People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran

1993:"in the eyes of traditionalists, particularly among the bazaar middle class, the whole incident was indecent. It smacked of wife-swapping, especially when Abrishamchi announced his own marriage to Khiabani's younger sister. It involved women with young children and wives of close friends – a taboo in traditional Iranian culture;" something that further isolated the Mojahedin and also upset some members of the organization. Also according to Abrahamian, "the incident was equally outrageous in the eyes of the secularists, especially among the modern intelligentsia. It projected onto the public arena a matter that should have been treated as a private issue between two individuals." Many criticized Maryam Azodanlu's giving up her own maiden name (something most Iranian women did not do and she herself had not done in her previous marriage). They would question whether this was in line with her claims of being a staunch feminist. 887:, intending to topple the regime. Big crowds gathered in various cities, with the Tehran protest alone attracting up to 500,000 people. Leading clerics proclaimed that demonstrators would be considered "enemies of God" and face immediate execution regardless of age. In the area around Tehran University, 50 people were killed, 200 wounded, and 1,000 taken into custody, surpassing the intensity of most street battles during the Islamic Revolution. 23 demonstrators were also executed by firing squads, with teenage girls among those executed. From June 24 to 27, the regime executed an additional 50 people. The reported number of executions increased to "600 by September, 1700 by October, and 2500 by December." Initially, the regime publicly displayed the bodies and took pride in declaring the execution of entire families, "including teenage daughters and 60-year-old grandmothers." The MEK responded by declaring war against the 345: 1038:. In June 1986, France, then seeking to improve relations with Iran, expelled the MEK and the organization relocated to Iraq. MEK representatives contend that their organization had little alternative to moving to Iraq considering its aim of toppling the Iranian clerical government. From 1982 to 1988, despite the mounting casualties on both sides, the lingering underground presence of the MEK in Iran remained operational and went on to perform an average of sixty operations per week, resulting in assassinations of important Khomeini deputies. The MEK came to be considered Iran's "largest and most active Iranian exile organization", and its publications were commonly circulated within the Iranian diaspora. 6892:, p. 100: According to eyewitnesses and PMOI documents, including its official paper Mojahed, the PMOI supported the November 4, 1979 takeover of the U.S. Embassy in Tehran and reportedly argued against the early release of the hostages The PMOI claims it could not have supported the hostage taking because the regime used the hostage crises as excuse to eliminate its internal opponents, including the PMOI. The hostage crisis brought down the government of the Islamic Republic's first Prime Minister, Mehdi Bazargan, and the clerics quickly worked to monopolize power and institute clerical rule in line with Khomeini's ideology. 6099:

Shah's regime. Moreover, and alarmingly for the security services, the group made it one of their principal objectives to disrupt the Celebrations. Around the time of the festivities, US Ambassador Douglas Macarthur was almost kidnapped by gunmen who ambushed his limousine, and a plan to kidnap the British ambassador, Peter Ramsbotham, was also uncovered. More attempted kidnappings prompted an increase in security, as the Dutch ambassador explained in a report in early October... SAVAK later claimed that sixty members of the Iranian Liberation Organization were charged with plotting to carry out kidnappings during the Celebrations.

336: 1699:", with the Iranian Foreign Ministry spokesman saying the "two suspects in Belgium were in fact members of the People's Mujahideen". In October 2018, the French government officially and publicly blamed Iran's Intelligence Service for the failed attack against the MEK. U.S. officials also condemned Iran over the foiled bomb plot that France blames on Tehran. In December 2018, Albania expelled two Iranian diplomats due to alleged involvement in the bomb plot against the MEK (where Mayor Giuliani and other US government officials were also gathered) accusing the two of "violating their diplomatic status". Iranian President 7069:, p. 206-207,219-220"Prominent clerics declared that demonstrators, irrespective of their age, would be treated as 'enemies of God' and as such would be executed on the spot. Hezbolahis were armed and trucked in to block off the major streets. Pasdars were ordered to shoot. Fifty were killed, 200 injured, and 1000 arrested in the vicinity of Tehran University alone. This surpassed most of the street clashes of the Islamic Revolution. The warden of Evin Prison announced with much fanfare that firing squads had executed twenty-three demonstrators, including a number of teenage girls. The reign of terror had begun." 1969:, the MEK "declared that God had created men and women to be equal in all things: in political and intellectual matters, as well as in legal, economic, and social issues." According to Tohidi, in 1982, as the government in Tehran led an expansive effort to limit women's rights, the MEK adopted a female leadership. In 1987, the National Liberation Army (NLA), "saw female resistors commanding military operations from their former base at Camp Ashraf (in Diyala, Iraq) to Iran's westernmost provinces, where they engaged alongside the men in armed combat with Iran's regular and paramilitary forces". 1027:, Rajavi's first wife and six others. Rajavi's son Mostafa survived and was later sent to Paris. This event significantly consolidated Rajavi's leadership position since like him, Khiabani was one of the few surviving initial members who had undertaken the organizations original ideological training. The MEK stressed the significance of ideology, which was shaped by its interpretation of what was missing in Iran at the time such as lack of freedom and human rights limitations by the Islamic Republic. The majority of the MEK leadership and members fled to France, where it operated until 1985. 2789: 7963:: "On June 19, 1988, the NLA launched its offensive entitled Chehel Setareh or "40 Stars" in which twenty-two organized brigades of Mojahedin recaptured the city of Mehran, which the regime had wrested from Iraqi control after the Mojahedin had set up its "provisional government" there. The Mojahedin and claimed that absolutely no Iraqi soldiers participated in this operation, and Iraqi Culture and Information Minister, Latif Nusayyif Jasim, later denied that Iraq had deployed air units to help the NLA or had used chemical weapons to drive the Islamic Republic's troops from Mehran." 1648: 2647: 725:

formed, one being Muslim and the other Marxist. The Marxist faction asserted that "they had reached the conclusion that Marxism, not Islam, was the true revolutionary philosophy". Members who did not convert to Marxism were expelled or reported to SAVAK. This led to two rival Mojahedin, each with its own publication, its own organization, and its own activities. The Marxist faction was initially known as the Mojahedin M.L. (Marxist–Leninist). A few months before the Iranian Revolution, the majority of the Marxist Mojahedin renamed themselves

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court process, it was revealed that the two alleged agents of Iran had mostly gathered information concerning activities involving the MEK. The two men pleaded guilty in November 2019 to several charges including conspiracy and "acting as an undeclared agent of the Iranian government". The Justice Department said that one of the men arrived in the US to gather "intelligence information" about the MEK (as well as Israeli and Jewish entities). The other admitted to taking photographs at a 2017 MEK rally in order to profile attendees.

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1300 prisoners of war were released in August 1988, with some joining the NLA ranks. During the last release, Massoud Rajavi promoted it this as an act of compassion by the NCRI, which was in contrast to the Islamic Republic's "cruel manner of treating" prisoners of war. According to Wilfried Buchta, the MEK has used propaganda in the West since the 1980s. In the 1980s and the 1990s, their propaganda was mainly targeted against the officials in the establishment. According to

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his disciples". Abrahamian said that the MEK's early ideology constituted a "combination of Muslim themes; Shii notions of martyrdom; classical Marxist theories of class struggle and historical determinism; and neo-Marxist concepts of armed struggle, guerilla warfare and revolutionary heroism". According to James Piazza, the MEK worked towards the creation by armed popular struggle of a society in which ethnic, gender, or class discrimination would be obliterated.

3587: 19965: 19702: 19169: 17794: 16585: 2785:'s 2008 censure of France for failing to disclose new alleged evidence of the MEK's terrorism threat. The EU courts declared that the listing was unlawful because of "serious procedural failures" and lack of evidence connecting the MEK with terrorist activities. Delisting allowed MEK to pursue tens of millions of dollars in frozen assets and lobby in Europe for more funds. It also removed the terrorist label from MEK members at Camp Ashraf in Iraq. 4500:, p. 198. "The Mojahedin also refused to participate in the referendum held in December to ratify the Constitution drafted by the Assembly of Experts Once the Constitution had been ratified, the Mojahedin tried to field Rajavi as their presidential candidate Khomeini promptly responded by barring Rajavi from the election by declaring that those who had failed to endorse the Constitution could not be trusted to abide by that Constitution." 2014: 1695:, an Iranian diplomat in Vienna. German prosecutors charged Asadi with "activity as foreign agent and conspiracy to commit murder by contacting the couple and giving them a device containing 500 grams of TATP". Prosecutors said Asadi was a member of the Iranian Ministry of Intelligence and Security service, an organization that focuses on "combating of opposition groups inside and outside of Iran". Iran responded that the arrests were a " 1103:, they attacked to the Iranian forces in the area around Mehran, killing or wounding 3,500 and nearly destroying a Revolutionary Guard division. The forces captured the city and took positions in the heights near Mehran, coming close to wiping the whole Iranian Pasdaran division and taking most of its equipment. While some sources claim that Iraq participated in the operation, the MEK and Baghdad said Iraqi soldiers did not take part. 1061: 16184: 2590: 4546:, p. 206-207,219. "by the fateful day of 20 June, the Mojahedin - together with Bani-Sadr - were exhorting the masses to repeat their 'heroic revolution of 1978-9'...The success of 1978-9 had not been duplicated. Having failed to bring down the regime, Bani-Sadr and Rajavi fled to Paris where they tried to minimize their defeat by claiming that the true intention of 20 June had not been so much to overthrow the whole regime." 2113:

arguing that it revolves around the husband-and-wife duo, Maryam and Massoud Rajavi. Members reportedly had to participate in regular "ideological cleansings". According to RAND, members were lured in through "false promises of employment, land, aid in applying for asylum in Western countries" and then prevented from leaving. Masoud Banisadr, a vocal former member, suggested that the MEK had become a cult in order to survive.

19215: 17840: 3573: 2533: 2511: 947: 2608: 16172: 1897: 1085:. In 1987 Masoud Rajavi declared the establishment of the "National Liberation Army of Iran" (NLA). Its objective was to serve as an infantry force that included different militant groups members of the NCRI. Through a broadcast on Baghdad radio, the MEK extended an invitation to all progressive-nationalist Iranian individuals to join the NLA in overthrowing the government of the Islamic Republic. 1110:, a military force of 7,000 members of the MEK, armed and equipped by Saddam's Iraq and calling itself the National Liberation Army of Iran (NLA) was founded. On 26 July 1988, six days after Ayatollah Khomeini had announced his acceptance of the UN-brokered ceasefire resolution, the NLA advanced under heavy Iraqi air cover, crossing the Iranian border from Iraq. It seized the Iranian town of 1356:. and signed a formal ceasefire agreement. Since 2009, when the Iraqi government became openly hostile to MEK, the U.S. led efforts to get the group's members out of Iraq. At the same time the MEK paid Western political influencers to lobby for its removal from the list of designated terrorist organizations. After it was no longer designated as a terrorist group, the US was able to convince 992:. Iranian authorities announced that Massoud Keshmiri, an MEK member was probably responsible. The reaction to the Hafte Tir bombing and the bombing of the Prime Minister's office was intense, with many arrests and executions of Mojahedin. The MEK responded by targeting key Iranian official figures for assassination, as well as attacking low-ranking civil servants and members of the 780:- William Cottrell, Donald Smith, and Robert Krongard - was attacked, resulting in their deaths. While some sources suggest the MEK was responsible, the Marxist opposing branch, which at the time had retained the organization's name, claimed responsibility for the killings in their "Military Communique No.24", concluding that the murders were in retaliation for recent death sentences. 626:'s works. MEK founders included Mohammad Hanifnejad, Saeed Mohsen, and Ali Asghar Badizadegan, and it attracted primarily young, well-educated Iranians. While MEK publications were banned in Iran, in its first five years, the group primarily engaged in ideological work. Despite their Marxist influence, the group never used the terms "socialist" or "communist" to describe themselves. 4996:: "At the beginning of January of 1983, Rajavi held a highly publicized meeting with then Deputy Prime Minister of Iraq Tarqi Aziz, which culminated in the signing of a peace communique on January 9 of that year. Rajavi, acting as the chairman of the NCR, co-outlined a peace plan with Aziz based on an agreement of mutual recognition of borders as defined by the 1975 Algiers Treaty." 1317: 2812:

in closing their Iraqi paramilitary base. It was reported that MEK was removed from the U.S. list of terrorist organizations after intensive lobbying by a bipartisan group of lawmakers. An official denied that lobbying by well-known figures influenced the decision. Some former U.S. officials vehemently reject the new status and believe the MEK has not changed its ways.

1114:. As it advanced further into Iran, Iraq ceased its air support and Iranian forces cut off NLA supply lines and counterattacked under cover of fighter planes and helicopter gunships. The MEK claims it lost 1,400 dead or missing and the Islamic Republic sustained 55,000 casualties. It claims to have killed 4,500 NLA during the operation. The operation was called 1152:

rights groups say that the number of those executed remains uncertain, but "thousands of political dissidents were systematically subjected to enforced disappearance in Iranian detention facilities across the country", with those executed charged with "moharebeh" or "waging war on God", and of "disclosing state secrets" and threatening national security".

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police statement said that two Iranian security officials led the network from Tehran, and that it was allegedly linked to organised crime groups in Turkey. It also said that the network used a former MEK member to collect information in Albania. Valiu also said that a planned attack on the MEK by Iranian government agents was foiled in March.

1433:, stated the issue was "completely within purview". In the course of attack, 36 Iranian dissidents were arrested and removed from the camp to a prison in a town named Khalis, where the arrestees went on hunger strike for 72 days. Finally, the dissidents were released when they were in an extremely critical condition and on the verge of death. 1883:. The Mojahedin summed up their attitude towards religion in these words: 'After years of extensive study into Islamic history and Shi'i ideology, our organization has reached the firm conclusion that Islam, especially Shi'ism, will play a major role in inspiring the masses to join the revolution. It will do so because Shi'ism, particularly 1730:

the MEK "warned authorities of possible retaliation by unidentified groups if he is found guilty". Asadi would become the first Iranian diplomat to go on trial on charges of terrorism within the European Union. In February 2021, Asadi and his accomplices were found guilty of attempted terrorism and Asadi was sentenced to 20 years in prison.

1007:, and another 8000 were imprisoned for charges such as possessing copies of Mujahid newspaper. During the same period the MEK was responsible for about 65 percent of nearly 1,000 Khomeini officials killed. From 26 August 1981 to December 1982, the MEK orchestrated 336 attacks against Khomeini officials. In July 1982, 13 IRGC members and 938:, in addition to other sources, the bombing was carried out by the MEK. Ervand Abrahamian argues that whatever the truth may be, the Islamic Republic used this incident to fight the MEK. The MEK declared that the bombing was a "natural and necessary reaction to the regime's atrocities", and it never claimed responsibility for the attack. 1787:, exploitation, racism, and multinational corporations". The MEK's ideological foundation was developed during the period of the Iran revolution. According to its official history, the MEK first defined itself as a group that wanted to establish a nationalist, democratic, revolutionary Muslim organization in favour of change in Iran. 1836:(monotheistic order) sought by the prophet Muhammad, was a commonwealth fully united not only in its worship of one God but in a classless society that strives for the common good. "Shiism, particularly Hussein's historic act of martyrdom and resistance, has both a revolutionary message and a special place in our popular culture." 4797:, p. 57. "The most ambitious attack attributed to the MeK was the bombing of the IRP's Tehran headquarters on June 28, 1981. This attack killed more than 71 members of the Iranian leadership, including cleric Ayatollah Beheshti, who was both secretary-general of the IRP and chief justice of the IRI's judicial system." 1429:. MEK claimed 11 dead and 400 injured in clashes while the Iraqi government claimed 30 policemen injured. U.S. officials had long opposed a violent takeover of the camp northeast of Baghdad, and the raid is thought to symbolize the declining American influence in Iraq. After the raid, the U.S. Secretary of State, 618:, whom they considered corrupt, oppressive, and a puppet of the United States. They considered the mainstream Liberation Movement too moderate and ineffective. They aimed to establish a socialist state in Iran based on a modern and revolutionary interpretation of Islam, that originated from Islamic texts like 2196:, the MEK used a NGO to "support asylum seekers and refugees". Another alleged organization collected funds for "children whose parents had been killed in Iran" in sealed and stamped boxes placed in city centers. According to the Nejat Society, in 1988, the Nuremberg MEK front organization was uncovered by 4923:

On August 30, 1981, a bomb exploded in the Tehran office of Iranian prime minister Mohammad-Javad Bahonar. The blast killed Bahonar, as well as President Mohammad-Ali Rajai...Survivors described the explosion occurring when one victim opened a briefcase, brought into the office by Massoud Kashmiri, a

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While Khomeini and the MEK had allied against the Shah, Khomeini "disliked the MEK's philosophy, which combined Marxist theories of social evolution and class struggle with a view of Shiite Islam that suggested Shiite clerics had misinterpreted Islam and had been collaborators with the ruling class",

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The Shah's regime waged a propaganda campaign against the MEK, accusing them "of carrying out subversive acts at the behest of their foreign patrons" and claiming that "the shoot-outs and bombings caused heavy casualties among bystanders and innocent civilians, especially women and children". It also

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for being "anti-imperialist". Rajavi in his presidential campaign after revolution used to warn against what he called the "imperialist danger." The matter was so fundamental to MEK that it criticized the Iranian government on that basis, accusing the Islamic Republic of "capitulation to imperialism"

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While dealing with anti-regime clergy in 1974, the MEK became close with secular Left groups in and outside Iran. These included the confederation of Iranian Students, The People's Democratic Republic of Yemen, and the People's Front for the Liberation of Oman, among others. The MEK sent five trained

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denounced the decision, stating it "opens the door to Congressional funding of the M.E.K. to conduct terrorist attacks in Iran" and "makes war with Iran far more likely." Iran state television also condemned the delisting of the group, saying that the U.S. considers MEK to be "good terrorists because

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The MEK's first act of counter-propaganda was to release about 2014 Iranian prisoners of war within a period of 9 months. It started on 11 March 1986 when the NLA released 370 prisoners of war. They then released 170 prisoners of war in November 1987 that had been captured by the NLA. A third wave of

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In 1985, Rajavi launched an "ideological revolution" banning marriage and enforced divorce on all members who were required to separate from their spouses. Five weeks later, the MEK announced that its Politburo and Central Committee had asked Rajavi and Azondalu, who was already married, to marry one

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agent. Amir Saadouni and Nasimeh Naami, who in 2018 were found with half a kilo of explosives and are also being charged in the case, admitted that they had been in contact with Asadollah Asadi. In October 2020, the Iranian diplomat Asadollah Asadi charged in Belgium with planning to bomb a rally by

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In April 1992, the MEK attacked 10 Iranian embassies including the Iranian Mission to the United Nations in New York using different weapons, taking hostages, and injuring Iranian ambassadors and embassy employees. There were dozens of arrests. According to MEK representatives, the attacks were a way

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accused the MEK. In the years that followed, others were also held accountable, including a man named Mehdi Tafari executed by a Tehran tribunal for his alleged involvement. Kenneth Katzman notes there is much speculation among academics and observers that the bombings could have been orchestrated by

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On the final day of the elections, Rajavi met with president Bani-Sadr, complaining that the IRP and its Hezbollah supporters were systematically intimidating voters, disrupting rallies, assaulting campaign workers, and setting ballot boxes on fire. The MEK then arrived at two key conclusions: first,

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The amusing thing is that the MEK will try to buy pretty much anyone, you know. I was approached to do events in support of the MEK. I know a number of other former government officials who found them truly detestable also were approached. You know, it's really something to have someone on the phone

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D14, believed to be the largest directorate, was charged with the joint operations with the Iranian opposition forces of the Mujahidi Khalq (MKO), whose cross-border guerrilla operations varied directly with the overall state of relations with Tehran. The MEK also had its own dedicated department in

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in 2004 obtained 'protected person' status under the Fourth Geneva Convention for all PMOI members at Camp Ashraf based on the U.S. investigators' conclusions that none was a combatant or had committed a crime under any U.S. laws; disbanded its military units and disarmed the Pmoi members at Ashraf,

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Camp Ashraf: Iraqi Obligations and State Department Accountability: Joint Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations and the Subcommittee on the Middle East and South Asia of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, First Session,

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The Deputy Prime Minister of Iraq and the exiled leader of an Iranian leftist group met for four hours today and said afterward that the war between their countries should brought to an end. The conversations between Deputy Prime Minister Tareq Aziz of Iraq and Massoud Rajavi, leader of the People's

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The most drastic show of terror instigated by the MKO was the blast of a bomb placed in the IRP headquarter on 28 June 1980 that killed more than seventy prominent members of the IRP, including Ayatollah Beheshti, founder of the IRP and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court; four cabinet ministers; and

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Former American military officers who had aided in guarding the MEK camp in Iraq gave differing accounts. Those suggested by MEK said its members had been free to leave the camp and that they had not found any prison or torture facilities. Captain Woodside who was not one of those who MEK suggested,

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According to Kenneth Katzman, the MEK is able to mobilize its exile supporters in demonstration and fundraising campaigns. The organization attempts to publicize regime abuses and curb foreign governments' relations with Tehran. To do so, it frequently conducts anti-regime marches and demonstrations

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In 2001, Kenneth Katzman wrote that the MEK had "tried to show itself as worthy of U.S. support on the basis of its commitment to values compatible with those of the United States – democracy, free market economics, protection of the rights of women and minorities, and peaceful relations with Iran's

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Nasser Sadegh told military tribunals that although the MEK respected Marxism as a "progressive method of social analysis, they could not accept materialism, which was contrary to their Islamic ideology". The MEK eventually had a falling out with Marxist groups. According to Sepehr Zabir, "they soon

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According to Abrahamian, it was the first Iranian organization to develop systematically a modern revolutionary interpretation of Islam that "differed sharply from both the old conservative Islam of the traditional clergy and the new populist version formulated in the 1970s by Ayatollah Khomeini and

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In October 2019, Albanian police discovered an Iranian paramilitary network that allegedly planned attacks against MEK members in Albania. Albania's police chief, Ardi Veliu, said that the Iran Revolutionary Guard's foreign wing operated an "active terrorist cell" that targeted members of the MEK. A

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But when the US military formally transferred control of Camp Ashraf back to the Iraqi government on Jan. 1, the MEK's fate suddenly became an issue. The group is a source of contention for Iran and the US, Iraq's two biggest allies, who are increasingly vying for influence as Baghdad's post–Saddam

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During this period the threat from militant organizations in Iran was high. An attack on a military outpost in the village of Siahkal, by a radical Marxist-Leninist urban guerrilla group named Fadaiyan-e Khalq (Martyrs for the Masses), on 8 February 1971, ushered in a new phase of opposition to the

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Despite the mortal blow inflicted on the organization, the Iranian regime continued to regard the Mujahidin as a real threat, and therefore continued to persecute its followers and damage their public image. The organizations' ties with Iraq (mainly Rajavi's meeting with Tariq Aziz in January 1983)

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notes that other Iranian opposition groups did not cooperate with the organization because they view it as "undemocratic" and "tightly controlled" by its leaders. In 1994 rival exiled groups question the organizations's claim that it would hold free elections after taking power in Iran, pointing to

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On 28 September 2012, the U.S. State Department formally removed MEK from its official list of terrorist organizations, beating a 1 October deadline in an MEK lawsuit. Secretary of State Clinton said in a statement that the decision was made because the MEK had renounced violence and had cooperated

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Some sources argue that the Iranian government exploits such allegations to demonize the MEK. The Iranian government is reportedly running a disinformation campaign to discredit the MEK, with the head of the Mackenzie Institute commenting that "Iran is trying to get other countries to label it as a

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During the transitional period, the MEK projected an image of a "forward looking, radical and progressive Islamic force". Throughout the revolution, the MEK played a major role in developing the "revolutionary Muslim woman", which was portrayed as "the living example of the new ideal of womanhood".

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The MEK says it is seeking regime change in Iran through peaceful means with an aim to replace the clerical rule in Iran with a secular government. It also claims to have disassociated itself from its former revolutionary ideology in favor of liberal democratic values, but they fail to "present any

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In 1999, after a 2 1⁄2-year investigation, Federal authorities arrested 29 individuals in Operation Eastern Approach, of whom 15 were held on charges of helping MEK members illegally enter the United States. The ringleader was pleaded guilty to providing phony documents to MEK members and violation

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to ratify the Constitution drafted by the Assembly of Experts, arguing that the new constitution had failed in many aspects "most important of all, accept the concept of the 'classless tawhidi society'". Despite the opposition, the 3 December 1979 referendum vote approved the new constitution. Once

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and installing its own government. At one point the MEK was Iran's "largest and most active armed dissident group", and it is still sometimes presented by Western political backers as a major Iranian opposition group, but it is also deeply unpopular today within Iran, largely due to its siding with

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Mr. Rendell, a former chairman of the Democratic National Committee, said he had given seven or eight speeches since July calling for the M.E.K. to be taken off the terrorist list and estimated that he had been paid a total of $ 150,000 or $ 160,000. Mr. Rendell said he had been told that his fees

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In 2018, U.S. District Court charged two alleged Iran agents of "conducting covert surveillance of Israeli and Jewish facilities in the United States and collecting intelligence on Americans linked to a political organization that wants to see the current Iranian government overthrown". During the

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In the 1960's the MEK created a series of pamphlets designed to outline their worldviews. Their work "The Portrait of a Muslim" is thought to be the "first book in Persian" to systematically interpret "early Shiism as a protest movement against class exploitation and state oppression." The group's

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According to Professor Cheryl Bernard, the mass execution of political prisoners carried out by the Islamic Republic in 1981 caused the MEK to split into four groups: those that were arrested, imprisoned or executed, a group that went underground in Iran, another that left to Kurdistan and a final

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businessman. In February 1974, they attacked a police station in Isfahan and in April, they bombed a reception hall, Oman Bank, gates of the British embassy, and offices of Pan-American Oil company in protest of the Sultan of Oman's state visit. A communiqué by the organization declared that their

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Referred to in the Iranian press as the "Iranian People's Strugglers", and later known as Peykar, this group led by Tagui Shahram, Vahid Arakhteh and Bahram Aram was one o several underground groups waging a covert war against the Shah's secret police, SAVAK. Afrakhteh, who later confessed to the

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in Mashhad which killed 25 and wounded at least 70 people, the Iranian regime immediately blamed the MEK. A month after the attack, a Sunni group calling itself "al-haraka al-islamiya al-iraniya" claimed responsibility for the attack. Despite this, the Iranian government continued to hold the MEK

2819:, having paid high-profile officials upwards of $ 50,000 give speeches calling for delisting. Among them, Rendell who admitted himself being paid to speak in support of the MEK and Hamilton who said he was paid to "appear on a panel Feb. 19 at the Mayflower Hotel in Washington." In February 2015, 1421:

announced that the militant group would not be allowed to base its operations from Iraqi soil. On 23 January 2009, while on a visit to Tehran, Iraqi National Security Advisor Mowaffak al-Rubaie reiterated the Iraqi Prime Minister's earlier announcement that the MEK organization would no longer be

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1971-1972 arrests and executions by the Shah's security services, also infighting within the organization "practically shattered the organization". By 1973, MEK members that declared themselves Marxist–Leninist launched an "internal ideological struggle", and by 1975 two opposing MEK factions had

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report for the US government, during Masoud Rajavi's "ideological revolution", members were required to give "near-religious devotion" to its leaders. Also according to RAND, the MEK had "many of the typical characteristics of a cult, such as authoritarian control, confiscation of assets, sexual

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became increasingly important over feminism-colored politics. The emancipation of women is now depicted in Maryam Rajavi's writings "as both a policy end and a strategy toward revolutionizing Iran. Secularism, democracy, and women's rights are thus today's leading themes in the group's strategic

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Massoud Rajavi made an announcement to the foreign press about the MEK's ideology saying that "First we want freedom for all political parties. We reject both political prisoners and political executions. In the true spirit of Islam, we advocate freedom, fraternity, and an end to all repression,

1349:, who created a "temporary internment and protection facility" for them. In the first year these numbered "several hundred", mainly Iranian soldiers captured in the Iran-Iraq war and other Iranians lured to the MEK. In all, during the period of US control, nearly 600 members of the MEK defected. 1336:

residents. In the operation, the U.S. reportedly captured 6,000 MEK soldiers and over 2,000 pieces of military equipment, including 19 British-made Chieftain tanks. Following the occupation the U.S. did not hand over MEK fighters to Iran. The group's core members were for many years effectively

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notes, "thus began an act of violence unprecedented in Iranian history". Prisoners were asked if they were willing to denounce the MEK before cameras, help the IRI hunt down MEK members and name secret sympathizers. Those who gave unsatisfactory answers were promptly taken away and hanged. Human

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to "track down and identify those who are in contact with opposition groups abroad", including the MEK. German and US intelligence have noted that Iranian intelligence was directly financing a misinformation campaign and trying to recruit active or former members of opposition groups, sometimes

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Letter in Persian requesting that the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union lend any amount of money (up to US$ 300,000,000) to the Mojahedin Organization and requesting that the supporters of the Mojahedin Organization be allowed to cross the Soviet-Iranian border and be

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In 1990 MEK leadership ordered all couples to divorce, forbid them from re-marrying, and children were sent away. Children were removed from the MEK camp because MEK "resistance fighters" are required to dedicate themselves to their cause. Critics often describe the MEK as the "cult of Rajavi",

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The most common denominations in English sources are People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran (PMOI), Mojahedin-e-Khalq (MEK) and Mojahedin-e-Khalq Organization (MKO). Some sources have used literal translations such as People's Struggler's or People's Holy Warriors. The group had no name until

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In the late 1970s, the intelligentsia as a class in Iran was distinctly nationalistic and anti-imperialistic. The MEK had impeccable nationalistic credentials, calling for the nationalization of foreign companies and economic independence from the capitalist world, and praising writers such as

4642:, pp. 79–80. "In 1981, the MEK detonated bombs in the head office of the Islamic Republic Party and the Premier's office, killing some 70 high-ranking Iranian officials, including Chief Justice Ayatollah Mohammad Beheshti, President Mohammad-Ali Rajaei, and Premier Mohammad-Javad Bahonar" 1720:

said evidence that Iranian intelligence and security was involved in the failed 2018 bomb plot against an MEK rally was mounting. In a note to the federal prosecutor's office, the State Security writes that "the attack was devised in the name and under the impetus of Iran", with the note also

4868:, p. 220-221,258. "By the autumn of 1981, the Mojahedin were carrying out daily attacks...The number of assassinations and armed attacks initiated by the Mojahedin fell from the peak of three per day in July 1981 to five per week in February 1982, and to five per month by December 1982." 2389:

A 1986 U.S. State Department letter to KSCI-TV described "MEK propaganda" as being in line with the following: "he Iranian government is bad, the PMOI is against the Iranian government, the Iranian government represses the PMOI, therefore, the PMOI and its leader Rajavi are good and worth of

2149:

Through its history, the MEK has maintained several front organizations including the Association of Iranian Scholars and Professionals, the Association of Iranian Women, Iran Aid, the California Society for Democracy, the Iranian-American Community of Northern Virginia and the Union Against

1690:

arrested married couple of Iranian heritage Amir Saadouni and Nasimeh Naami on charges of "attempted terrorist murder and preparing a terrorist act" against an MEK rally in France. The couple had in their possession half of a kilogram of TATP explosives and a detonator. Police also detained

794:

By early 1979, the MEK had organized themselves and recreated armed cells, especially in Tehran and helped overthrow the Pahlavi regime. In January 1979, Massoud Rajavi was released from prison and rebuilt the MEK together with other members that had been imprisoned. The group supported the

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When the democratic and progressive members of the opposition made the smallest criticisms of Rajavi, the whole PMOI propaganda machinery would commence vicious personal attacks against them and spread false rumors that they were collaborating with the fundamentalist regime's Ministry of

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but rejected being labeled as Marxists or socialists as they believed in the spiritual dimension of human beings, a concept incompatible with Marxist philosophy. During this period, the MEK's ideology embraced class struggle and historical determinism but rejected the denial of God.

2141:

The PMOI also historically maintained a dedicated armed wing known as the National Liberation Army of Iran (NLA) that was established in 1987 to serve as an infantry force and coordinate the different militant groups members of the NCRI. It was formally disbanded in 2003 during the

5030:

Mojahedin, an organization that includes a guerrilla wing active in Iran, were described by Mr. Rajavi as the first of their kind. He said the exchange of views had been "an important political turning point on the regional level and for the world in relation to the Iran-Iraq War"

765:, was shot dead in Tehran by MEK assailants in 1973. Leading up to the Islamic Revolution, members of the MEK conducted attacks and assassinations against both Iranian and Western targets. In May 1972, an attack on Brig. Gen. Harold Price was attributed to the MEK. According to 4809:, p. 58. "Khomeini's Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps brutally suppressed the MeK, arresting and executing thousands of members and supporters. The armed revolt was poorly planned and short-lived. On July 29, 1981, Rajavi, the MeK leadership, and Banisadr escaped to Paris" 842:, shifting the power to senior clerics and away from the president and elected representatives. In the years that followed, the clerics strengthened their grip on the republic, eventually gaining control over all branches of government and fully establishing a theocratic state. 4821:, p. 219. "The success of 1978-9 had not been duplicated. Having failed to bring down the regime, Bani-Sadr and Rajavi fled to Paris where they tried to minimize their defeat by claiming that the true intention of 20 June had not been so much to overthrow the whole regime" 795:

revolution in its initial phases, and became "a major force in Iranian politics" according to Ervand Abrahamian. Although it soon entered into conflict with Khomeini, and became a leading opposition to the new theocratic regime. Its candidate for the head of the newly founded

15203:"Iran's Ministry of Intelligence and Security: A Profile", A Report Prepared by the Federal Research Division, Library of Congress under an Interagency Agreement with the Combating Terrorism Technical Support Office's Irregular Warfare Support Program, December 2012, p. 26 1218:. The MEK bought some 7,000 out of 42,000 tickets for the match between, in order to promote themselves with the political banners they smuggled. When the initial plan foiled with TV cameras of FIFA avoiding filming them, intelligence sources had been tipped off about a 6591:

Ten terrorists were sentenced to death... The condemned terrorists were Vahid Afrakhteh... The terroirsts were charged with the murders of Brigadier-general Reza Zandipur, United States Colonels Hawkins, Paul Shaffer and ack Turner, the U.S. Embassy's translator Hassan

644:. Each of the three central committee members led a separate branch of the organization. Two of the original central committee members were replaced in 1972 and 1973, and the replacing members were in charge of leading the organization until the internal purge of 1975. 4853:

These attacks led to a brutal crackdown on all dissidents. Throughout 1981 a mini - civil war existed between the Khomeini regime and the MEK . By the end of 1982, most MEK operatives in Iran had been eradicated . By the time, most MEK leaders left Iran for refugee in

3207:

said that US officers did not have regular access to camp buildings, or to group members and that it was difficult for members to leave. Jo Hyeran, in her work examining humanitarian violations of rebel groups to international law, states that the MEK has not accepted

3069:

After exile, the MEK sought the support of prominent politicians, academics and human rights lawyers. Rajavi tried to reach as broad a Western public as possible by giving frequent interviews to Western newspapers. In these interviews, Rajavi toned down the issues of

2321:

network within Iran, which is "clearly a MEK core strength". It has started a debate among intelligence experts that "whether western powers should leverage this capability to better inform their own intelligence picture of the Iranian regime's goals and intentions".

3400:, the MEK gained significant support from the Iranian public, becoming the most popular dissident group. It also received support from national figures including intellectuals, military officers, and athletes. However, after becoming more violent and siding with 2406:

on 9 June 2019, two former MEK members claimed that "Heshmat Alavi" is not a real person, and that the articles published under that name were actually written by a team of people at the political wing of MEK. Alavi contributed to several media outlets including

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Hamilton, a former chairman of the House Foreign Relations Committee who headed the prestigious Woodrow Wilson Center for 12 years until last fall, told IPS that he had also been paid "a substantial amount" to appear on a panel Feb. 19 at the Mayflower Hotel in

1548:

In 2010 the NCRI claimed to have uncovered a secret nuclear facility in Iran. These claims were dismissed by U.S. officials, who did not believe the facilities to be nuclear. In 2013, the NCRI again claimed to have discovered a secret underground nuclear site.

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Letter of Charles Frahm, Section Chief, International Terrorism Operations Section II, at 1 (Aug. 28, 2002). Contrary to NCRI's portrayal of itself as an umbrella organization, of which the MEK was just one member, the FBI concluded that it is NCRI that is

4668:

the MEK leaders found that they had no role in the new regime…In response, supporters launched a terror campaign against Khomeini's regime. On June 28, 1981, two bombs killed 74 members of the Khomeini Islamic Republic Party (IRP) at a party conference in

568:, and later a network of fake charities based in European countries. Critics have described the group as "resembling a cult", while its backers describe the group as proponents of "a free and democratic Iran" that could become the next government there. 3861: 3281:

published a report where researchers alleged that opponents of the Iranian regime had been targets of a cyber attack by Iranian hackers through a variety of infiltration techniques. MEK was reportedly among the most prominent targets of the attacks.

13769:

Case T-256/07, People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran v. Council, judgment of the Court of First Instance of 23 October 2008, Case T-284/08, People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran v. Council, judgment of the Court of First Instance of 4 December

3519:, Iran's deposed crown prince. Commenting on the MEK, Pahlavi said in an interview: "I cannot imagine Iranians ever forgiving their behavior at that time . If the choice is between this regime and the MEK, they will most likely say the mullahs". 10828: 3244:

obtained "public confessions" that accused former colleagues of crimes including sexual promiscuity. The regime claimed that the MEK were "unbelievers masquerading as Muslims", and used the Quranic term "monafeqin" (hypocrites) to describe them.

5862: 13407: 1308:, a Democrat from Texas, criticized Maryam Radjavi's arrest. A court later found that there were no grounds for terrorism or terrorism-related finance charges. In 2014, prosecuting judges also dropped all charges of money laundering and fraud. 1076:

struck a deal with Tehran for the release of French hostages held prisoners by the Hezbollah in Lebanon, the MEK was forced to leave France and relocated to Iraq. By 1987, most MEK leaders were based in Iraq, where the group remained until the

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able to base itself on Iraqi soil and stated that the members of the organization would have to make a choice, either to go back to Iran or to go to a third country, adding that these measures would be implemented over the next two months.

1093:. The operation was named "Shining Sun" (or "Operation Bright Sun") in which according to Massoud Rajavi, 2000 soldiers of the Islamic Republic were killed and $ 100 million worth of equipment was captured and exhibited for journalists. 13342: 1088:

On 27 March 1988, the NLA launched its first military offensive against the Islamic Republic's armed forces. The NLA captured 600 square-kilometres of Islamic Republic territory and 508 soldiers from the Iranian 77th infantry division in

16702: 2211:

authorities arrested 29 individuals in Operation Eastern Approach, of whom 15 were held on charges of helping MEK members illegally enter the US. The ringleader pleaded guilty to providing phony documents to MEK members and violation of

1538:, who said before MEK they were offered to reveal the information, but they refused because it would be seen negatively by the people of Iran. Similar accounts could be found elsewhere by others, including comments made by US officials. 1182:

on 24 April 1990 and Mohammad-Hossein Naghdi, a NCRI representative on 6 March 1993. In 1991 "In a sign of the group's appreciation for Saddam's generous hospitality and largesse", MEK assisted the Iraqi Republican Guard in suppressing

12293:

t is the unanimous view of the FBI personnel who are involved in and familiar with the FBI's investigation of the that the NCRI is not a separate organization, but is instead, and has been, an integral part of the MEK at all relevant

3313:. In August 1992, a MEK member was kidnapped and brought to Iran. In September 1992, MEK offices in Baghdad were broken into. In January 1993, a MEK bus was bombed without casualties. Towards the end of 1993, anonymous gunmen attacked 2396:

reported on an alleged Twitter-based MEK campaign. According to Exeter University lecturer Marc Owen Jones, accounts tweeting #FreeIran and #Iran_Regime_Change "were created within about a four-month window", suggesting bot activity.

2330:

in 2005 that the MEK teams could work in conjunction with collection of intelligence and identifying agents. U.S. security officials maintain that the organization has a record of exaggerating or fabricating information, according to

1921:. Some secular groups had reservations that a "Islamic Democratic People's Republic" was unattainable, while Massoud Rajavi maintained that Shiite religion and pluralistic democracy are compatible. Along with former Iranian president 8225: 1980:

as his co-equal leader. The announcement, stated that this would give women equal say within the organization and thereby "would launch a great ideological revolution within Mojahedin, the Iranian public and the whole Muslim World".

834:

the constitution had been ratified, the MEK proposed Rajavi as their presidential candidate. In his campaign, Rajavi promised to rectify the constitution's shortcomings. The conflict surrounding the Constitution intensified when the

12785: 10675: 6904:, pp. 66–67: Following the seizure of the US embassy in Tehran, the MEK participated physically at the site by assisting in defending it from attack. The MEK also offered strong political support for the hostage-taking action. 1643:

On 30 June 2018, Rudy Giuliani, Donald Trump's personal lawyer, lectured an MEK gathering in Paris, calling for regime change in Tehran. John McCain and John Bolton have met the MEK's leader Maryam Rajavi or spoken at its rallies.

4306:

With regard to weakening the Iranian regime domestically, MEK failed to establish itself as a political alternative, its goals and violent activities were strongly opposed by the Iranian population–even more so its alignment with

3415:

believes the MEK is a "fringe group with mysterious benefactors" with a negligible amount of supporters in Iran. Kenneth Katzman wrote in 2001 that the MEK is "Iran's most active opposition group". A 2009 report published by the

2378:, since the mid-1980s the MEK has confronted Iranian representatives overseas through "propaganda and street demonstrations". Other analysts have also alleged that there is a propaganda campaign by the MEK in the West, including 4361:

The MEK's supporters present the group as a viable alternative to Iran's theocracy, though analysts say it is unpopular among Iranians for its past alignment with Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein and attacks on Iranian soldiers and

2305:

of the IIS worked with the MEK in joint operations while Directorate 18 was exclusively responsible for the MEK and issued the orders and tasks for their operations. The MEK offered IIS with intelligence it gathered from Iran,

3251:

later used many of the same tactics, labelling the MEK "Marxist hypocrites and Western-contaminated 'electics', and as 'counter-revolutionary terrorists' collaborating with the Iraqi Ba'thists and the imperialists". After the

1929:

neighbors", but some analysts dispute that they are genuinely committed to what they state. According to Department of State's October 1994 report, the MEK used violence in its campaign to overthrow the Iranian regime. A 2009

14397:

The American military campaign in Afghanistan has terminated the Taliban support to the Mujahedeen-e-Khalq (MEK). This group enjoyed support from the Islamic Republic's enemies including Saddam Hussein of Iraq and Taliban in

6934:

According to past State Department reports, supported the November 1979 takeover of the U.S. embassy in Tehran, although the group claims that it is the regime that alleged this support in order to discredit the group in the

15098: 10927: 10162: 2287:, and transferred funds for the demonstration, some $ 9,000 to the account of a Texas MEK member. Congress and the bank in question were not aware that the demonstrators were actually providing material support to the MEK. 13437: 4135:, pp. 276, 859. "The strength of the movement inside Iran is uncertain MEK is the largest and most active Iranian dissident group; its membership includes several thousand well-armed and highly disciplined fighters." 1177:

The Iranian government is believed to be concerned about MEK activities in Iran, and MEK supporters are a major target of Iran's internal security apparatus abroad and it is said to be responsible for killing MEK members,

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attended an MEK podium, where the former New York City mayor described the group as a "government-in-exile", saying it is a ready-to-go alternative to lead the country if the Iranian government falls. Additionally, the

19181: 3085:

In January 1993, President-elect Clinton wrote a private letter to the Massoud Rajavi, in which he set out his support for the organization. The organization has also received support United States officials including

2276:(FBI) states that the organization is engaged "through a complex international money laundering operation that uses accounts in Turkey, Germany, France, Belgium, Norway, Sweden, Jordan, and the United Arab Emirates". 8891: 2134:. The organization has the appearance of a broad-based coalition, but analysts consider NCRI and MEK to be synonymous and recognize the NCRI as an only "nominally independent" political wing of the PMOI. In 2002 the 4173: 2158:

Before the Iran-Iraq war, the MEK was estimated to have about 2,000 members, peaking at 10,000 to 15,000 during the 1980s. In the 2000s, the organization had between 5,000 and 10,000 members, with 2,900 to 3,400 at

13216:

the three civilian victims were killed by members of the same self-styled "Islamic Marxist" anti-Government terrorist group that was officially blamed for the assassination of two American colonels in Teheran last

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The organizations' ties with Iraq (mainly Rajavi's meeting with Tariq Aziz in January 1983) were exploited to demonstrate the organizations betrayal due to its willingness to join forces with Iran's enemies on the

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from 2005 to 2009. According to Hersh, MEK members were trained in intercepting communications, cryptography, weaponry and small unit tactics at the Nevada site up until President Barack Obama took office in 2009.

1615:

became President Trump's National Security Adviser, Bolton addressed members of the MEK and said that they would celebrate in Tehran before 2019. By 2018, operatives of the MEK were believed to be still conducting

14892: 1591:. About 3,000 members moved to Albania, and the U.S. donated $ 20 million to the U.N. refugee agency to help them resettle. On 9 September 2016, more than 280 remaining MEK members were relocated to Albania. 3482:

During the 1970s the group received assistance from the Liberation Movememnt. In the 1980s, the MEK and the Kurdish Democratic Party, the National Democratic Front, the Hoviyat Group, and other groups joined the

2105:

control (including mandatory divorce and celibacy), emotional isolation, forced labour, sleep deprivation, physical abuse and limited exit options," while this is vehemently denied by its supporters and leaders.

3082:. Instead, he stressed the themes of democracy, political liberties, political pluralism, human rights, respect for 'personal property,' the plight of political prisoners, and the need to end the senseless war. 1560:" to assassinate Iranian nuclear scientists. A senior U.S. State Department official said the Department never claimed that the MEK was involved in the assassinations of Iranian nuclear scientists. Former CIA 12329: 4595:

On 20 June 1981, the MEK organised a mass protest of half a million people in Tehran, with the aim of triggering a second revolution… 50 demonstrators were killed, with 200 wounded. Banisadr was removed from

3264:

Even into the 2000s, the MEK has remained a major target of Iran's internal security apparatus. Since 2001, several reports by Dutch, German and US intelligence services have noted the ongoing efforts by the

4337:, p. 174. "there was a decrease in the Iranian people's support for the Mojahedin since it had joined since it had joined and cooperated with their worst enemy - Iraq - during the long years of the war" 736:

Between 1973 and 1975, the Marxist–Leninist MEK increased their armed operations in Iran. In 1973, they engaged in two street battles with Tehran police and bombed ten buildings including Plan Organization,

596: 8460: 20163: 20158: 16549: 9618: 8491: 20168: 14250:"Register of the Archives of the Soviet communist party and Soviet state microfilm collection: Russian State Archive of Contemporary History (Rossiiskii gosudarstvennyi arkhiv noveishei istorii - RGANI)" 9570: 8243: 5852: 3474:". The MEK in turn accused Khomeini and the clerics of "monopolizing power", "hijacking the revolution", "trampling over democratic rights", and "plotting to set up a fascistic one-party dictatorship". 587: 13399: 11726:...the MKO kept up its opposition and its violent attacks, but dwindled over time to take on the character of a paramilitary cult, largely subordinated to the interests of the Baathist regime in Iraq. 13467: 9106: 633:

in 1970. Some sources attribute the attempted kidnap to other groups. By August 1971, the MEK's Central Committee included Reza Rezai, Kazem Zolanvar, and Brahram Aram. During August–September 1971,

1144:. The Iranian government used the MEK's failed invasion as a pretext for the mass execution of those "who remained steadfast in their support for the MEK" and other jailed opposition group members. 12594: 10605: 5894: 2710:

denied the MEK its request to be delisted, and MEK leaders then began a lobbying campaign to be removed from the list by promoting the group as a viable opposition to the clerical regime in Iran.

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The MEK is able to conduct "telephone intelligence" operations effectively, i.e. gathering intelligence through making phone calls to officials and government organizations in Iran. According to

10202: 1821:

that "many concluded" they were inspired by him. According to Ervand Abrahamian, it is clear that "in later years" that Shariati and "his prolific works" had "indirectly helped the Mujahedin".

1296:, a Republican from Kansas and chairman of the Foreign Relations subcommittee on South Asia, then accused the French of doing "the Iranian government's dirty work". Along with other members of 4054: 18679: 18170: 8214: 2816: 1417:

In 2009 American troops gave the Iraqi government responsibility of the MEK. Iraqi authorities, which were sympathetic to Iran, allowed Iran-linked militias to attack the MEK. Prime Minister

876:

that they had enough popular backing to serve as an opposition to the IRP; and second, that the IRP would not allow them to operate as an opposition. The group began clashing with the ruling

17836: 10394: 1972:

Shortly after the revolution, Rajavi married Ashraf Rabii, an MEK member regarded as "the symbol of revolutionary womanhood". Rabii was killed by Iranian forces in 1982. On 27 January 1985,

13958: 13519: 13203: 13154: 12777: 10667: 9321: 12463: 12170:

to survive, MEK...had no choice but to complete its transformation into an extreme, violent and destructive cult, employing the most destructive methods of mind control and 'brainwashing'.

11891: 10896: 10806: 3235:

calls those describing MEK as a cult as lobbyists paid by Iranian regime. In July 2020 a German court ordered the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung to remove false information about the MEK.

2000:

communications. As for Maryam Rajavi's leadership, in 2017 it appears to be political and cultural; any remnants of a military force and interest in terrorist strategies have faded away."

19211: 18028: 16216: 15485:

The group itself also appears to be undemocratic and enjoys little popularity in Iran itself. It has no political base in the country, although it appears to have an operational presence.

13560: 4209: 1733:

In September 2022, Albania suffered a second cyber-attack, resulting in it cutting diplomatic ties with the Islamic Republic and ordering Iranian embassy staff to leave. According to the

15771:

World Terrorism: An Encyclopedia of Political Violence from Ancient Times to the Post-9/11 Era: An Encyclopedia of Political Violence from Ancient Times to the Post-9/11 Era, 2nd Edition

9428: 5284: 3277:

In January 2020 Iranian-American Ahmadreza Mohammadi-Doostdar was sentenced by a U.S. court to 38 months in prison for conducting surveillance on American MEK members. In September 2020

3135:, in 2011 he had received $ 15,000 to $ 20,000 to present a lecture about "MEK-related events", as well as what he listed as "a foreign agent lobbying pro bono for MEK's political arm". 18505: 14786: 12416:

Maximum strength (from 1981–1983 to 1987–1988): 15,000 fighters, with a few tanks and several dozen light artillery pieces, recoilless guns, machine guns, antitank missiles, and SAM-7s.

8772: 4517:, p. 101. "Khomeini refused to allow Masud Rajavi to run in January 1980 presidential elections because the PMOI had boycotted a referendum on the Islamic republican constitution." 864:. Khomeini declared that "those who had failed to endorse the Constitution could not be trusted to abide by that Constitution". And the MEK was also unable to win a single seat in the 19914: 10481: 726: 653: 2279:

On 19 November 2004, two front organizations called the Iranian–American Community of Northern Virginia and the Union Against Fundamentalism organized demonstrations in front of the

20153: 15106: 14216: 10919: 10170: 12631:

It fostered anti-Iranian activities through the Mujahidin-i Khalq and provided financial support for Hamas, Islamic Jihad, Palestine Liberation Front and the Arab Liberation Front.

11968: 16478: 15293: 13429: 8191: 3625: 1341:, in Iraq. Then-Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld and Vice President Dick Cheney argued that the MEK should be used against Iran. They were then placed under the guard of the 967: 16188: 10738: 1771:", today the organization claims that it has always emphasized Islam, and that Marxism and Islam are incompatible. Katzman writes that their ideology "espoused the creation of a 1147:

On 19 July 1988, the authorities isolated major prisons, having its courts of law go on an unscheduled holiday to prevent relatives from inquiring about those imprisoned, and as

14695: 8362: 7764: 3408:

the MEK's standing inside Iran diminished. Its supporters within Iran have remained persistent, resisting the regime's attempts to eradicate the organization from the country.

17998: 17597: 17590: 15360: 11552:

Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001. Author: Steve Coll. Publisher: Penguin Putnam Inc, 2004.

11546:

The Fate of Third Worldism in the Middle East: Iran, Palestine and Beyond (Radical Histories of the Middle East). Author: Rasmus C. Elling. Publisher: Oneworld Academic, 2004.

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During 2011, lobbying firms DLA Piper, Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld and DiGenova & Toensing were paid almost $ 1,5 million to lobby for delisting the MEK in the US.

1159:

has stated that "there has also been an ongoing campaign by the Islamic Republic to demonize victims, distort facts, and repress family survivors and human rights defenders."

13786: 13696:

The Mujaheddin e Khalq (MeK) also known as the Peoples' Mujaheddin of Iran (PMOI) was removed from the list of proscribed groups in June 2008 as a result of judgments of the

10705: 2935:, asking for temporary asylum and a loan of $ 300 million to continue their "revolutionary anti-imperialist" actions. It is not clear how the Soviets responded, according to 1122:

by the Iranian forces. Rajavi later stated that "the failure of Eternal Light was not a military blunder, but was instead rooted in the members' thoughts for their spouses".

20043: 14335: 9900: 9348: 8887: 8066: 2690: 1485:

and U.S. officials to let them return to Ashraf, which they said has concrete buildings and shelters that offer more protection. The United States has been working with the

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It has also been described as a cult by the United States government, and another retired United States general described it as "Cult? How about admirably focused group?".

1908:

Massoud Rajavi supported the idea that the Shiite religion as compatible with pluralistic democracy. In 1981, after signing the "covenant of freedom and independence" with

494:

with the aim of overthrowing the regime. Some 50 demonstrators were killed in the protests. On 28 June, the MEK was implicated in the blowing up of the headquarters of the

20138: 20123: 19730: 11299: 8803: 3203:. Human Rights Watch released a statement in February 2006, stating the criticisms they received concerning the substance and methodology of the report, was unwarranted. 2932: 1985:

another to deepen and pave the way for the "ideological revolution". At the time Maryam Azodanlu was known only as the younger sister of a veteran member, and the wife of

10354: 1925:, Rajavi published a Convenant promoting freedom of speech, press, and religion in Iran, as well as protection of Iranian minorities, "especially the Kurdish minority". 18326: 18051: 17034: 16707: 16269: 12306: 12023: 8336:"Iran's Ministry of Intelligence and Security: A Profile." A Report Prepared by the Federal Research Division, Library of Congress, Washington, December 2012. pp. 26–28 5830: 1802:

materialism' among Iran's general public. The Iranian regime for the same reason was "eager to pin on the Mojahedin the labels of Islamic-Marxists and Marxist-Muslims".

1481:). A rocket and mortar attack killed 5 and injured 50 others at Camp Hurriya on 9 February 2013. MEK residents of the facility and their representatives appealed to the 1023:, Rajavi's deputy and the MEK's field commander in Iran was killed following a three hour gunfight at a North Tehran safehouse. Alongside him died his wife Azar Rezaei, 773:

members also attacked Harold Price and disabled him for the rest of his life. These assassinations were carried out either by the Marxist or Islamist branch of the MEK.

13989: 7949:

On June 18 the Iraqi army launched an offensive against the Mehran salient on the central front, working in close coordination with Massoud Rajavi's People's Mujahidin.

3290:

From 1989 to 1993, the Islamic Republic of Iran carried out numerous assassinations of MEK members. Between March and June 1990, three MEK members were assassinated in

17988: 17828: 16994: 10046: 3211:(ICRC) visits to its detention centers. According to criticism of Human Right groups, marriage had been banned in the camp. Upon entry into the group, new members are 14016: 9874: 8297: 2261:)) was fundraising for the MEK. A spokesperson for the charity said that SIM was unrelated to the MEK and that these allegations were "lies from the Iranian regime". 19203: 18637: 18294: 17562: 16675: 14089: 13683: 12319: 10541: 2988:

security experts say that U.S., Saudi Arabia and Israel provide the group with financial support, though there is no proof for this supposition and MEK denies this.

13313: 8452: 18520: 18426: 16944: 16209: 11575: 5421: 754:. On 19 April 1974, they attempted to bomb the SAVAK centre at Tehran University. On 25 May, they set off bombs at three multinational corporations. Also Lt. Col. 15214: 13599: 9825: 9610: 9144: 7625: 4582: 4280:

Unsurprisingly, the decision to fight alongside Saddam was viewed as traitorous by the vast majority of Iranians and destroyed the MKO's standing in its homeland.

20173: 20053: 20028: 19968: 19723: 17953: 17004: 14151: 13854: 11250: 9562: 8483: 8430: 5016: 10987: 10507: 8239: 2480:

website. A website purported to be a personal blog of "Heshmat Alavi" published a post with counterclaims saying that their Twitter account had been suspended.

20148: 20143: 19884: 16685: 10520:

Most observers of Iranian politics say the MeK has minimal support in Iran and is widely hated for its use of violence and close links to Israeli intelligence.

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Between 1997 and 2013, the MEK was on the lists of terrorist organizations of the US, Canada, EU, UK and Japan for various periods. The MEK is designated as a

8705: 7151: 4406: 3899: 18998: 18647: 17756: 16979: 16952: 16534: 3630: 3154:

maintained that the MEK had committed human rights abuses in the early 1990s when it aided Saddam Hussain's campaign against the Shia uprising. According to

2213: 1227: 15319: 13459: 11355: 9098: 6202: 20188: 19496: 19063: 17983: 17771: 17024: 17019: 16969: 19988: 15459:, p. 73-74. "The strength of the movement inside Iran is uncertain: hundreds of MEK supporters have been executed and many more tortured and jailed." 15271: 12586: 12291: (District of Columbia Circuit 9 July 2004) ("After an extensive investigation of MEK and NCRI, the FBI reported to the State Department that 10271: 10139: 5884: 1989:. According to the announcement, Maryam Azodanlu and Mehdi Abrishamchi had recently divorced in order to facilitate this 'great revolution.' According to 1956:, calls for a "pluralist system", non-nuclear Iran, human rights and freedom of expression, separation of government and religion, and end to Sharia law. 20128: 18240: 18200: 18023: 18018: 18013: 17761: 17751: 16588: 16202: 14721: 3224: 1273:

themselves in various European capitals by lighting themselves on fire in front of French embassies, following orders from MEK. French Interior Minister

16628: 13285: 9203: 8653: 3032:(PLO), by sending emissaries to Paris, Dubai, and Qatar to meet PLO officials. On 3 August 1972, they bombed the Jordanian embassy as a means to avenge 2242:

ruled to close several MEK compounds after investigations revealed that the organization fraudulently collected between $ 5 million and $ 10 million in

20178: 20098: 18321: 17246: 16868: 10192: 9962: 9674: 9461: 5765: 1534:

have written that the information was given to the MEK by Israel. Among others, it was described by a senior IAEA official and a monarchist advisor to

15926: 12103: 5780: 1763:

According to Katzman, the MEK's early ideology is a matter of dispute. While scholars generally describe the MEK's ideology as an attempt to combine "

509:

fled to Paris. During the exile, the underground network that remained in Iran continued to plan and carry out attacks and it allegedly conducted the

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The MEK, which is based in Paris, remains unpopular in Iran because of its support for the late Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein during the Iran–Iraq war.

9727: 8590: 8556: 7981: 7481: 6044: 4046: 14203: 9991: 7903: 7849: 5600: 1081:. According to the US State Department, the MEK was mainly supported by Iraq during that period and was fighting on the Iraqi side in the 1980–1988 17880: 17870: 17174: 16619: 15573: 13951: 11540:

Reformers and Revolutionaries in Modern Iran: New Perspectives on the Iranian Left. Author: Stephanie Cronin. Publisher: Routledge, 2013. Page 274.

11014: 10386: 9314: 1738: 13529: 13193: 13168: 12455: 9246:"The Obligations Due to Former 'Protected Persons' in Conflicts that have Ceased to be International: The People's Mujahedin Organization of Iran" 4676: 629:

During the 1970s, the MEK carried out a series of attacks against the Iranian and Western targets and tried to kidnap the U.S. Ambassador to Iran

20133: 19538: 19396: 16858: 16498: 12561: 12191: 11883: 10888: 10798: 8127: 5370: 3150:

told the MEK it had to leave Iraq, but the MEK responded that the "request violated their status under the Geneva Convention". Al-Maliki and the

2748: 2658: 981: 963: 826: 510: 479: 14840: 13552: 11528:

Iran Agenda The Real Story of U.S. Policy and the Middle East Crisis. Authors: Reese Erlich, Robert Scheer. Publisher: Routledge, 2016. Page 99.

10867: 10644: 9856: 9019: 8839: 4199: 20183: 19746: 18451: 18431: 18401: 18289: 17890: 17885: 17821: 17654: 16734: 16413: 16176: 15841:

The Rise and Fall of the Mojahedin Khalq, 1987-1997: Their Survival After the Islamic Revolution and Resistance to the Islamic Republic of Iran

14777: 13238: 9424: 9397: 8865: 5276: 4012: 2699:

that "The inclusion of the People's Mojahedin was intended as a goodwill gesture to Tehran and its newly elected president, Mohammad Khatami."

2109:(UPI) said that "The truth is that the group's ideology has evolved over the years in order to adapt with the region's geopolitical changes." 1131: 542: 14257: 13101: 8764: 2234:

police operation discovered what a 2004 report calls "a complex fraud scheme involving children and social benefits", involving the sister of

929:. Iranian officials initially blamed various groups including the Iraqi government, SAVAK, and the United States. Two days after the incident 20003: 19369: 19196: 18597: 12755: 9794: 9374: 6898:, p. 196: The Mojahedin initially gave full support to the Muslim Student Followers of the Imam's Line who had taken over the US embassy 6833: 5557:

Selected Decisions of the Committee Against Torture: Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman Or Degrading Treatment Or Punishment

15862:(August 2018). "The Mojahedin-e Khalq versus the Islamic Republic of Iran: from war to propaganda and the war on propaganda and diplomacy". 15600: 14127: 10471: 8524: 7622:"Iran Chamber Society: History of Iran: Saddam's Private Army: How Rajavi changed Iran's Mojahedin from armed revolutionaries to armed cult" 20103: 19663: 19648: 18800: 18715: 18145: 17741: 16259: 13815: 9697: 4286:

Kirchner, Magdalena (2017). "'A good investment?' State sponsorship of terrorism as an instrument of Iraqi foreign policy (1979–1991)". In

3605: 2269: 1545:

named "Center for the Development of Advanced Defence Technology". This allegation by MEK and all their subsequent allegations were false.

13493: 11960: 11835: 7230: 3454:, which describes it as people of "two minds" who "say with their mouths what is not in their hearts" and "in their hearts is a disease". 2914: 1163:

group that left to other countries abroad. By the end of 1981, the principal refuge for many exiled members of the MEK had become France.

521:. In 1983, the MEK began meeting with Iraqi officials. In 1986, France expelled the MEK at the request of Iran, forcing it to relocate to 19433: 19374: 19250: 19240: 19078: 18970: 18261: 18192: 17936: 16924: 16863: 14431: 13782: 12963: 11647: 8966: 7311: 7272: 6519: 6354: 5665: 5130: 5063: 4968: 4730: 3420:

notes that the organization appears to be undemocratic and lacking popularity but maintains an operational presence in Iran, acting as a

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said to support the MEK. As part of the group's ongoing underground and overseas activities, it was an early source for claims about the

15297: 13880: 10580: 10232: 8183: 7350: 4910: 4773: 1755:

early ideology asserted that science, reason, and modernity were compatible with Islam. They adopted the concept of class struggle from

20108: 20008: 19653: 19325: 19073: 19058: 19023: 18993: 18622: 18463: 17766: 16853: 16113:

Zabih, Sepehr (1988). "The Non-Communist Left in Iran: The Case of the Mujahidin". In Chelkowski, Peter J.; Pranger, Robert J. (eds.).

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despite its persistent and sophisticated denials today, the Mojahedin fully supported the seizure of the U.S. embassy in November 1979.

448: 13650: 12905:

The MEK directs a worldwide campaign against the Iranian government that stresses propaganda and occasionally uses terrorist violence.

12432: 7756: 5699: 5395: 20088: 20033: 19533: 19172: 18632: 18416: 18304: 18150: 17814: 17203: 8623: 8355: 6642: 6612: 6429: 6312: 4924:

state security official. Subsequent investigation revealed that Kashmiri was an agent of the leftist People's Mujahedin of Iran (MEK)

2250: 1541:

On 18 November 2004, MEK representative Mohammad Mohaddessin used satellite images to state that a new facility existed in northeast

1250:, after suspicions that it was trying to shift its base of operations there. 160 suspected MEK members were then arrested, including 561: 14685: 14059: 10108: 20083: 20078: 19705: 19189: 19043: 16458: 15691: 13063: 12722: 10697: 10416: 8058: 7729: 3208: 2224: 14327: 9896: 9344: 5077:

were exploited to demonstrate the organizations betrayal due to its willingness to join forces with Iran's enemies on the outside.

19600: 19455: 19068: 18364: 16453: 15257: 11782: 10301: 8738: 6392: 5526: 3610: 2227:

closed it down after finding no "verifiable links between the money donated by the British public and charitable work in Iran".

1620:

inside Iran to overthrow Iran's government. It also maintained some operations in France, and in January 2018, Iranian President

439:), is an Iranian dissident organization that was previously armed but has now transitioned primarily into a political group. Its 11289: 8795: 2181:

In 2004, a report by the US weapons inspector Charles Duelfer claimed that Saddam Hussein provided millions of dollars from the

880:

while avoiding direct and open criticism of Khomeini. The MEK was in turn suppressed by Khomeini's revolutionary organizations.

20203: 20113: 19636: 19616: 18753: 18607: 18336: 18215: 18118: 17910: 17900: 17014: 16658: 16244: 12679: 11019: 10364: 10332: 3484: 3325: 2903: 2782: 2759: 2314: 2127: 1918: 1913: 1231: 973: 888: 239: 13981: 12302: 12288:

National Council of Resistance of Iran, Petitioner v. Department of State and Colin L. Powell, Secretary of State, Respondents

12033: 9592: 7904:"The Combination of Iraqi offensives and Western intervention force Iran to accept a cease-fire: September 1987 to March 1989" 6159: 5826: 2706:. In 2002, the European Union, pressured by Washington, added MEK to its terrorist list. In 2009, the U.S. Secretary of State 2034: 19518: 19384: 19100: 18488: 18458: 17098: 16873: 16818: 16136: 16059: 16038: 16010: 15988: 15955: 15904: 15849: 15825: 15759: 15569:

The National Movement of the Iranian Resistance 1979–1991: The role of a banned opposition movement in international politics

15478: 15189: 15162: 15079: 14991: 14962: 14932: 14813: 14669: 14644: 14547: 14517: 14462: 14425: 14356:

Rezaei, Farhad; Cohen, Ronen (2014). "Iran's Nuclear Program and the Israeli-Iranian Rivalry in the Post Revolutionary Era".

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offering you 15,000$ of 20,000$ to appear at a panel discussion because that doesn't happen for former diplomats every day.

13935: 13911: 13033: 12998: 12938: 12898: 12864: 12652: 12624: 12500: 12409: 12384: 12271: 12247: 12222: 11719: 11694: 11549:

Deadly Connections States that Sponsor Terrorism. Author: Daniel Byman. Publisher: Cambridge University Press, 2005. Page 37.

11330: 11079: 10574: 10083: 9492: 9074: 8960: 8930: 8402: 8274: 8164: 8099: 8021:

On 26 July the NLA, advancing under heavy Iraqi air cover, seized Karand and Islamabad-e Gharb on the Baghdad-Tehran highway.

7668: 7602: 7549: 7512: 7456: 7383: 7344: 7305: 7266: 7108: 7044: 6867: 6675: 6552: 6513: 6487: 6348: 6077: 5940: 5794: 5594: 5564: 5322: 5183: 5144: 5057: 4962: 4904: 4846: 4767: 4724: 4661: 4626: 4452: 4390: 4322: 4299: 4273: 3834: 3804: 3719:

Khomeini declared that "those who had failed to endorse the Constitution could not be trusted to abide by that Constitution".

3367:'s brother in 1990. The MEK claims that in 1996 a shipment of Iranian mortars was intended for use by Iranian agents against 3018: 1286: 564:

said the MEK was involved in terrorist activities. During its life in exile, MEK was initially financed by backers including

14553: 10957: 10042: 7785:

Con Coughlin Khomeini's Ghost: The Iranian Revolution and the Rise of Militant Islam, Ecco Books 2010 p. 377 n. 21

7674: 6558: 4458: 3017:, calling them racist states and demanding cancellation of all political and economic agreements with them. The MEK opposed 20023: 19508: 19481: 19276: 18538: 18331: 18140: 17875: 16697: 16680: 16612: 14024: 13701: 9870: 9540: 8679: 8290: 4258:

In return, the PMOI made attacks on Iran itself, which is why Iranians of all stripes tend to regard the group as traitors.

3488: 3253: 3216: 2462: 1141: 1140:

against Iranian forces, thousands of imprisoned members of the MEK, along with members of other leftist opposition groups,

15181:

The New Iranian Leadership: Ahmadinejad, Terrorism, Nuclear Ambition, and the Middle East (Praeger Security International)

14081: 13672: 10533: 9936: 1568:

said that the perpetrators "could only be Israel", and that "it is quite likely Israel is acting in tandem with" the MEK.

729:(Organization of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class) in 1978. From 1973 to 1979, the Muslim MEK including 474:. It subsequently pursued the establishment of a democracy in Iran, particularly gaining support from Iran's middle class 19658: 19428: 18279: 18113: 16724: 16572: 13622: 13309: 11565: 9763: 6759:

Sreberny-Mohammadi, Annabelle; Mohammadi, Ali (January 1987). "Post-Revolutionary Iranian Exiles: A Study in Impotence".

3682: 2489: 2347: 851: 557: 264: 15390:

Chicago Tribune wires, 'Iraq Denies Link with Death of Opposition Leader in Rome', Chicago Tribune (17 March 1993), p.4.

13131: 11525:

The Thousand and One Borders of Iran Travel and Identity. Author: Fariba Adelkhah. Publisher: Routledge, 2015. Page 270.

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The MEK has been involved in terrorist activities and is therefore a less legitimate replacement for the current regime.

3411:

Inside Iran, the strength of the MEK is uncertain since many of its supporters have been executed, tortured, or jailed.

20073: 20058: 19621: 19553: 19048: 18910: 18565: 17993: 16999: 16886: 16836: 16493: 16448: 16072:

Guerrilla Odyssey: Modernization, Secularism, Democracy, and the Fadai Period of National Liberation In Iran, 1971–1979

15790: 14754: 14229: 13844: 13583: 12065: 12001: 11866: 11617: 11543:

The Iranians Persia, Islam and the soul of a nation. Author: Sandra Mackey. Publisher: Plume, New York, 1998. Page 372.

9732:[Iraq Decides to Expel MEK Members from its Territory] (in Arabic). Al-Jazeera. 24 January 2009. Archived from 9284: 9136: 8422: 7739: 7621: 4572: 3516: 3138:

Some politicians have declared receiving payment for supporting the MEK, but others support the group without payment.

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declared that the MEK "recently wanted to make France its support base, notably after the intervention in Iraq", while

861: 487: 14141: 12375:

Dixon, Jeffrey S.; Meredith Reid Sarkees (2015). "INTRA-STATE WAR #816: Anti-Khomeini Coalition War of 1979 to 1983".

11242: 5006: 1446:, an offence reserved for those who "take up arms against the state" and carries the death penalty. In July 2010, the 20048: 19993: 19438: 19347: 18733: 18710: 18673: 18592: 18478: 18473: 18354: 17865: 17145: 16826: 15224: 12933:, Washington DC: The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, The Konrad Adenauer Stiftung, pp. 114–115, 218, 12163: 12138: 11537:

Women in Iran: Gender Politics in the Islamic Republic. Author: Hammed Shahidian. Publisher: Praeger, 2002. Page 123.

10979: 10499: 7843: 5659: 5220: 4241: 3728:

It was later revealed that the U.S. bombings were part of an agreement between the Iranian government and Washington.

3029: 2887: 2718: 2056: 1486: 1000: 935: 865: 379: 14800:

Cordesman, Anthony H.; Davies, Emma R. (2008). "Center for Strategic and International Studies (Washington, D.C.)".

10440: 9245: 20068: 20063: 19501: 19486: 19450: 18396: 18284: 18250: 18155: 17844: 16989: 16984: 16254: 15800:

Clark, Mark Edmond (2016). "An Analysis of the Role of the Iranian Diaspora in the Financial Support System of the

15340: 11922: 8701: 2965: 2853: 2253:(AIVD) claimed that Netherlands charity that raises money for "children who suffer under the Iranian regime" (SIM ( 1384: 733:

were mainly in prisons. "Rajavi, upon release from prison during the revolution, had to rebuild the organization".

8215:"I was lucky to escape with my life. The massacre of Iranian political prisoners in 1988 must now be investigated" 7589:, Policy and Administrative Approaches, vol. 17, Springer International Publishing Switzerland, p. 204, 7095:. Policy and Administrative Approaches. Vol. 17. Springer International Publishing Switzerland. p. 201. 4416: 2390:

support." According to Masoud Kazemzadeh, the MEK has also used propaganda against defectors of the organization.

1379:

analogue television in Iraq in the 1990s, accessible in western provinces of Iran. They also had a radio station,

19889: 19641: 19245: 19219: 19008: 18825: 18468: 18411: 18128: 17081: 17009: 16974: 16964: 16917: 16795: 16690: 16605: 14948: 13375: 11345: 6194: 3266: 2273: 2023: 1734: 1726: 1447: 1346: 1329: 1254:

and her brother Saleh Rajavi. After questioning, most of those detained were released, but 24 members, including

14177: 13252:

Hussein Shi'ite government asserts its independence. All three countries label the MEK a terrorist organization.

12859:, Washington DC: The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, The Konrad Adenauer Stiftung, pp. 112–114, 11346:"Is Tehran spying on Southern California? Feds say O.C. waiter and 'Chubby' from Long Beach were agents of Iran" 10255: 7585:

Qasemi, Hamid Reza (2016), "Chapter 12: Iran and Its Policy Against Terrorism", in Dawoody, Alexander R. (ed.),

7091:

Qasemi, Hamid Reza (2016). "Chapter 12: Iran and Its Policy Against Terrorism". In Dawoody, Alexander R. (ed.).

20198: 19631: 19626: 19543: 18406: 18391: 18135: 17895: 17746: 17621: 17167: 16729: 12324: 10131: 5431: 2130:(NCRI), established in 1981 with the stated goal of uniting the opposition to the Iranian government under one 2073:

by a variety of sources. The MEK has been described as a "cult" by the Iranian government and Iraqi politician

1704: 17941: 9733: 3685:

estimated global membership of the organization between 5,000 and 10,000 members, with 3,400 of them being at

806:

The MEK further launched an unsuccessful campaign supporting total abolition of Iran's standing military, the

443:

are currently in Albania. The group's ideology is rooted in "Islam with revolutionary Marxism", but after the

20038: 18341: 18269: 17946: 17215: 17162: 17093: 16891: 16739: 16712: 16468: 16367: 15028: 13400:"Ottawa drops Saddam Hussein-linked Iranian group from terror list in bid to ramp up pressure against Tehran" 13276: 9999: 8645: 5210: 2771: 2469:

has suspended the "Heshmat Alavi" account, and the writings in the name of "Heshmat Alavi" were removed from

2078: 1278: 884: 807: 491: 15915: 15567: 11055:"La articulación de intereses de los Moyāhedīn-e Jalq-e Iran: De la Revolución islámica al Movimiento Verde" 9958: 9666: 9453: 9191: 5755: 5477: 2949:

maintains connections with the MEK, dating back to the 1990s. Until 2001, the MEK received support from the

2774:

on 26 January 2009. It was also lifted in the United States following a decision by U.S. Secretary of State

1552:

In 2012, NBC News' Richard Engel and Robert Windrem published a report quoting U.S. officials, who spoke to

1332:

bombed MEK bases and forced them to surrender. This resulted in at least 50 deaths. The US forces disarmed

1234:

publicly called or the formation of a National Solidarity Front to help overthrow Islamic Republic of Iran.

20093: 20013: 19827: 19294: 18602: 18587: 18245: 17973: 17301: 17069: 15973:

Katzman, Kenneth (2001). "Iran: The People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran". In Benliot, Albert V. (ed.).

15074:, Washington DC: The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, The Konrad Adenauer Stiftung, p. 108, 13724: 12820: 12091: 5808:

But critics question that commitment given the cult of personality built around MEK's leader, Maryam Rjavi.

3620: 1887:'s historic act of resistance, has both a revolutionary message and a special place in our popular culture. 1633: 277: 10760: 8582: 8549: 7973: 7477: 6909: 6036: 4342: 2702:

In 2004, the United States also considered the group as "noncombatants" and "protected persons" under the

20118: 20018: 18880: 18723: 18612: 18299: 18008: 17585: 14894:

Statement on Responses to Human Rights Watch Report on Abuses by the Mojahedin-e Khalq Organization (MKO)

14230:"Alejo Vidal-Quadras: "Abascal conocía el apoyo económico de opositores iraníes a Vox y le parecía bien"" 14190: 13021: 7914: 7833: 5584: 5297:...by then sheltered in camps in Iraq, fought against Iran alongside the Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein... 1207: 934:

top IRP officials as a strategy to eliminate political opponents within the government. According to the

13809:"Federal Register /Vol. 77, No. 193 /Thursday, October 4, 2012 /Notices 60741 10 17 CFR 200.30–3(a)(12)" 6825: 3740:

Jeffrey S. Dixon and Meredith Reid Sarkees estimating prewar strength at 2,000, later peaking to 10,000.

2731:

reported names of former U.S. officials paid to speak in support of MEK, including former CIA directors

19998: 19688: 19580: 19528: 19523: 19416: 19155: 19130: 19105: 18483: 18175: 18165: 17797: 17328: 17322: 17064: 16910: 16772: 16744: 16488: 15007: 14924: 14805: 12886: 11744: 4684: 3979: 3922: 3151: 2458: 2297: 2201: 2106: 1844: 1681: 1661: 12550: 12183: 8988:

Sullivan, John (11 May 2003). "Armed Iranian exiles surrender; 6,000-member unit accepts U.S. terms".

8831: 8120: 2268:

policy reported, MEK supporters seek donations at public places, often showing "gruesome pictures" of

1383:, that was closed down in June 1998. In 2006, an EU freeze on the group's funds was overturned by the 20193: 19786: 19585: 19558: 19491: 19289: 18642: 18543: 18441: 17422: 17372: 17358: 16848: 16503: 16483: 16076: 15664: 15637: 15469:

Pollack, Kenneth M.; Byman, Daniel L.; Indyk, Martin S.; Maloney, Suzanne (2009). "Toppling Tehran".

14862: 14830: 13181:

The MEK, dedicated to overthrowing Iran's Islamic regime and considered a terrorist group by Iran ...

12990: 10859: 10636: 9848: 9015: 3827:

Iranian Politics and Religious Modernism: The Liberation Movement of Iran Under the Shah and Khomeini

3693: 3375:. In May 1995, five MEK members were assassinated in Iraq. In 1996, two MEK members were murdered in 3348:. In March 1993, two assassins on motorcycles murdered NCRI representative Mohammad Hossein Naqdi in 1867:. For Reza'i and the Mujahidin it was the duty of all Muslims to continue this struggle to create a ' 1859:, was aimed against feudal landlords and exploiting merchant capitalists as well as against usurping 13230: 9401: 8861: 5360: 344: 19683: 19668: 19595: 19571: 19443: 19411: 19337: 19110: 18870: 18748: 18743: 18700: 18662: 18421: 18225: 18101: 17714: 16802: 16790: 16762: 16508: 16397: 16194: 14249: 13159: 13091: 9237: 7944: 5173: 3600: 3496: 3357: 3248: 3054: 2997: 2895: 2770:

The United Kingdom lifted the MEK's designation as a terrorist group in June 2008, followed by the

2433: 2197: 1930: 1353: 906: 877: 830: 495: 460: 126: 14391:

Sheikhneshin, Arsalan Ghorbani (2009). "Iran and the US: Current Situation and Future Prospects".

14116: 12818:

Tabatabai, Ariane M. (2017). "Other side of the Iranian coin: Iran's counterterrorism apparatus".

12747: 12721:, United States Army Intelligence Center, University of Military Intelligence, OMB No. 0704-0188, 12154:

Banisadr, Masoud (2016), "The metamorphosis of MEK (Mujahedin e Khalq)", in Barker, Eileen (ed.),

9786: 9370: 3363:

The Iranian regime is also believed to be responsible for killing NCR representative in 1993, and

1798:", but they always denied being Marxists because they were aware that the term was colloquial to ' 549:. In 2003, the MEK's military wing signed a ceasefire agreement with the U.S. and was disarmed at 19909: 19715: 19590: 19330: 18359: 18096: 18081: 17707: 17700: 17647: 17627: 17608: 17315: 17308: 17123: 16843: 16670: 16423: 16387: 13808: 12377:

A Guide to Intra-state Wars: An Examination of Civil, Regional, and Intercommunal Wars, 1816–2014

10075: 10069: 9276: 8516: 3397: 3172: 2977: 2138:

reported that the NCRI has always been "an integral part" of the MEK and its "political branch".

1504: 1459: 1412: 1392: 766: 546: 471: 429: 16597: 15497: 15099:"Israel teams with terror group to kill Iran's nuclear scientists, U.S. officials tell NBC News" 11825: 11740:"The Iranian Mojahedin-e Khalq (MEK) and Its Media Strategy: Methods of Information Manufacture" 11511:

Conflict in the modern Middle East: an encyclopedia of civil war, revolutions, and regime change

10163:"Israel teams with terror group to kill Iran's nuclear scientists, U.S. officials tell NBC News" 9705: 8394: 8388: 6154: 6094:

The Shah's Imperial Celebrations of 1971: Nationalism, Culture and Politics in Late Pahlavi Iran

4838: 4832: 4653: 4647: 3995:

Conflict in the Modern Middle East: An Encyclopedia of Civil War, Revolutions, and Regime Change

2295:

During the years MEK was based in Iraq, it was closely associated with the intelligence service

1790:

Historian Ervand Abrahamian observed that the MEK were "consciously influenced by Marxism, both

1247: 1191:

to protest the bombing of a MEK military base where several people had been killed and wounded.

999:

Between June 1981 and April 1982, around 3500 MEK members were either executed or killed by the

19359: 19342: 19318: 19135: 19018: 18667: 18657: 18530: 18180: 18091: 18086: 18071: 17693: 17686: 17470: 17227: 17194: 17184: 17150: 17044: 13489: 13092:"An Iranian Activist Wrote Dozens of Articles for Right-Wing Outlets. But Is He a Real Person?" 13025: 13015: 12158:, Ashgate Inform Series on Minority Religions and Spiritual Movements, Routledge, p. 172, 10606:"L'attentat manqué de Villepinte en 2018 a été " conçu par l'Iran ", conclut une enquête belge" 9066: 9056: 8922: 7219: 5491: 4329:

The group is not popular in Iran because of its alliance with Saddam Hussein and Iran–Iraq war.

3796: 3231:. MEK denied the brainwashing describing it as part of Iranian 'misinformation campaign.' Also 3219:

of Iran. All members are required to participate in weekly "ideologic cleansings". Members who

2027: 1463: 1430: 1297: 1281:, head of France's domestic intelligence service, claimed that the group was "transforming its 1172: 989: 955: 777: 518: 15381:

European Union, Resolution on Iranian human rights violations, O.J. C150 (31 May 1993), p.264.

15247: 14952: 14509: 14503: 14411: 12953: 12890: 12880: 12486: 11639: 10778: 9270: 9192:"From internment to resettlement of refugees: on US obligations towards MEK defectors in Iraq" 8950: 8089: 7295: 7256: 6665: 6503: 6338: 5645: 5523:"Western signs of support for Iranian dissident group will only deepen the divide with Tehran" 5043: 4952: 4710: 4612: 2788: 2499:

The countries and organizations below have officially listed MEK as a terrorist organization:

2077:. On May 25, 1981, Khomeini appeared on national television accusing those who criticized the 640:

Some surviving members restructured the group by replacing the central cadre with a three-man

19858: 19781: 19476: 19352: 19053: 19003: 18875: 18582: 18577: 18560: 18555: 18550: 18515: 18274: 18220: 17640: 17633: 17457: 17441: 17379: 16513: 16473: 16438: 16433: 16120: 15947: 15937: 15179: 13876: 11790: 10564: 10224: 7334: 4894: 4753: 3417: 2899: 2721:

list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations and consequently turning it into a legitimate actor.

2714: 2379: 2280: 2131: 2092:

said he was ashamed by Nadal's criticism. Also numerous academics and former MEK members who

1408: 1156: 1096: 1078: 1055: 977: 918: 738: 615: 530: 467: 15527:

Ram, Haggay (1992). "Crushing the Opposition: Adversaries of the Islamic Republic of Iran".

14052:"Long March of the Yellow Jackets: How a One-Time Terrorist Group Prevailed on Capitol Hill" 8914: 8121:"Blood-soaked secrets with Iran's 1998 Prison Massacres are ongoing crimes against humanity" 7373: 3784: 2365:, the MEK's "capabilities to conduct terrorist attacks may have decreased in recent years." 1810:

became Enemy No. 1 of both pro-Soviet Marxist groups, the Tudeh and the Majority Fedayeen."

891:, and initiating a series of bombings and assassinations targeting the clerical leadership. 18975: 18446: 18436: 18230: 18003: 17931: 17548: 16418: 16317: 15727: 14413:

Iran's Foreign Policy in the Post-Soviet Era: Resisting the New International Order, p. 193

13640: 12428: 5691: 5399: 3615: 3176: 2953:. The MEK was also among the opposition groups receiving support from Gulf nations such as 2421: 2375: 2186: 1664:

said it would not rule out the MEK as a viable replacement for the current Iranian regime.

1482: 1184: 697: 630: 538: 335: 13584:"Terrorists, cultists – or champions of Iranian democracy? The wild wild story of the MEK" 11859:

Appeasing the Ayatollahs and Suppressing Democracy: U.S. Policy and the Iranian Opposition

11406:""Maniacal slaves:" normative misogyny and female resistors of the Mojahedin-e Khalq Iran" 9137:"Terrorists, cultists – or champions of Iranian democracy? The wild wild story of the MEK" 8615: 6634: 6604: 6425: 6304: 4573:"Terrorists, cultists – or champions of Iranian democracy? The wild wild story of the MEK" 2781:

The Council of the European Union removed the group's terrorist designation following the

2223:-based charity, Iran Aid, which claimed to raise money for Iranian refugees. In 2001, the 2038: 976:(NCRI) with the stated goal of uniting the opposition to the Iranian government under one 8: 19946: 19894: 19796: 19471: 19304: 18210: 18061: 17905: 17721: 17541: 17534: 17527: 17520: 17505: 17498: 17491: 17220: 16767: 16665: 16529: 16392: 16249: 14051: 13553:"Watergate Journalist Carl Bernstein Spoke at Event Supporting Iranian 'Terrorist' Group" 12520: 12492: 10421: 10100: 9508:"Summary of World Broadcasts (SWB): Part 4: The Middle East, Africa, and Latin America". 7152:"33 HIGH IRANIAN OFFICIALS DIE IN BOMBIMG AT PARTY MEETING; CHIEF JUDGE IS AMONG VICTIMS" 6883: 5651: 5559:, vol. 1, United Nations Publications, p. 212, Communication N 2582004 section 7.2, 5552: 4168: 3743:

Pierre Razoux estimating maximum strength between 1981 and 1988 to about 15,000 fighters.

3526: 3441: 3427:

The Iranian government consistently refers to the organization with this derogatory name

3353: 3184: 2070: 1922: 1647: 1579:, who heads the Supreme National Security Council, blamed Mujahideen-e-Khalq and Israel. 1388: 1203: 951: 869: 835: 819: 228: 19822: 14191:"Los financiadores iraníes de Vox son ex terroristas rehabilitados a golpe de talonario" 13053: 12713: 9272:

Crimes of Terror: The Legal and Political Implications of Federal Terrorism Prosecutions

7208:. Library of Congress. Foreign Affairs and National Defense Division. 1981. p. 164. 3424:

against Tehran. The group has been described as Iran's main political opposition group.

3227:

sessions are intended to enforce control over sex and marriage in the organization as a

1360:

to accept the remaining 2,700 members who were brought to Tirana between 2014 and 2016.

980:. Rajavi assumed the position of chairman of the organization. On 30 August 1981, they 459:

The MEK was founded on 5 September 1965 by leftist Iranian students affiliated with the

19951: 19837: 19678: 19513: 19389: 19284: 19120: 19095: 18930: 18905: 18890: 18865: 18855: 18805: 18770: 18652: 18627: 18205: 18056: 17781: 17677: 17365: 17253: 17208: 17179: 17157: 17133: 16782: 16754: 16443: 16352: 16142: 16105: 16080: 15965: 15961: 15941: 15879: 15536: 15399:

Safa Haeri, 'A bad month', Middle East International, No. 463 (19 November 1993), p.11.

15345: 14898: 14871: 14373: 14204:"Una secta militar confinada en Albania: quiénes son los iraníes que financiaron a Vox" 13198: 12837: 12240:

Special Plans: The Blogs on Douglas Feith & the Faulty Intelligence That Led to War

11830: 6776: 5853:"Stephen Harper criticized for speaking at 'Free Iran' event hosted by dissident group" 5630: 5482: 5136: 5011: 3960: 3941: 3674: 3512: 3508: 3278: 3164: 3131: 2858: 2703: 2438: 2243: 1860: 1832:'s Movement, authored by one of the group's founders, Ahmad Reza'i, it was argued that 1814: 1572: 1508: 1364: 1305: 1090: 985: 926: 838:

added numerous clauses that transferred sovereignty from the Iranian population to the

796: 789: 637:

managed to strike arrested and executed many members of MEK including its co-founders.

514: 444: 296: 291: 16703:

Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas – Followers of the Identity Platform

14778:"Trump Cabinet pick was paid by 'cult-like' Iranian exile group that killed Americans" 11799: 10293: 8730: 6400: 6145: 5522: 3379:(including NCRI member Zahra Rajabi); in the same year two MEK members were killed in 1337:

confined to Camp Ashraf, before later being relocated to a former U.S. military base,

19930: 19760: 19423: 19406: 19313: 18775: 18695: 18510: 18316: 18076: 18046: 17963: 17614: 17604: 17580: 17415: 17350: 17086: 17039: 16933: 16645: 16327: 16312: 16146: 16132: 16092:

Piazza, James A. (October 1994). "The Democratic Islamic Republic of Iran in Exile".

16055: 16034: 16006: 15984: 15951: 15900: 15883: 15845: 15821: 15786: 15755: 15743: 15719: 15643: 15474: 15185: 15158: 15075: 14987: 14958: 14928: 14809: 14665: 14640: 14543: 14513: 14458: 14421: 14377: 14300: 13931: 13907: 13591: 13058: 13029: 12994: 12934: 12894: 12860: 12841: 12648: 12620: 12496: 12405: 12380: 12267: 12243: 12218: 12159: 12134: 11862: 11763: 11715: 11690: 11405: 11350: 11326: 10860:"Iranian diplomat warned of retaliation over Belgian bomb plot trial, document shows" 10637:"Iranian diplomat warned of retaliation over Belgian bomb plot trial, document shows" 10570: 10263: 10079: 9488: 9280: 9070: 8956: 8926: 8915: 8398: 8270: 8160: 8095: 7839: 7807: 7735: 7664: 7660: 7598: 7555: 7545: 7508: 7379: 7340: 7301: 7262: 7104: 7040: 6863: 6671: 6548: 6509: 6483: 6344: 6158:. Fasc. 1. Vol. VI. New York City: Bibliotheca Persica Press. pp. 105–112. 6073: 5936: 5790: 5655: 5590: 5560: 5318: 5314: 5216: 5179: 5140: 5101: 5053: 4958: 4900: 4842: 4763: 4720: 4657: 4622: 4448: 4386: 4318: 4295: 4287: 4269: 4020: 3830: 3800: 3785: 3557: 3530: 3523: 3228: 3188: 3175:

committed by the group against its members, ranging from prolonged incommunicado and

3123: 3079: 3033: 2865: 2842: 2695: 2393: 1990: 1986: 1966: 1868: 1795: 1772: 1148: 1111: 1107: 1082: 1047: 1019:

In 1982, the Islamic Republic cracked down MEK operations within Iran. On 8 February

1008: 930: 914: 910: 900: 755: 742: 641: 611: 499: 453: 384: 15294:"Two Individuals Plead Guilty to Acting as Illegal Agents of the Government of Iran" 12673: 11009: 10324: 4047:"From businessman to 'spy': a Canadian-Iranian man's ordeal in Tehran's Evin Prison" 1507:

in a press conference held on 14 August 2002 in Washington, D.C. MEK representative

1202:

said that he received "anonymous threats of disruption from Iranian exiles" for the

811: 19863: 19548: 19364: 19148: 19125: 19115: 19088: 19083: 19033: 19028: 18940: 18860: 18738: 18570: 18374: 18346: 18108: 17958: 17926: 17659: 17555: 17483: 17476: 17464: 17434: 17427: 17407: 17400: 17393: 17386: 17260: 16637: 16428: 16362: 16332: 16322: 16124: 16101: 15922: 15871: 15813: 15778: 15731: 15324: 15252: 14662:

Political Influence Operations: How Foreign Actors Seek to Shape U.S. Policy Making

14365: 12958: 12882:

Iraq and the War of Sanctions: Conventional Threats and Weapons of Mass Destruction

12829: 11753: 11069: 10783: 10534:"As Iran's opposition groups prepare for the regime's collapse, who else is ready?" 9485:

Media, Culture and Society in Iran: Living with Globalization and the Islamic State

9257: 8484:"USA vs Iran at France '98: the most politically charged game in World Cup history" 7590: 7096: 6768: 5782:

The Iran Agenda Today: The Real Story Inside Iran and What's Wrong with U.S. Policy

3492: 3432: 3412: 3050: 2838: 2740: 2707: 2427: 2362: 2284: 2265: 2101: 2089: 1617: 1556:

on condition of anonymity, that the MEK was being "financed, trained, and armed by

1285:

centre into an international terrorist base". Police found $ 1.3 million in

1215: 1137: 1119: 1051: 845: 751: 534: 420: 374: 15875: 15320:"Iran Silent on 12 Iranians Detained by US Despite Pledge to Swap Prisoners Again" 14722:"Giuliani's work for Iranian group with bloody past could lead to more legal woes" 13928:

The Politics and Practice of Religious Diversity: National Contexts, Global Issues

12833: 12215:

Confronting Iran: The Failure of American Foreign Policy and the Roots of Mistrust

11683:

Reformers and Revolutionaries in Modern Iran: New Perspectives on the Iranian Left

11054: 10889:"Report: Iranian diplomat held in Belgium on terror charges warned of retaliation" 7448: 3495:, criticized and rejected cooperation with the MEK. An October 1994 report by the 2931:

On 7 January 1986, the MEK leaders sent a twelve-page letter to the "comrades" of

1600: 604:

Hanifnejad (left) and Badizadegan (right), two of the founders of the organization

19899: 18840: 18820: 18795: 18785: 18379: 18309: 18255: 18123: 17345: 17234: 17128: 16717: 16382: 16357: 16342: 16049: 16024: 15974: 15839: 15669: 15219: 14835: 14537: 14369: 14122: 13164: 11010:"Iranian State Actors Conduct Cyber Operations Against the Government of Albania" 10949: 10920:"In first for Europe, Iran envoy sentenced to 20-year prison term over bomb plot" 8343: 8220: 8184:"Iran still seeks to erase the '1988 prison massacre' from memories, 25 years on" 7648: 7034: 6584: 6541: 6149: 6067: 5426: 5365: 4442: 3792: 3791:. Historical Dictionaries of War, Revolution, and Civil Unrest (third ed.). 3592: 3501: 3156: 3147: 3115: 3095: 3037: 3003: 2882: 2849: 2804: 2800: 2775: 2522: 2074: 1722: 1692: 1629: 1625: 1274: 1270: 1243: 1222:. To prevent an interruption in the match, extra security entered Stade Gerland. 922: 815: 619: 9926: 9536: 8675: 8240:"Iran: Top government officials distorted the truth about 1988 prison massacres" 5546: 5544: 4200:"The People's Mujahidin: the Iranian dissidents seeking regime change in Tehran" 3458:

and by mid-1980, clerics close to Khomeini were openly referring to the MEK as "

2657:

Not designated as terrorist but added to the 'Consolidated List' subject to the

1667: 1352:

In June 2004, Donald Rumsfeld designated the MeK as protected persons under the

19817: 19299: 18955: 18950: 18765: 18235: 17512: 17278: 16372: 16292: 16287: 16282: 15859: 15835: 15154: 15094: 14980:

Iranian Weapons of Mass Destruction: The Birth of a Regional Nuclear Arms Race?

14003:

came from Iranian-American supporters of the M.E.K., not from the group itself.

13750: 13645: 12587:"After the War: Intelligence; U.S. Said to Seek Help of Ex-Iraqi Spies on Iran" 12127:

Iranian Weapons of Mass Destruction: The Birth of a Regional Nuclear Arms Race?

11570: 10698:"Alleged Iranian bomb plot in France is a 'wake-up call' for Europe, U.S. says" 9062: 9039: 9037: 7156: 6334: 5212:

Struggle for Dominance in the Persian Gulf: Past, Present, and Future Prospects

3650: 3401: 3364: 3306: 3119: 3111: 3075: 3063: 2985: 2880:

among others, published "Joint Experts' Statement on the Mujahedin-e Khalq" on

2755: 2674: 2595: 2577: 2339:

believes that "they're often wrong, but occasionally they give you something".

2302: 2272:

and claiming to raise money for them but funneling it to MEK. A 2004 report by

2254: 2220: 2182: 2169: 1973: 1884: 1856: 1829: 1700: 1687: 1621: 1612: 1451: 1418: 1301: 1242:

In June 2003, French police raided the MEK's properties, including its base in

1219: 1073: 1065: 1031: 1020: 857: 800: 730: 565: 506: 483: 475: 76: 64: 16128: 15940:; Bowdish, Randall G. (2018). "Advertising: The People's Mujahideen e Khalq". 15272:"Iranian Agents Plead Guilty To Collecting Info On Opposition Group In The US" 13017:

Islamic Fundamentalism, Feminism, and Gender Inequality in Iran Under Khomeini

12456:"Meet The Weird, Super-Connected Group That's Mucking Up U.S. Talks With Iraq" 9755: 8337: 7594: 7297:

Government and Politics of the Contemporary Middle East: Continuity and change

7100: 6826:"Highly Secretive Iranian Rebels Are Holed Up in Albania. They Gave Us a Tour" 6772: 4712:

Government and Politics of the Contemporary Middle East: Continuity and change

3270:

through "threats to use force against them or their families living in Iran".

2894:

The campaign to delist the MEK in the European Union counted with Spanish MEP

2163:. In February 2020, the MEK claimed to have 2500 members in its Albania camp ( 1363:

Separate to events in Iraq, the organization launched a free-to-air satellite

19982: 19904: 19842: 19801: 19776: 19401: 18925: 18900: 18895: 18850: 18845: 18835: 18830: 18810: 18790: 17849: 17776: 17285: 17076: 16831: 16557: 16337: 16302: 16297: 16277: 15893:

The United States and Iran Sanctions, wars and the policy of dual containment

14954:

Human Rights and Democracy: The 2010 Foreign & Commonwealth Office Report

14746: 14533: 13595: 13123: 13096: 12055: 11767: 11609: 10500:"Rudy Giuliani calls for Iran regime change at rally linked to extreme group" 10359: 10267: 10038: 9987: 7559: 5541: 3405: 3368: 3318: 3107: 2981: 2961: 2906:. The party received almost €1 million between December 2013 and April 2014. 2869: 2821: 2796: 2792: 2732: 2728: 2559: 2402: 2323: 2307: 2235: 2208: 1996: 1977: 1953: 1852: 1656: 1592: 1576: 1527: 1455: 1342: 1293: 1282: 1262: 1255: 1251: 1024: 526: 440: 140: 60: 16114: 16084: 16070: 15146: 14178:"Iranian exile group paid salaries for two leaders of Spain's far-right Vox" 13623:"MEK decision: multimillion-dollar campaign led to removal from terror list" 13085: 13083: 13081: 11991: 11074: 9034: 3529:

ended his alliance with the group in 1984, denouncing its stance during the

3160:, the MEK has denied aiding Saddam in quashing Kurdish and Shia rebellions. 2173:

reporter visiting the camp estimated 200 people were present over two days.

1952:

The MEK says it supports a "secular democratic system", where their leader,

1917:

censorship, and injustices." They appealed to all opposition groups to join

19832: 19791: 19224: 19013: 18945: 18915: 18815: 17138: 16957: 16567: 16539: 16463: 16377: 16347: 16307: 16030: 15998: 15914:

Goulka, Jeremiah; Hansell, Lydia; Wilke, Elizabeth; Larson, Judith (2009).

15751: 14323: 14146: 12525: 12266:. Middle East Research & Information Project, JSTOR. 2005. p. 55. 10476: 10193:"Israel's Mossad Trained Assassins of Iran Nuclear Scientists, Report Says" 9425:"Who is the Iranian group targeted by bombers and beloved of Trump allies?" 7336:

Famous Assassinations in World History: An Encyclopedia [2 volumes]

5889: 5277:"Who is the Iranian group targeted by bombers and beloved of Trump allies?" 4896:

Famous Assassinations in World History: An Encyclopedia [2 volumes]

4709:

Ismael, Jacqueline S.; Perry, Glenn; Ismael, Tareq Y. Y. (5 October 2015).

4614:

The Revolutionary Guards in Iranian Politics: Elites and Shifting Relations

4577: 3543:

List of works about the People's Mujahedin of Iran § Documentary films

3295: 3258: 3232: 3212: 3180: 3103: 3058: 3022: 3014: 2954: 2936: 2826: 2415: 2085: 1901: 1818: 1716: 1561: 1531: 1478: 1470: 1396: 1372: 1338: 1266: 1199: 1179: 1030:

In 1983, the MEK started an alliance with Iraq following a meeting between

745:, Hotel International, Radio City Cinema, and an export company owned by a 623: 172: 55: 15817: 15782: 9261: 9218: 9003:"M2 Presswire" (news briefing). Coventry: US DoD. 19 June 2003. p. 1. 7404: 1949:

track record to substantiate a capability or intention to be democratic".

1099:

was launched on June 18, 1988. With 530 aircraft sorties and heavy use of

814:

against the system. They also claimed credit for infiltration against the

39: 19266: 19038: 18965: 18935: 18920: 18885: 17968: 16562: 15735: 15402: 15053: 15051: 13679: 13515: 13078: 12087: 12028: 11410:

Department of Politics, the New School for Social Research, New York, USA

10294:"Mohsen Fakhrizadeh: Iran scientist 'killed by remote-controlled weapon'" 7757:"GOP leaders criticize Obama's Iran policy in rally for opposition group" 5738: 5736: 5734: 5732: 4876: 4874: 4266:

Vanguard of the Imam: Religion, Politics, and Iran's Revolutionary Guards

3686: 3578: 3341: 3099: 3091: 3071: 2830: 2751: 2744: 2736: 2454: 2160: 1880: 1791: 1784: 1776: 1565: 1426: 1333: 783: 770: 762: 550: 522: 188: 11942: 11940: 11914: 11884:"Iran's Heightened Fears of MEK Dissidents Are a Sign of Changing Times" 10225:"Background Briefing on an Announcement Regarding the Mujahedin-e Khalq" 5885:"Trump allies' visit throws light on secretive Iranian opposition group" 5550: 4527: 4525: 4523: 3586: 1636:. By 2018, over 4,000 MEK members had entered Albania, according to the 1511:

stated that Iran is running two top-secret projects, one in the city of

1014: 614:

students whose radical ideas focused on an armed rebellion against Shah

18960: 18780: 18728: 18493: 16020: 15540: 14686:"Who are the Iranian opposition and who will rule if the regime falls?" 13278:

BRIEFING PAPER Number CBP 5020: The People's Mujahiddeen of Iran (PMOI)

12693: 11758: 11739: 11290:"Iran Lashes Mike Pence After Hawkish MEK Speech: 'Trumpian Criminals'" 10761:"Albania, host of Iranian dissident camp, expels two Iranian diplomats" 10668:"Iran says Belgium arrests are a plot to sabotage Rouhani Europe visit" 10355:"Here's John Bolton Promising Regime Change in Iran by the End of 2018" 10132:"Exiled dissidents claim Iran building new nuclear site | Reuters" 9925:

Mohammed, Muhanad (11 July 2010). Rania El Gamal; Stamp, David (eds.).

9171: 8610: 8608: 7206:

Chronologies of major developments in selected areas of foreign affairs

6780: 6691: 6459: 3853: 3447: 3371:. In May 1994, Islamic Republic agents assassinated two MEK members in 3314: 3257:

responsible for both attacks. According to an anonymous U.S. official,

2925: 2442: 2239: 2126:

Alongside its central organization, the PMOI has a political wing, the

1872: 1696: 1399:

were executed by the Iranian government for co-operating with the MEK.

1035: 1004: 306: 16051:

Iran's Revolutionary Guard: The Threat that Grows While America Sleeps

15665:"Ian Burrell: It's time for the BBC to give independent radio a break" 15471:

Which Path to Persia?: Options for a New American Strategy toward Iran

15048: 14921:

Compliant Rebels: Rebel Groups and International Law in World Politics

14508:, Praeger Security International, Greenwood Publishing Group, p. 14455:

Compliant Rebels: Rebel Groups and International Law in World Politics

13367: 11323:

Women & Political Process 20C Iran (Cambridge Middle East Studies)

10417:"Rouhani calls on Macron to act over anti-Iran 'terrorists' in France" 9159: 7996: 7220:"Background Information on Designated Foreign Terrorist Organizations" 7060: 5729: 4871: 4800: 4788: 1442: 19141: 17059: 15896: 15809: 15774: 14296: 13524: 12099: 11937: 11686: 10666:

Murphy, Francois; Irish, John (3 July 2018). Maclean, William (ed.).

10043:"Guess who credits the Mossad with producing the 'laptop documents?'" 9992:"The Iran Nuclear "Alleged Studies" Documents: The Evidence of Fraud" 9516: 8765:"Prisoners of Their Own Rebellion: The Cult-Like Group Fighting Iran" 6984:

Presidential Elections in Iran: Islamic Idealism since the Revolution

5786: 5049: 4716: 4618: 4520: 4204: 3460: 3421: 3199:

that in two cases led to death. This report was disputed by the UK's

3192: 3087: 3011: 2877: 2873: 2679:

The group was described as "involved in terrorist activities" by the

2652: 2351: 2336: 2204:

supported these organizations while it was unaware of their purpose.

2093: 1876: 1799: 1756: 913:, which killed 74 party officials and other party members, including 759: 746: 20164:

Organisations formerly designated as terrorist by the United Kingdom

20159:

Organizations formerly designated as terrorist by the European Union

16224: 16163: 14172:

For the role of the MEK in funding Spanish political party Vox see:

14142:"Iran condemns US for 'double standards' over MEK terror de-listing" 11243:"Iran condemns US for 'double standards' over MEK terror de-listing" 10799:"Albanian police say Iranian 'terror cell' planned to attack exiles" 10472:"Iranian prisoners allegedly forced to run gauntlet of armed guards" 8605: 8267:

Breaking the Stalemate: The Case for Engaging the Iranian Opposition

1843:

Reza'i further argued that the banner of revolt raised by the Shi'i

1060: 20169:

Organizations formerly designated as terrorist by the United States

18171:

Donald Trump's threat for the destruction of Iranian cultural sites

18066: 15102: 15012: 14983: 14690: 14417: 12130: 12092:"Cult-like Iranian militant group worries about its future in Iraq" 11294: 5695: 4759: 4411: 4382: 3998: 3380: 3220: 2834: 2143: 1965:

The MEK is "known for its female-led military units". According to

1942: 1938: 1909: 1741:, the cyberattacks were motivated by Albania's hosting of the MEK. 1553: 1325: 856:

As a result of the boycott, Khomeini subsequently refused to allow

470:. The organization contributed to overthrowing the Shah during the 363: 19915:

Organization of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class

19745: 15029:"U.N. envoy accuses Iran group's leaders in Iraq of rights abuses" 13368:"Canada Lists Iranian Opposition Organization As Terrorist Entity" 10021: 10019: 10017: 8888:"France drops case against Iranian dissidents after 11-year probe" 4027: 1596: 1587:

In 2016, the United States brokered a deal to relocate the MEK to

1425:

On 28 July 2009, Iraqi security forces raided MEK headquarters at

1041: 941: 654:

Organization of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class

18384: 16627: 16183: 15577: 15419: 15417: 15033: 13849: 13155:"US move to delist MEK as terror group worries Iran's opposition" 12910: 11447: 11445: 11443: 10197: 9931: 8091:

Montazeri: The Life and Thought of Iran's Revolutionary Ayatollah

7819: 7188: 7186: 6739: 6737: 6374: 6372: 5113: 4859: 4537: 4347: 4343:"Former U.S. officials urge Trump to talk with Iranian MEK group" 3428: 3345: 3333: 3310: 3196: 2950: 2919:

granted a temporary asylum. Memorandum to the CK KPSS from Olfat.

2466: 2231: 2193: 1934: 1780: 1768: 1588: 1474: 1357: 996:, along with ordinary citizens who supported the new government. 946: 144: 18618:

Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment Act

16902: 15498:"Government fights to keep ban on main Iranian opposition group" 15341:"Iranian Hackers Found Way Into Encrypted Apps, Researchers Say" 13930:, Routledge Advances in Sociology, Routledge, pp. 162–163, 13720: 11462: 11460: 11225: 11223: 9611:"Grand Ayatollah Challenges Regime; Report: 7 al-Qaeda Arrested" 8453:"France: USA v Iran World Cup Match Becomes a Political Hotcake" 8390:

Encyclopedia of Modern Worldwide Extremists and Extremist Groups

7913:. Center for Strategic and International Studies. Archived from 6222: 6220: 4834:

Encyclopedia of Modern Worldwide Extremists and Extremist Groups

4649:

Encyclopedia of Modern Worldwide Extremists and Extremist Groups

4444:

Ending Holy Wars: Religion and Conflict Resolution in Civil Wars

3305:

On 23 September 1991, an attempt was carried out to assassinate

2902:, the far-right party he founded, later received funding by the 846:

Electoral disenfranchisement and opposition activity (1980–1981)

595: 18506:

Attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq, Jordan, and Syria (2023–present)

16171: 15693:

Political drama 'Midday Event' named best at Fajr Film Festival

15072:

Who rules Iran?: the structure of power in the Islamic Republic

14947: 14831:"At Tehran's Bidding? Iraq Cracks Down on a Controversial Camp" 12931:

Who rules Iran?: the structure of power in the Islamic Republic

12857:

Who rules Iran?: the structure of power in the Islamic Republic

11915:"West should beware Iranian regime's opposition smear campaign" 10014: 6724: 6722: 6720: 6718: 6113:

The Transformation of American International Power in the 1970s

5966: 5964: 5931:

Newton, Michael (2014). "Bahonar, Mohammad-Javad (1933–1981)".

5857: 5827:"How Iranian MEK went from US terror list to halls of Congress" 5627:

The United States and Iran: Policy Challenges and Opportunities

4377:

Newton, Michael (2014). "Bahonar, Mohammad-Javad (1933–1981)".

3376: 3337: 3299: 3291: 3168: 3007: 2969: 2946: 2942: 2778:

on 21 September 2012 and lastly in Canada on 20 December 2012.

2631: 2409: 1637: 1557: 1542: 1512: 204: 160: 15440: 15438: 15436: 15434: 15432: 15414: 14272: 13768: 12184:"A Former MEK Member Talks About the Extremist Iranian 'Cult'" 11662: 11440: 11097: 10731:"Iranian Diplomats Set to Leave Albania After Expulsion Order" 10101:"Exiles: How Iran's Expatriates are Gaming the Nuclear Threat" 9593:"Iran hangs man accused of passing military secrets to Israel" 9563:"Iran hangs man accused of passing military secrets to Israel" 9398:"Terrorism and Corruption: Albania's Issues with EU Accession" 7711: 7709: 7294:

Ismael, Jacqueline S.; Ismael, Tareq Y.; Perry, Glenn (2015).

7183: 7132: 7014: 6734: 6703: 6480:

Sold Out? US Foreign Policy, Iraq, the Kurds, and the Cold War

6393:"Trump Cabinet pick paid by controversial Iranian exile group" 6369: 4236:

For the diminishing popularity of the Mojahedin in Iran, see:

3547:

The MEK has been featured in several documentaries, including

2991: 1896: 610:

The Mojahedin-e-Khalq (MEK) was founded in 1965 by a group of

586: 18369: 16479:

List of people assassinated by the People's Mujahedin of Iran

15618: 14217:"Spain's Vox Party Hates Muslims—Except the Ones Who Fund It" 14017:"US: Iranian "Terrorist" Group Courts Friends in High Places" 12617:

International Security and the United States: An Encyclopedia

12484: 12344: 11992:"The Iranian opposition fighters who mustn't think about sex" 11457: 11220: 11150: 11148: 11034: 10779:"Iran protests: Supreme leader blames 'enemies' for meddling" 10256:"Who is responsible for the Iran nuclear scientists attacks?" 8550:"15 Held on Charges of Helping Alleged Terrorists Enter U.S." 7731:

The Axis of Evil: Iran, Hizballah, and the Palestinian Terror

7539: 7480:. The Spokesman-Review. Associated Press. 14 September 1981. 6953: 6951: 6949: 6947: 6945: 6217: 6004: 5760: 5643: 5492:"Patterns of Global Terrorism 2004, U.S. Department of State" 5045:

The Axis of Evil: Iran, Hizballah, and the Palestinian Terror

4954:

The Axis of Evil: Iran, Hizballah, and the Palestinian Terror

3854:"Durrës locals protest MEK members' burial in local cemetery" 3626:

List of people assassinated by the People's Mujahedin of Iran

3466: 3451: 3349: 3329: 3066:

was the only means to "safeguard from American imperialism."

2691:

U.S. State Department list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations

2613: 2521:

Designated by the current government since 1981, also during

1839:

As described by Abrahamian, one Mojahedin ideologist argued:

1817:

is based on an interpretation of Islam so similar to that of

1764: 1668:

Islamic Republic of Iran operations against MEK inside Europe

1516: 1100: 968:

List of people assassinated by the People's Mujahedin of Iran

839: 706: 634: 156: 15027:

Charbonneau, Louis (16 July 2013). Zargham, Mohammad (ed.).

13460:"Iranian Group M.E.K. Wins Removal From U.S. Terrorist List" 11589: 11391:

Gender and Islamic Fundamentalism: Feminist Politics in Iran

10950:"Albania severs diplomatic ties with Iran over cyber-attack" 9487:. Iranian Studies. Vol. 5. Routledge. pp. 99–100. 8320: 8318: 7696: 7694: 7692: 6963: 6715: 6124: 6122: 5961: 5914: 5912: 5624: 4493: 4491: 4101: 4099: 3649:

Since 27 January 1985, they are "Co-equal Leader", however,

3317:

offices and the French embassy in Iran after France allowed

2933:

Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

2862:

that the MEK offered him money in exchange for his support.

1959: 541:. Following Operation Mersad, Iranian officials ordered the 19214: 17839: 15980: 15601:"The Late Shah's Son Wants a Democratic Revolution in Iran" 15429: 11481:

Iran today: an encyclopedia of life in the Islamic Republic

11196: 9641:"Two Political Prisoners Arrested After Elections Executed" 9299:

all of whom signed a document rejecting violence and terror

8616:"Californian pleads guilty to aiding Irani terrorist group" 8150: 8148: 7706: 6794: 6792: 6790: 6758: 6256: 4126: 3766: 3764: 3762: 3487:. Other groups opposing Khomeini's government, such as the 3372: 2538: 2516: 1402: 1320:

Entrance Gate of Ashraf City when populated by PMOI exilees

1195: 993: 776:

In August 1976, a car carrying three American employees of

464: 208: 192: 176: 17989:

Phone conversation between Barack Obama and Hassan Rouhani

15547: 15126: 15124: 14616: 14604: 14592: 14580: 14568: 14539:

Revisionism and Diversification in New Religious Movements

14483: 13845:"US drops Iranian MEK dissident group from terrorism list" 12374: 12156:

Revisionism and Diversification in New Religious Movements

11428: 11370: 11160: 11145: 11133: 11109: 9371:"John Bolton support for Iranian opposition spooks Tehran" 6942: 6281: 3302:. In January 1993, an MEK member was murdered in Baghdad. 2301:(IIS), and even had a dedicated department in the agency. 1316: 18295:

United States raid on the Iranian Liaison Office in Erbil

15450: 14471: 12060: 11996: 11184: 11172: 9698:"Iranian Resistance Group a Source of Contention in Iraq" 9230: 8315: 7689: 7171: 6244: 6232: 6174: 6119: 5909: 5719: 5717: 5451: 5449: 5331: 4934: 4932: 4812: 4488: 4478: 4476: 4096: 3238: 2564:

Designated on 8 July 1997, delisted on 28 September 2012

2355: 2164: 2135: 1848: 1628:, asking him to order kicking the MEK out of its base in 1311: 822:

after the Iranian revolution although MEK has denied it.

20154:

Organizations formerly designated as terrorist by Canada

18521:

Iranian interference in the 2024 United States elections

18427:

December 2019 United States airstrikes in Iraq and Syria

16708:

Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas (1985)

15913: 15468: 15408: 14532:

Banisdar, Masoud (2013). "The Metamorphosis of MEK". In

14328:"The Inside Story of America's Favorite Terrorist Group" 13952:"For Obscure Iranian Exile Group, Broad Support in U.S." 12715:

Mujahideen-e-Khalq (MEK) Part I: Genesis and Early Years

12699: 12619:. Vol. 1. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 375. 11946: 9345:"The Inside Story of America's Favorite Terrorist Group" 9315:"For Obscure Iranian Exile Group, Broad Support in U.S." 9224: 9177: 9165: 9043: 8576: 8574: 8145: 8002: 7886: 7884: 7882: 7869: 7867: 7416: 7410: 6787: 6697: 6465: 6449: 6447: 6069:

The Spirit of Allah: Khomeini and the Islamic Revolution

6037:"Mojahedin-e-Khalq: Saddam's Iranian Allies - Jamestown" 6016: 5992: 5742: 5132:

Days of God: The Revolution in Iran and Its Consequences

4880: 4806: 4794: 4531: 4290:; Leonard, Sarah; Berger, Lars; Johnson, Gaynor (eds.). 4164:"Ban on Iran opposition should be lifted, says EU court" 4145: 4143: 4141: 4074: 4072: 3759: 3669:

Available estimates of MEK membership in the 2000s are:

3285: 2807:

and other American politicians at the MEK event in 2018.

2636:

Designated on 24 May 2005, delisted on 20 December 2012

505:

Facing the subsequent repression of the MEK by the IRP,

19969:

Category:1988 executions of Iranian political prisoners

17954:

Treaty of Amity, Economic Relations and Consular Rights

15121: 14215:

Jannessari, Sohail; Loucaides, Darren (27 April 2019).

14049: 12485:

Amir Moosavi, Narges Bajoghli, ed. (18 December 2019).

12400:

Razoux, Pierre (2015). "Appendix E: Armed Opposition".

11272: 11270: 11268: 11208: 10441:"Deri më tani në Shqipëri kanë ardhur 4000 muxhahedinë" 9454:"Iranian opposition group in Iraq resettled to Albania" 9099:"Iranian Dissidents Convince U.S. to Drop Terror Label" 8039: 7072: 7002: 6876: 5933:

Famous Assassinations in World History: An Encyclopedia

5644:

Amir Moosavi, Narges Bajoghli, ed. (18 December 2019).

4755:

Famous Assassinations in World History: An Encyclopedia

4379:

Famous Assassinations in World History: An Encyclopedia

4222:

the biggest and most resilient Iranian opposition group

3261:

built the bomb and MEK agents placed it in the shrine.

1606: 1582: 1450:

issued an arrest warrant for 39 MEK members, including

1345:. Defectors from the MEK requested assistance from the 18638:

Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act

15943:

The Terrorist Argument: Modern Advocacy and Propaganda

12645:

Global Intelligence: The World's Secret Services Today

12242:. Franklin, Beedle & Associates, Inc. p. 66. 9448: 9446: 8051: 7428: 7123: 6482:, Facts on File Crime Library, Springer, p. 136, 5714: 5446: 5082: 4929: 4473: 4116: 4114: 3882: 3880: 3878: 3737:

Available estimates of historical MEK membership are:

3511:

stance before the revolution, the MEK is not close to

3477: 2582:

Designated on 28 March 2001, delisted on 24 June 2008

1904:

flags and those of 'National Liberation Army of Iran'.

1436:

In January 2010, Iranian authorities charged five MEK

1187:

of Shias, Kurds and Turkmens against Baathist regime.

803:

in the referendum of August 1979. He was not elected.

784:

1979 Iranian Revolution and subsequent power struggles

18999:

Academic relations between Iran and the United States

18648:

United States Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran

15339:

Bergman, Ronen; Fassihi, Farnaz (18 September 2020).

15197: 12675:

Iraqi Intelligence Service - IIS [Mukhabarat]

12551:"2004 MUJAHEDIN—E KHALQ (MEK) CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION" 11121: 9756:"Iraq denies Iran exile killings, exiles show images" 8862:"France Will Drop Charges Against Iranian Dissidents" 8571: 7879: 7864: 7788: 7566: 7375:

Revolutionary Iran: A History of the Islamic Republic

6444: 4242:"Iranian dissidents in Iraq: Where will they all go?" 4138: 4069: 3028:

The MEK's Central Cadre established contact with the

2845:

received campaign contributions from MEK supporters.

2618:

Designated on 5 July 2002, delisted on 24 March 2013

2214:

Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996

1228:

Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996

1015:

Exile and underground opposition activity (1982–1988)

434: 20044:

Entities added to the Consolidated List by Australia

19497:

2016 attack on the Saudi diplomatic missions in Iran

19064:

Our enemy is here, they are lying that it is America

17984:

Correspondence between Barack Obama and Ali Khamenei

15508: 15248:"2 alleged agents of Iran arrested for spying in US" 14719: 13124:"مجله فوربز مقالات 'کارشناس ایرانی جعلی' را حذف کرد" 13054:"The Listening Post | Videos | Al Jazeera" 12356: 11265: 10469: 9510:

British Broadcasting Corporation. Monitoring Service

8702:"France drops charges against Iran opposition group" 8159:. University of California Press. pp. 209–214. 7911:

The Lessons of Modern War – Volume II: Iran–Iraq War

7521: 6990: 6819: 6817: 6815: 6813: 6811: 6809: 6807: 6657: 6278:, University of California Press (1999), p. 151 5987:

Rebels With A Cause: The Failure of the Left in Iran

5478:"American Forces Reach Cease-Fire With Terror Group" 5253: 5251: 5249: 5247: 5245: 5243: 5241: 5239: 4084: 3665: 3663: 3653:

disappeared in 2003 and leadership of the group has

3568: 2886:

voicing their concerns regarding MEK delisting. The

2815:

The MEK advocated to remove itself from the list of

2600:

Designated in May 2002, delisted on 26 January 2009

868:. Instead, Rajavi allied with Iran's new president, 20139:

Organizations based in Asia designated as terrorist

20124:

Militant opposition to the Islamic Republic of Iran

18201:

Assassination of Paul R. Shaffer and John H. Turner

16686:

Organization of Iranian People's Fedaian (Majority)

15361:"Italy puts Iranian on trial for opposition murder" 14720:Ainsley, Julia; W. Lehren, Andrew; Schapiro, Rich. 14664:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 63. 14214: 14176:Irujo, José María; Gil, Joaquín (28 January 2020). 14117:"Joint Experts' Statement on the Mujahedin-e Khalq" 13490:"Iranian exile group removed from U.S. terror list" 13194:"Three US Civilians Slain By Guerrillas in Teheran" 12024:"Iranian dissidents plot a revolution from Albania" 11990:Pressly, Linda; Kasapi, Albana (11 November 2019). 9849:"Iraq Cracks Down on Iranian Exiles at Camp Ashraf" 9443: 9130: 9128: 9126: 9124: 8511: 8509: 5949: 5476:Jehl, Douglas; Gordon, Michael R. (29 April 2003). 5422:"Khomeini fatwa 'led to killing of 30,000 in Iran'" 4407:"The People's Mojahedin: exiled Iranian opposition" 4111: 4017:

Iran Resurgent: The Rise and Rise of the Shia State

3875: 3698:

claimed that there were some 2,900 members in Iraq.

3549:

A Cult That Would Be an Army: Cult of the Chameleon

3043: 16869:Arab Struggle Movement for the Liberation of Ahwaz 16535:List of works about the People's Mujahedin of Iran 15087: 14776: 14115: 14082:"M.E.K.: The Group John Bolton Wants to Rule Iran" 13520:"France paints an abstract picture to please Iran" 12799: 12672:Pike, John; Aftergood, Steven (26 November 1997), 12585:Banerjee, Neela; Jehjuly, Douglas (22 July 2003), 11566:"MEK rally planned for Friday at State Department" 10071:Chain of Command: The Road from 9/11 to Abu Ghraib 9016:"Iran's Armed Opposition Wins a Battle — In Court" 8213: 7835:The SAGE Encyclopedia of Terrorism, Second Edition 7653:The SAGE Encyclopedia of Terrorism, Second Edition 5586:The SAGE Encyclopedia of Terrorism, Second Edition 5361:"Iran's Armed Opposition Wins a Battle — In Court" 3820: 3818: 3816: 3631:List of works about the People's Mujahedin of Iran 3340:. In April 1992, a MEK member was murdered in the 3062:and being disloyal to democracy that according to 1571:On 27 November 2020, Iran's top nuclear scientist 1166: 1125: 18706:Iranian Students Association in the United States 15916:The Mujahedin-e Khalq in Iraq: A Policy Conundrum 14864:No Exit: Human Rights Abuses Inside the MKO Camps 14637:The Superpowers' Involvement in the Iran-Iraq War 13394: 13392: 13328: 13284:, The House of Commons Library research service, 12368: 11388: 10130:Vinocur, Nicholas; Dahl, Fredrik (11 July 2013). 8992:. Bergen County, NJ: Knight Ridder. p. A.17. 8796:"French Arrest 150 From Iranian Opposition Group" 7293: 6804: 6186: 5551:United Nations Committee against Torture (2008), 5236: 4708: 3660: 3336:. In February 1993, a MEK member was murdered in 1933:report stated that their ideology was a blend of 1655:During the Free Iran 2019 conference in Albania, 1265:to protest the arrests, and 10 members including 1118:(Eternal Light) by the MEK and the counterattack 513:that killed Iran's president and prime minister, 19980: 18241:Jimmy Carter's engagement with Ruhollah Khomeini 15574:London School of Economics and Political Science 15171: 14802:Iraq's Insurgency and the Road to Civil Conflict 14715: 14713: 14525: 13982:"U.S. Supporters of Iranian Group Face Scrutiny" 13751:"EU takes Iran opposition group off terror list" 11496:Deadly connections states that sponsor terrorism 11015:Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency 9121: 8506: 8416: 8414: 8017:The Longest War: The Iran-Iraq Military Conflict 3298:(a National Council member) was assassinated in 1603:, where they have been protested by the locals. 1246:, under the orders of anti-terrorist magistrate 19539:United Nations Security Council Resolution 2231 16859:Southern Azerbaijan National Awakening Movement 16499:Background and causes of the Iranian Revolution 15177: 14799: 13950:Warrick, Joby; Tate, Julie (26 November 2011). 13744: 13742: 13721:"EU ministers drop Iran group from terror list" 12954:"France lashes out at Iranian opposition group" 12584: 12488:Debating the Iran-Iraq War in Contemporary Iran 11640:"France lashes out at Iranian opposition group" 8996: 8283: 6754: 6752: 5689: 5647:Debating the Iran-Iraq War in Contemporary Iran 5414: 5270: 5268: 5266: 4510: 4508: 4506: 3848: 3846: 3813: 3504:" as an evidence of neglecting Iranian people. 3344:. In August 1992, a MEK member was murdered in 2980:wrote in 2015 that the MEK is supported by the 2968:had trained MEK operatives at a secret site in 2749:Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation 2659:United Nations Security Council Resolution 1373 2081:'s decisions of having a cult of personality. 1824:In the group's "first major ideological work", 1503:The MEK and the NCRI revealed the existence of 1064:MEK leader Massoud Rajavi with Iraqi president 1042:Operations Shining sun, Forty Stars, and Mersad 942:Open conflict with the Islamic Republican Party 827:December 1979 Iranian constitutional referendum 529:, the MEK then sided with Iraq, taking part in 20174:Organisations designated as terrorist by Japan 20029:1988 executions of Iranian political prisoners 19747:1988 executions of Iranian political prisoners 18452:February 2021 United States airstrike in Syria 18432:Attack on the United States embassy in Baghdad 18402:Deportation of Iranian students at US airports 18290:United States kill or capture strategy in Iraq 17979:Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's letter to George W. Bush 17891:Consulate-General of the United States, Tabriz 17886:Interests Section of Iran in the United States 17655:1988 executions of Iranian political prisoners 16414:1988 executions of Iranian political prisoners 15338: 14978:Cordesman, Anthony H.; Seitz, Adam C. (2009). 14977: 13673:"Proscribed terrorist groups or organisations" 13389: 13231:"Iranian Group a Source of Contention in Iraq" 12615:DeRouen, Karl R.; Bellamy, Paul, eds. (2008). 12614: 12404:. Harvard University Press. pp. 543–544. 12125:Cordesman, Anthony H.; Seitz, Adam C. (2009). 12124: 10980:"Albania Suffers 2nd Cyberattack, Blames Iran" 10829:"Belgian terror file linked to Iranian regime" 10767:. 15 January 2020 – via www.reuters.com. 10031: 9959:"Attack kills 5 at Iranian exile camp in Iraq" 9816:Londoño, Ernesto; Jaffe, Greg (29 July 2009). 8543: 8541: 7505:Iran Under the Ayatollahs (Routledge Revivals) 6981: 6605:"Chapter 8 -- Foreign Terrorist Organizations" 5468: 5466: 5464: 5354: 5352: 5350: 5348: 5346: 2689:In 1997, the United States put the MEK on the 2368: 1703:said that the MEK incited violence during the 1132:1988 executions of Iranian political prisoners 1003:. Another 5000 MEK prisoners were detained in 20149:Organizations designated as terrorist by Iraq 20144:Organisations designated as terrorist by Iran 19731: 19197: 18598:Iran, North Korea, Syria Nonproliferation Act 17822: 16918: 16629:Banned/exiled political organizations of Iran 16613: 16210: 15936: 15624: 14710: 13634: 13632: 12916: 12711: 12671: 12514: 12512: 12350: 11989: 11466: 11229: 10918:Emmott, Clement Rossignol (4 February 2021). 10498:Merat, Arron; Borger, Julian (30 June 2018). 9522: 8758: 8756: 8411: 7533: 7117: 5981: 5979: 5390: 5388: 4232: 4230: 3900:"Mujahedin-E Khalq Organization (MEK Or MKO)" 3782: 3223:from the MEK and some experts say that these 2116: 1375:) in England in 2003. It previously operated 950:Bomb debris after assassination of President 19664:Islamic Military Counter Terrorism Coalition 18720:Public Affairs Alliance of Iranian Americans 18716:Organization of Iranian American Communities 16260:Organization of Iranian American Communities 16003:Modern Iran: Roots and Results of Revolution 14639:. Nova Science Publishers Inc. p. 197. 14390: 14050:Ali Gharib, Eli Clifton (26 February 2015), 13838: 13836: 13739: 9927:"Iraqi court seeks arrest of Iranian exiles" 9815: 9189: 9092: 9090: 9088: 9086: 8912: 8583:"Man Convicted of Assisting Terrorist Group" 8291:"Proscribed Organisations Appeal Commission" 8081: 7806: 6910:"Mojahedin-e-Khalq: Saddam's Iranian Allies" 6884:occupation of the American embassy in Tehran 6749: 5263: 5100: 4566: 4564: 4562: 4560: 4558: 4556: 4554: 4552: 4503: 3938:US Foreign Policy and the Iranian Revolution 3843: 3332:. In May 1990, a MEK member was murdered in 2494: 2290: 1300:, he wrote a letter of protest to President 964:1981 Iranian Prime Minister's office bombing 820:occupation of the American embassy in Tehran 818:. The MEK was one of the supporters of the 20189:Political parties of the Iranian Revolution 19079:United States and state-sponsored terrorism 17937:Nationalization of the Iranian oil industry 16864:Azerbaijan National Resistance Organization 16189:People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran 15890: 15639:The Strange World of the People's Mujahedin 15026: 14747:"An Iranian mystery: Just who are the MEK?" 14501: 14457:. Cambridge University Press. p. 129. 14355: 13949: 12545: 12543: 12056:"An Iranian mystery: Just who are the MEK?" 11961:"Analysis: Is MeK still a terrorist group?" 11737: 11610:"An Iranian mystery: Just who are the MEK?" 11325:, Cambridge University Press, p. 244, 10665: 10497: 10491: 10129: 10025: 9897:"Ashoura Protesters Risk Execution in Iran" 8944: 8942: 8538: 8094:. Cambridge University Press. p. 131. 6930:Global Stability and U.S. National Security 6139: 6137: 5820: 5818: 5816: 5461: 5343: 4639: 4268:. Oxford University Press. pp. 73–74. 3954: 3553:The Strange World of the People's Mujahedin 2992:Position on the Israel–Palestinian conflict 2165:§ Settlement in Albania (2016–present) 1499:Assassination of Iranian nuclear scientists 1492: 1469:In 2012, the MEK moved from Camp Ashraf to 482:, which led to Khomeini barring MEK leader 20129:Militant opposition to the Pahlavi dynasty 20054:Foreign relations during the Iran–Iraq War 19738: 19724: 19654:Opposition to military action against Iran 19204: 19190: 19074:United States involvement in regime change 19059:Opposition to military action against Iran 18623:Iran Freedom and Counter-Proliferation Act 18464:June 2021 United States airstrike in Syria 17829: 17815: 16925: 16911: 16854:Organization of Iranian Kurdistan Struggle 16620: 16606: 16217: 16203: 16068: 16047: 15742: 15718: 15553: 15423: 15363:. New Zealand Herald. Reuters. 12 May 2005 15151:People's Mojahedin of Iran: mission report 15057: 15008:"Who are the People's Mujahedeen of Iran?" 14622: 14610: 14598: 14586: 14574: 14489: 14477: 14318: 14316: 14293:The Left in Contemporary Iran (RLE Iran D) 14278: 14166: 13714: 13712: 13629: 13228: 13152: 13013: 12984: 12509: 11668: 11595: 11531: 11451: 11434: 11376: 11154: 11139: 11115: 11103: 11040: 10562: 10154: 9982: 9980: 9729:العراق يقرر طرد أعضاء مجاهدي خلق من أراضيه 9695: 9058:People's Mojahedin Of Iran- Mission Report 8913:Kahana, Ephraim; Suwaed, Muhammad (2009). 8753: 8725: 8723: 8580: 8547: 8481: 8154: 8115: 8113: 8111: 7587:Eradicating Terrorism from the Middle East 7192: 7177: 7138: 7093:Eradicating Terrorism from the Middle East 7066: 7020: 6969: 6957: 6895: 6860:The Iranian military in revolution and war 6853: 6851: 6798: 6743: 6728: 6709: 6667:Encyclopedia of Terrorism, Revised Edition 6664:Combs, Cindy C.; Slann, Martin W. (2009). 6663: 6627: 6586:Iran Almanac and Book of Facts, Volumen 15 6378: 6287: 6262: 6250: 6238: 6226: 6180: 6128: 6022: 6010: 5998: 5976: 5970: 5918: 5475: 5385: 5337: 5302: 5208: 4865: 4818: 4677:"ROLE AND EVOLUTION OF THE MOJAHEDIN E-KA" 4543: 4497: 4447:. Univ. of Queensland Press. p. 141. 4292:Western Foreign Policy and the Middle East 4227: 4105: 4033: 3783:Sloan, Stephen; Anderson, Sean K. (2009). 3770: 2693:. The Clinton administration reported the 2037:. Please do not remove this message until 1440:of "rioting and arson" under the crime of 925:, 10 vice ministers and 27 members of the 576: 502:, killing 74 officials and party members. 449:Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran 20179:Organizations of the 1991 Iraqi uprisings 20099:Islamic organizations established in 1965 19534:International Maritime Security Construct 18417:2019 Iranian shoot-down of American drone 18151:International Maritime Security Construct 16676:Communist Party (Marxist–Leninist–Maoist) 15976:Iran: Outlaw, Outcast, Or Normal Country? 15559: 15245: 15178:Alexander, Yonah; Hoenig, Milton (2007), 15141: 15139: 14982:. Praeger Security International Series. 14393:Journal of International and Area Studies 14358:British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 13833: 12985:Parks, Lisa; Kumar, Shanti, eds. (2003). 12878: 12817: 12775: 12237: 12129:. Praeger Security International Series. 11912: 11882:Sheehan, Ivan Sascha (12 December 2018). 11757: 11685:. Routledge/BIPS Persian Studies Series. 11498:. Cambridge University Press. p. 37. 11073: 10725: 10723: 10600: 10598: 10325:"US Praises Albania for MEK Resettlement" 9083: 8981: 8917:The A to Z of Middle Eastern Intelligence 8825: 8823: 8821: 8762: 8178: 8176: 7938: 7619: 7449:"Iran's rebels getting bolder day by day" 6986:. Cambridge University Press. p. 45. 6547:. U.S. Government Printing Office. 2011. 6115:, Cambridge University Press, p. 254 6110: 5685: 5683: 5171: 4549: 4161: 3002:Initially, the MEK used to criticize the 2924:members into South Yemen to fight in the 2765: 2259:Stichting Solidariteit met Iraanse Mensen 2251:General Intelligence and Security Service 2057:Learn how and when to remove this message 1960:Ideological revolution and women's rights 19885:Organization of Iranian People's Fedaian 19044:International Conference on Hollywoodism 18262:America can't do a damn thing against us 17881:Ambassadors of the United States to Iran 17871:Ambassadors of Iran to the United States 17295:Liberation of Iranian territories (1982) 16459:1979 Iranian Islamic Republic referendum 15565: 15093: 14828: 14659: 14531: 14384: 14175: 13801: 13430:"Delisting the Mujahideen-e-Khalq (MeK)" 12540: 12153: 11780: 11709: 10556: 10123: 9924: 9846: 9784: 9240:protected status granted by the US see: 8987: 8939: 8793: 8423:"Iran Rebels Hit Missions in 10 Nations" 8420: 8087: 7810:; David, Carr-Brown (14 November 2001), 7540:Costigan, Sean S.; Gold, David. (2016). 7378:. Oxford University Press. p. 214. 7371: 7124:Rubin, Barry; Judith Colp Rubin (2015), 6932:. Oxford University Press. p. 317. 6823: 6195:"Memo to Obama: They Are Not Terrorists" 6143: 6134: 5813: 5756:"Stichting: Wij steunen geen terrorisme" 5520: 5104:; David, Carr-Brown (14 November 2001), 4745: 4440: 4436: 4434: 4285: 4197: 3606:Order of battle during the Iran–Iraq War 3209:International Committee of the Red Cross 3038:unleashing his troops on the PLO in 1970 2998:Black September § Iranian guerillas 2913: 2787: 2681:United Nations Committee against Torture 2483: 2225:Charity Commission for England and Wales 2033:Relevant discussion may be found on the 1895: 1749: 1646: 1403:Iraqi government's crackdown (2009–2012) 1315: 1304:, while longtime MEK supporters such as 1059: 945: 562:United Nations Committee against Torture 19989:People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran 19880:People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran 19674:People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran 18759:People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran 16454:Consolidation of the Iranian Revolution 16240:People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran 16226:People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran 15972: 15768: 15456: 15444: 15130: 14505:Terrorism's War with America: A History 14313: 14227: 14201: 14188: 14150:. Associated Press. 29 September 2012. 14079: 13709: 13620: 13550: 13270: 13268: 13266: 13264: 13262: 13260: 13089: 12946: 12379:. SAGE Publications. pp. 384–386. 12280: 12181: 12080: 11958: 11881: 11508: 11478: 11403: 11393:, Indiana University Press, p. 254 11338: 11214: 11202: 11052: 10322: 9977: 9920: 9918: 9787:"Clashes at Iranian Exile Camp in Iraq" 9534: 9422: 8948: 8720: 8517:"29 arrested in immigration fraud ring" 8324: 8264: 8232: 8108: 8045: 7932: 7896: 7715: 7646: 7084: 7078: 7032: 7008: 6889: 6848: 6501: 6471: 6420: 6418: 6333: 6298: 6296: 5620: 5618: 5472:For MEK disarmament at Camp Ashraf see 5455: 5308: 5274: 5215:. University of Michigan. p. 105. 5007:"Iraqi Visits Iranian Leftist in Paris" 4938: 4702: 4610: 4514: 4482: 4340: 4263: 4149: 4132: 4090: 4078: 3976:The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 7 3824: 3611:Organizations of the Iranian Revolution 2543:Designated by the post-2003 government 2449:, one of Alavi's articles published by 1891: 1721:describing one of the case's suspects, 1632:, alleging that the MEK stirred up the 1575:was assassinated. Iranian Rear Admiral 1477:(a onetime U.S. base formerly known as 717:Killed by Marxist faction in 1975 purge 490:. On 20 June 1981, the MEK organized a 397:People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran 20134:National Council of Resistance of Iran 19981: 19326:Qatar–Saudi Arabia diplomatic conflict 18754:National Council of Resistance of Iran 17911:Iran Syria Policy and Operations Group 16245:National Council of Resistance of Iran 16091: 15997: 15932:from the original on 22 February 2016. 15514: 15473:. 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SAGE Publication. pp. 405–406. 7831: 7767:from the original on 24 September 2018 7748: 7615: 7613: 7584: 7446: 7422: 7332: 7254: 7090: 6824:Kingsley, Patrick (16 February 2020). 6635:"Chapter 6 -- Terrorist Organizations" 6534: 6477: 6453: 6192: 6091: 6072:, Adler & Adler Pub, p. 168, 6065: 6028: 5930: 5865:from the original on 17 September 2021 5778: 5680: 5582: 5128: 5094: 5088: 4993: 4892: 4830: 4751: 4645: 4376: 4370: 4011: 3485:National Council of Resistance of Iran 3239:Intelligence campaigns against the MEK 3141: 2904:National Council of Resistance of Iran 2891:the U.S. is using them against Iran." 2783:Court of Justice of the European Union 2760:National Council of Resistance of Iran 2315:United States Army Intelligence Center 2128:National Council of Resistance of Iran 2088:said the MEK had a "cult nature", and 2003: 1312:Post-U.S. invasion of Iraq (2003–2016) 1237: 974:National Council of Resistance of Iran 972:In July 1981, the MEK then formed the 889:Government of Islamic Republic of Iran 883:On June 20, 1981, the MEK organized a 825:The MEK refused to participate in the 703: 240:National Council of Resistance of Iran 20184:Political parties established in 1965 19719: 19185: 19101:American Institute of Iranian Studies 18680:Alleged violations of Treaty of Amity 18459:Leaked Mohammad Javad Zarif audiotape 17810: 16906: 16874:National Liberation Movement of Ahwaz 16819:Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan 16601: 16198: 16116:Ideology and Power in the Middle East 16112: 15858: 15834: 15799: 14290: 13979: 13961:from the original on 18 December 2016 13901: 13857:from the original on 16 November 2016 13842: 13783:"EU removes PMOI from terrorist list" 13638: 13581: 13457: 13440:from the original on 18 February 2017 13410:from the original on 20 December 2016 13378:from the original on 21 December 2016 13291:from the original on 20 December 2016 13274: 12987:Planet TV: A Global Television Reader 12805: 12678:, Federation of American Scientists, 12521:"'Tank girl' army accused of torture" 12518: 12362: 11983: 11959:Salhani, Claude Sascha (5 May 2008). 11913:Rafizadeh, Majid (18 November 2018). 11823: 11738:Khodabandeh, Massoud (January 2015). 11712:Empire of the Mind: A History of Iran 11608:Jones, Owen Bennett (15 April 2012). 11607: 11563: 11493: 11483:. 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Jamestown Foundation. 29 May 2008. 8246:from the original on 12 December 2018 8133:from the original on 15 December 2018 7794: 7700: 7640: 7572: 7258:Petro-Aggression: When Oil Causes War 6996: 6907: 6901: 6857: 6836:from the original on 16 February 2020 6426:"Chapter 6 – Terrorist Organizations" 6146:"COMMUNISM iii. In Persia after 1953" 5955: 5935:. Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO. p. 28. 5723: 5702:from the original on 31 December 2021 5396:"Behind the Mujahideen-e-Khalq (MeK)" 5358: 5275:Dehghan, Saeed Kamali (2 July 2018). 5257: 5204: 5202: 5167: 5165: 5163: 5124: 5122: 4570: 4431: 4399: 4334: 4312: 4176:from the original on 28 November 2022 4162:Rozenberg, Joshua (23 October 2008). 4120: 3935: 3886: 3450:'). The term is derived from the 3321:and 200 MEK members to enter France. 3286:Targeting of MEK members outside Iran 1072:In 1986, after French Prime Minister 647: 19706:Category:Iran–Saudi Arabia relations 19509:2011 alleged Iran assassination plot 18539:United States sanctions against Iran 18332:2011 alleged Iran assassination plot 18327:United States diplomatic cables leak 17876:Embassy of the United States, Tehran 16019: 15748:Radical Islam: The Iranian Mojahedin 15696:, Mehr News Agency, 11 February 2017 15598: 15260:from the original on 23 August 2018. 15145: 14556:from the original on 7 December 2022 13992:from the original on 6 February 2018 13943: 13919: 13895: 13883:from the original on 30 January 2017 13877:"Delisting of the Mujahedin-e Khalq" 13748: 13719:Runner, Philippa (26 January 2009). 13621:McGreal, Chris (21 September 2011). 13602:from the original on 1 November 2021 13470:from the original on 1 November 2021 13427: 13257: 13241:from the original on 29 January 2017 13153:Theodoulou, Michael (26 July 2011). 13104:from the original on 25 October 2021 12776:Hosenball, Mark (13 February 2005), 12745: 12728:from the original on 2 December 2021 12642: 12004:from the original on 3 November 2021 11925:from the original on 22 October 2020 11894:from the original on 24 October 2020 11416:from the original on 6 November 2021 11085:from the original on 16 January 2024 11022:from the original on 26 October 2022 10990:from the original on 26 October 2022 10899:from the original on 28 October 2020 10870:from the original on 20 October 2021 10839:from the original on 6 November 2021 10647:from the original on 20 October 2021 10616:from the original on 31 January 2021 10544:from the original on 18 October 2021 10429:from the original on 2 January 2018. 10393:. On Assignment with Richard Engel. 10323:Dockins, Pamela (14 February 2016), 9965:from the original on 3 February 2014 9939:from the original on 2 February 2017 9915: 9877:from the original on 22 October 2012 9464:from the original on 26 January 2021 9431:from the original on 28 October 2021 9268: 9250:Journal of Conflict and Security Law 9147:from the original on 1 November 2021 9109:from the original on 1 November 2021 8952:The Complete Infidel's Guide to Iran 8894:from the original on 24 October 2021 8806:from the original on 22 October 2021 8741:from the original on 5 February 2009 8676:"Paris police target Iranian groups" 8421:Mcfadden, Robert D. (6 April 1992). 8069:from the original on 10 October 2014 7754: 7727: 7628:from the original on 13 January 2024 7527: 7502: 7484:from the original on 2 November 2021 7434: 7353:from the original on 5 November 2023 6927: 6415: 6315:from the original on 6 November 2021 6293: 6144:Ḥaqšenās, Torāb (27 October 2011) . 5897:from the original on 28 October 2021 5824: 5615: 5529:from the original on 3 November 2021 5287:from the original on 28 October 2021 5041: 4950: 4913:from the original on 5 November 2023 4776:from the original on 5 November 2023 4585:from the original on 1 November 2021 4341:Torbati, Yeganeh (16 January 2017), 4198:Campbell, Matthew (22 August 2021). 3955:Sazegara, Mohsen; Stephan, Maria J. 3864:from the original on 6 November 2021 3489:National Resistance Movement of Iran 3254:1994 Imam Reza shrine bomb explosion 2909: 2350:is hoping to utilize MEK members as 2244:social welfare benefits for children 2007: 1813:The MEK's ideology of revolutionary 1607:Relationship during Trump presidency 1583:Settlement in Albania (2016–present) 917:, the party's secretary-general and 894: 885:large-scale protest against Khomeini 752:solidarity with the people of Dhofar 436:Sâzmân-ye Mojâhedin-ye Khalğ-ye Irân 251:National Liberation Army (1987–2003) 20104:Islamic socialist political parties 19659:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation 19251:Ambassadors of Saudi Arabia to Iran 19241:Ambassadors of Iran to Saudi Arabia 18280:Lawrence Franklin espionage scandal 15526: 14698:from the original on 1 October 2021 14542:. Ashgate Publishing. p. 174. 14202:Iriarte, Daniel (15 January 2019). 13843:Quinn, Andrew (28 September 2012). 13821:from the original on 9 January 2015 13789:from the original on 3 January 2013 13727:from the original on 3 January 2013 13686:from the original on 7 January 2021 12966:from the original on 8 October 2022 12879:Cordesman, Anthony H., ed. (1999), 12453: 12429:"Country Reports on Terrorism 2011" 11783:"Terrorist Organizations Are Cults" 11650:from the original on 8 October 2022 10678:from the original on 11 August 2019 10532:Broder, Jonathan (27 August 2019). 10484:from the original on 22 June 2018, 10160: 10111:from the original on 1 October 2021 8682:from the original on 6 October 2021 8548:Rosenzweig, David (17 March 1999). 8303:from the original on 3 October 2015 7610: 7447:Dorsey, James (15 September 1981), 6615:from the original on 25 August 2021 6572:killings of Americans, was executed 6390: 6302: 6162:from the original on 23 August 2021 5690:MICHAEL ISIKOFF (12 October 2004). 5309:Farrokh, Kaveh (20 December 2011). 5175:Strategic Survey of the Middle East 5019:from the original on 16 August 2021 4634:twenty-seven members of the Majles. 4057:from the original on 24 August 2024 3776: 3683:United States Department of Defense 3478:By other Iranian opposition parties 3436: 2717:tried to remove the group from the 2490:List of designated terrorist groups 2465:. Since the article's publication, 1651:John Bolton speaking at a MEK event 1519:, which was later confirmed by the 852:Aftermath of the Iranian Revolution 424: 13: 19637:Arab–Israeli alliance against Iran 19622:Iran and state-sponsored terrorism 19617:Iran–Saudi Arabia football rivalry 19554:Abha International Airport attacks 19049:Iran and state-sponsored terrorism 18911:Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran 18119:Arab–Israeli alliance against Iran 17994:Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action 17901:Iran–United States Claims Tribunal 16735:Worker-Communist Party – Hekmatist 16494:Timeline of the Iranian Revolution 16449:1980 Iranian presidential election 16106:10.1111/j.1949-3606.1994.tb00535.x 15576:. pp. 289–293. Archived from 15215:"Iran's Spies Tried to Recruit Me" 14918: 14452: 14228:Herrera, Elena (14 January 2019). 14062:from the original on 31 March 2018 13551:Elliott, Justin (31 August 2012). 13458:Shane, Scott (21 September 2012). 12597:from the original on 14 March 2021 12435:from the original on 1 August 2022 12182:Forrest, Adam (2 September 2014). 12106:from the original on 10 April 2019 10930:from the original on 26 April 2021 10254:Borger, Julian (12 January 2012). 10235:from the original on 24 March 2021 9986: 9785:Williams, Timothy (29 July 2009). 9535:Kroeger, Alex (12 December 2006). 9097:Shane, Scott (21 September 2012). 8775:from the original on 22 April 2019 7984:from the original on 15 March 2023 7677:from the original on 20 April 2023 7657:The SAGE Encyclopedia of Terrorism 6428:. U.S. Department of State. 2007. 6047:from the original on 10 March 2021 6034: 5625:Jalil Roshandel, Alethia H. Cook. 5373:from the original on 28 April 2011 5199: 5160: 5119: 4212:from the original on 8 August 2022 3973: 3916: 3787:Historical Dictionary of Terrorism 3030:Palestinie Liberation Organization 2976:Hyeran Jo, associate professor of 2928:against Omani and Iranian forces. 1678:Iran and state-sponsored terrorism 1674:Iranian diplomat terror plot trial 1521:International Atomic Energy Agency 982:bombed the Prime Minister's office 862:1980 Iranian presidential election 713:Arrested in 1972, executed in 1975 268: 14: 20215: 20109:Left-wing militant groups in Iran 20009:Islamic political parties in Iran 19873:Related parties and organizations 19519:2017 Lebanon–Saudi Arabia dispute 19348:Saudi-led intervention in Bahrain 18734:Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps 18711:National Iranian American Council 18674:Rubin v. Islamic Republic of Iran 18633:Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act 18474:August 2021 Gulf of Oman incident 17866:Embassy of Iran, Washington, D.C. 16932: 16698:Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas 16681:Union of People's Fedaian of Iran 16155: 15246:Riechmann, Deb (23 August 2016). 14789:from the original on 25 May 2022. 14260:from the original on 8 March 2021 14189:Meneses, Rosa (24 January 2019). 14154:from the original on 8 March 2018 13906:, Cengage Learning, p. 239, 13639:Hersh, Seymour M (5 April 2012). 13563:from the original on 27 July 2023 13496:from the original on 13 June 2013 13348:from the original on 11 June 2021 13316:from the original on 27 July 2020 12758:from the original on 8 March 2021 12466:from the original on 6 April 2018 12217:. Hurst Publishers. p. 198. 12086: 11971:from the original on 22 June 2015 11838:from the original on 5 March 2016 11824:Rubin, Elizabeth (13 July 2003). 11578:from the original on 6 April 2018 11358:from the original on 10 June 2021 11253:from the original on 8 March 2018 10809:from the original on 8 March 2021 10510:from the original on 30 June 2018 10451:from the original on 7 March 2021 9903:from the original on 27 June 2018 9859:from the original on 22 May 2023. 9621:from the original on 30 June 2022 9573:from the original on 11 June 2017 9537:"EU unfreezes Iran group's funds" 9313:Shane, Scott (27 November 2011). 9022:from the original on 7 April 2023 9014:Graff, James (14 December 2006). 8868:from the original on 29 June 2021 8830:Rubin, Elizabeth (13 July 2003). 8794:Sciolino, Elaine (18 June 2003). 8731:"France investigates Iran exiles" 8708:from the original on 29 June 2021 8494:from the original on 15 July 2019 8228:from the original on 25 May 2022. 8194:from the original on 5 April 2017 7852:from the original on 27 June 2023 7755:Cody, Edward (23 December 2010). 7649:"Mujahideen-e-Khalq Organization" 6205:from the original on 8 March 2021 6193:Tanter, Raymond (8 August 2009). 5833:from the original on 8 April 2020 5768:from the original on 20 May 2019. 5603:from the original on 27 June 2023 5589:. SAGE Publication. p. 405. 5359:Graff, James (14 December 2006). 5129:Buchan, James (15 October 2013). 4752:Newton, Michael (17 April 2014). 4674: 4317:, Cengage Learning, p. 239, 3657:passed to his wife Maryam Rajavi. 3167:(HRW) issued a report describing 3019:Israeli–Palestinian peace process 2888:National Iranian American Council 2382:and Wilfried Buchta, and others. 2342:American government sources told 2317:, states that the MEK operates a 1487:UN High Commissioner for Refugees 1261:In response, 40 supporters began 1001:Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps 936:United States Department of State 866:1980 Iranian legislative election 20034:Banned political parties in Iran 20004:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict 19964: 19963: 19701: 19700: 19649:Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition 19502:2019 Saudi Arabia mass execution 19487:2016 Saudi Arabia mass execution 19482:2011–2012 Saudi Arabian protests 19223: 19213: 19168: 19167: 18971:Iranian Guantanamo Bay detainees 18285:Disappearance of Robert Levinson 18156:Assassination of Qasem Soleimani 18146:Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition 18141:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict 17848: 17838: 17793: 17792: 16584: 16583: 16255:National Democratic Front (Iran) 16182: 16170: 15684: 15657: 15630: 15592: 15520: 15490: 15462: 15393: 15384: 15375: 15353: 15332: 15312: 15286: 15264: 15239: 15206: 15063: 15020: 15000: 14971: 14941: 14912: 14885: 14855: 14843:from the original on 22 May 2023 14829:Abouzeid, Rania (29 July 2009). 14822: 14793: 14769: 14739: 14678: 14653: 14628: 14495: 14446: 14434:from the original on 25 May 2023 14403: 14349: 14284: 14242: 14134: 14108: 14092:from the original on 19 May 2018 14073: 14043: 14015:Slavin, Barbara (1 March 2011), 14008: 13973: 13869: 13775: 13761: 13665: 13614: 13582:Merat, Arron (9 November 2018). 13575: 13544: 13508: 13482: 13451: 13421: 13360: 13302: 13222: 13206:from the original on 29 May 2018 13186: 13146: 13134:from the original on 19 May 2023 13116: 13090:Hussain, Murtaza (9 June 2019). 13066:from the original on 19 May 2023 13046: 13007: 12978: 12922: 12872: 12848: 12811: 12769: 12739: 12705: 12665: 12636: 12608: 12578: 12478: 12447: 12421: 12393: 12332:from the original on 7 July 2024 12312: 12256: 12231: 12206: 12194:from the original on 5 July 2023 12175: 12118: 12048: 12016: 11952: 11906: 11875: 11850: 11817: 11774: 11731: 11703: 11674: 11632: 11601: 11557: 11517: 11502: 11487: 11472: 11397: 11382: 11314: 11282: 11235: 11046: 11002: 10972: 10942: 10911: 10881: 10851: 10821: 10791: 10771: 10753: 10690: 10659: 10628: 10583:from the original on 25 May 2023 10525: 10433: 10409: 10397:from the original on 28 May 2018 10378: 10353:Mackey, Robert (23 March 2018), 10346: 10316: 10286: 10247: 10217: 10185: 10142:from the original on 24 May 2019 10092: 10061: 10049:from the original on 29 May 2021 9951: 9889: 9863: 9847:Abouzeid, Rania (29 July 2009). 9840: 9809: 9797:from the original on 22 May 2023 9778: 9766:from the original on 22 May 2023 9748: 9720: 9689: 9677:from the original on 8 June 2019 9659: 9633: 9603: 9585: 9555: 9528: 9501: 9476: 9416: 9389: 9363: 9343:Milani, Abbas (18 August 2011). 9336: 9306: 9183: 9135:Merat, Arron (9 November 2018). 9049: 9007: 8969:from the original on 25 May 2023 8906: 8880: 8854: 8787: 8694: 8668: 8637: 8593:from the original on 25 May 2023 8559:from the original on 25 May 2023 8482:Billingham, Neil (6 June 2014). 8475: 8463:from the original on 7 July 2018 8445: 8380: 8368:from the original on 8 June 2021 8348: 8258: 8026: 8008: 7966: 7954: 7825: 7800: 7779: 7721: 7578: 7496: 7470: 7459:from the original on 1 June 2022 7440: 7392:from the original on 25 May 2023 7365: 7326: 7314:from the original on 25 May 2023 7287: 7275:from the original on 25 May 2023 7248: 7236:from the original on 27 May 2019 7212: 7198: 7144: 7126:Chronologies of Modern Terrorism 7026: 6975: 6645:from the original on 9 July 2021 6597: 6577: 6561:from the original on 25 May 2023 6522:from the original on 25 May 2023 6505:The Mystery of Contemporary Iran 6502:Shirali, Mahnaz (28 July 2017). 6495: 6432:from the original on 27 May 2019 6384: 6357:from the original on 25 May 2023 6340:The Mystery of Contemporary Iran 6327: 6268: 5668:from the original on 25 May 2023 5066:from the original on 26 May 2023 4971:from the original on 26 May 2023 4733:from the original on 25 May 2023 4571:Merat, Arron (9 November 2018). 4461:from the original on 25 May 2023 3731: 3722: 3585: 3571: 3171:camps run by the MEK and severe 3044:Relations with the United States 2966:Joint Special Operations Command 2854:Coordinator for Counterterrorism 2667: 2645: 2624: 2606: 2588: 2570: 2552: 2531: 2509: 2121: 2100:terrorist cult". According to a 2069:The MEK has been described as a 2012: 1385:European Court of First Instance 984:, killing the elected President 659:MEK's central committee members 594: 585: 343: 334: 38: 19434:Saudi-led intervention in Yemen 19246:Embassy of Saudi Arabia, Tehran 19009:Anti-American sentiment in Iran 18489:2023 Northeastern Syria clashes 18469:July 2021 Gulf of Oman incident 18412:June 2019 Gulf of Oman incident 18129:February 2019 Warsaw Conference 16691:Fedaian Organisation (Minority) 16026:Khomeini: Life of the Ayatollah 15711: 14949:Foreign and Commonwealth Office 14338:from the original on 6 May 2021 13904:Terrorism and Homeland Security 13428:Brew, Nigel (5 December 2012), 13372:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 12682:from the original on 6 May 2021 12558:Federal Bureau of Investigation 11714:. Hachette Books. p. 272. 10447:(in Albanian). 24 August 2018. 9645:Center for Human Rights in Iran 9377:from the original on 2 May 2019 9351:from the original on 6 May 2021 9190:de Boer, T.; Zieck, M. (2014). 8059:"The Bloody Red Summer of 1988" 7478:"Iran: Secret agent was bomber" 6920:(8). The Jamestown Foundation. 6104: 6085: 6059: 5924: 5877: 5845: 5772: 5748: 5637: 5576: 5514: 5035: 4999: 4987: 4944: 4886: 4824: 4601: 4441:Svensson, Isak (1 April 2013). 4315:Terrorism and Homeland Security 4191: 4155: 4039: 4005: 3986: 3967: 3948: 3929: 3713: 3703: 3678:, 5,000 fighters based in Iraq. 3672:According to a 2003 article by 3536: 3267:Iran's Ministry of Intelligence 2945:'s foreign intelligence agency 2817:Foreign Terrorist Organizations 2274:Federal Bureau of Investigation 2246:of its members sent to Europe. 1448:Supreme Iraqi Criminal Tribunal 1167:Post-war Saddam era (1988–2003) 1126:1988 execution of MEK prisoners 909:headquarters was bombed in the 560:by Iran and Iraq. In 2008, the 26:People's Mojahedin Organization 19544:May 2019 Gulf of Oman incident 18608:Iran Sanctions Enhancement Act 18407:May 2019 Gulf of Oman incident 18392:Kidnapping of Hossein Alikhani 18052:United States support for Iraq 17896:Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs 16659:National Council of Resistance 15213:Harris, Shane (15 June 2015). 13980:Shane, Scott (13 March 2012), 13749:John, Mark (26 January 2009). 12778:"LOOKING FOR A FEW GOOD SPIES" 12746:Sass, Erik (2 November 2005), 12712:Connor Norris (27 July 2008), 12325:University of Central Arkansas 11564:Rogin, Josh (25 August 2011), 10858:Irish, John (9 October 2020), 10635:Irish, John (9 October 2020). 10385:Engel, Richard (25 May 2018). 10099:Bruck, Connie (6 March 2006). 8890:. Reuters. 17 September 2014. 7974:"The Gulf: Fraternal Drubbing" 7261:. Cambridge University Press. 5692:"Terror Watch: Shades of Gray" 3910: 3892: 3643: 3391: 3356:issuing a condemnation of the 3146:In 2006, Iraqi Prime Minister 2230:In December 2001, a joint FBI- 2176: 2096:have described it as a cult. 1466:. The MEK denied the charges. 860:and MEK members to run in the 492:demonstration against Khomeini 480:1979 constitutional referendum 447:became about overthrowing the 413:Mojahedin-e-Khalq Organization 1: 20204:Syncretic political movements 20114:Left-wing nationalist parties 19642:Warsaw Middle East conference 19439:Houthi–Saudi Arabian conflict 18479:2021 U.S.–Iran naval incident 17146:1974–75 Shatt al-Arab clashes 16469:20 June 1981 Iranian protests 16368:Gholamreza Khosravi Savadjani 16094:Digest of Middle East Studies 15876:10.1080/00263206.2018.1478813 13202:. 29 August 1976. p. 1. 12834:10.1080/01402390.2017.1283613 8019:. Routledge. pp. 246–7. 7453:The Christian Science Monitor 4294:. Routledge. pp. 36–37. 3919:The Rise and Fall of the Shah 3825:Chehabi, Houchang E. (1990). 3752: 3386: 3328:'s spokesman was murdered in 2772:Council of the European Union 2153: 2079:Islamic Consultative Assembly 1489:on the resettlement project. 1279:Pierre de Bousquet de Florian 808:Islamic Republic of Iran Army 537:, and the suppression of the 283: 20089:Iran–United States relations 19828:Abdul-Karim Mousavi Ardebili 19397:Iranian intervention in Iraq 19295:Arab separatism in Khuzestan 18603:Iran Freedom and Support Act 18588:Iran and Libya Sanctions Act 18322:Detention of American hikers 18246:1980 October Surprise theory 17845:Iran–United States relations 17451:Iranian offensives (1985–87) 17339:Iranian offensives (1982–84) 15724:Iran Between Two Revolutions 14660:Tromblay, Darren E. (2018). 14502:Piszkiewicz, Dennis (2003), 14370:10.1080/13530194.2014.942081 14080:Tabrizy, Nilo (7 May 2018), 13879:. U.S. Department of State. 12821:Journal of Strategic Studies 12519:Leigh, David (30 May 2005). 11798:(2): 156–186. Archived from 8644:Berman, Ilan (5 July 2019). 8269:. Basic Books. p. 109. 7832:Martin, Gus (15 June 2011). 7728:Shay, Shaul (October 1994). 7039:. Basic Books. p. 123. 6908:Mahan, Abedin (5 May 2005). 6309:Council on Foreing Relations 6096:, I.B. Tauris, p. 118, 5583:Martin, Gus (15 June 2011). 5042:Shay, Shaul (October 1994). 4951:Shay, Shaul (October 1994). 4186:Iran's main opposition group 3829:. I.B. Tauris. p. 211. 3621:List of cults of personality 2856:between 2009 and 2012, told 2762:rejected these allegations. 2270:human rights victims in Iran 1011:were killed by MEK members. 872:, elected in January 1980. 7: 20084:Iran–Soviet Union relations 20079:Iran–Saudi Arabia relations 20024:1965 establishments in Iran 19220:Iran–Saudi Arabia relations 18724:United Against Nuclear Iran 18300:Kidnapping of Jalal Sharafi 16069:Vahabzadeh, Peyman (2010). 15891:Fayazmanesh, Sasan (2008). 15060:, pp. 2, 143–144, 256. 13902:White, Jonathan R. (2016), 13772:. Common Market Law Review. 13275:Smith, Ben (7 March 2016), 13022:University Press of America 13014:Kazemzadeh, Masoud (2002). 12238:Hantschel, Allison (2005). 11888:International Policy Digest 11745:Asian Politics & Policy 8921:. Scarecrow Press. p. 8387:Atkins, Stephen E. (2004). 8155:Abrahamian, Ervand (1999). 7036:The reign of the ayatollahs 6882:For the MEK support of the 6111:Zanchetta, Barbara (2013), 5569:, E 08 XIV4; HR/CAT/PUB/1, 4831:Atkins, Stephen E. (2004). 4646:Atkins, Stephen E. (2004). 4313:White, Jonathan R. (2016), 3993:"Mujahedin-e Khalq (MEK)". 3564: 2754:and former U.N. Ambassador 2459:Donald Trump Administration 2400:In an article published by 2369:Propaganda and social media 2039:conditions to do so are met 1900:MEK demonstrators carrying 1871:' and destroy all forms of 1744: 543:mass execution of prisoners 435: 18:Political party in Iran 10: 20220: 19689:Shia Islam in Saudi Arabia 19632:Arab League–Iran relations 19627:Iran–Israel proxy conflict 19529:2018 Riyadh missile strike 19417:Operation Blow to the Head 19156:Not for the Faint of Heart 19131:Saint Peter Church, Tehran 19106:American School of Isfahan 19069:State Sponsor of Terrorism 18643:Dames & Moore v. Regan 18484:2022 Erbil missile attacks 18176:Operation Martyr Soleimani 18166:Thirteen revenge scenarios 18136:Iran–Israel proxy conflict 16177:People's Mujahedin of Iran 16048:O'Hern, Steven K. (2012). 15599:Lake, Eli (19 June 2018). 15566:Khonsari, Mehrdad (1995). 14925:Cambridge University Press 14806:Greenwood Publishing Group 13492:. CNN. 28 September 2012. 12887:Greenwood Publishing Group 12647:. Zed Books. p. 173. 11710:Axworthy, Michael (2008). 11681:Cronin, Stephanie (2013). 11509:Zartman, Jonathan (2020). 11389:Mohanty, A. Russo (1991), 9667:"Iran hangs two activists" 9065:. September 2005. p. 7372:Axworthy, Michael (2016). 6862:. Routledge. p. 125. 6343:. Transaction Publishers. 5825:Harb, Ali (17 July 2019). 5209:Alaolmolki, Nozar (1991). 3980:Cambridge University Press 3923:Princeton University Press 3540: 3294:. On 24 February 1990, Dr 2995: 2960:In April 2012, journalist 2743:; former Vermont Governor 2487: 2310:and translation services. 2117:Structure and organization 2107:United Press International 1705:2017–2018 Iranian protests 1671: 1517:a facility located in Arak 1496: 1406: 1289:in cash in their offices. 1258:, were kept in detention. 1170: 1129: 1045: 961: 898: 849: 787: 651: 571: 488:1980 presidential election 19960: 19939: 19923: 19872: 19851: 19810: 19787:Mohammad Mohammadi Gilani 19769: 19753: 19697: 19609: 19567: 19492:Execution of Nimr al-Nimr 19464: 19290:1979 Khuzestan insurgency 19275: 19259: 19233: 19165: 18994:1998 FIFA World Cup match 18986: 18688: 18593:Iran Nonproliferation Act 18544:Maximum pressure campaign 18529: 18442:2021 Erbil rocket attacks 18191: 18039: 17919: 17858: 17790: 17734: 17670: 17573: 17450: 17338: 17294: 17271: 17193: 17116: 17109: 16940: 16882: 16849:Kurdistan Free Life Party 16811: 16781: 16753: 16713:Workers Left Unity – Iran 16644: 16635: 16581: 16548: 16522: 16504:Foreign relations of Iran 16484:2013 Camp Ashraf massacre 16406: 16268: 16232: 16129:10.1515/9780822381501-014 16077:Syracuse University Press 16005:. Yale University Press. 15844:. Sussex Academic Press. 15804:". In Gold, David (ed.). 15625:Harmon & Bowdish 2018 15070:Buchta, Wilfried (2000), 14957:. The Stationery Office. 12991:New York University Press 12929:Buchta, Wilfried (2000), 12917:Harmon & Bowdish 2018 12855:Buchta, Wilfried (2000), 12748:"With Friends Like These" 12351:Harmon & Bowdish 2018 11861:. Iran Policy Committee. 11781:Banisadr, Masoud (2009). 11467:Harmon & Bowdish 2018 11230:Harmon & Bowdish 2018 11062:Estudios de Asia y África 10569:. McFarland. p. 49. 10566:Terrorism Worldwide, 2018 10074:. HarperCollins. p. 10045:. Middle East Eye (MEE). 9523:Harmon & Bowdish 2018 9373:. Financial Times. 2018. 8864:. NY Times. 12 May 2011. 8646:"Making Sense of The MeK" 8088:Siavoshi, Sussan (2017). 8036:(1999), pp. 246–247. 7595:10.1007/978-3-319-31018-3 7101:10.1007/978-3-319-31018-3 6773:10.1080/01436598708419964 6478:Gibson, Bryan R. (2016), 3936:Emery, Christian (2013). 3383:and another one in Iraq. 3152:Iraqi Ministry of Justice 2898:as one of its lobbyists. 2640: 2547: 2504: 2495:Assignment of designation 2445:'s website. According to 2354:or give them training as 2291:Intelligence capabilities 1611:In 2017, the year before 750:actions had been to show 696: 693: 688: 685: 680: 669: 666: 370: 361: 356: 328: 323: 312: 302: 290: 276: 255: 247: 235: 223: 132: 122: 114: 96: 82: 70: 54: 46: 37: 23: 20049:Factions in the Iraq War 19994:Banned socialist parties 19669:Gulf Cooperation Council 19444:Houthi takeover in Yemen 19412:Operation Scorched Earth 19338:2011 Egyptian revolution 19111:Community School, Tehran 18871:Ezedin Abdel Aziz Khalil 18749:National Council of Iran 18744:Kingdom Assembly of Iran 18663:Bank Markazi v. Peterson 18422:2019 K-1 Air Base attack 18337:Strait of Hormuz dispute 18270:Beirut barracks bombings 18226:Operation Credible Sport 18102:Operation Praying Mantis 17942:1953 Iranian coup d'état 17757:Iranian aerial victories 16803:Kingdom Assembly of Iran 16791:National Council of Iran 16763:Glorious Frontiers Party 16725:Socialist Workers' Party 16509:2011 raid on Camp Ashraf 16398:Alejo Vidal-Quadras Roca 14410:Hunter, Shireen (2010). 13785:. UPI. 26 January 2009. 13160:The National (Abu Dhabi) 11857:Tanter, Raymond (2006). 11513:. ABC-CLIO. p. 209. 11479:Kamrava, Mehran (2008). 11053:Garduño, Moises (2016). 10229:U.S. Department of State 9961:. CNN. 9 February 2013. 9728: 9238:Fourth Geneva Convention 8949:Spencer, Robert (2016). 8265:Bernard, Cheryl (2015). 7945:Harvard University Press 7620:Singleton, Anne (2003). 7333:Newton, Michael (2014). 7128:, Routledge, p. 246 6609:U.S. Department of State 5178:. Brassey's. p. 7. 5172:Al-Hassan, Omar (1989). 4899:. ABC-CLIO. p. 27. 4893:Newton, Michael (2014). 4611:Sinkaya, Bayram (2015). 4264:Ostovar, Afshon (2016). 3636: 3601:Guerrilla groups of Iran 3497:U.S. Department of State 3358:Islamic Republic of Iran 3249:Islamic Republican Party 3225:Mao-style self-criticism 3129:As Mukasey mentioned in 2978:Texas A&M University 2358:for use against Tehran. 2219:The MEK also operated a 1931:U.S. Department of State 1775:that would combat world 1634:2017–18 Iranian protests 1624:phoned French president 1493:Iran's nuclear programme 1354:Fourth Geneva Convention 1324:In May 2003, during the 907:Islamic Republican Party 878:Islamic Republican Party 831:Islamic Republican Party 810:, in order to prevent a 496:Islamic Republican Party 478:. The MEK boycotted the 461:Freedom Movement of Iran 425:سازمان مجاهدین خلق ایران 127:Freedom Movement of Iran 28: 20064:Guerrilla organizations 19910:Communist Party of Iran 19451:Second Libyan civil war 19331:Qatar diplomatic crisis 18613:Kyl–Lieberman Amendment 18360:Nuclear program of Iran 18097:Operation Nimble Archer 18082:Operation Eager Glacier 17056:non-state participants 16844:Kurdistan Freedom Party 16796:Constitutionalist Party 16424:Execution of Ali Saremi 16388:Mohammad Ali Haj Aghaei 15966:10.7864/j.ctt1vjqr1x.11 15769:Cimment, James (2011). 15184:, Praeger, p. 22, 13926:Dawson, Andrew (2016), 13310:"テロリスト等に対する資産凍結等措置について" 12213:Ansari, Ali M. (2006). 11321:Paidar, Parvin (2008), 11075:10.24201/eaa.v51i1.2184 10563:O'Hern, Steven (2019). 10068:Hersh, Seymour (2004). 9873:. UPI. 25 August 2009. 9871:"PMOI on hunger strike" 9525:, pp. 8–9, 12, 14. 9277:Oxford University Press 9244:Wills, Siobhán (2010). 8342:7 November 2015 at the 7651:. In Martin, G. (ed.). 7647:Pearson, Erica (2011). 6982:Mahmoud Pargoo (2012). 6670:. Infobase Publishing. 6092:Steele, Robert (2021), 4036:, p. 100, 167–168. 3398:1979 Iranian revolution 3173:human rights violations 2964:reported that the U.S. 2852:who held office as the 1558:Israel's secret service 1460:crimes against humanity 1413:2013 Camp Ashraf attack 1393:Mohammad Ali Haj Aghaei 577:Early years (1965–1971) 547:nuclear program of Iran 472:1979 Iranian Revolution 292:Political position 90:Ali-Asghar Badi'zadegan 19524:2017–2020 Qatif unrest 19360:First Libyan civil war 19343:2011 Bahraini uprising 19319:Action of June 5, 1984 19136:Tehran American School 19019:CIA activities in Iran 18689:Groups and individuals 18668:Certain Iranian Assets 18658:United States v. Banki 18397:Arrest of Meng Wanzhou 18181:2020 Camp Taji attacks 18092:Operation Prime Chance 18087:Operation Earnest Will 17947:Abadan Crisis Timeline 17762:Iraqi aerial victories 17747:Iraqi chemical weapons 16730:Worker-Communist Party 16489:Albania–Iran relations 16187:Quotations related to 15938:Harmon, Christopher C. 15864:Middle Eastern Studies 14291:Zabir, Sepehr (2012). 11494:Byman, Daniel (2005). 11404:Hassani, Sara (2016). 9483:Semati, Mehdi (2007). 8955:. Simon and Schuster. 8296:. Judicial Office UK. 7812:La République atomique 7033:Bakhash, Saul (1990). 6928:Boon, Kristen (2012). 6858:Zabir, Sepehr (2011). 5779:Erlich, Reese (2018). 5521:Khanlari, Sam (2018). 5311:Iran at War: 1500–1988 5106:La République atomique 3500:its designation of a " 3360:for political murder. 2920: 2808: 2766:Removal of designation 2739:; New York City Mayor 2463:sanctions against Iran 2258: 1905: 1889: 1682:Albania–Iran relations 1652: 1505:Iran's nuclear program 1464:1991 uprisings in Iraq 1431:Hillary Rodham Clinton 1321: 1173:1991 uprisings in Iraq 1155:Since the executions, 1069: 990:Mohammad Javad Bahonar 959: 956:Mohammad-Javad Bahonar 778:Rockwell International 558:terrorist organization 539:1991 uprisings in Iraq 102:; 59 years ago 20199:Republicanism in Iran 20074:Iran–Israel relations 20059:France–Iran relations 19859:Hussein-Ali Montazeri 19782:Mostafa Pourmohammadi 19559:Abqaiq–Khurais attack 19477:Khobar Towers bombing 19370:Hezbollah involvement 19353:insurgency in Bahrain 19054:Iranian frozen assets 18876:Shahrzad Mirgholikhan 18583:Executive Order 13876 18578:Executive Order 13780 18561:Executive Order 13769 18556:Executive Order 12172 18551:Executive Order 12170 18516:Tower 22 drone attack 18275:Khobar Towers bombing 18221:Guadeloupe Conference 16514:2023 Tirana camp raid 16474:2003 invasion of Iraq 16439:Operation Shining Sun 16434:Operation Forty Stars 16121:Duke University Press 15948:Brookings Institution 15818:10.4324/9781315612140 15783:10.4324/9781315697994 14635:Tarock, Adam (1998). 14332:The National Interest 13767:Spaventa, E. (2009). 12320:"Iran (1905-present)" 11791:Cultic Studies Review 11018:. 23 September 2022. 9347:. National Interest. 8393:. Greenwood. p. 8188:Amnesty International 7544:. London: Routledge. 7255:Colgan, Jeff (2013). 6761:Third World Quarterly 6066:Taheri, Amir (1986), 4837:. Greenwood. p. 4652:. Greenwood. p. 3513:monarchist opposition 3418:Brookings Institution 2917: 2791: 2719:U.S. State Department 2484:Terrorist designation 2380:Christopher C. Harmon 2313:A 2008 report by the 2132:umbrella organization 1899: 1841: 1750:Before the revolution 1650: 1409:2011 Camp Ashraf raid 1319: 1157:Amnesty International 1097:Operation Forty Stars 1063: 1056:Operation Forty Stars 1046:Further information: 978:umbrella organization 962:Further information: 949: 919:Chief Justice of Iran 905:On June 28 1981, the 739:Pan-American Airlines 616:Mohammad Reza Pahlavi 531:Operation Forty Stars 468:Mohammad Reza Pahlavi 100:5 September 1965 20039:Cults of personality 19890:Fedaian Organisation 19811:Influential sponsors 19684:Shia–Sunni relations 19601:United Arab Emirates 19456:Western Iran clashes 19385:Spillover in Lebanon 18976:Abdul Majid Muhammed 18701:Iran–America Society 18447:2021 Natanz incident 18437:2020 Iran explosions 18231:Operation Eagle Claw 18193:Incidents after 1979 18004:Joint Plan of Action 17932:Persian Gulf Command 16419:Trial of Hamid Nouri 16318:Mohammad-Reza Kolahi 16179:at Wikimedia Commons 16123:. pp. 241–258. 15736:10.2307/j.ctv1fkgcnz 15728:Princeton University 13406:, 20 December 2012, 12660:the Mukhabarat, D18. 12560:, 29 November 2004, 12493:Taylor & Francis 12299:the political branch 12133:. pp. 325–326. 12036:on 18 September 2020 11826:"The Cult of Rajavi" 10737:. 8 September 2022. 10300:. 30 November 2020. 9569:. 29 December 2010. 9512:. 1993. p. E-1. 9460:. 9 September 2016. 9269:Said, Wadie (2015). 8832:"The Cult of Rajavi" 8457:The Associated Press 8242:. 12 December 2018. 8157:Tortured Confessions 7663:. pp. 405–406. 7503:Hiro, Dilip (2013). 6276:Tortured Confessions 6274:Abrahamian, Ervand, 6155:Encyclopædia Iranica 5652:Taylor & Francis 5402:on 28 September 2009 3974:Hambly, Gavin R. G. 3616:Trial of Hamid Nouri 3177:solitary confinement 2661:on 21 December 2001 2505:Currently listed by 2386:in those countries. 2376:Anthony H. Cordesman 2187:Oil-for-Food program 1892:After the revolution 1662:Trump administration 1564:in the Middle East, 1483:UN Secretary-General 1377:Vision of Resistance 1248:Jean-Louis Bruguière 1185:nationwide uprisings 1136:Following the MEK's 1106:Near the end of the 994:Revolutionary Guards 705:Killed in action by 698:Majid Sharif Vaghefi 631:Douglas MacArthur II 525:in Iraq. During the 20094:Iranian nationalism 20069:Iran–Iraq relations 20014:Iran hostage crisis 19947:Mothers of Khavaran 19895:Tudeh Party of Iran 19797:Asadollah Lajevardi 19472:1987 Mecca incident 19375:Iranian involvement 19305:1979 Qatif Uprising 19024:Copyright relations 18355:2016 Naval incident 18211:Iran hostage crisis 18062:Iran Air Flight 655 17974:Island of Stability 17906:Iranian Directorate 17722:Iran Air Flight 655 17623:Tawakalna ala Allah 17574:Final stages (1988) 17124:Iran–Iraq relations 17052:UN Security Council 16530:Mojahed (newspaper) 16393:Hedayatollah Hatami 16250:Quintuple Coalition 15529:Middle East Journal 15447:, pp. 104–105. 15300:on 13 November 2019 15109:on 26 December 2018 15097:(9 February 2012). 14919:Jo, Hyeran (2015). 14785:. 5 February 2017. 14453:Jo, Hyeran (2015). 14021:Inter Press Service 12919:, pp. 165–167. 12643:Todd, Paul (2003). 12301:of the MEK."), 11805:on 14 February 2017 11671:, pp. 260–261. 11534:, pp. 197, 260 11354:. 13 January 2019. 11298:. 9 November 2021. 11193:, pp. 252–255. 11181:, pp. 252–254. 11169:, pp. 220–221. 11106:, pp. 100–101. 10612:. 10 October 2020. 10422:The Times of Israel 10201:. 9 February 2012. 10173:on 29 November 2014 10028:, pp. 120–123. 10002:on 13 December 2020 9822:The Washington Post 9262:10.1093/jcsl/krq002 9046:, pp. xiv, 17. 8622:, 27 October 1999, 8356:"Terrorism Monitor" 8126:. 4 December 2018. 8065:. theguardian.com. 7818:] (in French), 7816:The Atomic Republic 7761:The Washington Post 7718:, pp. 101–102. 7703:, pp. 253–254. 7023:, pp. 204–205. 6712:, pp. 145–166. 6381:, pp. 141–142. 6305:"Mujahedin-e Khalq" 6303:Masters, Jonathan. 6229:, pp. 167–169. 6013:, pp. 227–230. 5829:. Middle East Eye. 5553:Jose Antonio Ocampo 5499:2009-2017.state.gov 5434:on 10 February 2006 5313:. Oxford, England: 5112:] (in French), 5110:The Atomic Republic 5015:. 10 January 1983. 4169:The Daily Telegraph 4053:. 4 December 2013. 3527:Abolhassan Banisadr 3404:'s Iraq during the 3354:European Parliament 3324:In March 1993, the 3217:revisionist history 3189:coerced confessions 3185:psychological abuse 3142:Human rights record 2896:Alejo Vidal-Quadras 2715:US invasion of Iraq 2641:Other designations 2548:Formerly listed by 2071:cult of personality 2026:of this section is 2004:Cult of personality 1923:Abolhassan Banisadr 1912:, and establishing 1767:with revolutionary 1714:In 2020, newspaper 1458:, accusing them of 1387:. In 2010 and 2011 1238:2003 French arrests 1204:1998 FIFA World Cup 954:and Prime Minister 952:Mohammad-Ali Rajaei 870:Abolhassan Banisadr 836:Assembly of Experts 660: 511:August 1981 bombing 86:Mohammad Hanifnejad 20119:Left-wing populism 20019:Iranian fraudsters 19952:Raheleh Rahemipour 19838:Mohammad Reyshahri 19679:Iran International 19514:2015 Mina stampede 19390:Axis of Resistance 19285:Iranian Revolution 19121:Iran Bethel School 19096:Alborz High School 18931:Abdolreza Shahlaei 18906:Sahar Nowrouzzadeh 18891:Mohammad Mosaddegh 18866:Amir Mirza Hekmati 18856:Mahmoud Reza Banki 18806:Erwin David Rabhan 18771:Howard Baskerville 18653:Oil Platforms case 18628:Public Law 113-100 18305:2008 Naval dispute 18206:Iranian Revolution 18072:Iran–Contra affair 18057:Bridgeton incident 17782:Invasion of Kuwait 17752:Iranian commanders 17599:Beit-ol-Moqaddas 7 17592:Beit-ol-Moqaddas 2 17180:Iranian Revolution 17134:Treaty of Saadabad 16887:Iran-based parties 16773:United Republicans 16654:People's Mojahedin 16444:Iranian Revolution 16353:Alireza Jafarzadeh 15812:. pp. 66–76. 15744:Abrahamian, Ervand 15720:Abrahamian, Ervand 15580:on 26 October 2017 15426:, p. 243-246. 15409:Goulka et al. 2009 15346:The New York Times 15157:. pp. 16–17. 14901:, 14 February 2006 14899:Human Rights Watch 14872:Human Rights Watch 14694:. 5 January 2018. 14326:(18 August 2011), 14281:, p. 152-154. 14126:. 10 August 2011. 14086:The New York Times 13986:The New York Times 13955:The New York Times 13814:. 4 October 2012. 13641:"Our Men in Iran?" 13464:The New York Times 13199:The New York Times 12700:Goulka et al. 2009 12591:The New York Times 12309:from the original. 12264:Middle East Report 11947:Goulka et al. 2009 11831:The New York Times 11759:10.1111/aspp.12164 11454:, p. 251–253. 11205:, p. 99, 107. 11043:, pp. 92–230. 10704:. 4 October 2018. 9899:. 8 January 2010. 9791:The New York Times 9708:on 3 February 2009 9404:on 5 December 2019 9320:. New York Times. 9318:The New York Times 9225:Goulka et al. 2009 9178:Goulka et al. 2009 9166:Goulka et al. 2009 9103:The New York Times 9044:Goulka et al. 2009 8836:The New York Times 8800:The New York Times 8427:The New York Times 8003:Goulka et al. 2009 7808:Lorentz, Dominique 7411:Goulka et al. 2009 7195:, p. 218-221. 7141:, p. 220-221. 6830:The New York Times 6746:, p. 171-172. 6698:Goulka et al. 2009 6466:Goulka et al. 2009 5973:, pp. 81–126. 5743:Goulka et al. 2009 5631:Palgrave Macmillan 5483:The New York Times 5137:Simon and Schuster 5102:Lorentz, Dominique 5012:The New York Times 4881:Goulka et al. 2009 4807:Goulka et al. 2009 4795:Goulka et al. 2009 4532:Goulka et al. 2009 4288:Kaunert, Christian 4021:C. Hurst & Co. 3961:Palgrave Macmillan 3942:Palgrave Macmillan 3692:A 2013 article in 3675:The New York Times 3352:. This led to the 3279:The New York Times 3215:in ideology and a 3165:Human Rights Watch 3132:The New York Times 2921: 2859:The New York Times 2809: 2713:The MEK after the 2704:Geneva Conventions 1906: 1653: 1573:Mohsen Fakhrizadeh 1509:Alireza Jafarzadeh 1365:television network 1322: 1306:Sheila Jackson Lee 1214:football teams at 1091:Khuzestan Province 1070: 960: 927:Parliament of Iran 797:council of experts 790:Iranian Revolution 658: 648:Schism (1971–1978) 445:Iranian Revolution 297:Left-wing politics 166:(1981–1986; 2003–) 30:سازمان مجاهدین خلق 19976: 19975: 19931:Khavaran cemetery 19761:Ruhollah Khomeini 19713: 19712: 19568:Iranian relations 19424:Yemeni revolution 19407:Houthi insurgency 19380:Saudi involvement 19179: 19178: 18881:Mohammad Hosseini 18776:William J. Fallon 18696:Iran Action Group 18511:2024 Erbil attack 18317:Project Cassandra 18077:Operation Staunch 17964:Project Dark Gene 17804: 17803: 17730: 17729: 17605:Al-Anfal Campaign 17581:War of the Cities 17423:Kurdish rebellion 17040:Operation Staunch 16900: 16899: 16755:Liberal democrats 16595: 16594: 16328:Somayeh Mohammadi 16313:Mehdi Abrishamchi 16175:Media related to 16138:978-0-8223-8150-1 16061:978-1-59797-823-1 16054:. Potomac Books. 16040:978-1-84511-790-0 16012:978-0-300-12105-6 15990:978-1-56072-954-9 15957:978-0-8157-3219-8 15906:978-0-203-94620-6 15851:978-1-84519-270-9 15827:978-1-317-04590-8 15802:Mujahedin-e-Khalq 15761:978-1-85043-077-3 15644:BBC World Service 15480:978-0-8157-0379-2 15274:. 6 November 2019 15227:on 30 August 2018 15191:978-0-275-99639-0 15164:978-2-7475-9381-6 15081:978-0-944029-39-8 14993:978-0-313-38088-4 14964:978-0-10-180172-0 14934:978-1-107-11004-5 14815:978-0-313-35001-6 14753:. 15 April 2012. 14671:978-1-5381-0331-9 14646:978-1-56072-593-0 14549:978-1-4094-6230-9 14519:978-0-275-97952-2 14464:978-1-107-11004-5 14427:978-0-313-38194-2 14306:978-1-136-81263-7 13937:978-1-317-64864-2 13913:978-1-305-63377-3 13171:on 31 August 2012 13035:978-0-7618-2388-9 13000:978-0-8147-6691-0 12940:978-0-944029-39-8 12900:978-0-275-96528-0 12866:978-0-944029-39-8 12654:978-1-84277-113-6 12626:978-0-275-99253-8 12502:978-1-351-05057-9 12411:978-0-674-91571-8 12402:The Iran-Iraq War 12386:978-1-5063-1798-4 12273:978-1-59028-049-2 12249:978-1-59028-049-2 12224:978-1-85065-809-2 11721:978-0-465-01920-5 11696:978-1-134-32890-1 11598:, pp. 66–67. 11351:Los Angeles Times 11332:978-0-521-59572-8 10576:978-1-4766-7940-2 10085:978-0-06-019591-5 9671:www.aljazeera.com 9647:. 24 January 2011 9597:Los Angeles Times 9494:978-1-135-98156-3 9396:ALGHURABI, REZA. 9227:, pp. 5, 41. 9076:978-2-7475-9381-6 8962:978-1-62157-530-6 8932:978-0-8108-7070-3 8650:National Interest 8587:Los Angeles Times 8553:Los Angeles Times 8523:, 16 March 1999, 8404:978-0-313-32485-7 8276:978-0-692-39937-8 8166:978-0-520-21866-6 8101:978-1-316-50946-3 7941:The Iran-Iraq War 7670:978-1-4522-6638-1 7661:Sage Publications 7604:978-3-319-31018-3 7551:978-1-315-61214-0 7514:978-1-135-04381-0 7437:, pp. 242–3. 7425:, pp. 13–14. 7413:, pp. 59–60. 7385:978-0-19-046896-5 7346:978-1-61069-286-1 7307:978-1-317-66283-9 7268:978-1-107-02967-5 7110:978-3-319-31018-3 7046:978-0-465-06890-6 6914:Terrorism Monitor 6869:978-0-415-61785-7 6731:, pp. 27–28. 6677:978-1-4381-1019-6 6554:978-0-16-090501-8 6515:978-1-351-47913-4 6489:978-1-137-51715-9 6403:on 20 August 2018 6350:978-1-351-47913-4 6265:, pp. 493–4. 6079:978-0-917561-04-7 5942:978-1-61069-286-1 5796:978-0-429-94157-3 5726:, pp. 73–74. 5596:978-1-4129-8016-6 5566:978-92-1-154185-4 5324:978-1-78096-221-4 5315:Osprey Publishing 5185:978-0-08-037703-2 5146:978-1-4165-9777-3 5059:978-0-7658-0255-2 4964:978-0-7658-0255-2 4906:978-1-61069-286-1 4848:978-0-313-32485-7 4769:978-1-61069-286-1 4726:978-1-317-66283-9 4663:978-0-313-32485-7 4628:978-1-138-85364-5 4454:978-0-7022-4956-3 4392:978-1-61069-286-1 4324:978-1-305-63377-3 4301:978-1-317-49970-1 4275:978-0-19-049170-3 3836:978-1-85043-198-5 3806:978-0-8108-6311-8 3558:Midday Adventures 3445: 3229:total institution 3124:Edward G. Rendell 3080:social revolution 3006:for allying with 2910:Foreign relations 2866:Ervand Abrahamian 2843:Robert Torricelli 2696:Los Angeles Times 2687: 2686: 2346:in 2005 that the 2067: 2066: 2059: 1991:Ervand Abrahamian 1987:Mehdi Abrishamchi 1967:Ervand Abrahamian 1869:classless society 1863:who betrayed the 1826:Nahzat-i Husseini 1773:classless society 1618:covert operations 1369:Vision of Freedom 1149:Ervand Abrahamian 1112:Islamabad-e Gharb 1009:Mohammad Sadoughi 931:Ruhollah Khomeini 923:cabinet ministers 915:Mohammad Beheshti 911:Hafte Tir bombing 901:Hafte Tir bombing 895:Hafte Tir bombing 829:organized by the 756:Louis Lee Hawkins 743:Shell Oil Company 722: 721: 642:central committee 612:Tehran University 500:Hafte Tir bombing 433: 405:Mojahedin-e-Khalq 403:), also known as 393: 392: 380:Political parties 364:www.mojahedin.org 72:Secretary-General 20211: 20194:Populism in Iran 19967: 19966: 19864:Sadiq al-Shirazi 19823:Akbar Rafsanjanī 19740: 19733: 19726: 19717: 19716: 19704: 19703: 19549:2019 Afif attack 19429:Yemeni civil war 19365:Syrian civil war 19234:Diplomatic posts 19228: 19227: 19218: 19217: 19206: 19199: 19192: 19183: 19182: 19171: 19170: 19126:Iranzamin School 19116:Damavand College 19089:Alavi Foundation 19084:650 Fifth Avenue 19034:Dual containment 19029:Death to America 18941:Masoud Soleimani 18861:Haleh Esfandiari 18826:Michael R. White 18571:Trump travel ban 18375:Operation Merlin 18114:Yemeni Civil War 18109:Syrian civil war 17959:Exercise Delawar 17927:Persian Corridor 17859:Diplomatic posts 17853: 17852: 17843: 17842: 17831: 17824: 17817: 17808: 17807: 17796: 17795: 17329:2nd Khorramshahr 17324:Beit-ol-Moqaddas 17272:Stalemate (1981) 17216:1st Khorramshahr 17114: 17113: 16927: 16920: 16913: 16904: 16903: 16638:Politics of Iran 16622: 16615: 16608: 16599: 16598: 16587: 16586: 16429:Operation Mersad 16363:Abdolreza Rajabi 16333:Abdolreza Rajabi 16323:Hassan Nayebagha 16219: 16212: 16205: 16196: 16195: 16186: 16174: 16167: 16166: 16164:Official website 16150: 16109: 16088: 16065: 16044: 16016: 15999:Keddie, Nikki R. 15994: 15969: 15933: 15931: 15923:RAND corporation 15920: 15910: 15887: 15870:(6): 1000–1014. 15855: 15831: 15796: 15765: 15739: 15705: 15704: 15703: 15701: 15688: 15682: 15681: 15680: 15678: 15661: 15655: 15654: 15653: 15651: 15634: 15628: 15622: 15616: 15615: 15613: 15611: 15596: 15590: 15589: 15587: 15585: 15572:(Ph.D. thesis). 15563: 15557: 15551: 15545: 15544: 15524: 15518: 15512: 15506: 15505: 15494: 15488: 15487: 15466: 15460: 15454: 15448: 15442: 15427: 15421: 15412: 15406: 15400: 15397: 15391: 15388: 15382: 15379: 15373: 15372: 15370: 15368: 15357: 15351: 15350: 15336: 15330: 15329: 15328:. 28 April 2020. 15325:Voice of America 15316: 15310: 15309: 15307: 15305: 15296:. Archived from 15290: 15284: 15283: 15281: 15279: 15268: 15262: 15261: 15253:Associated Press 15243: 15237: 15236: 15234: 15232: 15223:. Archived from 15210: 15204: 15201: 15195: 15194: 15175: 15169: 15168: 15143: 15134: 15128: 15119: 15118: 15116: 15114: 15105:. Archived from 15091: 15085: 15084: 15067: 15061: 15055: 15046: 15045: 15043: 15041: 15024: 15018: 15017: 15004: 14998: 14997: 14975: 14969: 14968: 14945: 14939: 14938: 14916: 14910: 14909: 14908: 14906: 14889: 14883: 14882: 14881: 14879: 14869: 14859: 14853: 14852: 14850: 14848: 14826: 14820: 14819: 14797: 14791: 14790: 14780: 14773: 14767: 14766: 14764: 14762: 14743: 14737: 14736: 14734: 14732: 14717: 14708: 14707: 14705: 14703: 14682: 14676: 14675: 14657: 14651: 14650: 14632: 14626: 14620: 14614: 14608: 14602: 14596: 14590: 14584: 14578: 14572: 14566: 14565: 14563: 14561: 14529: 14523: 14522: 14499: 14493: 14487: 14481: 14475: 14469: 14468: 14450: 14444: 14443: 14441: 14439: 14407: 14401: 14400: 14388: 14382: 14381: 14353: 14347: 14346: 14345: 14343: 14320: 14311: 14310: 14288: 14282: 14276: 14270: 14269: 14267: 14265: 14246: 14240: 14237: 14224: 14211: 14198: 14185: 14170: 14164: 14163: 14161: 14159: 14138: 14132: 14131: 14119: 14112: 14106: 14105: 14099: 14097: 14077: 14071: 14070: 14069: 14067: 14047: 14041: 14040: 14034: 14032: 14023:, archived from 14012: 14006: 14005: 13999: 13997: 13977: 13971: 13970: 13968: 13966: 13947: 13941: 13940: 13923: 13917: 13916: 13899: 13893: 13892: 13890: 13888: 13873: 13867: 13866: 13864: 13862: 13840: 13831: 13830: 13828: 13826: 13820: 13813: 13805: 13799: 13798: 13796: 13794: 13779: 13773: 13765: 13759: 13758: 13746: 13737: 13736: 13734: 13732: 13716: 13707: 13706: 13693: 13691: 13682:. 15 July 2016. 13677: 13669: 13663: 13662: 13660: 13658: 13636: 13627: 13626: 13618: 13612: 13611: 13609: 13607: 13579: 13573: 13572: 13570: 13568: 13548: 13542: 13541: 13539: 13537: 13528:. Archived from 13518:(25 June 2003). 13512: 13506: 13505: 13503: 13501: 13486: 13480: 13479: 13477: 13475: 13455: 13449: 13448: 13447: 13445: 13425: 13419: 13418: 13417: 13415: 13396: 13387: 13386: 13385: 13383: 13364: 13358: 13357: 13355: 13353: 13347: 13340: 13336:"削除されるタリバーン関係者等" 13332: 13326: 13325: 13323: 13321: 13306: 13300: 13299: 13298: 13296: 13290: 13283: 13272: 13255: 13254: 13248: 13246: 13226: 13220: 13219: 13213: 13211: 13190: 13184: 13183: 13178: 13176: 13167:. Archived from 13150: 13144: 13143: 13141: 13139: 13120: 13114: 13113: 13111: 13109: 13087: 13076: 13075: 13073: 13071: 13050: 13044: 13043: 13011: 13005: 13004: 12982: 12976: 12975: 12973: 12971: 12962:. 27 June 2014. 12959:Associated Press 12950: 12944: 12943: 12926: 12920: 12914: 12908: 12907: 12876: 12870: 12869: 12852: 12846: 12845: 12815: 12809: 12803: 12797: 12796: 12795: 12793: 12773: 12767: 12766: 12765: 12763: 12743: 12737: 12736: 12735: 12733: 12727: 12720: 12709: 12703: 12697: 12691: 12690: 12689: 12687: 12669: 12663: 12662: 12640: 12634: 12633: 12612: 12606: 12605: 12604: 12602: 12582: 12576: 12575: 12574: 12572: 12566: 12555: 12547: 12538: 12537: 12535: 12533: 12516: 12507: 12506: 12482: 12476: 12475: 12473: 12471: 12454:Dreazen, Yochi. 12451: 12445: 12444: 12442: 12440: 12431:. 31 July 2012. 12425: 12419: 12418: 12397: 12391: 12390: 12372: 12366: 12360: 12354: 12348: 12342: 12341: 12339: 12337: 12316: 12310: 12290: 12284: 12278: 12277: 12260: 12254: 12253: 12235: 12229: 12228: 12210: 12204: 12203: 12201: 12199: 12179: 12173: 12172: 12151: 12145: 12144: 12122: 12116: 12115: 12113: 12111: 12084: 12078: 12077: 12075: 12073: 12052: 12046: 12045: 12043: 12041: 12032:. Archived from 12020: 12014: 12013: 12011: 12009: 11987: 11981: 11980: 11978: 11976: 11956: 11950: 11944: 11935: 11934: 11932: 11930: 11910: 11904: 11903: 11901: 11899: 11879: 11873: 11872: 11854: 11848: 11847: 11845: 11843: 11821: 11815: 11814: 11812: 11810: 11804: 11787: 11778: 11772: 11771: 11761: 11735: 11729: 11728: 11707: 11701: 11700: 11678: 11672: 11666: 11660: 11659: 11657: 11655: 11646:. 27 June 2014. 11636: 11630: 11629: 11627: 11625: 11605: 11599: 11593: 11587: 11586: 11585: 11583: 11561: 11555: 11521: 11515: 11514: 11506: 11500: 11499: 11491: 11485: 11484: 11476: 11470: 11464: 11455: 11449: 11438: 11432: 11426: 11425: 11423: 11421: 11401: 11395: 11394: 11386: 11380: 11374: 11368: 11367: 11365: 11363: 11342: 11336: 11335: 11318: 11312: 11311: 11309: 11307: 11286: 11280: 11274: 11263: 11262: 11260: 11258: 11239: 11233: 11227: 11218: 11212: 11206: 11200: 11194: 11188: 11182: 11176: 11170: 11164: 11158: 11152: 11143: 11137: 11131: 11125: 11119: 11113: 11107: 11101: 11095: 11094: 11092: 11090: 11084: 11077: 11059: 11050: 11044: 11038: 11032: 11031: 11029: 11027: 11006: 11000: 10999: 10997: 10995: 10976: 10970: 10969: 10967: 10965: 10946: 10940: 10939: 10937: 10935: 10915: 10909: 10908: 10906: 10904: 10885: 10879: 10878: 10877: 10875: 10855: 10849: 10848: 10846: 10844: 10825: 10819: 10818: 10816: 10814: 10795: 10789: 10788: 10787:. 20 April 2021. 10784:Associated Press 10775: 10769: 10768: 10757: 10751: 10750: 10748: 10746: 10727: 10718: 10717: 10715: 10713: 10694: 10688: 10687: 10685: 10683: 10663: 10657: 10656: 10654: 10652: 10632: 10626: 10625: 10623: 10621: 10602: 10593: 10592: 10590: 10588: 10560: 10554: 10553: 10551: 10549: 10529: 10523: 10522: 10517: 10515: 10495: 10489: 10488: 10467: 10461: 10460: 10458: 10456: 10437: 10431: 10430: 10413: 10407: 10406: 10404: 10402: 10382: 10376: 10375: 10374: 10372: 10367:on 24 April 2018 10363:, archived from 10350: 10344: 10343: 10342: 10340: 10320: 10314: 10313: 10311: 10309: 10290: 10284: 10283: 10281: 10279: 10251: 10245: 10244: 10242: 10240: 10221: 10215: 10214: 10212: 10210: 10189: 10183: 10182: 10180: 10178: 10169:. Archived from 10161:Marizad, Mehdi. 10158: 10152: 10151: 10149: 10147: 10127: 10121: 10120: 10118: 10116: 10096: 10090: 10089: 10065: 10059: 10058: 10056: 10054: 10035: 10029: 10026:Fayazmanesh 2008 10023: 10012: 10011: 10009: 10007: 9998:. Archived from 9984: 9975: 9974: 9972: 9970: 9955: 9949: 9948: 9946: 9944: 9922: 9913: 9912: 9910: 9908: 9893: 9887: 9886: 9884: 9882: 9867: 9861: 9860: 9844: 9838: 9837: 9835: 9833: 9813: 9807: 9806: 9804: 9802: 9782: 9776: 9775: 9773: 9771: 9762:. 29 July 2009. 9752: 9746: 9745: 9743: 9741: 9724: 9718: 9717: 9715: 9713: 9704:. Archived from 9693: 9687: 9686: 9684: 9682: 9663: 9657: 9656: 9654: 9652: 9637: 9631: 9630: 9628: 9626: 9607: 9601: 9600: 9589: 9583: 9582: 9580: 9578: 9559: 9553: 9552: 9550: 9548: 9532: 9526: 9520: 9514: 9513: 9505: 9499: 9498: 9480: 9474: 9473: 9471: 9469: 9450: 9441: 9440: 9438: 9436: 9427:. The Guardian. 9420: 9414: 9413: 9411: 9409: 9400:. Archived from 9393: 9387: 9386: 9384: 9382: 9367: 9361: 9360: 9358: 9356: 9340: 9334: 9333: 9331: 9329: 9310: 9304: 9301: 9295: 9293: 9265: 9234: 9228: 9222: 9216: 9215: 9213: 9211: 9187: 9181: 9175: 9169: 9163: 9157: 9156: 9154: 9152: 9132: 9119: 9118: 9116: 9114: 9094: 9081: 9080: 9053: 9047: 9041: 9032: 9031: 9029: 9027: 9011: 9005: 9004: 9000: 8994: 8993: 8985: 8979: 8978: 8976: 8974: 8946: 8937: 8936: 8920: 8910: 8904: 8903: 8901: 8899: 8884: 8878: 8877: 8875: 8873: 8858: 8852: 8851: 8849: 8847: 8827: 8816: 8815: 8813: 8811: 8791: 8785: 8784: 8782: 8780: 8760: 8751: 8750: 8748: 8746: 8737:. 22 June 2003. 8727: 8718: 8717: 8715: 8713: 8698: 8692: 8691: 8689: 8687: 8678:. 17 June 2003. 8672: 8666: 8665: 8663: 8661: 8641: 8635: 8634: 8633: 8631: 8612: 8603: 8602: 8600: 8598: 8578: 8569: 8568: 8566: 8564: 8545: 8536: 8535: 8534: 8532: 8513: 8504: 8503: 8501: 8499: 8479: 8473: 8472: 8470: 8468: 8459:. 21 June 1998. 8449: 8443: 8442: 8440: 8438: 8418: 8409: 8408: 8384: 8378: 8377: 8375: 8373: 8367: 8360: 8352: 8346: 8334: 8328: 8327:, p. 4,104. 8322: 8313: 8312: 8310: 8308: 8302: 8295: 8287: 8281: 8280: 8262: 8256: 8255: 8253: 8251: 8236: 8230: 8229: 8217: 8210: 8204: 8203: 8201: 8199: 8180: 8171: 8170: 8152: 8143: 8142: 8140: 8138: 8132: 8125: 8117: 8106: 8105: 8085: 8079: 8078: 8076: 8074: 8055: 8049: 8043: 8037: 8030: 8024: 8023: 8012: 8006: 8000: 7994: 7993: 7991: 7989: 7970: 7964: 7958: 7952: 7951: 7936: 7930: 7929: 7927: 7925: 7919: 7908: 7900: 7894: 7888: 7877: 7871: 7862: 7861: 7859: 7857: 7829: 7823: 7822: 7804: 7798: 7792: 7786: 7783: 7777: 7776: 7774: 7772: 7752: 7746: 7745: 7725: 7719: 7713: 7704: 7698: 7687: 7686: 7684: 7682: 7644: 7638: 7637: 7635: 7633: 7617: 7608: 7607: 7582: 7576: 7570: 7564: 7563: 7537: 7531: 7525: 7519: 7518: 7500: 7494: 7493: 7491: 7489: 7474: 7468: 7467: 7466: 7464: 7444: 7438: 7432: 7426: 7420: 7414: 7408: 7402: 7401: 7399: 7397: 7369: 7363: 7362: 7360: 7358: 7330: 7324: 7323: 7321: 7319: 7291: 7285: 7284: 7282: 7280: 7252: 7246: 7245: 7243: 7241: 7235: 7224: 7216: 7210: 7209: 7202: 7196: 7190: 7181: 7175: 7169: 7168: 7166: 7164: 7148: 7142: 7136: 7130: 7129: 7121: 7115: 7114: 7088: 7082: 7076: 7070: 7064: 7058: 7057: 7055: 7053: 7030: 7024: 7018: 7012: 7006: 7000: 6994: 6988: 6987: 6979: 6973: 6972:, p. 55-69. 6967: 6961: 6955: 6940: 6937: 6924: 6880: 6874: 6873: 6855: 6846: 6845: 6843: 6841: 6821: 6802: 6796: 6785: 6784: 6756: 6747: 6741: 6732: 6726: 6713: 6707: 6701: 6695: 6689: 6688: 6686: 6684: 6661: 6655: 6654: 6652: 6650: 6631: 6625: 6624: 6622: 6620: 6601: 6595: 6594: 6581: 6575: 6574: 6568: 6566: 6544:December 7, 2011 6538: 6532: 6531: 6529: 6527: 6499: 6493: 6492: 6475: 6469: 6463: 6457: 6451: 6442: 6441: 6439: 6437: 6422: 6413: 6412: 6410: 6408: 6399:. Archived from 6388: 6382: 6376: 6367: 6366: 6364: 6362: 6331: 6325: 6324: 6322: 6320: 6300: 6291: 6285: 6279: 6272: 6266: 6260: 6254: 6248: 6242: 6236: 6230: 6224: 6215: 6214: 6212: 6210: 6190: 6184: 6178: 6172: 6171: 6169: 6167: 6150:Yarshater, Ehsan 6141: 6132: 6126: 6117: 6116: 6108: 6102: 6101: 6089: 6083: 6082: 6063: 6057: 6056: 6054: 6052: 6032: 6026: 6020: 6014: 6008: 6002: 5996: 5990: 5985:Maziar Behrooz, 5983: 5974: 5968: 5959: 5953: 5947: 5946: 5928: 5922: 5916: 5907: 5906: 5904: 5902: 5893:. 15 July 2019. 5881: 5875: 5874: 5872: 5870: 5849: 5843: 5842: 5840: 5838: 5822: 5811: 5810: 5805: 5803: 5776: 5770: 5769: 5764:. 20 June 2003. 5752: 5746: 5740: 5727: 5721: 5712: 5711: 5709: 5707: 5687: 5678: 5677: 5675: 5673: 5641: 5635: 5634: 5622: 5613: 5612: 5610: 5608: 5580: 5574: 5573: 5548: 5539: 5538: 5536: 5534: 5518: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5505: 5496: 5487: 5470: 5459: 5453: 5444: 5443: 5441: 5439: 5430:. Archived from 5418: 5412: 5411: 5409: 5407: 5398:. Archived from 5392: 5383: 5382: 5380: 5378: 5356: 5341: 5335: 5329: 5328: 5306: 5300: 5299: 5294: 5292: 5272: 5261: 5255: 5234: 5233: 5231: 5229: 5206: 5197: 5196: 5194: 5192: 5169: 5158: 5157: 5155: 5153: 5126: 5117: 5116: 5098: 5092: 5091:, pp. 9–43. 5086: 5080: 5079: 5073: 5071: 5039: 5033: 5032: 5026: 5024: 5003: 4997: 4991: 4985: 4984: 4978: 4976: 4948: 4942: 4936: 4927: 4926: 4920: 4918: 4890: 4884: 4878: 4869: 4863: 4857: 4856: 4828: 4822: 4816: 4810: 4804: 4798: 4792: 4786: 4785: 4783: 4781: 4749: 4743: 4742: 4740: 4738: 4706: 4700: 4696: 4694: 4692: 4683:. Archived from 4671: 4640:Fayazmanesh 2008 4636: 4605: 4599: 4598: 4592: 4590: 4568: 4547: 4541: 4535: 4529: 4518: 4512: 4501: 4495: 4486: 4480: 4471: 4470: 4468: 4466: 4438: 4429: 4428: 4426: 4424: 4415:. Archived from 4403: 4397: 4396: 4374: 4368: 4364: 4358: 4356: 4331: 4309: 4282: 4260: 4255: 4253: 4234: 4225: 4224: 4219: 4217: 4195: 4189: 4188: 4183: 4181: 4159: 4153: 4147: 4136: 4130: 4124: 4118: 4109: 4103: 4094: 4088: 4082: 4076: 4067: 4066: 4064: 4062: 4043: 4037: 4031: 4025: 4024: 4009: 4003: 4002: 3990: 3984: 3983: 3971: 3965: 3964: 3952: 3946: 3945: 3933: 3927: 3926: 3914: 3908: 3907: 3904:encyclopedia.com 3896: 3890: 3884: 3873: 3872: 3871: 3869: 3850: 3841: 3840: 3822: 3811: 3810: 3790: 3780: 3774: 3768: 3746: 3735: 3729: 3726: 3720: 3717: 3711: 3707: 3701: 3667: 3658: 3647: 3595: 3590: 3589: 3581: 3576: 3575: 3574: 3507:Due to its anti- 3493:Shapour Bakhtiar 3491:(NAMIR), led by 3440: 3438: 3413:Karim Sadjadpour 2926:Dhofar Rebellion 2839:Dana Rohrabacher 2741:Rudolph Giuliani 2708:Condoleezza Rice 2673: 2671: 2670: 2651: 2649: 2648: 2630: 2628: 2627: 2612: 2610: 2609: 2594: 2592: 2591: 2576: 2574: 2573: 2558: 2556: 2555: 2537: 2535: 2534: 2515: 2513: 2512: 2502: 2501: 2478: 2453:was used by the 2428:The Daily Caller 2363:Ariane Tabatabai 2285:Washington, D.C. 2281:Capitol building 2266:RAND Corporation 2150:Fundamentalism. 2102:RAND Corporation 2090:Bernard Kouchner 2062: 2055: 2051: 2048: 2042: 2016: 2015: 2008: 1779:, international 1686:On 30 June 2018 1381:Radio Iran Zamin 1347:Coalition forces 1330:Coalition forces 1216:Stade de Gerland 1138:Operation Mersad 1120:Operation Mersad 1116:Foroughe Javidan 1079:2003 US invasion 1052:Operation Mersad 718: 714: 710: 661: 657: 598: 589: 535:Operation Mersad 438: 428: 426: 375:Politics of Iran 366: 347: 338: 318: 272: 270: 261: 216: 215: 211: 200: 199: 195: 184: 183: 179: 168: 167: 163: 152: 151: 147: 110: 108: 103: 73: 42: 31: 21: 20: 20219: 20218: 20214: 20213: 20212: 20210: 20209: 20208: 19979: 19978: 19977: 19972: 19956: 19935: 19919: 19868: 19847: 19806: 19765: 19749: 19744: 19714: 19709: 19693: 19605: 19569: 19563: 19460: 19271: 19255: 19229: 19222: 19212: 19210: 19180: 19175: 19161: 18982: 18841:Saeid Aboutaleb 18821:Craig Wadsworth 18796:Stephen D. Mull 18786:Joseph Macmanus 18684: 18525: 18380:Charming Kitten 18342:RQ-170 incident 18310:Filipino Monkey 18256:Algiers Accords 18187: 18124:Abraham Accords 18035: 18029:U.S. withdrawal 17915: 17854: 17847: 17837: 17835: 17805: 17800: 17786: 17742:Order of battle 17726: 17671:US intervention 17666: 17569: 17446: 17374:Before the Dawn 17360:Muslim ibn Aqil 17334: 17303:Samen-ol-A'emeh 17290: 17267: 17235:Siege of Abadan 17204:Iraqi airstrike 17189: 17185:Anti-Iranianism 17129:Treaty of Zuhab 17105: 16942: 16936: 16931: 16901: 16896: 16892:Defunct parties 16878: 16807: 16777: 16749: 16745:Laborers' Party 16671:Communist Party 16640: 16631: 16626: 16596: 16591: 16577: 16544: 16518: 16402: 16383:Marjan (singer) 16358:Pouran Bazargan 16343:Masoud Keshmiri 16264: 16228: 16223: 16162: 16161: 16158: 16153: 16139: 16062: 16041: 16013: 15991: 15958: 15929: 15918: 15907: 15852: 15828: 15793: 15762: 15714: 15709: 15708: 15699: 15697: 15690: 15689: 15685: 15676: 15674: 15670:The Independent 15663: 15662: 15658: 15649: 15647: 15636: 15635: 15631: 15623: 15619: 15609: 15607: 15597: 15593: 15583: 15581: 15564: 15560: 15554:Abrahamian 1989 15552: 15548: 15525: 15521: 15513: 15509: 15496: 15495: 15491: 15481: 15467: 15463: 15455: 15451: 15443: 15430: 15424:Abrahamian 1989 15422: 15415: 15411:, p. 4,58. 15407: 15403: 15398: 15394: 15389: 15385: 15380: 15376: 15366: 15364: 15359: 15358: 15354: 15337: 15333: 15318: 15317: 15313: 15303: 15301: 15292: 15291: 15287: 15277: 15275: 15270: 15269: 15265: 15244: 15240: 15230: 15228: 15220:The Daily Beast 15211: 15207: 15202: 15198: 15192: 15176: 15172: 15165: 15144: 15137: 15129: 15122: 15112: 15110: 15095:Williams, Brian 15092: 15088: 15082: 15068: 15064: 15058:Abrahamian 1989 15056: 15049: 15039: 15037: 15025: 15021: 15006: 15005: 15001: 14994: 14986:. p. 334. 14976: 14972: 14965: 14946: 14942: 14935: 14927:. p. 288. 14917: 14913: 14904: 14902: 14891: 14890: 14886: 14877: 14875: 14867: 14861: 14860: 14856: 14846: 14844: 14827: 14823: 14816: 14808:. p. 635. 14804:. Vol. 2. 14798: 14794: 14783:The Independent 14775: 14774: 14770: 14760: 14758: 14745: 14744: 14740: 14730: 14728: 14718: 14711: 14701: 14699: 14684: 14683: 14679: 14672: 14658: 14654: 14647: 14633: 14629: 14623:Abrahamian 1989 14621: 14617: 14611:Abrahamian 1989 14609: 14605: 14599:Abrahamian 1989 14597: 14593: 14587:Abrahamian 1989 14585: 14581: 14575:Abrahamian 1989 14573: 14569: 14559: 14557: 14550: 14530: 14526: 14520: 14500: 14496: 14490:Abrahamian 1989 14488: 14484: 14478:Abrahamian 1989 14476: 14472: 14465: 14451: 14447: 14437: 14435: 14428: 14408: 14404: 14389: 14385: 14354: 14350: 14341: 14339: 14321: 14314: 14307: 14289: 14285: 14279:Abrahamian 1989 14277: 14273: 14263: 14261: 14248: 14247: 14243: 14208:El Confidencial 14171: 14167: 14157: 14155: 14140: 14139: 14135: 14123:Financial Times 14114: 14113: 14109: 14095: 14093: 14078: 14074: 14065: 14063: 14048: 14044: 14030: 14028: 14013: 14009: 13995: 13993: 13978: 13974: 13964: 13962: 13948: 13944: 13938: 13924: 13920: 13914: 13900: 13896: 13886: 13884: 13875: 13874: 13870: 13860: 13858: 13841: 13834: 13824: 13822: 13818: 13811: 13807: 13806: 13802: 13792: 13790: 13781: 13780: 13776: 13766: 13762: 13747: 13740: 13730: 13728: 13717: 13710: 13702:Court of Appeal 13689: 13687: 13675: 13671: 13670: 13666: 13656: 13654: 13637: 13630: 13619: 13615: 13605: 13603: 13580: 13576: 13566: 13564: 13549: 13545: 13535: 13533: 13532:on 28 July 2013 13513: 13509: 13499: 13497: 13488: 13487: 13483: 13473: 13471: 13456: 13452: 13443: 13441: 13426: 13422: 13413: 13411: 13398: 13397: 13390: 13381: 13379: 13374:, 26 May 2005, 13366: 13365: 13361: 13351: 13349: 13345: 13338: 13334: 13333: 13329: 13319: 13317: 13308: 13307: 13303: 13294: 13292: 13288: 13281: 13273: 13258: 13244: 13242: 13227: 13223: 13209: 13207: 13192: 13191: 13187: 13174: 13172: 13165:Abu Dhabi Media 13151: 13147: 13137: 13135: 13122: 13121: 13117: 13107: 13105: 13088: 13079: 13069: 13067: 13052: 13051: 13047: 13036: 13012: 13008: 13001: 12993:. p. 387. 12983: 12979: 12969: 12967: 12952: 12951: 12947: 12941: 12927: 12923: 12915: 12911: 12901: 12877: 12873: 12867: 12853: 12849: 12816: 12812: 12804: 12800: 12791: 12789: 12774: 12770: 12761: 12759: 12744: 12740: 12731: 12729: 12725: 12718: 12710: 12706: 12698: 12694: 12685: 12683: 12670: 12666: 12655: 12641: 12637: 12627: 12613: 12609: 12600: 12598: 12583: 12579: 12570: 12568: 12564: 12553: 12549: 12548: 12541: 12531: 12529: 12517: 12510: 12503: 12483: 12479: 12469: 12467: 12452: 12448: 12438: 12436: 12427: 12426: 12422: 12412: 12398: 12394: 12387: 12373: 12369: 12361: 12357: 12349: 12345: 12335: 12333: 12318: 12317: 12313: 12286: 12285: 12281: 12274: 12262: 12261: 12257: 12250: 12236: 12232: 12225: 12211: 12207: 12197: 12195: 12180: 12176: 12166: 12152: 12148: 12141: 12123: 12119: 12109: 12107: 12096:mcclatchydc.com 12085: 12081: 12071: 12069: 12054: 12053: 12049: 12039: 12037: 12022: 12021: 12017: 12007: 12005: 11988: 11984: 11974: 11972: 11957: 11953: 11945: 11938: 11928: 11926: 11911: 11907: 11897: 11895: 11880: 11876: 11869: 11855: 11851: 11841: 11839: 11822: 11818: 11808: 11806: 11802: 11785: 11779: 11775: 11736: 11732: 11722: 11708: 11704: 11697: 11689:. p. 274. 11679: 11675: 11669:Abrahamian 1989 11667: 11663: 11653: 11651: 11638: 11637: 11633: 11623: 11621: 11606: 11602: 11596:Abrahamian 1989 11594: 11590: 11581: 11579: 11562: 11558: 11532:Abrahamian 1989 11522: 11518: 11507: 11503: 11492: 11488: 11477: 11473: 11465: 11458: 11452:Abrahamian 1989 11450: 11441: 11435:Abrahamian 1989 11433: 11429: 11419: 11417: 11402: 11398: 11387: 11383: 11377:Abrahamian 1989 11375: 11371: 11361: 11359: 11344: 11343: 11339: 11333: 11319: 11315: 11305: 11303: 11288: 11287: 11283: 11275: 11266: 11256: 11254: 11241: 11240: 11236: 11228: 11221: 11213: 11209: 11201: 11197: 11189: 11185: 11177: 11173: 11165: 11161: 11155:Abrahamian 1982 11153: 11146: 11140:Abrahamian 1982 11138: 11134: 11126: 11122: 11116:Abrahamian 1989 11114: 11110: 11104:Abrahamian 1989 11102: 11098: 11088: 11086: 11082: 11057: 11051: 11047: 11041:Abrahamian 1989 11039: 11035: 11025: 11023: 11008: 11007: 11003: 10993: 10991: 10978: 10977: 10973: 10963: 10961: 10948: 10947: 10943: 10933: 10931: 10916: 10912: 10902: 10900: 10893:Times of Israel 10887: 10886: 10882: 10873: 10871: 10856: 10852: 10842: 10840: 10835:. 25 May 2023. 10827: 10826: 10822: 10812: 10810: 10797: 10796: 10792: 10777: 10776: 10772: 10759: 10758: 10754: 10744: 10742: 10729: 10728: 10721: 10711: 10709: 10696: 10695: 10691: 10681: 10679: 10664: 10660: 10650: 10648: 10633: 10629: 10619: 10617: 10604: 10603: 10596: 10586: 10584: 10577: 10561: 10557: 10547: 10545: 10530: 10526: 10513: 10511: 10496: 10492: 10468: 10464: 10454: 10452: 10445:Gazeta Telegraf 10439: 10438: 10434: 10415: 10414: 10410: 10400: 10398: 10383: 10379: 10370: 10368: 10351: 10347: 10338: 10336: 10321: 10317: 10307: 10305: 10292: 10291: 10287: 10277: 10275: 10252: 10248: 10238: 10236: 10223: 10222: 10218: 10208: 10206: 10191: 10190: 10186: 10176: 10174: 10159: 10155: 10145: 10143: 10138:. reuters.com. 10128: 10124: 10114: 10112: 10097: 10093: 10086: 10066: 10062: 10052: 10050: 10036: 10032: 10024: 10015: 10005: 10003: 9985: 9978: 9968: 9966: 9957: 9956: 9952: 9942: 9940: 9923: 9916: 9906: 9904: 9895: 9894: 9890: 9880: 9878: 9869: 9868: 9864: 9845: 9841: 9831: 9829: 9814: 9810: 9800: 9798: 9783: 9779: 9769: 9767: 9754: 9753: 9749: 9739: 9737: 9736:on 9 March 2009 9730: 9726: 9725: 9721: 9711: 9709: 9694: 9690: 9680: 9678: 9665: 9664: 9660: 9650: 9648: 9639: 9638: 9634: 9624: 9622: 9609: 9608: 9604: 9591: 9590: 9586: 9576: 9574: 9567:The Independent 9561: 9560: 9556: 9546: 9544: 9533: 9529: 9521: 9517: 9507: 9506: 9502: 9495: 9481: 9477: 9467: 9465: 9452: 9451: 9444: 9434: 9432: 9421: 9417: 9407: 9405: 9394: 9390: 9380: 9378: 9369: 9368: 9364: 9354: 9352: 9341: 9337: 9327: 9325: 9311: 9307: 9291: 9289: 9287: 9235: 9231: 9223: 9219: 9209: 9207: 9188: 9184: 9176: 9172: 9164: 9160: 9150: 9148: 9133: 9122: 9112: 9110: 9095: 9084: 9077: 9055: 9054: 9050: 9042: 9035: 9025: 9023: 9012: 9008: 9002: 9001: 8997: 8986: 8982: 8972: 8970: 8963: 8947: 8940: 8933: 8911: 8907: 8897: 8895: 8886: 8885: 8881: 8871: 8869: 8860: 8859: 8855: 8845: 8843: 8828: 8819: 8809: 8807: 8792: 8788: 8778: 8776: 8761: 8754: 8744: 8742: 8729: 8728: 8721: 8711: 8709: 8700: 8699: 8695: 8685: 8683: 8674: 8673: 8669: 8659: 8657: 8642: 8638: 8629: 8627: 8614: 8613: 8606: 8596: 8594: 8579: 8572: 8562: 8560: 8546: 8539: 8530: 8528: 8515: 8514: 8507: 8497: 8495: 8480: 8476: 8466: 8464: 8451: 8450: 8446: 8436: 8434: 8419: 8412: 8405: 8385: 8381: 8371: 8369: 8365: 8358: 8354: 8353: 8349: 8344:Wayback Machine 8335: 8331: 8323: 8316: 8306: 8304: 8300: 8293: 8289: 8288: 8284: 8277: 8263: 8259: 8249: 8247: 8238: 8237: 8233: 8221:The Independent 8212: 8211: 8207: 8197: 8195: 8182: 8181: 8174: 8167: 8153: 8146: 8136: 8134: 8130: 8123: 8119: 8118: 8109: 8102: 8086: 8082: 8072: 8070: 8057: 8056: 8052: 8044: 8040: 8034:The Longest War 8031: 8027: 8013: 8009: 8001: 7997: 7987: 7985: 7980:. 4 July 1988. 7972: 7971: 7967: 7959: 7955: 7947:. p. 454. 7939:Pierre Razoux. 7937: 7933: 7923: 7921: 7917: 7906: 7902: 7901: 7897: 7889: 7880: 7872: 7865: 7855: 7853: 7846: 7830: 7826: 7805: 7801: 7793: 7789: 7784: 7780: 7770: 7768: 7753: 7749: 7742: 7726: 7722: 7714: 7707: 7699: 7690: 7680: 7678: 7671: 7645: 7641: 7631: 7629: 7618: 7611: 7605: 7583: 7579: 7575:, pp. 253. 7571: 7567: 7552: 7538: 7534: 7526: 7522: 7515: 7501: 7497: 7487: 7485: 7476: 7475: 7471: 7462: 7460: 7445: 7441: 7433: 7429: 7421: 7417: 7409: 7405: 7395: 7393: 7386: 7370: 7366: 7356: 7354: 7347: 7331: 7327: 7317: 7315: 7308: 7292: 7288: 7278: 7276: 7269: 7253: 7249: 7239: 7237: 7233: 7222: 7218: 7217: 7213: 7204: 7203: 7199: 7193:Abrahamian 1989 7191: 7184: 7176: 7172: 7162: 7160: 7150: 7149: 7145: 7139:Abrahamian 1989 7137: 7133: 7122: 7118: 7111: 7089: 7085: 7077: 7073: 7067:Abrahamian 1989 7065: 7061: 7051: 7049: 7047: 7031: 7027: 7021:Abrahamian 1989 7019: 7015: 7007: 7003: 6995: 6991: 6980: 6976: 6970:Abrahamian 1989 6968: 6964: 6958:Abrahamian 1989 6956: 6943: 6896:Abrahamian 1989 6881: 6877: 6870: 6856: 6849: 6839: 6837: 6822: 6805: 6799:Abrahamian 1989 6797: 6788: 6757: 6750: 6744:Abrahamian 1989 6742: 6735: 6727: 6716: 6710:Abrahamian 1989 6708: 6704: 6696: 6692: 6682: 6680: 6678: 6662: 6658: 6648: 6646: 6633: 6632: 6628: 6618: 6616: 6603: 6602: 6598: 6583: 6582: 6578: 6564: 6562: 6555: 6540: 6539: 6535: 6525: 6523: 6516: 6500: 6496: 6490: 6476: 6472: 6464: 6460: 6452: 6445: 6435: 6433: 6424: 6423: 6416: 6406: 6404: 6389: 6385: 6379:Abrahamian 1982 6377: 6370: 6360: 6358: 6351: 6335:Shirali, Mahnaz 6332: 6328: 6318: 6316: 6301: 6294: 6288:Abrahamian 1989 6286: 6282: 6273: 6269: 6263:Abrahamian 1982 6261: 6257: 6251:Abrahamian 1982 6249: 6245: 6241:, pp. 145. 6239:Abrahamian 1989 6237: 6233: 6227:Vahabzadeh 2010 6225: 6218: 6208: 6206: 6199:The Daily Beast 6191: 6187: 6181:Abrahamian 1989 6179: 6175: 6165: 6163: 6142: 6135: 6129:Vahabzadeh 2010 6127: 6120: 6109: 6105: 6090: 6086: 6080: 6064: 6060: 6050: 6048: 6035:Abedin, Mahan. 6033: 6029: 6023:Abrahamian 1989 6021: 6017: 6011:Abrahamian 1989 6009: 6005: 5999:Abrahamian 1989 5997: 5993: 5984: 5977: 5971:Abrahamian 1989 5969: 5962: 5954: 5950: 5943: 5929: 5925: 5919:Abrahamian 1982 5917: 5910: 5900: 5898: 5883: 5882: 5878: 5868: 5866: 5861:. 4 July 2018. 5851: 5850: 5846: 5836: 5834: 5823: 5814: 5801: 5799: 5797: 5777: 5773: 5754: 5753: 5749: 5741: 5730: 5722: 5715: 5705: 5703: 5688: 5681: 5671: 5669: 5662: 5642: 5638: 5623: 5616: 5606: 5604: 5597: 5581: 5577: 5567: 5549: 5542: 5532: 5530: 5519: 5515: 5503: 5501: 5494: 5490: 5471: 5462: 5454: 5447: 5437: 5435: 5427:The Independent 5420: 5419: 5415: 5405: 5403: 5394: 5393: 5386: 5376: 5374: 5357: 5344: 5338:Abrahamian 1989 5336: 5332: 5325: 5307: 5303: 5290: 5288: 5273: 5264: 5256: 5237: 5227: 5225: 5223: 5207: 5200: 5190: 5188: 5186: 5170: 5161: 5151: 5149: 5147: 5139:. p. 317. 5127: 5120: 5099: 5095: 5087: 5083: 5069: 5067: 5060: 5040: 5036: 5022: 5020: 5005: 5004: 5000: 4992: 4988: 4974: 4972: 4965: 4949: 4945: 4937: 4930: 4916: 4914: 4907: 4891: 4887: 4879: 4872: 4866:Abrahamian 1989 4864: 4860: 4849: 4829: 4825: 4819:Abrahamian 1989 4817: 4813: 4805: 4801: 4793: 4789: 4779: 4777: 4770: 4750: 4746: 4736: 4734: 4727: 4719:. p. 181. 4707: 4703: 4699: 4690: 4688: 4687:on 12 June 2018 4675:Pedde, Nicola. 4664: 4629: 4621:. p. 105. 4606: 4602: 4588: 4586: 4569: 4550: 4544:Abrahamian 1989 4542: 4538: 4530: 4521: 4513: 4504: 4498:Abrahamian 1989 4496: 4489: 4481: 4474: 4464: 4462: 4455: 4439: 4432: 4422: 4420: 4405: 4404: 4400: 4393: 4381:. Vol. 1. 4375: 4371: 4367: 4354: 4352: 4325: 4302: 4276: 4251: 4249: 4248:. 11 April 2009 4240: 4235: 4228: 4215: 4213: 4196: 4192: 4179: 4177: 4160: 4156: 4148: 4139: 4131: 4127: 4119: 4112: 4108:, pp. 1–2. 4106:Abrahamian 1989 4104: 4097: 4089: 4085: 4077: 4070: 4060: 4058: 4045: 4044: 4040: 4034:Vahabzadeh 2010 4032: 4028: 4010: 4006: 3992: 3991: 3987: 3972: 3968: 3953: 3949: 3934: 3930: 3925:. p. xxii. 3915: 3911: 3898: 3897: 3893: 3885: 3876: 3867: 3865: 3852: 3851: 3844: 3837: 3823: 3814: 3807: 3793:Scarecrow Press 3781: 3777: 3769: 3760: 3755: 3750: 3749: 3736: 3732: 3727: 3723: 3718: 3714: 3710:February 1972. 3708: 3704: 3668: 3661: 3648: 3644: 3639: 3593:Politics portal 3591: 3584: 3577: 3572: 3570: 3567: 3545: 3539: 3522:Iran's deposed 3502:president-elect 3480: 3394: 3389: 3288: 3241: 3144: 3116:Bill Richardson 3096:Michael Mukasey 3046: 3004:Pahlavi dynasty 3000: 2994: 2984:. According to 2912: 2883:Financial Times 2850:Daniel Benjamin 2825:published that 2805:Bill Richardson 2801:James T. Conway 2776:Hillary Clinton 2768: 2668: 2666: 2646: 2644: 2625: 2623: 2607: 2605: 2589: 2587: 2571: 2569: 2553: 2551: 2532: 2530: 2523:Pahlavi dynasty 2510: 2508: 2497: 2492: 2486: 2476: 2439:English edition 2371: 2293: 2179: 2156: 2124: 2119: 2075:Samir Sumaidaie 2063: 2052: 2046: 2043: 2032: 2017: 2013: 2006: 1978:Maryam Azodanlu 1962: 1894: 1752: 1747: 1723:Asadollah Asadi 1697:false flag ploy 1693:Asadollah Asadi 1684: 1670: 1630:Auvers-sur-Oise 1626:Emmanuel Macron 1609: 1585: 1515:and another in 1501: 1495: 1415: 1405: 1314: 1275:Nicolas Sarkozy 1244:Auvers-sur-Oise 1240: 1175: 1169: 1134: 1128: 1058: 1044: 1017: 970: 944: 903: 897: 854: 848: 816:Nojeh coup plot 792: 786: 716: 715: 712: 711: 704: 656: 650: 620:Nahj al-Balagha 608: 607: 606: 605: 601: 600: 599: 591: 590: 579: 574: 389: 362: 352: 351: 350: 349: 348: 340: 339: 316: 262: 260:5,000 to 10,000 259: 242: 219: 213: 212: 203: 197: 196: 187: 181: 180: 171: 165: 164: 155: 149: 148: 139: 123:Split from 106: 104: 101: 91: 89: 87: 71: 63: 33: 32: 29: 27: 19: 12: 11: 5: 20217: 20207: 20206: 20201: 20196: 20191: 20186: 20181: 20176: 20171: 20166: 20161: 20156: 20151: 20146: 20141: 20136: 20131: 20126: 20121: 20116: 20111: 20106: 20101: 20096: 20091: 20086: 20081: 20076: 20071: 20066: 20061: 20056: 20051: 20046: 20041: 20036: 20031: 20026: 20021: 20016: 20011: 20006: 20001: 19996: 19991: 19974: 19973: 19961: 19958: 19957: 19955: 19954: 19949: 19943: 19941: 19937: 19936: 19934: 19933: 19927: 19925: 19921: 19920: 19918: 19917: 19912: 19907: 19902: 19897: 19892: 19887: 19882: 19876: 19874: 19870: 19869: 19867: 19866: 19861: 19855: 19853: 19849: 19848: 19846: 19845: 19840: 19835: 19830: 19825: 19820: 19818:Ahmad Khomeini 19814: 19812: 19808: 19807: 19805: 19804: 19799: 19794: 19789: 19784: 19779: 19773: 19771: 19767: 19766: 19764: 19763: 19757: 19755: 19751: 19750: 19743: 19742: 19735: 19728: 19720: 19711: 19710: 19698: 19695: 19694: 19692: 19691: 19686: 19681: 19676: 19671: 19666: 19661: 19656: 19651: 19646: 19645: 19644: 19634: 19629: 19624: 19619: 19613: 19611: 19607: 19606: 19604: 19603: 19598: 19593: 19588: 19583: 19577: 19575: 19565: 19564: 19562: 19561: 19556: 19551: 19546: 19541: 19536: 19531: 19526: 19521: 19516: 19511: 19506: 19505: 19504: 19499: 19494: 19489: 19479: 19474: 19468: 19466: 19462: 19461: 19459: 19458: 19453: 19448: 19447: 19446: 19441: 19436: 19431: 19426: 19421: 19420: 19419: 19414: 19399: 19394: 19393: 19392: 19387: 19382: 19377: 19372: 19362: 19357: 19356: 19355: 19350: 19340: 19335: 19334: 19333: 19323: 19322: 19321: 19311: 19310: 19309: 19308: 19307: 19300:Qatif conflict 19297: 19292: 19281: 19279: 19273: 19272: 19270: 19269: 19263: 19261: 19257: 19256: 19254: 19253: 19248: 19243: 19237: 19235: 19231: 19230: 19209: 19208: 19201: 19194: 19186: 19177: 19176: 19166: 19163: 19162: 19160: 19159: 19152: 19145: 19138: 19133: 19128: 19123: 19118: 19113: 19108: 19103: 19098: 19093: 19092: 19091: 19081: 19076: 19071: 19066: 19061: 19056: 19051: 19046: 19041: 19036: 19031: 19026: 19021: 19016: 19011: 19006: 19004:American Islam 19001: 18996: 18990: 18988: 18984: 18983: 18981: 18980: 18979: 18978: 18968: 18963: 18958: 18956:Karan Vafadari 18953: 18951:Kian Tajbakhsh 18948: 18943: 18938: 18933: 18928: 18923: 18918: 18913: 18908: 18903: 18898: 18893: 18888: 18883: 18878: 18873: 18868: 18863: 18858: 18853: 18848: 18843: 18838: 18833: 18828: 18823: 18818: 18813: 18808: 18803: 18798: 18793: 18788: 18783: 18778: 18773: 18768: 18766:Elliott Abrams 18763: 18762: 18761: 18751: 18746: 18741: 18736: 18731: 18726: 18721: 18718: 18713: 18708: 18703: 18698: 18692: 18690: 18686: 18685: 18683: 18682: 18677: 18670: 18665: 18660: 18655: 18650: 18645: 18640: 18635: 18630: 18625: 18620: 18615: 18610: 18605: 18600: 18595: 18590: 18585: 18580: 18575: 18574: 18573: 18568: 18558: 18553: 18548: 18547: 18546: 18535: 18533: 18527: 18526: 18524: 18523: 18518: 18513: 18508: 18503: 18491: 18486: 18481: 18476: 18471: 18466: 18461: 18456: 18455: 18454: 18444: 18439: 18434: 18429: 18424: 18419: 18414: 18409: 18404: 18399: 18394: 18389: 18388: 18387: 18382: 18377: 18372: 18367: 18357: 18352: 18344: 18339: 18334: 18329: 18324: 18319: 18314: 18313: 18312: 18302: 18297: 18292: 18287: 18282: 18277: 18272: 18267: 18266: 18265: 18258: 18253: 18248: 18243: 18238: 18236:Canadian Caper 18233: 18228: 18223: 18218: 18208: 18203: 18197: 18195: 18189: 18188: 18186: 18185: 18184: 18183: 18178: 18173: 18168: 18163: 18153: 18148: 18143: 18138: 18133: 18132: 18131: 18126: 18116: 18111: 18106: 18105: 18104: 18099: 18094: 18089: 18084: 18079: 18074: 18069: 18064: 18059: 18054: 18043: 18041: 18037: 18036: 18034: 18033: 18032: 18031: 18026: 18021: 18016: 18011: 18006: 18001: 17991: 17986: 17981: 17976: 17971: 17966: 17961: 17956: 17951: 17950: 17949: 17939: 17934: 17929: 17923: 17921: 17917: 17916: 17914: 17913: 17908: 17903: 17898: 17893: 17888: 17883: 17878: 17873: 17868: 17862: 17860: 17856: 17855: 17834: 17833: 17826: 17819: 17811: 17802: 17801: 17791: 17788: 17787: 17785: 17784: 17779: 17774: 17769: 17764: 17759: 17754: 17749: 17744: 17738: 17736: 17732: 17731: 17728: 17727: 17725: 17724: 17719: 17716:Praying Mantis 17712: 17705: 17698: 17691: 17684: 17674: 17672: 17668: 17667: 17665: 17664: 17657: 17652: 17645: 17638: 17631: 17619: 17612: 17602: 17595: 17588: 17583: 17577: 17575: 17571: 17570: 17568: 17567: 17560: 17553: 17546: 17539: 17532: 17525: 17518: 17510: 17503: 17496: 17489: 17481: 17474: 17462: 17454: 17452: 17448: 17447: 17445: 17444: 17439: 17432: 17425: 17420: 17413: 17405: 17398: 17391: 17384: 17377: 17370: 17363: 17356: 17348: 17342: 17340: 17336: 17335: 17333: 17332: 17320: 17313: 17306: 17298: 17296: 17292: 17291: 17289: 17288: 17283: 17275: 17273: 17269: 17268: 17266: 17265: 17258: 17251: 17244: 17237: 17232: 17225: 17218: 17213: 17206: 17200: 17198: 17195:Iraqi invasion 17191: 17190: 17188: 17187: 17182: 17177: 17172: 17171: 17170: 17165: 17155: 17154: 17153: 17151:Algiers Accord 17143: 17142: 17141: 17136: 17131: 17120: 17118: 17111: 17107: 17106: 17104: 17103: 17102: 17101: 17096: 17091: 17090: 17089: 17079: 17074: 17073: 17072: 17067: 17054: 17049: 17048: 17047: 17042: 17037: 17031:United States 17029: 17028: 17027: 17022: 17012: 17007: 17002: 16997: 16992: 16987: 16982: 16977: 16972: 16967: 16962: 16961: 16960: 16949: 16947: 16938: 16937: 16930: 16929: 16922: 16915: 16907: 16898: 16897: 16895: 16894: 16889: 16883: 16880: 16879: 16877: 16876: 16871: 16866: 16861: 16856: 16851: 16846: 16841: 16840: 16839: 16834: 16829: 16821: 16815: 16813: 16809: 16808: 16806: 16805: 16800: 16799: 16798: 16787: 16785: 16779: 16778: 16776: 16775: 16770: 16765: 16759: 16757: 16751: 16750: 16748: 16747: 16742: 16737: 16732: 16727: 16722: 16721: 16720: 16710: 16705: 16700: 16695: 16694: 16693: 16688: 16678: 16673: 16668: 16663: 16662: 16661: 16650: 16648: 16642: 16641: 16636: 16633: 16632: 16625: 16624: 16617: 16610: 16602: 16593: 16592: 16582: 16579: 16578: 16576: 16575: 16570: 16565: 16560: 16554: 16552: 16546: 16545: 16543: 16542: 16537: 16532: 16526: 16524: 16520: 16519: 16517: 16516: 16511: 16506: 16501: 16496: 16491: 16486: 16481: 16476: 16471: 16466: 16461: 16456: 16451: 16446: 16441: 16436: 16431: 16426: 16421: 16416: 16410: 16408: 16404: 16403: 16401: 16400: 16395: 16390: 16385: 16380: 16375: 16373:Zohreh Akhyani 16370: 16365: 16360: 16355: 16350: 16345: 16340: 16335: 16330: 16325: 16320: 16315: 16310: 16305: 16300: 16295: 16293:Mousa Khiabani 16290: 16288:Zahra Merrikhi 16285: 16283:Massoud Rajavi 16280: 16274: 16272: 16266: 16265: 16263: 16262: 16257: 16252: 16247: 16242: 16236: 16234: 16230: 16229: 16222: 16221: 16214: 16207: 16199: 16193: 16192: 16180: 16168: 16157: 16156:External links 16154: 16152: 16151: 16137: 16110: 16089: 16066: 16060: 16045: 16039: 16017: 16011: 15995: 15989: 15970: 15956: 15934: 15911: 15905: 15888: 15856: 15850: 15832: 15826: 15797: 15792:978-0765682840 15791: 15766: 15760: 15740: 15715: 15713: 15710: 15707: 15706: 15683: 15656: 15646:, 8 April 2012 15629: 15627:, p. 300. 15617: 15591: 15558: 15556:, p. 206. 15546: 15535:(3): 426–439. 15519: 15507: 15489: 15479: 15461: 15449: 15428: 15413: 15401: 15392: 15383: 15374: 15352: 15331: 15311: 15285: 15263: 15238: 15205: 15196: 15190: 15170: 15163: 15135: 15133:, p. 104. 15120: 15086: 15080: 15062: 15047: 15019: 14999: 14992: 14970: 14963: 14951:(March 2011). 14940: 14933: 14911: 14884: 14854: 14821: 14814: 14792: 14768: 14738: 14709: 14677: 14670: 14652: 14645: 14627: 14625:, p. 245. 14615: 14613:, p. 209. 14603: 14601:, p. 229. 14591: 14589:, p. 140. 14579: 14577:, p. 127. 14567: 14548: 14534:Barker, Eileen 14524: 14518: 14494: 14492:, p. 185. 14482: 14470: 14463: 14445: 14426: 14402: 14383: 14348: 14312: 14305: 14299:. p. 86. 14283: 14271: 14241: 14239: 14238: 14225: 14221:Foreign Policy 14212: 14199: 14186: 14165: 14133: 14107: 14072: 14042: 14027:on 7 July 2018 14007: 13972: 13942: 13936: 13918: 13912: 13894: 13868: 13832: 13800: 13774: 13760: 13738: 13723:. Euobserver. 13708: 13664: 13646:The New Yorker 13628: 13613: 13574: 13543: 13507: 13481: 13450: 13420: 13388: 13359: 13327: 13301: 13256: 13221: 13185: 13145: 13128:BBC News فارسی 13115: 13077: 13045: 13034: 13006: 12999: 12977: 12945: 12939: 12921: 12909: 12899: 12871: 12865: 12847: 12810: 12798: 12768: 12752:Foreign Policy 12738: 12704: 12692: 12664: 12653: 12635: 12625: 12607: 12577: 12539: 12508: 12501: 12477: 12460:Foreign Policy 12446: 12420: 12410: 12392: 12385: 12367: 12355: 12353:, p. 301. 12343: 12311: 12279: 12272: 12255: 12248: 12230: 12223: 12205: 12174: 12164: 12146: 12139: 12117: 12079: 12047: 12015: 11982: 11951: 11936: 11905: 11874: 11868:978-1599752976 11867: 11849: 11816: 11773: 11752:(1): 173–177. 11730: 11720: 11702: 11695: 11673: 11661: 11631: 11600: 11588: 11571:Foreign Policy 11556: 11554: 11553: 11550: 11547: 11544: 11541: 11538: 11535: 11529: 11526: 11516: 11501: 11486: 11471: 11469:, p. 166. 11456: 11439: 11437:, p. 181. 11427: 11396: 11381: 11379:, p. 233. 11369: 11337: 11331: 11313: 11281: 11264: 11234: 11232:, p. 170. 11219: 11217:, p. 107. 11207: 11195: 11183: 11171: 11159: 11157:, p. 491. 11144: 11142:, p. 490. 11132: 11120: 11118:, p. 100. 11108: 11096: 11068:(1): 105–135. 11045: 11033: 11001: 10971: 10941: 10910: 10880: 10850: 10820: 10790: 10770: 10752: 10719: 10689: 10658: 10627: 10594: 10575: 10555: 10524: 10490: 10462: 10432: 10408: 10377: 10345: 10315: 10285: 10246: 10216: 10184: 10153: 10122: 10107:. p. 48. 10105:The New Yorker 10091: 10084: 10060: 10039:Porter, Gareth 10030: 10013: 9988:Porter, Gareth 9976: 9950: 9914: 9888: 9862: 9839: 9808: 9777: 9747: 9719: 9688: 9658: 9632: 9602: 9584: 9554: 9527: 9515: 9500: 9493: 9475: 9442: 9415: 9388: 9362: 9335: 9305: 9303: 9302: 9286:978-0199969494 9285: 9266: 9256:(1): 117–139. 9229: 9217: 9182: 9170: 9158: 9120: 9082: 9075: 9048: 9033: 9006: 8995: 8980: 8961: 8938: 8931: 8905: 8879: 8853: 8817: 8786: 8769:Spiegel Online 8752: 8719: 8693: 8667: 8636: 8604: 8570: 8537: 8505: 8474: 8444: 8410: 8403: 8379: 8347: 8329: 8314: 8282: 8275: 8257: 8231: 8205: 8172: 8165: 8144: 8107: 8100: 8080: 8050: 8048:, p. 102. 8038: 8025: 8007: 7995: 7965: 7953: 7931: 7920:on 7 June 2013 7895: 7893:, pp. 22. 7878: 7876:, pp. 20. 7863: 7844: 7824: 7799: 7797:, p. 256. 7787: 7778: 7747: 7741:978-0765802552 7740: 7720: 7705: 7688: 7669: 7639: 7609: 7603: 7577: 7565: 7550: 7532: 7530:, p. 243. 7520: 7513: 7495: 7469: 7439: 7427: 7415: 7403: 7384: 7364: 7345: 7325: 7306: 7286: 7267: 7247: 7211: 7197: 7182: 7170: 7157:New York Times 7143: 7131: 7116: 7109: 7083: 7081:, p. 212. 7071: 7059: 7045: 7025: 7013: 7011:, p. 206. 7001: 6989: 6974: 6962: 6960:, p. 197. 6941: 6939: 6938: 6925: 6905: 6899: 6893: 6875: 6868: 6847: 6803: 6786: 6767:(1): 108–129. 6748: 6733: 6714: 6702: 6690: 6676: 6656: 6626: 6596: 6576: 6553: 6533: 6514: 6494: 6488: 6470: 6458: 6443: 6414: 6391:Gambrel, Jon. 6383: 6368: 6349: 6326: 6292: 6290:, p. 152. 6280: 6267: 6255: 6253:, p. 493. 6243: 6231: 6216: 6185: 6183:, p. 136. 6173: 6133: 6131:, p. 168. 6118: 6103: 6084: 6078: 6058: 6027: 6015: 6003: 5991: 5975: 5960: 5948: 5941: 5923: 5921:, p. 489. 5908: 5876: 5844: 5812: 5795: 5771: 5747: 5728: 5713: 5679: 5660: 5636: 5614: 5595: 5575: 5565: 5540: 5513: 5511: 5510: 5488: 5460: 5458:, p. 105. 5445: 5413: 5384: 5342: 5340:, p. 208. 5330: 5323: 5301: 5262: 5235: 5221: 5198: 5184: 5159: 5145: 5118: 5093: 5081: 5058: 5034: 4998: 4986: 4963: 4943: 4941:, p. 101. 4928: 4905: 4885: 4870: 4858: 4847: 4823: 4811: 4799: 4787: 4768: 4762:. p. 27. 4744: 4725: 4701: 4698: 4697: 4672: 4662: 4643: 4637: 4627: 4607: 4600: 4548: 4536: 4519: 4502: 4487: 4485:, p. 100. 4472: 4453: 4430: 4419:on 25 May 2019 4398: 4391: 4385:. p. 28. 4369: 4366: 4365: 4338: 4332: 4323: 4310: 4300: 4283: 4274: 4261: 4237: 4226: 4190: 4154: 4137: 4125: 4110: 4095: 4083: 4068: 4038: 4026: 4004: 4001:. p. 208. 3985: 3982:. p. 284. 3966: 3963:. p. 188. 3957:Civilian Jihad 3947: 3928: 3917:Saikal, Amin. 3909: 3891: 3889:, p. 250. 3874: 3860:, 9 May 2018, 3842: 3835: 3812: 3805: 3775: 3773:, p. 208. 3757: 3756: 3754: 3751: 3748: 3747: 3745: 3744: 3741: 3730: 3721: 3712: 3702: 3700: 3699: 3695:Foreign Policy 3690: 3679: 3659: 3651:Massoud Rajavi 3641: 3640: 3638: 3635: 3634: 3633: 3628: 3623: 3618: 3613: 3608: 3603: 3597: 3596: 3582: 3566: 3563: 3541:Main article: 3538: 3535: 3479: 3476: 3402:Saddam Hussein 3393: 3390: 3388: 3385: 3365:Massoud Rajavi 3307:Massoud Rajavi 3287: 3284: 3240: 3237: 3143: 3140: 3120:James L. Jones 3076:foreign policy 3045: 3042: 2993: 2990: 2986:Spiegel Online 2911: 2908: 2767: 2764: 2685: 2684: 2677: 2675:United Nations 2663: 2662: 2655: 2642: 2638: 2637: 2634: 2620: 2619: 2616: 2602: 2601: 2598: 2596:European Union 2584: 2583: 2580: 2578:United Kingdom 2566: 2565: 2562: 2549: 2545: 2544: 2541: 2527: 2526: 2519: 2506: 2496: 2493: 2485: 2482: 2434:The Federalist 2370: 2367: 2328:Foreign Policy 2303:Directorate 14 2292: 2289: 2183:United Nations 2178: 2175: 2170:New York Times 2155: 2152: 2123: 2120: 2118: 2115: 2065: 2064: 2020: 2018: 2011: 2005: 2002: 1974:Massoud Rajavi 1961: 1958: 1893: 1890: 1865:Nezam-i-Towhid 1834:Nezam-i Towhid 1751: 1748: 1746: 1743: 1701:Hassan Rouhani 1688:Belgian police 1669: 1666: 1622:Hassan Rouhani 1608: 1605: 1595:is located in 1584: 1581: 1494: 1491: 1419:Nuri al-Maliki 1404: 1401: 1313: 1310: 1302:Jacques Chirac 1263:hunger strikes 1239: 1236: 1230:. In 2002 the 1220:pitch invasion 1206:match between 1168: 1165: 1130:Main article: 1127: 1124: 1074:Jacques Chirac 1066:Saddam Hussein 1043: 1040: 1032:Massoud Rajavi 1021:Mousa Khiabani 1016: 1013: 943: 940: 899:Main article: 896: 893: 858:Massoud Rajavi 850:Main article: 847: 844: 801:Massoud Rajavi 788:Main article: 785: 782: 731:Massoud Rajavi 720: 719: 701: 700: 695: 694:Kazem Zolanvar 691: 690: 689:Taghi Shahram 687: 683: 682: 678: 677: 674: 671: 668: 665: 649: 646: 603: 602: 593: 592: 584: 583: 582: 581: 580: 578: 575: 573: 570: 566:Saddam Hussein 484:Massoud Rajavi 476:intelligentsia 463:to oppose the 391: 390: 388: 387: 382: 377: 371: 368: 367: 359: 358: 354: 353: 342: 341: 333: 332: 331: 330: 329: 326: 325: 321: 320: 314: 310: 309: 304: 300: 299: 294: 288: 287: 280: 274: 273: 257: 253: 252: 249: 245: 244: 243:(1981–present) 237: 236:Political wing 233: 232: 225: 221: 220: 218: 217: 201: 185: 169: 153: 136: 134: 130: 129: 124: 120: 119: 118:1981 (in Iran) 116: 112: 111: 98: 94: 93: 84: 80: 79: 77:Zahra Merrikhi 74: 68: 67: 65:Massoud Rajavi 58: 52: 51: 50:PMOI, MEK, MKO 48: 44: 43: 35: 34: 25: 24: 17: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 20216: 20205: 20202: 20200: 20197: 20195: 20192: 20190: 20187: 20185: 20182: 20180: 20177: 20175: 20172: 20170: 20167: 20165: 20162: 20160: 20157: 20155: 20152: 20150: 20147: 20145: 20142: 20140: 20137: 20135: 20132: 20130: 20127: 20125: 20122: 20120: 20117: 20115: 20112: 20110: 20107: 20105: 20102: 20100: 20097: 20095: 20092: 20090: 20087: 20085: 20082: 20080: 20077: 20075: 20072: 20070: 20067: 20065: 20062: 20060: 20057: 20055: 20052: 20050: 20047: 20045: 20042: 20040: 20037: 20035: 20032: 20030: 20027: 20025: 20022: 20020: 20017: 20015: 20012: 20010: 20007: 20005: 20002: 20000: 19999:Iran–Iraq War 19997: 19995: 19992: 19990: 19987: 19986: 19984: 19971: 19970: 19959: 19953: 19950: 19948: 19945: 19944: 19942: 19938: 19932: 19929: 19928: 19926: 19922: 19916: 19913: 19911: 19908: 19906: 19903: 19901: 19898: 19896: 19893: 19891: 19888: 19886: 19883: 19881: 19878: 19877: 19875: 19871: 19865: 19862: 19860: 19857: 19856: 19854: 19850: 19844: 19843:Mohsen Rezaee 19841: 19839: 19836: 19834: 19831: 19829: 19826: 19824: 19821: 19819: 19816: 19815: 19813: 19809: 19803: 19802:Alireza Avayi 19800: 19798: 19795: 19793: 19790: 19788: 19785: 19783: 19780: 19778: 19777:Ebrahim Raisi 19775: 19774: 19772: 19768: 19762: 19759: 19758: 19756: 19752: 19748: 19741: 19736: 19734: 19729: 19727: 19722: 19721: 19718: 19708: 19707: 19696: 19690: 19687: 19685: 19682: 19680: 19677: 19675: 19672: 19670: 19667: 19665: 19662: 19660: 19657: 19655: 19652: 19650: 19647: 19643: 19640: 19639: 19638: 19635: 19633: 19630: 19628: 19625: 19623: 19620: 19618: 19615: 19614: 19612: 19608: 19602: 19599: 19597: 19594: 19592: 19589: 19587: 19584: 19582: 19579: 19578: 19576: 19574:member states 19573: 19566: 19560: 19557: 19555: 19552: 19550: 19547: 19545: 19542: 19540: 19537: 19535: 19532: 19530: 19527: 19525: 19522: 19520: 19517: 19515: 19512: 19510: 19507: 19503: 19500: 19498: 19495: 19493: 19490: 19488: 19485: 19484: 19483: 19480: 19478: 19475: 19473: 19470: 19469: 19467: 19463: 19457: 19454: 19452: 19449: 19445: 19442: 19440: 19437: 19435: 19432: 19430: 19427: 19425: 19422: 19418: 19415: 19413: 19410: 19409: 19408: 19405: 19404: 19403: 19402:Yemeni crisis 19400: 19398: 19395: 19391: 19388: 19386: 19383: 19381: 19378: 19376: 19373: 19371: 19368: 19367: 19366: 19363: 19361: 19358: 19354: 19351: 19349: 19346: 19345: 19344: 19341: 19339: 19336: 19332: 19329: 19328: 19327: 19324: 19320: 19317: 19316: 19315: 19314:Iran–Iraq War 19312: 19306: 19303: 19302: 19301: 19298: 19296: 19293: 19291: 19288: 19287: 19286: 19283: 19282: 19280: 19278: 19274: 19268: 19265: 19264: 19262: 19258: 19252: 19249: 19247: 19244: 19242: 19239: 19238: 19236: 19232: 19226: 19221: 19216: 19207: 19202: 19200: 19195: 19193: 19188: 19187: 19184: 19174: 19164: 19158: 19157: 19153: 19151: 19150: 19146: 19143: 19139: 19137: 19134: 19132: 19129: 19127: 19124: 19122: 19119: 19117: 19114: 19112: 19109: 19107: 19104: 19102: 19099: 19097: 19094: 19090: 19087: 19086: 19085: 19082: 19080: 19077: 19075: 19072: 19070: 19067: 19065: 19062: 19060: 19057: 19055: 19052: 19050: 19047: 19045: 19042: 19040: 19037: 19035: 19032: 19030: 19027: 19025: 19022: 19020: 19017: 19015: 19012: 19010: 19007: 19005: 19002: 19000: 18997: 18995: 18992: 18991: 18989: 18985: 18977: 18974: 18973: 18972: 18969: 18967: 18964: 18962: 18959: 18957: 18954: 18952: 18949: 18947: 18944: 18942: 18939: 18937: 18934: 18932: 18929: 18927: 18926:Maryam Rajavi 18924: 18922: 18919: 18917: 18914: 18912: 18909: 18907: 18904: 18902: 18901:Siamak Namazi 18899: 18897: 18896:Baquer Namazi 18894: 18892: 18889: 18887: 18884: 18882: 18879: 18877: 18874: 18872: 18869: 18867: 18864: 18862: 18859: 18857: 18854: 18852: 18851:Sirous Asgari 18849: 18847: 18846:Shahram Amiri 18844: 18842: 18839: 18837: 18836:Saeed Abedini 18834: 18832: 18831:Roxana Saberi 18829: 18827: 18824: 18822: 18819: 18817: 18814: 18812: 18811:Jason Rezaian 18809: 18807: 18804: 18802: 18799: 18797: 18794: 18792: 18791:Robert Malley 18789: 18787: 18784: 18782: 18779: 18777: 18774: 18772: 18769: 18767: 18764: 18760: 18757: 18756: 18755: 18752: 18750: 18747: 18745: 18742: 18740: 18737: 18735: 18732: 18730: 18727: 18725: 18722: 18719: 18717: 18714: 18712: 18709: 18707: 18704: 18702: 18699: 18697: 18694: 18693: 18691: 18687: 18681: 18678: 18676: 18675: 18671: 18669: 18666: 18664: 18661: 18659: 18656: 18654: 18651: 18649: 18646: 18644: 18641: 18639: 18636: 18634: 18631: 18629: 18626: 18624: 18621: 18619: 18616: 18614: 18611: 18609: 18606: 18604: 18601: 18599: 18596: 18594: 18591: 18589: 18586: 18584: 18581: 18579: 18576: 18572: 18569: 18567: 18564: 18563: 18562: 18559: 18557: 18554: 18552: 18549: 18545: 18542: 18541: 18540: 18537: 18536: 18534: 18532: 18528: 18522: 18519: 18517: 18514: 18512: 18509: 18507: 18504: 18502: 18501: 18497: 18492: 18490: 18487: 18485: 18482: 18480: 18477: 18475: 18472: 18470: 18467: 18465: 18462: 18460: 18457: 18453: 18450: 18449: 18448: 18445: 18443: 18440: 18438: 18435: 18433: 18430: 18428: 18425: 18423: 18420: 18418: 18415: 18413: 18410: 18408: 18405: 18403: 18400: 18398: 18395: 18393: 18390: 18386: 18383: 18381: 18378: 18376: 18373: 18371: 18368: 18366: 18363: 18362: 18361: 18358: 18356: 18353: 18351: 18350: 18349:Maersk Tigris 18345: 18343: 18340: 18338: 18335: 18333: 18330: 18328: 18325: 18323: 18320: 18318: 18315: 18311: 18308: 18307: 18306: 18303: 18301: 18298: 18296: 18293: 18291: 18288: 18286: 18283: 18281: 18278: 18276: 18273: 18271: 18268: 18264: 18263: 18259: 18257: 18254: 18252: 18249: 18247: 18244: 18242: 18239: 18237: 18234: 18232: 18229: 18227: 18224: 18222: 18219: 18217: 18214: 18213: 18212: 18209: 18207: 18204: 18202: 18199: 18198: 18196: 18194: 18190: 18182: 18179: 18177: 18174: 18172: 18169: 18167: 18164: 18162: 18159: 18158: 18157: 18154: 18152: 18149: 18147: 18144: 18142: 18139: 18137: 18134: 18130: 18127: 18125: 18122: 18121: 18120: 18117: 18115: 18112: 18110: 18107: 18103: 18100: 18098: 18095: 18093: 18090: 18088: 18085: 18083: 18080: 18078: 18075: 18073: 18070: 18068: 18065: 18063: 18060: 18058: 18055: 18053: 18050: 18049: 18048: 18047:Iran–Iraq War 18045: 18044: 18042: 18038: 18030: 18027: 18025: 18022: 18020: 18017: 18015: 18012: 18010: 18007: 18005: 18002: 18000: 17997: 17996: 17995: 17992: 17990: 17987: 17985: 17982: 17980: 17977: 17975: 17972: 17970: 17967: 17965: 17962: 17960: 17957: 17955: 17952: 17948: 17945: 17944: 17943: 17940: 17938: 17935: 17933: 17930: 17928: 17925: 17924: 17922: 17918: 17912: 17909: 17907: 17904: 17902: 17899: 17897: 17894: 17892: 17889: 17887: 17884: 17882: 17879: 17877: 17874: 17872: 17869: 17867: 17864: 17863: 17861: 17857: 17851: 17846: 17841: 17832: 17827: 17825: 17820: 17818: 17813: 17812: 17809: 17799: 17789: 17783: 17780: 17778: 17777:Order of Fath 17775: 17773: 17770: 17768: 17765: 17763: 17760: 17758: 17755: 17753: 17750: 17748: 17745: 17743: 17740: 17739: 17737: 17733: 17723: 17720: 17718: 17717: 17713: 17711: 17710: 17709:Nimble Archer 17706: 17704: 17703: 17702:Eager Glacier 17699: 17697: 17696: 17692: 17690: 17689: 17685: 17683: 17681: 17676: 17675: 17673: 17669: 17663: 17662: 17658: 17656: 17653: 17651: 17650: 17649:Eternal Light 17646: 17644: 17643: 17639: 17637: 17636: 17632: 17629: 17625: 17624: 17620: 17618: 17617: 17613: 17610: 17606: 17603: 17601: 17600: 17596: 17594: 17593: 17589: 17587: 17584: 17582: 17579: 17578: 17576: 17572: 17566: 17565: 17564:Mountain Mast 17561: 17559: 17558: 17554: 17552: 17551: 17547: 17545: 17544: 17540: 17538: 17537: 17533: 17531: 17530: 17526: 17524: 17523: 17519: 17517: 17515: 17511: 17509: 17508: 17504: 17502: 17501: 17497: 17495: 17494: 17490: 17488: 17486: 17482: 17480: 17479: 17475: 17472: 17468: 17467: 17463: 17461: 17460: 17456: 17455: 17453: 17449: 17443: 17440: 17438: 17437: 17433: 17431: 17430: 17426: 17424: 17421: 17419: 17418: 17414: 17412: 17410: 17406: 17404: 17403: 17399: 17397: 17396: 17392: 17390: 17389: 17385: 17383: 17382: 17378: 17376: 17375: 17371: 17369: 17368: 17364: 17362: 17361: 17357: 17355: 17353: 17349: 17347: 17344: 17343: 17341: 17337: 17330: 17326: 17325: 17321: 17319: 17318: 17317:Fath-ol-Mobin 17314: 17312: 17311: 17310:Tariq-ol-Qods 17307: 17305: 17304: 17300: 17299: 17297: 17293: 17287: 17284: 17282: 17281: 17277: 17276: 17274: 17270: 17264: 17263: 17259: 17257: 17256: 17252: 17250: 17249: 17245: 17243: 17242: 17238: 17236: 17233: 17231: 17230: 17226: 17224: 17223: 17219: 17217: 17214: 17212: 17211: 17207: 17205: 17202: 17201: 17199: 17196: 17192: 17186: 17183: 17181: 17178: 17176: 17173: 17169: 17166: 17164: 17161: 17160: 17159: 17156: 17152: 17149: 17148: 17147: 17144: 17140: 17137: 17135: 17132: 17130: 17127: 17126: 17125: 17122: 17121: 17119: 17115: 17112: 17108: 17100: 17097: 17095: 17092: 17088: 17085: 17084: 17083: 17080: 17078: 17077:Sipay Rizgari 17075: 17071: 17068: 17066: 17063: 17062: 17061: 17058: 17057: 17055: 17053: 17050: 17046: 17043: 17041: 17038: 17036: 17033: 17032: 17030: 17026: 17023: 17021: 17018: 17017: 17016: 17013: 17011: 17008: 17006: 17003: 17001: 16998: 16996: 16993: 16991: 16988: 16986: 16983: 16981: 16978: 16976: 16973: 16971: 16968: 16966: 16963: 16959: 16956: 16955: 16954: 16951: 16950: 16948: 16946: 16939: 16935: 16934:Iran–Iraq War 16928: 16923: 16921: 16916: 16914: 16909: 16908: 16905: 16893: 16890: 16888: 16885: 16884: 16881: 16875: 16872: 16870: 16867: 16865: 16862: 16860: 16857: 16855: 16852: 16850: 16847: 16845: 16842: 16838: 16835: 16833: 16830: 16828: 16825: 16824: 16822: 16820: 16817: 16816: 16814: 16812:Ethnic groups 16810: 16804: 16801: 16797: 16794: 16793: 16792: 16789: 16788: 16786: 16784: 16780: 16774: 16771: 16769: 16766: 16764: 16761: 16760: 16758: 16756: 16752: 16746: 16743: 16741: 16738: 16736: 16733: 16731: 16728: 16726: 16723: 16719: 16716: 16715: 16714: 16711: 16709: 16706: 16704: 16701: 16699: 16696: 16692: 16689: 16687: 16684: 16683: 16682: 16679: 16677: 16674: 16672: 16669: 16667: 16664: 16660: 16657: 16656: 16655: 16652: 16651: 16649: 16647: 16643: 16639: 16634: 16630: 16623: 16618: 16616: 16611: 16609: 16604: 16603: 16600: 16590: 16580: 16574: 16573:Camp Ashraf 3 16571: 16569: 16566: 16564: 16561: 16559: 16558:Camp Fallujah 16556: 16555: 16553: 16551: 16547: 16541: 16538: 16536: 16533: 16531: 16528: 16527: 16525: 16521: 16515: 16512: 16510: 16507: 16505: 16502: 16500: 16497: 16495: 16492: 16490: 16487: 16485: 16482: 16480: 16477: 16475: 16472: 16470: 16467: 16465: 16462: 16460: 16457: 16455: 16452: 16450: 16447: 16445: 16442: 16440: 16437: 16435: 16432: 16430: 16427: 16425: 16422: 16420: 16417: 16415: 16412: 16411: 16409: 16405: 16399: 16396: 16394: 16391: 16389: 16386: 16384: 16381: 16379: 16376: 16374: 16371: 16369: 16366: 16364: 16361: 16359: 16356: 16354: 16351: 16349: 16346: 16344: 16341: 16339: 16338:Mahnaz Samadi 16336: 16334: 16331: 16329: 16326: 16324: 16321: 16319: 16316: 16314: 16311: 16309: 16306: 16304: 16303:Habib Khabiri 16301: 16299: 16298:Ashraf Rabiei 16296: 16294: 16291: 16289: 16286: 16284: 16281: 16279: 16278:Maryam Rajavi 16276: 16275: 16273: 16271: 16267: 16261: 16258: 16256: 16253: 16251: 16248: 16246: 16243: 16241: 16238: 16237: 16235: 16233:Organizations 16231: 16227: 16220: 16215: 16213: 16208: 16206: 16201: 16200: 16197: 16190: 16185: 16181: 16178: 16173: 16169: 16165: 16160: 16159: 16148: 16144: 16140: 16134: 16130: 16126: 16122: 16118: 16117: 16111: 16107: 16103: 16099: 16095: 16090: 16086: 16082: 16078: 16074: 16073: 16067: 16063: 16057: 16053: 16052: 16046: 16042: 16036: 16032: 16028: 16027: 16022: 16018: 16014: 16008: 16004: 16000: 15996: 15992: 15986: 15982: 15978: 15977: 15971: 15967: 15963: 15959: 15953: 15949: 15945: 15944: 15939: 15935: 15928: 15924: 15917: 15912: 15908: 15902: 15898: 15894: 15889: 15885: 15881: 15877: 15873: 15869: 15865: 15861: 15857: 15853: 15847: 15843: 15842: 15837: 15833: 15829: 15823: 15819: 15815: 15811: 15807: 15803: 15798: 15794: 15788: 15784: 15780: 15776: 15772: 15767: 15763: 15757: 15753: 15749: 15745: 15741: 15737: 15733: 15729: 15725: 15721: 15717: 15716: 15695: 15694: 15687: 15673:, 7 July 2013 15672: 15671: 15666: 15660: 15645: 15641: 15640: 15633: 15626: 15621: 15606: 15605:Bloomberg L.P 15602: 15595: 15579: 15575: 15571: 15570: 15562: 15555: 15550: 15542: 15538: 15534: 15530: 15523: 15516: 15511: 15503: 15499: 15493: 15486: 15482: 15476: 15472: 15465: 15458: 15453: 15446: 15441: 15439: 15437: 15435: 15433: 15425: 15420: 15418: 15410: 15405: 15396: 15387: 15378: 15362: 15356: 15348: 15347: 15342: 15335: 15327: 15326: 15321: 15315: 15299: 15295: 15289: 15273: 15267: 15259: 15255: 15254: 15249: 15242: 15226: 15222: 15221: 15216: 15209: 15200: 15193: 15187: 15183: 15182: 15174: 15166: 15160: 15156: 15152: 15148: 15142: 15140: 15132: 15127: 15125: 15108: 15104: 15100: 15096: 15090: 15083: 15077: 15073: 15066: 15059: 15054: 15052: 15036: 15035: 15030: 15023: 15015: 15014: 15009: 15003: 14995: 14989: 14985: 14981: 14974: 14966: 14960: 14956: 14955: 14950: 14944: 14936: 14930: 14926: 14922: 14915: 14900: 14896: 14895: 14888: 14873: 14866: 14865: 14858: 14842: 14838: 14837: 14832: 14825: 14817: 14811: 14807: 14803: 14796: 14788: 14784: 14779: 14772: 14756: 14752: 14748: 14742: 14727: 14723: 14716: 14714: 14697: 14693: 14692: 14687: 14681: 14673: 14667: 14663: 14656: 14648: 14642: 14638: 14631: 14624: 14619: 14612: 14607: 14600: 14595: 14588: 14583: 14576: 14571: 14555: 14551: 14545: 14541: 14540: 14535: 14528: 14521: 14515: 14511: 14507: 14506: 14498: 14491: 14486: 14480:, p. 98. 14479: 14474: 14466: 14460: 14456: 14449: 14433: 14429: 14423: 14419: 14415: 14414: 14406: 14399: 14394: 14387: 14379: 14375: 14371: 14367: 14363: 14359: 14352: 14337: 14333: 14329: 14325: 14324:Milani, Abbas 14319: 14317: 14308: 14302: 14298: 14294: 14287: 14280: 14275: 14259: 14255: 14254:oac.cdlib.org 14251: 14245: 14236:(in Spanish). 14235: 14231: 14226: 14222: 14218: 14213: 14210:(in Spanish). 14209: 14205: 14200: 14197:(in Spanish). 14196: 14192: 14187: 14183: 14179: 14174: 14173: 14169: 14153: 14149: 14148: 14143: 14137: 14129: 14125: 14124: 14118: 14111: 14104: 14091: 14087: 14083: 14076: 14061: 14057: 14056:The Intercept 14053: 14046: 14039: 14026: 14022: 14018: 14011: 14004: 13991: 13987: 13983: 13976: 13960: 13956: 13953: 13946: 13939: 13933: 13929: 13922: 13915: 13909: 13905: 13898: 13882: 13878: 13872: 13856: 13852: 13851: 13846: 13839: 13837: 13817: 13810: 13804: 13788: 13784: 13778: 13771: 13764: 13756: 13752: 13745: 13743: 13726: 13722: 13715: 13713: 13705: 13703: 13699: 13685: 13681: 13674: 13668: 13652: 13648: 13647: 13642: 13635: 13633: 13624: 13617: 13601: 13597: 13593: 13589: 13585: 13578: 13562: 13558: 13554: 13547: 13531: 13527: 13526: 13521: 13517: 13511: 13495: 13491: 13485: 13469: 13465: 13461: 13454: 13439: 13435: 13431: 13424: 13409: 13405: 13404:National Post 13401: 13395: 13393: 13377: 13373: 13369: 13363: 13344: 13337: 13331: 13315: 13311: 13305: 13287: 13280: 13279: 13271: 13269: 13267: 13265: 13263: 13261: 13253: 13240: 13236: 13232: 13225: 13218: 13205: 13201: 13200: 13195: 13189: 13182: 13170: 13166: 13162: 13161: 13156: 13149: 13133: 13129: 13125: 13119: 13103: 13099: 13098: 13097:The Intercept 13093: 13086: 13084: 13082: 13065: 13061: 13060: 13055: 13049: 13042: 13041:Intelligence. 13037: 13031: 13027: 13023: 13019: 13018: 13010: 13002: 12996: 12992: 12988: 12981: 12965: 12961: 12960: 12955: 12949: 12942: 12936: 12932: 12925: 12918: 12913: 12906: 12902: 12896: 12892: 12888: 12884: 12883: 12875: 12868: 12862: 12858: 12851: 12843: 12839: 12835: 12831: 12827: 12823: 12822: 12814: 12807: 12802: 12787: 12783: 12779: 12772: 12757: 12753: 12749: 12742: 12724: 12717: 12716: 12708: 12702:, p. 61. 12701: 12696: 12681: 12677: 12676: 12668: 12661: 12656: 12650: 12646: 12639: 12632: 12628: 12622: 12618: 12611: 12596: 12592: 12588: 12581: 12563: 12559: 12552: 12546: 12544: 12528: 12527: 12522: 12515: 12513: 12504: 12498: 12494: 12490: 12489: 12481: 12465: 12461: 12457: 12450: 12434: 12430: 12424: 12417: 12413: 12407: 12403: 12396: 12388: 12382: 12378: 12371: 12365:, p. 70. 12364: 12359: 12352: 12347: 12331: 12327: 12326: 12321: 12315: 12308: 12304: 12300: 12295: 12289: 12283: 12275: 12269: 12265: 12259: 12251: 12245: 12241: 12234: 12226: 12220: 12216: 12209: 12193: 12189: 12185: 12178: 12171: 12167: 12165:9781317063612 12161: 12157: 12150: 12142: 12140:9780313380884 12136: 12132: 12128: 12121: 12105: 12101: 12097: 12093: 12089: 12083: 12067: 12063: 12062: 12057: 12051: 12035: 12031: 12030: 12025: 12019: 12003: 11999: 11998: 11993: 11986: 11970: 11966: 11962: 11955: 11948: 11943: 11941: 11924: 11920: 11916: 11909: 11893: 11889: 11885: 11878: 11870: 11864: 11860: 11853: 11837: 11833: 11832: 11827: 11820: 11801: 11797: 11793: 11792: 11784: 11777: 11769: 11765: 11760: 11755: 11751: 11747: 11746: 11741: 11734: 11727: 11723: 11717: 11713: 11706: 11698: 11692: 11688: 11684: 11677: 11670: 11665: 11649: 11645: 11641: 11635: 11619: 11615: 11611: 11604: 11597: 11592: 11577: 11573: 11572: 11567: 11560: 11551: 11548: 11545: 11542: 11539: 11536: 11533: 11530: 11527: 11524: 11523: 11520: 11512: 11505: 11497: 11490: 11482: 11475: 11468: 11463: 11461: 11453: 11448: 11446: 11444: 11436: 11431: 11415: 11411: 11407: 11400: 11392: 11385: 11378: 11373: 11357: 11353: 11352: 11347: 11341: 11334: 11328: 11324: 11317: 11301: 11297: 11296: 11291: 11285: 11279:, p. 73. 11278: 11273: 11271: 11269: 11252: 11248: 11244: 11238: 11231: 11226: 11224: 11216: 11211: 11204: 11199: 11192: 11187: 11180: 11175: 11168: 11163: 11156: 11151: 11149: 11141: 11136: 11130:, p. 11. 11129: 11124: 11117: 11112: 11105: 11100: 11081: 11076: 11071: 11067: 11063: 11056: 11049: 11042: 11037: 11021: 11017: 11016: 11011: 11005: 10989: 10985: 10981: 10975: 10959: 10955: 10951: 10945: 10929: 10925: 10921: 10914: 10898: 10894: 10890: 10884: 10869: 10865: 10861: 10854: 10838: 10834: 10830: 10824: 10808: 10804: 10800: 10794: 10786: 10785: 10780: 10774: 10766: 10762: 10756: 10740: 10736: 10732: 10726: 10724: 10707: 10703: 10699: 10693: 10677: 10673: 10669: 10662: 10646: 10642: 10638: 10631: 10615: 10611: 10607: 10601: 10599: 10582: 10578: 10572: 10568: 10567: 10559: 10543: 10539: 10535: 10528: 10521: 10509: 10505: 10501: 10494: 10487: 10483: 10479: 10478: 10473: 10466: 10450: 10446: 10442: 10436: 10428: 10424: 10423: 10418: 10412: 10396: 10392: 10388: 10381: 10366: 10362: 10361: 10360:The Intercept 10356: 10349: 10334: 10330: 10326: 10319: 10303: 10299: 10295: 10289: 10273: 10269: 10265: 10261: 10257: 10250: 10234: 10230: 10226: 10220: 10204: 10200: 10199: 10194: 10188: 10172: 10168: 10164: 10157: 10141: 10137: 10133: 10126: 10110: 10106: 10102: 10095: 10087: 10081: 10077: 10073: 10072: 10064: 10048: 10044: 10040: 10034: 10027: 10022: 10020: 10018: 10001: 9997: 9993: 9989: 9983: 9981: 9964: 9960: 9954: 9938: 9934: 9933: 9928: 9921: 9919: 9902: 9898: 9892: 9876: 9872: 9866: 9858: 9854: 9850: 9843: 9827: 9823: 9819: 9812: 9796: 9792: 9788: 9781: 9765: 9761: 9757: 9751: 9735: 9731: 9723: 9707: 9703: 9702:Time Magazine 9699: 9692: 9676: 9672: 9668: 9662: 9646: 9642: 9636: 9620: 9616: 9612: 9606: 9598: 9594: 9588: 9572: 9568: 9564: 9558: 9542: 9538: 9531: 9524: 9519: 9511: 9504: 9496: 9490: 9486: 9479: 9463: 9459: 9455: 9449: 9447: 9430: 9426: 9419: 9403: 9399: 9392: 9376: 9372: 9366: 9350: 9346: 9339: 9323: 9319: 9316: 9309: 9300: 9288: 9282: 9278: 9274: 9273: 9267: 9263: 9259: 9255: 9251: 9247: 9242: 9241: 9239: 9233: 9226: 9221: 9205: 9201: 9197: 9193: 9186: 9180:, p. 47. 9179: 9174: 9167: 9162: 9146: 9142: 9138: 9131: 9129: 9127: 9125: 9108: 9104: 9100: 9093: 9091: 9089: 9087: 9078: 9072: 9068: 9064: 9060: 9059: 9052: 9045: 9040: 9038: 9021: 9017: 9010: 8999: 8991: 8984: 8968: 8964: 8958: 8954: 8953: 8945: 8943: 8934: 8928: 8924: 8919: 8918: 8909: 8893: 8889: 8883: 8867: 8863: 8857: 8841: 8837: 8833: 8826: 8824: 8822: 8805: 8801: 8797: 8790: 8774: 8770: 8766: 8759: 8757: 8740: 8736: 8732: 8726: 8724: 8707: 8703: 8697: 8681: 8677: 8671: 8655: 8651: 8647: 8640: 8625: 8621: 8617: 8611: 8609: 8592: 8588: 8584: 8577: 8575: 8558: 8554: 8551: 8544: 8542: 8526: 8522: 8518: 8512: 8510: 8493: 8489: 8485: 8478: 8462: 8458: 8454: 8448: 8432: 8428: 8424: 8417: 8415: 8406: 8400: 8396: 8392: 8391: 8383: 8364: 8357: 8351: 8345: 8341: 8338: 8333: 8326: 8321: 8319: 8299: 8292: 8286: 8278: 8272: 8268: 8261: 8245: 8241: 8235: 8227: 8223: 8222: 8216: 8209: 8193: 8189: 8185: 8179: 8177: 8168: 8162: 8158: 8151: 8149: 8129: 8122: 8116: 8114: 8112: 8103: 8097: 8093: 8092: 8084: 8068: 8064: 8060: 8054: 8047: 8042: 8035: 8032:Hiro, Dilip, 8029: 8022: 8018: 8011: 8004: 7999: 7983: 7979: 7975: 7969: 7962: 7957: 7950: 7946: 7942: 7935: 7916: 7912: 7905: 7899: 7892: 7887: 7885: 7883: 7875: 7870: 7868: 7851: 7847: 7845:9781412980166 7841: 7837: 7836: 7828: 7821: 7817: 7813: 7809: 7803: 7796: 7791: 7782: 7766: 7762: 7758: 7751: 7743: 7737: 7734:. Routledge. 7733: 7732: 7724: 7717: 7712: 7710: 7702: 7697: 7695: 7693: 7676: 7672: 7666: 7662: 7658: 7654: 7650: 7643: 7627: 7623: 7616: 7614: 7606: 7600: 7596: 7592: 7588: 7581: 7574: 7569: 7561: 7557: 7553: 7547: 7543: 7536: 7529: 7524: 7516: 7510: 7507:. Routledge. 7506: 7499: 7483: 7479: 7473: 7458: 7454: 7450: 7443: 7436: 7431: 7424: 7419: 7412: 7407: 7391: 7387: 7381: 7377: 7376: 7368: 7352: 7348: 7342: 7338: 7337: 7329: 7313: 7309: 7303: 7300:. Routledge. 7299: 7298: 7290: 7274: 7270: 7264: 7260: 7259: 7251: 7232: 7228: 7227:www.state.gov 7221: 7215: 7207: 7201: 7194: 7189: 7187: 7180:, p. 32. 7179: 7174: 7159: 7158: 7153: 7147: 7140: 7135: 7127: 7120: 7112: 7106: 7102: 7098: 7094: 7087: 7080: 7075: 7068: 7063: 7048: 7042: 7038: 7037: 7029: 7022: 7017: 7010: 7005: 6999:, p. 15. 6998: 6993: 6985: 6978: 6971: 6966: 6959: 6954: 6952: 6950: 6948: 6946: 6936: 6931: 6926: 6923: 6919: 6915: 6911: 6906: 6903: 6900: 6897: 6894: 6891: 6888: 6887: 6885: 6879: 6871: 6865: 6861: 6854: 6852: 6835: 6831: 6827: 6820: 6818: 6816: 6814: 6812: 6810: 6808: 6800: 6795: 6793: 6791: 6782: 6778: 6774: 6770: 6766: 6762: 6755: 6753: 6745: 6740: 6738: 6730: 6725: 6723: 6721: 6719: 6711: 6706: 6700:, p. 56. 6699: 6694: 6679: 6673: 6669: 6668: 6660: 6644: 6640: 6639:www.state.gov 6636: 6630: 6614: 6610: 6606: 6600: 6593: 6588: 6587: 6580: 6573: 6560: 6556: 6550: 6546: 6545: 6537: 6521: 6517: 6511: 6508:. Routledge. 6507: 6506: 6498: 6491: 6485: 6481: 6474: 6468:, p. 80. 6467: 6462: 6456:, p. 14. 6455: 6450: 6448: 6431: 6427: 6421: 6419: 6402: 6398: 6394: 6387: 6380: 6375: 6373: 6356: 6352: 6346: 6342: 6341: 6336: 6330: 6314: 6310: 6306: 6299: 6297: 6289: 6284: 6277: 6271: 6264: 6259: 6252: 6247: 6240: 6235: 6228: 6223: 6221: 6204: 6200: 6196: 6189: 6182: 6177: 6161: 6157: 6156: 6151: 6147: 6140: 6138: 6130: 6125: 6123: 6114: 6107: 6100: 6095: 6088: 6081: 6075: 6071: 6070: 6062: 6046: 6042: 6038: 6031: 6025:, p. 88. 6024: 6019: 6012: 6007: 6001:, p. 87. 6000: 5995: 5988: 5982: 5980: 5972: 5967: 5965: 5958:, p. 66. 5957: 5952: 5944: 5938: 5934: 5927: 5920: 5915: 5913: 5896: 5892: 5891: 5886: 5880: 5864: 5860: 5859: 5854: 5848: 5832: 5828: 5821: 5819: 5817: 5809: 5798: 5792: 5788: 5784: 5783: 5775: 5767: 5763: 5762: 5757: 5751: 5745:, p. 59. 5744: 5739: 5737: 5735: 5733: 5725: 5720: 5718: 5701: 5697: 5693: 5686: 5684: 5667: 5663: 5661:9781351050579 5657: 5653: 5649: 5648: 5640: 5633:. p. 78. 5632: 5628: 5621: 5619: 5602: 5598: 5592: 5588: 5587: 5579: 5572: 5568: 5562: 5558: 5554: 5547: 5545: 5528: 5524: 5517: 5500: 5493: 5489: 5485: 5484: 5479: 5474: 5473: 5469: 5467: 5465: 5457: 5452: 5450: 5433: 5429: 5428: 5423: 5417: 5401: 5397: 5391: 5389: 5372: 5368: 5367: 5362: 5355: 5353: 5351: 5349: 5347: 5339: 5334: 5326: 5320: 5316: 5312: 5305: 5298: 5286: 5282: 5278: 5271: 5269: 5267: 5259: 5254: 5252: 5250: 5248: 5246: 5244: 5242: 5240: 5224: 5222:9780820415901 5218: 5214: 5213: 5205: 5203: 5187: 5181: 5177: 5176: 5168: 5166: 5164: 5148: 5142: 5138: 5134: 5133: 5125: 5123: 5115: 5111: 5107: 5103: 5097: 5090: 5085: 5078: 5065: 5061: 5055: 5051: 5047: 5046: 5038: 5031: 5018: 5014: 5013: 5008: 5002: 4995: 4990: 4983: 4970: 4966: 4960: 4957:. Routledge. 4956: 4955: 4947: 4940: 4935: 4933: 4925: 4912: 4908: 4902: 4898: 4897: 4889: 4883:, p. 85. 4882: 4877: 4875: 4867: 4862: 4855: 4850: 4844: 4840: 4836: 4835: 4827: 4820: 4815: 4808: 4803: 4796: 4791: 4775: 4771: 4765: 4761: 4757: 4756: 4748: 4732: 4728: 4722: 4718: 4714: 4713: 4705: 4686: 4682: 4678: 4673: 4670: 4665: 4659: 4655: 4651: 4650: 4644: 4641: 4638: 4635: 4630: 4624: 4620: 4616: 4615: 4609: 4608: 4604: 4597: 4584: 4580: 4579: 4574: 4567: 4565: 4563: 4561: 4559: 4557: 4555: 4553: 4545: 4540: 4533: 4528: 4526: 4524: 4516: 4511: 4509: 4507: 4499: 4494: 4492: 4484: 4479: 4477: 4460: 4456: 4450: 4446: 4445: 4437: 4435: 4418: 4414: 4413: 4408: 4402: 4394: 4388: 4384: 4380: 4373: 4363: 4350: 4349: 4344: 4339: 4336: 4333: 4330: 4326: 4320: 4316: 4311: 4308: 4303: 4297: 4293: 4289: 4284: 4281: 4277: 4271: 4267: 4262: 4259: 4247: 4246:The Economist 4243: 4239: 4238: 4233: 4231: 4223: 4211: 4207: 4206: 4201: 4194: 4187: 4175: 4171: 4170: 4165: 4158: 4152:, p. 97. 4151: 4146: 4144: 4142: 4134: 4129: 4123:, p. 23. 4122: 4117: 4115: 4107: 4102: 4100: 4092: 4087: 4081:, p. 99. 4080: 4075: 4073: 4056: 4052: 4048: 4042: 4035: 4030: 4022: 4018: 4014: 4013:Abedin, Mahan 4008: 4000: 3996: 3989: 3981: 3977: 3970: 3962: 3958: 3951: 3944:. p. 60. 3943: 3939: 3932: 3924: 3920: 3913: 3905: 3901: 3895: 3888: 3883: 3881: 3879: 3863: 3859: 3855: 3849: 3847: 3838: 3832: 3828: 3821: 3819: 3817: 3808: 3802: 3798: 3794: 3789: 3788: 3779: 3772: 3767: 3765: 3763: 3758: 3742: 3739: 3738: 3734: 3725: 3716: 3706: 3697: 3696: 3691: 3688: 3684: 3680: 3677: 3676: 3671: 3670: 3666: 3664: 3656: 3652: 3646: 3642: 3632: 3629: 3627: 3624: 3622: 3619: 3617: 3614: 3612: 3609: 3607: 3604: 3602: 3599: 3598: 3594: 3588: 3583: 3580: 3569: 3562: 3560: 3559: 3554: 3550: 3544: 3534: 3532: 3531:Iran–Iraq War 3528: 3525: 3520: 3518: 3514: 3510: 3505: 3503: 3498: 3494: 3490: 3486: 3475: 3473: 3469: 3468: 3463: 3462: 3455: 3453: 3449: 3443: 3434: 3430: 3425: 3423: 3419: 3414: 3409: 3407: 3406:Iran-Iraq War 3403: 3399: 3384: 3382: 3378: 3374: 3370: 3369:Maryam Rajavi 3366: 3361: 3359: 3355: 3351: 3347: 3343: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3322: 3320: 3319:Maryam Rajavi 3316: 3312: 3308: 3303: 3301: 3297: 3293: 3283: 3280: 3275: 3271: 3268: 3262: 3260: 3255: 3250: 3245: 3236: 3234: 3230: 3226: 3222: 3218: 3214: 3213:indoctrinated 3210: 3204: 3202: 3198: 3194: 3191:, threats of 3190: 3186: 3182: 3179:to beatings, 3178: 3174: 3170: 3166: 3163:In May 2005, 3161: 3159: 3158: 3157:Time magazine 3153: 3149: 3139: 3136: 3134: 3133: 3127: 3125: 3121: 3117: 3113: 3109: 3108:Rudy Giuliani 3105: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3089: 3083: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3067: 3065: 3060: 3056: 3052: 3041: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3026: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3013: 3009: 3005: 2999: 2989: 2987: 2983: 2982:United States 2979: 2974: 2971: 2967: 2963: 2962:Seymour Hersh 2958: 2956: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2938: 2934: 2929: 2927: 2916: 2907: 2905: 2901: 2897: 2892: 2889: 2885: 2884: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2870:Shaul Bakhash 2867: 2863: 2861: 2860: 2855: 2851: 2848:In May 2018, 2846: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2832: 2828: 2824: 2823: 2822:The Intercept 2818: 2813: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2797:Newt Gingrich 2794: 2793:Rudy Giuliani 2790: 2786: 2784: 2779: 2777: 2773: 2763: 2761: 2757: 2753: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2733:James Woolsey 2730: 2729:Seymour Hersh 2725: 2722: 2720: 2716: 2711: 2709: 2705: 2700: 2698: 2697: 2692: 2682: 2678: 2676: 2665: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2654: 2643: 2639: 2635: 2633: 2622: 2621: 2617: 2615: 2604: 2603: 2599: 2597: 2586: 2585: 2581: 2579: 2568: 2567: 2563: 2561: 2560:United States 2550: 2546: 2542: 2540: 2529: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2518: 2507: 2503: 2500: 2491: 2481: 2479: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2447:The Intercept 2444: 2440: 2436: 2435: 2430: 2429: 2424: 2423: 2418: 2417: 2412: 2411: 2405: 2404: 2403:The Intercept 2398: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2381: 2377: 2366: 2364: 2359: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2340: 2338: 2334: 2329: 2325: 2324:Rick Francona 2320: 2316: 2311: 2309: 2308:interrogation 2304: 2300: 2299: 2288: 2286: 2282: 2277: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2262: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2247: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2236:Maryam Rajavi 2233: 2228: 2226: 2222: 2217: 2215: 2210: 2209:United States 2205: 2203: 2200:. Initially, 2199: 2195: 2190: 2188: 2184: 2174: 2172: 2171: 2166: 2162: 2151: 2147: 2145: 2139: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2122:Organizations 2114: 2110: 2108: 2103: 2097: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2082: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2061: 2058: 2050: 2040: 2036: 2030: 2029: 2025: 2019: 2010: 2009: 2001: 1998: 1997:Maryam Rajavi 1994: 1992: 1988: 1982: 1979: 1975: 1970: 1968: 1957: 1955: 1954:Maryam Rajavi 1950: 1946: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1926: 1924: 1920: 1915: 1911: 1903: 1898: 1888: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1847:, especially 1846: 1840: 1837: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1822: 1820: 1816: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1788: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1761: 1758: 1742: 1740: 1736: 1731: 1728: 1724: 1719: 1718: 1712: 1708: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1689: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1665: 1663: 1658: 1657:Rudy Giuliani 1649: 1645: 1641: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1614: 1604: 1602: 1601:Durrës County 1598: 1594: 1593:Camp Ashraf 3 1590: 1580: 1578: 1577:Ali Shamkhani 1574: 1569: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1550: 1546: 1544: 1539: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1528:Seymour Hersh 1524: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1500: 1490: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1467: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1456:Maryam Rajavi 1453: 1449: 1445: 1444: 1439: 1434: 1432: 1428: 1423: 1420: 1414: 1410: 1400: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1373:Sima-ye-Azadi 1370: 1366: 1361: 1359: 1355: 1350: 1348: 1344: 1343:U.S. Military 1340: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1318: 1309: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1294:Sam Brownback 1292:U.S. Senator 1290: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1259: 1257: 1256:Maryam Rajavi 1253: 1252:Maryam Rajavi 1249: 1245: 1235: 1233: 1229: 1223: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1194:In June 1998 1192: 1188: 1186: 1181: 1174: 1164: 1160: 1158: 1153: 1150: 1145: 1143: 1142:were executed 1139: 1133: 1123: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1108:Iran–Iraq War 1104: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1092: 1086: 1084: 1083:Iran–Iraq War 1080: 1075: 1067: 1062: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1048:Iran–Iraq War 1039: 1037: 1033: 1028: 1026: 1025:Ashraf Rabiei 1022: 1012: 1010: 1006: 1002: 997: 995: 991: 987: 983: 979: 975: 969: 965: 957: 953: 948: 939: 937: 932: 928: 924: 920: 916: 912: 908: 902: 892: 890: 886: 881: 879: 873: 871: 867: 863: 859: 853: 843: 841: 837: 832: 828: 823: 821: 817: 813: 809: 804: 802: 798: 791: 781: 779: 774: 772: 768: 764: 761: 757: 753: 748: 744: 740: 734: 732: 728: 708: 702: 699: 692: 684: 679: 675: 672: 663: 662: 655: 645: 643: 638: 636: 632: 627: 625: 621: 617: 613: 597: 588: 569: 567: 563: 559: 554: 552: 548: 544: 540: 536: 532: 528: 527:Iran-Iraq War 524: 520: 516: 512: 508: 503: 501: 498:(IRP) in the 497: 493: 489: 485: 481: 477: 473: 469: 466: 462: 457: 455: 454:Iran–Iraq War 450: 446: 442: 437: 431: 422: 418: 414: 410: 406: 402: 398: 386: 383: 381: 378: 376: 373: 372: 369: 365: 360: 355: 346: 337: 327: 322: 315: 311: 308: 305: 301: 298: 295: 293: 289: 286: 285: 281: 279: 275: 266: 258: 254: 250: 248:Military wing 246: 241: 238: 234: 231: 230: 226: 222: 210: 206: 202: 194: 190: 186: 178: 174: 170: 162: 158: 154: 146: 142: 141:Camp Ashraf 3 138: 137: 135: 131: 128: 125: 121: 117: 113: 99: 95: 85: 81: 78: 75: 69: 66: 62: 61:Maryam Rajavi 59: 57: 53: 49: 45: 41: 36: 22: 16: 19962: 19900:Worker's Way 19879: 19833:Ali Khamenei 19792:Majid Ansari 19770:Perpetrators 19699: 19673: 19154: 19147: 19014:Axis of evil 18946:Morad Tahbaz 18916:Noor Pahlavi 18816:Scott Ritter 18758: 18672: 18499: 18495: 18348: 18260: 18251:Negotiations 17999:Negotiations 17715: 17708: 17701: 17695:Prime Chance 17694: 17688:Earnest Will 17687: 17679: 17660: 17648: 17641: 17634: 17622: 17615: 17598: 17591: 17563: 17556: 17549: 17542: 17535: 17528: 17521: 17513: 17506: 17499: 17492: 17484: 17477: 17465: 17458: 17435: 17428: 17416: 17408: 17401: 17394: 17387: 17380: 17373: 17366: 17359: 17351: 17323: 17316: 17309: 17302: 17279: 17261: 17254: 17247: 17240: 17229:Scorch Sword 17228: 17221: 17209: 17175:Ba'ath Party 17139:Baghdad Pact 17015:Soviet Union 16958:Arms-to-Iraq 16941:Participants 16740:Labour Party 16718:Worker's Way 16653: 16568:Camp Liberty 16540:Simaye Azadi 16464:1981 in Iran 16378:Jafar Kazemi 16348:Jafar Kazemi 16308:Kazem Rajavi 16239: 16225: 16191:at Wikiquote 16115: 16097: 16093: 16085:j.ctt1j5d726 16071: 16050: 16031:I. B. Tauris 16025: 16002: 15975: 15942: 15892: 15867: 15863: 15860:Cohen, Ronen 15840: 15836:Cohen, Ronen 15806:Terrornomics 15805: 15801: 15770: 15752:I. B. Tauris 15747: 15723: 15712:Bibliography 15698:, retrieved 15692: 15686: 15675:, retrieved 15668: 15659: 15648:, retrieved 15638: 15632: 15620: 15608:. Retrieved 15604: 15594: 15582:. Retrieved 15578:the original 15568: 15561: 15549: 15532: 15528: 15522: 15517:, p. 9. 15510: 15502:The Guardian 15501: 15492: 15484: 15470: 15464: 15457:Cimment 2011 15452: 15445:Katzman 2001 15404: 15395: 15386: 15377: 15365:. Retrieved 15355: 15344: 15334: 15323: 15314: 15302:. Retrieved 15298:the original 15288: 15276:. Retrieved 15266: 15251: 15241: 15229:. Retrieved 15225:the original 15218: 15208: 15199: 15180: 15173: 15150: 15131:Katzman 2001 15111:. Retrieved 15107:the original 15089: 15071: 15065: 15038:. 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