407:
431:
40:
383:
395:
490:
356:
The misnomer "portal triad" traditionally has included only the first three structures, and was named before lymphatic vessels were discovered in the structure. It can refer both to the largest branch of each of these vessels running inside the
430:
281:
and extends outwards to the two adjacent central veins. The periportal zone I is nearest to the entering vascular supply and receives the most oxygenated blood, making it least sensitive to
406:
373:
477:
Fluid (residual blood plasma) that is not taken up by hepatocytes drains into the periportal space, and is taken up by the lymphatic vessels that accompany the other
843:
M.J. Burns; S.L. Friedman; A.M. Larson (2009). "Acetaminophen (paracetamol) poisoning in adults: Pathophysiology, presentation, and diagnosis". In D.S. Basow (ed.).
285:
while making it very susceptible to viral hepatitis. Conversely, the centrilobular zone III has the poorest oxygenation, and will be most affected during a time of
891:
493:
Oxygenation zones are numbered inside the diamond-shaped acinus (in red). Zone three is closest to the central vein and zone one is closest to the portal triad
135:
928:
527:-based drug detoxification. This specialization is reflected histologically; the detoxifying zone III cells have the highest concentration of
202:: they are the smaller divisions of the lobes. The two-dimensional microarchitecture of the liver can be viewed from different perspectives:
111:
696:
921:
896:
827:
757:
680:
914:
436:
Portal triad of mouse liver. 1= bile duct, 2= branch of hepatic artery, 3= branch of portal vein, 4= lymphatic vessels
1051:
799:
706:
655:
256:
elliptical or diamond-shaped; divided into zone I (periportal), zone II (transition zone), and zone III (pericentral)
787:
142:
17:
722:
130:
1201:
44:
The structure of the liver’s functional units or lobules. Blood enters the lobules through branches of the
938:
598:
996:
1217:
791:
781:
570:
seen in several types of liver injury, describes fibrosis from the central vein to the portal triad.
394:
1237:
906:
900:
1095:
1080:
974:
358:
1260:
989:
954:
192:
118:
106:
1041:
984:
747:
510:
321:
317:) is a distinctive arrangement within lobules. It consists of the following five structures:
49:
265:
The term "hepatic lobule", without qualification, typically refers to the classical lobule.
1001:
858:
633:
621:
609:
273:
The hepatic lobule can be described in terms of metabolic "zones", describing the hepatic
8:
1112:
327:
1107:
964:
886:
179:
defined at the microscopic scale. The hepatic lobule is a building block of the liver
1232:
1227:
1145:
1102:
823:
795:
753:
702:
676:
651:
365:
344:
645:
382:
372:. The ring of hepatocytes abutting the connective tissue of the triad is called the
330:, a venule branch of the portal vein, with blood rich in nutrients but low in oxygen
39:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1140:
1135:
1090:
1085:
1011:
180:
1212:
548:
524:
502:
282:
1155:
1006:
979:
451:
199:
53:
506:
1254:
1063:
1028:
969:
579:
536:
123:
228:
hexagonal; divided into concentric centrilobular, midzonal, periportal parts
1046:
1018:
959:
552:
478:
463:
278:
240:
67:
148:
1130:
1122:
544:
520:
501:
zone I hepatocytes are specialized for oxidative liver functions such as
350:
45:
1036:
516:
467:
369:
184:
1072:
334:
188:
160:
72:
277:(terminal acinus). Each zone is centered on the line connecting two
1171:
936:
817:
567:
470:
in the hepatic lobule, and is thought to be one of the sites where
364:
In the smaller portal triads, the four vessels lie in a network of
286:
842:
361:, and to the smaller branches of these vessels inside the liver.
164:
489:
324:, an arteriole branch of the hepatic artery that supplies oxygen
646:
B.R. Bacon; J.G. O'Grady; A.M. Di
Bisceglie; J.R. Lake (2006).
528:
274:
946:
532:
471:
176:
94:
82:
338:
245:
698:
Vander's Human
Physiology, The Mechanisms of Body Function
543:
Other zonal injury patterns include zone I deposition of
745:
818:
E.R. Schiff; M.F. Sorrell; W.C. Maddrey, eds. (2007).
636:
at the
University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
624:
at the
University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
612:
at the
University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
859:"The liver ~ Medical student education – Tissupath"
1252:
922:
820:Schiff's Diseases of the Liver, Tenth Edition
27:Microscopic anatomical divisions of the liver
780:Ross, Michael H.; Pawlina, Wojciech (2006).
779:
739:
723:"Physiology of the Hepatic Vascular System"
929:
915:
752:. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 44–.
673:Junqueira's Basic Histology text and atlas
38:
813:
811:
558:
488:
337:of cuboidal epithelium, branches of the
670:
462:, is a space between the stroma of the
14:
1253:
808:
675:. McGraw-Hill Education. p. 333.
515:zone III cells are more important for
910:
822:. Lippincott William & Wilkins.
773:
639:
599:Cell and Tissue Structure at U. Va.
441:
368:and are surrounded on all sides by
187:arranged in linear cords between a
24:
25:
1272:
1052:Liver sinusoidal endothelial cell
880:
788:Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
749:MacSween's pathology of the liver
648:Comprehensive Clinical Hepatology
939:liver, pancreas and biliary tree
746:Roderick N. M. MacSween (2007).
429:
405:
400:Labeled sketch of a portal canal
393:
381:
183:, consisting of a portal triad,
143:Anatomical terms of microanatomy
851:
836:
531:and thus are most sensitive to
292:
198:Lobules are different from the
715:
689:
664:
627:
615:
603:
592:
13:
1:
585:
412:Portal triad of a rat liver,
175:, are small divisions of the
671:Mescher, Anthony L. (2013).
650:. Elsevier Health Sciences.
268:
7:
783:Histology: A Text and Atlas
573:
484:
10:
1277:
997:Fibrous capsule of Glisson
507:β-oxidation of fatty acids
497:Zones differ by function:
416:branch of hepatic artery,
239:triangular; centered on a
1170:
1121:
1071:
1062:
945:
474:originates in the liver.
374:periportal limiting plate
259:blood flow and metabolic
141:
129:
117:
105:
93:
88:
78:
66:
61:
37:
32:
892:Histology at okstate.edu
847:. Waltham, MA: UpToDate.
551:and zone II necrosis in
460:periportal space of Mall
1081:Intrahepatic bile ducts
887:Histology at siumed.edu
634:Histology image: 88_09b
622:Histology image: 88_09a
420:branch of portal vein,
359:hepatoduodenal ligament
897:UIUC Histology Subject
727:www.vivo.colostate.edu
610:Histology image: 88_03
494:
455:
1042:Hepatic stellate cell
701:. 26 September 2016.
559:Clinical significance
511:cholesterol synthesis
492:
322:proper hepatic artery
52:, then flows through
50:hepatic artery proper
1002:Perisinusoidal space
1113:Common hepatic duct
456:spatium periportale
328:hepatic portal vein
1108:Right hepatic duct
965:Ligamentum venosum
495:
466:and the outermost
341:conducting system.
1248:
1247:
1233:Centroacinar cell
1228:Pancreatic islets
1166:
1165:
1146:Sphincter of Oddi
1103:Left hepatic duct
829:978-0-7817-6040-9
759:978-0-443-10012-3
682:978-0-07-180720-3
564:Bridging fibrosis
366:connective tissue
345:lymphatic vessels
333:one or two small
263:
262:
157:
156:
152:
16:(Redirected from
1268:
1202:Uncinate process
1141:Ampulla of Vater
1136:Common bile duct
1091:Canals of Hering
1086:Bile canaliculus
1069:
1068:
1024:Lobules of liver
1012:Periportal space
931:
924:
917:
908:
907:
874:
873:
871:
869:
863:tissupath.com.au
855:
849:
848:
840:
834:
833:
815:
806:
805:
777:
771:
770:
768:
766:
743:
737:
736:
734:
733:
719:
713:
712:
693:
687:
686:
668:
662:
661:
643:
637:
631:
625:
619:
613:
607:
601:
596:
525:cytochrome P-450
448:periportal space
442:Periportal space
433:
409:
397:
385:
225:classical lobule
205:
204:
169:lobules of liver
149:edit on Wikidata
146:
73:Digestive system
42:
33:Lobules of liver
30:
29:
21:
18:Periportal space
1276:
1275:
1271:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1266:
1265:
1251:
1250:
1249:
1244:
1162:
1117:
1058:
941:
937:Anatomy of the
935:
883:
878:
877:
867:
865:
857:
856:
852:
841:
837:
830:
816:
809:
802:
778:
774:
764:
762:
760:
744:
740:
731:
729:
721:
720:
716:
709:
695:
694:
690:
683:
669:
665:
658:
644:
640:
632:
628:
620:
616:
608:
604:
597:
593:
588:
576:
561:
549:hemochromatosis
503:gluconeogenesis
487:
444:
437:
434:
425:
410:
401:
398:
389:
386:
301:(also known as
295:
283:ischemic injury
271:
191:network, and a
173:hepatic lobules
153:
57:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1274:
1264:
1263:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1242:
1241:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1222:
1221:
1220:
1215:
1207:
1206:
1205:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1176:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1160:
1159:
1158:
1156:Cholecystocyte
1150:
1149:
1148:
1138:
1133:
1127:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1099:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1077:
1075:
1066:
1060:
1059:
1057:
1056:
1055:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1015:
1014:
1007:Liver sinusoid
1004:
999:
994:
993:
992:
987:
980:Lobes of liver
977:
975:Round ligament
972:
967:
962:
957:
951:
949:
943:
942:
934:
933:
926:
919:
911:
905:
904:
894:
889:
882:
881:External links
879:
876:
875:
850:
835:
828:
807:
800:
772:
758:
738:
714:
707:
688:
681:
663:
656:
638:
626:
614:
602:
590:
589:
587:
584:
583:
582:
575:
572:
560:
557:
541:
540:
535:production in
513:
486:
483:
481:constituents.
443:
440:
439:
438:
435:
428:
426:
411:
404:
402:
399:
392:
390:
387:
380:
354:
353:
349:branch of the
347:
342:
331:
325:
294:
291:
270:
267:
261:
260:
257:
254:
250:
249:
243:
237:
233:
232:
229:
226:
222:
221:
216:
211:
200:lobes of liver
155:
154:
145:
139:
138:
133:
127:
126:
121:
115:
114:
109:
103:
102:
100:lobuli hepatis
97:
91:
90:
86:
85:
80:
76:
75:
70:
64:
63:
59:
58:
43:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1273:
1262:
1261:Liver anatomy
1259:
1258:
1256:
1239:
1238:Stellate cell
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1224:Microanatomy
1223:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1203:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1064:Biliary tract
1061:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1033:Microanatomy
1032:
1030:
1029:Liver segment
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
991:
988:
986:
983:
982:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
970:Porta hepatis
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
952:
950:
948:
944:
940:
932:
927:
925:
920:
918:
913:
912:
909:
903:
902:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
884:
864:
860:
854:
846:
839:
831:
825:
821:
814:
812:
803:
801:0-7817-7221-4
797:
793:
789:
785:
784:
776:
761:
755:
751:
750:
742:
728:
724:
718:
710:
708:9781478436232
704:
700:
699:
692:
684:
678:
674:
667:
659:
657:0-323-03675-9
653:
649:
642:
635:
630:
623:
618:
611:
606:
600:
595:
591:
581:
580:Porta hepatis
578:
577:
571:
569:
565:
556:
554:
550:
546:
538:
537:acetaminophen
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
512:
508:
504:
500:
499:
498:
491:
482:
480:
475:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
432:
427:
423:
419:
415:
408:
403:
396:
391:
384:
379:
378:
377:
375:
371:
367:
362:
360:
352:
348:
346:
343:
340:
336:
335:bile ductules
332:
329:
326:
323:
320:
319:
318:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
290:
288:
284:
280:
279:portal triads
276:
266:
258:
255:
252:
251:
247:
244:
242:
238:
236:portal lobule
235:
234:
230:
227:
224:
223:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
206:
203:
201:
196:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
163:(microscopic
162:
150:
144:
140:
137:
134:
132:
128:
125:
122:
120:
116:
113:
110:
108:
104:
101:
98:
96:
92:
87:
84:
81:
77:
74:
71:
69:
65:
60:
55:
51:
47:
41:
36:
31:
19:
1096:Interlobular
1047:Kupffer cell
1023:
1019:Portal triad
960:Cantlie line
899:
866:. Retrieved
862:
853:
844:
838:
819:
782:
775:
763:. Retrieved
748:
741:
730:. Retrieved
726:
717:
697:
691:
672:
666:
647:
641:
629:
617:
605:
594:
566:, a type of
563:
562:
553:yellow fever
542:
496:
479:portal triad
476:
464:portal canal
459:
447:
445:
421:
417:
413:
388:Portal triad
363:
355:
315:portal tract
314:
310:
307:portal field
306:
303:portal canal
302:
299:portal triad
298:
296:
293:Portal triad
272:
264:
241:portal triad
218:
213:
208:
197:
193:central vein
172:
168:
158:
112:A05.8.01.056
99:
1131:Cystic duct
1123:Gallbladder
545:hemosiderin
521:lipogenesis
468:hepatocytes
370:hepatocytes
351:vagus nerve
311:portal area
231:anatomical
185:hepatocytes
89:Identifiers
46:portal vein
1073:Bile ducts
1037:Hepatocyte
790:. p.
732:2018-12-04
586:References
517:glycolysis
248:secretion
1218:accessory
955:Bare area
539:toxicity.
424:bile duct
269:Structure
189:capillary
161:histology
54:sinusoids
1255:Category
1172:Pancreas
990:Quadrate
845:UpToDate
574:See also
568:fibrosis
485:Function
287:ischemia
79:Location
985:Caudate
868:20 June
253:acinus
167:), the
165:anatomy
62:Details
1209:Ducts
1179:Gross
1152:Cells
826:
798:
765:23 May
756:
705:
679:
654:
529:CYP2E1
458:), or
275:acinus
181:tissue
68:System
947:Liver
533:NAPQI
472:lymph
452:Latin
313:, or
219:Model
214:Shape
177:liver
171:, or
147:[
136:76488
95:Latin
83:Liver
1213:main
1198:Head
1193:Neck
1188:Body
1183:Tail
870:2018
824:ISBN
796:ISBN
767:2011
754:ISBN
703:ISBN
677:ISBN
652:ISBN
523:and
509:and
446:The
339:bile
246:bile
209:Name
124:3060
107:TA98
48:and
901:923
792:426
547:in
159:In
131:FMA
119:TA2
1257::
861:.
810:^
794:.
786:.
725:.
555:.
519:,
505:,
454::
376:.
309:,
305:,
297:A
289:.
195:.
1204:)
1200:(
930:e
923:t
916:v
872:.
832:.
804:.
769:.
735:.
711:.
685:.
660:.
450:(
422:3
418:2
414:1
151:]
56:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
