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after her husband's death. Pearl now had a family of four to support by herself and her financial situation so bleak that Herman Behr, a devoted friend, sent money to Curran and announced that he would continue to do so as long as she needed it. Behr provided Curran with an income of $ 400 a month for a number of years. Curran then entered the lecture circuit to make some money to support her family. A few months later, her mother Mary
Pollard died. The sessions with Patience Worth still continued regularly at Curran's home. Curran's financial situation continued to be bleak. She married two more times, but both marriages were short-lived. In the summer of 1930, Curran left St. Louis for good and moved to California to live with an old friend Alexander Bailey "Dotsie" Smith in the Los Angeles area. Patience was kept busy at the sessions, as always, by requests for her comments on major topics of the day and other issues. She continued to communicate through Pearl until November 25, 1937, when she gave her final communication. Pearl had apparently received a prior communication from Patience that she (Pearl) was going to die as Pearl told Dotsie Smith "Oh Dotsie, Patience has just shown me the end of the road and you will have to carry on as best you can." Even though Pearl had not been in ill health, she developed pneumonia late in November and died on December 3, 1937.
131:---few houses." Curran then visualized Patience leaving for America on a huge wood, three-masted schooner. Patience was described by Curran as "...probably about thirty years. Her hair was dark red, mahogany, her eyes brown, and large and deep, her mouth firm and set, as though repressing strong feelings. Her hair had been disarranged by her cap, and was in big, glossy, soft waves." Curran also saw Patience "sitting on a horse, holding a bundle tied in sail-cloth, tied with thongs and wearing a coarse cloth cape, brown-gray, with hood like a cowl, peaked. The face is in shadow. She is small and her feet are small---with coarse square-toed shoes and gray woolen stockings." After a long voyage the ship arrives at the jagged coast of America, where they could find no landing place for the ship. They launched several flat boats. According to Curran, Patience was standing in the prow of her boat and became one of the first to reach the shore. Patience Worth was later to indicate that she was eventually killed by the Indians.
144:, Henry Holt and Company publicized Curran's claims that she had contacted the long dead Patience Worth. Curran claimed she began to anticipate what the Ouija board was going to spell and by 1919 the pointer would just move aimlessly about the board. Curran described pictorial visions which accompanied Patience's words. She said "I am like a child with a magic picture book. Once I look upon it, all I have to do is to watch its pages open before me, and revel in their beauty and variety and novelty....When the poems come, there also appear before my eyes images of each successive symbol, as the words are given me....When the stories come, the scenes become panoramic, with the characters moving and acting their parts, even speaking in converse. The picture is not confined to the point narrated, but takes in everything else within the circle of vision at the time....If the people talk a foreign language, as in
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private schools. She had received extensive tutoring as well as expensive voice and piano training. She played the piano at a church, which happened to be a spiritualist church headed by her uncle, a medium. As to the purported 17th-century
English that Mrs. Curran used as Patience Worth, English experts testified that it did not belong to any particular historical period but was a mixture of contemporary English, poetic terms, some dialect expressions, including some misused and misunderstood would-be Scottish words, and even some of her own invention. The trigger for the appearance of Patience Worth could have been the death of Mrs. Curran's father just 2 months earlier.
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board. On June 22, 1913 a communication from "Pat-C" began to come through. Then on July 8, 1913 the board seemed to be possessed with unusual strength and supposed communications from
Patience Worth began. "Many moons ago I lived. Again I come. Patience Worth my name. Wait, I would speak with thee. If thou shalt live, then so shall I. I make my bread at thy hearth. Good friends, let us be merrie. The time for work is past. Let the tabby drowse and blink her wisdom to the firelog." When asked when she lived, the dates 1649â94 were given and that her home was "Across the sea".
260:. It provided a biographical sketch of Pearl Curran, eye-witness reports, opinions and reviews, poetry of Patience and Mrs. Curran, and much other information related to the case. Prince concluded his investigation by stating, "Either our concept of what we call the subconscious must be radically altered, so as to include potencies of which we hitherto have had no knowledge, or else some cause operating through but not originating in the subconsciousness of Mrs. Curran must be acknowledged."
580:"Worth was a seventeenth-century English ghost, but according to linguist Professor Shelling, she spoke a mixture of pidgin Shakespeare and, strangely, the contemporary St Louis dialect spoken by Curran. Some believe that Curran suffered from dissociation identity disorder, and that Patience Worth was another personality of Curran's. Others think that Curran was just a creative writer and that Worth was a persona."
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written "there is little reason to think that the evidence supports the hypothesis of survival. Although
Patience offered various clues regarding her origin and identity, subsequent investigation revealed nothing to indicate that a Patience Worth ever existed." Braude also considered the possibility of "super-psi": the view that Curran had subconsciously utilized a form of
148:, I hear the talk, but over and above is the voice of Patience, either interpreting or giving me the part she wishes to use as story." Pearl Curran went on to describe her association with Patience Worth as "one of the most beautiful that can be the privilege of a human being to experience." Pearl and Patience together wrote several novels including
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other works from the period. The case for authenticity was not helped by
Patience writing a novel set in the Victorian times, some 200 years after her own death. Eventually even the most ardent believer was forced to conclude that Pearl Curranâs remarkable outpourings were more likely to have a natural, not supernatural, explanation.
284:. Curran used the Ouija board at his home on two occasions but refused to be put under hypnosis because she believed that it would destroy her contact with Patience Worth. Morton told reporters "nothing of scientific importance" occurred and "I consider the results inconsequential and of no scientific value".
215:. Braithwaite's index of magazine verse for 1918 listed the titles of eighty-eight poems by Patience Worth that appeared in magazines during the twelve-month period, only two of which were considered by Braithwaite to be lacking in any distinction. The same index listed ten poems by Amy Lowell and five by
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which claimed he had been told of Curran's knowledge of
Chaucer by a "scientific man" who had heard it from Mr Curran himself. In 1938 the ASPR journal published an anonymous article which refuted all of Hyslop's accusations. According to the article the Ozark dialect did not resemble the language of
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with her father John and mother Anne. Curran had a mental picture of the place in which
Patience Worth lived indicating that Patience lived in "...green rolling country with gentle slopes, not farmed much, with houses here and there. Two or three miles up this country on this road was a small village
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board and during that call there came what purported to be a message from a relative of Mrs. Hutchings. Mrs. Hutchings then bought a ouija board and took it to Mrs. Curran's house with the idea of continuing the communications. Pearl was somewhat indifferent and had to be coaxed to participate at the
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The weight of the evidenceâthe lack of historical record for âPatience Worth,â the fantasy proneness of Curran (consistent with producing an imaginary âother selfâ), the writingsâ questionable language, and the evidence of the editing and revision processâindicates that
Patience was merely a persona
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has examined the case of
Patience Worth and concluded that Pearl Curran was probably a highly gifted child whose talent for writing was smothered by her mother, who wanted to force Pearl into a singing career. In the alter ego of Patience Worth, her subconscious could revive that talent. Braude has
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After the death of her husband John Curran on June 1, 1922 who kept meticulous records of the
Patience Worth sessions, the record of the Patience Worth sessions became episodic and fragmentary, with long gaps of time unaccounted for. Pearl was pregnant with her first child which was born six months
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Unfortunately for Spiritualism, Curranâs writings failed to provide convincing evidence of life after death. Try as they might, researchers were unable to find any evidence that Patience Worth actually existed, and linguistic analysis of the texts revealed that the language was not consistent with
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The various accounts of Mrs. Curran's background purporting to show that, as Mrs. Curran, she could not have produced the literary works of Patience Worth are inaccurate. As a child, Mrs. Curran was a precocious learner. Her education was good enough to enable her to teach at various public and
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Pearl married John Howard Curran when she was 24. Though by no means wealthy, they lived a lifestyle which gave Pearl free time for moviegoing or playing cards with her husband or neighbors. The Currans had an average education for that time and owned few books; neither of them had traveled
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for tuition from J.C. Cooper. She worked at the McKinley Music Company addressing envelopes for $ 6 a week, then the Thompson Music Company selling music. From the age of 18 to 24 she worked at assorted jobs in Chicago during winter months, and during the summer she taught music at home in
414:, studied the case and wrote there might have been fraud involved by Curran's reading books and other material in the hours before the Patience Worth sessions. If true, Pearl may have felt guilt, which might have been expiated by her writing "Rosa Alvaro, Entrante."
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Curran was sensitive about her looks, considering herself to be ugly. She admitted to having little imagination and few ambitions, except to be successful as a singer. She had a short attention span and read very little during her formative years.
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to be a new classic of world literature. Patience Worth was also listed as one of the outstanding authors of 1918 by The Joint Committee of Literary Arts of New York. She was also cited by William Stanley Braithwaite in the 1918 edition of the
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when she was 14. She made a last attempt at attending school but was discouraged when placed in a lower grade based on her academic skills. However, she took music lessons, trained in piano and voice, and aspired to be a
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in the United States and Britain, possibly facilitating interest in the matter. Skeptics derided certain aspects of the supposed communication, noting particularly that Patience was able to write a novel about the
126:, she never named the town or village in which she lived. She did give some clues which were deduced by Casper Yost and other intimates of the Currans to indicate that Patience Worth had lived in rural
190:, an era some 200 years after the one in which she claimed to have lived. Still, the literature produced was considered to be of a high quality by some. For instance, the literary critic
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and educated her on the subject. According to Hyslop the case of Patience Worth was "a fraud and delusion for any person who wishes to treat it seriously." Hyslop also accused
34:(February 15, 1883 â December 2, 1937). This symbiotic relationship produced several novels, poetry and prose which Pearl Curran claimed were delivered to her through
244:. In the book, he did not come to any definite conclusion but considered the case of Patience Worth to be inexplicable by any naturalistic theory. He was open to the
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when she was eight months old and she started school when she was six. She was an average but uninterested student, eventually dropping out in her first
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556:"Eventually, investigation revealed that Pearl Curran's own experience was adequate to account for the knowledge she displayed as Patience Worth."
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256:, which was a voluminous report of 509 pages covering the Patience Worth case from its inception in 1913 to about 1927, published by the
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articles appeared by Emily Hutchings and Yost defending Curran against allegations of fraud. In response, Hyslop wrote a letter to the
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Psychologists and skeptics who have studied Curran's writings are in agreement that Patience was a fictitious creation of Curran.
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Patience Worth and knowledge of Chaucer would not have given Curran the vocabulary to compose the Patience Worth literature.
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Beginning in July 1912, Pearl Curran and her friend Emily Grant Hutchings were making a call on a neighbor who had a
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by printing the complete text of five of her poems, along with other leading poets of the day including
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due to the strenuous academics. She later returned to classes at St. Ignatius Catholic school.
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hypothesis. A thorough investigation of the case was conducted by the psychic researcher
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of knowing about the fraud but covering it up to increase sales of the book. In the
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wrote that the whole case for Curran's mediumship was based on fraud. Hyslop in the
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who spoke a dialect reminiscent of Patience Worth and Curran's husband had studied
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The Patience of Pearl: Spiritualism and Authorship in the Writings of Pearl Curran
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The Patience of Pearl: Spiritualism and Authorship in the Writings of Pearl Curran
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964:. Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research. April: 189-94.
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extensively. The first seven years of their marriage were uneventful.
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Paranormal and Transcendental Experience: A Psychological Examination
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In 1914 Curran travelled to Boston to be tested by the psychologist
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Rediscovering Pearl Curran: Solving the Mystery of Patience Worth
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313:, also explained Curran's mediumship by psychological factors.
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356:, said he spent five hours studying Curran's writings at the
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201:
Anthology of Magazine Verse and Year Book of American Poetry
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Singer in the Shadows. The Strange Story of Patience Worth
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89:. As Curran's musical talents blossomed, she was sent to
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The Patience Worth writings coincided with a revival of
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Journal for the American Society for Psychical Research
178:] as well as several short stories and many poems.
715:
Extra-Sensory Powers: A Century of Psychical Research
677:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. pp. 133-175.
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In 1919, Charles E. Cory Professor of Philosophy at
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Anomalistic Psychology: A Study of Magical Thinking
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Immortal Remains: The Evidence for Life After Death
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Wish and Wisdom: Episodes in the Vagaries of Belief
322:
Anomalistic Psychology: A Study of Magical Thinking
109:
934:Mysteries of the Mind: The Drama of Human Behavior
882:Immortal Remains. The Evidence of Life after Death
510:Mysteries of the Mind: The Drama of Human Behavior
301:which came to the conclusion Patience Worth was a
764:. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. pp. 104-105.
350:, who published an article on the subject in the
1983:
1096:Ghost Author? The Channeling of âPatience Worthâ
799:"Ghost Author? The Channeling of Patience Worth"
410:Daniel Shea, a professor emeritus of English at
1148:
1059:, available through UMI Dissertation Services.
134:In 1916, in a book with a foreword written by
1660:National Spiritualist Association of Churches
1134:
85:. About that time the family moved again, to
1044:Patience Worth â Psychic Mystery of the Ages
612:Encyclopedia of Occultism and Parapsychology
961:Review of Patience Worth: A Psychic Mystery
122:Although Worth indicated that she was from
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1127:
863:Light from Beyond, Poems of Patience Worth
786:Paranormality: Why We See What Isn't There
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707:
705:
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2012:20th-century American short story writers
1670:Spiritualist Association of Great Britain
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911:
382:claimed Curran had known people from the
760:Leonard Zusne, Warren H. Jones. (1989).
661:. Boston Society for Psychical Research.
483:. D. Appleton-Century Company. pp. 78-92
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18:
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627:. Missouri History Museum Press. p. 137
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623:Lorin Cuoco, William H. Gass. (2000).
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1685:International Spiritualist Federation
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258:Boston Society for Psychical Research
93:for voice training, before moving to
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751:. American Book Company. pp. 308-326
454:Psychics, Sensitives and Somnambules
231:
30:was allegedly a spirit contacted by
2017:20th-century American women writers
1640:List of Spiritualist organizations
1018:Language Myths, Mysteries and Magic
944:. Self-published by Irene Hickman.
912:Diliberto, Gioia (September 2010).
831:"Patience Worth by Gioia Diliberto"
570:Language Myths, Mysteries and Magic
13:
2037:American women short story writers
854:
456:. McFarland & Company. p. 38.
289:Washington University in St. Louis
14:
2058:
1089:
1067:Patience Worth. A Psychic Mystery
642:Patience Worth: A Psychic Mystery
374:In 1916 the psychical researcher
360:in St. Louis. Nickell concluded:
252:, who published in 1927 his book
242:Patience Worth: A Psychic Mystery
2047:People from Mound City, Illinois
1114:Selected poems of Patience Worth
1034:Taylor, William Sentman (1954).
1000:Prince, Walter Franklin (1964).
865:. Patience Worth Publishing Co.
747:William Sentman Taylor. (1954).
320:, Warren H. Jones in their book
305:personality of Curran. In 1954,
110:The appearance of Patience Worth
2002:20th-century American novelists
1036:Dynamic and Abnormal Psychology
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749:Dynamic and Abnormal Psychology
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720:
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614:. Kessinger Publishing. p. 695
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572:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 111.
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548:. Dover Publications. p. 218.
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394:and the publisher of his book
65:year, later stating she had a
38:the spirit of Patience Worth.
1:
1665:Spiritualists' National Union
717:. Overlook Press. pp. 170-171
693:Emily Williams Cook. (1991).
499:. New York: Canaveral. p. 247
439:
226:
1655:London Spiritualist Alliance
1051:Wall, Mia-Grandolfi (2000).
789:. London, UK: Pan Macmillan.
477:Patience Worth: An Alter Ego
7:
2007:20th-century American poets
1055:. Unpublished Ph.D. Diss.,
932:Goldenson, Robert. (1973).
880:Braude, Stephen E. (2003).
625:Literary St. Louis: A Guide
417:
358:Missouri Historical Society
10:
2063:
2022:American spiritual mediums
1002:The Case of Patience Worth
695:Research in Parapsychology
659:The Case of Patience Worth
508:Robert Goldenson. (1973).
497:Spirits, Stars, and Spells
333:In 2011, the psychologist
254:The Case of Patience Worth
1693:
1675:Spiritual church movement
1632:
1251:
1160:
1016:Stollznow, Karen (2014).
1012:. University of Missouri.
993:Patience Worth. Temptress
820:. University of Missouri.
697:. Scarecrow Press. p. 209
645:. Henry Holt and Company.
452:Rodger Anderson. (2006).
291:published a paper titled
2027:American women novelists
1064:Yost, Casper S. (1916).
1038:. American Book Company.
1004:. University Books, Inc.
886:Rowman & Littlefield
713:Alfred Douglas. (1982).
595:The Skeptic's Dictionary
528:. Crowell. pp. 128-129.
346:In 2012, the researcher
141:St. Louis Globe-Democrat
23:Pearl Curran, about 1926
1941:C. E. Bechhofer Roberts
1806:Carlos MarĂa de Heredia
1042:Theisen, James (1992).
968:Litvag, Irving (1972).
940:Hickman, Irene (1971).
908:. Psychological Review.
807:. Retrieved 2015-05-30.
598:. Retrieved 2015-05-30.
526:ESP, Seers and Psychics
272:to gather information.
270:extrasensory perception
217:Edna St. Vincent Millay
1871:Charles Arthur Mercier
1680:Arthur Findlay College
1519:William Stainton Moses
1484:Gladys Osborne Leonard
1072:Henry Holt and Company
1020:. Palgrave Macmillan.
991:Malone, R. F. (1947).
958:Hyslop, James (1916).
902:Cory, Charles (1919).
836:Smithsonian (magazine)
726:Charles Cory. (1919).
655:Walter Franklin Prince
544:Andrew Neher. (2011).
512:. Doubleday. pp. 44-53
367:
344:
331:
307:William Sentman Taylor
250:Walter Franklin Prince
162:The Pot upon the Wheel
57:. The family moved to
24:
1831:Stanley LeFevre Krebs
1736:Milbourne Christopher
1645:Spiritualist churches
1514:Lorin Morgan-Richards
1509:William Usborne Moore
1178:Cross-Correspondences
1008:Shea, Daniel (2012).
974:The Macmillan Company
942:I Knew Patience Worth
861:Behr, Herman (1927).
816:Daniel Shea. (2012).
522:Milbourne Christopher
412:Washington University
362:
339:
326:
324:(1989) have written:
276:Scientific skepticism
263:The parapsychologist
22:
2032:American women poets
1846:John Nevil Maskelyne
1746:Edmund Smith Conklin
1109:Skeptic's Dictionary
995:. Psychic Book Club.
735:Psychological Review
493:Lyon Sprague de Camp
370:Allegations of fraud
298:Psychological Review
192:William Marion Reedy
76:Her family moved to
55:Mound City, Illinois
51:Pearl Lenore Pollard
2042:Channelled entities
1921:Julien J. Proskauer
1711:George Miller Beard
1706:John Henry Anderson
1444:Daniel Dunglas Home
1161:History and beliefs
424:Christine Beauchamp
311:abnormal psychology
170:An Elisebethan Mask
32:Pearl Lenore Curran
1961:Ivor Lloyd Tuckett
1796:William A. Hammond
1599:StanisĆawa Tomczyk
1589:Emanuel Swedenborg
1539:Ethel Post-Parrish
1504:Francis Ward Monck
1349:Arthur Conan Doyle
1223:Spirit photography
1046:. INFO Journal#66.
804:Skeptical Inquirer
353:Skeptical Inquirer
316:The psychologists
309:, a specialist in
205:William Rose Benét
91:Kankakee, Illinois
45:About Pearl Curran
25:
1979:
1978:
1966:Lyttelton Winslow
1931:Donovan Rawcliffe
1896:E. Clephan Palmer
1866:Georgess McHargue
1756:Stuart Cumberland
1731:William Carpenter
1650:Spiritist centres
1609:George Valiantine
1529:Eusapia Palladino
1499:Carmine Mirabelli
1459:Swami Laura Horos
1409:Kathleen Goligher
1334:Geraldine Cummins
1289:Stephen E. Braude
1228:Spirit possession
1213:Spiritual healing
1173:Automatic writing
1057:Tulane University
1027:978-1-137-40484-8
872:978-0-7873-1347-0
770:978-0-805-80507-9
671:Stephen E. Braude
578:978-1-137-40484-8
534:978-0-690-26815-7
265:Stephen E. Braude
232:Paranormal belief
213:Edgar Lee Masters
67:nervous breakdown
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1911:Massimo Polidoro
1861:Henry C. McComas
1766:Joseph Dunninger
1544:James Van Praagh
1434:Gordon Higginson
1374:William Eglinton
1218:Spirit obsession
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1594:Rosina Thompson
1554:Estelle Roberts
1494:Heinrich Melzer
1469:James H. Hyslop
1439:Richard Hodgson
1329:William Crookes
1247:
1193:Materialization
1156:
1147:
1092:
1082:
1028:
984:
952:
923:
921:
896:
873:
857:
855:Further reading
852:
851:
841:
839:
829:
828:
824:
815:
811:
797:
793:
781:Richard Wiseman
779:
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746:
742:
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491:
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451:
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372:
335:Richard Wiseman
278:
234:
229:
112:
47:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2060:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1946:Chung Ling Soo
1943:
1938:
1936:Joseph F. Rinn
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
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1898:
1893:
1888:
1886:Fulton Oursler
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
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1853:
1851:Henry Maudsley
1848:
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1826:Joseph Jastrow
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1791:Trevor H. Hall
1788:
1783:
1781:Martin Gardner
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1751:Millais Culpin
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1721:Lionel Branson
1718:
1713:
1708:
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1569:Rudi Schneider
1566:
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1449:Elizabeth Hope
1446:
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1404:Eileen Garrett
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1301:
1299:Rosemary Brown
1296:
1294:William Breeze
1291:
1286:
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1276:
1274:Charles Bailey
1271:
1266:
1264:Rosemary Altea
1261:
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1123:
1117:
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1111:
1105:Patience Worth
1102:
1091:
1090:External links
1088:
1087:
1086:
1080:
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1048:
1039:
1032:
1026:
1013:
1006:
997:
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982:
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914:"Ghost Writer"
909:
905:Patience Worth
900:
894:
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856:
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822:
809:
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738:. pp. 397-407.
729:Patience Worth
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473:Joseph Jastrow
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429:Rosemary Brown
426:
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371:
368:
293:Patience Worth
277:
274:
233:
230:
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196:The Sorry Tale
166:Samuel Wheaton
158:Hope Trueblood
154:The Sorry Tale
146:The Sorry Tale
111:
108:
46:
43:
28:Patience Worth
15:
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6:
4:
3:
2:
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1906:Frank Podmore
1904:
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1856:Joseph McCabe
1854:
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1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
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1827:
1824:
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1821:Harry Houdini
1819:
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1816:Terence Hines
1814:
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1761:Eric Dingwall
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1633:Organizations
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1574:Maria Silbert
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1537:
1535:
1534:Leonora Piper
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1524:Einer Nielsen
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1479:Franek Kluski
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
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1435:
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1422:
1420:
1417:
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1407:
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1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1364:Harry Edwards
1362:
1360:
1359:Eddy Brothers
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1319:Florence Cook
1317:
1315:
1314:Doris Collins
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1304:Sylvia Browne
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
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1282:
1280:
1279:Bangs Sisters
1277:
1275:
1272:
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1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1252:Spiritualists
1250:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1238:Table-turning
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1208:Spirit guides
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1188:Faith healing
1186:
1184:
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1103:
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1093:
1083:
1081:0-7661-9536-8
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1045:
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1033:
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1023:
1019:
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1007:
1003:
998:
994:
989:
985:
983:0-595-19805-8
979:
975:
971:
966:
963:
962:
957:
953:
951:0-915689-06-5
947:
943:
938:
935:
931:
919:
915:
910:
907:
906:
901:
897:
895:0-7425-1472-2
891:
887:
883:
878:
874:
868:
864:
859:
858:
838:
837:
832:
826:
819:
813:
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800:
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683:0-7425-1472-2
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554:0-486-26167-0
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462:0-7864-2770-1
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366:
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349:
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330:
325:
323:
319:
318:Leonard Zusne
314:
312:
308:
304:
300:
299:
294:
290:
285:
283:
282:Morton Prince
273:
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197:
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189:
188:Victorian age
184:
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33:
29:
21:
16:American poet
1951:Gordon Stein
1776:Chris French
1741:Edward Clodd
1726:Derren Brown
1716:Ruth Brandon
1701:David Abbott
1624:Chico Xavier
1584:Doris Stokes
1559:Jane Roberts
1489:Oliver Lodge
1474:Allan Kardec
1454:William Hope
1389:Leslie Flint
1354:Helen Duncan
1344:Frank Decker
1339:Pearl Curran
1338:
1324:Mina Crandon
1309:Eva CarriĂšre
1284:Ada Besinnet
1259:Derek Acorah
1233:Spirit world
1150:Spiritualism
1066:
1052:
1043:
1035:
1017:
1009:
1001:
992:
969:
959:
941:
936:. Doubleday.
933:
924:14 September
922:. Retrieved
917:
904:
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862:
840:. Retrieved
834:
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619:
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608:Lewis Spence
603:
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496:
488:
480:
476:
468:
453:
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434:Jane Roberts
409:
403:
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376:James Hyslop
373:
365:of Curranâs.
363:
351:
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332:
327:
321:
315:
303:subconscious
296:
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262:
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246:spiritualist
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183:Spiritualism
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121:
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75:
71:
50:
48:
40:
31:
27:
26:
1997:1937 deaths
1992:1883 births
1926:James Randi
1916:Harry Price
1891:Joe Nickell
1876:Albert Moll
1841:David Marks
1771:Henry Evans
1619:Etta Wriedt
1614:Jack Webber
1579:Henry Slade
1564:William Roy
1429:Alec Harris
1424:Robert Hare
1394:Arthur Ford
1384:Fox sisters
1379:Colin Evans
1369:John Edward
1269:Dan Aykroyd
1100:Joe Nickell
918:Smithsonian
637:Casper Yost
392:Casper Yost
348:Joe Nickell
238:Casper Yost
194:considered
136:Casper Yost
128:Dorsetshire
83:prima donna
63:high school
36:channelling
1986:Categories
1956:Amy Tanner
1811:Carl Hertz
1549:Bert Reese
1464:Cecil Husk
1414:Rita Goold
1198:Mediumship
783:. (2011).
673:. (2003).
657:. (1927).
639:. (1916).
610:. (2003).
568:. (2014).
524:. (1970).
495:. (1966).
475:. (1935).
440:References
396:Henry Holt
240:published
227:Evaluation
209:Amy Lowell
172: [
1604:Ena Twigg
1419:Jan Guzyk
1399:Colin Fry
1183:Ectoplasm
1154:spiritism
236:In 1916,
78:St. Louis
1694:Skeptics
920:: 84â100
842:July 11,
418:See also
100:Missouri
388:Chaucer
337:wrote:
295:in the
124:England
95:Chicago
1243:Theism
1203:SĂ©ance
1168:Apport
1078:
1024:
980:
948:
892:
869:
768:
681:
576:
552:
532:
460:
404:Mirror
400:Mirror
384:Ozarks
211:, and
479:. In
150:Telka
116:ouija
59:Texas
1152:and
1076:ISBN
1022:ISBN
978:ISBN
946:ISBN
926:2010
890:ISBN
867:ISBN
844:2024
766:ISBN
679:ISBN
574:ISBN
550:ISBN
530:ISBN
458:ISBN
175:sic
53:in
1988::
1107:â
1098:â
1074:.
1070:.
976:.
972:.
916:.
888:.
884:.
833:.
801:.
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702:^
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160:,
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102:.
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1084:.
1030:.
986:.
954:.
928:.
898:.
875:.
846:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
