135:
143:
2789:
2497:
38:
151:
510:
1149:
more concentrated. The wines produced are red, dry wines with a level of alcohol of more than 15%. Vester Ulslev
Vingaard sees the use of dried grapes as a means to make more powerful wines in a cool climate and also as a means to redress deficits in concentration and sugars in bad seasons. In 2010 a double-fermented (ripasso-method) wine was also produced using the pomace of the first wine.
716:
703:(to dry and shrivel). The Moscato Passito di Pantelleria has already been mentioned above. Other famous passiti include Malvasia delle Lipari Passito D.O.C., Vin Santo in Tuscany, Recioto around Verona, the historical (made since Roman times) Caluso Passito made from Erbaluce grapes from the Canavese region in Piedmont and SciachetrĂ from the
664:. These will be pressed and vinified after a few days of sundrying. It is then barrel aged to mature for several years or sometimes much longer. Its capacity for ageing in bottle is measured in decades. Producers include: Argyros, Artemis Karamolegos, Boutari, Gaia, Hadjidakis, Canava Roussos, Santo Wines, Sigalas and Venetsanos Winery.
425:. The grapes are furthermore required to be dried for a minimum of three months, either by laying the grape bunches on mats of straw or reed, or by hanging the bunches up for drying by suspending them from pieces of string. However, if the grapes have reached a must weight of at least 30 ÂșKMW (same must weight as a
173:
Under less labour-intensive versions of the technique, easily portable racks might be used instead of mats or nets, or the grapes are left lying on the ground beneath the vines, or even left hanging on the vine with the vine-arm cut or the stem twisted. Technically speaking the grapes must be cut off
878:
that in the native
Venetian language means 'ears', a reference to this variety's habit of forming two small clusters of extra-ripe grapes sticking out of the top of the main bunch, that were preferred for this wine. It seems to be an ancient wine, in the 5th century AD, Cassiodorus refers to a sweet
748:
Passito di Caluso, precious straw wine made from
Erbaluce di Caluso best grapes harvested, it stays 6 months on straw mats to dry, then after a soft pressing it goes in oak barrels for at least 4 yrs. before being bottled. It is one of the three historical passito wines: Pantelleria, SciacchetrĂ and
735:
is made in
Tuscany from hand-picked grapes that are hung from the rafters to dry. They are fermented in small cigar-shaped barrels called caratelli, and then aged in the caratelli for up to ten years in the roof of the winery. The wine develops a deep golden or amber color, and a sweet, often nutty,
169:
made from grapes that have been dried off the vine to concentrate their juice. Under the classic method, after a careful hand harvest, selected bunches of ripe grapes will be laid out on mats in full sun. (Originally the mats were made of straw, but these days the plastic nets for the olive harvest
1129:
in
Virginia produces a straw wine in the Italian passito style, based on Moscato Ottonel and Vidal grapes. Potomac Point Winery, also in Virginia, produces a straw wine based on the Petit Manseng grape. Likewise, King Family Vineyards in Crozet, Virginia produces a 100% Petit Manseng in the vin de
1148:
A Danish winery, Vester Ulslev
Vingaard, has made wine from dried grapes since 2007. The varieties used are LĂ©on Millot and Cabernet Cantor. The grapes are dried for 4â5 weeks using forced ventilation. During that time the grapes lose up to 50% of their weight, the remaining juice being similarly
299:
The grapes are left on the vine to dry in the sun ... It is made by drying grapes in the sun, and then placing them for seven days in a closed place upon hurdles, some seven feet from the ground, care being taken to protect them at night from the dews: on the eighth day they are trodden out: this
181:
The exact technique used varies according to local conditions, traditions and increasingly modern innovations. In some regions the grapes are laid first in the sun and later covered or they are covered at night to protect them against dew fall. In cooler, damper regions, the entire drying process
1039:
variety are cultivated in drained, warm, sunny vineyards, and then collected and partially dehydrated over "zardos", or wicker beds constructed to give a light maturation to the grapes, exposed to sun during the first days of fall. These half-dried grapes are then vinified in big clay jars or
170:
are likely to be used). This drying will probably be done on well exposed terraces somewhere near the wine press and the drying process will take around a week or longer. Small scale productions were laid out on flat roofs; however, if this still happens, it is extremely rare nowadays.
787:" - literally "extra bitter", as opposed to sweet). Amarone is a very ripe, raisiny red wine with very little acid, often >15% alcohol (the legal minimum is 14%). Typically Amarone is released five years after the vintage, even though this is not a legal requirement. The
970:). Slovak regulations require the wine to be produced from well ripened grapes, stored before processing on straw or reed matting, or hung on strings for at least three months; additionally, the must weight is required to reach at least 27 °NM on the
1133:
In Texas, it was illegal to make wine from dried grapes until 1999, when following pressure from Shawn and Rocko Bruno, who wanted to recreate the raisin wines of their
Sicilian heritage, the Alcoholic Beverage Code was amended.
438:
Strohwein and
Schilfwein are treated as synonyms by the wine law, and the choice between them therefore depends on local naming tradition rather than the specific material used for the drying mats for a specific batch of wine.
1079:
from 1920 to 1933, homemade raisin wine became a popular substitute. Raisin producers circuitously promoted the practice by issuing warnings against winemaking that were so detailed as to function as winemaking instructions.
680:
grapes. The most widely available is Nectar, made by the EOSS cooperative. The small wineries
Vakakis and Nopera also make examples. Many growers also make private productions, especially around the village of Platanos.
897:
style white wine from the region. It has a warm golden color and sweet flavor, pleasantly persistent, round and thick; it is an excellent dessert wine, one of the top national wines. It is produced in
1137:
Ravines Wine
Cellars in the Finger Lakes produces a vin de paille from Chardonnay grapes. The cool climate of the Finger Lakes gives the grapes a good acidity like the Jura region of France.
599:
at La Grande Commanderie in Cyprus after they purchased it from him, and hence claims to be oldest named wine still in production. Commandaria is made from two indigenous grapes, the white
308:
wine made in ancient Carthage. The modern Italian name for this wine, passito, echoes this ancient word, as does the French word used to describe the process of producing straw wines,
582:
is Greek for "sun-dried" and is the word used to describe Passito or straw wine. Greece and Cyprus are the original home of the style and quite a few Liastos wines are produced here.
779:. The grapes are dried on traditional straw mats or on racks on the valley slopes. There are two styles of red passito produced in Veneto. If fermentation is complete, the result is
497:, the grapes must be dried for at least three months either on straw or reed mats or hung in a well-ventilated space, and the must weight is required to reach at least 27° NM on the
348:. Air-dried on racks for approximately six weeks it is fermented in new oak and then bottle post-fermentation to retain freshness. Residual sugar sits at a comparatively low 59g/L.
1260:
1123:, makes a 100% Semillon in the Italian passito style. Qupé, in Santa Barbara County, makes a vin de paille from 100% Marsanne, sourced from the Sawyer Lindquist Vineyard.
564:. Traditionally the grapes are placed indoors on straw mats for up to three months, and the final wine has 10-20% residual sugar, with flavours of peaches and apricots .
1569:
1253:"Pliny the Elder, The Natural History, BOOK XIV. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF THE FRUIT TREES., CHAP. 11. (9.) â EIGHTEEN VARIETEIS OF SWEET WINE. RAISIN-WINE AND HEPSEMA"
913:
valley. The name comes from a word of the Venetian language and means twisted, indeed, in the traditional production method, the clusters were twisted to dried.
626:
It is worth noting that Monemvasia-Malvasia is NOT made from any of the various grapes called Malvasia. It is made from a blend of grapes including Kidonitsa,
1289:
174:
from the vine in order for the wine to be a 'straw wine'. If the grapes are just left to over-ripen before being harvested, even if this is to the point of
1657:
843:
1367:
623:
wine traded by the Venetians and made originally here in the Southeast Peloponnese. The version made by Monemvasia Winery has won many awards recently.
1423:
1398:
800:
1036:
1222:
838:
is a passito red wine produced in a hilly area close to Conegliano in the Treviso province. In a few hectares of this small area in the core of
1474:
1499:
939:, an extremely high quality passito wine. In the Treviso and Venice area are often produced some 'Ramandolo style' wines by the varieties
1735:
1630:
1550:
300:
method, it is said, produces a liquor of exquisite bouquet and flavour. The liquor known as melitites is also one of the sweet wines.
268:
site at Erimi have revealed that sweet wine was made there some 6000 years ago. This is the earliest appearance of sweet wine in the
470:. It is made using dried wine grapes in the passito method. There are only a few commercial producers as it is typically homemade.
630:, Monemvasia and Asproudi. Some of these varieties are, (or are related to) the ancestor varieties of the Malvasia family, as are
2723:
1006:, including Bodegas Oliveros and Bodegas Gonzalez Palacios. Most involve a blend of two grapes, the first one usually a Muscat.
1314:
272:
region. A wine grape wine known as the Cypriot Manna (or Nama). Similar principles were used to make the medieval Cypriot wine
1532:
1252:
1336:
182:
takes place indoors in huts, attics or greenhouses with the bunches lying on racks or hanging up with good air circulation.
2545:
1566:
796:
1615:
1585:
102:
74:
1807:
1442:
1205:
121:
1076:
81:
1782:
1711:
1281:
1140:
Silver Springs Winery in the Finger Lakes produces a vin de paille from 100% Cayuga White and 100% Pinot Grigio.
501:
scale. Straw wine in the Czech Republic is typically made from white grapes that are well-ripened and undamaged.
2096:
1654:
676:
2263:
59:
1375:
879:
white wine from Verona that sounds like Recioto di Soave. A classic accompaniment can be the Christmas sweets
2749:
241:) were highly sought after. Traditionally, most production of these wines has been in Greece, the islands of
88:
2754:
1417:
1682:
1395:
971:
817:
and are favored for Recioto, whereas grapes intended for Amarone are dried on the higher slopes to avoid
498:
142:
55:
2674:
2641:
2470:
947:
A match up that could be recommended is between the Venetian sweet bussolĂ and Verduzzo passito wines.
805:
206:
70:
2819:
2764:
2654:
1230:
197:. The low yields and labour-intensive production method means that they are quite expensive. Around
2834:
2759:
2538:
2480:
2409:
2301:
1902:
1885:
1471:
2649:
2022:
1858:
1126:
134:
48:
17:
1491:
935:
grapes, is sweet full-bodied and honey taste. In the same area is produced even the prestigious
2512:
2435:
1880:
521:
803:
status in December 2009. If fermentation is incomplete, the result is a sweet red wine called
2839:
2450:
2219:
1863:
1088:
809:. Fermentation may stop for several reasons including low nutrient levels, high alcohol, and
592:
201:
red grapes are dried, and are fermented in two different ways to make a strong dry red wine (
2844:
2824:
2101:
1853:
1547:
427:
1028:
8:
2679:
2631:
2531:
1775:
1112:
944:
2081:
763:
The more famous are the passito wines made from the blend of red wine grapes typical of
95:
2669:
2174:
1607:
906:
986:
De Trafford created the first Vin de Paille to be released under the new appellation "
2829:
2623:
2570:
2154:
1892:
1528:
1201:
1168:
1163:
940:
932:
2091:
1306:
846:, a Denominazione of Colli di Conegliano DOCG, are produced. This wine is made from
345:
2414:
2341:
2204:
2106:
1194:
1032:
810:
776:
649:
541:
325:
217:
The technique dates back to pre-Classical times with wines becoming fashionable in
190:
1009:
740:
e Vin Santo', with almond or hazelnut biscuits which are then dipped in the wine.
372:
2769:
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2507:
2293:
2121:
2056:
1999:
1962:
1842:
1661:
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1478:
1427:
1402:
1340:
1293:
1120:
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596:
389:
344:
has been experimenting with this style since 2002 with their 100% Marsanne named
309:
292:
222:
645:
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1952:
1930:
1897:
1873:
1768:
1593:
1108:
1024:
482:
432:
287:. Various Mediterranean raisin wines were described in the first century AD by
284:
250:
2664:
1012:
grapes are dried in the sun before being vinified, fortified and matured in a
2813:
2788:
2689:
2598:
2496:
2404:
2399:
2076:
1868:
687:
wines are also made on the islands of Paros, Evvia, Tinos, Ikaria and Crete.
545:
493:). Czech regulations require the harvested grapes to come from a single wine
417:
364:
269:
2475:
2066:
2004:
1994:
1947:
1158:
1052:
991:
902:
871:
852:
829:
764:
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401:
377:
321:
218:
2224:
1450:
1100:
850:
grapes, it was already appreciated in the past as documented in the opera
591:
claims descent from the native Cypriot wine served at the wedding of King
295:. Pliny uses the Greek term for honey wine for the following raisin wine:
2793:
2744:
2707:
2501:
2356:
2346:
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2009:
1940:
1799:
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2336:
2234:
2229:
2189:
2116:
2061:
2051:
2033:
1989:
1967:
1925:
1751:
1741:
1368:"Bundesgesetz ĂŒber den Verkehr mit Wein und Obstwein (Weingesetz 1999)"
910:
772:
615:
529:
486:
194:
186:
2046:
1704:
557:
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2311:
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2131:
2071:
1972:
1817:
1173:
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880:
867:
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814:
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left over from pressing off the Amarone is used in the production of
727:
653:
627:
600:
567:
525:
367:
288:
265:
1023:
Another straw wine of Spain, produced only by locals of the town of
463:
37:
2321:
2316:
2306:
2199:
2179:
2146:
2111:
1957:
1920:
1832:
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898:
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620:
549:
537:
533:
467:
422:
329:
279:
The process of making raisin wines was described by the Greek poet
2041:
813:
metabolites. Grapes dried in the valley bottoms are more prone to
2774:
2580:
2331:
2184:
2159:
2086:
1822:
1736:"Vin de Paille: A Dessert Wine Making Technique for the Obsessed"
936:
894:
884:
792:
784:
768:
758:
459:
317:
230:
202:
1935:
257:. However, producers in other areas now use the method as well.
2739:
2702:
2326:
2214:
2209:
1041:
1013:
920:
788:
661:
657:
635:
631:
619:. Monemvasia-Malvasia is a recreation of the famous Malmsey or
595:, just after he conquered the island, and then produced by the
305:
280:
261:
246:
242:
234:
198:
175:
1370:[The Austrian Wine Law â updated BGBl. I Nr. 87/2005]
824:
Recioto della Valpolicella is regarded as a good companion to
431:) after a minimum of two months, the grapes are allowed to be
150:
2523:
2239:
2194:
2164:
1002:
A number of wineries produce straw wine, known in Spanish as
928:
924:
671:
604:
509:
393:
381:
238:
1196:
The Quality of Foods and Beverages: Chemistry and Technology
866:
is the passito white wine from around Verona, made from the
715:
312:. Perhaps the closest thing to passum is Moscato Passito di
1791:
1747:
860:, where the protagonist describes it as an excellent wine.
166:
1674:
901:, along the Strada (or Wine Road) between the Astico and
1608:"2008 Potomac Point Vineyard & Winery Petit Manseng"
1760:
1223:"Cypriots thought to be first Mediterranean winemakers"
1192:
Inglett, George E.; Charalambous, George, eds. (1981).
1407:, p. 10, (Czech Language), accessed: January 13, 2011.
1337:"Wines from Austria: Quality Designations in Detail"
923:
region. Typically produced in the hilly area around
1191:
62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1193:
1119:. Stony Hill winery, a Chardonnay producer in the
193:but potentially sweeter. They are capable of long
1362:
1360:
1358:
1329:
905:rivers, in the strip of land between the city of
656:grapes, usually blended with small quantities of
520:is the French for 'straw wine', made only in the
466:which is traditionally from the southern area of
421:, and these regulations are part of the Austrian
2811:
1418:Wine of the Czech Republic: Description of Wines
1087:are experimenting with the vin de paille style.
1044:), and conserved in clay or crystal recipients.
974:scale. Grapes should originate in a single wine
966:law, is classified as a Predicate wine (Slovak:
801:Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita
528:(Arbois and sometimes L'Ătoile) from a blend of
524:. Perhaps the best known example is made in the
376:category which designates a straw wine, a sweet
489:law, is classified as a Predicate wine (Czech:
411:requirements for Strohwein or Schilfwein is 25
1355:
1063:Barcelo Winery produces a straw wine known as
695:In Italy, the generic name for these wines is
185:Straw wines are typically sweet to very sweet
2539:
1776:
1443:"De Trafford Wines Stellenbosch South Africa"
648:, the hallmark dessert wine of the island of
1514:
324:, produced on Pantelleria, an island in the
1472:Italianmade.com article on Recioto di Soave
1437:
1435:
722:e Vin Santo in a restaurant in Milan, Italy
2546:
2532:
1783:
1769:
1705:"Zuccarino , Silver Springs Winery L.L.C."
1035:is known as Ligeruelo wine. Grapes of the
611:grape known as Pinot St-George in the US.
328:(50 miles from Tunisia) opposite to where
122:Learn how and when to remove this message
1746:
1520:
1432:
1396:Czech Wine Fund: Viticulture Act of 2004
828:desserts because of the high acidity in
799:status in December 1990 and promoted to
714:
508:
149:
141:
133:
2724:Clarification and stabilization of wine
1075:When commercial wine was banned during
14:
2812:
1288:about Moscato Passito di Pantelleria.
1220:
458:The raisin wine most commonly seen in
189:, similar in density and sweetness to
2527:
1764:
1745:
1103:, and one from a blend of Roussanne,
1058:
736:taste. Vin Santo is often served as '
699:. The method of production is called
797:Denominazione di Origine Controllata
566:It is an excellent accompaniment to
540:. Vins de paille are also made from
60:adding citations to reliable sources
31:
1738:from the Tablas Creek Vineyard blog
1664:of Texas Legislative Session 76(R).
1631:"King Family Vineyards - 404 Error"
1527:. Infobase Publishing. p. 56.
1263:from the original on 6 January 2017
1067:primarily from Alexandrian Muscat.
1051:, and is traditionally produced at
919:is a passito wine from the closely
795:Valpolicellas. Amarone was awarded
24:
1618:from the original on 21 June 2010.
1047:In Galicia straw wine is known as
978:and reach at least 6% of alcohol.
351:
25:
2856:
1808:Annual growth cycle of grapevines
1729:
1521:Slavicek, Louise Chipley (2009).
1317:from the original on 21 June 2017
842:, only a few thousand bottles of
674:Island are also made of sundried
670:Some of the famed sweet wines of
473:
276:, which is still produced today.
178:, this is a 'late harvest' wine.
2787:
2495:
1714:from the original on 5 June 2017
1685:from the original on 5 June 2017
1502:from the original on 6 June 2017
1130:paille style, called "Loreley".
1111:and Marsanne, while cult winery
1070:
988:Wine from Naturally Dried Grapes
962:term for straw wine that, under
874:. The name comes from the word,
574:
485:term for straw wine that, under
36:
1697:
1667:
1648:
1623:
1600:
1578:
1560:
1541:
1484:
1465:
1221:Kambas, Michele (21 May 2005).
981:
446:exists only in Austria, not in
146:Grapes sun-wilting on the plant
138:Muscat grapes drying in the sun
47:needs additional citations for
2553:
1410:
1388:
1299:
1275:
1245:
1214:
1185:
13:
1:
2750:Glossary of viticulture terms
1422:, accessed: January 22, 2011
1179:
285:mainland Greece around 800 BC
2755:Glossary of winemaking terms
677:Muscat Blanc Ă Petits Grains
380:made from raisin-like dried
335:
233:('Malvasia' originally from
7:
1708:www.silverspringswinery.com
1635:www.kingfamilyvineyards.com
1374:(in German). Archived from
1152:
950:
743:
491:JakostnĂ vĂno s pĆĂvlastkem
415:, the same as for Austrian
320:, a variety of the ancient
27:Wine made from dried grapes
10:
2861:
2675:Yeast assimilable nitrogen
1572:November 24, 2009, at the
1553:December 28, 2010, at the
1143:
968:AkostnĂ© vĂno s prĂvlastkom
806:Recioto della Valpolicella
781:Amarone della Valpolicella
756:
725:
710:
652:, is made of the choicest
453:
229:Europe when wines such as
212:
207:Recioto della Valpolicella
2783:
2765:History of the wine press
2732:
2716:
2688:
2655:Sparkling wine production
2640:
2622:
2589:
2561:
2489:
2428:
2390:
2285:
2262:
2145:
2032:
2020:
1913:
1841:
1798:
1758:
1586:"Potomac Point wine list"
1426:December 6, 2010, at the
1229:. Reuters. Archived from
990:" in 1997. They use 100%
752:
504:
340:Barossa Valley producer,
2760:Wine tasting descriptors
2481:Wine tasting descriptors
2410:Phenolic content in wine
2302:Alternative wine closure
1886:Great French Wine Blight
1790:
997:
690:
304:Columella discusses the
205:) and a sweet red wine (
2650:Malolactic fermentation
1567:Barboursville wine list
1307:"Turkey Flat Vineyards"
1292:March 21, 2012, at the
1127:Barboursville Vineyards
1675:"Ravines Wine Cellars"
1590:potomacpointwinery.com
1548:Tablas Creek wine list
1381:on 28 September 2007.
1200:. Academic Press Inc.
972:NormalizovanĂœ muĆĄtomer
723:
514:
499:NormalizovanĂœ moĆĄtomer
435:at this earlier time.
302:
155:
154:Grapes laid out to dry
147:
139:
2451:Wine and food pairing
1311:www.turkeyflat.com.au
1257:www.perseus.tufts.edu
1095:, make one from 100%
1089:Tablas Creek Vineyard
718:
607:, an ancestor of the
593:Richard the Lionheart
512:
342:Turkey Flat Vineyards
297:
153:
145:
137:
2102:Muscat of Alexandria
1498:. 6 September 2015.
1477:May 8, 2011, at the
1115:makes one from 100%
428:Trockenbeerenauslese
56:improve this article
2680:Yeast in winemaking
2632:Carbonic maceration
1524:The Prohibition Era
1383:§ 11. PrÀdikatswein
1085:California wineries
945:Verduzzo Trevigiano
237:) and Candia (from
2670:Traditional method
2471:Wine personalities
2175:Cabernet Sauvignon
1660:2010-10-05 at the
1401:2011-07-18 at the
1059:Dominican Republic
1016:system like other
907:Bassano del Grappa
844:Refrontolo passito
836:Refrontolo passito
724:
536:and the red grape
515:
221:times and in late
156:
148:
140:
2807:
2806:
2801:
2800:
2571:Late harvest wine
2521:
2520:
2258:
2257:
2155:Alicante Bouschet
1903:Judgment of Paris
1534:978-1-4381-0437-9
1169:Sweetness of wine
1164:Late harvest wine
1040:amphorae (called
941:Verduzzo Friulano
933:Verduzzo Friulano
917:Ramandolo passito
638:mentioned below.
132:
131:
124:
106:
16:(Redirected from
2852:
2820:Wine terminology
2792:
2791:
2548:
2541:
2534:
2525:
2524:
2500:
2499:
2415:Proteins in wine
2082:GrĂŒner Veltliner
2030:
2029:
1785:
1778:
1771:
1762:
1761:
1743:
1742:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1701:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1671:
1665:
1652:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1627:
1621:
1619:
1604:
1598:
1597:
1596:on 21 June 2010.
1592:. Archived from
1582:
1576:
1564:
1558:
1545:
1539:
1538:
1518:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1488:
1482:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1449:. Archived from
1447:detrafford.co.za
1439:
1430:
1414:
1408:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1380:
1373:
1364:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1339:. Archived from
1333:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1303:
1297:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1233:on 7 August 2011
1218:
1212:
1211:
1199:
1189:
1099:, one from 100%
1033:Castile and Leon
864:Recioto di Soave
571:
346:'The Last Straw'
326:Strait of Sicily
127:
120:
116:
113:
107:
105:
64:
40:
32:
21:
2860:
2859:
2855:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2850:
2849:
2835:Noble rot wines
2810:
2809:
2808:
2803:
2802:
2797:
2794:Wine portal
2786:
2779:
2770:History of wine
2728:
2712:
2684:
2636:
2618:
2599:Deacidification
2585:
2557:
2552:
2522:
2517:
2502:Wine portal
2494:
2485:
2424:
2386:
2291:
2281:
2254:
2141:
2122:Sauvignon blanc
2057:Cayetana blanca
2025:
2023:grape varieties
2016:
1909:
1837:
1794:
1789:
1754:
1732:
1727:
1717:
1715:
1703:
1702:
1698:
1688:
1686:
1679:ravineswine.com
1673:
1672:
1668:
1662:Wayback Machine
1653:
1649:
1639:
1637:
1629:
1628:
1624:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1584:
1583:
1579:
1574:Wayback Machine
1565:
1561:
1555:Wayback Machine
1546:
1542:
1535:
1519:
1515:
1505:
1503:
1492:"Pedro Ximénez"
1490:
1489:
1485:
1479:Wayback Machine
1470:
1466:
1456:
1454:
1453:on 3 March 2016
1441:
1440:
1433:
1428:Wayback Machine
1415:
1411:
1403:Wayback Machine
1393:
1389:
1378:
1371:
1366:
1365:
1356:
1346:
1344:
1335:
1334:
1330:
1320:
1318:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1294:Wayback Machine
1286:italianmade.com
1280:
1276:
1266:
1264:
1251:
1250:
1246:
1236:
1234:
1219:
1215:
1208:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1155:
1146:
1073:
1061:
1000:
984:
953:
767: : 40-70%
761:
755:
746:
730:
713:
707:east of Genoa.
693:
597:Knights Templar
577:
565:
560:, it is called
522:ripest vintages
507:
476:
456:
354:
352:Austria/Germany
338:
293:Pliny the Elder
260:Excavations in
215:
128:
117:
111:
108:
65:
63:
53:
41:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2858:
2848:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2805:
2804:
2799:
2798:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2736:
2734:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2726:
2720:
2718:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2694:
2692:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2660:Sugars in wine
2657:
2652:
2646:
2644:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2628:
2626:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2616:
2611:
2609:Chaptalization
2606:
2601:
2595:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2567:
2565:
2559:
2558:
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2528:
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2490:
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2486:
2484:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2436:Classification
2432:
2430:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2422:
2420:Sugars in wine
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2396:
2394:
2392:Wine chemistry
2388:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2367:Wine dispenser
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
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2283:
2282:
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2274:
2268:
2266:
2260:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2252:
2247:
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2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2170:Cabernet Franc
2167:
2162:
2157:
2151:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2139:
2137:Welschriesling
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2092:MĂŒller-Thurgau
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2038:
2036:
2027:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2014:
2013:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1983:
1982:
1981:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1944:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1907:
1906:
1905:
1895:
1890:
1889:
1888:
1878:
1877:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1859:Ancient Greece
1856:
1847:
1845:
1839:
1838:
1836:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1804:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1788:
1787:
1780:
1773:
1765:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1740:
1739:
1731:
1730:External links
1728:
1726:
1725:
1696:
1666:
1647:
1622:
1599:
1577:
1559:
1540:
1533:
1513:
1483:
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1431:
1409:
1387:
1354:
1343:on 13 May 2008
1328:
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1206:
1183:
1181:
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1177:
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1166:
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1145:
1142:
1109:Grenache blanc
1072:
1069:
1065:Caballo Blanco
1060:
1057:
1027:, province of
1025:Pedro Bernardo
999:
996:
983:
980:
952:
949:
870:grape used in
757:Main article:
754:
751:
745:
742:
712:
709:
692:
689:
576:
573:
506:
503:
475:
474:Czech Republic
472:
455:
452:
442:The Strohwein
353:
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334:
251:Northern Italy
214:
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44:
42:
35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2405:Acids in wine
2403:
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2400:Aroma of wine
2398:
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2265:
2264:Major regions
2261:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2220:Montepulciano
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
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2110:
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1612:CellarTracker
1609:
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1207:0-12-169101-2
1203:
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1110:
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1090:
1086:
1081:
1078:
1071:United States
1068:
1066:
1056:
1054:
1050:
1045:
1043:
1038:
1037:Uva Ligeruela
1034:
1030:
1026:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1010:Pedro Ximénez
1007:
1005:
1004:vino de pasas
995:
993:
989:
979:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
948:
946:
942:
938:
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926:
922:
918:
914:
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822:
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812:
808:
807:
802:
798:
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790:
786:
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778:
774:
770:
766:
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750:
741:
739:
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729:
721:
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682:
679:
678:
673:
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629:
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581:
575:Greece/Cyprus
572:
569:
563:
559:
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551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
526:Cotes du Jura
523:
519:
518:Vin de Paille
513:Vin de Paille
511:
502:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
471:
469:
465:
461:
451:
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436:
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429:
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418:Beerenauslese
414:
410:
405:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
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373:PrÀdikatswein
369:
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331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
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270:Mediterranean
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104:
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94:
90:
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83:
80:
76:
73: â
72:
68:
67:Find sources:
61:
57:
51:
50:
45:This article
43:
39:
34:
33:
30:
19:
2840:Italian wine
2785:
2642:Fermentation
2493:
2476:Wine tasting
2097:Muscat blanc
2067:Chenin blanc
1977:
1864:Ancient Rome
1716:. Retrieved
1707:
1699:
1687:. Retrieved
1678:
1669:
1650:
1638:. Retrieved
1634:
1625:
1611:
1602:
1594:the original
1589:
1580:
1562:
1543:
1523:
1516:
1504:. Retrieved
1496:Sherry Wines
1495:
1486:
1467:
1455:. Retrieved
1451:the original
1446:
1416:
1412:
1394:
1390:
1382:
1376:the original
1345:. Retrieved
1341:the original
1331:
1319:. Retrieved
1310:
1301:
1285:
1277:
1265:. Retrieved
1256:
1247:
1235:. Retrieved
1231:the original
1226:
1216:
1195:
1187:
1159:Dessert wine
1147:
1139:
1136:
1132:
1125:
1113:Sine Qua Non
1082:
1074:
1064:
1062:
1053:Ribeiro (DO)
1049:viño tostado
1048:
1046:
1022:
1008:
1003:
1001:
992:Chenin blanc
987:
985:
982:South Africa
967:
956:SlamovĂ© vĂno
955:
954:
916:
915:
890:
889:
875:
863:
862:
853:Don Giovanni
851:
835:
834:
823:
818:
804:
780:
765:Valpolicella
762:
747:
732:
731:
705:Cinque terre
700:
696:
694:
684:
683:
675:
667:
666:
641:
640:
625:
614:
613:
603:and the red
585:
584:
579:
578:
561:
517:
516:
490:
479:SlĂĄmovĂ© vĂno
478:
477:
457:
443:
441:
437:
426:
416:
407:The minimum
406:
397:
385:
378:dessert wine
371:
360:
356:
355:
339:
332:used to be.
322:muscat grape
310:passerillage
303:
298:
278:
259:
216:
184:
180:
172:
162:
158:
157:
118:
109:
99:
92:
85:
78:
71:"Straw wine"
66:
54:Please help
49:verification
46:
29:
2845:French wine
2825:Wine styles
2745:Wine bottle
2717:Other steps
2708:Wine cellar
2665:SĂŒssreserve
2357:Wine cellar
2347:Wine bottle
2288:accessories
2286:Packaging,
2245:Tempranillo
1874:Noah's wine
1854:Phoenicians
1800:Viticulture
1655:Bill SB1676
1227:Kathimerini
1121:Napa Valley
1093:Paso Robles
1077:Prohibition
964:Slovak wine
887:of Verona.
858:W.A. Mozart
589:Commandaria
548:, and from
413:degrees KMW
409:must weight
314:Pantelleria
274:Commandaria
255:French Alps
227:Renaissance
187:white wines
163:raisin wine
2814:Categories
2624:Maceration
2614:Wine press
2604:Destemming
2555:Winemaking
2461:Wine fraud
2456:Wine fault
2441:Oenophilia
2377:Wine label
2372:Wine glass
2337:Port tongs
2235:Sangiovese
2230:Pinot noir
2190:Douce noir
2117:Rkatsiteli
2062:Chardonnay
2052:Catarratto
2026:by acreage
2000:Biodynamic
1963:Aromatized
1752:winemaking
1180:References
976:sub-region
927:closed to
911:Valdastico
775:and 5-25%
773:Rondinella
726:See also:
616:Monemvasia
562:Vin paillé
530:Chardonnay
495:sub-region
487:Czech wine
361:Schilfwein
159:Straw wine
82:newspapers
2576:Noble rot
2466:Winemaker
2446:Sommelier
2382:Wine rack
2362:Wine cork
2352:Wine cave
2342:Screw cap
2312:Corkscrew
2277:New World
2272:Old World
2250:Zinfandel
2225:MourvĂšdre
2132:Trebbiano
2072:Colombard
1973:Noble rot
1953:Fortified
1931:Sparkling
1898:New World
1174:Vin Santo
1101:MourvĂšdre
1097:Roussanne
891:Torcolato
881:panettone
868:Garganega
848:Marzemino
826:chocolate
815:noble rot
771:, 20-40%
733:Vin Santo
728:Vin Santo
654:Assyrtiko
650:Santorini
642:Santorini
628:Assyrtiko
601:Xynisteri
568:foie gras
546:Hermitage
368:wine term
357:Strohwein
336:Australia
289:Columella
266:Neolithic
191:Sauternes
176:raisining
2830:Oenology
2591:Pressing
2513:Glossary
2429:Industry
2322:Jug wine
2317:Decanter
2307:Box wine
2205:Isabella
2200:Grenache
2180:Carignan
2127:SĂ©millon
2112:Riesling
2107:Palomino
1850:Ancient
1833:Vineyard
1828:Veraison
1813:Oenology
1712:Archived
1683:Archived
1658:Archived
1616:Archived
1570:Archived
1551:Archived
1500:Archived
1475:Archived
1424:Archived
1399:Archived
1315:Archived
1290:Archived
1261:Archived
1153:See also
1117:SĂ©millon
1105:Viognier
1018:sherries
951:Slovakia
909:and the
899:Breganze
893:is also
840:Prosecco
819:Botrytis
811:Botrytis
777:Molinara
749:Caluso.
744:Piedmont
738:Cantucci
720:Cantucci
701:rasinate
646:Vinsanto
621:Malvasia
609:NĂ©grette
550:Riesling
542:Marsanne
538:Poulsard
534:Savagnin
468:Dalmatia
444:PrÀdikat
423:wine law
396:, while
365:Austrian
330:Carthage
253:and the
223:Medieval
112:May 2022
2775:Terroir
2733:Related
2581:Vintage
2563:Harvest
2508:Outline
2332:Muselet
2294:storage
2185:Cinsaut
2160:Barbera
2087:Macabeo
2047:Aligoté
2005:Organic
1995:Natural
1948:Dessert
1893:Georgia
1843:History
1823:Terroir
1818:Species
1282:Article
1237:3 April
1144:Denmark
958:is the
937:Picolit
895:passito
885:Pandoro
793:ripasso
785:Amarone
769:Corvina
759:Amarone
711:Tuscany
697:passito
685:Liastos
580:Liastos
558:CorrĂšze
481:is the
460:Croatia
454:Croatia
448:Germany
433:pressed
370:in the
318:Zibibbo
264:on the
231:Malmsey
213:History
203:Amarone
165:, is a
96:scholar
18:Passito
2740:Winery
2703:Solera
2327:Kvevri
2215:Merlot
2210:Malbec
2010:Kosher
1986:Other
1941:Orange
1914:Styles
1881:France
1718:2 June
1689:2 June
1640:2 June
1531:
1506:9 June
1457:2 June
1347:22 May
1321:2 June
1267:2 June
1204:
1042:tinaja
1014:solera
960:Slovak
921:Friuli
903:Brenta
789:pomace
753:Veneto
662:Athiri
658:Aidani
636:Athiri
632:Aidani
586:Cyprus
554:Alsace
505:France
464:ProĆĄek
400:means
398:Schilf
390:German
382:grapes
363:is an
306:Passum
281:Hesiod
262:Cyprus
247:Cyprus
243:Sicily
235:Greece
199:Verona
195:ageing
98:
91:
84:
77:
69:
2690:Aging
2240:Syrah
2195:Gamay
2165:Bobal
2077:Glera
2042:Airén
2034:White
1990:Table
1978:Straw
1968:Fruit
1926:White
1869:China
1748:Wines
1379:(PDF)
1372:(PDF)
1091:, in
1083:Some
1029:Ăvila
998:Spain
929:Udine
925:Nimis
876:recie
872:Soave
830:cocoa
691:Italy
672:Samos
668:Samos
605:Mavro
556:. In
483:Czech
394:straw
386:Stroh
316:from
239:Crete
219:Roman
161:, or
103:JSTOR
89:books
2292:and
2021:Top
1936:Rosé
1792:Wine
1750:and
1720:2017
1691:2017
1642:2017
1529:ISBN
1508:2017
1459:2017
1349:2008
1323:2017
1269:2017
1239:2007
1202:ISBN
943:and
883:and
660:and
634:and
402:reed
392:for
291:and
167:wine
75:news
2698:Oak
2147:Red
1958:Ice
1921:Red
1284:on
931:by
856:of
552:in
544:in
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388:is
359:or
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