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40:
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William
Dougherty wrote: "Wherever one stands on the ethics of appropriation, itâs undeniable that Crumb, by incorporating in his work sounds from other cultures, succeeded in finding a timbrally rich sound world unlike any of his contemporaries." Of his legacy, Michael Schell said "on the morning of
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titled, "Music: Does It Have a Future?" In it, he codified his worldview of unified culture and music, arguing that, "the total musical culture of Planet Earth is âcoming together,â as it were. An
American or European composer, for example, now has access to the music of various Asian, African, and
468:
in 1958. It was here that he met the pianist David Burge, who asked Crumb to compose a piece for him. While creating this, Crumb woke up in a cold sweat one night, realising that thus far he had simply been rewriting the works of other composers. From here on he began experimenting with new,
416:, teaching clarinet privately and at the Mason College, and working as both a music copyist and arranger. George, Jr. began to compose at an early age and had two of his orchestral works performed by the Charleston Symphony Orchestra while he was still in his teens. In 1947 he studied at the
796:
his death Crumb was arguably the most important living composer of piano music, and the last giant in a distinctively
American line of innovative percussion writers.". Mark Swed said "Crumb may not have been well known outside of new-music circles, but he mattered beyond those perimeters."
646:
for solo piano contain 12 pieces, each bearing a dedication (a friend's initials, however he also wittily dedicates a piece to himself) at the end. On several occasions, the pianist is required to sing, shout, whistle, whisper, and moan, as well as play the instrument unconventionally.
788:
South
American cultures. This awareness of music in its largest senseâas a worldwide phenomenonâwill inevitably have enormous consequences for the music of the future.â Of this worldview, which Crumb noted he still followed 37 years later in a 2017 interview for
683:) completed in 2010. Typically these settings preserve the familiar tunes more-or-less intact, but the accompaniments for amplified piano and percussionists use a very wide range of musical techniques and exotic sounds. As of 2017,
758:, something he considered as important as rhythm, harmony, and counterpoint. He often asks for instruments to be played in unusual ways and several of his pieces, although written for standard chamber music ensembles, such as
359:"distinguished by astonishing clarity, precision and elegance, and by arresting graphic symbols in which staves are bent into arches, circles and other pictorial devices." Among his students were the composers
3994:
494:(1970), Crumb employed theatrical ritual, using evocative masks, costumes, and sonorities. In other pieces he asks players to leave and enter the stage during the piece, and has also used unusual layouts of
549:
and to bow small goblets as well as to play their instruments in both conventional and unconventional ways. It is one of Crumb's best known pieces, and has been recorded by several groups, including the
191:, developing a highly personal musical language which "range in mood from peaceful to nightmarish". Crumb's compositions are known for pushing the limits of technical prowess by way of frequent use of
3999:
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In this period, Crumb shared with a number of other young composers regarded as being under the umbrella of "new accessibility" a desire to reach out to alienated audiences. In works like
3652:
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545:, using spoken word, bowed water glasses and electronics. It also explores a wide range of timbres, such as an electric string quartet, with its players required to play various
1714:
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487:. Although his music from this period exhibits some novel features, it owes more to traditional techniques than to the more experimental areas of the avant-garde.
224:
146:
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said of Crumb's music: "The ingredients in Crumbâs collages were chosen not as representatives of styles but as expressive symbols of timeless content."
774:(mixed ensemble), call for electronic amplification. Crumb defines music as "a system of proportions in the service of spiritual impulse." Musicologist
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675:, and popular tunes: Crumb originally planned to produce four such volumes, but in fact he continued to produce additional sets after the fourth (
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823:(1976). Directed and produced by Robert Mugge. Interviewed by Richard Wernick. New York, New York: Rhapsody Films (released 1988).
3984:
3934:
3924:
3899:
3874:
3040:
1767:; Richard W. Bass, âThe Case of the Silent G: Pitch Structure and Proportions in the Theme of George Crumbâs Gnomic Variationsâ, in
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From the 1960s on, Crumb's music filled a niche for sophisticatedâthough still conservativeâconcertgoers. His music fell between
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During the 1980s and 1990s, Crumb's musical output was less prolific. Beginning in 2000 Crumb wrote a number of works subtitled
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on 24 October 1929 to a musical family and he grew up playing chamber music with them. Both of Crumb's parents played in the
3021:
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1195:(1970), for mezzo-soprano, boy soprano, oboe, mandolin, harp, amplified piano (and toy piano), and percussion (three players)
3909:
1771:, edited by Steven Bruns and Ofer Ben-Amots, general editor Michael D. Grace, 157â70 (Colorado College Music Press, 2005).
420:
in
Interlochen, Michigan. He majored in music at the Mason College of Music and Fine Arts (subsequently subsumed into the
2347:
1181:(1968), for baritone, electric guitar, electric double bass, amplified piano/electric harpsichord, and two percussionists
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3641:
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907:(1977, revised 1979), for soprano, antiphonal children's voices, male speaking choir, bell ringers, and large orchestra
1901:
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1889:
465:
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1458:
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393:
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417:
1973:"I determined to leave the beautiful melodies intact": quote from the composer in the note to CD set BRIDGE 9218
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2419:
1877:
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is also a composer and, since 1997, assistant professor at the
University of Oregon. George Crumb's daughter,
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336:, whose poetry Crumb set eleven times. Elements of theatricality appear in numerous compositions, inspiring
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composers in particular would stay throughout his life. He was especially influenced by composers such as
3674:
3337:
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1757:
The Future of Modern Music: A Philosophical
Exploration of Modernist Music in the 20th Century and Beyond
2597:
Bass, Richard (Spring 1991). "Sets, Scales and
Symmetrics: The Pitch-Structural Basis of George Crumb's
1001:) (1976), for violin, cello, piano, percussion (one player), and off-stage glass harmonica (two players)
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3099:
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389:
71:
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695:
575:, published in four books. The first two books (1972, 1973), for solo piano, make extensive use of
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269:
214:
141:
2770:"Appreciation: How George Crumb became one of America's most surprisingly consequential composers"
2160:"Appreciation: How George Crumb became one of America's most surprisingly consequential composers"
2016:
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441:
296:
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102:
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1930:
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atmosphere which portray emotions of considerable intensity with vast and sometimes haunting
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1490:
803:. Recordings of Crumb's music have appeared on many labels, including several LPs issued by
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totalled 65 movements, 62 texts, 150 percussion instruments, more than five hours of music.
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537:
337:
233:
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1258:, Book IV (1969), for soprano, flute/alto flute/piccolo, harp, double bass, and percussion
8:
3446:
3408:
2803:
2402:
1413:
734:
502:. In several pieces, the music is symbolically laid out in a circular or spiral fashion.
460:
He earned his living primarily from teaching. His first teaching job was at a college in
90:
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408:. The elder Crumb was a multifaceted musician, with activities that included conducting
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829:(2009). Directed by David Starobin. Interviews with the composer and performances of
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1032:(1994), for guitar, soprano saxophone, harp, double bass, and percussion (two players)
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1201:(1971) for soprano, bass flute/soprano recorder, sitar, and percussion (two players)
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Crumb's most ambitious work, and among his more famous, is the 24-piece collection
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200:
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2733:"George Crumb | Biography, Composer, Black Angels, Makrokosmos, & Facts"
2553:
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Crumb retired from teaching in 1995, though in early 2002 he was appointed with
3637:
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2242:
2191:
1715:"George Crumb, an influential and deeply American composer, has died at age 92"
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372:
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3531:
3519:
3489:
3484:
3177:
3172:
3147:
3089:
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2632:
Fowler, Charles B. (April 1967). "American
Composer Sketches: George Crumb".
2522:
2110:
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specifies that in places, amplification should reach 'the threshold of pain'.
1652:
530:
529:. Many of his vocal works were written for the virtuoso mezzo-soprano singer
228:
1991:
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groups. To convey his unorthodox and complex musical style, Crumb's musical
179:(24 October 1929 â 6 February 2022) was an American composer of avant-garde
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3494:
3418:
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3317:
3284:
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3124:
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1225:(2005/13), for mezzo-soprano, amplified piano, and percussion (two players)
1187:(1969), for alto, alto flute/piccolo, banjo, electric cello, and percussion
971:
790:
751:
576:
554:, whose formation was inspired when violinist David Harrington first heard
253:
3695:
2348:
A Performer's Guide to George Crumb's
Makrokosmos IV (Celestial Mechanics)
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1175:(1963, revised 1976), for soprano, piano/celeste, and two percussionists
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3226:
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2849:
2647:
2118:
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1246:, Book II (1965), for soprano, flute/alto flute/piccolo, and percussion
903:
672:
636:
is another composer Crumb acknowledged as an influence here: Debussy's
514:
352:
219:
204:
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2624:
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comprise two books of 12 character pieces. Crumb's first two books of
3312:
3259:
3079:
2765:
2017:"Acclaimed composers take part in New Music Ensemble concerts at ASU"
1643:
1492:"George Crumb, Eclectic Composer Who Searched for Sounds, Dies at 92"
1397:
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522:
483:, which was perceived as outmoded, and the more radical music of the
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1024:
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was written in 1970, and published in 1971, in protest against the
461:
397:
329:
313:
4000:
University of Michigan School of Music, Theatre & Dance alumni
1219:(1986), for soprano, flute/piccolo/alto flute/bass flute, and harp
3995:
University of Illinois at UrbanaâChampaign School of Music alumni
2844:
979:) (1971), for electric flute, electric cello, and amplified piano
733:, Crumb returned to settings of Lorca. Crumb died in his home in
455:
281:
2431:
Margaret Brouwer, Composer / 1999 Cleveland Arts Prize for Music
1358:
Crumb was the recipient of a number of awards, including a 1968
991:) (1974), for two amplified pianos and percussion (two players).
444:
in Berlin before returning to the United States to study at the
231:
or solo instrumentalists. Among his best known compositions are
2880:
1517:
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755:
449:
429:
309:
277:
196:
39:
401:
2835:
1946:
1599:
1017:) (1986), for amplified flute and percussion (three players).
579:
techniques and require amplification, as dynamics range from
464:, before he became professor of piano and composition at the
405:
1587:
1575:
1539:
1527:
1512:
2045:
1309:(2010), for soprano, baritone, percussion quartet and piano
1303:(2008), for soprano, baritone, percussion quartet and piano
1297:(2007), for soprano, baritone, percussion quartet and piano
850:
Crumb's works were published by Edition Peters, including:
668:
667:. Each of these works is a set of arrangements of American
321:
305:
261:, for electric flute, electric cello, and amplified piano.
2875:
Composer George Crumb / A Conversation with Bruce Duffie
1902:"Makrokosmos II, for amplified piano | Details | AllMusic"
1769:
George Crumb and the Alchemy of Sound: Essays on His Music
1301:
American Songbook VI: Voices from the Morning of the Earth
726:(2001). She died at her parents' home on 31 October 2019.
476:, becoming Annenberg Professor of the Humanities in 1983.
1718:
1616:
1614:
1240:, Book I (1965), for soprano, vibraphone, and double bass
165:
3589:
1759:, third edition (Livonia, MI: Iconic Press, 2008): 325.
1370:
Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Classical Composition
811:
has issued a series of CDs, the Complete Crumb Edition.
225:
Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Classical Composition
383:
1611:
679:) was written, with the seventh volume of the series (
505:
Several of Crumb's works, including the four books of
294:(1972â1979) in response to BartĂłk's earlier piano set
3781:
2573:
New Voices: American Composers Talk about Their Music
1671:
1669:
955:) (1966), for violin, alto flute, clarinet, and piano
3062:
1252:, Book III (1969), for soprano, harp, and percussion
1169:
A Cycle of Greek Lyrics (1950?), for voice and piano
264:
Born to a musical family, Crumb was acquainted with
3970:
Members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters
1048:(2019, revised 2020), for percussion (four players)
841:. Released on DVD by Bridge Records (BRIDGE 9312).
729:In his later compositions, which have the subtitle
456:
Teaching and early works (1960s â early 1970s)
227:; however, his output consists of mostly music for
2687:
2655:Steinitz, Richard (October 1978). "George Crumb".
1666:
1563:
1551:
1334:Spanish Songbook III: The Yellow Moon of Andalusia
1295:American Songbook V: Voices from a Forgotten World
1291:(2004), for soprano, percussion quartet and piano
1285:(2001), for soprano, percussion quartet and piano
1279:(2003), for soprano, percussion quartet and piano
1273:(2003), for soprano, percussion quartet and piano
1160:Four Songs (1945?), for voice, clarinet and piano
3960:International Rostrum of Composers prize-winners
3841:
1803:"As shown in this image of 'Spiral Galaxy' from
1307:American Songbook VII: Voices from the Heartland
926:Three Pastoral Pieces (1952), for oboe and piano
538:Black Angels (Thirteen Images from the Darkland)
2182:
2180:
754:, Crumb became interested in exploring unusual
396:(CSO); his father George Henry Crumb Sr. was a
183:. Early in his life he rejected the widespread
714:, was an actress and singer. She recorded his
3653:Quartet No. 3 for strings and electronic tape
3575:
3048:
2896:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1336:(2012), for mezzo-soprano and amplified piano
1166:Three Early Songs (1947), for voice and piano
472:In 1965 he began a long association with the
2177:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1330:(2009), for female voice and amplified piano
2571:Smith, Geoff; Smith, Nicola Walker (1995).
1457:of Crumb's early life has since become the
1324:(2008), for baritone, guitar and percussion
1277:American Songbook II: A Journey Beyond Time
3582:
3568:
3055:
3041:
2903:
2889:
2731:
2708:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.A2249252
2570:
2359:
2293:"George Crumb: Bad Dog! (DVD) BRIDGE 9312"
1838:
1792:12, no. 3 (Summer): 77â87. Citation on 84.
1488:
1322:Spanish Songbook I: The Ghosts of Alhambra
1092:) (1979), for amplified piano (four hands)
701:
561:
434:University of Illinois at UrbanaâChampaign
332:is also found in his music, as is text by
38:
3915:American contemporary classical composers
2263:
1989:
1976:
1712:
1681:
1388:Among Crumb's students are the composers
251:(1970) for a mixed chamber ensemble; and
128:
44:Crumb in 2019 attending a performance at
3980:Musicians from Charleston, West Virginia
2685:
2654:
2266:"Complete George Crumb Edition Volume 6"
1952:
1713:Tsioulcas, Anastasia (7 February 2022).
1605:
1593:
1581:
1545:
1533:
1521:
920:Four Pieces (1945), for violin and piano
917:Two Duos (1944?), for flute and clarinet
896:
737:, on 6 February 2022, at the age of 92.
288:; Crumb wrote his four-volume piano set
2981:A Little Suite for Christmas, A.D. 1979
2521:
1620:
1207:(1979), for soprano and amplified piano
1163:Seven Songs (1946), for voice and piano
1097:A Little Suite for Christmas, A.D. 1979
1080:, Volume II (1973), for amplified piano
845:
304:from wide range of composers including
4015:Classical musicians from West Virginia
3965:Members of the Academy of Arts, Berlin
3842:
2631:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2231:
2131:
2125:
2083:, C. F. Peters Corporation, 1986, p.77
1990:Dougherty, William (11 January 2017).
1964:Note by Eric Bruskin to CD BRIDGE 9335
1788:K. Robert Schwarz. 1988. "Classical".
1489:Schweitzer, Vivien (6 February 2022).
1289:American Songbook IV: Winds of Destiny
1271:American Songbook I: The River of Life
1072:, Volume I (1972), for amplified piano
658:
436:in 1952 and then briefly studied as a
151:
3563:
3036:
2884:
2547:
2322:Pytheas Center for Contemporary Music
2092:
1675:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1569:
1557:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1283:American Songbook III: Unto the Hills
967:) (1970), for electric string quartet
821:George Crumb: The Voice of the Whale
268:at an early age and his affinity for
237:(1970), a striking commentary on the
3890:21st-century American male musicians
3865:20th-century American male musicians
2764:
2596:
2157:
2151:
1353:
1262:
1217:Federico's Little Songs for Children
1179:Songs, Drones, and Refrains of Death
827:Bad Dog!: A Portrait of George Crumb
799:Crumb's works were published by the
750:After initially being influenced by
384:Upbringing and education (1929â1959)
207:. His few large-scale works include
3168:The Lilly Brothers & Don Stover
2398:"MacDowell Medal winners 1960â2011"
2335:
2081:George Crumb: Profile of a Composer
1383:
1328:Spanish Songbook II: Sun and Shadow
1313:
1042:) (1998), for guitar and percussion
722:(1999), and had also performed his
620:, the six books of piano pieces by
388:George Henry Crumb Jr. was born in
257:(1971), a musical evocation of the
13:
4005:University of Pennsylvania faculty
2758:
1626:
1475:
1122:) (1988), for two amplified pianos
781:In 1980, Crumb wrote an essay for
378:
14:
4026:
3920:American male classical composers
2783:
2591:Journal and encyclopedia articles
1376:. In 1995, Crumb was awarded the
525:(1970), are settings of texts by
300:. His compositions often contain
3985:Pulitzer Prize for Music winners
3935:Arizona State University faculty
3925:American male classical pianists
3900:21st-century classical composers
3875:20th-century classical composers
3827:
3815:
3803:
3791:
3694:
3064:West Virginia Music Hall of Fame
3017:
3016:
2910:
2550:George Crumb: A Bio-Bibliography
1927:"Geoge Crumb: Makrokosmos I-III"
1868:Elektra Nonesuch CD 7559-79242-2
1459:West Virginia Symphony Orchestra
1349:(1948), for unaccompanied chorus
911:
720:George Crumb 70th Birthday Album
3905:21st-century classical pianists
3885:21st-century American composers
3880:20th-century classical pianists
3860:20th-century American composers
3550:(1943-2008): Hammond B-3 player
2492:
2479:
2460:
2448:
2436:
2424:
2410:
2390:
2368:
2310:
2285:
2257:
2205:
2095:"Music: Does It Have a Future?"
2086:
2073:
2060:
2034:
2009:
1967:
1958:
1937:
1919:
1894:
1871:
1862:
1847:
1795:
1782:
1749:
1732:
1447:
655:, who later recorded the work.
509:he wrote in the late 1960s and
3895:21st-century American pianists
3870:20th-century American pianists
2815:George Crumb papers, 1956â2011
2420:Milken Archive of Jewish Music
2350:University of North Texas 2008
2264:Dickinson, Peter (July 2003).
2158:Swed, Mark (8 February 2022).
2132:Schell, Michael (6 May 2024).
2079:Gillespie, Donald, ed. (1986)
1882:The Oxford Dictionary of Music
945:) (1964), for violin and piano
814:
595:(1974), is for two pianos and
1:
2743:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica, Inc.
1455:Charleston Symphony Orchestra
1435:
1213:(1984), for soprano and piano
949:Eleven Echoes of Autumn, 1965
853:
807:in the 1970s. More recently,
394:Charleston Symphony Orchestra
48:in honor of his 90th birthday
16:American composer (1929â2022)
3665:Echoes of Time and the River
2933:Echoes of Time and the River
2827:How to use archival material
2725:UK public library membership
2134:"George Crumb in Retrospect"
1468:
1365:Echoes of Time and the River
1229:
1126:Eine Kleine Mitternachtmusik
1011:An Idyll for the Misbegotten
879:Echoes of Time and the River
839:Eine Kleine Mitternachtmusik
210:Echoes of Time and the River
181:contemporary classical music
7:
3910:American classical pianists
2575:. Portland: Amadeus Press.
2531:University Press of America
2376:"2000 Grammy Award Winners"
1943:Book 1: Nonesuch LP H-71293
1859:, retrieved 7 February 2022
874:(1959), for large orchestra
862:(1947), for small orchestra
745:
698:. He continued to compose.
591:. The third book, known as
448:, from which he received a
223:(1977), which won the 2001
213:(1967), which won the 1968
19:For the American chef, see
10:
4031:
3512:Seminal bluegrass pioneers
3270:Diamond Teeth Mary McClain
2941:Ancient Voices of Children
2686:Steinitz, Richard (2013).
2510:
2066:For example, the score of
2021:herbergerinstitute.asu.edu
1192:Ancient Voices of Children
1061:Prelude and Toccata (1951)
984:Music for a Summer Evening
771:Ancient Voices of Children
593:Music for a Summer Evening
517:for two singers and small
511:Ancient Voices of Children
492:Ancient Voices of Children
474:University of Pennsylvania
248:Ancient Voices of Children
18:
3990:Pupils of Ross Lee Finney
3703:
3692:
3598:
3475:
3437:
3394:
3351:
3298:
3250:
3196:
3133:
3070:
3012:
2991:
2918:
2809:
2799:
2318:"George Crumb at Pytheas"
1340:
681:Voices from the Heartland
428:in 1950. He obtained his
424:), where he received his
400:while his mother Vivian (
390:Charleston, West Virginia
160:
134:
122:
108:
98:
79:
72:Charleston, West Virginia
53:
37:
30:
3975:Music & Arts artists
3930:American music educators
3642:Variations for Orchestra
3591:Pulitzer Prize for Music
3280:Walter E. "Jack" Rollins
2864:11 December 2008 at the
2527:Three American Composers
2239:"Complete Crumb Edition"
1440:
1362:for his orchestral work
1360:Pulitzer Prize for Music
1154:
1052:
740:
696:Arizona State University
694:to a joint residency at
469:avant-garde techniques.
422:University of Charleston
215:Pulitzer Prize for Music
142:Pulitzer Prize for Music
3945:Centaur Records artists
2738:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
2700:Oxford University Press
2635:Music Educators Journal
2502:Eastman School of Music
2472:9 February 2022 at the
2188:"Works by George Crumb"
1857:Eastman School of Music
1639:"George Crumb obituary"
1185:Night of the Four Moons
1136:Otherworldly Resonances
1130:A Little Midnight Music
702:Personal life and death
3950:Composers for carillon
3505:Lonesome Pine Fiddlers
3386:Vann "Piano Man" Walls
2599:Makrokosmos I & II
2433:clevelandartsprize.org
2093:Crumb, George (1980).
1378:Edward MacDowell Medal
1138:(2003), for two pianos
897:Vocal with orchestral
624:. Like BartĂłk's work,
547:percussion instruments
466:University of Colorado
446:University of Michigan
177:George Henry Crumb Jr.
103:University of Michigan
58:George Henry Crumb Jr.
3940:Avant-garde composers
2926:Sonata for Solo Cello
2665:(1628): 844â845+847.
2604:Music Theory Spectrum
2548:Cohen, David (2002).
936:Sonata for Solo Cello
932:String Quartet (1954)
632:. Apart from BartĂłk,
628:is a series of short
527:Federico GarcĂa Lorca
519:instrumental ensemble
334:Federico GarcĂa Lorca
324:pianist and composer
3955:Grammy Award winners
3675:String Quartet No. 3
3338:Ada "Bricktop" Smith
3095:Little Jimmy Dickens
2499:Ricardo Zohn-Muldoon
2457:library.hartford.edu
1790:The Wilson Quarterly
1430:Ricardo Zohn-Muldoon
923:Violin Sonata (1949)
846:List of compositions
677:The Winds of Destiny
442:Hochschule fĂŒr Musik
129:List of compositions
3447:Ethel Caffie-Austin
3409:The Morris Brothers
3206:The Bailes Brothers
2804:Library of Congress
2768:(8 February 2022).
2467:Cynthia Cozette Lee
1414:Cynthia Cozette Lee
1085:Celestial Mechanics
1058:Piano Sonata (1945)
929:Viola Sonata (1953)
890:A Haunted Landscape
735:Media, Pennsylvania
659:1988s â early 2000s
601:Celestial Mechanics
599:. The fourth book,
498:in a number of his
418:National Music Camp
199:he employs evoke a
193:extended techniques
91:Media, Pennsylvania
3462:The Hammons Family
3424:Fred "Sonic" Smith
3004:Extended technique
2836:Official home page
2695:Grove Music Online
2488:Swarthmore College
2476:composersforum.org
1813:on 2 February 2014
1498:The New York Times
1064:Five Pieces (1962)
977:Voice of the Whale
342:contemporary dance
302:musical quotations
3779:
3778:
3557:
3556:
3120:Billy Edd Wheeler
3115:Blind Alfred Reed
3030:
3029:
2832:
2831:
2821:
2820:
2775:Los Angeles Times
2723:(subscription or
2717:978-1-56159-263-0
2658:The Musical Times
2582:978-0-931340-85-7
2563:978-0-313-31887-0
2540:978-0-8191-5371-5
2164:Los Angeles Times
2099:The Kenyon Review
1933:. 5 October 2018.
1777:978-0-935052-07-7
1765:978-0-9778195-2-2
1755:James L. McHard,
1422:Christopher Rouse
1354:Awards and honors
1264:American Songbook
1104:Gnomic Variations
1007:(1982), for organ
835:Three Early Songs
784:The Kenyon Review
716:Three Early Songs
685:American Songbook
665:American Songbook
651:was premiered by
426:bachelor's degree
412:for the music of
410:theatre orchestra
369:Christopher Rouse
229:chamber ensembles
174:
173:
4022:
4010:Fulbright alumni
3832:
3831:
3830:
3820:
3819:
3818:
3808:
3807:
3806:
3796:
3795:
3794:
3787:
3698:
3680:Charles Wuorinen
3656:
3584:
3577:
3570:
3561:
3560:
3528:Larry Richardson
3429:Michael W. Smith
3237:Chickie Williams
3222:Hawkshaw Hawkins
3188:Frankie Yankovic
3153:Wilma Lee Cooper
3080:Leon âChuâ Berry
3057:
3050:
3043:
3034:
3033:
3020:
3019:
2905:
2898:
2891:
2882:
2881:
2817:
2797:
2796:
2788:
2787:
2779:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2728:
2721:
2691:
2682:
2651:
2628:
2586:
2567:
2544:
2504:
2496:
2490:
2483:
2477:
2464:
2458:
2452:
2446:
2445:ojaifestival.org
2440:
2434:
2428:
2422:
2414:
2408:
2407:
2406:. 13 April 2011.
2394:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2372:
2366:
2357:
2351:
2344:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2314:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2289:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2261:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2217:Nonesuch Records
2209:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2184:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2155:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2090:
2084:
2077:
2071:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2044:. Archived from
2038:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2013:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2002:
1987:
1974:
1971:
1965:
1962:
1956:
1950:
1944:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1923:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1898:
1892:
1878:Kennedy, Michael
1875:
1869:
1866:
1860:
1851:
1845:
1836:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1809:. Archived from
1799:
1793:
1786:
1780:
1753:
1747:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1710:
1679:
1673:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1635:
1624:
1618:
1609:
1603:
1597:
1591:
1585:
1579:
1573:
1567:
1561:
1555:
1549:
1543:
1537:
1531:
1525:
1519:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1494:
1486:
1462:
1451:
1394:Margaret Brouwer
1384:Notable students
1315:Spanish Songbook
1120:Tableaux Vivants
1046:Kronos - Kryptos
941:Four Nocturnes (
805:Nonesuch Records
776:Richard Taruskin
731:Spanish Songbook
630:character pieces
605:piano four-hands
590:
584:
496:musical notation
438:Fulbright fellow
355:, using special
170:
167:
125:
86:
67:
65:
46:Alice Tully Hall
42:
28:
27:
4030:
4029:
4025:
4024:
4023:
4021:
4020:
4019:
3840:
3839:
3838:
3828:
3826:
3816:
3814:
3804:
3802:
3798:Classical music
3792:
3790:
3782:
3780:
3775:
3699:
3690:
3685:Time's Encomium
3646:
3594:
3588:
3558:
3553:
3524:Curly Ray Cline
3500:Barbara Nissman
3477:
3471:
3457:The Davis Twins
3439:
3433:
3414:Frank Hutchison
3396:
3390:
3353:
3347:
3300:
3294:
3252:
3246:
3198:
3192:
3135:
3129:
3105:Clark Kessinger
3100:Johnnie Johnson
3072:
3066:
3061:
3031:
3026:
3008:
2987:
2914:
2909:
2866:Wayback Machine
2843:discography at
2813:
2786:
2761:
2759:Further reading
2748:
2746:
2745:7 February 2022
2722:
2718:
2689:"Crumb, George"
2583:
2564:
2554:Greenwood Press
2541:
2513:
2508:
2507:
2497:
2493:
2484:
2480:
2474:Wayback Machine
2465:
2461:
2453:
2449:
2441:
2437:
2429:
2425:
2415:
2411:
2396:
2395:
2391:
2381:
2379:
2374:
2373:
2369:
2358:
2354:
2345:
2336:
2326:
2324:
2316:
2315:
2311:
2301:
2299:
2291:
2290:
2286:
2276:
2274:
2262:
2258:
2248:
2246:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2222:
2220:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2196:
2194:
2186:
2185:
2178:
2168:
2166:
2156:
2152:
2142:
2140:
2130:
2126:
2091:
2087:
2078:
2074:
2065:
2061:
2051:
2049:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2025:
2023:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2000:
1998:
1992:"Unified Music"
1988:
1977:
1972:
1968:
1963:
1959:
1951:
1947:
1942:
1938:
1925:
1924:
1920:
1910:
1908:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1876:
1872:
1867:
1863:
1852:
1848:
1837:
1826:
1816:
1814:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1787:
1783:
1754:
1750:
1737:
1733:
1723:
1721:
1711:
1682:
1674:
1667:
1657:
1655:
1637:
1636:
1627:
1619:
1612:
1604:
1600:
1592:
1588:
1580:
1576:
1568:
1564:
1556:
1552:
1544:
1540:
1532:
1528:
1520:
1513:
1503:
1501:
1487:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1465:
1452:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1418:Gerald Levinson
1410:Jennifer Higdon
1406:Osvaldo Golijov
1386:
1356:
1343:
1318:
1267:
1234:
1157:
1055:
989:Makrokosmos III
914:
899:
856:
848:
817:
748:
743:
704:
661:
603:(1979), is for
586:
580:
567:
458:
386:
381:
379:Life and career
365:Jennifer Higdon
361:Osvaldo Golijov
326:Thelonious Monk
266:classical music
164:
156:
123:
118:
99:Alma mater
94:
88:
84:
83:6 February 2022
75:
69:
68:24 October 1929
63:
61:
60:
59:
49:
33:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4028:
4018:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3837:
3836:
3824:
3812:
3800:
3777:
3776:
3774:
3773:
3766:
3759:
3752:
3745:
3738:
3731:
3724:
3717:
3710:
3704:
3701:
3700:
3693:
3691:
3689:
3688:
3677:
3668:
3657:
3644:
3638:Leslie Bassett
3635:
3632:
3629:
3627:Piano Concerto
3620:
3609:
3607:Symphony No. 7
3599:
3596:
3595:
3587:
3586:
3579:
3572:
3564:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3551:
3508:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3481:
3479:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3443:
3441:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3400:
3398:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3376:Buddy Starcher
3373:
3368:
3363:
3357:
3355:
3349:
3348:
3346:
3345:
3343:Eleanor Steber
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3323:Peter Marshall
3320:
3315:
3310:
3304:
3302:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3292:
3290:Tommy Thompson
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3256:
3254:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3208:
3202:
3200:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3163:Robert Drasnin
3160:
3158:Phyllis Curtin
3155:
3150:
3145:
3139:
3137:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3076:
3074:
3068:
3067:
3060:
3059:
3052:
3045:
3037:
3028:
3027:
3025:
3024:
3013:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3006:
3001:
2995:
2993:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2985:
2977:
2969:
2961:
2953:
2945:
2937:
2929:
2922:
2920:
2916:
2915:
2908:
2907:
2900:
2893:
2885:
2879:
2878:
2877:27 August 1988
2872:
2856:
2847:
2838:
2830:
2829:
2823:
2822:
2819:
2818:
2811:
2807:
2806:
2801:
2793:
2792:
2785:
2784:External links
2782:
2781:
2780:
2760:
2757:
2756:
2755:
2729:
2716:
2683:
2671:10.2307/957785
2652:
2629:
2617:10.2307/745971
2593:
2592:
2588:
2587:
2581:
2568:
2562:
2545:
2539:
2523:Borroff, Edith
2518:
2517:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2491:
2478:
2459:
2447:
2435:
2423:
2417:Ofer Ben-Amots
2409:
2389:
2367:
2352:
2346:Hyangmee Kim:
2334:
2309:
2297:Bridge Records
2284:
2256:
2243:Bridge Records
2230:
2213:"George Crumb"
2204:
2192:Edition Peters
2176:
2150:
2124:
2105:(3): 115â122.
2085:
2072:
2059:
2048:on 11 May 2019
2042:"Anncrumb.com"
2033:
2008:
1975:
1966:
1957:
1945:
1936:
1918:
1893:
1884:, 985 pages,
1870:
1861:
1846:
1824:
1794:
1781:
1748:
1742:in Gillespie,
1731:
1680:
1665:
1625:
1623:, p. 192.
1610:
1598:
1586:
1574:
1562:
1550:
1538:
1526:
1511:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1445:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1426:Melinda Wagner
1390:Ofer Ben-Amots
1385:
1382:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1350:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1337:
1331:
1325:
1317:
1312:
1311:
1310:
1304:
1298:
1292:
1286:
1280:
1274:
1266:
1261:
1260:
1259:
1253:
1247:
1241:
1233:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1220:
1214:
1208:
1202:
1196:
1188:
1182:
1176:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1151:
1150:Book II (2019)
1148:Metamorphoses,
1145:
1142:Metamorphoses,
1139:
1133:
1123:
1113:
1107:
1101:
1093:
1090:Makrokosmos IV
1081:
1073:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1049:
1043:
1033:
1027:
1021:Easter Dawning
1018:
1008:
1005:Pastoral Drone
1002:
995:Dream Sequence
992:
980:
968:
956:
946:
943:Night Music II
939:
933:
930:
927:
924:
921:
918:
913:
910:
909:
908:
898:
895:
894:
893:
887:
875:
869:
863:
855:
852:
847:
844:
843:
842:
824:
816:
813:
809:Bridge Records
801:Edition Peters
766:string quartet
747:
744:
742:
739:
724:Unto the Hills
703:
700:
660:
657:
634:Claude Debussy
566:
560:
552:Kronos Quartet
457:
454:
385:
382:
380:
377:
373:Melinda Wagner
338:choreographies
259:humpback whale
243:string quartet
195:. The unusual
172:
171:
162:
158:
157:
155:
154:
149:
144:
138:
136:
132:
131:
126:
120:
119:
117:
116:
112:
110:
106:
105:
100:
96:
95:
89:
87:(aged 92)
81:
77:
76:
70:
57:
55:
51:
50:
43:
35:
34:
31:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4027:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3835:
3825:
3823:
3813:
3811:
3810:United States
3801:
3799:
3789:
3788:
3785:
3771:
3767:
3764:
3760:
3757:
3753:
3750:
3746:
3743:
3739:
3736:
3732:
3729:
3725:
3722:
3718:
3715:
3711:
3709:
3708:Complete list
3706:
3705:
3702:
3697:
3687:
3686:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3666:
3661:
3658:
3655:
3654:
3649:
3648:Leon Kirchner
3645:
3643:
3639:
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3630:
3628:
3624:
3623:Samuel Barber
3621:
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3603:Walter Piston
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3548:Winston Walls
3545:
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3536:Paul Williams
3533:
3532:Bobby Osborne
3529:
3525:
3521:
3520:Charlie Cline
3517:
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3498:
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3490:Fuzzy Haskins
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3485:Buddy Griffin
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3178:Maceo Pinkard
3176:
3174:
3173:Charlie McCoy
3171:
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3148:Stoney Cooper
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3090:Hazel Dickens
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2869:Naxos Records
2867:
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2403:The Telegraph
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2244:
2240:
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2139:
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2112:
2108:
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2100:
2096:
2089:
2082:
2076:
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2063:
2047:
2043:
2037:
2022:
2018:
2012:
1997:
1993:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1970:
1961:
1954:
1953:Steinitz 2013
1949:
1940:
1932:
1928:
1922:
1907:
1903:
1897:
1891:
1890:0-19-861459-4
1887:
1883:
1879:
1874:
1865:
1858:
1855:
1854:Jan DeGaetani
1850:
1843:
1841:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1812:
1808:
1806:
1805:Makrokosmos 1
1798:
1791:
1785:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1752:
1745:
1741:
1738:Cope, David,
1735:
1720:
1716:
1709:
1707:
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1654:
1650:
1646:
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1640:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1622:
1617:
1615:
1608:, § para. 11.
1607:
1606:Steinitz 2013
1602:
1595:
1594:Steinitz 2013
1590:
1583:
1582:Steinitz 2013
1578:
1572:, p. 23.
1571:
1566:
1560:, p. 14.
1559:
1554:
1547:
1546:Steinitz 2013
1542:
1535:
1534:Steinitz 2013
1530:
1523:
1522:Steinitz 2013
1518:
1516:
1500:
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1493:
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1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1372:for his work
1371:
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1345:
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1177:
1174:
1173:Night Music I
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1149:
1146:
1144:Book I (2017)
1143:
1140:
1137:
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1127:
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1117:
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1057:
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1047:
1044:
1041:
1040:A Dog's World
1037:
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1022:
1019:
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947:
944:
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934:
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928:
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922:
919:
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912:Chamber music
906:
905:
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861:
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559:
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539:
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531:Jan DeGaetani
528:
524:
521:âincluding a
520:
516:
512:
508:
503:
501:
497:
493:
488:
486:
482:
481:neoclassicism
477:
475:
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376:
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343:
339:
335:
331:
328:. The use of
327:
323:
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303:
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298:
293:
292:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
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249:
244:
241:for electric
240:
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92:
82:
78:
73:
56:
52:
47:
41:
36:
29:
26:
22:
3683:
3663:
3660:George Crumb
3659:
3651:
3617:The Crucible
3615:
3540:Jimmy Martin
3511:
3495:Calvin Simon
3419:Ann Magnuson
3404:Hasil Adkins
3381:Bob Thompson
3361:John Ellison
3318:Claude Jeter
3308:Melvin Goins
3285:Connie Smith
3265:Kathy Mattea
3242:Doc Williams
3217:Frank De Vol
3125:Bill Withers
3085:George Crumb
3084:
2979:
2971:
2963:
2957:Vox Balaenae
2955:
2949:Black Angels
2947:
2939:
2931:
2912:George Crumb
2911:
2859:George Crumb
2850:George Crumb
2841:George Crumb
2773:
2747:. Retrieved
2736:
2693:
2662:
2656:
2642:(8): 61â63.
2639:
2633:
2608:
2602:
2598:
2572:
2552:. Westport:
2549:
2526:
2494:
2481:
2462:
2450:
2438:
2426:
2412:
2401:
2392:
2380:. Retrieved
2378:. Grammy.com
2370:
2365:, § para. 1.
2360:
2355:
2325:. Retrieved
2321:
2312:
2300:. Retrieved
2296:
2287:
2275:. Retrieved
2269:
2259:
2247:. Retrieved
2233:
2221:. Retrieved
2207:
2195:. Retrieved
2167:. Retrieved
2163:
2153:
2141:. Retrieved
2137:
2127:
2102:
2098:
2088:
2080:
2075:
2068:Black Angels
2067:
2062:
2050:. Retrieved
2046:the original
2036:
2024:. Retrieved
2020:
2011:
1999:. Retrieved
1996:VAN Magazine
1995:
1969:
1960:
1955:, § para. 9.
1948:
1939:
1921:
1909:. Retrieved
1905:
1896:
1881:
1873:
1864:
1849:
1844:, § para. 2.
1839:
1815:. Retrieved
1811:the original
1804:
1797:
1789:
1784:
1768:
1756:
1751:
1743:
1739:
1734:
1722:. Retrieved
1678:, p. 1.
1656:. Retrieved
1642:
1621:Borroff 1986
1601:
1596:, § para. 7.
1589:
1584:, § para. 6.
1577:
1565:
1553:
1548:, § para. 5.
1541:
1536:, § para. 1.
1529:
1524:, § para. 4.
1502:. Retrieved
1496:
1449:
1387:
1373:
1363:
1357:
1346:
1333:
1327:
1321:
1314:
1306:
1300:
1294:
1288:
1282:
1276:
1270:
1263:
1255:
1249:
1243:
1237:
1230:
1222:
1216:
1210:
1204:
1198:
1190:
1184:
1178:
1172:
1147:
1141:
1135:
1129:
1125:
1119:
1115:
1110:Processional
1109:
1103:
1095:
1089:
1083:
1075:
1067:
1045:
1039:
1036:Mundus Canis
1035:
1029:
1023:(1991), for
1020:
1014:
1010:
1004:
998:
994:
988:
982:
976:
972:Vox Balaenae
970:
964:
960:Black Angels
958:
952:
948:
942:
902:
889:
883:
877:
871:
865:
859:
849:
838:
834:
830:
826:
820:
798:
791:VAN Magazine
789:
782:
780:
769:
761:Black Angels
759:
752:Anton Webern
749:
730:
728:
723:
719:
715:
706:Crumb's son
705:
689:
684:
680:
676:
664:
662:
648:
643:
637:
625:
615:
611:
609:
600:
592:
587:
581:
577:string piano
570:
568:
562:
556:Black Angels
555:
536:
535:
510:
504:
491:
489:
478:
471:
459:
404:Reed) was a
387:
295:
289:
263:
254:Vox Balaenae
252:
246:
234:Black Angels
232:
218:
208:
176:
175:
147:Grammy Award
124:Notable work
85:(2022-02-06)
32:George Crumb
25:
3855:2022 deaths
3850:1929 births
3612:Robert Ward
3593:(1961â1970)
3467:Mayf Nutter
3452:Larry Groce
3333:Tim O'Brien
3275:Butch Miles
3211:Larry Combs
3110:Molly O'Day
2999:Avant-garde
2968:(1972â1979)
2965:Makrokosmos
2791:Archives at
2741:. Chicago:
2611:(1): 1â20.
2455:Robert Carl
2327:10 February
2052:24 December
1402:Robert Carl
1368:and a 2001
1211:The Sleeper
1199:Lux Aeterna
1077:Makrokosmos
1069:Makrokosmos
815:Filmography
718:for the CD
692:David Burge
653:David Burge
649:Makrokosmos
644:Makrokosmos
626:Makrokosmos
622:BĂ©la BartĂłk
617:Mikrokosmos
614:alludes to
612:Makrokosmos
572:Makrokosmos
565:(1972â1979)
563:Makrokosmos
543:Vietnam War
485:avant garde
414:silent film
398:clarinetist
353:manuscripts
297:Mikrokosmos
291:Makrokosmos
239:Vietnam War
205:soundscapes
166:georgecrumb
21:George Crum
3844:Categories
3671:Karel Husa
3634:n.a. ('65)
3631:n.a. ('64)
3544:Ray Morgan
3516:Ezra Cline
3371:Russ Hicks
3328:Wayne Moss
3227:Don Redman
3183:Red Sovine
2973:Star-Child
2766:Swed, Mark
2698:. Oxford:
2529:. Lanham:
2382:4 December
2361:Britannica
2302:9 February
2277:8 February
2271:Gramophone
2249:8 February
2223:8 February
2197:8 February
2138:Sequenza21
2026:27 January
2001:7 February
1840:Britannica
1817:22 January
1724:8 February
1676:Cohen 2002
1570:Cohen 2002
1558:Cohen 2002
1504:7 February
1436:References
1374:Star-Child
1223:Yesteryear
1205:Apparition
1015:Images III
904:Star-Child
872:Variazioni
860:Gethsemane
854:Orchestral
831:Apparition
673:spirituals
610:The title
597:percussion
515:song cycle
320:, and the
220:Star-Child
201:surrealist
109:Occupation
64:1929-10-24
3822:Biography
3770:Citations
3763:2011â2020
3756:2001â2010
3749:1991â2000
3742:1981â1990
3735:1971â1980
3728:1961â1970
3721:1951â1960
3714:1943â1950
3313:Ray Goins
3260:Billy Cox
3232:Nat Reese
3143:Ann Baker
2727:required)
2443:Uri Caine
2111:0163-075X
1740:Biography
1653:0140-0460
1644:The Times
1469:Citations
1398:Uri Caine
1256:Madrigals
1250:Madrigals
1244:Madrigals
1238:Madrigals
1231:Madrigals
1116:Zeitgeist
999:Images II
884:Echoes II
523:toy piano
507:madrigals
452:in 1959.
350:facsimile
270:Classical
189:serialism
187:usage of
185:modernist
152:Full list
3366:Ed Haley
3022:Category
2862:Archived
2800:Location
2525:(1986).
2470:Archived
1911:12 March
1906:AllMusic
1880:(2006),
1347:Alleluja
1132:) (2001)
1025:carillon
965:Images I
953:Echoes I
886:) (1967)
746:Overview
639:Préludes
462:Virginia
357:notation
330:pastiche
314:Schubert
274:Romantic
115:Composer
3784:Portals
3682:('70):
3673:('69):
3662:('68):
3650:('67):
3640:('66):
3625:('63):
3614:('62):
3605:('61):
3478:of 2023
3440:of 2020
3397:of 2018
3354:of 2015
3301:of 2013
3253:of 2011
3199:of 2009
3136:of 2008
3073:of 2007
2992:Related
2845:Discogs
2648:3390985
2511:Sources
2119:4335131
1744:op.cit.
1658:6 April
866:Diptych
756:timbres
440:at the
432:at the
406:cellist
318:Strauss
282:Debussy
197:timbres
161:Website
2984:(1980)
2976:(1977)
2960:(1971)
2952:(1970)
2944:(1970)
2936:(1967)
2928:(1955)
2810:Source
2749:18 May
2714:
2679:957785
2677:
2646:
2625:745971
2623:
2579:
2560:
2537:
2245:. 2022
2219:. 2022
2117:
2109:
1931:Kairos
1888:
1775:
1763:
1746:, p.15
1651:
1341:Choral
1112:(1983)
1106:(1981)
1100:(1980)
938:(1955)
892:(1984)
868:(1955)
500:scores
450:D.M.A.
430:M.Mus.
346:scores
310:Chopin
286:BartĂłk
278:Mahler
217:, and
135:Awards
93:, U.S.
74:, U.S.
3834:Music
3476:Class
3438:Class
3395:Class
3352:Class
3299:Class
3251:Class
3197:Class
3134:Class
3071:Class
2919:Music
2675:JSTOR
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