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Communists objected to his growing role in the movement. His attempts to unify the leagues and resistance to registering them as unions conflicted with their own goal of attaining legitimacy, and his use of violent revolutionary rhetoric made them worry about retaliation from the military and police.
105:
The populist
Brazilian government's attitude towards the leagues varied from neutral to positive over time, while that of the military and police was uniformly negative. The armed forces in the Brazilian Northeast had many connections to wealthy landowners whose enterprises were threatened by the
92:
When the PCB began struggling with political pressure in the late 1950s, Francisco Julião began taking on the business of establishing and organizing leagues. In
January 1955, Francisco Julião made one of the most important associations legal, the SAPPP, which used to fight for peasants' rights
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instead of food for native consumption and refusing to develop land which could not support those crops, a belief partly shared by outsiders to communism. The goal of the communists was to raise the rural workers' standard of living sufficiently so that a classic
Marxist capitalist-to-socialist
64:(PDT) and other socialists. The leagues were founded to improve rural workers' living standards; their later objective was to oppose the region's power of
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Brazilian communists founded the leagues, who believed that the latifundia, which had always dominated the
Brazilian economy, were in a
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activities of the leagues, and they would go to extraordinary lengths to curtail league activity. The
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in their outlook; the armed forces crushed these groups alongside the peasant leagues following the
259:
132:
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established organizations in the
Northeast that functioned similarly but were conservative and
200:
107:
293:
214:
Keeping
Communism Down on the Farm: The Brazilian Rural Labor Movement during the Cold War
184:
Keeping
Communism Down on the Farm: The Brazilian Rural Labor Movement during the Cold War
171:
Keeping
Communism Down on the Farm: The Brazilian Rural Labor Movement during the Cold War
158:
Keeping
Communism Down on the Farm: The Brazilian Rural Labor Movement during the Cold War
8:
49:
29:
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41:
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and were conspiring to oppress the working class by forcing rural workers to produce
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37:
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Disunity and
Discontent: A Study of Peasant Political Movements in Brazil
85:
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20:
Meeting of peasants who participated in the Leagues from 1955 to 1964
16:
45:
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and other small agriculturalists. They originated in the
270:
173:, Latin American Perspectives Vol.33, pg. 28-50.
243:Current Intelligence Weekly Summary 1 June 1962
216:, Latin American Perspectives Vol.33, pg. 30.
186:, Latin American Perspectives Vol.33, pg. 30.
160:, Latin American Perspectives Vol.33, pg. 29.
138:Tiradentes Revolutionary Movement (1961-1962)
256:Revolution or Counter-Revolution in Brazil?
36:) were social organizations composed of
15:
271:
254:Wiarda, Iêda S. and Wiarda, Howard J.
56:(PCB), and were later picked up by
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14:
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231:Journal of Latin American Studies
52:in the 1950s, organized by the
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1:
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304:Far-left politics in Brazil
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100:
10:
320:
299:Social movements in Brazil
128:Landless Workers' Movement
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279:Fourth Brazilian Republic
93:before its legalization.
54:Brazilian Communist Party
260:The Massachusetts Review
89:transition could occur.
133:League of Poor Peasants
80:relationship with the
62:Democratic Labor Party
33:
21:
289:Land rights movements
201:Luso-Brazilian Review
197:Land Reform in Brazil
19:
284:Communism in Brazil
50:Northeastern Brazil
42:subsistence farmers
60:, a member of the
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225:Forman, Shepard.
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233:Vol.3, pp.14-16.
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195:Smith, T. Lynn.
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58:Francisco Julião
34:ligas camponesas
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108:Catholic Church
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26:peasant leagues
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5:
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212:Welch, Cliff.
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182:Welch, Cliff.
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169:Welch, Cliff.
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156:Welch, Cliff.
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112:anti-communist
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82:United States
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38:sharecroppers
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78:semicolonial
75:
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294:Land reform
273:Categories
144:References
86:cash crops
66:latifundia
48:region of
30:Portuguese
116:1964 coup
122:See also
101:Reaction
72:History
46:agreste
245:pg.7
24:The
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28:(
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