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818:(DHS) announced that it would establish a new facility on the West Campus. It planned to spend approximately $ 4.1 billion for renovations and adaptive reuse of buildings, in order to relocate its headquarters and most of its Washington-based offices to a new 4,500,000-square-foot (420,000 m) facility on the site. DHS had operations housed in dozens of buildings in the Washington, D.C., area, as several elements of the agency had been independent before its formation. Consolidation of employees from at least 60 facilities to St. Elizabeths was expected to result in a savings of $ 64 million per year in rental costs. DHS also hoped to improve employee morale and unity within the relatively new agency by having a central location from which to operate.
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568:, the West Lodge, originally built for male African-American patients, was used as a general hospital by the U.S. Navy. The unfinished east wing of the main building was used by the U.S. Army as a general hospital for sick and wounded soldiers. The Army hospital officially took the name of St. Elizabeth's Army Medical Hospital to differentiate it from the psychiatric hospital in the west wing of the same building. The name St. Elizabeth's was derived from the
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484:. Burials were performed on the West Campus beginning in 1856. Approximately 450 graves of Civil War veterans and an unknown number of civilians are buried on the West Campus. In 1873, the three-quarter-acre West Campus burying ground was deemed full, and a new cemetery was opened on the East Campus. Approximately 2,050 military and 3,000 civilian interments occurred on the nine-acre cemetery on the East Campus over the next 120 years.
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552:. His 1854 manual recommended specifics such as site, ventilation, number of patients, and the need for a rural location proximate to a city. He also recommended that the location have good soil for farming and gardens for the patients. Large facilities were self-supporting and some of the work was considered good for patients to engage in.
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superintendent's residential quarters. All three sections of the hospital were operated under one roof, in keeping with
Kirkbride's design. Two other buildings, the West Lodge (1856–98) for men and the East Lodge for women, were built to house and care for African-American patients, as the city was effectively racially segregated.
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Justice found that St. Elizabeths had "significantly improved the care and treatment of persons confined to Saint
Elizabeths Hospital" and asked a federal court to dismiss the injunction. In January 2015, DC Auditors dismissed the settlement agreement and officially ended oversight of St. Elizabeths Hospital.
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According to reporter Kelly
Patricia O'Meara, St. Elizabeths is believed to have treated more than 125,000 patients; an exact number is not known because of poor record keeping and the division of responsibilities among different agencies over the years. Additionally, thousands of patients appear to
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By 2015, construction began in the Center
Building. Initially, this building has been slated for renovation, but internal structures (floors and ceilings) appeared to be beyond repair. The entire Center Building was renovated by removing old internal structures and building new structures to replace
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experts argued that the consolidation plans would result in destruction of dozens of historic buildings on the campus and urged consideration of other alternatives. Community activists expressed concern that the planned high-security facility would be cut off from the surrounding community. They had
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rivers in the southeast quadrant of
Washington, D.C. It is divided by Martin Luther King Jr. Avenue between the 118-acre (48 ha) East Campus (now owned by the D.C. government) and the 182-acre (74 ha) West Campus (owned by the federal government). It has many important historic buildings,
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A new civil and forensic hospital was built on the East Campus by the
District of Columbia Department of Mental Health and opened in the spring of 2010, housing approximately 297 patients. Until the new hospital opened, civil patients were cared for in various buildings on the East Campus. Forensic
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By 1996, only 850 patients remained at the hospital on the East Campus. The
District of Columbia struggled with the poor conditions from years of neglect and inadequate funding: equipment and medicine shortages occurred frequently, and the heating system was broken for weeks at a time. Although the
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By the early 21st century the
District of Columbia had made plans to redevelop St. Elizabeths' East Campus for mixed-use and residential rental property. The first step was construction of an arena for minor league sports. Other buildings on the East Campus were to be renovated for residential and
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The patient population of St. Elizabeths steadily declined as alternatives were sought for treatment. Unfortunately the act was never fully funded, states did not provide sufficient funds for community centers, and there has been a widespread failure to provide treatment for the mentally ill. They
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ranked the hospital complex as one of the nation's "11 Most
Endangered Places". Access to many areas of the campus, including what was then the abandoned West Campus (which houses the Center Building), was restricted before 2010. A variety of proposals were made on how to use and/or redevelop the
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undertook an investigation of the hospital because of allegations that patient rights were being violated. In 2007, the
Department of Justice and the District of Columbia reached a settlement over these allegations. DOJ instituted oversight of needed changes. On August 28, 2014, the Department of
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in getting the hospital started. Her recommendation resulted in the appointment of Dr. Charles H. Nichols as the hospital's first superintendent. After his appointment in the fall of 1852, Nichols and Dix began formulating a plan for the hospital's design and operation. They set out to find an
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After the Civil War and the closing of the Army's hospital, the St. Elizabeth's name was used unofficially and intermittently until 1916. Congress passed legislation changing the name from the Government Hospital for the Insane to St. Elizabeths Hospital, inexplicably omitting the possessive
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Dr. Nichols oversaw the design and building of St. Elizabeths, which began in 1853. The hospital was constructed in three phases. The west wing was built first, followed by the east wing and finally the center portion of the building, which housed the administrative operations as well as the
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Since 2010, the hospital's functions have been limited to the portion of the East Campus operated by the District of Columbia Department of Mental Health. The remainder of the East Campus is slated for redevelopment by the District of Columbia. The West Campus was transferred to the
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to the District of Columbia government, by the St. Elizabeths Hospital and District of Columbia Mental Health Services Act of 1984. The federal government retained ownership of the West Campus. By 2002, all remaining patients on the West Campus were transferred to other facilities.
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patients were housed in the John Howard Pavilion. In the new facility, civil and forensic patients live in separate units of the same building. The new hospital also houses a library, an auditorium, multiple computer laboratories, and a small museum in the lobby.
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Much of St. Elizabeths' campus had fallen into disuse by the early 21st century and was in serious disrepair. The number of patients had steadily declined since the mid-20th century as community alternatives were sought for large mental institutions. In 2002 the
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Several important therapeutic techniques were pioneered at St. Elizabeths, and it served as a model for later institutions. It was the first to use hydrotherapy, Freudian psychoanalytic techniques, dance therapy and psychodrama, for instance.
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was projected to open in May 2013, and a ceremony was held in July 2013 at the site. The U.S. Coast Guard Headquarters Building and several former hospital buildings (Atkins Hall, cafeteria) had been rehabilitated to support the new offices.
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In 1963, Dr. Luther D. Robinson, the first African American superintendent of St. Elizabeths, founded the mental health program for the deaf. Throughout his career he was a leading authority on treating deaf patients with brain disorders.
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make up a large proportion of the homeless, an increasing problem in many cities, as well as a high proportion of people held in jails and prisons. Lacking stable lives, many get caught up in the justice system through drugs and crime.
629:. The act provided for local outpatient facilities and drug therapy as a more effective means of allowing patients to live near-normal lives. The first community-based center for mental health was established at St. Elizabeths in 1969.
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In the 1830s, local residents, including Dr. Thomas Miller, a medical doctor and president of the Washington, D.C. Board of Health, had begun petitioning Congress for a facility to care for people with brain diseases in the
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536:(1802–1887) served as a pioneering advocate for people living with mental illnesses and she helped convince legislators of the need for the hospital. In 1852 she wrote the legislation that established the hospital.
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have been buried in unmarked graves across the campus. Records for individuals buried in the graves have been lost. O'Meara has suggested that some bodies may have been cremated in the incinerator on-site. The
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After several decades in decline, the federal government decided that the large campus could no longer be adequately maintained. In 1987, Congress transferred hospital functions on the East Campus from the
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in 2004. GSA improved security around the campus, shored up roofs, and covered windows with plywood in an attempt to secure the buildings and preserve the campus until a tenant could be found.
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Beginning in the 1950s, however, large institutions such as St. Elizabeths were being criticized for hindering the treatment of patients and for outright abuses of some patients. The 1963
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to the campus or developing office and retail space. However, the tremendous cost of bringing existing facilities up to code (estimated at $ 50–$ 100 million) kept developers away.
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The government's plans proceeded. A ceremonial groundbreaking for the DHS consolidated headquarters took place at St. Elizabeths on September 9, 2009. The event was attended by Senator
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After the 1987 separation of the campuses, the D.C. government and its consultants proposed several commercial redevelopment projects for the West Campus, including relocating the
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In the 1940s and 1950s, St. Elizabeths was using electro-shock in an effort to treat mental illness. In this period, it applied electro-shock and other treatments in an attempt to
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hoped for agencies with employees who might support neighborhood businesses and shopping, settle in residential areas, and help revitalize the economically depressed area.
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1022:. OSS tested a mescaline and scopolamine cocktail as a truth drug on two volunteers at St. Elizabeths Hospital, but found the combination unsuccessful. Separate tests of
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sought alternatives within agency needs. Control of the West Campus—home of the oldest building on the campus, the Center Building—was transferred from HHS to the
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hospital continues to operate, it does so on a far smaller scale than it once did. As of January 31, 2009, the current patient census was 404 in-patients.
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2166:"Saint Elizabeths Hospital Cemeteries – Cemeteries on Saint Elizabeths' West and East campuses offer an important window into the hospital's history"
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as a place where the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) would confine persons they considered a security risk for the duration of World War II.
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them, while retaining the historic facades. Between March and April 2019, the Department's Headquarters components moved to Center Building.
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Soon after the hospital opened to patients in January 1855, it became known officially as the Government Hospital for the Insane. During the
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More than 15,000 known autopsies were performed at St. Elizabeths from 1884 through 1982. A collection of over 1,400 brains preserved in
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Housing over 8,000 patients at its peak in the 1950s, the hospital had a fully functioning medical-surgical unit, a school of
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An early 20th century photo of the Center Building at St. Elizabeths, one of the oldest structures on the hospital campus
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1729:"Justice Department Asks Court to Dismiss Saint Elizabeths Hospital Case After Conditions Improved Under Consent Decree"
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1354:"Planned Homeland Security headquarters, long-delayed and over budget, now in doubt. Washington Post, p B1, 20 May 2014"
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In the late 19th century, the hospital temporarily housed animals that were brought back from expeditions for the
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for its headquarters and its subsidiary agencies. St. Elizabeths Hospital campus also has the joint tenant of the
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904:. Hinckley was released in 2016, subject to a number of restrictions. The court lifted all restrictions in 2022.
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site. Now it is restricted because of the nature of the tenant agencies in the Department of Homeland Security.
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operated by the District of Columbia Department of Mental Health. The hospital opened in 1855 under the name
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until 1987. At that time, ownership of its East Campus was transferred by the federal government to the
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613:. At its peak, the St. Elizabeths campus housed 8,000 patients annually and employed 4,000 people.
2077:"DHS moves its National Operations Center off site after staff member tests positive for COVID-19"
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1772:"The arena's just the start. Residential overhaul of St. Elizabeths East to begin this summer"
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2047:"DHS on-track to move Nielsen to 'substantially complete' St. Elizabeths office next spring"
1938:"DHS and GSA Participate in Joint Groundbreaking Ceremony for Consolidated DHS Headquarters"
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2107:"Frances A Weiser in the District of Columbia, U.S., Glenwood Cemetery Records, 1854–2013"
1595:"H.R.6224 – Saint Elizabeths Hospital and District of Columbia Mental Health Services Act"
995:, onetime laboratory director, was inspired by St. Elizabeths to pioneer the transorbital
8:
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The hospital was referred to in "The Unseen Wound", an episode of the television series
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interns toured the east and west campuses in 2010, sharing their experiences in blogs.
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U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Saint Elizabeths Hospital
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foremost among them the Center Building, designed according to the principles of the
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708:) patients. Forensic patients are those who are adjudicated to be criminally insane (
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Government buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C.
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The campus of St. Elizabeths is located on bluffs overlooking the confluence of the
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Well-known patients of St. Elizabeths have included would-be presidential assassins
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University and college buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places
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Hospital buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C.
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1416:. Washington DC: Anacostia Community Museum, Smithsonian Institution. p. 75.
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1628:"Historic Medical Sites in the Washington, D.C. Area – St. Elizabeths Hospital"
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In the early 21st century, approximately half of St. Elizabeths' patients are
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https://s3.amazonaws.com/public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2019-07011.pdf
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1208:. She is suffering uncontrollable grief after the death of their son Willie.
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1502:"An American apology for decades of anti-LGBTQ persecution is long overdue"
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1077:(1804–87). He is notable as the primary architect of the expansion of the
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and illness among staff, the DHS National Operations Center relocated to
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was scheduled to be the first agency on the site in 2010. The relocated
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716:. Civil patients are those who are admitted owing to an acute need for
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1379:"History of St. Elizabeths – GSA Development of St. Elizabeths Campus"
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The plans to relocate DHS to St. Elizabeths were strongly criticized.
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committed to the hospital for treatment. The other half are forensic (
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List of jails and prisons on the National Register of Historic Places
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apostrophe. It also transferred the hospital's administration to the
2113:. District of Columbia, Glenwood Cemetery Records, 1854–2013. 2019.
1916:"List of America's most endangered historic places – St. Elizabeths"
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in an effort to reduce or prevent infections of critical personnel.
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2700 and 2701 Martin Luther King Jr. Ave. SE, 1100 Alabama Avenue SE
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2025:"Historic Center Building Renovation – St. Elizabeths West Campus"
587:. There were no other federal facilities for such purpose, as the
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played a sheriff, a Civil War–era Army officer who suffered from
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associated retail uses, starting in 2018. On September 22, 2018,
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1654:. District of Columbia Dept. of Mental Health. December 31, 2008
153:
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St. Elizabeths is referenced several times in W.E.B. Griffin's
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An 1860 topographic map of the Saint Elizabeths Hospital campus
1018:, used facilities and staff at St. Elizabeths Hospital to test
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while committed to an asylum in Great Britain; American poet
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The view of the Washington, D.C., skyline from St. Elizabeths
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appropriated $ 100,000 for the construction of a hospital in
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to attempt to locate unmarked graves, but has yet to do so.
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name for the tract of land on which the hospital was built.
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St. Elizabeths Hospital was founded in August 1852 when the
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1963:"Wegmans, large corporations could fill vacant D.C. sites"
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1797:"St. Elizabeths East – Flaherty & Collins Properties"
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By 1940, St. Elizabeths Hospital was transferred to the
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Historic American Landscapes Survey in Washington, D.C.
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appropriate location, based upon guidelines created by
2243:"New Life For Our Oldest Federal Psychiatric Facility"
1674:"December 2008 – Trend Analysis – Hospital Statistics"
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United States Department of Health and Human Services
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1335:"D.C. celebrates building opening at St. Elizabeths"
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History of the National Register of Historic Places
1851:"Homeland Security plans move to hospital compound"
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539:Dix, who was on friendly terms with U.S. President
1743:"D.C. officially ends oversight of St. Elizabeths"
1499:
1229:District of Columbia Department of Mental Health.
953:, current owner of the property, considered using
919:, a stage and silent film actress and early star;
756:. It also serves as the practice facility for the
746:St. Elizabeths East Entertainment and Sports Arena
482:Saint Elizabeths Hospital East and West Cemeteries
475:Douglas A. Munro Coast Guard Headquarters Building
3828:Historically black hospitals in the United States
3343:List of U.S. National Historic Landmarks by state
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2303:St. Elizabeths Hospital East Campus Redevelopment
2075:Dickson, Caitlin; Winter, Jana (March 30, 2020).
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2127:
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3868:National Historic Landmarks in Washington, D.C.
3813:Gothic Revival architecture in Washington, D.C.
3735:National Register of Historic Places portal
2459:Specialty Hospital of Washington - Capitol Hill
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1500:Gallagher (he/him), John (September 18, 2021).
803:Given little private interest in the site, the
596:convert homosexual individuals to heterosexuals
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915:Notable residents from civil commitments were
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1172:. The modern term was not used in the script.
772:The Center Building at St. Elizabeths in 2006
636:In 1967, the hospital was transferred to the
471:United States Department of Homeland Security
2276:. U.S. General Services Administration. 2013
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1528:National Archives and Records Administration
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1026:as a truth serum were equally unsuccessful.
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845:, and acting GSA administrator Paul Prouty.
792:The Main Building on the West Campus in 2006
607:Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
489:U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
443:psychiatric hospital in the United States.
3858:Italianate architecture in Washington, D.C.
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864:By April 2020, because of the surge in the
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2132:O'Meara, Kelly Patricia (August 6, 2001).
1288:National Historic Landmark summary listing
487:The hospital was under the control of the
380:Italianate Revival, Italian Gothic Revival
208:
3873:Psychiatric hospitals in Washington, D.C.
3283:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
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2464:Specialty Hospital of Washington - Hadley
2348:A Few Good Men (1992) – Filming Locations
1033:
968:soldiers are interred at St. Elizabeths.
188:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
2454:MedStar National Rehabilitation Hospital
2327:GSA Development of St. Elizabeths Campus
1912:National Trust for Historic Preservation
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1087:National Trust for Historic Preservation
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578:United States Department of the Interior
477:with hundreds of Coast Guard personnel.
197:U.S. National Historic Landmark District
3788:1852 establishments in Washington, D.C.
2792:Kalamazoo Regional Psychiatric Hospital
1290:. National Park Service. Archived from
1056:The hospital's West Campus plan in 1937
912:, was held here until he was executed.
3838:Historic districts in Washington, D.C.
3823:Government of the District of Columbia
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2877:Fergus Falls Regional Treatment Center
2847:Eastern Michigan Asylum for the Insane
2690:Institute of the Pennsylvania Hospital
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1257:"National Register Information System"
980:An elderly patient at St. Elizabeths,
923:, who made major contributions to the
854:U.S. Coast Guard Headquarters Building
798:University of the District of Columbia
214:Aerial view of the West Campus in 2015
3808:Former cemeteries in Washington, D.C.
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2511:District of Columbia General Hospital
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2308:St. Elizabeths Hospital Facebook Page
1997:
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3883:Unused buildings in Washington, D.C.
3843:Hospital buildings completed in 1855
1822:"St. Elizabeths East Campus | dmped"
1524:"Records of St. Elizabeths Hospital"
1436:U.S. General Services Administration
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1262:National Register of Historic Places
1204:mentions St. Elizabeths to his wife
1097:
748:opened on campus. It is home to the
266:Show map of the District of Columbia
3000:Callan Park Hospital for the Insane
2720:Greystone Park Psychiatric Hospital
2485:Psychiatric Institute of Washington
2336:St. Elizabeths Hospital West Campus
2332:Historic American Landscapes Survey
2240:
2087:from the original on April 21, 2020
2000:"Plan the Work, Then Work the Plan"
1936:Press release (September 9, 2009).
1881:
1457:"National Zoological Park, Records"
1449:
1333:Cauvin, Henri E. (April 23, 2010).
1249:
638:National Institute of Mental Health
611:U.S. Public Health Service Hospital
13:
3698:National Historic Preservation Act
2264:
2204:"Erowid War Vault : Timeline"
2134:"Forgotten Dead of St. Elizabeths"
1128:by removing the content or adding
437:Government Hospital for the Insane
16:Psychiatric hospital in D.C., U.S.
14:
3894:
2959:Eastern Washington State Hospital
2918:Central State Hospital (Kentucky)
2751:Central State Hospital (Virginia)
2287:
1849:Losey, Stephen (March 17, 2007).
1801:Flaherty & Collins Properties
1522:Robert B. Matchette; et al.
1396:
1323:
1040:Campus of St. Elizabeths Hospital
1003:and some psychiatric conditions.
643:
559:
3765:
3740:
3739:
3728:
3100:
2872:Cherokee Mental Health Institute
2772:Central State Hospital (Indiana)
1882:Moe, Richard (January 8, 2009).
1679:. DC Department of Mental Health
1465:Smithsonian Institution Archives
1102:
933:, a fascist collaborator during
710:not guilty by reason of insanity
665:
656:
498:
282:
275:
257:
250:
232:
225:
77:1100 Alabama Avenue, Southeast,
53:
44:
2526:Walter Reed Army Medical Center
2234:
2214:
2196:
2176:
2158:
2099:
2068:
2057:
2039:
2017:
1998:Clapp, Jeannie (June 8, 2015).
1991:
1973:
1955:
1884:"A Disaster for St. Elizabeths"
1875:
1814:
1789:
1764:
1735:
1721:
1691:
1641:
1493:
1479:
1383:www.stelizabethsdevelopment.com
1231:"About St. Elizabeths Hospital"
1196:In Jennifer Chiaverini's novel
1006:During American involvement in
951:General Services Administration
816:Department of Homeland Security
809:General Services Administration
782:Department of Homeland Security
724:patients can be voluntarily or
480:The campus grounds contain the
3878:United States Marine Hospitals
3651:Federated States of Micronesia
3297:Architectural style categories
3087:St. Elizabeths Hospital (D.C.)
2913:Trans-Allegheny Lunatic Asylum
2115:Res. of St. Elizabeth Hospital
1371:
1352:Markon, Jerry (May 20, 2014).
1345:
1306:
1014:(OSS), the predecessor to the
763:
691:
461:. Its campus was designated a
386:
1:
3853:Hospitals established in 1852
2954:Eastern Oregon State Hospital
2797:Mount Pleasant State Hospital
2418:MedStar Georgetown University
2389:Hospitals in Washington, D.C.
2241:Lam, May-Ying (May 3, 2010).
1624:National Institutes of Health
1565:Holley, Joe (June 17, 2007).
1212:
981:
908:, who assassinated President
780:Opening ceremony for the new
291:Show map of the United States
3793:American Civil War hospitals
2756:Spring Grove Hospital Center
2408:George Washington University
2403:Children's National Hospital
1567:"Tussle Over St. Elizabeths"
1489:– via www.youtube.com.
1012:Office of Strategic Services
941:, a scientific illustrator.
671:St. Elizabeths Hospital Tour
241:Show map of Washington, D.C.
7:
2832:Independence State Hospital
2777:Jacksonville State Hospital
2700:Hudson River State Hospital
2638:Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge
2506:Columbia Hospital for Women
2283:. St. Martin's Press. 2007.
1981:"Log In or Sign Up to View"
1429:"St. Elizabeths: A History"
1314:"St. Elizabeths: A History"
1016:Central Intelligence Agency
623:Community Mental Health Act
503:
371:Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge
10:
3899:
3703:Historic Preservation Fund
3682:American Legation, Morocco
3082:Freedmen's Hospital (D.C.)
2685:Northampton State Hospital
2449:Hospital for Sick Children
2442:Long term/rehab/outpatient
1037:
784:headquarters in April 2019
733:U.S. Department of Justice
714:incompetent to stand trial
616:
543:, was asked to assist the
463:National Historic Landmark
433:Southeast Washington, D.C.
18:
3723:
3690:
3669:
3644:Lists by associated state
3643:
3602:
3335:
3289:
3216:
3198:
3160:
3137:
3109:
3098:
3052:
2987:
2941:
2885:
2817:Osawatomie State Hospital
2764:
2738:
2675:Harrisburg State Hospital
2670:New Jersey State Hospital
2662:
2655:
2605:
2593:
2581:
2574:
2498:
2477:
2441:
2395:
2273:St. Elizabeths: A History
1427:Otto, Thomas (May 2013).
1284:"St. Elizabeths Hospital"
1198:Mrs. Lincoln's Dressmaker
1124:Please help Knowledge to
972:Contributions to medicine
926:Oxford English Dictionary
876:Notable resident patients
850:United States Coast Guard
664:
655:
650:
418:
410:
402:
397:
385:NRHP reference
384:
376:
365:
357:
349:
312:
300:
219:
207:
203:
194:
185:
178:
174:
170:
160:
148:
143:
135:
127:
122:
114:
102:
90:
85:
73:
68:
64:
52:
43:
38:
33:
3863:Kirkbride Plan hospitals
3625:Northern Mariana Islands
2964:Mendocino State Hospital
2862:Northern Michigan Asylum
2827:Winnebago State Hospital
2802:St. Peter State Hospital
2787:Wisconsin State Hospital
2725:Worcester State Hospital
2334:(HALS) No. DC-11, "
1081:that was begun in 1851.
955:ground-penetrating radar
892:, who attempted to kill
731:In the early 2000s, the
377:Architectural style
2928:Arkansas State Hospital
2857:Clarinda State Hospital
2852:Kankakee State Hospital
2842:Columbus State Hospital
2746:St. Elizabeths Hospital
2705:Danville State Hospital
2643:Richard Snowden Andrews
2490:St. Elizabeths Hospital
2396:General/acute/emergency
999:. It was used to treat
814:On March 20, 2007, the
726:involuntarily committed
603:Federal Security Agency
585:Smithsonian Institution
425:St. Elizabeths Hospital
353:346 acres (140 ha)
180:St. Elizabeths Hospital
34:St. Elizabeths Hospital
3620:Minor Outlying Islands
3603:Lists by insular areas
3317:Keeper of the Register
2933:Terrell State Hospital
2898:Jackson State Hospital
2893:Western State Hospital
2730:Danvers State Hospital
2710:Buffalo State Hospital
2695:Dixmont State Hospital
2680:Taunton State Hospital
2587:Thomas Story Kirkbride
2142:. BNET. Archived from
1699:"Settlement Agreement"
1057:
1049:
1034:Facilities and grounds
987:
885:
833:(D-CT), DHS Secretary
793:
785:
773:
673:, 56:38, May 9, 2017,
627:deinstitutionalization
550:Thomas Story Kirkbride
524:with brain illnesses.
510:United States Congress
28:Hospital in D.C., U.S.
21:St. Elizabeth Hospital
3322:National Park Service
3302:Contributing property
3046:U.S. Marine Hospitals
2979:Patton State Hospital
2974:Oregon State Hospital
2949:Agnews State Hospital
2903:Austin State Hospital
2867:Nevada State Hospital
2837:Athens Lunatic Asylum
2822:Topeka State Hospital
2782:Dayton State Hospital
2715:Warren State Hospital
2433:United Medical Center
2317:National Park Service
1487:"The Acknowledgement"
1267:National Park Service
1176:National Public Radio
1055:
1047:
979:
921:William Chester Minor
883:
839:Eleanor Holmes Norton
823:Historic preservation
791:
779:
771:
334:38.85083°N 76.99444°W
3677:District of Columbia
3147:National Leprosarium
2995:Nova Scotia Hospital
2812:Elgin State Hospital
2053:. November 27, 2018.
2051:Federal News Network
2004:Constructor Magazine
1126:improve this article
591:had not been built.
493:District of Columbia
429:psychiatric hospital
411:Designated NHLD
128:Construction started
39:District of Columbia
19:For other uses, see
2969:Napa State Hospital
2807:Anna State Hospital
2516:Freedmen's Hospital
2322:Kirkbride Buildings
2146:on February 9, 2008
2139:Insight on the News
1888:The Washington Post
1776:www.bizjournals.com
1750:www.bizjournals.com
1572:The Washington Post
1412:Lowe, Gail (2010).
1358:The Washington Post
1339:The Washington Post
1294:on February 9, 2008
1269:. January 23, 2007.
1138:independent sources
339:38.85083; -76.99444
330: /
2923:Broughton Hospital
2568:The Kirkbride Plan
2423:MedStar Washington
2222:"The Unseen Wound"
1863:on January 2, 2013
1731:. August 28, 2014.
1601:. November 8, 1984
1237:on August 23, 2007
1200:(2013), President
1094:In popular culture
1058:
1050:
988:
966:American Civil War
906:Charles J. Guiteau
902:shot Ronald Reagan
886:
805:federal government
794:
786:
774:
758:Washington Wizards
754:Capital City Go-Go
750:Washington Mystics
545:Interior Secretary
530:City of Washington
441:federally operated
369:Thomas U. Walter;
3753:
3752:
3307:Historic district
3249:
3248:
3139:Mississippi River
3012:
3011:
3008:
3007:
2656:Notable buildings
2651:
2650:
2623:Nathaniel Bradlee
2534:
2533:
2413:Howard University
2170:DC Historic Sites
1969:. April 26, 2012.
1942:Homeland Security
1414:East of the river
1206:Mary Todd Lincoln
1155:
1154:
898:John Hinckley Jr.
866:COVID-19 pandemic
680:
679:
422:
421:
414:December 14, 1990
398:Significant dates
165:Hospitals in U.S.
3890:
3798:Congress Heights
3770:
3769:
3768:
3761:
3743:
3742:
3733:
3732:
3731:
3656:Marshall Islands
3276:
3269:
3262:
3253:
3252:
3104:
3039:
3032:
3025:
3016:
3015:
2988:Outside the U.S.
2660:
2659:
2579:
2578:
2561:
2554:
2547:
2538:
2537:
2382:
2375:
2368:
2359:
2358:
2299:
2298:
2296:Official website
2279:Streatfeild, D.
2258:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2238:
2232:
2231:
2218:
2212:
2211:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2129:
2118:
2117:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2081:sports.yahoo.com
2072:
2066:
2061:
2055:
2054:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2021:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2010:
1995:
1989:
1988:
1985:www.facebook.com
1977:
1971:
1970:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1908:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1859:. Archived from
1846:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1793:
1787:
1786:
1784:
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1768:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1747:
1739:
1733:
1732:
1725:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1705:. Archived from
1695:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1678:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1653:
1649:"Trend Analysis"
1645:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1620:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1591:
1585:
1584:
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1580:
1562:
1539:
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1474:
1472:
1453:
1447:
1446:
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1418:
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1375:
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1330:
1321:
1320:
1318:
1310:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1280:
1271:
1270:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1233:. Archived from
1226:
1184:The Corps Series
1150:
1147:
1141:
1106:
1105:
1098:
1075:Thomas U. Walter
986:
983:
890:Richard Lawrence
837:, D.C. Delegate
835:Janet Napolitano
831:Joseph Lieberman
752:of the WBNA and
718:psychiatric care
712:) or considered
669:
668:
660:
648:
647:
541:Millard Fillmore
514:Washington, D.C.
388:
345:
344:
342:
341:
340:
335:
331:
328:
327:
326:
323:
307:Washington, D.C.
292:
286:
285:
279:
267:
261:
260:
254:
242:
236:
235:
229:
212:
156:
154:sehcommunity.org
79:Washington, D.C.
57:
48:
31:
30:
3898:
3897:
3893:
3892:
3891:
3889:
3888:
3887:
3778:
3777:
3776:
3766:
3764:
3756:
3754:
3749:
3729:
3727:
3719:
3686:
3665:
3639:
3598:
3331:
3285:
3280:
3250:
3245:
3212:
3194:
3156:
3133:
3105:
3096:
3048:
3043:
3013:
3004:
2983:
2937:
2881:
2760:
2734:
2647:
2628:John G. Haskell
2618:Elbridge Boyden
2601:
2589:
2570:
2565:
2535:
2530:
2494:
2473:
2437:
2428:Sibley Memorial
2391:
2386:
2294:
2293:
2290:
2267:
2265:Further reading
2262:
2261:
2251:
2249:
2239:
2235:
2220:
2219:
2215:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2164:
2163:
2159:
2149:
2147:
2130:
2121:
2105:
2104:
2100:
2090:
2088:
2073:
2069:
2062:
2058:
2045:
2044:
2040:
2030:
2028:
2023:
2022:
2018:
2008:
2006:
1996:
1992:
1979:
1978:
1974:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1946:
1944:
1934:
1930:
1920:
1918:
1909:
1902:
1892:
1890:
1880:
1876:
1866:
1864:
1847:
1840:
1830:
1828:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1805:
1803:
1795:
1794:
1790:
1780:
1778:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1755:
1753:
1745:
1741:
1740:
1736:
1727:
1726:
1722:
1712:
1710:
1709:on June 5, 2012
1697:
1696:
1692:
1682:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1657:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1646:
1642:
1632:
1630:
1621:
1614:
1604:
1602:
1593:
1592:
1588:
1578:
1576:
1563:
1542:
1532:
1530:
1520:
1513:
1498:
1494:
1485:
1484:
1480:
1470:
1468:
1455:
1454:
1450:
1440:
1438:
1431:
1425:
1421:
1410:
1397:
1387:
1385:
1377:
1376:
1372:
1362:
1360:
1350:
1346:
1331:
1324:
1316:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1297:
1295:
1282:
1281:
1274:
1255:
1254:
1250:
1240:
1238:
1227:
1220:
1215:
1202:Abraham Lincoln
1151:
1145:
1142:
1123:
1119:popular culture
1107:
1103:
1096:
1042:
1036:
984:
974:
878:
766:
728:for treatment.
694:
666:
651:External videos
646:
619:
562:
506:
501:
338:
336:
332:
329:
324:
321:
319:
317:
316:
305:
296:
295:
294:
293:
290:
289:
288:
287:
270:
269:
268:
265:
264:
263:
262:
245:
244:
243:
240:
239:
238:
237:
215:
199:
190:
181:
152:
97:Public hospital
60:
29:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3896:
3886:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3775:
3774:
3751:
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3747:
3737:
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3718:
3717:
3712:
3707:
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3694:
3692:
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3684:
3679:
3673:
3671:
3667:
3666:
3664:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3647:
3645:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3637:
3635:Virgin Islands
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3610:American Samoa
3606:
3604:
3600:
3599:
3597:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3544:South Carolina
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3509:North Carolina
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
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3476:
3471:
3466:
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3456:
3451:
3446:
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3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
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3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3339:
3337:
3336:Lists by state
3333:
3332:
3330:
3329:
3327:Property types
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3293:
3291:
3287:
3286:
3279:
3278:
3271:
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3256:
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3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3222:
3220:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3210:
3204:
3202:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
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3166:
3164:
3158:
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3154:
3149:
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3141:
3135:
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3126:
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3115:
3113:
3107:
3106:
3099:
3097:
3095:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3072:Neponsit Beach
3069:
3064:
3058:
3056:
3050:
3049:
3042:
3041:
3034:
3027:
3019:
3010:
3009:
3006:
3005:
3003:
3002:
2997:
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2989:
2985:
2984:
2982:
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2976:
2971:
2966:
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2956:
2951:
2945:
2943:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2908:Bryce Hospital
2905:
2900:
2895:
2889:
2887:
2883:
2882:
2880:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2768:
2766:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2742:
2740:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
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2666:
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2657:
2653:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
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2620:
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2609:
2607:
2603:
2602:
2597:
2595:
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2590:
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2556:
2549:
2541:
2532:
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2500:
2496:
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2474:
2472:
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2466:
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3539:Rhode Island
3534:Pennsylvania
3514:North Dakota
3236:Fort Stanton
3218:Western U.S.
3086:
3077:Ellis Island
2745:
2739:Mid-Atlantic
2613:Samuel Sloan
2599:Dorothea Dix
2489:
2347:
2280:
2271:
2250:. Retrieved
2246:
2236:
2225:
2216:
2207:
2198:
2187:
2178:
2169:
2160:
2148:. Retrieved
2144:the original
2137:
2114:
2111:Ancestry.com
2110:
2101:
2089:. Retrieved
2080:
2070:
2059:
2050:
2041:
2029:. Retrieved
2019:
2007:. Retrieved
2003:
1993:
1984:
1975:
1966:
1957:
1945:. Retrieved
1941:
1931:
1919:. Retrieved
1893:November 21,
1891:. Retrieved
1887:
1877:
1865:. Retrieved
1861:the original
1854:
1829:. Retrieved
1826:dmped.dc.gov
1825:
1816:
1804:. Retrieved
1800:
1791:
1779:. Retrieved
1775:
1766:
1754:. Retrieved
1749:
1737:
1723:
1711:. Retrieved
1707:the original
1702:
1693:
1681:. Retrieved
1668:
1656:. Retrieved
1643:
1631:. Retrieved
1603:. Retrieved
1599:Congress.gov
1589:
1577:. Retrieved
1570:
1531:. Retrieved
1506:LGBTQ Nation
1505:
1495:
1481:
1469:. Retrieved
1460:
1451:
1439:. Retrieved
1422:
1413:
1386:. Retrieved
1382:
1373:
1361:. Retrieved
1357:
1347:
1338:
1308:
1296:. Retrieved
1292:the original
1287:
1260:
1251:
1239:. Retrieved
1235:the original
1197:
1188:
1182:
1159:
1143:
1113:may contain
1112:
1083:
1079:U.S. Capitol
1059:
1028:
1008:World War II
1005:
989:
962:formaldehyde
959:
947:
935:World War II
924:
914:
887:
863:
859:
847:
843:Adrian Fenty
828:
820:
813:
802:
795:
760:of the NBA.
742:
738:
730:
699:
695:
681:
635:
631:
620:
605:, later the
600:
593:
589:National Zoo
582:
574:
570:colonial-era
563:
554:
538:
534:Dorothea Dix
526:
507:
486:
479:
467:
445:
439:, the first
436:
424:
423:
139:October 1855
86:Organisation
25:
3670:Other areas
3630:Puerto Rico
3464:Mississippi
3379:Connecticut
3200:Great Lakes
2478:Psychiatric
1947:January 23,
1921:January 15,
1683:January 23,
1467:. 1887–1966
985: 1917
943:James Swann
917:Mary Fuller
841:, DC Mayor
764:West Campus
692:East Campus
459:residencies
456:psychiatric
452:internships
337: /
313:Coordinates
131:August 1852
118:Psychiatric
3803:Ezra Pound
3782:Categories
3579:Washington
3499:New Mexico
3494:New Jersey
3369:California
3190:Pittsburgh
3180:Cincinnati
3175:Louisville
3162:Ohio River
3129:Fort Worth
3124:Nassau Bay
3111:Gulf Coast
3092:Charleston
3054:East Coast
2942:West Coast
2606:Architects
2582:Physicians
2521:Providence
2150:August 20,
2009:August 21,
1867:August 20,
1703:DMH.dc.gov
1633:August 20,
1579:August 20,
1363:August 17,
1241:August 20,
1213:References
1190:Men at War
1146:April 2020
1115:irrelevant
931:Ezra Pound
325:76°59′40″W
322:38°51′03″N
109:Specialist
3589:Wisconsin
3554:Tennessee
3459:Minnesota
3434:Louisiana
3185:Lexington
2663:Northeast
2594:Advocates
2281:Brainwash
2252:April 18,
2184:"PBS.org"
2091:August 4,
2031:March 11,
1471:April 10,
1130:citations
1066:Anacostia
566:Civil War
518:U.S. Army
465:in 1990.
366:Architect
115:Specialty
69:Geography
3745:Category
3574:Virginia
3524:Oklahoma
3504:New York
3479:Nebraska
3469:Missouri
3454:Michigan
3444:Maryland
3429:Kentucky
3409:Illinois
3384:Delaware
3374:Colorado
3364:Arkansas
3062:Portland
2085:Archived
1914:(2002).
1831:July 11,
1806:July 11,
1781:July 11,
1713:March 4,
1658:March 4,
1605:July 27,
1533:July 27,
1441:April 3,
1388:July 26,
1134:reliable
1001:epilepsy
997:lobotomy
706:criminal
504:Founding
392:79003101
301:Location
74:Location
3691:Related
3594:Wyoming
3569:Vermont
3474:Montana
3414:Indiana
3394:Georgia
3389:Florida
3359:Arizona
3349:Alabama
3241:Lahaina
3226:Seattle
3208:Detroit
3170:Paducah
3152:Memphis
2765:Midwest
2499:Defunct
2315:at the
2313:Listing
1756:May 20,
1298:July 2,
1161:Bonanza
1062:Potomac
702:civilly
625:led to
617:Decline
609:, as a
448:nursing
149:Website
123:History
92:Funding
3758:Portal
3529:Oregon
3484:Nevada
3424:Kansas
3399:Hawaii
3354:Alaska
3290:Topics
3119:Mobile
2575:People
2027:. 2016
1752:. 2015
1010:, the
937:; and
900:, who
896:, and
675:C-SPAN
136:Opened
81:, U.S.
3661:Palau
3559:Texas
3439:Maine
3404:Idaho
2886:South
1746:(PDF)
1677:(PDF)
1652:(PDF)
1432:(PDF)
1317:(PDF)
722:Civil
427:is a
358:Built
161:Lists
144:Links
3615:Guam
3564:Utah
3519:Ohio
3419:Iowa
2353:IMDb
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2152:2007
2093:2020
2033:2018
2011:2016
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1949:2012
1923:2013
1895:2011
1869:2007
1833:2018
1808:2018
1783:2018
1758:2019
1715:2009
1685:2012
1660:2009
1635:2007
1607:2017
1581:2007
1535:2017
1473:2012
1443:2014
1390:2019
1365:2014
1300:2008
1243:2007
1187:and
1170:PTSD
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1064:and
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