person of Christ 11836:Historical Jesus 11667:Olivet Discourse 11595:Great Commission 11491: 11484: 11477: 11468: 11467: 11454: 11453: 11444: 11443: 11287:Environmentalism 11237:Church buildings 11139: 11138: 10954:Eastern Orthodox 10949:Eastern Catholic 10861: 10860: 10828:Eastern Catholic 10806:Eastern Orthodox 10694: 10693: 10615:Age of Discovery 10600:East–West Schism 10498:Great Commission 10429: 10428: 10281: 10274: 10267: 10258: 10257: 10242: 10034: 9842:Prevenient grace 9706: 9705: 9693: 9692: 9643: 9642: 9574:Essence–energies 9543: 9542: 9484:Quartodecimanism 9368: 9367: 9364: 9363: 9276:Great Awakenings 8911:Incurvatus in se 8668: 8667: 8565:Hypostatic union 8486: 8485: 8456:Biblical studies 8429: 8428: 8409: 8402: 8395: 8386: 8385: 8369: 8353: 8335: 8317: 8299: 8298:, Harper Collins 8285: 8264: 8236: 8207: 8189:Bird, Michael F. 8184: 8163: 8144: 8143:, Baker Academic 8118: 8102:Vittorio Messori 8098: 8092: 8091: 8089: 8087: 8068: 8062: 8061: 8059: 8057: 8042: 8036: 8035: 8033: 8031: 8016: 8010: 8009: 8007: 8005: 7990: 7984: 7983: 7981: 7979: 7955: 7944: 7943: 7941: 7939: 7930:. 10 July 2015. 7920: 7914: 7901: 7895: 7894: 7892: 7890: 7867: 7854: 7853: 7851: 7849: 7830: 7821: 7801: 7795: 7794: 7792: 7790: 7770: 7764: 7763: 7761: 7759: 7740: 7725: 7724: 7722: 7720: 7701: 7692: 7691: 7680: 7674: 7673: 7671: 7669: 7650: 7623: 7598: 7589: 7577: 7554: 7536: 7520:Ramm, Bernard L. 7515: 7497: 7488: 7460: 7442: 7433: 7415: 7406: 7395: 7393: 7391: 7364:Meyendorff, John 7359: 7358: 7356: 7310: 7292: 7269: 7238:Letham, Robert. 7228: 7227:, Baker Academic 7212: 7192: 7191: 7189: 7128: 7119: 7101: 7100:, Harper Collins 7090: 7089: 7087: 7055: 7054: 7052: 7023: 7002: 6991: 6954: 6945: 6934: 6912: 6892: 6849:Brill Publishers 6829: 6820: 6811: 6809: 6807: 6778: 6745: 6726: 6720: 6702: 6696: 6682: 6676: 6670: 6664: 6661: 6655: 6648: 6642: 6633:Gracewing Press 6627: 6621: 6607: 6594: 6580: 6574: 6560: 6551: 6537: 6531: 6517: 6511: 6497: 6491: 6477: 6468: 6454: 6448: 6434: 6428: 6414: 6408: 6397:Grant R. Osborne 6390: 6384: 6370: 6364: 6350: 6344: 6330: 6324: 6318: 6312: 6306: 6300: 6294: 6288: 6287:, p. ch. 4. 6282: 6276: 6262: 6256: 6242: 6236: 6235: 6217: 6211: 6193: 6187: 6186: 6184: 6182: 6154: 6148: 6142: 6136: 6135: 6133: 6131: 6103: 6097: 6096: 6079: 6073: 6072: 6070: 6068: 6040: 6034: 6020: 6014: 6008: 6002: 5996: 5987: 5973: 5967: 5966: 5964: 5962: 5934: 5928: 5927: 5925: 5923: 5895: 5889: 5888: 5886: 5884: 5856: 5850: 5849: 5829: 5823: 5822: 5802: 5796: 5795: 5784:. Loyola Press. 5772: 5766: 5765: 5763: 5761: 5733: 5727: 5716:Gerald O'Collins 5709: 5703: 5693: 5687: 5680: 5674: 5667: 5661: 5657: 5651: 5650: 5648: 5646: 5627: 5621: 5615: 5606: 5600: 5591: 5586: 5580: 5563: 5557: 5552: 5546: 5545: 5533: 5527: 5522: 5516: 5511: 5505: 5504: 5462: 5456: 5441: 5432: 5426: 5420: 5419: 5417: 5415: 5395: 5389: 5388: 5386: 5384: 5353: 5347: 5346: 5328: 5322: 5316: 5305: 5299: 5293: 5292: 5290: 5288: 5268: 5262: 5255: 5249: 5248: 5246: 5244: 5216: 5210: 5187: 5181: 5180: 5178: 5176: 5148: 5142: 5140: 5136: 5116: 5110: 5103: 5097: 5091: 5085: 5079: 5073: 5068: 5062: 5057: 5051: 5046: 5040: 5034: 5019: 5013: 5007: 5001: 4995: 4989: 4983: 4977: 4968: 4962: 4956: 4953:The Resurrection 4949: 4943: 4937: 4931: 4925: 4916: 4909: 4898: 4892: 4886: 4880: 4874: 4868: 4862: 4856: 4850: 4844: 4838: 4832: 4826: 4820: 4811: 4805: 4799: 4793: 4784: 4783: 4781: 4779: 4752: 4746: 4745: 4743: 4741: 4714: 4708: 4703: 4697: 4696: 4694: 4692: 4664: 4653: 4647: 4636: 4630: 4617: 4603: 4597: 4583: 4574: 4560: 4554: 4548: 4542: 4536: 4530: 4525: 4519: 4513: 4502: 4496: 4490: 4483: 4477: 4471: 4462: 4456: 4450: 4444: 4435: 4429: 4423: 4417: 4411: 4405: 4396: 4390: 4381: 4380: 4379: 4377: 4345: 4339: 4333: 4327: 4321: 4315: 4309: 4303: 4296: 4290: 4284: 4278: 4268: 4262: 4256: 4250: 4244: 4238: 4232: 4226: 4223: 4217: 4211: 4200: 4194: 4183: 4177: 4166: 4160: 4154: 4153: 4151: 4149: 4129: 4123: 4117: 4108: 4102: 4093: 4087: 4072: 4071:, p. 16-17. 4066: 4060: 4059: 4057: 4055: 4027: 4021: 4015: 4009: 4003: 3997: 3991: 3982: 3976: 3965: 3959: 3948: 3942: 3929: 3928: 3910: 3901: 3895: 3886: 3880: 3871: 3865: 3852: 3846: 3835: 3829: 3818: 3812: 3791: 3787: 3781: 3774: 3768: 3753: 3747: 3732:Richard Bauckham 3729: 3717: 3711: 3707: 3701: 3674: 3668: 3664: 3653: 3647: 3639: 3633: 3614: 3608: 3604:Areopagus sermon 3584:Early Christians 3581: 3575: 3572: 3566: 3560: 3554: 3551: 3545: 3540: 3534: 3528: 3522: 3511: 3507: 3492: 3486: 3483: 3477: 3475: 3468: 3462: 3451: 3445: 3395: 3389: 3384: 3378: 3374: 3368: 3344: 3338: 3327: 3316: 3314: 3306: 3305: 3298: 3292: 3291: 3282: 3180:Five Holy Wounds 3052: 3045:threefold office 3039:Threefold office 3033:Threefold office 3007:Pauline Epistles 2879:Historical Jesus 2760: 2757: 2747:You can help by 2740: 2733: 2725:East–West Schism 2711: 2708: 2698:You can help by 2691: 2684: 2680:9th–11th century 2604:Coptic Orthodoxy 2600:Syrian Orthodoxy 2551:hypostatic union 2476: 2470: 2469: 2464: 2463: 2458: 2439:hypostatic union 2247:synoptic Gospels 2234:Four Evangelists 2201:Pauline epistles 2147:Areopagus sermon 2069:Richard Bauckham 2054: 2024: 1978:early Christians 1968: 1958: 1911: 1907: 1799: 1704: 1659: 1646:between God and 1630:or pardoning of 1586:deposit of faith 1399:Hypostatic union 1389:Person of Christ 1357:high Christology 1324: 1316: 1315: 1308: 1302: 1301: 1269:hypostatic union 1235: 1167: 1160: 1153: 974:Threefold office 892:Hypostatic union 838:Active obedience 784:Christ (Messiah) 766: 747: 746: 737: 730: 723: 706: 551:Christadelphians 481:Free Evangelical 434:Eastern Orthodox 391: 390: 342:East–West Schism 74: 51: 50: 46: 43: 36:Paolo Veronese, 21: 18:Person of Christ 12292: 12291: 12287: 12286: 12285: 12283: 12282: 12281: 12247: 12246: 12245: 12240: 12222: 12154: 12073: 12005:In other faiths 11999: 11922: 11918:Transfiguration 11879: 11822: 11752: 11652:Transfiguration 11526: 11518: 11500: 11495: 11465: 11460: 11438: 11426: 11380: 11335: 11253: 11134: 11128: 11083: 11008:One true church 10864: 10832: 10792: 10681: 10669: 10619: 10576: 10521: 10448:in Christianity 10434: 10420: 10414: 10406: 10365: 10341: 10333: 10290: 10285: 10255: 10250: 10218: 10209:Problem of Hell 10204:Problem of evil 10184:Omnibenevolence 10130: 10099: 10066: 10032: 10025: 9992: 9973:Neo-Lutheranism 9958:Loci Theologici 9929: 9901: 9858: 9847:Total depravity 9815:Church covenant 9786:Soli Deo gloria 9738:Supersessionism 9700: 9683: 9650: 9633: 9550: 9533: 9375: 9373:Catholic Church 9353: 9280: 9231:Semipelagianism 9178: 9089:A-millennialism 9038: 8941: 8937:Total depravity 8917:Occasion of sin 8877: 8657: 8605: 8542: 8518:Theology proper 8475: 8418: 8413: 8376: 8363: 8351: 8333: 8320: 8315: 8302: 8290:Ehrman, Bart D. 8288: 8283: 8267: 8254: 8239: 8226: 8210: 8205: 8187: 8173: 8160: 8135: 8127: 8125:Further reading 8122: 8121: 8116:Wayback Machine 8099: 8095: 8085: 8083: 8070: 8069: 8065: 8055: 8053: 8044: 8043: 8039: 8029: 8027: 8018: 8017: 8013: 8003: 8001: 7992: 7991: 7987: 7977: 7975: 7956: 7947: 7937: 7935: 7922: 7921: 7917: 7912:Wayback Machine 7902: 7898: 7888: 7886: 7871:Ehrman, Bart D. 7868: 7857: 7847: 7845: 7832: 7831: 7824: 7818:Christian theol 7814:Wayback Machine 7802: 7798: 7788: 7786: 7771: 7767: 7757: 7755: 7742: 7741: 7728: 7718: 7716: 7703: 7702: 7695: 7682: 7681: 7677: 7667: 7665: 7652: 7651: 7636: 7626: 7621: 7582:Taylor, Vincent 7552: 7534: 7513: 7486: 7458: 7431: 7389: 7387: 7380: 7354: 7352: 7345: 7314:MacLeod, Donald 7308: 7290: 7274:Mack, Burton L. 7267: 7210: 7187: 7185: 7183: 7117: 7085: 7083: 7076: 7060:Ehrman, Bart D. 7050: 7048: 7041: 7021: 7000: 6965:Cullmann, Oscar 6953:, Paulist Press 6932: 6910: 6805: 6803: 6796: 6776: 6757:Printed sources 6754: 6749: 6748: 6727: 6723: 6703: 6699: 6683: 6679: 6671: 6667: 6662: 6658: 6649: 6645: 6628: 6624: 6608: 6597: 6581: 6577: 6561: 6554: 6538: 6534: 6518: 6514: 6498: 6494: 6478: 6471: 6455: 6451: 6435: 6431: 6415: 6411: 6391: 6387: 6371: 6367: 6351: 6347: 6331: 6327: 6321:Grillmeier 1975 6319: 6315: 6307: 6303: 6295: 6291: 6283: 6279: 6263: 6259: 6243: 6239: 6232: 6218: 6214: 6194: 6190: 6180: 6178: 6171: 6155: 6151: 6143: 6139: 6129: 6127: 6120: 6104: 6100: 6094: 6080: 6076: 6066: 6064: 6057: 6041: 6037: 6021: 6017: 6011:Meyendorff 1989 6009: 6005: 6001:, pp. 1–5. 5997: 5990: 5974: 5970: 5960: 5958: 5951: 5935: 5931: 5921: 5919: 5912: 5896: 5892: 5882: 5880: 5873: 5857: 5853: 5846: 5830: 5826: 5819: 5803: 5799: 5792: 5773: 5769: 5759: 5757: 5750: 5734: 5730: 5710: 5706: 5694: 5690: 5681: 5677: 5668: 5664: 5658: 5654: 5644: 5642: 5629: 5628: 5624: 5616: 5609: 5601: 5594: 5587: 5583: 5564: 5560: 5555:Colossians 1:15 5553: 5549: 5534: 5530: 5525:Colossians 1:20 5523: 5519: 5512: 5508: 5463: 5459: 5442: 5435: 5427: 5423: 5413: 5411: 5398:Sanders, E. P. 5396: 5392: 5382: 5380: 5373: 5354: 5350: 5343: 5329: 5325: 5317: 5308: 5300: 5296: 5286: 5284: 5277:Ethos Institute 5269: 5265: 5256: 5252: 5242: 5240: 5233: 5217: 5213: 5201:Wayback Machine 5188: 5184: 5174: 5172: 5165: 5149: 5145: 5138: 5134: 5131:Wayback Machine 5117: 5113: 5104: 5100: 5092: 5088: 5080: 5076: 5069: 5065: 5058: 5054: 5049:Galatians 2:1–2 5047: 5043: 5035: 5022: 5018:, pp. 4–5. 5014: 5010: 5002: 4998: 4990: 4986: 4978: 4971: 4963: 4959: 4950: 4946: 4938: 4934: 4930:, pp. 3–4. 4926: 4919: 4910: 4901: 4893: 4889: 4881: 4877: 4869: 4865: 4857: 4853: 4845: 4841: 4833: 4829: 4821: 4814: 4806: 4802: 4794: 4787: 4777: 4775: 4768: 4754: 4753: 4749: 4739: 4737: 4730: 4716: 4715: 4711: 4704: 4700: 4690: 4688: 4681: 4665: 4656: 4648: 4639: 4631: 4620: 4604: 4600: 4584: 4577: 4561: 4557: 4549: 4545: 4537: 4533: 4526: 4522: 4514: 4505: 4497: 4493: 4484: 4480: 4472: 4465: 4457: 4453: 4445: 4438: 4430: 4426: 4418: 4414: 4406: 4399: 4391: 4384: 4375: 4373: 4346: 4342: 4334: 4330: 4322: 4318: 4310: 4306: 4297: 4293: 4285: 4281: 4269: 4265: 4257: 4253: 4245: 4241: 4233: 4229: 4224: 4220: 4212: 4203: 4195: 4186: 4178: 4169: 4161: 4157: 4147: 4145: 4130: 4126: 4120:Pannenberg 1968 4118: 4111: 4103: 4096: 4088: 4075: 4067: 4063: 4053: 4051: 4044: 4028: 4024: 4016: 4012: 4006:Kärkkäinen 2016 4004: 4000: 3992: 3985: 3979:Beversluis 2000 3977: 3968: 3960: 3951: 3943: 3932: 3925: 3911: 3904: 3896: 3889: 3881: 3874: 3866: 3855: 3847: 3838: 3834:, pp. 1–3. 3830: 3821: 3813: 3804: 3799: 3794: 3788: 3784: 3775: 3771: 3754: 3750: 3718: 3714: 3708: 3704: 3675: 3671: 3662: 3654: 3650: 3640: 3636: 3615: 3611: 3582: 3578: 3573: 3569: 3561: 3557: 3552: 3548: 3520: 3514:Forensic Theory 3509: 3505: 3499:four main types 3493: 3489: 3484: 3480: 3473:Christus Victor 3469: 3465: 3452: 3448: 3396: 3392: 3385: 3381: 3375: 3371: 3345: 3341: 3328: 3324: 3320: 3319: 3283: 3279: 3274: 3269: 3165:Doubting Thomas 3135: 3109:Roman Catholics 3105: 3097:Main articles: 3095: 3087:Book of Hebrews 3041: 3035: 2999: 2991:Main articles: 2989: 2949: 2939: 2934: 2903: 2890: 2885: 2875: 2812: 2770: 2761: 2755: 2752: 2731: 2723:Main articles: 2721: 2712: 2706: 2703: 2682: 2666:Irene of Athens 2636: 2548:of Rome of the 2507: 2386: 2348: 2310:. For example, 2292: 2287: 2281: 2225: 2144:delivering the 2135: 2123: 2031:Kyrios Christos 2029:'s influential 2027:Wilhelm Bousset 2009: 2003: 1920: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1839: 1834: 1812: 1792:Faustus Socinus 1790:, developed by 1737:, developed by 1701:Christus Victor 1657:Christus Victor 1654:'s (1879–1978) 1642:, enabling the 1634:in general and 1604: 1596:Main articles: 1594: 1572:Various church 1529:Nontrinitarians 1483:Catholic Church 1405: 1391: 1383:low Christology 1289: 1185:is a branch of 1171: 1142: 1141: 1124:By denomination 1104: 1078: 1062: 1046: 994: 993: 984: 983: 970: 944: 924: 908: 885: 867: 834: 811: 795: 776: 775: 741: 678: 677: 648:Other religions 608: 600: 599: 388: 387: 367: 366: 287: 286: 266: 265: 199: 189: 188: 149: 148: 130: 129: 95: 94: 44: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 12290: 12280: 12279: 12274: 12269: 12264: 12259: 12242: 12241: 12239: 12238: 12227: 12224: 12223: 12221: 12220: 12215: 12210: 12205: 12200: 12195: 12190: 12185: 12184: 12183: 12178: 12176:Mary Magdalene 12168: 12162: 12160: 12156: 12155: 12153: 12152: 12146: 12141: 12138: 12132: 12126: 12120: 12115: 12110: 12104: 12099: 12098:(legal father) 12093: 12087: 12081: 12079: 12075: 12074: 12072: 12071: 12066: 12061: 12060: 12059: 12049: 12044: 12043: 12042: 12032: 12031: 12030: 12020: 12015: 12009: 12007: 12001: 12000: 11998: 11997: 11992: 11987: 11982: 11977: 11972: 11971: 11970: 11965: 11960: 11950: 11949: 11948: 11943: 11932: 11930: 11924: 11923: 11921: 11920: 11915: 11910: 11905: 11900: 11895: 11889: 11887: 11881: 11880: 11878: 11877: 11872: 11871: 11870: 11869: 11868: 11863: 11858: 11853: 11843: 11832: 11830: 11824: 11823: 11821: 11820: 11815: 11810: 11805: 11804: 11803: 11798: 11796:Gospel harmony 11793: 11788: 11783: 11778: 11773: 11762: 11760: 11754: 11753: 11751: 11750: 11745: 11740: 11739: 11738: 11728: 11727: 11726: 11716: 11711: 11706: 11701: 11696: 11695: 11694: 11684: 11679: 11674: 11669: 11664: 11659: 11654: 11649: 11644: 11639: 11638: 11637: 11627: 11626: 11625: 11611: 11610: 11609: 11599: 11598: 11597: 11592: 11582: 11577: 11572: 11567: 11561: 11560: 11559: 11554: 11549: 11539: 11533: 11531: 11520: 11519: 11517: 11516: 11514:List of topics 11511: 11505: 11502: 11501: 11494: 11493: 11486: 11479: 11471: 11462: 11461: 11459: 11458: 11448: 11435: 11432: 11431: 11428: 11427: 11425: 11424: 11419: 11414: 11409: 11404: 11399: 11394: 11388: 11386: 11382: 11381: 11379: 11378: 11373: 11372: 11371: 11366: 11361: 11349: 11343: 11341: 11337: 11336: 11334: 11333: 11328: 11323: 11318: 11313: 11304: 11299: 11297:Fundamentalism 11294: 11292:Existentialism 11289: 11284: 11279: 11274: 11269: 11263: 11261: 11255: 11254: 11252: 11251: 11246: 11245: 11244: 11234: 11229: 11224: 11219: 11214: 11209: 11204: 11203: 11202: 11192: 11191: 11190: 11185: 11183:God the Father 11180: 11175: 11170: 11160: 11159: 11158: 11147: 11145: 11136: 11130: 11129: 11127: 11126: 11121: 11116: 11115: 11114: 11104: 11099: 11093: 11091: 11085: 11084: 11082: 11081: 11080: 11079: 11069: 11064: 11063: 11062: 11057: 11052: 11047: 11042: 11037: 11032: 11022: 11021: 11020: 11015: 11010: 11005: 11003:Body of Christ 11000: 10990: 10985: 10980: 10979: 10978: 10968: 10963: 10962: 10961: 10956: 10951: 10946: 10936: 10931: 10926: 10921: 10916: 10911: 10906: 10905: 10904: 10899: 10894: 10889: 10878: 10876: 10870: 10869: 10866: 10865: 10863: 10862: 10853: 10848: 10842: 10840: 10838:Restorationist 10834: 10833: 10831: 10830: 10825: 10820: 10815: 10814: 10813: 10802: 10800: 10794: 10793: 10791: 10790: 10785: 10784: 10783: 10778: 10773: 10768: 10763: 10758: 10753: 10748: 10743: 10738: 10733: 10728: 10718: 10713: 10708: 10702: 10700: 10691: 10675: 10674: 10671: 10670: 10668: 10667: 10666: 10665: 10655: 10650: 10645: 10640: 10635: 10629: 10627: 10621: 10620: 10618: 10617: 10612: 10607: 10602: 10597: 10592: 10586: 10584: 10578: 10577: 10575: 10574: 10569: 10564: 10563: 10562: 10557: 10547: 10542: 10540:Late antiquity 10537: 10531: 10529: 10523: 10522: 10520: 10519: 10518: 10517: 10510:Church fathers 10507: 10502: 10501: 10500: 10495: 10490: 10485: 10480: 10475: 10470: 10465: 10460: 10455: 10450: 10439: 10437: 10426: 10408: 10407: 10405: 10404: 10399: 10394: 10389: 10384: 10379: 10373: 10371: 10367: 10366: 10364: 10363: 10358: 10353: 10347: 10345: 10335: 10334: 10332: 10331: 10326: 10321: 10316: 10311: 10306: 10301: 10295: 10292: 10291: 10284: 10283: 10276: 10269: 10261: 10252: 10251: 10249: 10248: 10235: 10234: 10229: 10223: 10220: 10219: 10217: 10216: 10211: 10206: 10201: 10196: 10191: 10186: 10181: 10176: 10171: 10166: 10161: 10156: 10150: 10148: 10144: 10143: 10140: 10139: 10136: 10135: 10132: 10131: 10129: 10128: 10126:Restorationism 10123: 10118: 10113: 10107: 10105: 10101: 10100: 10098: 10097: 10092: 10087: 10082: 10076: 10074: 10068: 10067: 10065: 10064: 10062:Predestination 10059: 10054: 10049: 10044: 10038: 10036: 10027: 10026: 10024: 10023: 10018: 10013: 10008: 10002: 10000: 9998:Pentecostalist 9994: 9993: 9991: 9990: 9985: 9980: 9975: 9970: 9965: 9960: 9955: 9950: 9945: 9939: 9937: 9931: 9930: 9928: 9927: 9922: 9917: 9911: 9909: 9903: 9902: 9900: 9899: 9894: 9889: 9884: 9879: 9874: 9868: 9866: 9860: 9859: 9857: 9856: 9855: 9854: 9849: 9844: 9839: 9834: 9829: 9819: 9818: 9817: 9812: 9802: 9800:Fundamentalism 9797: 9793:Solus Christus 9789: 9782: 9779:Sola scriptura 9775: 9768: 9754: 9753: 9752: 9745:Evangelicalism 9742: 9741: 9740: 9735: 9730: 9720: 9714: 9712: 9702: 9701: 9689: 9688: 9685: 9684: 9682: 9681: 9676: 9671: 9666: 9661: 9655: 9652: 9651: 9639: 9638: 9635: 9634: 9632: 9631: 9626: 9621: 9616: 9611: 9606: 9601: 9596: 9591: 9586: 9581: 9576: 9571: 9566: 9561: 9555: 9552: 9551: 9539: 9538: 9535: 9534: 9532: 9531: 9526: 9524:Ultramontanism 9521: 9516: 9511: 9506: 9501: 9496: 9491: 9486: 9481: 9476: 9471: 9466: 9461: 9456: 9451: 9446: 9441: 9436: 9434:Infant baptism 9431: 9426: 9421: 9416: 9411: 9409:Traditionalism 9406: 9401: 9396: 9391: 9386: 9380: 9377: 9376: 9361: 9355: 9354: 9352: 9351: 9346: 9341: 9336: 9331: 9326: 9321: 9316: 9311: 9306: 9301: 9296: 9290: 9288: 9282: 9281: 9279: 9278: 9273: 9268: 9263: 9258: 9253: 9248: 9243: 9238: 9233: 9228: 9223: 9218: 9213: 9208: 9203: 9198: 9192: 9190: 9184: 9183: 9180: 9179: 9177: 9176: 9171: 9166: 9161: 9156: 9151: 9146: 9141: 9136: 9131: 9126: 9121: 9112: 9110:Apocalypticism 9107: 9102: 9097: 9092: 9077:Millenarianism 9074: 9069: 9064: 9059: 9054: 9048: 9046: 9040: 9039: 9037: 9036: 9031: 9026: 9024:Full communion 9021: 9016: 9011: 9006: 9005: 9004: 8994: 8988: 8983: 8981:Congregational 8974: 8969: 8968: 8967: 8962: 8951: 8949: 8943: 8942: 8940: 8939: 8934: 8929: 8924: 8919: 8914: 8907: 8902: 8897: 8891: 8889: 8883: 8882: 8879: 8878: 8876: 8875: 8874: 8873: 8863: 8858: 8853: 8848: 8846:Sanctification 8843: 8838: 8833: 8828: 8823: 8818: 8816:Reconciliation 8813: 8811:Recapitulation 8808: 8806:Predestination 8803: 8798: 8791: 8786: 8781: 8779:Means of grace 8776: 8771: 8766: 8765: 8764: 8759: 8749: 8744: 8739: 8734: 8727: 8722: 8717: 8712: 8707: 8702: 8697: 8692: 8687: 8682: 8677: 8671: 8665: 8659: 8658: 8656: 8655: 8650: 8645: 8640: 8635: 8630: 8625: 8619: 8617: 8611: 8610: 8607: 8606: 8604: 8603: 8598: 8592: 8587: 8582: 8580:Christocentric 8577: 8572: 8567: 8558: 8552: 8550: 8544: 8543: 8541: 8540: 8535: 8530: 8525: 8520: 8515: 8513:Theocentricism 8510: 8505: 8500: 8495: 8489: 8483: 8477: 8476: 8474: 8473: 8468: 8466:Law and Gospel 8463: 8458: 8453: 8448: 8443: 8437: 8435: 8426: 8420: 8419: 8412: 8411: 8404: 8397: 8389: 8383: 8382: 8375: 8374:External links 8372: 8371: 8370: 8360: 8359: 8355: 8354: 8349: 8336: 8332:978-1107199262 8331: 8318: 8313: 8300: 8286: 8281: 8265: 8253:978-0802828613 8252: 8237: 8225:978-0802860705 8224: 8208: 8203: 8185: 8170: 8169: 8165: 8164: 8159:978-0830840229 8158: 8145: 8132: 8131: 8126: 8123: 8120: 8119: 8108:, Rome: 2005. 8093: 8063: 8037: 8011: 7985: 7945: 7915: 7896: 7855: 7822: 7796: 7765: 7726: 7693: 7675: 7633: 7632: 7631: 7630: 7625: 7624: 7619: 7599: 7590: 7578: 7569: 7555: 7550: 7537: 7532: 7516: 7511: 7498: 7489: 7484: 7471: 7461: 7456: 7443: 7434: 7429: 7423:, OUP Oxford, 7416: 7407: 7396: 7378: 7360: 7343: 7328: 7311: 7306: 7293: 7288: 7270: 7265: 7250: 7236: 7229: 7220: 7213: 7208: 7193: 7181: 7159: 7145: 7129: 7120: 7115: 7102: 7091: 7074: 7056: 7039: 7024: 7019: 7003: 6998: 6981: 6962: 6955: 6946: 6935: 6930: 6913: 6908: 6893: 6830: 6821: 6812: 6794: 6779: 6774: 6760: 6759: 6758: 6753: 6750: 6747: 6746: 6721: 6709:Elmer L. Towns 6697: 6677: 6665: 6656: 6643: 6622: 6595: 6575: 6552: 6532: 6512: 6492: 6469: 6449: 6429: 6409: 6385: 6365: 6345: 6325: 6323:, p. 755. 6313: 6301: 6289: 6277: 6257: 6237: 6230: 6212: 6188: 6169: 6149: 6145:O'Collins 2009 6137: 6118: 6098: 6092: 6074: 6055: 6035: 6015: 6003: 5988: 5968: 5949: 5929: 5910: 5890: 5871: 5851: 5844: 5824: 5817: 5797: 5791:978-0829430301 5790: 5767: 5748: 5728: 5704: 5688: 5675: 5662: 5652: 5622: 5620:, p. 149. 5607: 5605:, p. 463. 5603:Fahlbusch 1999 5592: 5581: 5558: 5547: 5528: 5517: 5506: 5457: 5433: 5431:, p. 142. 5429:O'Collins 2009 5421: 5390: 5371: 5348: 5341: 5323: 5306: 5304:, p. 113. 5294: 5263: 5250: 5231: 5211: 5182: 5163: 5143: 5111: 5098: 5086: 5074: 5063: 5052: 5041: 5020: 5008: 4996: 4994:, p. 122. 4984: 4982:, p. 132. 4969: 4957: 4944: 4932: 4917: 4915:, Course Guide 4899: 4887: 4875: 4863: 4861:, p. 175. 4851: 4839: 4837:, p. 3-6. 4827: 4812: 4800: 4798:, p. 125. 4785: 4766: 4747: 4728: 4709: 4698: 4679: 4654: 4652:, p. 106. 4637: 4618: 4598: 4575: 4555: 4543: 4531: 4520: 4503: 4491: 4478: 4463: 4451: 4436: 4424: 4412: 4397: 4382: 4340: 4328: 4316: 4304: 4291: 4279: 4271:Vincent Taylor 4263: 4251: 4239: 4227: 4218: 4216:, p. 282. 4201: 4184: 4167: 4163:O'Collins 2009 4155: 4124: 4109: 4105:O'Collins 2009 4094: 4073: 4069:O'Collins 2009 4061: 4042: 4022: 4010: 3998: 3996:, p. 108. 3983: 3966: 3964:, p. 217. 3949: 3930: 3923: 3902: 3900:, p. 342. 3887: 3872: 3853: 3836: 3832:O'Collins 2009 3819: 3817:, p. 171. 3801: 3800: 3798: 3795: 3793: 3792: 3782: 3769: 3748: 3722: 3712: 3702: 3669: 3667: 3666: 3659: 3648: 3645: 3634: 3632: 3631: 3624: 3609: 3576: 3567: 3555: 3546: 3544: 3543: 3532:Cur Deus Homo? 3517: 3487: 3478: 3463: 3459:Church Fathers 3446: 3444: 3443: 3428: 3421: 3410: 3390: 3379: 3369: 3367: 3366: 3363: 3359: 3356: 3353: 3350: 3339: 3337: 3336: 3333: 3321: 3318: 3317: 3276: 3275: 3273: 3270: 3268: 3267: 3262: 3257: 3252: 3247: 3242: 3237: 3232: 3227: 3222: 3217: 3212: 3210:Last Judgement 3207: 3202: 3197: 3192: 3187: 3182: 3177: 3172: 3167: 3162: 3157: 3152: 3147: 3142: 3136: 3134: 3131: 3094: 3091: 3037:Main article: 3034: 3031: 3026:eschatological 2988: 2985: 2938: 2935: 2933: 2930: 2902: 2899: 2889: 2886: 2874: 2871: 2819:Reformed faith 2811: 2808: 2789:Thomas Aquinas 2778:Thomas Aquinas 2769: 2766: 2763: 2762: 2743: 2741: 2720: 2717: 2714: 2713: 2694: 2692: 2681: 2678: 2635: 2632: 2506: 2503: 2416:Constantinople 2385: 2382: 2347: 2344: 2294:Following the 2291: 2288: 2283:Main article: 2280: 2277: 2267:Gospel of John 2241:, 17th century 2239:Pieter Soutman 2224: 2221: 2134: 2131: 2122: 2119: 2098:C. F. D. Moule 2094:Michael Ramsey 2043:Gospel of John 2005:Main article: 2002: 1999: 1938:Tetragrammaton 1919: 1914: 1900: 1897: 1879:Gospel of John 1838: 1835: 1816:Christ (title) 1811: 1808: 1804: 1803: 1802: 1801: 1785: 1772: 1771: 1770: 1764: 1758: 1729: 1728: 1727: 1710: 1691:God the Father 1644:reconciliation 1593: 1590: 1570: 1569: 1563: 1557: 1554:God the Father 1543: 1533: 1532: 1506: 1472: 1462: 1442:regarding the 1390: 1387: 1342:soteriological 1288: 1285: 1246:returns to God 1203:Kingdom of God 1189:that concerns 1173: 1172: 1170: 1169: 1162: 1155: 1147: 1144: 1143: 1140: 1139: 1134: 1126: 1125: 1121: 1120: 1115: 1110: 1105: 1103: 1102: 1100:Homoiousianism 1097: 1091: 1089: 1084: 1079: 1077: 1076: 1071: 1065: 1063: 1061: 1060: 1055: 1049: 1047: 1045: 1044: 1039: 1033: 1031: 1026: 1016: 1011: 1006: 1000: 999: 995: 991: 990: 989: 986: 985: 982: 981: 976: 971: 969: 968: 963: 958: 953: 947: 945: 943: 942: 935: 927: 925: 923: 922: 917: 911: 909: 907: 906: 899: 894: 888: 886: 884: 883: 876: 870: 868: 866: 865: 860: 854: 852: 847: 840: 835: 833: 832: 827: 822: 814: 812: 810: 809: 804: 798: 796: 794: 793: 786: 780: 777: 773: 772: 771: 768: 767: 759: 758: 752: 751: 743: 742: 740: 739: 732: 725: 717: 714: 713: 712: 711: 699: 698: 693: 688: 680: 679: 676: 675: 670: 665: 660: 655: 650: 645: 640: 635: 630: 625: 620: 615: 609: 607:Related topics 606: 605: 602: 601: 596: 595: 594: 593: 588: 583: 578: 573: 568: 563: 558: 553: 545: 544: 542:Restorationist 538: 537: 536: 535: 534: 533: 528: 523: 518: 513: 508: 503: 498: 493: 488: 483: 478: 473: 468: 463: 451: 444: 437: 430: 425: 420: 419: 418: 413: 398: 397: 389: 386: 385: 380: 374: 373: 372: 369: 368: 365: 364: 359: 354: 349: 344: 339: 334: 329: 324: 319: 317:Church Fathers 314: 309: 304: 299: 294: 288: 285: 284: 279: 273: 272: 271: 268: 267: 264: 263: 258: 253: 248: 243: 238: 233: 228: 227: 226: 221: 216: 206: 200: 195: 194: 191: 190: 187: 186: 181: 176: 171: 166: 161: 156: 150: 147: 146: 143: 137: 136: 135: 132: 131: 128: 127: 122: 117: 112: 107: 102: 96: 93: 92: 87: 81: 80: 79: 76: 75: 67: 66: 60: 59: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12289: 12278: 12275: 12273: 12270: 12268: 12265: 12263: 12260: 12258: 12255: 12254: 12252: 12237: 12229: 12228: 12225: 12219: 12216: 12214: 12211: 12209: 12208:Mental health 12206: 12204: 12201: 12199: 12196: 12194: 12191: 12189: 12186: 12182: 12179: 12177: 12174: 12173: 12172: 12169: 12167: 12164: 12163: 12161: 12157: 12150: 12147: 12145: 12142: 12139: 12136: 12133: 12130: 12127: 12124: 12121: 12119: 12116: 12114: 12111: 12108: 12105: 12103: 12100: 12097: 12094: 12091: 12088: 12086: 12083: 12082: 12080: 12076: 12070: 12067: 12065: 12062: 12058: 12055: 12054: 12053: 12050: 12048: 12045: 12041: 12038: 12037: 12036: 12033: 12029: 12028:In the Talmud 12026: 12025: 12024: 12021: 12019: 12016: 12014: 12011: 12010: 12008: 12006: 12002: 11996: 11995:Cosmic Christ 11993: 11991: 11988: 11986: 11983: 11981: 11980:Second Coming 11978: 11976: 11973: 11969: 11968:Pre-existence 11966: 11964: 11961: 11959: 11956: 11955: 11954: 11951: 11947: 11944: 11942: 11939: 11938: 11937: 11934: 11933: 11931: 11929: 11925: 11919: 11916: 11914: 11911: 11909: 11906: 11904: 11901: 11899: 11896: 11894: 11891: 11890: 11888: 11886: 11882: 11876: 11873: 11867: 11864: 11862: 11859: 11857: 11854: 11852: 11849: 11848: 11847: 11844: 11842: 11839: 11838: 11837: 11834: 11833: 11831: 11829: 11825: 11819: 11816: 11814: 11811: 11809: 11806: 11802: 11799: 11797: 11794: 11792: 11789: 11787: 11784: 11782: 11779: 11777: 11774: 11772: 11769: 11768: 11767: 11764: 11763: 11761: 11759: 11758:New Testament 11755: 11749: 11746: 11744: 11741: 11737: 11734: 11733: 11732: 11729: 11725: 11722: 11721: 11720: 11717: 11715: 11712: 11710: 11707: 11705: 11702: 11700: 11697: 11693: 11690: 11689: 11688: 11685: 11683: 11680: 11678: 11675: 11673: 11670: 11668: 11665: 11663: 11660: 11658: 11655: 11653: 11650: 11648: 11645: 11643: 11640: 11636: 11635:Lord's Prayer 11633: 11632: 11631: 11628: 11624: 11621: 11620: 11619: 11615: 11612: 11608: 11605: 11604: 11603: 11600: 11596: 11593: 11591: 11588: 11587: 11586: 11583: 11581: 11578: 11576: 11573: 11571: 11570:Unknown years 11568: 11565: 11562: 11558: 11555: 11553: 11552:Date of birth 11550: 11548: 11545: 11544: 11543: 11540: 11538: 11535: 11534: 11532: 11530: 11525: 11521: 11515: 11512: 11510: 11507: 11506: 11503: 11499: 11492: 11487: 11485: 11480: 11478: 11473: 11472: 11469: 11457: 11449: 11447: 11442: 11437: 11436: 11433: 11423: 11420: 11418: 11415: 11413: 11410: 11408: 11405: 11403: 11400: 11398: 11395: 11393: 11390: 11389: 11387: 11383: 11377: 11374: 11370: 11367: 11365: 11362: 11360: 11359: 11355: 11354: 11353: 11350: 11348: 11345: 11344: 11342: 11338: 11332: 11329: 11327: 11324: 11322: 11319: 11317: 11314: 11312: 11308: 11305: 11303: 11300: 11298: 11295: 11293: 11290: 11288: 11285: 11283: 11280: 11278: 11275: 11273: 11270: 11268: 11265: 11264: 11262: 11260: 11256: 11250: 11247: 11243: 11240: 11239: 11238: 11235: 11233: 11232:Popular piety 11230: 11228: 11225: 11223: 11220: 11218: 11215: 11213: 11210: 11208: 11205: 11201: 11198: 11197: 11196: 11193: 11189: 11186: 11184: 11181: 11179: 11176: 11174: 11171: 11169: 11166: 11165: 11164: 11161: 11157: 11154: 11153: 11152: 11149: 11148: 11146: 11144: 11140: 11137: 11131: 11125: 11122: 11120: 11117: 11113: 11110: 11109: 11108: 11105: 11103: 11100: 11098: 11095: 11094: 11092: 11090: 11086: 11078: 11075: 11074: 11073: 11070: 11068: 11065: 11061: 11058: 11056: 11053: 11051: 11048: 11046: 11043: 11041: 11038: 11036: 11033: 11031: 11028: 11027: 11026: 11023: 11019: 11016: 11014: 11013:People of God 11011: 11009: 11006: 11004: 11001: 10999: 10996: 10995: 10994: 10991: 10989: 10986: 10984: 10981: 10977: 10974: 10973: 10972: 10969: 10967: 10964: 10960: 10957: 10955: 10952: 10950: 10947: 10945: 10942: 10941: 10940: 10937: 10935: 10932: 10930: 10927: 10925: 10922: 10920: 10917: 10915: 10912: 10910: 10907: 10903: 10900: 10898: 10895: 10893: 10890: 10888: 10885: 10884: 10883: 10880: 10879: 10877: 10875: 10871: 10859: 10854: 10852: 10849: 10847: 10844: 10843: 10841: 10839: 10835: 10829: 10826: 10824: 10821: 10819: 10816: 10812: 10809: 10808: 10807: 10804: 10803: 10801: 10799: 10795: 10789: 10786: 10782: 10779: 10777: 10774: 10772: 10769: 10767: 10764: 10762: 10759: 10757: 10754: 10752: 10749: 10747: 10744: 10742: 10739: 10737: 10734: 10732: 10729: 10727: 10724: 10723: 10722: 10719: 10717: 10714: 10712: 10709: 10707: 10704: 10703: 10701: 10699: 10695: 10692: 10689: 10685: 10680: 10679:Denominations 10676: 10664: 10661: 10660: 10659: 10656: 10654: 10651: 10649: 10648:Enlightenment 10646: 10644: 10641: 10639: 10636: 10634: 10631: 10630: 10628: 10626: 10622: 10616: 10613: 10611: 10608: 10606: 10603: 10601: 10598: 10596: 10593: 10591: 10588: 10587: 10585: 10583: 10579: 10573: 10570: 10568: 10565: 10561: 10558: 10556: 10553: 10552: 10551: 10548: 10546: 10543: 10541: 10538: 10536: 10533: 10532: 10530: 10528: 10524: 10516: 10513: 10512: 10511: 10508: 10506: 10503: 10499: 10496: 10494: 10491: 10489: 10486: 10484: 10481: 10479: 10476: 10474: 10471: 10469: 10466: 10464: 10461: 10459: 10456: 10454: 10451: 10449: 10446: 10445: 10444: 10441: 10440: 10438: 10436: 10430: 10427: 10424: 10418: 10413: 10409: 10403: 10400: 10398: 10395: 10393: 10390: 10388: 10385: 10383: 10380: 10378: 10375: 10374: 10372: 10368: 10362: 10361:New Testament 10359: 10357: 10356:Old Testament 10354: 10352: 10349: 10348: 10346: 10344: 10340: 10336: 10330: 10327: 10325: 10322: 10320: 10317: 10315: 10312: 10310: 10307: 10305: 10302: 10300: 10297: 10296: 10293: 10289: 10282: 10277: 10275: 10270: 10268: 10263: 10262: 10259: 10247: 10246: 10241: 10237: 10236: 10233: 10230: 10228: 10225: 10224: 10221: 10215: 10212: 10210: 10207: 10205: 10202: 10200: 10197: 10195: 10192: 10190: 10187: 10185: 10182: 10180: 10177: 10175: 10172: 10170: 10167: 10165: 10162: 10160: 10157: 10155: 10152: 10151: 10149: 10145: 10127: 10124: 10122: 10119: 10117: 10114: 10112: 10109: 10108: 10106: 10102: 10096: 10093: 10091: 10088: 10086: 10083: 10081: 10078: 10077: 10075: 10073: 10069: 10063: 10060: 10058: 10055: 10053: 10050: 10048: 10045: 10043: 10040: 10039: 10037: 10035: 10028: 10022: 10019: 10017: 10014: 10012: 10011:Faith healing 10009: 10007: 10004: 10003: 10001: 9999: 9995: 9989: 9986: 9984: 9981: 9979: 9976: 9974: 9971: 9969: 9966: 9964: 9961: 9959: 9956: 9954: 9951: 9949: 9946: 9944: 9941: 9940: 9938: 9936: 9932: 9926: 9923: 9921: 9918: 9916: 9913: 9912: 9910: 9908: 9904: 9898: 9895: 9893: 9890: 9888: 9887:Center church 9885: 9883: 9880: 9878: 9877:Branch theory 9875: 9873: 9870: 9869: 9867: 9865: 9861: 9853: 9850: 9848: 9845: 9843: 9840: 9838: 9835: 9833: 9830: 9828: 9825: 9824: 9823: 9820: 9816: 9813: 9811: 9808: 9807: 9806: 9803: 9801: 9798: 9795: 9794: 9790: 9788: 9787: 9783: 9781: 9780: 9776: 9774: 9773: 9769: 9767: 9766: 9761: 9760: 9755: 9751: 9748: 9747: 9746: 9743: 9739: 9736: 9734: 9731: 9729: 9726: 9725: 9724: 9721: 9719: 9716: 9715: 9713: 9711: 9707: 9703: 9699: 9698:Protestantism 9694: 9690: 9680: 9677: 9675: 9674:Monothelitism 9672: 9670: 9667: 9665: 9664:Monophysitism 9662: 9660: 9657: 9656: 9653: 9649: 9644: 9640: 9630: 9627: 9625: 9622: 9620: 9617: 9615: 9612: 9610: 9607: 9605: 9602: 9600: 9597: 9595: 9592: 9590: 9587: 9585: 9582: 9580: 9577: 9575: 9572: 9570: 9567: 9565: 9562: 9560: 9557: 9556: 9553: 9549: 9544: 9540: 9530: 9527: 9525: 9522: 9520: 9517: 9515: 9512: 9510: 9507: 9505: 9502: 9500: 9497: 9495: 9494:Sacerdotalism 9492: 9490: 9489:Real presence 9487: 9485: 9482: 9480: 9477: 9475: 9472: 9470: 9467: 9465: 9462: 9460: 9457: 9455: 9452: 9450: 9447: 9445: 9442: 9440: 9437: 9435: 9432: 9430: 9427: 9425: 9422: 9420: 9417: 9415: 9412: 9410: 9407: 9405: 9402: 9400: 9397: 9395: 9392: 9390: 9387: 9385: 9382: 9381: 9378: 9374: 9369: 9365: 9362: 9360: 9356: 9350: 9347: 9345: 9342: 9340: 9337: 9335: 9332: 9330: 9327: 9325: 9322: 9320: 9317: 9315: 9312: 9310: 9307: 9305: 9302: 9300: 9297: 9295: 9292: 9291: 9289: 9287: 9283: 9277: 9274: 9272: 9269: 9267: 9264: 9262: 9259: 9257: 9254: 9252: 9249: 9247: 9244: 9242: 9241:Scholasticism 9239: 9237: 9234: 9232: 9229: 9227: 9226:Caesaropapism 9224: 9222: 9219: 9217: 9214: 9212: 9211:Apostolic Age 9209: 9207: 9204: 9202: 9199: 9197: 9194: 9193: 9191: 9189: 9185: 9175: 9174:War in Heaven 9172: 9170: 9167: 9165: 9162: 9160: 9159:Second Coming 9157: 9155: 9152: 9150: 9149:New Jerusalem 9147: 9145: 9144:Millennialism 9142: 9140: 9139:Last Judgment 9137: 9135: 9132: 9130: 9127: 9125: 9122: 9120: 9116: 9113: 9111: 9108: 9106: 9103: 9101: 9098: 9096: 9093: 9090: 9086: 9082: 9078: 9075: 9073: 9070: 9068: 9065: 9063: 9060: 9058: 9055: 9053: 9050: 9049: 9047: 9045: 9041: 9035: 9032: 9030: 9027: 9025: 9022: 9020: 9017: 9015: 9012: 9010: 9007: 9003: 9000: 8999: 8998: 8995: 8992: 8989: 8987: 8984: 8982: 8978: 8975: 8973: 8970: 8966: 8963: 8961: 8958: 8957: 8956: 8953: 8952: 8950: 8948: 8944: 8938: 8935: 8933: 8930: 8928: 8925: 8923: 8920: 8918: 8915: 8913: 8912: 8908: 8906: 8903: 8901: 8898: 8896: 8893: 8892: 8890: 8888: 8884: 8872: 8869: 8868: 8867: 8864: 8862: 8859: 8857: 8854: 8852: 8849: 8847: 8844: 8842: 8839: 8837: 8834: 8832: 8829: 8827: 8824: 8822: 8819: 8817: 8814: 8812: 8809: 8807: 8804: 8802: 8799: 8797: 8796: 8792: 8790: 8789:Mortification 8787: 8785: 8782: 8780: 8777: 8775: 8774:Justification 8772: 8770: 8767: 8763: 8760: 8758: 8755: 8754: 8753: 8750: 8748: 8747:Glorification 8745: 8743: 8740: 8738: 8735: 8733: 8732: 8728: 8726: 8723: 8721: 8718: 8716: 8713: 8711: 8708: 8706: 8703: 8701: 8698: 8696: 8693: 8691: 8688: 8686: 8683: 8681: 8678: 8676: 8673: 8672: 8669: 8666: 8664: 8660: 8654: 8651: 8649: 8646: 8644: 8643:Fallen angels 8641: 8639: 8636: 8634: 8631: 8629: 8626: 8624: 8621: 8620: 8618: 8616: 8612: 8602: 8599: 8596: 8593: 8591: 8588: 8586: 8583: 8581: 8578: 8576: 8573: 8571: 8568: 8566: 8562: 8559: 8557: 8554: 8553: 8551: 8549: 8545: 8539: 8536: 8534: 8531: 8529: 8528:Impassibility 8526: 8524: 8521: 8519: 8516: 8514: 8511: 8509: 8506: 8504: 8501: 8499: 8496: 8494: 8491: 8490: 8487: 8484: 8482: 8478: 8472: 8469: 8467: 8464: 8462: 8459: 8457: 8454: 8452: 8449: 8447: 8444: 8442: 8439: 8438: 8436: 8434: 8430: 8427: 8425: 8421: 8417: 8410: 8405: 8403: 8398: 8396: 8391: 8390: 8387: 8381: 8378: 8377: 8367: 8362: 8361: 8357: 8356: 8352: 8346: 8342: 8337: 8334: 8328: 8324: 8319: 8316: 8310: 8307:, Zondervan, 8306: 8301: 8297: 8296: 8291: 8287: 8284: 8278: 8274: 8270: 8266: 8263: 8259: 8255: 8249: 8245: 8244: 8238: 8235: 8231: 8227: 8221: 8217: 8213: 8209: 8206: 8200: 8196: 8195: 8190: 8186: 8182: 8181: 8176: 8172: 8171: 8167: 8166: 8161: 8155: 8151: 8146: 8142: 8138: 8134: 8133: 8129: 8128: 8117: 8113: 8110: 8107: 8103: 8097: 8081: 8077: 8073: 8067: 8051: 8047: 8041: 8025: 8021: 8015: 7999: 7995: 7989: 7973: 7969: 7968:HarperCollins 7965: 7961: 7954: 7952: 7950: 7933: 7929: 7925: 7919: 7913: 7909: 7906: 7900: 7884: 7880: 7876: 7872: 7866: 7864: 7862: 7860: 7843: 7839: 7835: 7829: 7827: 7819: 7815: 7811: 7808: 7807: 7800: 7784: 7780: 7776: 7769: 7753: 7749: 7745: 7739: 7737: 7735: 7733: 7731: 7714: 7710: 7708: 7700: 7698: 7689: 7687: 7679: 7663: 7659: 7655: 7649: 7647: 7645: 7643: 7641: 7639: 7634: 7628: 7627: 7622: 7616: 7612: 7608: 7604: 7600: 7596: 7591: 7587: 7583: 7579: 7575: 7570: 7568: 7567:0-8028-4463-4 7564: 7560: 7556: 7553: 7547: 7543: 7538: 7535: 7533:9781573830089 7529: 7525: 7521: 7517: 7514: 7508: 7504: 7499: 7495: 7490: 7487: 7481: 7477: 7472: 7469: 7465: 7462: 7459: 7453: 7449: 7444: 7440: 7435: 7432: 7426: 7422: 7417: 7413: 7408: 7404: 7403: 7397: 7385: 7381: 7375: 7371: 7370: 7365: 7361: 7350: 7346: 7340: 7336: 7335: 7329: 7327: 7326:0-8308-1537-6 7323: 7319: 7315: 7312: 7309: 7303: 7299: 7294: 7291: 7285: 7281: 7280: 7275: 7271: 7268: 7262: 7258: 7257: 7251: 7249: 7248:0-8308-1532-5 7245: 7241: 7237: 7234: 7230: 7226: 7221: 7218: 7214: 7211: 7205: 7201: 7200: 7194: 7184: 7182:9780860120063 7178: 7174: 7173: 7168: 7164: 7160: 7158: 7157:0-8028-2792-6 7154: 7150: 7146: 7144: 7143:0-684-15532-X 7140: 7136: 7135: 7130: 7126: 7121: 7118: 7112: 7108: 7103: 7099: 7098: 7092: 7081: 7077: 7071: 7067: 7066: 7061: 7057: 7046: 7042: 7036: 7032: 7031: 7025: 7022: 7016: 7012: 7008: 7004: 7001: 6995: 6990: 6989: 6982: 6980: 6979:0-664-24351-7 6976: 6972: 6971: 6966: 6963: 6960: 6959:Bible Review. 6956: 6952: 6947: 6943: 6942: 6936: 6933: 6927: 6924:, Zondervan, 6923: 6919: 6914: 6911: 6905: 6901: 6900: 6894: 6890: 6886: 6882: 6878: 6874: 6870: 6866: 6862: 6858: 6854: 6850: 6846: 6842: 6838: 6837: 6831: 6827: 6822: 6818: 6813: 6801: 6797: 6791: 6787: 6786: 6780: 6777: 6771: 6767: 6762: 6761: 6756: 6755: 6743: 6742:0-8010-2075-1 6739: 6735: 6731: 6725: 6718: 6717:0-15-516138-5 6714: 6710: 6706: 6701: 6694: 6693:1-57918-355-7 6690: 6687: 6681: 6674: 6669: 6660: 6653: 6647: 6640: 6639:0-85244-650-0 6636: 6632: 6626: 6619: 6618:0-8028-4463-4 6615: 6611: 6606: 6604: 6602: 6600: 6592: 6591:0-664-25221-4 6588: 6584: 6579: 6572: 6571:0-664-25694-5 6568: 6564: 6559: 6557: 6549: 6548:0-664-25752-6 6545: 6541: 6536: 6529: 6528:0-521-43576-5 6525: 6521: 6516: 6509: 6508:0-664-25752-6 6505: 6501: 6496: 6489: 6488:0-521-57007-7 6485: 6481: 6476: 6474: 6466: 6465:0-310-28051-6 6462: 6458: 6453: 6446: 6445:0-8294-1541-6 6442: 6438: 6433: 6426: 6425:0-8308-1486-8 6422: 6418: 6413: 6406: 6405:0-310-32370-3 6402: 6398: 6394: 6389: 6382: 6381:0-664-22336-2 6378: 6374: 6369: 6362: 6361:0-19-927836-9 6358: 6354: 6349: 6342: 6341:0-86012-006-6 6338: 6334: 6329: 6322: 6317: 6310: 6305: 6298: 6293: 6286: 6281: 6274: 6273:0-664-22725-2 6270: 6266: 6261: 6254: 6253:0-521-54154-9 6250: 6246: 6241: 6233: 6231:9781954887176 6227: 6223: 6216: 6209: 6208:0-664-23269-8 6205: 6201: 6197: 6192: 6176: 6172: 6166: 6162: 6161: 6153: 6146: 6141: 6125: 6121: 6115: 6111: 6110: 6102: 6095: 6089: 6085: 6078: 6062: 6058: 6052: 6048: 6047: 6039: 6032: 6028: 6024: 6019: 6012: 6007: 6000: 5995: 5993: 5985: 5981: 5977: 5972: 5956: 5952: 5946: 5942: 5941: 5933: 5917: 5913: 5907: 5903: 5902: 5894: 5878: 5874: 5868: 5864: 5863: 5855: 5847: 5841: 5837: 5836: 5828: 5820: 5814: 5810: 5809: 5801: 5793: 5787: 5783: 5782: 5778: 5771: 5755: 5751: 5745: 5741: 5740: 5732: 5725: 5724:0-567-08354-3 5721: 5717: 5713: 5708: 5701: 5697: 5696:Edward Gibbon 5692: 5685: 5679: 5672: 5666: 5656: 5640: 5636: 5632: 5626: 5619: 5614: 5612: 5604: 5599: 5597: 5590: 5585: 5578: 5577:0-86012-006-6 5574: 5571: 5567: 5562: 5556: 5551: 5543: 5539: 5532: 5526: 5521: 5515: 5510: 5503: 5498: 5494: 5490: 5486: 5482: 5478: 5475:(1–2): 1–18. 5474: 5470: 5469: 5461: 5454: 5453:0-8308-2888-5 5450: 5446: 5440: 5438: 5430: 5425: 5409: 5405: 5401: 5394: 5378: 5374: 5372:0-664-25095-5 5368: 5364: 5363: 5358: 5352: 5344: 5338: 5334: 5327: 5320: 5315: 5313: 5311: 5303: 5298: 5282: 5278: 5274: 5267: 5260: 5254: 5238: 5234: 5232:0-8308-2200-3 5228: 5224: 5223: 5215: 5208: 5207: 5202: 5198: 5195: 5191: 5190:Gerd Lüdemann 5186: 5170: 5166: 5164:0-8028-2861-2 5160: 5156: 5155: 5147: 5132: 5128: 5125: 5121: 5115: 5108: 5107:Honest to God 5102: 5095: 5090: 5083: 5082:Bauckham 2011 5078: 5072: 5067: 5061: 5056: 5050: 5045: 5038: 5033: 5031: 5029: 5027: 5025: 5017: 5012: 5005: 5000: 4993: 4988: 4981: 4976: 4974: 4966: 4961: 4955:, pp. 138–139 4954: 4948: 4941: 4936: 4929: 4924: 4922: 4914: 4911:Bart Ehrman, 4908: 4906: 4904: 4896: 4891: 4884: 4879: 4872: 4867: 4860: 4855: 4848: 4843: 4836: 4831: 4824: 4819: 4817: 4809: 4804: 4797: 4792: 4790: 4773: 4769: 4763: 4759: 4758: 4751: 4735: 4731: 4725: 4721: 4720: 4713: 4707: 4706:Matthew 28:19 4702: 4686: 4682: 4676: 4672: 4671: 4663: 4661: 4659: 4651: 4646: 4644: 4642: 4635:, p. 15. 4634: 4629: 4627: 4625: 4623: 4615: 4611: 4607: 4602: 4595: 4594:90-279-3109-7 4591: 4588: 4582: 4580: 4573:pp. 1109–1110 4572: 4571:0-86554-864-1 4568: 4564: 4559: 4552: 4547: 4540: 4535: 4529: 4528:Acts 17:16–34 4524: 4517: 4512: 4510: 4508: 4501: 4495: 4488: 4482: 4476:, p. 19. 4475: 4470: 4468: 4461:, p. 18. 4460: 4455: 4449:, p. 18. 4448: 4443: 4441: 4434:, p. 17. 4433: 4428: 4422:, p. 25. 4421: 4416: 4409: 4404: 4402: 4394: 4389: 4387: 4371: 4367: 4363: 4359: 4355: 4351: 4344: 4338:, p. 31. 4337: 4332: 4325: 4320: 4313: 4308: 4301: 4295: 4288: 4283: 4276: 4272: 4267: 4260: 4255: 4248: 4243: 4236: 4231: 4222: 4215: 4210: 4208: 4206: 4198: 4193: 4191: 4189: 4181: 4176: 4174: 4172: 4165:, p. 16. 4164: 4159: 4143: 4139: 4135: 4128: 4122:, p. 33. 4121: 4116: 4114: 4106: 4101: 4099: 4091: 4086: 4084: 4082: 4080: 4078: 4070: 4065: 4049: 4045: 4039: 4035: 4034: 4026: 4019: 4014: 4007: 4002: 3995: 3990: 3988: 3980: 3975: 3973: 3971: 3963: 3958: 3956: 3954: 3947:, p. 81. 3946: 3941: 3939: 3937: 3935: 3926: 3920: 3916: 3909: 3907: 3899: 3894: 3892: 3884: 3879: 3877: 3869: 3864: 3862: 3860: 3858: 3851:, p. 15. 3850: 3845: 3843: 3841: 3833: 3828: 3826: 3824: 3816: 3811: 3809: 3807: 3802: 3786: 3779: 3773: 3766: 3762: 3758: 3752: 3745: 3744:Martin Hengel 3742:and the late 3741: 3737: 3736:Larry Hurtado 3733: 3728: 3720: 3716: 3706: 3699: 3695: 3691: 3687: 3683: 3679: 3678:Old Testament 3673: 3660: 3657: 3656: 3652: 3643: 3638: 3629: 3625: 3622: 3618: 3617: 3613: 3605: 3601: 3597: 3593: 3589: 3585: 3580: 3571: 3565: 3564:Peter Abelard 3559: 3550: 3539: 3533: 3527: 3518: 3515: 3504: 3503:Ransom Theory 3500: 3496: 3495: 3491: 3482: 3474: 3467: 3460: 3456: 3450: 3441: 3437: 3433: 3429: 3426: 3422: 3419: 3415: 3411: 3408: 3404: 3399: 3398: 3394: 3388: 3383: 3373: 3364: 3360: 3357: 3354: 3351: 3348: 3347: 3346:Definitions: 3343: 3334: 3331: 3330: 3326: 3322: 3313: 3312: 3304: 3297: 3287: 3281: 3277: 3266: 3263: 3261: 3258: 3256: 3253: 3251: 3248: 3246: 3243: 3241: 3238: 3236: 3233: 3231: 3228: 3226: 3223: 3221: 3218: 3216: 3213: 3211: 3208: 3206: 3203: 3201: 3198: 3196: 3193: 3191: 3188: 3186: 3183: 3181: 3178: 3176: 3173: 3171: 3168: 3166: 3163: 3161: 3158: 3156: 3153: 3151: 3148: 3146: 3143: 3141: 3138: 3137: 3130: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3118: 3112: 3110: 3104: 3100: 3090: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3060: 3056: 3051: 3050:munus triplex 3046: 3040: 3030: 3027: 3021: 3019: 3015: 3010: 3008: 3004: 2998: 2994: 2984: 2982: 2978: 2977:Matthew 28:20 2973: 2969: 2967: 2963: 2959: 2954: 2948: 2944: 2929: 2926: 2922: 2920: 2916: 2911: 2907: 2898: 2895: 2884: 2880: 2870: 2868: 2864: 2859: 2857: 2853: 2849: 2845: 2844:Ephesians 3:9 2841: 2837: 2833: 2826: 2824: 2820: 2816: 2807: 2805: 2801: 2796: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2781: 2779: 2775: 2759: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2739: 2735: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2710: 2707:February 2019 2701: 2697: 2693: 2690: 2686: 2685: 2677: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2658: 2656: 2652: 2647: 2645: 2641: 2631: 2629: 2624: 2620: 2617:Although the 2615: 2614:) reject it. 2613: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2559: 2553: 2552: 2547: 2543: 2538: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2516: 2511: 2502: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2475: 2457: 2452: 2448: 2447:monophysitism 2444: 2440: 2436: 2431: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2404: 2399: 2395: 2391: 2381: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2366: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2343: 2341: 2335: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2296:Apostolic Age 2286: 2276: 2274: 2273: 2268: 2264: 2260: 2255: 2253: 2248: 2240: 2236: 2235: 2229: 2220: 2218: 2213: 2211: 2206: 2202: 2197: 2195: 2191: 2186: 2185:adoptionistic 2182: 2178: 2177:Philippians 2 2173: 2171: 2170: 2165: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2148: 2143: 2139: 2130: 2128: 2127:Apostolic Age 2118: 2115: 2111: 2110:Gerd Lüdemann 2107: 2106:Larry Hurtado 2103: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2078: 2077:Honest to God 2072: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2061:Larry Hurtado 2058: 2057:Martin Hengel 2053: 2046: 2045:was written. 2044: 2040: 2034: 2032: 2028: 2025:, especially 2023: 2016: 2014: 2008: 1998: 1996: 1993:included the 1992: 1988: 1983: 1979: 1974: 1972: 1967: 1962: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1930:New Testament 1927: 1926: 1918: 1913: 1899:Pre-existence 1896: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1885: 1880: 1876: 1870: 1868: 1861: 1859: 1858: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1807: 1798: 1793: 1789: 1786: 1783: 1779: 1776: 1775: 1773: 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1219: 1214: 1212: 1208: 1205:, and in the 1204: 1200: 1199:Jewish people 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1168: 1163: 1161: 1156: 1154: 1149: 1148: 1146: 1145: 1138: 1135: 1133: 1132: 1128: 1127: 1123: 1122: 1119: 1116: 1114: 1111: 1109: 1106: 1101: 1098: 1096: 1095:Homoousionism 1093: 1092: 1090: 1088: 1085: 1083: 1080: 1075: 1074:Monophysitism 1072: 1070: 1067: 1066: 1064: 1059: 1058:Monothelitism 1056: 1054: 1051: 1050: 1048: 1043: 1040: 1038: 1035: 1034: 1032: 1030: 1027: 1024: 1020: 1017: 1015: 1012: 1010: 1007: 1005: 1002: 1001: 997: 996: 988: 987: 980: 977: 975: 972: 967: 964: 962: 959: 957: 954: 952: 949: 948: 946: 941: 940: 936: 934: 933: 929: 928: 926: 921: 918: 916: 913: 912: 910: 905: 904: 900: 898: 895: 893: 890: 889: 887: 882: 881: 877: 875: 872: 871: 869: 864: 861: 859: 856: 855: 853: 851: 848: 846: 845: 841: 839: 836: 831: 830:Pre-existence 828: 826: 823: 821: 820: 816: 815: 813: 808: 805: 803: 800: 799: 797: 792: 791: 787: 785: 782: 781: 779: 778: 770: 769: 765: 761: 760: 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237: 234: 232: 229: 225: 222: 220: 217: 215: 212: 211: 210: 207: 205: 202: 201: 198: 193: 192: 185: 182: 180: 177: 175: 172: 170: 167: 165: 162: 160: 159:New Testament 157: 155: 154:Old Testament 152: 151: 144: 142: 139: 138: 134: 133: 126: 123: 121: 118: 116: 113: 111: 108: 106: 103: 101: 98: 97: 91: 88: 86: 83: 82: 78: 77: 73: 69: 68: 65: 62: 61: 57: 53: 52: 39: 34: 30: 19: 12118:Holy Kinship 12069:Master Jesus 12047:Baháʼí Faith 11952: 11941:Christianity 11928:Christianity 11898:Christ Child 11893:Bibliography 11743:Resurrection 11657:Homelessness 11566:(apocryphal) 11547:Virgin birth 11537:Annunciation 11529:Jesus's life 11356: 11151:Architecture 11045:Confirmation 10993:Ecclesiology 10924:Original sin 10914:Nicene Creed 10908: 10711:Old Catholic 10595:Papal States 10527:Great Church 10493:Resurrection 10435:Christianity 10392:New Covenant 10343:(Scriptures) 10288:Christianity 10243: 10194:Omnipresence 10164:Divine mercy 9988:Two kingdoms 9882:Broad church 9791: 9784: 9777: 9770: 9763: 9758: 9669:Monoenergism 9659:Miaphysitism 9359:By tradition 9299:Biblical law 9251:Conciliarism 9117: / 9087: / 9083: / 9014:Conciliarity 8991:Presbyterian 8947:Ecclesiology 8922:Original sin 8909: 8900:Anthropology 8887:Hamartiology 8836:Resurrection 8826:Regeneration 8801:Perseverance 8795:Ordo salutis 8793: 8757:Irresistible 8729: 8725:Eternal life 8715:Divinization 8590:Resurrection 8533:Perichoresis 8523:Immutability 8508:Pneumatology 8502: 8471:Hermeneutics 8446:Preservation 8365: 8340: 8322: 8304: 8294: 8275:, Eerdmans, 8272: 8246:, Eerdmans, 8242: 8218:, Eerdmans, 8215: 8193: 8179: 8149: 8140: 8105: 8096: 8084:. 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Retrieved 5153: 5146: 5119: 5118:Hick, John, 5114: 5106: 5101: 5096:, p. 6. 5089: 5077: 5066: 5060:Acts 9:26–28 5055: 5044: 5039:, p. 5. 5011: 5006:, p. 4. 4999: 4987: 4960: 4952: 4947: 4942:, p. 3. 4940:Talbert 2011 4935: 4912: 4890: 4878: 4873:, p. 3. 4866: 4859:Netland 2001 4854: 4842: 4835:Talbert 2011 4830: 4803: 4776:. Retrieved 4756: 4750: 4738:. Retrieved 4718: 4712: 4701: 4689:. Retrieved 4669: 4605: 4601: 4586: 4562: 4558: 4550: 4546: 4539:McGrath 2006 4534: 4523: 4516:McGrath 2006 4499: 4494: 4486: 4481: 4454: 4427: 4415: 4374:, retrieved 4357: 4353: 4343: 4331: 4319: 4314:, p. 1. 4307: 4299: 4294: 4289:, p. 8. 4282: 4274: 4266: 4259:Gustaf Aulen 4254: 4242: 4237:, p. 2. 4230: 4221: 4214:McGrath 2007 4179: 4158: 4146:. Retrieved 4137: 4127: 4092:, p. 4. 4064: 4052:. Retrieved 4032: 4025: 4020:, p. 3. 4013: 4001: 3914: 3785: 3772: 3751: 3740:N. T. Wright 3715: 3705: 3682:Christophany 3672: 3651: 3637: 3627: 3620: 3619:Alexandria: 3612: 3600:Apostle Paul 3579: 3570: 3558: 3549: 3513: 3502: 3498: 3490: 3481: 3466: 3455:Gustaf Aulén 3449: 3393: 3382: 3372: 3342: 3325: 3280: 3240:Pneumatology 3190:Great Church 3175:Eutychianism 3121: 3113: 3106: 3082: 3042: 3022: 3011: 3000: 2972:Matthew 1:23 2970: 2962:Matthew 1:21 2960:emphasis of 2950: 2923: 2904: 2891: 2861: 2851: 2828: 2813: 2803: 2797: 2785:13th century 2782: 2771: 2753: 2749:adding to it 2744: 2704: 2700:adding to it 2695: 2659: 2655:Monothelites 2648: 2637: 2616: 2563: 2555: 2549: 2539: 2520: 2498: 2486: 2479:dyophysitism 2451:Nestorianism 2443:dyophysitism 2435:miaphysitism 2432: 2427: 2401: 2388:In 431, the 2387: 2373: 2370:Nicene Creed 2363: 2350:In 325, the 2349: 2336: 2300:monoprosopic 2293: 2270: 2256: 2244: 2231: 2214: 2204: 2198: 2174: 2167: 2161: 2145: 2124: 2114:N. T. Wright 2075: 2073: 2065:N. T. Wright 2047: 2035: 2030: 2017: 2010: 1990: 1986: 1981: 1975: 1970: 1947: 1946: 1923: 1921: 1916: 1902: 1882: 1872: 1863: 1855: 1840: 1820:Resurrection 1805: 1743:Jesus Christ 1652:Gustaf Aulèn 1648:his creation 1636:original sin 1605: 1571: 1560:Nestorianism 1534: 1475:Dyophysitism 1465:Miaphysitism 1449: 1433: 1427: 1424:Jesus Christ 1421: 1382: 1378: 1364: 1356: 1352: 1350: 1335: 1327:Jesus Christ 1291: 1290: 1281:miaphysitism 1257:early church 1254: 1215: 1182: 1179:Christianity 1176: 1129: 1118:Theopaschism 1113:Nestorianism 1082:Miaphysitism 1069:Dyophysitism 1053:Dyothelitism 1042:Monoenergism 1019:Chalcedonism 1014:Eutychianism 1009:Apollinarism 939:Syncatabasis 937: 930: 920:Intercession 901: 878: 842: 817: 788: 755: 613:Civilization 453: 446: 439: 432: 423:Old Catholic 403: 261:Universalism 240: 184:New Covenant 120:Resurrection 64:Christianity 37: 29: 12257:Christology 12144:Descendants 12102:Holy Family 12085:Genealogies 12052:Manichaeism 11958:Incarnation 11953:Christology 11946:1st century 11828:Historicity 11719:Crucifixion 11687:Last Supper 11412:Persecution 11347:Christendom 11340:Cooperation 11277:Charismatic 11188:Holy Spirit 11097:Natural law 11060:Holy orders 10909:Christology 10902:Holy Spirit 10771:Pentecostal 10751:Evangelical 10746:Charismatic 10590:Monasticism 10582:Middle Ages 10545:Constantine 10488:Crucifixion 10370:Foundations 10199:Omniscience 10189:Omnipotence 10179:Love of God 10033:(Calvinist) 10016:Glossolalia 9892:High church 9772:Sola gratia 9614:Tabor Light 9599:Proskynesis 9584:Metousiosis 9579:Gnomic will 9464:Natural law 9439:Josephology 9429:Indulgences 9294:Apologetics 9261:Reformation 9256:Renaissance 9169:Tribulation 9052:Historicism 9044:Eschatology 8742:Forgiveness 8663:Soteriology 8601:Holy Spirit 8585:Incarnation 8503:Christology 8441:Inspiration 7629:Web-sources 7559:Christology 7086:27 February 6851:: 119–152. 6806:20 November 6610:Christology 6490:pp. 220–224 6383:pp. 401–403 6309:Rahner 2004 5726:pp. 144–145 5618:Rausch 2003 5566:Karl Rahner 5302:Ehrman 2014 5287:8 September 4992:Ehrman 2014 4980:Ehrman 2014 4895:Ehrman 2003 4847:Ehrman 2014 4823:Ehrman 2014 4796:Ehrman 2014 4447:Weaver 2001 4408:Packer 1973 4393:Taylor 1956 4376:11 December 4360:: 221–255, 4235:Weaver 2001 4197:Ehrman 1993 3994:Ehrman 2014 3883:Ehrman 2014 3815:Ehrman 2014 3538:satisfactio 3526:satisfactio 3387:John 1:1–14 3063:John Calvin 2910:Karl Rahner 2908:theologian 2863:John Calvin 2856:Hebrews 7:3 2840:Hebrews 1:2 2832:Hebrews 1:3 2810:Reformation 2800:Middle Ages 2576:Lutheranism 2572:Anglicanism 2535:Protestants 2420:Celestine I 2304:dyoprosopic 2223:The Gospels 2181:incarnation 2013:adoptionist 1889:Incarnation 1867:adoptionism 1747:crucifixion 1513:Adoptionism 1511:(including 1495:Anglicanism 1491:Lutheranism 1444:dual nature 1338:Ontological 1292:Christology 1259:and at the 1250:adoptionism 1183:Christology 1037:Dyoenergism 1004:Adoptionism 863:Humiliation 825:Incarnation 807:God the Son 756:Christology 501:Pentecostal 383:(full list) 357:Reformation 322:Constantine 241:Christology 231:Apologetics 224:Holy Spirit 145:Foundations 115:Crucifixion 45: 1560 12251:Categories 11990:Son of God 11885:Depictions 11623:Beatitudes 11580:Temptation 11524:Chronology 11326:Prosperity 11302:Liberation 11242:Cathedrals 11227:Pilgrimage 11212:Literature 11089:Philosophy 11025:Sacraments 10998:Four marks 10959:Protestant 10934:Born again 10731:Anabaptist 10721:Protestant 10663:Influences 10625:Modern era 10329:By country 10116:Anabaptism 10052:Free Grace 9897:Low church 9529:Veneration 9474:Priesthood 9384:Absolution 9324:Missiology 9314:Homiletics 9236:Iconoclasm 9221:Patristics 9188:Historical 9164:Soul sleep 9105:Apocalypse 9100:Antichrist 9002:Historical 8972:Missiology 8960:Confession 8831:Repentance 8821:Redemption 8769:Imputation 8762:Prevenient 8710:Conversion 8675:Absolution 8498:Paterology 8493:Attributes 8424:Systematic 7390:9 November 7355:16 October 7051:16 October 6620:pp 132–134 6200:Ann Loades 6031:0664227481 5984:0802822665 5544:: 356–359. 5243:16 October 5175:16 October 4614:0567223574 4420:Baker 2006 4090:Brown 2004 4018:Brown 2004 3898:Davis 1990 3797:References 3761:Son of God 3757:Saint Paul 3596:redemption 3542:justice)." 3284:(from the 3235:Paterology 3119:dialogue. 3117:ecumenical 2981:Ulrich Luz 2941:See also: 2877:See also: 2774:Franciscan 2756:March 2019 2670:veneration 2546:Pope Leo I 2542:dyophysite 2533:and other 2487:miaphysite 2462:κατὰ φύσιν 2456:Mia Physis 2406:title for 2365:homoousios 2320:Gnosticism 2261:, and his 2252:John 21:25 2210:Son of God 2142:Saint Paul 2102:James Dunn 1934:Septuagint 1922:The title 1848:Son of God 1844:Son of Man 1814:See also: 1753:for human 1751:substitute 1550:Son of God 1497:, and the 1435:hypostasis 1393:See also: 1294:(from the 1248:", versus 1222:Son of God 1218:Son of Man 1108:Homoianism 961:Perfection 858:Exaltation 802:Son of God 561:Irvingians 526:Waldensian 466:Anabaptist 455:Protestant 12218:Sexuality 12203:Criticism 12188:Christmas 12064:Mandaeism 12040:Ahmadiyya 11748:Ascension 11672:Anointing 11607:Disciples 11590:Selecting 11402:Criticism 11352:Ecumenism 11316:Mysticism 11282:Democracy 11272:Anarchism 11259:Movements 11222:Mythology 11200:Catechism 11195:Education 11112:Evolution 11035:Eucharist 11018:Canon law 10976:Theotokos 10971:Mariology 10929:Salvation 10919:Tradition 10766:Methodist 10726:Adventist 10560:Chalcedon 10111:Adventism 10031:Reformed 9827:Assurance 9765:Sola fide 9718:Adiaphora 9629:Theotokos 9609:Symphonia 9604:Sobornost 9594:Phyletism 9504:Sainthood 9499:Sacrament 9479:Purgatory 9459:Modernism 9449:Mariology 9344:Political 9319:Liturgics 9304:Education 9286:Practical 9201:Orthodoxy 9124:End times 9095:Adventism 9072:Preterism 8986:Episcopal 8965:Eucharist 8955:Sacrament 8851:Synergism 8841:Salvation 8784:Monergism 8690:Atonement 8685:Assurance 8615:Cosmology 8595:Ascension 8433:Scripture 8358:Atonement 7806:atonement 7300:, Wiley, 6889:148616605 6873:0029-5973 6865:1568-5276 6363:pp. 22–23 6285:Dunn 2003 5497:162364599 5489:1613-009X 5094:Loke 2017 5071:Acts 15:2 5037:Loke 2017 5016:Loke 2017 5004:Loke 2017 4965:Bird 2017 4928:Loke 2017 4883:Mack 1995 4871:Loke 2017 4808:Loke 2017 4616:pp. 50–51 4596:pp. 19–23 4336:Pugh 2015 4324:Pugh 2015 4312:Pugh 2015 4287:Pugh 2015 3849:Ramm 1993 3686:theophany 3626:Antioch: 3592:salvation 3436:Sergius I 3432:Heraclius 3414:heretical 3170:Eucharist 3099:Mariology 3093:Mariology 3055:Christian 3018:Acts 2:23 2919:Luke 9:26 2915:Mark 8:38 2848:Micah 5:2 2531:Anglicans 2527:Lutherans 2499:Theotokos 2441:) versus 2428:Theotokos 2403:Theotokos 2398:Mariology 2394:Nestorius 2194:atonement 2090:John Hick 1745:suffered 1683:sacrifice 1628:forgiving 1612:atonement 1592:Salvation 1582:orthodoxy 1331:salvation 1244:and then 1207:salvation 1087:Henotikon 992:Doctrines 951:Knowledge 915:Imitation 668:Symbolism 628:Ecumenism 618:Criticism 496:Moravian 491:Methodist 461:Adventist 332:Augustine 282:Tradition 256:Salvation 125:Ascension 12236:Category 12107:Panthera 12092:(mother) 11851:Josephus 11704:Betrayal 11647:Miracles 11642:Parables 11602:Ministry 11585:Apostles 11542:Nativity 11456:Category 11321:Pacifism 11135:features 11119:Politics 11072:Ablution 11040:Marriage 10944:Catholic 10874:Theology 10781:Reformed 10761:Lutheran 10756:Holiness 10736:Anglican 10706:Catholic 10610:Crusades 10555:Nicaea I 10505:Apostles 10478:Miracles 10473:Parables 10463:Ministry 10453:Nativity 10417:timeline 10314:Prophets 10309:Glossary 10147:See also 10072:Wesleyan 9935:Lutheran 9864:Anglican 9589:Phronema 9419:Filioque 9399:Dogmatic 9339:Polemics 9334:Pastoral 9115:Covenant 9067:Futurism 9057:Idealism 9034:Shunning 9019:Koinonia 8932:Theodicy 8905:The Fall 8871:Blessing 8720:Election 8680:Adoption 8653:Theodicy 8638:Humanity 8623:Creation 8461:Exegesis 8451:Canonics 8292:(2014), 8271:(2008), 8262:61461917 8234:51623141 8214:(2003), 8191:(2017), 8177:(1960), 8139:(2016), 8130:Overview 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3133:See also 3059:Eusebius 2958:salvific 2906:Catholic 2867:the Word 2836:John 1:3 2580:Reformed 2564:(physis) 2521:The 451 2316:Ebionism 2312:Arianism 2263:miracles 2259:parables 2100:(1977), 2096:(1980), 1618:through 1574:councils 1546:Arianism 1540:Docetism 1517:Modalism 1429:prosopic 1418:, Greece 1395:Prosopon 1346:salvific 1306:Khristós 1187:theology 1029:Docetism 979:Redeemer 903:Prosopon 880:Homoiōma 774:Concepts 686:Glossary 633:Glossary 516:Reformed 486:Lutheran 471:Anglican 405:Catholic 347:Crusades 337:Ignatius 327:Councils 292:Apostles 197:Theology 110:Ministry 100:Nativity 56:a series 54:Part of 12159:Related 12129:Joachim 12023:Judaism 12013:Jesuism 11913:Statues 11866:Gospels 11856:Tacitus 11846:Sources 11771:Matthew 11766:Gospels 11677:Passion 11630:Prayers 11575:Baptism 11564:Infancy 11509:Outline 11385:Related 11178:Trinity 11143:Culture 11107:Science 11077:Hygiene 11067:Mission 11050:Penance 11030:Baptism 10966:Worship 10939:Liturgy 10887:Trinity 10798:Eastern 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