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the
Zukofsky Seminars in Orchestral Music offering the opportunity for music students to perform large scale works. These evolved into the founding in 1985 of the Youth Symphony Orchestra of Iceland (Sinfóníuhljómsveit Æskunnar) of which he was Principal Conductor and Music Director until 1993, giving a large number of Icelandic premieres of primarily 20th century orchestral music. In recognition of his long-standing association with and contributions to Icelandic music, Zukofsky received the Minningarverðlaun D.V. (Cultural Achievement Award in Music) in 1988, as well as the Knight's Cross, Icelandic Order of the Falcon by the President of Iceland in 1990.
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notorious has been the James Joyce estate. In 2009 he published a provocative open letter online discouraging students and scholars from publishing on his father's work. The letter evidences his strong animus against academics and suspicion of their motives. On the other hand, he kept the considerable body of his father's work in print and supported the publication of several volumes of correspondence, so that there has been far better access to the work than at any time during his father's lifetime. Zukofsky's narrow interpretation of fair use has been strongly contested by legal scholars.
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music and developed maximal celerity, dexterity, and alacrity in manipulating special techniques, in effect transforming the violin into a multimedia instrument beyond its normal capacities." He is best known for his performances of and collaborations with many of the key composers of contemporary classical music, such as
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Over the course of the 1970s, Zukofsky increasingly devoted his energies to conducting. From 1978 to 1987 he was conductor of the
Colonial Symphony Orchestra (Madison, New Jersey). In the mid-1970s Zukofsky initiated what proved to be a long-standing musical association with Iceland. In 1977, he led
285:
In 1975 Zukofsky founded
Musical Observations, a nonprofit corporation to support neglected but worthwhile projects, including the recording label CP, which continues to make available many recordings for which he performed, conducted and edited. From 1976 to 1977, Zukofsky was a resident visitor at
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In 1974 he recorded an anthology of new
American violin music composed between 1940 and 1970, and the following year interpretations of classic rags. However, his primary focus was on contemporary classical music and with always an interest in championing work he believed was underappreciated, such
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While he performed and recorded a broad range of classical music, Zukofsky had little interest in pursuing the typical career of a violin virtuoso and gravitated toward music he felt was underappreciated. As one succinct description puts it: "From his earliest years he was fascinated by ultramodern
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praised his technique, noting he had gone through "a difficult program without turning a hair or moving a facial muscle" and described him as a "deadpan bundle of talent." Further
Carnegie Hall recitals followed in 1959 and 1961. Louis Zukofsky published a fictionalized biography of his son as a
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As the copyright holder for his parents' work, Zukofsky gained a reputation as a restrictive and contentious guardian of his property rights, joining a list of literary estates that have taken a controlling and often confrontational position with regard to scholars, of which perhaps the most
127:, a musician and composer. Both parents were children of Yiddish-speaking immigrants from what was then the western Russian Empire (now Belarus). Revealing a precocious talent, he began taking music lessons at age three, soon concentrated on the violin, and at seven became a student of
407:. In 2006 he moved permanently to Asia, initially to Bangkok and then for the last decade of his life in Hong Kong, where he continued to be musically active and also worked on his inimitable critical writings, mostly on music. Zukofsky died of
254:. He gave world premieres of concertos by Roger Sessions (for violin, cello and orchestra), Charles Wuorinen (for amplified violin and orchestra), Morton Feldman (for violin and orchestra), Philip Glass, and the Scottish composer
398:
Zukofsky's cosmopolitan interests included a life-long fascination with East Asia, not least its food. He did a significant amount of recording in Japan and had long associations, especially with composers
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in 1976, and performed on a number of other Glass recordings. He also had a significant collaborative relationship with John Cage. They worked together and recorded the violin version of Cage's
340:. During this time a dispute between Schoenberg's heirs and the university concerning the mission of the institute resulted in the relocation and rehousing of the Schoenberg's archive at the
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As a teacher, Zukofsky taught at many major music schools and programs, including the
Juilliard School (where he taught chamber music, conducting and violin), the
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1370:(7 February 1959). "Paul Zukofsky, Violinist, Plays; 15-Year-Old Offers Bach, Stravinsky and Glazunov in Carnegie Hall Recital",
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Zukofsky recorded extensively as both violinist and conductor. These include some notable renditions of classics, such as
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309:. He was one of the original Creative Associates at the founding of the Center for Creative and Performing Arts,
1703:, including many recordings for free download, an extensive collection of writings and biographical information.
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103:(October 22, 1943 – June 6, 2017) was an American violinist and conductor known for his work in the field of
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1352:(1 December 1956). "Violinist Presents Difficult Program with Technical Accuracy at Debut Here",
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317:(NYC) Summergarden concert series from 1987 to 1992, and he was program coordinator of the
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For a lively portrait of
Zukofsky and his multi-faceted activities in the late 1960s, see
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154:(1970), which includes an account of the ten-year-old Paul Zukofsky playing for the poet
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290:, Murray Hill, New Jersey, participating in research on timing in musical performance.
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R. E. (4 February 1961). "Paul
Zukofsky, Violinist, Gives 3rd Carnegie Hall Recital",
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Music for a 20th
Century Violinist: An Anthology of Three Decades of American Music
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1661:"Paul Zukofsky, Prodigy Who Became, Uneasily, a Virtuoso Violinist, Dies at 73"
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A more detailed discography is available at the
Musical Observations website.
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Born in Brooklyn, New York, Paul Zukofsky was the only child of the American
642:/ Charles Jones: String Quartet No. 6; Sonatina for Violin and Piano (1972).
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1478:, eds. P. Gena & J. Brent. New York: C. F. Peters. pp. 101–106.
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of Music. He made his first orchestral appearance in 1952 with the
38:
1592:(1991). Musical Observations website. Retrieved 7 September 2018.
1903:
People associated with the Museum of Modern Art (New York City)
1646:. Stanford University Law School. Retrieved 7 September 2018.
1560:
Sternberg, Saul, Ronald L. Knoll & Paul Zukofsky (1982).
1527:, ed. (2006). Interview with Paul Zukofsky (30 June 1987),
445:(New York: Norton, 1976). Essays reprinted from issues of
1568:, ed. D. Deutsch. New York: Academic Press. pp. 181–239.
1474:
Paul Zukofsky (1982). "John Cage's Recent Violin Music",
313:, in 19674. Zukofsky served as artistic director for the
1029:
Violin Concerto "Jundansuru Fukei" (Circulating Scenery)
1332:(9th edn.). New York: Schirmer Books. Vol. 6, p. 4044.
1495:
John Cage and Paul Zukofsky (1996). "Freeman Etudes",
519:: Concerto for Violin and Orchestra in D major (1968).
282:(Etudes I–XVII, 1977–1980) specifically for Zukofsky.
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1301:The Poem of a Life: A Biography of Louis Zukofsky
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332:From 1992 to 1996, Zukofsky was director of the
830:, arr. Paul Zukofsky and Robert Dennis, piano.
1503:. University of Michigan Press. pp. 125–128.
1833:American people of Lithuanian-Jewish descent
1529:CageTalk: Dialogues with and about John Cage
1329:Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians
1319:
1317:
1036:Concerto for Amplified Violin and Orchestra
1001:Concerto for Amplified Violin and Orchestra
1793:21st-century American classical violinists
1783:20th-century American classical violinists
1283:. The Tokyo Metropolitan Orchestra (2007).
1021:The Min-On Contemporary Music Festival '83
1848:Classical musicians from Washington, D.C.
1843:Classical musicians from New York (state)
1178:. The Reykjavik Chamber Orchestra (1991).
705:Sonatas for Violin and Piano (Plus Largo)
1933:University of Southern California people
1788:21st-century American conductors (music)
1778:20th-century American conductors (music)
1531:. University of Rochester. pp. 175–181.
1314:
640:Black Angels for Electric String Quartet
599:The Twenty-Four Caprices for Solo Violin
528:Lyric Variations for Violin and Computer
435:Perspectives on Notation and Performance
275:(1977), and Cage composed the demanding
1838:Contemporary classical music performers
1709:, June 21, 2017, critical responses by
1105:Orchestral Suite from the Black Maskers
807:Winter on 72nd Street (Second Rhapsody)
787:A Prospect of Contemporary Violin Music
471:
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261:Zukofsky appeared as the character of
1913:Recipients of the Order of the Falcon
1606:"Schoenberg Archives to Leave U.S.C."
1455:Begin Again: A Biography of John Cage
1235:. Reykjavik Chamber Orchestra (2002).
1195:. Sinfóníuhljómsveit Æskunnar (1992).
1188:. Sinfóníuhljómsveit Æskunnar (1992).
997:New Music from the University of Iowa
777:Complete Sonatas for Violin and Piano
1254:. Composers Ensemble, London (2004).
1222:Dance And Secret & Joy And Peace
1155:. Iceland Symphony Orchestra (1991).
815:Six Melodies for Violin and Keyboard
667:Six Melodies for Violin and Keyboard
1714:
1655:
1457:. Knopf, Borzo Books. pp. 279–284.
1303:. Shoemaker Hoard. pp. 13–16, 142.
697:Six Sonatas and Partitas for Violin
570:Trio for Violin, Clarinet and Piano
13:
1701:Musical Observations, Inc. website
1644:"An Open Reply to PZ on Copyright"
1549:Musical Observations, Inc. website
1059:. New York String Ensemble (1983).
1057:Music for Ten Stringed Instruments
894:Second Sonata for Violin and Piano
713:, 1940–1950–1960: Milton Babbitt:
538:Capriccio for Violin and Orchestra
415:. He left no immediate survivors.
162:prison-asylum in Washington, D.C.
14:
1944:
1878:Manhattan School of Music faculty
1803:American expatriates in Hong Kong
1694:
1252:Three Clarinets, Cello, and Piano
1233:Timinn og Vatnið (Time and Water)
1118:. The Juilliard Orchestra (1990).
338:University of Southern California
1893:New England Conservatory faculty
1858:Deaths from non-Hodgkin lymphoma
1823:American male conductors (music)
1813:American expatriates in Thailand
1745:
1733:
1421:(2004). "Paul Zukofsky (1969)",
1326:, ed. (2001). "Zukofsky, Paul",
828:Classic Rags and Other Novelties
655:Violin and Piano (Night Music II
497:The Sonatas for Violin and Piano
139:, and a formal debut recital at
1923:Tanglewood Music Center faculty
1908:People from Madison, New Jersey
1853:Deaths from cancer in Hong Kong
1808:American expatriates in Iceland
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1358:. p. 17 (Section Family/Style).
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783:. Yuji Takahashi, piano (1975).
707:, Gilbert Kalish, piano (1974).
479:
368:Sonatas and Partitas for Violin
158:, who was then incarcerated in
1918:Stony Brook University faculty
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1428:
1411:
1390:
1387:. p. 15 (Section Food/Family).
1377:
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1343:
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1228:& a N.Y. Orchestra (1996).
646:New Music for Violin and Piano
73:soloist, conductor, instructor
1:
1928:University at Buffalo faculty
1798:American expatriate musicians
1642:Daniel Nazer (28 July 2011).
1633:. Retrieved 7 September 2018.
1614:. Retrieved 7 September 2018.
1562:"Timing by Skilled Musicians"
1551:. Retrieved 7 September 2018.
1287:
933:Scenes I for Violin and Piano
767:Second Piece for Violin Alone
566:Fantasy Variations for Violin
347:
344:in Vienna, Austria, in 1998.
677:Fantasy for Violin and Piano
137:New Haven Symphony Orchestra
105:contemporary classical music
7:
1863:Jewish classical violinists
1686:"Paul Zukofsky Discography"
1202:. Colonial Symphony (1995).
963:Sonata for Violin and Piano
423:
384:
10:
1949:
1623:Max, D.T. (19 June 2006).
1098:Iceland Symphony Orchestra
1888:Musicians from New Jersey
1688:, musicalobservations.com
1625:"The Injustice Collector"
1423:On Innovative Music(ian)s
1215:Prague Symphony Orchestra
977:Improvisation and Allegro
973:Dialogues for Violin Solo
937:Lost Sounds I (Version B)
448:Perspectives of New Music
303:Manhattan School of Music
110:
85:
77:
69:
61:
45:
25:
18:
1873:Juilliard School faculty
1828:American male violinists
1497:Writings about John Cage
1400:. Dalkey Archive Press.
1396:Zukofsky, Louis (1990).
1299:Scroggins, Mark (2007).
1090:Hreinn: Gallery Súm 1974
941:For You I Sing This Song
921:The Art of Paul Zukofsky
822:Duo for Violin and Piano
591:Duo for Violin and Cello
584:Duo for Violin and Piano
487:Concerto da Camera No. 2
418:
393:
319:American Composer Series
295:New England Conservatory
265:in Philip Glass's opera
1883:Musicians from Brooklyn
1868:Juilliard School alumni
1566:The Psychology of Music
1231:Atli Heimir Sveinsson:
1109:The Juilliard Orchestra
761:/ Wallingford Riegger:
700:(unaccompanied) (1974).
429:Zukofsky, Paul (1976).
342:Arnold Schönberg Center
1515:, Musical Observations
1266:The London Sinfonietta
1127:The Royal Philharmonic
1078:Þorkell Sigurbjörnsson
1015:Sonata for Solo Violin
993:(violin solos) (1983).
917:(violin solos) (1978).
431:"On Violin Harmonics."
325:from 1980 until 1990.
307:Stony Brook University
299:Berkshire Music Center
65:Classical, Avant-garde
1898:Organization founders
1590:, Op. 34 liner notes"
1434:Robert Cummings.
1425:. Limelight Editions.
1186:Pelleas and Melisande
1086:Atli Heimir Sveinsson
1070:Karόlína Eiríksdóttir
915:Einstein on the Beach
757:/ Harvey Sollberger:
499:, Volumes 1 & 2.
268:Einstein on the Beach
1350:Schonberg, Harold C.
999:. Charles Wuorinen:
984:Freeman Etudes I–VII
931:/ Toshi Ichiyanagi:
661:/ Charles Wuorinen:
524:Mitzvah for the Dead
472:Selected discography
411:on June 6, 2017, in
409:non-Hodgkin lymphoma
358:Twenty-four Caprices
315:Museum of Modern Art
208:Krzysztof Penderecki
125:Celia Thaew Zukofsky
1501:Richard Kostelanetz
1419:Richard Kostelanetz
1226:Gregg Smith Singers
852:Grandfather's Clock
735:Vertical Thoughts 2
534:Krzystof Penderecki
220:Wallingford Riegger
1666:The New York Times
1611:The New York Times
1604:. (12 July 1996).
1476:A John Cage Reader
1451:Silverman, Kenneth
1385:The New York Times
1372:The New York Times
1355:The New York Times
1324:Slonimsky, Nicolas
1246:/ Morton Feldman:
1209:. BBC Orchestra /
1137:Visions and Images
1092:/ Jónas Tómasson:
1034:Charles Wuorinen:
961:/ Artur Schnabel:
959:Spring of Chosroes
939:/ Yuji Takahashi:
925:My Blue Sky, No. 3
896:/ Roger Sessions:
892:Easley Blackwood:
887:Mikka; Mikka "S" (
885:/ Iannis Xenakis:
866:/ Clarence Woods:
858:/ Luckey Roberts:
797:/ Yuji Takahashi:
749:/ Roger Sessions:
739:Sonata Concertante
733:/ Morton Feldman:
663:The Long and Short
650:Four Nocturnes for
602:(complete) (1971).
582:Charles Wuorinen:
146:The New York Times
1818:American founders
1537:978-1-58046-237-2
1463:978-0-8101-2830-9
1398:Collected Fiction
1309:978-1-59376-158-5
1182:Arnold Schoenberg
1055:Glenn Lieberman:
969:Edward Steuermann
898:Sonata for Violin
877:Giacinto Scelsi:
868:Sleepy Hollow Rag
741:/ Walter Piston:
717:/ Arthur Berger:
485:William Sydeman:
465:978-0-393-02190-5
336:Institute at the
334:Arnold Schoenberg
288:Bell Laboratories
240:Harvey Sollberger
150:young violinist,
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1220:Artur Schnabel:
1205:Artur Schnabel:
1121:Artur Schnabel:
1114:Milton Babbitt:
1103:Roger Sessions:
1025:Toshi Ichiyanagi
1013:Artur Schnabel:
1006:Morton Feldman:
991:The Photographer
957:Morton Feldman:
881:/ Philip Glass:
820:Elliott Carter:
765:/ Stefan Wolpe:
753:/ Ralph Shapey:
745:/ Michael Sahl:
737:/ Peter Mennin:
729:/ George Crumb:
648:. George Crumb:
589:Phillip Rhodes:
554:Richard Hoffmann
526:/ J.K. Randall:
280:– Books I and II
258:, among others.
248:Charles Wuorinen
176:Easley Blackwood
133:Juilliard School
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36:October 22, 1943
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1168:Concerto Lirico
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952:Cheap Imitation
908:Echoes; Flowers
862:/ James Scott:
856:American Beauty
854:/ Joseph Lamb:
850:/ Zez Confrey:
836:The Easy Winner
721:/ Henry Brant:
657:) / Isang Yun:
610:Violin Concerto
606:William Schuman
511:Violin Concerto
503:, piano (1965).
482:
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439:Benjamin Boretz
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273:Cheap Imitation
263:Albert Einstein
224:Giacinto Scelsi
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1695:External links
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1678:
1659:(2017-06-20).
1648:
1635:
1630:The New Yorker
1616:
1602:Miller, Judith
1594:
1578:
1574:978-0122135606
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1509:978-0472083916
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1484:978-0938856016
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1211:Symphony No. 3
1207:Symphony No. 1
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1198:Dane Rudhyar:
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1123:Symphony No. 2
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1064:Sixteen Dances
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1004:
994:
989:Philip Glass:
987:
980:
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955:
944:
935:/ Maki Ishii:
923:. Joji Yuasa:
918:
913:Philip Glass:
911:
901:
890:
875:
860:Pork and Beans
825:
818:
803:Hikaru Hayashi
791:Toru Takemitsu
784:
770:
747:String Quartet
731:Night Music II
708:
703:Charles Ives:
701:
692:
670:
652:
643:
633:
630:String Quartet
623:
616:Yuji Takahashi
613:
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594:
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575:Charles Ives:
573:
562:Donald Martino
551:
541:
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522:Michale Sahl:
520:
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507:Roger Sessions
504:
501:Gilbert Kalish
490:
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443:Edward T. Cone
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405:Yuji Takahashi
395:
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386:
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375:Artur Schnabel
349:
346:
323:Kennedy Center
278:Freeman Etudes
252:Iannis Xenakis
232:Roger Sessions
228:Artur Schnabel
196:Morton Feldman
188:Elliott Carter
168:Milton Babbitt
160:St. Elizabeths
121:Louis Zukofsky
112:
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97:Musical artist
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1711:Mark Liberman
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1657:Fox, Margalit
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1436:Paul Zukofsky
1431:
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1407:
1406:1-56478-156-9
1403:
1399:
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1368:Salzman, Eric
1364:
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1338:0-02-865571-0
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1248:Instruments 1
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1193:Baldr, Op. 34
1190:
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1016:
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1008:For John Cage
1005:
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681:Lawrence Moss
678:
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673:Donald Harris
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665:/ John Cage:
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577:Chamber Music
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457:0-393-02190-4
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256:Iain Hamilton
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216:J. K. Randall
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172:Arthur Berger
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141:Carnegie Hall
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129:Ivan Galamian
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101:Paul Zukofsky
90:
84:
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70:Occupation(s)
68:
64:
60:
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48:
44:
40:
28:
24:
20:Paul Zukofsky
17:
1716:
1681:
1670:. Retrieved
1664:
1651:
1638:
1628:
1619:
1609:
1597:
1587:
1586:"Jόn Leifs,
1581:
1565:
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1277:In The Woods
1276:
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1251:
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1221:
1210:
1206:
1200:Five Stanzas
1199:
1192:
1185:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1158:Jón Nordal:
1153:Three Images
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1122:
1115:
1104:
1093:
1089:
1082:Mistur (Mist
1081:
1073:
1063:
1056:
1050:As conductor
1043:Sonata No. 2
1042:
1041:Armin Loos:
1035:
1028:
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1007:
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928:
927:/ Jo Kondo:
924:
920:
914:
907:
904:Joel Chadabe
897:
893:
886:
882:
878:
872:Slippery Elm
871:
867:
864:Calliope Rag
863:
859:
855:
851:
848:Stoptime Rag
847:
844:Magnetic Rag
843:
840:Felicity Rag
839:
835:
832:Scott Joplin
827:
821:
814:
810:
806:
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786:
780:
779:, including
776:
766:
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746:
742:
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734:
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722:
718:
714:
710:
704:
695:
694:J. S. Bach:
688:
684:
676:
666:
662:
658:
654:
649:
645:
639:
636:George Crumb
629:
620:Six Stoichea
619:
609:
597:
590:
583:
576:
569:
565:
557:
548:Violin Phase
547:
537:
527:
523:
496:
493:Charles Ives
486:
480:As violinist
475:
446:
434:
397:
388:
366:
356:
351:
331:
327:
311:SUNY Buffalo
292:
284:
276:
272:
266:
260:
244:Stefan Wolpe
236:Ralph Shapey
204:Peter Mennin
200:Philip Glass
192:George Crumb
164:
151:
144:
114:
100:
99:
87:Years active
51:(2017-06-06)
49:June 6, 2017
1773:2017 deaths
1768:1943 births
1191:Jón Leifs:
1074:Sinfonietta
1062:John Cage:
982:John Cage:
946:John Cage:
781:Sonatensatz
626:Earle Brown
558:String Trio
544:Steve Reich
373:as that of
180:Henry Brant
117:objectivist
1762:Categories
1672:2021-01-22
1288:References
1271:Jo Kondo:
883:Strung Out
689:Time Piece
596:Paganini:
379:Armin Loos
354:Paganini's
348:Recordings
156:Ezra Pound
78:Instrument
41:, New York
32:1943-10-22
1740:Biography
1281:In Summer
1176:Tvisöngur
1172:Epitafion
1133:Jón Leifs
799:Rosace 1½
755:Evocation
719:Duo No. 2
413:Hong Kong
184:John Cage
143:in 1956.
91:1956–2017
56:Hong Kong
1719:obituary
1453:(2019).
1440:AllMusic
1374:. p. 11.
1273:Mulberry
1262:Hagoromo
1258:Jo Kondo
1240:Fourplay
1160:Portrait
1116:Relata I
811:Nocturne
763:Sonatina
743:Sonatina
727:Nocturne
725:/ Cage:
424:Writings
401:Jo Kondo
385:Executor
39:Brooklyn
1726:Portals
1268:(2004).
1217:(1996).
1149:Landsyn
1129:(1991).
1111:(1988).
1100:(1986).
1066:(1984).
1045:(2004).
1038:(2004).
1031:(1993).
1017:(1985).
1010:(1984).
1003:(1983).
986:(1983).
979:(1981).
965:(1981).
954:(1981).
948:Chorals
943:(1979).
910:(1977).
900:(1977).
874:(1975).
824:(1975).
817:(1975).
769:(1974).
723:Quombex
715:Sextets
691:(1973).
669:(1973).
632:(1972).
622:(1972).
612:(1971).
593:(1971).
586:(1970).
579:(1970).
572:(1969).
550:(1969).
540:(1969).
530:(1968).
513:(1968).
489:(1964).
321:at the
131:at the
1715:Fox's
1572:
1535:
1513:Online
1507:
1499:, ed.
1482:
1461:
1404:
1336:
1307:
1164:Adagio
1141:Geysir
929:Retard
889:1976).
879:Anahit
773:Brahms
517:Busoni
463:
455:
305:, and
301:, the
297:, the
250:, and
152:Little
111:Career
81:violin
62:Genres
1588:Baldr
1145:Hekla
1094:Orgía
759:Solos
685:Elegy
419:Works
394:Death
119:poet
1570:ISBN
1533:ISBN
1505:ISBN
1480:ISBN
1459:ISBN
1402:ISBN
1334:ISBN
1305:ISBN
1084:) /
795:Hika
659:Gasa
461:ISBN
453:ISBN
441:and
437:ed.
403:and
377:and
363:Bach
361:and
286:the
123:and
46:Died
26:Born
1713:to
1438:at
751:Duo
433:In
365:'s
1764::
1663:.
1627:,
1608:,
1564:,
1511:.
1316:^
1279:;
1275:;
1264:.
1260::
1250:;
1242:;
1224:.
1213:.
1184::
1174:;
1170:;
1166:;
1162:.
1151:;
1147:;
1143:;
1139:.
1135::
1125:.
1107:.
1096:.
1088::
1080::
1076:/
1072::
1027::
1023:.
975:;
971::
950:;
906::
870:;
846:;
842:;
838:;
834::
813:;
805::
801:/
793::
789:.
775::
687:;
683::
679:/
675::
638::
628::
618::
608::
568:;
564::
560:/
556::
546::
536::
509::
495::
459:.
451:.
381:.
246:,
242:,
238:,
234:,
230:,
226:,
222:,
218:,
214:,
210:,
206:,
202:,
198:,
194:,
190:,
186:,
182:,
178:,
174:,
170:,
107:.
1728::
1675:.
1576:.
1539:.
1486:.
1465:.
1408:.
1340:.
1311:.
467:.
370:.
34:)
30:(
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