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309:(stream length per unit area) of Peace Vallis and its tributaries is very low. There is a lack of highly integrated fluvial channels, and the areas between the tributary valleys (interfluves) are undissected by smaller valleys or gullies. The drainage density of the Peace Vallis system has been estimated to be 0.15 km. In contrast, drainage densities of rivers on Earth range from 2 to 30 km. Factors that control drainage density include slope, rock type (which determines
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has an average thickness of 9 m (30 ft). Numerous inverted channels are visible on the western surface of the fan. Runoff through Peace Vallis that made the fan is estimated to be between 600 and 6,000 m (0.37 and 3.73 mi); therefore a hydrologic cycle probably lasted at least thousands of years. The water that flowed in Peace Vallis is believed to be from precipitation, possibly in the form of snow.
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294:(or catchment) covers an area of about 1,500 km (579 mi). This area sits 1,300 m (4,265 ft) above the crater floor and consists of gently sloping plains interspersed with hills roughly 100 to 350 m (328 to 1,148 ft) high. These irregular hills are mostly mantled with debris that appear to be some combination of
274:
characterized by a branching (dendritic) pattern of tributary valleys that resembles river drainage basins on Earth. They are common on the older heavily cratered regions of Mars. Most planetary scientists agree that valley networks were formed by flowing water, but the source of the water is still
436:
rover landed near the end of the Peace Vallis fan. Peace Vallis fan covers 80 km (31 sq mi) and obtained water from an area of 730 km (280 sq mi). Peace Vallis enters Gale Crater through a 15 km-wide (9.3 mi) gap in its rim. Calculations suggest that the fan
204:
of Mars and drains approximately 1,500 square kilometers (580 sq mi) of the northern rim of Gale Crater. While the stream was active, surface water and groundwater drained to the south into a low-lying plain in the northern interior of the crater
907:
Palucis, M.C.; Dietrich, W.E.; Hayes, A.; Williams, R.M.E. et al. (2013). Origin and
Evolution of the Peace Vallis Fan System that Drains into the Curiosity Landing Area, Gale Crater. "44th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference", Abstract #1607.
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Newsom, H.E.; Scuderi, L.A.; Gallegos, Z.E.; Williams, J.M.; Dimitracopoulos, F.D.; Tornabene, L.L.; Wiens, R.C.; Gasnault, O. (2021). Evidence for
Glacial and Fluvial Processes on Gale Crater Rim—Dulce Vallis.
239:
The northern rim of Gale Crater is heavily eroded and hosts a number of geomorphic features indicating the effects of flowing water. These include valleys, gullies, and canyons; sinuous ridges interpreted to be
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540:
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594:
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Le Deit, L.; Hauber, E.; Fueten, F.; Pondrelli, M.; Pio Rossi, A.; Jaumann, R. (2013). Sequence of
Infilling Events in Gale Crater, Mars: Results from Morphology, Stratigraphy, and Mineralogy.
313:) and climate (mainly precipitation). The low drainage density of Peace Vallis suggests an environment of relatively gentle slopes, very low (or infrequent) precipitation, permeable soils or
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Newsom, H.E.; Scuderi, L.A.; Gallegos, Z.E.; Nagle-McNaughton, T.P.; Tornabene, L.L. et al. (2019). Southern
Watershed and Fluvial History of the Peace Vallis Fan System, Gale Crater, Mars.
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Scuderi, L.A.; Gallegos, Z.E.; Newsom, H.E.; Wiens, R..C. (2019). Amazonian
Groundwater Springline at Peace Vallis Fan, Gale Crater; Implications for a Late Period of Surface Habitability.
645:
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Palucis, Marisa C.; Dietrich, William E.; Hayes, Alexander G.; Williams, Rebecca M. E.; Gupta, Sanjeev; Mangold, Nicholas; Newsom, Horton; Hardgrove, Craig; Calef, Fred; Sumner, Dawn Y.
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Newsom, H.E.; Scuderi, L.A.; Gallegos, Z.E.; Tornabene, L.L.; Wiens, R.C. (2020). Evidence for
Glacial Processes on Gale Crater Rim Surfaces from New HiRise Observations.
954:
Anderson, R.B.; Bell, J.F. (2010). Geologic
Mapping and Characterization of Gale Crater and Implications for Its Potential as a Mars Science Laboratory Landing Site.
818:"Mineralogy and fluvial history of the watersheds of Gale, Knobel, and Sharp craters: A regional context for the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity's exploration"
448:
324:, with widths ranging from 80 to 900 meters (262 to 2,950 feet) and a mean of 300 meters (984 feet). The main or trunk valley is about 32 km (20 miles) long.
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302:. Erosion of the watershed surface has produced a mottled scoured appearance, suggesting mobilization and transport of sediments into topographic lows.
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244:; and alluvial fan-like mesas. Peace Vallis and its alluvial fan is the largest and best studied of these fluvial features in northern Gale Crater.
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Newsom, H.E.; Scuderi, L.A.; Gallegos, Z.E. et al. (2020). New HiRISE Observations of Gale Crater Rim
Surfaces—Evidence for Glacial Processes.
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Williams, R.M.E.; Grotzinger, J.P.; Dietrich, W.E.; Gupta, S.; Sumner, D.Y. et al. (2013). Martian
Fluvial Conglomerates at Gale Crater.
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also suggest that at least one glacial episode affected Gale crater. All of this evidence has implications for the history of
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debated. Some argue that rainfall on a warm and wet early mars produced them. Others have suggested they were produced by
224:) to the north. Gale crater is noteworthy for its enigmatic 5-kilometer (3.1 mi)-high crescent-shaped central mound,
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1316:
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172:
1038:
Squyres, S.W. (1989). Early Mars: Wet and Warm, or Just Wet? 20th Lunar and
Planetary Science Conference Abstract #1044.
1073:"The origin and evolution of the Peace Vallis fan system that drains to the Curiosity landing area, Gale Crater, Mars"
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157:. Understanding Peace Vallis and its fan also provides geologic context for the rocks observed on the ground by the
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Carr, M.H. and Head, J.W. (2003). Basal Melting of Snow on Early Mars: A Possible Origin of Some Valley Networks.
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Peace Vallis is named after the Peace River in Alberta and British Columbia, Canada. The name was adopted by the
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Gale crater itself is a 154-kilometer (96 mi)-diameter impact crater that straddles the martian hemispheric
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activity and sustained water flow on Mars. Recent high-resolution orbital images of Peace Vallis and its
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Carr, M.H. (1995). The Martian Drainage System and the Origin of Valley Networks and Fretted Channels.
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on September 26, 2012, after the Peace River in British Columbia and Alberta, Canada.
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Video (66:00) - Lakes, Fans, Deltas and Streams: Geomorphic Constraints – May, 2015
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between the heavily cratered southern highlands and the lower elevation plains (
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Video (04:32) - Evidence: Water "Vigorously" Flowed On Mars – September, 2012
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Brown, Dwayne; Cole, Steve; Webster, Guy; Agle, D.C. (September 27, 2012).
724:
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34:
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137:). The valley and alluvial fan provide evidence for geologically recent (
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on an ancient Mars whose climate was dry and cold much like today's.
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NASA's Curiosity Rover Finds Old Streambed on Mars - video (51:40)
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Compared with most terrestrial valleys carved by rainfall, the
5044:
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896:
https://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/lifeonmars2019/pdf/5043.pdf
927:
https://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/ninthmars2019/pdf/6119.pdf
347:
Main valley and tributaries of Peace Vallis (shown in blue).
2276:
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1194:
1167:
454:
Map of actual (and proposed) Rover landing sites including
120:
1139:
Cambridge University Press: Cambridge U.K., 2011, 500 pp.
775:
103:
1070:
910:
https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2013/pdf/1607.pdf
879:
https://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2020/pdf/2609.pdf
816:
Ehlmann, Bethany L.; Buz, Jennifer (January 28, 2015).
804:
https://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2021/pdf/2256.pdf
236:
in age (approximately 3.65 to 3.55 billion years old).
5180:
948:
1218:"Mars rover Curiosity finds signs of ancient stream"
1161:
228:(known informally as Mt. Sharp). The crater is late
1164:"NASA Rover Finds Old Streambed On Martian Surface"
771:"Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature: Peace Vallis"
115:is an ancient stream valley on the northern rim of
1647:
986:"The case for rainfall on a warm, wet early Mars"
5228:
1126:Oxford University Press: New York, 2006, 229 pp.
164:
654:rim about 18 km (11 mi) North of the
1181:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
765:
763:
761:
213:into a large alluvial fan (Peace Vallis fan).
1633:
1279:
1155:
869:
867:
410:- suggesting water "vigorously" flowing in a
1103:
1041:
977:
974:; Cambridge University Press: New York, 2006
875:51st Lunar and Planetary Science Conference,
800:52nd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference,
265:
127:which lies near the Mars Science Laboratory
1293:
1209:
1142:
1057:
884:
848:
758:
1640:
1626:
1286:
1272:
1129:
983:
945:2439–2473, doi:10.1002/2012JE004322, 2013.
932:
915:
901:
892:Mars Extant Life: What's Next? Conference,
864:
815:
809:
526:landing site (green dot) - Blue dot marks
1111:American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting,
1032:
791:
604:- dark rock in inset is same size as the
1116:
1077:Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets
1016:
990:Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets
964:
5229:
406:on Mars - compared with a terrestrial
2512:
1959:
1667:
1621:
1267:
1215:
1054:(24), 2245, doi:10.1029/2003GL018575.
984:Craddock, Robert A.; Howard, Alan D.
923:9th International Conference on Mars,
1216:Chang, Alicia (September 27, 2012).
317:, or some combination of the three.
1317:Timeline of Mars Science Laboratory
861:1068, doi: 10.1126/science.1237317.
735:Timeline of Mars Science Laboratory
123:. It is notable for its associated
13:
1152:Routledge: New York, 2007, 483 pp.
44:landing ellipse and landing site (
14:
5273:
2460:Martian meteorites found on Earth
1241:
5214:
5202:
5190:
1600:
1589:
1588:
1325:
678:rover on Mars (August 1, 2013) (
663:
644:
617:
593:
566:
539:
513:
496:- Landing site is noted - also,
486:
463:
447:
391:
352:
340:
254:International Astronomical Union
27:
1668:
2513:
1150:Fundamentals of Geomorphology.
530:- Blue spot marks the base of
262:is the Latin word for valley.
1:
751:
256:(IAU) on September 26, 2012.
165:Location and Regional Context
94:35.24 km (21.90 mi)
1137:Planetary Surface Processes.
822:Geophysical Research Letters
320:The valleys are U-shaped in
7:
5257:Valleys and canyons on Mars
1960:
1250:– centered on Peace Vallis.
687:
153:and the planet's long-term
10:
5278:
1879:Mare Australe (South Pole)
1248:Google Mars scrollable map
670:First-Year and First-Mile
534:- a planned area of study.
209:) where the stream valley
169:The valley is centered at
3947:Eagle (Acidalia Planitia)
3597:
3386:
2900:
2755:
2523:
2519:
2508:
2252:
2242:Classical albedo features
2197:
1972:
1968:
1955:
1784:
1678:
1674:
1663:
1583:
1562:
1504:
1461:Mount Sharp (Aeolis Mons)
1453:
1422:
1334:
1323:
1301:
710:List of mountains on Mars
479:Aeolis Mons (Mount Sharp)
473:- Landing site is within
440:
266:Valley and Drainage Basin
98:
90:
53:
33:Peace Vallis and related
26:
3952:Eagle (Meridiani Planum)
2421:Meteorites found on Mars
1884:Mare Boreum (North Pole)
1409:Rover embedded computers
635:rover (August 9, 2012) (
5247:Mars Science Laboratory
1607:Solar System portal
1295:Mars Science Laboratory
720:List of valleys on Mars
705:List of craters on Mars
658:rover (August 9, 2012).
588:rover (August 6, 2012).
247:
2009:Concentric crater fill
600:Layers at the base of
378:(September 14, 2012) (
2152:Swiss cheese features
715:List of rocks on Mars
427:(September 26, 2012).
367:on Mars - an ancient
311:infiltration capacity
3584:Angustus Labyrinthus
2182:discovery chronology
2127:Scalloped topography
2081:Lineated valley fill
1570:Experience Curiosity
1205:– via YouTube.
1197:. September 27, 2012
1089:10.1002/2013JE004583
1049:Geophys. Res. Lett.,
1002:10.1029/2001JE001505
834:10.1002/2014GL062553
779:. September 26, 2012
637:white balanced image
610:white balanced image
561:) (August 14, 2012).
549:rover landing site (
423:rover on the way to
408:fluvial conglomerate
200:in the northeastern
48:) (noted by cross ).
3539:Deuteronilus Mensae
2862:Syrtis Major Planum
2678:Syrtis Major Planum
2227:Observation history
2087:Lobate debris apron
1575:Exploration of Mars
972:The Surface of Mars
695:Composition of Mars
631:as viewed from the
322:topographic profile
184: /
71: /
23:
4965:Teisserenc de Bort
3589:Noctis Labyrinthus
3569:Nilokeras Scopulus
1894:Margaritifer Sinus
270:Peace Vallis is a
21:
5237:Aeolis quadrangle
5178:
5177:
5174:
5173:
5170:
5169:
3617:Tithoniae Catenae
3554:Protonilus Mensae
3549:Nilosyrtis Mensae
3439:Hephaestus Fossae
2807:Eridania Planitia
2777:Amazonis Planitia
2767:Acidalia Planitia
2504:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2465:Balsaltic Breccia
2167:Upper plains unit
2157:Terrain softening
2117:Ring mold craters
2092:North Polar Basin
2014:Dark slope streak
1951:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1776:Vastitas Borealis
1716:Hyperboreae Undae
1615:
1614:
1024:J. Geophys. Res.,
940:J. Geophys. Res.,
584:as viewed by the
334:near Peace Vallis
290:The Peace Vallis
242:inverted channels
202:Aeolis quadrangle
110:
109:
5269:
5219:
5218:
5207:
5206:
5205:
5195:
5194:
5193:
5186:
3504:Tithonium Fossae
3414:Ceraunius Fossae
3030:Tithonium Chasma
2837:Meridiani Planum
2802:Elysium Planitia
2782:Arcadia Planitia
2740:Ceraunius Tholus
2561:Apollinaris Mons
2521:
2520:
2510:
2509:
2441:Meridiani Planum
2107:Outflow channels
2097:Ocean hypothesis
1970:
1969:
1957:
1956:
1676:
1675:
1665:
1664:
1642:
1635:
1628:
1619:
1618:
1605:
1604:
1603:
1592:
1591:
1471:Bradbury Landing
1329:
1288:
1281:
1274:
1265:
1264:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1213:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1159:
1153:
1146:
1140:
1133:
1127:
1120:
1114:
1107:
1101:
1100:
1068:
1055:
1045:
1039:
1036:
1030:
1029:(E4), 7479–7507.
1020:
1014:
1013:
981:
975:
968:
962:
952:
946:
936:
930:
925:Abstract #6119.
919:
913:
905:
899:
894:Abstract #5043.
888:
882:
877:Abstract #2609.
871:
862:
852:
846:
845:
813:
807:
802:Abstract #2256.
795:
789:
788:
786:
784:
767:
730:Outflow channels
667:
648:
621:
597:
570:
551:Bradbury Landing
543:
528:Glenelg Intrigue
517:
490:
481:- North is down.
467:
451:
395:
356:
344:
307:drainage density
222:Elysium Planitia
199:
198:
196:
195:
194:
189:
185:
182:
181:
180:
177:
135:Bradbury Landing
86:
85:
83:
82:
81:
76:
72:
69:
68:
67:
64:
46:Bradbury Landing
31:
24:
20:
5277:
5276:
5272:
5271:
5270:
5268:
5267:
5266:
5227:
5226:
5225:
5213:
5203:
5201:
5191:
5189:
5181:
5179:
5166:
3602:
3593:
3494:Tantalus Fossae
3479:Olympica Fossae
3469:Memnonia Fossae
3459:Mareotis Fossae
3449:Labeatis Fossae
3419:Cerberus Fossae
3409:Amenthes Fossae
3395:
3382:
3015:Juventae Chasma
2995:Hydraotes Chaos
2950:Coprates Chasma
2905:
2896:
2867:Utopia Planitia
2847:Planum Australe
2827:Isidis Planitia
2817:Hesperia Planum
2812:Hellas Planitia
2797:Daedalia Planum
2792:Chryse Planitia
2787:Argyre Planitia
2758:
2751:
2688:Tartarus Montes
2683:Tartarus Colles
2663:Nereidum Montes
2596:Charitum Montes
2591:Centauri Montes
2566:Ariadnes Colles
2546:Acidalia Colles
2539:
2532:
2528:
2515:
2496:
2436:Mackinac Island
2255:
2248:
2193:
2172:Valley networks
2066:Inverted relief
2041:Fretted terrain
1975:
1964:
1943:
1919:Phoenicis Lacus
1780:
1746:Sinus Meridiani
1731:Planum Australe
1670:
1659:
1646:
1616:
1611:
1601:
1599:
1579:
1558:
1500:
1496:Yellowknife Bay
1449:
1418:
1330:
1321:
1297:
1292:
1244:
1239:
1238:
1228:
1226:
1214:
1210:
1200:
1198:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1172:
1170:
1160:
1156:
1147:
1143:
1134:
1130:
1121:
1117:
1108:
1104:
1069:
1058:
1046:
1042:
1037:
1033:
1021:
1017:
982:
978:
969:
965:
953:
949:
937:
933:
920:
916:
906:
902:
889:
885:
872:
865:
853:
849:
814:
810:
796:
792:
782:
780:
769:
768:
759:
754:
749:
700:Geology of Mars
690:
683:
668:
659:
649:
640:
622:
613:
598:
589:
571:
562:
544:
535:
518:
509:
502:sediment layers
491:
482:
468:
459:
452:
443:
431:
430:
429:
428:
417:
416:
415:
396:
388:
387:
357:
349:
348:
345:
336:
335:
268:
250:
192:
190:
188:4.21°S 137.23°E
186:
183:
178:
175:
173:
171:
170:
167:
102:Adopted by the
79:
77:
75:4.21°S 137.23°E
73:
70:
65:
62:
60:
58:
57:
49:
19:
12:
11:
5:
5275:
5265:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5224:
5223:
5211:
5199:
5176:
5175:
5172:
5171:
5168:
5167:
5165:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5068:
5067:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4295:Jarry-Desloges
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4166:
4165:
4160:
4159:
4158:
4153:
4146:Columbia Hills
4143:
4142:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4124:Apollo 1 Hills
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3985:
3984:
3982:Matijevic Hill
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3622:Tractus Catena
3619:
3614:
3612:Artynia Catena
3608:
3606:
3595:
3594:
3592:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3564:Claritas Rupes
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3534:Cydonia Mensae
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3514:Ulysses Fossae
3511:
3509:Tractus Fossae
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3489:Sirenum Fossae
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3464:Medusae Fossae
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3434:Elysium Fossae
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3405:
3403:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3380:
3379:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3362:
3361:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3215:
3214:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3037:List of valles
3033:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2990:Hydaspis Chaos
2987:
2982:
2980:Gorgonum Chaos
2977:
2972:
2970:Galaxias Chaos
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2945:Chasma Boreale
2942:
2937:
2932:
2930:Atlantis Chaos
2927:
2925:Aromatum Chaos
2922:
2920:Arsia Chasmata
2917:
2911:
2909:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2894:
2889:
2887:Pityusa Patera
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2763:
2761:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2749:
2748:
2747:
2745:Uranius Tholus
2742:
2737:
2727:
2725:Ulysses Tholus
2722:
2720:Tyrrhenus Mons
2717:
2715:Tharsis Tholus
2712:
2711:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2693:Tharsis Montes
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2673:Phlegra Montes
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2638:Hadriacus Mons
2635:
2630:
2625:
2624:
2623:
2621:Hecates Tholus
2618:
2613:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2581:Avernus Colles
2578:
2576:Ausonia Montes
2573:
2571:Astapus Colles
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2542:
2540:
2536:list by height
2533:
2517:
2516:
2506:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2494:
2493:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2456:
2455:
2454:
2453:
2451:Shelter Island
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2417:
2416:
2415:
2414:
2409:
2401:
2400:
2399:
2391:
2390:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2361:
2360:
2359:
2354:
2341:
2340:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2316:
2315:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2292:Jake Matijevic
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2272:Bathurst Inlet
2260:
2258:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2246:
2245:
2244:
2239:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2203:
2201:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2186:
2185:
2184:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2132:Seasonal flows
2129:
2124:
2122:Rootless cones
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2037:
2036:
2031:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1980:
1978:
1966:
1965:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1889:Mare Tyrrhenum
1886:
1881:
1876:
1874:Mare Acidalium
1871:
1866:
1864:Ismenius Lacus
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1790:
1788:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1761:Terra Cimmeria
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1691:Aspledon Undae
1688:
1682:
1680:
1672:
1671:
1661:
1660:
1645:
1644:
1637:
1630:
1622:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1609:
1597:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1577:
1572:
1566:
1564:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1534:Jake Matijevic
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1514:Bathurst Inlet
1510:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1457:
1455:
1451:
1450:
1448:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1426:
1424:
1420:
1419:
1417:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1340:
1338:
1332:
1331:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1319:
1314:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1298:
1291:
1290:
1283:
1276:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1243:
1242:External links
1240:
1237:
1236:
1208:
1195:NASAtelevision
1180:
1154:
1148:Huggett, R.J.
1141:
1128:
1124:Water on Mars.
1115:
1102:
1083:(4): 705–728.
1056:
1040:
1031:
1015:
976:
963:
947:
931:
914:
900:
883:
863:
847:
828:(2): 264–273.
808:
790:
756:
755:
753:
750:
748:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
691:
689:
686:
685:
684:
669:
662:
660:
650:
643:
641:
623:
616:
614:
599:
592:
590:
572:
565:
563:
545:
538:
536:
519:
512:
510:
492:
485:
483:
469:
462:
460:
453:
446:
442:
439:
419:
418:
397:
390:
389:
371:viewed by the
358:
351:
350:
346:
339:
338:
337:
329:
328:
327:
326:
292:drainage basin
281:spring sapping
272:valley network
267:
264:
249:
246:
166:
163:
139:Amazonian-aged
133:landing site (
119:on the planet
108:
107:
100:
96:
95:
92:
88:
87:
55:
51:
50:
32:
18:Martian valley
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5274:
5263:
5262:Water on Mars
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5252:Rocks on Mars
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5242:Gale (crater)
5240:
5238:
5235:
5234:
5232:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5210:
5200:
5198:
5188:
5187:
5184:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5066:
5063:
5062:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4164:
4163:Sleepy Hollow
4161:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4148:
4147:
4144:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4126:
4125:
4122:
4121:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3983:
3980:
3979:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3605:
3600:
3596:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3574:Olympus Rupes
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3524:Ausonia Mensa
3522:
3520:
3519:Aeolis Mensae
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3454:Mangala Fossa
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3444:Icaria Fossae
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3402:
3398:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3360:
3357:
3356:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3038:
3035:
3034:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2975:Ganges Chasma
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2940:Candor Chasma
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2908:
2903:
2899:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2882:Peneus Patera
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2852:Planum Boreum
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2822:Icaria Planum
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2754:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2732:
2731:
2730:Uranius group
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2643:Hellas Montes
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2633:Galaxius Mons
2631:
2629:
2628:Erebus Montes
2626:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2586:Biblis Tholus
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2537:
2531:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2511:
2507:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2462:
2461:
2458:
2457:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2446:Oileán Ruaidh
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2422:
2419:
2418:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2398:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2352:Barnacle Bill
2350:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2251:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2196:
2190:
2187:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2102:Ore resources
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1994:Chaos terrain
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1984:Brain terrain
1982:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1958:
1954:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1924:Sinus Sabaeus
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1783:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1736:Planum Boreum
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1726:Olympia Undae
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1711:Eridania Lake
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1643:
1638:
1636:
1631:
1629:
1624:
1623:
1620:
1608:
1598:
1596:
1595:
1586:
1585:
1582:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1561:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1503:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1452:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1333:
1328:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1289:
1284:
1282:
1277:
1275:
1270:
1269:
1266:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1229:September 27,
1225:
1224:
1219:
1212:
1201:September 28,
1196:
1192:
1191:
1184:
1173:September 28,
1169:
1165:
1158:
1151:
1145:
1138:
1135:Melosh, H.J.
1132:
1125:
1119:
1112:
1106:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1053:
1050:
1044:
1035:
1028:
1025:
1019:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
980:
973:
967:
960:
957:
951:
944:
941:
935:
928:
924:
918:
911:
904:
897:
893:
887:
880:
876:
870:
868:
860:
857:
851:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
812:
805:
801:
794:
783:September 28,
778:
777:
772:
766:
764:
762:
757:
746:
745:Water on Mars
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
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681:
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587:
583:
579:
575:
569:
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560:
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552:
548:
542:
537:
533:
529:
525:
523:
516:
511:
507:
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489:
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457:
450:
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438:
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426:
422:
413:
409:
405:
401:
394:
385:
381:
377:
375:
370:
366:
362:
355:
343:
333:
332:water on Mars
325:
323:
318:
316:
312:
308:
303:
301:
298:deposits and
297:
293:
288:
286:
282:
278:
273:
263:
261:
260:
255:
245:
243:
237:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
214:
212:
208:
203:
197:
193:-4.21; 137.23
162:
160:
156:
152:
151:water on Mars
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
131:
126:
122:
118:
114:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
84:
80:-4.21; 137.23
56:
52:
47:
43:
41:
36:
30:
25:
16:
5197:Solar System
4860:Schiaparelli
4805:Robert Sharp
4645:Orson Welles
3942:Du Martheray
3832:Chryse Alien
3827:Chincoteague
3667:Arkhangelsky
3579:Rupes Tenuis
3544:Ganges Mensa
3499:Tempe Fossae
3429:Cyane Fossae
3424:Coloe Fossae
3273:
3102:Green Valley
3025:Ophir Chasma
3020:Melas Chasma
2985:Hebes Chasma
2955:Echus Chasma
2935:Aureum Chaos
2892:Siloe Patera
2877:Orcus Patera
2857:Syria Planum
2832:Lunae Planum
2772:Aeolis Palus
2735:Uranius Mons
2668:Olympus Mons
2653:Libya Montes
2648:Jovis Tholus
2616:Albor Tholus
2611:Elysium Mons
2601:Echus Montes
2556:Anseris Mons
2480:Shergottites
2470:Chassignites
2426:Block Island
2364:
2344:
2319:
2264:
1929:Syrtis Major
1766:Terra Sabaea
1721:Ogygis Undae
1696:Arabia Terra
1686:Abalos Undae
1587:
1486:Peace Vallis
1485:
1466:Aeolis Palus
1440:Rocker-bogie
1309:
1227:. Retrieved
1221:
1211:
1199:. Retrieved
1189:
1183:
1171:. Retrieved
1157:
1149:
1144:
1136:
1131:
1123:
1118:
1113:No. P038-01.
1110:
1105:
1080:
1076:
1051:
1048:
1043:
1034:
1026:
1023:
1018:
993:
989:
979:
971:
966:
958:
955:
950:
942:
939:
934:
922:
917:
903:
891:
886:
874:
858:
855:
850:
825:
821:
811:
799:
793:
781:. Retrieved
774:
725:Martian soil
675:
672:Traverse Map
655:
632:
605:
585:
574:Aeolis Palus
553:) viewed by
546:
521:
498:alluvial fan
475:Aeolis Palus
433:
432:
420:
404:rock outcrop
373:
365:rock outcrop
330:Evidence of
319:
304:
289:
277:mass wasting
269:
257:
251:
238:
215:
207:Aeolis Palus
168:
158:
155:habitability
129:
125:alluvial fan
113:Peace Vallis
112:
111:
39:
35:alluvial fan
22:Peace Vallis
15:
5077:Vinogradsky
5035:Tycho Brahe
4985:Tikhonravov
4920:Spallanzani
4850:Santa Maria
4810:Roddenberry
4029:Flaugergues
3559:Sacra Mensa
3529:Capri Mensa
3474:Nili Fossae
3005:Ister Chaos
2872:Eden Patera
2842:Oxia Planum
2658:Mount Sharp
2431:Heat Shield
2387:Pot of Gold
2337:Last Chance
2320:Opportunity
2222:Volcanology
2056:Groundwater
2034:Nili Patera
2024:Dune fields
2004:Composition
1914:Phaethontis
1869:Lunae Palus
1786:Quadrangles
1756:Tempe Terra
1751:Siton Undae
1741:Quadrangles
1669:Cartography
1476:Gale Crater
1404:Robotic arm
1336:Instruments
1122:Carr, M.C.
970:Carr, M.H.
652:Gale Crater
629:Gale Crater
625:Aeolis Mons
602:Aeolis Mons
582:Gale Crater
578:Mount Sharp
532:Mount Sharp
506:Aeolis Mons
500:(blue) and
494:Gale Crater
471:Gale Crater
456:Gale Crater
384:3-D version
226:Aeolis Mons
191: /
117:Gale Crater
78: /
54:Coordinates
5231:Categories
5142:Wislicenus
5097:Von Kármán
5072:Vinogradov
5065:Cape Verde
4900:Sklodowska
4855:Schaeberle
4835:Rutherford
4795:Richardson
4740:Ptolemaeus
4675:Perepelkin
4590:Montevallo
4585:Molesworth
4555:Milankovic
4530:McLaughlin
4480:Magelhaens
4405:Le Verrier
4230:Hipparchus
4024:Flammarion
3957:Eberswalde
3852:Copernicus
3767:Bonneville
3747:Boeddicker
3707:Barabashov
3484:Oti Fossae
3401:labyrinthi
3314:Shalbatana
3117:Her Desher
3010:Ius Chasma
3000:Iani Chaos
2965:Eos Chasma
2915:Aram Chaos
2514:Topography
2377:Home Plate
2372:Adirondack
2332:El Capitan
2307:Rocknest 3
2277:Coronation
2112:Polar caps
2076:Lava tubes
1989:Carbonates
1909:Oxia Palus
1549:Rocknest 3
1519:Coronation
752:References
508:(cutaway).
283:, or from
5209:Astronomy
5010:Trouvelot
4750:Quenisset
4730:Priestley
4700:Pickering
4670:Penticton
4660:Pangboche
4625:Nicholson
4560:Millochau
4450:Lomonosov
4280:Ibragimov
4215:Helmholtz
4200:Heaviside
4190:Hargraves
4114:Grindavik
3999:Escalante
3989:Endurance
3977:Endeavour
3972:Emma Dean
3967:Ejriksson
3892:Danielson
3872:Crommelin
3782:Burroughs
3762:Bonestell
3742:Bianchini
3722:Becquerel
3687:Bakhuysen
3672:Arrhenius
3652:Antoniadi
3309:Scamander
3207:Marineris
3127:Huo Hsing
3107:Harmakhis
3062:Athabasca
2960:Eos Chaos
2551:Alba Mons
2530:volcanoes
2525:Mountains
2475:Nakhlites
2345:Sojourner
2265:Curiosity
2212:Hesperian
2207:Amazonian
2142:Spherules
2019:Dichotomy
1939:Thaumasia
1649:Geography
1445:Sky crane
1310:Curiosity
1097:2169-9097
1010:0148-0227
842:0094-8276
676:Curiosity
656:Curiosity
633:Curiosity
606:Curiosity
586:Curiosity
547:Curiosity
522:Curiosity
434:Curiosity
421:Curiosity
374:Curiosity
369:streambed
300:colluvium
234:Hesperian
232:or Early
218:dichotomy
211:debouched
159:Curiosity
147:watershed
130:Curiosity
37:near the
5127:Williams
5117:Weinbaum
5087:Vishniac
5060:Victoria
5025:Trumpler
5000:Tombaugh
4995:Timbuktu
4880:Sharonov
4875:Semeykin
4790:Reynolds
4780:Renaudot
4770:Rayleigh
4705:Playfair
4695:Phillips
4680:Peridier
4650:Oudemans
4570:Miyamoto
4520:Masursky
4430:Llanesco
4425:Liu Hsin
4390:Lampland
4375:Kunowsky
4225:Herschel
4210:Heinlein
4094:Gledhill
4059:Galdakao
4044:Fournier
4014:Fesenkov
3932:Douglass
3927:Dinorwic
3887:Da Vinci
3847:Columbus
3842:Coblentz
3792:Campbell
3772:Brashear
3269:Patapsco
3097:Granicus
2759:plateaus
2698:Ascraeus
2412:Monolith
2302:Rocknest
2282:Goulburn
2256:observed
2217:Noachian
2189:Yardangs
2051:Glaciers
1976:features
1899:Memnonia
1849:Eridania
1834:Coprates
1829:Cebrenia
1804:Amenthes
1799:Amazonis
1701:Cerberus
1594:Category
1544:Rocknest
1524:Goulburn
1491:Rocknest
1430:MarsDial
1423:Features
856:Science,
688:See also
380:close-up
285:snowmelt
230:Noachian
179:137°14′E
66:137°14′E
40:Curosity
5221:Biology
5183:Portals
5132:Winslow
5112:Wegener
5107:Wallace
5040:Tyndall
5030:Tugaske
5005:Tooting
4905:Slipher
4865:Schmidt
4830:Russell
4800:Ritchey
4735:Proctor
4710:Pollack
4665:Pasteur
4635:Nipigon
4630:Niesten
4565:Mitchel
4540:Mellish
4535:McMurdo
4525:Maunder
4505:Mariner
4500:Maraldi
4495:Mandora
4485:Maggini
4435:Lockyer
4395:Lassell
4380:Lambert
4360:Korolev
4340:Kinkora
4290:Janssen
4270:Huygens
4250:Huggins
4205:Heimdal
4195:Hartwig
4175:Haldane
4151:Husband
4134:Grissom
4129:Chaffee
4084:Gilbert
4054:Freedom
4039:Fontana
4019:Firsoff
4004:Eudoxus
3937:Dromore
3917:Denning
3867:Crivitz
3822:Chapais
3812:Cerulli
3802:Cassini
3777:Briault
3737:Bernard
3712:Barnard
3702:Bamberg
3697:Baltisk
3682:Bacolor
3657:Arandas
3632:Agassiz
3604:craters
3599:Catenae
3376:Warrego
3299:Sabrina
3239:Naktong
3202:Mangala
3182:Maʼadim
3132:Hypanis
3087:Enipeus
3077:Buvinda
3067:Auqakuh
2907:valleys
2902:Canyons
2757:Plains,
2703:Pavonis
2606:Elysium
2397:Big Joe
2393:Viking
2312:Tintina
2199:History
2147:Surface
2061:Gullies
2046:Geysers
1974:Surface
1962:Geology
1934:Tharsis
1904:Noachis
1859:Iapygia
1844:Elysium
1839:Diacria
1814:Arcadia
1771:Tharsis
1706:Cydonia
1679:Regions
1653:geology
1563:Related
1554:Tintina
1481:Glenelg
1384:MastCam
1349:ChemCam
1302:General
1223:AP News
996:(E11).
961:76–128.
674:of the
608:rover (
425:Glenelg
315:bedrock
296:aeolian
161:rover.
143:fluvial
5147:Wright
5102:Vostok
5082:Virrat
5050:Vernal
4990:Tikhov
4960:Taytay
4955:Tarsus
4940:Stoney
4935:Stokes
4925:Srīpur
4890:Sinton
4870:Secchi
4845:Saheki
4825:Rudaux
4820:Rossby
4720:Porter
4690:Pettit
4685:Persbo
4655:Palana
4615:Newton
4610:Nereus
4605:Nansen
4600:Müller
4595:Moreux
4580:Mojave
4575:Mohawk
4545:Mendel
4475:Mädler
4460:Lowell
4410:Li Fan
4385:Lamont
4370:Kuiper
4350:Knobel
4345:Kipini
4335:Kepler
4330:Keeler
4325:Kaiser
4305:Jezero
4285:Inuvik
4265:Huxley
4260:Hutton
4255:Hussey
4240:Holmes
4235:Holden
4185:Halley
4170:Hadley
4156:McCool
4009:Fenagh
3994:Erebus
3912:Dejnev
3902:Davies
3897:Darwin
3807:Caxias
3787:Burton
3717:Beagle
3692:Baldet
3677:Asimov
3642:Airy-0
3392:mensae
3388:Fossae
3339:Tinjar
3304:Samara
3279:Rahway
3264:Paraná
3254:Nirgal
3244:Nanedi
3229:Mawrth
3224:Maumee
3197:Mamers
3177:Louros
3137:Iberus
3112:Hebrus
3092:Frento
3072:Bahram
3057:Asopus
2403:Other
2365:Spirit
2327:Bounce
2287:Hottah
2232:Canals
2162:Tholus
1854:Hellas
1824:Casius
1819:Argyre
1809:Arabia
1794:Aeolis
1529:Hottah
1389:Navcam
1369:Hazcam
1354:CheMin
1095:
1008:
840:
740:Vallis
555:HiRISE
441:Images
412:stream
361:Hottah
259:Vallis
176:4°13′S
99:Naming
91:Length
63:4°13′S
5162:Zunil
5157:Zumba
5137:Wirtz
5122:Wells
5092:Vogel
5045:Udzha
4980:Thira
4975:Thila
4970:Terby
4950:Suzhi
4945:Suess
4930:Steno
4915:South
4910:Smith
4895:Sitka
4840:Sagan
4785:Reuyl
4760:Radau
4745:Puńsk
4725:Porth
4715:Poona
4620:Nhill
4515:Martz
4510:Marth
4465:Lyell
4455:Louth
4445:Lohse
4420:Lipik
4415:Liais
4365:Kufra
4320:Jones
4310:Jezža
4300:Jeans
4245:Hooke
4220:Henry
4139:White
4119:Gusev
4109:Green
4104:Graff
4074:Garni
4069:Galle
4034:Focas
3962:Eddie
3922:Dilly
3907:Dawes
3882:Curie
3877:Cruls
3862:Crewe
3857:Corby
3837:Clark
3817:Chafe
3797:Canso
3647:Aniak
3627:Adams
3397:rupes
3371:Verde
3366:Vedra
3354:Uzboi
3349:Tyras
3334:Tinia
3329:Tader
3324:Stura
3319:Simud
3294:Sabis
3289:Reull
3274:Peace
3259:Padus
3249:Niger
3234:Minio
3219:Marte
3212:Labes
3172:Licus
3167:Lethe
3162:Ladon
3157:Labou
3152:Kasei
3147:Ituxi
3142:Indus
3052:Arnus
3042:Apsus
2708:Arsia
2485:Other
2367:rover
2347:rover
2322:rover
2267:rover
2254:Rocks
2177:Water
2083:(LVF)
2071:Lakes
2029:Hagal
1999:Color
1506:Rocks
1454:Sites
1435:MMRTG
1379:MAHLI
1374:MARDI
1312:rover
956:Mars,
524:rover
477:near
376:rover
42:rover
5152:Yuty
5055:Very
5020:Trud
5015:Troy
4885:Sibu
4815:Ross
4775:Redi
4765:Rahe
4755:Rabe
4640:Onon
4490:Main
4470:Lyot
4355:Koga
4315:Joly
4275:Iazu
4180:Hale
4099:Gold
4089:Gill
4079:Gasa
4064:Gale
4049:Fram
3757:Bond
3732:Belz
3727:Beer
3662:Argo
3637:Airy
3284:Ravi
3192:Maja
3122:Hrad
3047:Ares
2490:List
2407:Face
2382:Mimi
2357:Yogi
2297:Link
2236:list
2137:Soil
1657:Mars
1651:and
1539:Link
1399:REMS
1344:APXS
1231:2012
1203:2012
1175:2012
1168:NASA
1093:ISSN
1006:ISSN
943:118,
859:340,
838:ISSN
785:2012
576:and
400:Link
248:Name
121:Mars
4550:Mie
4440:Lod
4400:Lau
3752:Bok
3359:ULM
3344:Tiu
3187:Mad
3082:Dao
1655:of
1414:SAM
1394:RAD
1364:DRT
1359:DAN
1085:doi
1081:119
1027:100
998:doi
994:107
830:doi
776:IAU
680:3-D
627:in
580:in
559:MRO
504:in
382:) (
104:IAU
5233::
3399:,
3390:,
1220:.
1193:.
1166:.
1091:.
1079:.
1075:.
1059:^
1052:30
1004:.
992:.
988:.
959:5,
866:^
836:.
826:42
824:.
820:.
773:.
760:^
682:).
639:).
612:).
402:"
363:"
279:,
141:)
5185::
3601:,
3394:,
2904:,
2538:)
2534:(
2527:,
2238:)
2234:(
1641:e
1634:t
1627:v
1287:e
1280:t
1273:v
1233:.
1177:.
1099:.
1087::
1012:.
1000::
929:.
912:.
898:.
881:.
844:.
832::
806:.
787:.
557:(
458:.
414:.
398:"
386:)
359:"
205:(
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