478:
373:
434:
395:
610:
696:
894:
500:
718:
456:
588:
544:
522:
632:
1082:
828:
40:
566:
319:
850:
62:
806:
784:
960:
916:
762:
872:
740:
982:
938:
1026:
654:
1148:
sparrows build an untidy nest, which, depending on species and nest site availability, may be in a bush or tree, a natural hole in a tree, in a building or in thatch, or in the fabric of the nest of species such as the
477:
1041:
These sparrows are plump little brown or greyish birds, often with black, yellow or white markings. Typically 10–20 centimetres (3.9–7.9 in) long, they range in size from the
843:
Middle East, Eurasia and parts of North Africa. Introduced in subarctic North
America, southern South America, southern Africa, eastern Australia, New Zealand and Hawaii
372:
4530:
272:, two of the most common birds in the world. They are small birds with thick bills for eating seeds, and are mostly coloured grey or brown. Native to the
4173:
1594:
Päckert, Martin; Hering, Jens; Belkacem, Abdelkrim Ait; Sun, Yue-Hua; Hille, Sabine; Lkhagvasuren, Davaa; Islam, Safiqul; Martens, Jochen (31 May 2021).
647:
southeastern Tibet, Bhutan, Sikkim, Nepal, Uttarakhand, and
Himachal Pradesh to Kashmir and Nuristan in Afghanistan, as well as China, Korea, and Japan
5087:
4485:
4550:
4418:
2282:
4860:
4826:
1109:. Apart from this natural colonisation, the house sparrow has been introduced to many parts of the world outside its natural range, including the
5161:
5141:
4949:
4364:
4193:
433:
5114:
4458:
2172:
5672:
4969:
4722:
2413:
2358:
2138:
5258:
4908:
4577:
4384:
4204:
3941:
3183:
1101:. Evolutionary studies suggest the genus originated in Africa. Several species have adapted to human habitation, and this has enabled the
4438:
2834:
4688:
1291:
1105:
in particular, in close association with humans, to extend its
Eurasian range well beyond what was probably its original home in the
5620:
1153:. The clutch of up to eight eggs is incubated by both parents typically for 12–14 days, with another 14–24 more days to fledging.
5646:
2050:
1570:
1504:
1462:
1430:
1405:
1299:
5651:
1650:
1515:
1285:
394:
449:
eastern Africa from South Sudan, southern
Ethiopia, and north-western Somalia to northern Uganda and north-western Kenya
1227:
Ornithologie, ou, Méthode contenant la division des oiseaux en ordres, sections, genres, especes & leurs variétés
609:
5721:
5599:
5677:
5612:
5581:
1421:
Groschupf, Kathleen (2001). "Old World
Sparrows". In Elphick, Chris; Dunning, John B. Jr.; Sibley, David (eds.).
669:
Temperate
Eurasia and Southeast Asia. Introduced in Sardinia, eastern Indonesia, the Philippines, Micronesia,
5659:
695:
893:
1919:
1825:
1805:
1172:
593:
505:
2002:
1196:
5542:
5529:
1929:
499:
5547:
1315:
1449:
Summers-Smith, J. D. (1990). "Changes in distribution and habitat utilisation by members of the genus
5726:
5687:
2043:
717:
455:
1643:
1221:
821:
northern and central Italy, Corsica, and small parts of France, Switzerland, Austria, and
Slovenia
292:
140:
61:
2012:
2007:
1934:
587:
20:
1057:), at 18 centimetres (7.1 in) and 42 grams (1.5 oz). They have strong, stubby conical
543:
5713:
5482:
1982:
1964:
1954:
1850:
1543:
1034:
943:
1587:
5708:
2787:
2754:
1840:
1815:
1810:
1122:
1050:
659:
571:
527:
327:
269:
5700:
1270:
A List of the Genera of Birds : with an
Indication of the Typical Species of Each Genus
5759:
2036:
2028:
1861:
1845:
1835:
1790:
1754:
1562:
1086:
1009:
965:
921:
723:
670:
521:
439:
1628:
1230:(in French and Latin). Vol. 1. Paris: Jean-Baptiste Bauche. p. 36, Pl. 1 fig. 6.
8:
5754:
1775:
1636:
745:
631:
1924:
1617:
1548:
1349:
1264:
1114:
1014:
184:
56:
5695:
5555:
1959:
1659:
1621:
1566:
1524:
1500:
1458:
1426:
1401:
1295:
1003:
Besides these living species, there are questionable fossils from as long ago as the
257:
123:
1081:
5520:
4738:
4539:
4056:
4022:
2208:
2017:
1855:
1785:
1760:
1663:
1607:
1319:
1253:. Vol. 15. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 8.
1093:
Most of its members are found naturally in open habitats in the warmer climates of
1042:
987:
417:
400:
5586:
5560:
5749:
5456:
5386:
4566:
3412:
3152:
3069:
2944:
2707:
2696:
2312:
1820:
1770:
1733:
1728:
811:
789:
767:
733:
Myanmar to central
Vietnam, and south to the western part of Peninsular Malaysia
674:
549:
335:
237:
226:
5664:
1532:
1268:
1248:
1225:
565:
5607:
5594:
5435:
5421:
5407:
5393:
5295:
5240:
5177:
5006:
4917:
4494:
4447:
4038:
3847:
3826:
3596:
3462:
3455:
2920:
2903:
2896:
2537:
2530:
2523:
2436:
2298:
2264:
1945:
1881:
1830:
1748:
1743:
1718:
1558:
1160:
899:
855:
701:
637:
318:
5534:
1323:
1125:
has also been artificially introduced on a smaller scale, with populations in
849:
827:
5743:
5414:
5323:
5198:
5048:
4978:
4890:
4869:
4752:
4332:
4304:
4096:
4065:
3875:
3789:
3630:
3504:
3421:
3401:
3394:
3313:
3302:
3281:
3166:
3121:
2716:
2662:
2471:
2243:
1780:
1765:
1723:
1698:
1528:
1168:
1102:
1062:
1030:
1004:
833:
783:
483:
461:
331:
300:
265:
163:
157:
39:
959:
5505:
5442:
5358:
5302:
5267:
5226:
5170:
5130:
5041:
5013:
4938:
4883:
4876:
4842:
4835:
4759:
4663:
4593:
4559:
4262:
4234:
3990:
3976:
3910:
3757:
3708:
3659:
3612:
3490:
3432:
3366:
3333:
3265:
3241:
3223:
3131:
3107:
3097:
3090:
3038:
2972:
2858:
2824:
2799:
2736:
2457:
2319:
2229:
1899:
1800:
1795:
1738:
1049:), at 11.4 centimetres (4.5 in) and 13.4 grams (0.47 oz), to the
877:
615:
378:
296:
149:
48:
915:
5633:
5514:
5365:
5351:
5344:
5288:
5233:
5219:
5076:
5069:
5020:
4999:
4985:
4958:
4924:
4897:
4745:
4731:
4642:
4407:
4373:
4290:
4283:
4276:
4227:
4213:
4105:
4076:
4011:
3924:
3861:
3743:
3729:
3701:
3687:
3673:
3639:
3605:
3536:
3483:
3469:
3441:
3378:
3322:
3214:
3138:
3076:
3062:
2986:
2965:
2808:
2687:
2648:
2641:
2578:
2485:
2443:
2374:
2347:
2340:
2222:
2199:
2161:
2129:
2117:
2102:
2060:
1612:
1596:"A revised multilocus phylogeny of Old World sparrows (Aves: Passeridae)"
1595:
1150:
1106:
805:
1065:
and blunter tips. All species have calls similar to the house sparrow's
871:
761:
5625:
5379:
5309:
5281:
5150:
5103:
5062:
5055:
4849:
4815:
4780:
4766:
4670:
4649:
4635:
4586:
4518:
4427:
4400:
4353:
4297:
4183:
4116:
4031:
3997:
3931:
3882:
3840:
3819:
3805:
3680:
3666:
3619:
3576:
3511:
3476:
3448:
3203:
3145:
3052:
2958:
2889:
2882:
2872:
2676:
2627:
2606:
2599:
2592:
2585:
2558:
2509:
2500:
2478:
2422:
2402:
2388:
2326:
2291:
2271:
2257:
2215:
1993:
1244:
5638:
5568:
5247:
5191:
5184:
5096:
5027:
4992:
4794:
4787:
4697:
4656:
4628:
4614:
4600:
4474:
4346:
4339:
4311:
4248:
4149:
4085:
4045:
4004:
3969:
3955:
3896:
3868:
3854:
3812:
3798:
3778:
3771:
3736:
3722:
3715:
3694:
3650:
3556:
3497:
3387:
3295:
3250:
3193:
3173:
3045:
3014:
2979:
2927:
2865:
2851:
2613:
2569:
2305:
2250:
2188:
2096:
1126:
1118:
273:
113:
73:
5476:
1073:
call, and some, though not the house sparrow, have elaborate songs.
981:
739:
5573:
5499:
5449:
5428:
5372:
5316:
5212:
5123:
5034:
4801:
4773:
4621:
4325:
4318:
4269:
4220:
3983:
3917:
3903:
3750:
3545:
3288:
3230:
3114:
3083:
3000:
2934:
2913:
2727:
2634:
2551:
2516:
2464:
2450:
2429:
2381:
2236:
2181:
2154:
2078:
1910:
1134:
1130:
1110:
682:
678:
339:
93:
937:
799:
Mediterranean region, Macaronesia and south-west and central Asia
5400:
5337:
5274:
4931:
4808:
4711:
4607:
4467:
4393:
4255:
4241:
3948:
3833:
3764:
3585:
3518:
3159:
3028:
2993:
2951:
2844:
2817:
2655:
2367:
2333:
2147:
2090:
1681:
1175:
scavenge for food around cities, and are almost omnivorous. Most
1098:
1025:
997:
Middle East and another in western
Afghanistan and eastern Iran
4704:
4677:
3962:
3274:
3021:
2669:
2620:
2072:
1164:
1094:
653:
83:
388:
central coast of Angola to eastern South Africa and Swaziland
5330:
5205:
3889:
3525:
3007:
2743:
2395:
2084:
1673:
953:
south west Arabia and also the coast of Somalia and Djibouti
312:
285:
19:
This article is about the sparrow genus. For other uses, see
2058:
1396:
Bledsoe, A. H.; Payne, R. B. (1991). Forshaw, Joseph (ed.).
1658:
1457:. Warszawa: Pánstwowe Wydawnictom Naukowe. pp. 11–29.
1058:
686:
103:
1395:
276:, some species have been introduced throughout the world.
1179:
species are gregarious and will form substantial flocks.
1593:
1499:. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
4189:
4179:
4169:
3937:
3199:
3189:
3179:
3127:
3103:
3058:
3034:
2940:
2909:
2878:
2840:
2830:
1314:
1290:. London, United Kingdom: Christopher Helm. p.
1547:
1495:Clement, Peter; Harris, Alan; Davis, John (1993).
1494:
1383:
1167:especially when breeding. A few species, like the
1453:". In Pinowski, J.; Summers-Smith, J. D. (eds.).
264:. The genus contains 28 species and includes the
5741:
865:northern Somalia, Djibouti, Ethiopia and Kenya.
1455:Granivorous birds in the agricultural landscape
1444:
1442:
603:Angola and Zambia southwards into South Africa
1471:
1425:. London: Christopher Helm. pp. 562–564.
2044:
1644:
1542:
1497:Finches and Sparrows: an Identification Guide
1477:
1448:
1439:
1379:
1377:
1287:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
1243:
1517:Cenozoic Birds of the World, Part 1: Europe
1423:The Sibley Guide to Bird Life and Behaviour
2786:
2051:
2037:
1651:
1637:
1324:"Old World sparrows, snowfinches, weavers"
38:
1611:
1513:
1420:
1374:
1368:
1350:"Taxonomic Updates – IOC World Bird List"
1273:. London: R. and J.E. Taylor. p. 46.
1400:. London: Merehurst Press. p. 222.
1239:
1237:
1080:
1024:
317:
1283:
1220:
777:islands of Socotra, Samhah, and Darsah
755:Abd al Kuri in the Socotra archipelago
291:was introduced by the French zoologist
5742:
1247:; Greenway, James C. Jr, eds. (1962).
1159:sparrows are primarily ground-feeding
5481:
5480:
4516:
4147:
3364:
2785:
2115:
2032:
1632:
1330:. International Ornithologists' Union
1234:
5688:65131725-8957-4f51-acea-81f76c1cd269
5613:666f45db-a07a-4954-a7ec-bd9c4de30d76
1263:
677:in Australia and the U.S. states of
1550:The Sparrows: a study of the genus
299:was subsequently designated as the
13:
1308:
1277:
1189:
625:Indus valley region in South Asia
338:, feeding on grain in the town of
14:
5771:
1581:
1203:. The Trust for Avian Systematics
1163:, though they also consume small
909:Sahara Desert of northern Africa
3365:
1384:Clement, Harris & Davis 1993
1328:IOC World Bird List Version 11.1
1250:Check-list of birds of the world
980:
958:
936:
914:
892:
870:
848:
826:
804:
782:
760:
738:
716:
694:
652:
630:
608:
586:
564:
542:
520:
498:
476:
454:
432:
393:
371:
60:
2116:
1590:on the Internet Bird Collection
1414:
1398:Encyclopaedia of Animals: Birds
1389:
1076:
351:The genus contains 28 species:
4517:
2061:finches, sparrows and tanagers
1362:
1342:
1257:
1214:
1020:
1:
4148:
1182:
1920:Yellow-throated bush sparrow
1826:Southern grey-headed sparrow
1806:Northern grey-headed sparrow
1173:northern grey-headed sparrow
1140:
931:Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan
594:Southern grey-headed sparrow
559:southern Kenya and Tanzania
506:Northern grey-headed sparrow
410:Darfur in Sudan to Tanzania
7:
1930:Yellow-spotted bush sparrow
1561:. Calton, Staffs, England:
279:
10:
5776:
1284:Jobling, James A. (2010).
887:archipelago of Cape Verde
346:
18:
5489:
5257:
5160:
5140:
5113:
5086:
4968:
4948:
4907:
4859:
4825:
4721:
4687:
4576:
4549:
4529:
4525:
4512:
4484:
4457:
4437:
4417:
4383:
4363:
4203:
4160:
4156:
4143:
4115:
4095:
4075:
4055:
4021:
3788:
3649:
3629:
3595:
3575:
3555:
3535:
3431:
3411:
3377:
3373:
3360:
3332:
3312:
3264:
3240:
3213:
2807:
2798:
2794:
2781:
2753:
2726:
2706:
2686:
2568:
2499:
2412:
2357:
2281:
2198:
2171:
2137:
2128:
2124:
2111:
2067:
1991:
1973:
1943:
1908:
1890:
1871:
1707:
1689:
1671:
1222:Brisson, Mathurin Jacques
1089:near the Red Sea in Sudan
190:
183:
176:
171:
155:
148:
57:Scientific classification
55:
46:
37:
30:
1514:Mlíkovský, Jiří (2002).
293:Mathurin Jacques Brisson
2008:Rufous-necked snowfinch
1935:Yellow-throated sparrow
1544:Summers-Smith, J. Denis
1322:, eds. (January 2021).
21:Passer (disambiguation)
2788:Nine-primaried oscines
2755:Nine-primaried oscines
2003:Père David's snowfinch
1983:White-rumped snowfinch
1965:Black-winged snowfinch
1955:White-winged snowfinch
1851:Arabian golden sparrow
1137:in the United States.
1090:
1038:
1035:Marakele National Park
944:Arabian golden sparrow
343:
334:, and female house or
326:sparrows containing a
5709:Paleobiology Database
1841:Eurasian tree sparrow
1816:Parrot-billed sparrow
1563:T. & A. D. Poyser
1123:Eurasian tree sparrow
1087:Sudan golden sparrows
1084:
1051:parrot-billed sparrow
1028:
795:Passer hispaniolensis
660:Eurasian tree sparrow
572:Parrot-billed sparrow
427:South Sudan and Chad
328:Eurasian tree sparrow
321:
270:Eurasian tree sparrow
5608:Fauna Europaea (new)
2013:Blanford's snowfinch
1862:Passer predomesticus
1846:Sudan golden sparrow
1755:Plain-backed sparrow
1613:10.3897/vz.71.e65952
1201:aviansystematics.org
1010:Passer predomesticus
966:Sudan golden sparrow
861:Passer castanopterus
724:Plain-backed sparrow
537:northeastern Africa
315:word for "sparrow."
260:, also known as the
1776:Abd al-Kuri sparrow
1751:or cinnamon sparrow
1265:Gray, George Robert
975:sub-Saharan Africa
746:Abd al-Kuri sparrow
471:Kenya and Tanzania
423:Passer cordofanicus
158:Fringilla domestica
4531:Catamblyrhynchinae
1925:Sahel bush sparrow
1811:Swainson's sparrow
1660:Old World sparrows
1600:Vertebrate Zoology
1480:, pp. 253–255
1478:Summers-Smith 1988
1318:; Donsker, David;
1115:sub-Saharan Africa
1091:
1055:Passer gongonensis
1039:
1015:Middle Pleistocene
643:Passer cinnamomeus
621:Passer pyrrhonotus
577:Passer gongonensis
528:Swainson's sparrow
467:Passer rufocinctus
344:
5737:
5736:
5696:Open Tree of Life
5483:Taxon identifiers
5474:
5473:
5470:
5469:
5466:
5465:
4508:
4507:
4504:
4503:
4139:
4138:
4135:
4134:
3356:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3260:
3259:
2777:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2495:
2494:
2026:
2025:
1960:Tibetan snowfinch
1836:Zarudny's sparrow
1791:Shelley's sparrow
1572:978-0-85661-048-6
1557:. illustrated by
1506:978-0-691-03424-9
1464:978-83-01-08460-8
1432:978-0-7136-6250-4
1407:978-1-85391-186-6
1320:Rasmussen, Pamela
1301:978-1-4081-2501-4
1001:
1000:
993:Passer moabiticus
922:Zarudny's sparrow
839:Passer domesticus
751:Passer hemileucus
707:Passer ammodendri
555:Passer suahelicus
533:Passer swainsonii
489:Passer motitensis
440:Shelley's sparrow
322:A mixed group of
305:Passer domesticus
249:
248:
241:
230:
219:
211:
203:
144:
5767:
5730:
5729:
5717:
5716:
5704:
5703:
5691:
5690:
5681:
5680:
5668:
5667:
5665:NHMSYS0000530536
5655:
5654:
5642:
5641:
5629:
5628:
5616:
5615:
5603:
5602:
5590:
5589:
5577:
5576:
5564:
5563:
5551:
5550:
5538:
5537:
5525:
5524:
5523:
5510:
5509:
5508:
5478:
5477:
5088:Porphyrospizinae
4540:Catamblyrhynchus
4527:
4526:
4514:
4513:
4486:Xanthocephalinae
4191:
4181:
4171:
4158:
4157:
4145:
4144:
4057:Rhodinocichlidae
4023:Phaenicophilidae
3939:
3375:
3374:
3362:
3361:
3201:
3191:
3181:
3129:
3105:
3060:
3036:
2942:
2911:
2880:
2842:
2832:
2805:
2804:
2796:
2795:
2783:
2782:
2135:
2134:
2126:
2125:
2113:
2112:
2053:
2046:
2039:
2030:
2029:
2018:Afghan snowfinch
1856:Chestnut sparrow
1786:Kordofan sparrow
1761:Dead Sea sparrow
1653:
1646:
1639:
1630:
1629:
1625:
1615:
1576:
1556:
1539:
1538:on 11 June 2007.
1537:
1531:. Archived from
1522:
1510:
1481:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1446:
1437:
1436:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1393:
1387:
1381:
1372:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1356:
1346:
1340:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1312:
1306:
1305:
1281:
1275:
1274:
1261:
1255:
1254:
1241:
1232:
1231:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1209:
1208:
1193:
1043:chestnut sparrow
988:Dead Sea sparrow
984:
962:
949:Passer euchlorus
940:
918:
896:
883:Passer iagoensis
874:
852:
830:
808:
786:
773:Passer insularis
764:
742:
729:Passer flaveolus
720:
698:
656:
634:
612:
590:
568:
546:
524:
515:tropical Africa
502:
493:southern Africa
480:
458:
436:
418:Kordofan sparrow
401:Chestnut sparrow
397:
384:Passer melanurus
375:
354:
353:
336:Spanish sparrows
236:
225:
217:
209:
201:
139:
65:
64:
42:
28:
27:
5775:
5774:
5770:
5769:
5768:
5766:
5765:
5764:
5740:
5739:
5738:
5733:
5725:
5720:
5712:
5707:
5699:
5694:
5686:
5684:
5676:
5671:
5663:
5658:
5650:
5645:
5637:
5632:
5624:
5619:
5611:
5606:
5598:
5593:
5585:
5580:
5572:
5567:
5559:
5554:
5546:
5541:
5533:
5528:
5519:
5518:
5513:
5504:
5503:
5498:
5485:
5475:
5462:
5457:Wetmorethraupis
5387:Poecilostreptus
5253:
5156:
5136:
5109:
5082:
4964:
4944:
4903:
4855:
4821:
4717:
4683:
4572:
4567:Parkerthraustes
4551:Charitospizinae
4545:
4521:
4500:
4480:
4453:
4433:
4419:Dolichonychinae
4413:
4379:
4359:
4199:
4152:
4131:
4111:
4091:
4071:
4051:
4017:
3784:
3645:
3625:
3591:
3571:
3551:
3531:
3427:
3413:Calyptophilidae
3407:
3369:
3348:
3328:
3308:
3256:
3236:
3209:
3153:Rhynchostruthus
2945:Dysmorodrepanis
2790:
2769:
2749:
2722:
2708:Urocynchramidae
2702:
2682:
2564:
2491:
2408:
2353:
2283:Lagonostictinae
2277:
2194:
2167:
2120:
2107:
2063:
2057:
2027:
2022:
1987:
1969:
1939:
1904:
1886:
1875:
1867:
1821:Swahili sparrow
1771:Socotra sparrow
1757:or Pegu sparrow
1734:Italian sparrow
1729:Spanish sparrow
1703:
1685:
1667:
1657:
1584:
1579:
1573:
1535:
1523:. Ninox Press.
1520:
1507:
1485:
1484:
1476:
1472:
1465:
1447:
1440:
1433:
1419:
1415:
1408:
1394:
1390:
1382:
1375:
1367:
1363:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1333:
1331:
1313:
1309:
1302:
1282:
1278:
1262:
1258:
1242:
1235:
1219:
1215:
1206:
1204:
1195:
1194:
1190:
1185:
1143:
1129:and locally in
1079:
1047:Passer eminibey
1023:
927:Passer zarudnyi
812:Italian sparrow
790:Spanish sparrow
768:Socotra sparrow
675:New South Wales
665:Passer montanus
599:Passer diffusus
581:eastern Africa
550:Swahili sparrow
445:Passer shelleyi
406:Passer eminibey
363:Scientific name
349:
282:
245:
244:
218:Bonaparte, 1851
210:Bonaparte, 1850
194:
167:
161:
138:
59:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5773:
5763:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5735:
5734:
5732:
5731:
5718:
5705:
5692:
5682:
5669:
5656:
5643:
5630:
5617:
5604:
5595:Fauna Europaea
5591:
5578:
5565:
5552:
5539:
5526:
5511:
5495:
5493:
5487:
5486:
5472:
5471:
5468:
5467:
5464:
5463:
5461:
5460:
5453:
5446:
5439:
5432:
5425:
5422:Stephanophorus
5418:
5411:
5408:Schistochlamys
5404:
5397:
5394:Pseudosaltator
5390:
5383:
5376:
5369:
5362:
5355:
5348:
5341:
5334:
5327:
5320:
5313:
5306:
5299:
5296:Chalcothraupis
5292:
5285:
5278:
5271:
5263:
5261:
5255:
5254:
5252:
5251:
5244:
5241:Trichothraupis
5237:
5230:
5223:
5216:
5209:
5202:
5195:
5188:
5181:
5178:Coryphospingus
5174:
5166:
5164:
5158:
5157:
5155:
5154:
5146:
5144:
5138:
5137:
5135:
5134:
5127:
5119:
5117:
5111:
5110:
5108:
5107:
5100:
5092:
5090:
5084:
5083:
5081:
5080:
5073:
5066:
5059:
5052:
5045:
5038:
5031:
5024:
5017:
5010:
5007:Kleinothraupis
5003:
4996:
4989:
4982:
4974:
4972:
4966:
4965:
4963:
4962:
4954:
4952:
4946:
4945:
4943:
4942:
4935:
4928:
4921:
4918:Compsothraupis
4913:
4911:
4905:
4904:
4902:
4901:
4894:
4887:
4880:
4873:
4865:
4863:
4861:Hemithraupinae
4857:
4856:
4854:
4853:
4846:
4839:
4831:
4829:
4827:Emberizoidinae
4823:
4822:
4820:
4819:
4812:
4805:
4798:
4791:
4784:
4777:
4770:
4763:
4756:
4749:
4742:
4735:
4727:
4725:
4719:
4718:
4716:
4715:
4708:
4701:
4693:
4691:
4685:
4684:
4682:
4681:
4674:
4667:
4660:
4653:
4646:
4639:
4632:
4625:
4618:
4611:
4604:
4597:
4590:
4582:
4580:
4574:
4573:
4571:
4570:
4563:
4555:
4553:
4547:
4546:
4544:
4543:
4535:
4533:
4523:
4522:
4510:
4509:
4506:
4505:
4502:
4501:
4499:
4498:
4495:Xanthocephalus
4490:
4488:
4482:
4481:
4479:
4478:
4471:
4463:
4461:
4455:
4454:
4452:
4451:
4443:
4441:
4435:
4434:
4432:
4431:
4423:
4421:
4415:
4414:
4412:
4411:
4404:
4397:
4389:
4387:
4381:
4380:
4378:
4377:
4369:
4367:
4361:
4360:
4358:
4357:
4350:
4343:
4336:
4329:
4322:
4315:
4308:
4301:
4294:
4287:
4280:
4273:
4266:
4259:
4252:
4245:
4238:
4231:
4224:
4217:
4209:
4207:
4201:
4200:
4198:
4197:
4187:
4177:
4166:
4164:
4162:incertae sedis
4154:
4153:
4141:
4140:
4137:
4136:
4133:
4132:
4130:
4129:
4128:
4127:
4121:
4119:
4113:
4112:
4110:
4109:
4101:
4099:
4093:
4092:
4090:
4089:
4081:
4079:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4069:
4061:
4059:
4053:
4052:
4050:
4049:
4042:
4039:Phaenicophilus
4035:
4027:
4025:
4019:
4018:
4016:
4015:
4008:
4001:
3994:
3987:
3980:
3973:
3966:
3959:
3952:
3945:
3935:
3928:
3921:
3914:
3907:
3900:
3893:
3886:
3879:
3872:
3865:
3858:
3851:
3848:Artemisiospiza
3844:
3837:
3830:
3827:Amphispizopsis
3823:
3816:
3809:
3802:
3794:
3792:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3782:
3775:
3768:
3761:
3754:
3747:
3740:
3733:
3726:
3719:
3712:
3705:
3698:
3691:
3684:
3677:
3670:
3663:
3655:
3653:
3647:
3646:
3644:
3643:
3635:
3633:
3627:
3626:
3624:
3623:
3616:
3609:
3601:
3599:
3597:Mitrospingidae
3593:
3592:
3590:
3589:
3581:
3579:
3573:
3572:
3570:
3569:
3568:
3567:
3561:
3559:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3549:
3541:
3539:
3533:
3532:
3530:
3529:
3522:
3515:
3508:
3501:
3494:
3487:
3480:
3473:
3466:
3463:Chlorothraupis
3459:
3456:Caryothraustes
3452:
3445:
3437:
3435:
3429:
3428:
3426:
3425:
3417:
3415:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3405:
3398:
3391:
3383:
3381:
3371:
3370:
3358:
3357:
3354:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3346:
3345:
3344:
3338:
3336:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3326:
3318:
3316:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3306:
3299:
3292:
3285:
3278:
3270:
3268:
3262:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3254:
3246:
3244:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3234:
3227:
3219:
3217:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3207:
3197:
3187:
3177:
3170:
3163:
3156:
3149:
3142:
3135:
3125:
3118:
3111:
3101:
3094:
3087:
3080:
3073:
3066:
3056:
3049:
3042:
3032:
3025:
3018:
3011:
3004:
2997:
2990:
2983:
2976:
2969:
2962:
2955:
2948:
2938:
2931:
2924:
2921:Coccothraustes
2917:
2907:
2904:Chrysocorythus
2900:
2897:Chlorodrepanis
2893:
2886:
2876:
2869:
2862:
2855:
2848:
2838:
2828:
2821:
2813:
2811:
2802:
2792:
2791:
2779:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2767:
2766:
2765:
2759:
2757:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2747:
2740:
2732:
2730:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2720:
2712:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2700:
2692:
2690:
2684:
2683:
2681:
2680:
2673:
2666:
2659:
2652:
2645:
2638:
2631:
2624:
2617:
2610:
2603:
2596:
2589:
2582:
2574:
2572:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2562:
2555:
2548:
2541:
2538:Onychostruthus
2534:
2531:Montifringilla
2527:
2524:Hypocryptadius
2520:
2513:
2505:
2503:
2497:
2496:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2489:
2482:
2475:
2468:
2461:
2454:
2447:
2440:
2433:
2426:
2418:
2416:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2406:
2399:
2392:
2385:
2378:
2371:
2363:
2361:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2351:
2344:
2337:
2330:
2323:
2316:
2309:
2302:
2299:Euschistospiza
2295:
2287:
2285:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2275:
2268:
2261:
2254:
2247:
2240:
2233:
2226:
2219:
2212:
2204:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2192:
2185:
2177:
2175:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2165:
2158:
2151:
2143:
2141:
2132:
2122:
2121:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2105:
2099:
2093:
2087:
2081:
2075:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2056:
2055:
2048:
2041:
2033:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
1999:
1997:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1985:
1979:
1977:
1975:Onychostruthus
1971:
1970:
1968:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1951:
1949:
1946:Montifringilla
1941:
1940:
1938:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1916:
1914:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1902:
1896:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1884:
1882:Pale rockfinch
1878:
1876:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1865:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1831:Desert sparrow
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1752:
1749:Russet sparrow
1746:
1744:Somali sparrow
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1719:Saxaul sparrow
1715:
1713:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1701:
1695:
1693:
1691:Hypocryptadius
1687:
1686:
1679:
1677:
1669:
1668:
1656:
1655:
1648:
1641:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1591:
1583:
1582:External links
1580:
1578:
1577:
1571:
1559:Robert Gillmor
1540:
1511:
1505:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1483:
1482:
1470:
1463:
1438:
1431:
1413:
1406:
1388:
1373:
1369:Mlíkovský 2002
1361:
1341:
1307:
1300:
1276:
1256:
1233:
1213:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1142:
1139:
1078:
1075:
1061:with decurved
1037:, South Africa
1022:
1019:
999:
998:
995:
990:
985:
977:
976:
973:
968:
963:
955:
954:
951:
946:
941:
933:
932:
929:
924:
919:
911:
910:
907:
905:Passer simplex
902:
900:Desert sparrow
897:
889:
888:
885:
880:
875:
867:
866:
863:
858:
856:Somali sparrow
853:
845:
844:
841:
836:
831:
823:
822:
819:
817:Passer italiae
814:
809:
801:
800:
797:
792:
787:
779:
778:
775:
770:
765:
757:
756:
753:
748:
743:
735:
734:
731:
726:
721:
713:
712:
709:
704:
702:Saxaul sparrow
699:
691:
690:
667:
662:
657:
649:
648:
645:
640:
638:Russet sparrow
635:
627:
626:
623:
618:
613:
605:
604:
601:
596:
591:
583:
582:
579:
574:
569:
561:
560:
557:
552:
547:
539:
538:
535:
530:
525:
517:
516:
513:
511:Passer griseus
508:
503:
495:
494:
491:
486:
481:
473:
472:
469:
464:
459:
451:
450:
447:
442:
437:
429:
428:
425:
420:
415:
412:
411:
408:
403:
398:
390:
389:
386:
381:
376:
368:
367:
364:
361:
358:
348:
345:
281:
278:
256:is a genus of
247:
246:
243:
242:
231:
220:
212:
204:
195:
192:
191:
188:
187:
181:
180:
174:
173:
169:
168:
162:
153:
152:
146:
145:
131:
127:
126:
121:
117:
116:
111:
107:
106:
101:
97:
96:
91:
87:
86:
81:
77:
76:
71:
67:
66:
53:
52:
44:
43:
35:
34:
16:Genus of birds
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5772:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5747:
5745:
5728:
5723:
5719:
5715:
5710:
5706:
5702:
5697:
5693:
5689:
5683:
5679:
5674:
5670:
5666:
5661:
5657:
5653:
5648:
5644:
5640:
5635:
5631:
5627:
5622:
5618:
5614:
5609:
5605:
5601:
5596:
5592:
5588:
5583:
5579:
5575:
5570:
5566:
5562:
5557:
5553:
5549:
5544:
5540:
5536:
5531:
5527:
5522:
5516:
5512:
5507:
5501:
5497:
5496:
5494:
5492:
5488:
5484:
5479:
5459:
5458:
5454:
5452:
5451:
5447:
5445:
5444:
5440:
5438:
5437:
5433:
5431:
5430:
5426:
5424:
5423:
5419:
5417:
5416:
5415:Sporathraupis
5412:
5410:
5409:
5405:
5403:
5402:
5398:
5396:
5395:
5391:
5389:
5388:
5384:
5382:
5381:
5377:
5375:
5374:
5370:
5368:
5367:
5363:
5361:
5360:
5356:
5354:
5353:
5349:
5347:
5346:
5342:
5340:
5339:
5335:
5333:
5332:
5328:
5326:
5325:
5324:Cnemathraupis
5321:
5319:
5318:
5314:
5312:
5311:
5307:
5305:
5304:
5300:
5298:
5297:
5293:
5291:
5290:
5286:
5284:
5283:
5279:
5277:
5276:
5272:
5270:
5269:
5265:
5264:
5262:
5260:
5256:
5250:
5249:
5245:
5243:
5242:
5238:
5236:
5235:
5231:
5229:
5228:
5224:
5222:
5221:
5217:
5215:
5214:
5210:
5208:
5207:
5203:
5201:
5200:
5199:Heliothraupis
5196:
5194:
5193:
5189:
5187:
5186:
5182:
5180:
5179:
5175:
5173:
5172:
5168:
5167:
5165:
5163:
5162:Tachyphoninae
5159:
5153:
5152:
5148:
5147:
5145:
5143:
5142:Sporophilinae
5139:
5133:
5132:
5128:
5126:
5125:
5121:
5120:
5118:
5116:
5112:
5106:
5105:
5101:
5099:
5098:
5094:
5093:
5091:
5089:
5085:
5079:
5078:
5074:
5072:
5071:
5067:
5065:
5064:
5060:
5058:
5057:
5053:
5051:
5050:
5049:Pseudospingus
5046:
5044:
5043:
5039:
5037:
5036:
5032:
5030:
5029:
5025:
5023:
5022:
5018:
5016:
5015:
5011:
5009:
5008:
5004:
5002:
5001:
4997:
4995:
4994:
4990:
4988:
4987:
4983:
4981:
4980:
4979:Castanozoster
4976:
4975:
4973:
4971:
4967:
4961:
4960:
4956:
4955:
4953:
4951:
4950:Orchesticinae
4947:
4941:
4940:
4936:
4934:
4933:
4929:
4927:
4926:
4922:
4920:
4919:
4915:
4914:
4912:
4910:
4906:
4900:
4899:
4895:
4893:
4892:
4891:Heterospingus
4888:
4886:
4885:
4881:
4879:
4878:
4874:
4872:
4871:
4870:Chrysothlypis
4867:
4866:
4864:
4862:
4858:
4852:
4851:
4847:
4845:
4844:
4840:
4838:
4837:
4833:
4832:
4830:
4828:
4824:
4818:
4817:
4813:
4811:
4810:
4806:
4804:
4803:
4799:
4797:
4796:
4792:
4790:
4789:
4785:
4783:
4782:
4778:
4776:
4775:
4771:
4769:
4768:
4764:
4762:
4761:
4757:
4755:
4754:
4750:
4748:
4747:
4743:
4741:
4740:
4736:
4734:
4733:
4729:
4728:
4726:
4724:
4720:
4714:
4713:
4709:
4707:
4706:
4702:
4700:
4699:
4695:
4694:
4692:
4690:
4686:
4680:
4679:
4675:
4673:
4672:
4668:
4666:
4665:
4661:
4659:
4658:
4654:
4652:
4651:
4647:
4645:
4644:
4640:
4638:
4637:
4633:
4631:
4630:
4626:
4624:
4623:
4619:
4617:
4616:
4612:
4610:
4609:
4605:
4603:
4602:
4598:
4596:
4595:
4591:
4589:
4588:
4584:
4583:
4581:
4579:
4575:
4569:
4568:
4564:
4562:
4561:
4557:
4556:
4554:
4552:
4548:
4542:
4541:
4537:
4536:
4534:
4532:
4528:
4524:
4520:
4515:
4511:
4497:
4496:
4492:
4491:
4489:
4487:
4483:
4477:
4476:
4472:
4470:
4469:
4465:
4464:
4462:
4460:
4456:
4450:
4449:
4445:
4444:
4442:
4440:
4436:
4430:
4429:
4425:
4424:
4422:
4420:
4416:
4410:
4409:
4405:
4403:
4402:
4398:
4396:
4395:
4391:
4390:
4388:
4386:
4382:
4376:
4375:
4371:
4370:
4368:
4366:
4365:Amblycercinae
4362:
4356:
4355:
4351:
4349:
4348:
4344:
4342:
4341:
4337:
4335:
4334:
4333:Pseudoleistes
4330:
4328:
4327:
4323:
4321:
4320:
4316:
4314:
4313:
4309:
4307:
4306:
4305:Macroagelaius
4302:
4300:
4299:
4295:
4293:
4292:
4288:
4286:
4285:
4281:
4279:
4278:
4274:
4272:
4271:
4267:
4265:
4264:
4260:
4258:
4257:
4253:
4251:
4250:
4246:
4244:
4243:
4239:
4237:
4236:
4232:
4230:
4229:
4225:
4223:
4222:
4218:
4216:
4215:
4211:
4210:
4208:
4206:
4202:
4196:
4195:
4194:Pyelorhamphus
4188:
4186:
4185:
4178:
4176:
4175:
4168:
4167:
4165:
4163:
4159:
4155:
4151:
4146:
4142:
4125:
4124:
4123:
4122:
4120:
4118:
4114:
4108:
4107:
4103:
4102:
4100:
4098:
4097:Teretistridae
4094:
4088:
4087:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4078:
4074:
4068:
4067:
4066:Rhodinocichla
4063:
4062:
4060:
4058:
4054:
4048:
4047:
4043:
4041:
4040:
4036:
4034:
4033:
4029:
4028:
4026:
4024:
4020:
4014:
4013:
4009:
4007:
4006:
4002:
4000:
3999:
3995:
3993:
3992:
3988:
3986:
3985:
3981:
3979:
3978:
3974:
3972:
3971:
3967:
3965:
3964:
3960:
3958:
3957:
3953:
3951:
3950:
3946:
3944:
3943:
3936:
3934:
3933:
3929:
3927:
3926:
3922:
3920:
3919:
3915:
3913:
3912:
3908:
3906:
3905:
3901:
3899:
3898:
3894:
3892:
3891:
3887:
3885:
3884:
3880:
3878:
3877:
3876:Chlorospingus
3873:
3871:
3870:
3866:
3864:
3863:
3859:
3857:
3856:
3852:
3850:
3849:
3845:
3843:
3842:
3838:
3836:
3835:
3831:
3829:
3828:
3824:
3822:
3821:
3817:
3815:
3814:
3810:
3808:
3807:
3803:
3801:
3800:
3796:
3795:
3793:
3791:
3790:Passerellidae
3787:
3781:
3780:
3776:
3774:
3773:
3769:
3767:
3766:
3762:
3760:
3759:
3755:
3753:
3752:
3748:
3746:
3745:
3741:
3739:
3738:
3734:
3732:
3731:
3727:
3725:
3724:
3720:
3718:
3717:
3713:
3711:
3710:
3706:
3704:
3703:
3699:
3697:
3696:
3692:
3690:
3689:
3685:
3683:
3682:
3678:
3676:
3675:
3671:
3669:
3668:
3664:
3662:
3661:
3657:
3656:
3654:
3652:
3648:
3642:
3641:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3632:
3631:Nesospingidae
3628:
3622:
3621:
3617:
3615:
3614:
3610:
3608:
3607:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3598:
3594:
3588:
3587:
3583:
3582:
3580:
3578:
3574:
3565:
3564:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3554:
3548:
3547:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3538:
3534:
3528:
3527:
3523:
3521:
3520:
3516:
3514:
3513:
3509:
3507:
3506:
3505:Periporphyrus
3502:
3500:
3499:
3495:
3493:
3492:
3488:
3486:
3485:
3481:
3479:
3478:
3474:
3472:
3471:
3467:
3465:
3464:
3460:
3458:
3457:
3453:
3451:
3450:
3446:
3444:
3443:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3434:
3430:
3424:
3423:
3422:Calyptophilus
3419:
3418:
3416:
3414:
3410:
3404:
3403:
3402:Rhynchophanes
3399:
3397:
3396:
3395:Plectrophenax
3392:
3390:
3389:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3380:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3363:
3359:
3342:
3341:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3335:
3331:
3325:
3324:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3315:
3314:Peucedramidae
3311:
3305:
3304:
3303:Tmetothylacus
3300:
3298:
3297:
3293:
3291:
3290:
3286:
3284:
3283:
3282:Dendronanthus
3279:
3277:
3276:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3263:
3253:
3252:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3243:
3239:
3233:
3232:
3228:
3226:
3225:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3216:
3212:
3206:
3205:
3198:
3196:
3195:
3188:
3186:
3185:
3178:
3176:
3175:
3171:
3169:
3168:
3164:
3162:
3161:
3157:
3155:
3154:
3150:
3148:
3147:
3143:
3141:
3140:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3126:
3124:
3123:
3122:Pyrrhoplectes
3119:
3117:
3116:
3112:
3110:
3109:
3102:
3100:
3099:
3095:
3093:
3092:
3088:
3086:
3085:
3081:
3079:
3078:
3074:
3072:
3071:
3067:
3065:
3064:
3057:
3055:
3054:
3050:
3048:
3047:
3043:
3041:
3040:
3033:
3031:
3030:
3026:
3024:
3023:
3019:
3017:
3016:
3012:
3010:
3009:
3005:
3003:
3002:
2998:
2996:
2995:
2991:
2989:
2988:
2984:
2982:
2981:
2977:
2975:
2974:
2970:
2968:
2967:
2963:
2961:
2960:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2949:
2947:
2946:
2939:
2937:
2936:
2932:
2930:
2929:
2925:
2923:
2922:
2918:
2916:
2915:
2908:
2906:
2905:
2901:
2899:
2898:
2894:
2892:
2891:
2887:
2885:
2884:
2877:
2875:
2874:
2870:
2868:
2867:
2863:
2861:
2860:
2856:
2854:
2853:
2849:
2847:
2846:
2839:
2837:
2836:
2829:
2827:
2826:
2822:
2820:
2819:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2784:
2780:
2763:
2762:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2752:
2746:
2745:
2741:
2739:
2738:
2734:
2733:
2731:
2729:
2725:
2719:
2718:
2717:Urocynchramus
2714:
2713:
2711:
2709:
2705:
2699:
2698:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2685:
2679:
2678:
2674:
2672:
2671:
2667:
2665:
2664:
2663:Pseudonigrita
2660:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2646:
2644:
2643:
2639:
2637:
2636:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2625:
2623:
2622:
2618:
2616:
2615:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2597:
2595:
2594:
2590:
2588:
2587:
2583:
2581:
2580:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2567:
2561:
2560:
2556:
2554:
2553:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2542:
2540:
2539:
2535:
2533:
2532:
2528:
2526:
2525:
2521:
2519:
2518:
2514:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2498:
2488:
2487:
2483:
2481:
2480:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2472:Stagonopleura
2469:
2467:
2466:
2462:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2446:
2445:
2441:
2439:
2438:
2434:
2432:
2431:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2411:
2405:
2404:
2400:
2398:
2397:
2393:
2391:
2390:
2386:
2384:
2383:
2379:
2377:
2376:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2356:
2350:
2349:
2345:
2343:
2342:
2338:
2336:
2335:
2331:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2322:
2321:
2317:
2315:
2314:
2310:
2308:
2307:
2303:
2301:
2300:
2296:
2294:
2293:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2280:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2267:
2266:
2262:
2260:
2259:
2255:
2253:
2252:
2248:
2246:
2245:
2244:Glaucestrilda
2241:
2239:
2238:
2234:
2232:
2231:
2227:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2218:
2217:
2213:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2186:
2184:
2183:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2159:
2157:
2156:
2152:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2114:
2110:
2104:
2101:Superfamily:
2100:
2098:
2094:
2092:
2088:
2086:
2082:
2080:
2076:
2074:
2070:
2069:
2066:
2062:
2054:
2049:
2047:
2042:
2040:
2035:
2034:
2031:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1995:
1990:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1947:
1942:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1907:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1889:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1870:
1864:
1863:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1781:Kenya sparrow
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1766:Great sparrow
1764:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1724:House sparrow
1722:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1711:
1706:
1700:
1699:Cinnamon ibon
1697:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1683:
1678:
1676:
1675:
1670:
1666:: Passeridae)
1665:
1661:
1654:
1649:
1647:
1642:
1640:
1635:
1634:
1631:
1623:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1574:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1555:
1554:
1551:
1545:
1541:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1519:
1518:
1512:
1508:
1502:
1498:
1493:
1492:
1487:
1486:
1479:
1474:
1466:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1445:
1443:
1434:
1428:
1424:
1417:
1409:
1403:
1399:
1392:
1386:, p. 442
1385:
1380:
1378:
1371:, p. 247
1370:
1365:
1351:
1345:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1311:
1303:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1288:
1280:
1272:
1271:
1266:
1260:
1252:
1251:
1246:
1240:
1238:
1229:
1228:
1223:
1217:
1202:
1198:
1192:
1188:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1169:house sparrow
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1152:
1147:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1103:house sparrow
1100:
1097:and southern
1096:
1088:
1083:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1036:
1032:
1031:great sparrow
1027:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1011:
1006:
1005:Early Miocene
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
983:
979:
978:
974:
972:
971:Passer luteus
969:
967:
964:
961:
957:
956:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
939:
935:
934:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
917:
913:
912:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
895:
891:
890:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
873:
869:
868:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
851:
847:
846:
842:
840:
837:
835:
834:House sparrow
832:
829:
825:
824:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
807:
803:
802:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
785:
781:
780:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
763:
759:
758:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
741:
737:
736:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
719:
715:
714:
711:Central Asia
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
697:
693:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
655:
651:
650:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
633:
629:
628:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
611:
607:
606:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
589:
585:
584:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
567:
563:
562:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
545:
541:
540:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
523:
519:
518:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
501:
497:
496:
492:
490:
487:
485:
484:Great sparrow
482:
479:
475:
474:
470:
468:
465:
463:
462:Kenya sparrow
460:
457:
453:
452:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
435:
431:
430:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
413:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
396:
392:
391:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
374:
370:
369:
366:Distribution
365:
362:
359:
356:
355:
352:
341:
337:
333:
332:house sparrow
329:
325:
320:
316:
314:
310:
306:
302:
301:house sparrow
298:
295:in 1760. The
294:
290:
287:
277:
275:
271:
267:
266:house sparrow
263:
262:true sparrows
259:
255:
254:
239:
235:
232:
228:
224:
221:
216:
213:
208:
205:
200:
197:
196:
189:
186:
182:
179:
175:
170:
165:
160:
159:
154:
151:
147:
142:
137:
136:
132:
129:
128:
125:
122:
119:
118:
115:
114:Passeriformes
112:
109:
108:
105:
102:
99:
98:
95:
92:
89:
88:
85:
82:
79:
78:
75:
72:
69:
68:
63:
58:
54:
50:
49:Cape sparrows
45:
41:
36:
33:
29:
26:
22:
5490:
5455:
5448:
5443:Tephrophilus
5441:
5434:
5427:
5420:
5413:
5406:
5399:
5392:
5385:
5378:
5371:
5364:
5359:Lophospingus
5357:
5350:
5343:
5336:
5329:
5322:
5315:
5308:
5303:Chlorochrysa
5301:
5294:
5287:
5280:
5273:
5268:Anisognathus
5266:
5246:
5239:
5232:
5227:Rhodospingus
5225:
5218:
5211:
5204:
5197:
5190:
5183:
5176:
5171:Conothraupis
5169:
5149:
5131:Saltatricula
5129:
5122:
5115:Saltatorinae
5102:
5095:
5075:
5068:
5061:
5054:
5047:
5042:Poospizopsis
5040:
5033:
5026:
5019:
5014:Microspingus
5012:
5005:
4998:
4991:
4984:
4977:
4957:
4939:Sericossypha
4937:
4930:
4923:
4916:
4896:
4889:
4884:Hemithraupis
4882:
4877:Chlorophanes
4875:
4868:
4848:
4843:Emberizoides
4841:
4836:Coryphaspiza
4834:
4814:
4807:
4800:
4793:
4786:
4779:
4772:
4765:
4760:Geospizopsis
4758:
4751:
4744:
4737:
4730:
4710:
4703:
4696:
4676:
4669:
4664:Pinaroloxias
4662:
4655:
4648:
4641:
4634:
4627:
4620:
4613:
4606:
4599:
4594:Camarhynchus
4592:
4585:
4565:
4560:Charitospiza
4558:
4538:
4493:
4473:
4466:
4459:Sturnellinae
4446:
4426:
4406:
4399:
4392:
4372:
4352:
4345:
4338:
4331:
4324:
4317:
4310:
4303:
4296:
4289:
4282:
4275:
4268:
4261:
4254:
4247:
4240:
4235:Amblyramphus
4233:
4226:
4219:
4212:
4192:
4182:
4172:
4161:
4104:
4084:
4064:
4044:
4037:
4030:
4010:
4003:
3996:
3991:Spizelloides
3989:
3982:
3977:Rhynchospiza
3975:
3968:
3961:
3954:
3947:
3940:
3930:
3923:
3916:
3911:Oreothraupis
3909:
3902:
3895:
3888:
3881:
3874:
3867:
3860:
3853:
3846:
3839:
3832:
3825:
3818:
3811:
3804:
3797:
3777:
3770:
3763:
3758:Protonotaria
3756:
3749:
3742:
3735:
3728:
3721:
3714:
3709:Limnothlypis
3707:
3700:
3693:
3686:
3679:
3672:
3665:
3660:Basileuterus
3658:
3638:
3618:
3613:Mitrospingus
3611:
3604:
3584:
3544:
3524:
3517:
3510:
3503:
3496:
3489:
3482:
3475:
3468:
3461:
3454:
3447:
3440:
3433:Cardinalidae
3420:
3400:
3393:
3386:
3367:Emberizoidea
3334:Emberizoidea
3321:
3301:
3294:
3287:
3280:
3273:
3266:Motacillidae
3249:
3242:Fringillinae
3229:
3224:Chlorophonia
3222:
3202:
3192:
3182:
3172:
3165:
3158:
3151:
3144:
3137:
3132:Rhodacanthis
3130:
3120:
3113:
3108:Psittirostra
3106:
3098:Pseudonestor
3096:
3091:Procarduelis
3089:
3082:
3075:
3068:
3061:
3051:
3044:
3039:Melamprosops
3037:
3027:
3020:
3013:
3006:
2999:
2992:
2985:
2978:
2973:Hesperiphona
2971:
2964:
2957:
2950:
2943:
2933:
2926:
2919:
2912:
2902:
2895:
2888:
2881:
2871:
2864:
2859:Callacanthis
2857:
2850:
2843:
2833:
2825:Agraphospiza
2823:
2816:
2800:Fringillidae
2742:
2737:Anomalospiza
2735:
2715:
2695:
2675:
2668:
2661:
2654:
2647:
2640:
2633:
2626:
2619:
2612:
2605:
2598:
2591:
2584:
2577:
2557:
2550:
2544:
2543:
2536:
2529:
2522:
2515:
2508:
2484:
2477:
2470:
2463:
2458:Oreostruthus
2456:
2449:
2442:
2435:
2428:
2421:
2401:
2394:
2387:
2380:
2373:
2366:
2346:
2339:
2332:
2325:
2320:Lagonosticta
2318:
2311:
2304:
2297:
2290:
2270:
2263:
2256:
2249:
2242:
2235:
2230:Delacourella
2228:
2221:
2214:
2207:
2187:
2180:
2173:Erythrurinae
2160:
2153:
2146:
2095:Infraorder:
1992:
1974:
1944:
1909:
1900:Rock sparrow
1891:
1872:
1860:
1801:Cape sparrow
1796:Iago sparrow
1739:Sind sparrow
1709:
1708:
1690:
1680:
1672:
1603:
1599:
1553:
1549:
1533:the original
1516:
1496:
1473:
1454:
1450:
1422:
1416:
1397:
1391:
1364:
1353:. Retrieved
1344:
1332:. Retrieved
1327:
1310:
1286:
1279:
1269:
1259:
1249:
1226:
1216:
1205:. Retrieved
1200:
1197:"Passeridae"
1191:
1176:
1156:
1155:
1145:
1144:
1092:
1077:Distribution
1070:
1066:
1054:
1046:
1040:
1008:
1002:
992:
970:
948:
926:
904:
882:
878:Iago sparrow
860:
838:
816:
794:
772:
750:
728:
706:
664:
642:
620:
616:Sind sparrow
598:
576:
554:
532:
510:
488:
466:
444:
422:
405:
383:
379:Cape sparrow
350:
342:, Kazakhstan
323:
308:
307:). The name
304:
297:type species
288:
283:
261:
252:
251:
250:
233:
222:
214:
206:
202:Cuvier, 1817
198:
177:
156:
150:Type species
134:
133:
31:
25:
5760:Bird genera
5634:iNaturalist
5515:Wikispecies
5366:Neothraupis
5352:Ixothraupis
5345:Iridosornis
5289:Calochaetes
5234:Tachyphonus
5220:Ramphocelus
5077:Xenospingus
5070:Urothraupis
5021:Nephelornis
5000:Donacospiza
4986:Cnemoscopus
4970:Poospizinae
4959:Orchesticus
4925:Cyanicterus
4898:Iridophanes
4746:Conirostrum
4732:Acanthidops
4723:Diglossinae
4643:Melanospiza
4408:Psarocolius
4374:Amblycercus
4291:Hypopyrrhus
4284:Gymnomystax
4277:Gnorimopsar
4228:Agelasticus
4214:Agelaioides
4126:See below ↓
4106:Teretistris
4077:Spindalidae
4012:Zonotrichia
3925:Passerculus
3862:Calamospiza
3744:Oreothlypis
3730:Myiothlypis
3702:Leiothlypis
3688:Helmitheros
3674:Catharopeza
3640:Nesospingus
3606:Lamprospiza
3566:See below ↓
3537:Emberizidae
3484:Granatellus
3470:Cyanocompsa
3442:Amaurospiza
3379:Calcariidae
3343:See below ↓
3323:Peucedramus
3215:Euphoniinae
3139:Rhodopechys
3077:Paroreomyza
3063:Orthiospiza
2987:Leucosticte
2966:Hemignathus
2809:Carduelinae
2764:See below ↓
2688:Prunellidae
2649:Plocepasser
2642:Philetairus
2579:Amblyospiza
2486:Taeniopygia
2444:Heteromunia
2414:Poephilinae
2375:Lepidopygia
2359:Lonchurinae
2348:Uraeginthus
2341:Spermophaga
2223:Cryptospiza
2200:Estrildinae
2162:Ortygospiza
2139:Amandavinae
2130:Estrildidae
2118:Passeroidea
2103:Passeroidea
1606:: 353–366.
1488:Works cited
1316:Gill, Frank
1245:Mayr, Ernst
1161:seed-eaters
1151:white stork
1107:Middle East
1085:A flock of
1021:Description
1013:, from the
360:Common Name
51:in Namibia
5755:Passeridae
5744:Categories
5380:Pipraeidea
5310:Chlorornis
5282:Buthraupis
5259:Thraupinae
5151:Sporophila
5104:Rhopospina
5063:Thlypopsis
5056:Sphenopsis
4909:Nemosiinae
4850:Embernagra
4816:Xenodacnis
4781:Melanodera
4767:Haplospiza
4671:Platyspiza
4650:Melopyrrha
4636:Loxipasser
4587:Asemospiza
4578:Coerebinae
4519:Thraupidae
4428:Dolichonyx
4401:Cassiculus
4385:Cassicinae
4354:Xanthopsar
4298:Lampropsar
4205:Agelaiinae
4184:Pandanaris
4117:Thraupidae
4032:Microligea
3998:Torreornis
3942:Pedinorhis
3932:Passerella
3883:Chondestes
3841:Arremonops
3820:Amphispiza
3806:Ammodramus
3681:Geothlypis
3667:Cardellina
3620:Orthogonys
3577:Icteriidae
3512:Pheucticus
3477:Cyanoloxia
3449:Cardinalis
3204:Xestospiza
3184:Vangulifer
3146:Rhodospiza
3053:Oreomystis
2959:Haemorhous
2883:Chloridops
2873:Carpodacus
2677:Sporopipes
2628:Histurgops
2607:Dinemellia
2600:Bubalornis
2593:Brachycope
2586:Anaplectes
2559:Pyrgilauda
2510:Carpospiza
2501:Passeridae
2479:Stizoptera
2423:Aidemosyne
2403:Spermestes
2389:Mayrimunia
2327:Pyrenestes
2292:Clytospiza
2272:Parmoptila
2258:Nesocharis
2216:Coccopygia
2089:Suborder:
2059:Genera of
1994:Pyrgilauda
1873:Carpospiza
1588:Passeridae
1355:2021-07-29
1207:2023-07-16
1183:References
234:Ammopasser
215:Auripasser
178:See text.
124:Passeridae
5248:Volatinia
5192:Eucometis
5185:Creurgops
5097:Incaspiza
5028:Piezorina
4993:Cypsnagra
4795:Phrygilus
4788:Nesospiza
4739:Catamenia
4698:Cyanerpes
4657:Phonipara
4629:Loxigilla
4615:Euneornis
4601:Certhidea
4475:Sturnella
4439:Icterinae
4347:Quiscalus
4340:Ptiloxena
4312:Molothrus
4249:Chrysomus
4174:Cremaster
4150:Icteridae
4086:Spindalis
4046:Xenoligea
4005:Xenospiza
3970:Pooecetes
3956:Pezopetes
3897:Melospiza
3869:Centronyx
3855:Atlapetes
3813:Ammospiza
3799:Aimophila
3779:Vermivora
3772:Setophaga
3737:Oporornis
3723:Myioborus
3716:Mniotilta
3695:Leucopeza
3651:Parulidae
3557:Icteridae
3498:Passerina
3388:Calcarius
3296:Motacilla
3251:Fringilla
3194:Viridonia
3174:Telespiza
3046:Mycerobas
3015:Loxioides
2980:Himatione
2928:Crithagra
2866:Carduelis
2852:Bucanetes
2835:Aidemedia
2614:Euplectes
2570:Ploceidae
2306:Granatina
2251:Mandingoa
2209:Brunhilda
2189:Erythrura
2097:Passerida
2071:Kingdom:
1622:236414823
1529:156629447
1141:Behaviour
1127:Australia
1119:Australia
330:, a male
274:Old World
207:Corospiza
80:Kingdom:
74:Eukaryota
5500:Wikidata
5450:Thraupis
5429:Stilpnia
5373:Paroaria
5317:Cissopis
5213:Loriotus
5124:Saltator
5035:Poospiza
4802:Rowettia
4774:Idiopsar
4753:Diglossa
4689:Dacninae
4622:Geospiza
4326:Oreopsar
4319:Nesopsar
4270:Euphagus
4221:Agelaius
3984:Spizella
3918:Oriturus
3904:Melozone
3751:Parkesia
3546:Emberiza
3289:Macronyx
3231:Euphonia
3115:Pyrrhula
3084:Pinicola
3070:Palmeria
3001:Linurgus
2935:Drepanis
2914:Ciridops
2818:Acanthis
2728:Viduidae
2697:Prunella
2635:Malimbus
2552:Petronia
2517:Gymnoris
2465:Poephila
2451:Neochmia
2430:Bathilda
2382:Lonchura
2313:Hypargos
2237:Estrilda
2182:Chloebia
2155:Amandava
2079:Chordata
2077:Phylum:
2073:Animalia
1911:Gymnoris
1892:Petronia
1546:(1988).
1267:(1840).
1224:(1760).
1135:Illinois
1131:Missouri
1111:Americas
683:Illinois
679:Missouri
671:Victoria
340:Baikonur
280:Taxonomy
268:and the
258:sparrows
227:Hartlaub
185:Synonyms
172:Species
164:Linnaeus
120:Family:
94:Chordata
90:Phylum:
84:Animalia
70:Domain:
5626:2492321
5436:Tangara
5401:Rauenia
5338:Dubusia
5275:Bangsia
4932:Nemosia
4809:Sicalis
4712:Tersina
4608:Coereba
4468:Leistes
4448:Icterus
4394:Cacicus
4256:Curaeus
4242:Anumara
3949:Peucaea
3834:Arremon
3765:Seiurus
3586:Icteria
3519:Piranga
3160:Serinus
3029:Magumma
2994:Linaria
2952:Eophona
2890:Chloris
2845:Akialoa
2656:Ploceus
2437:Emblema
2368:Euodice
2334:Pytilia
2265:Nigrita
2148:Amadina
2091:Passeri
2083:Class:
1682:Species
1165:insects
1099:Eurasia
1071:tschilp
1067:chirrup
1063:culmens
347:Species
311:is the
238:Zarudny
223:Sorella
199:Pyrgita
141:Brisson
130:Genus:
110:Order:
100:Class:
5750:Passer
5727:297418
5701:515158
5685:NZOR:
5652:179627
5582:EURING
5574:1PASSG
5535:Passer
5521:Passer
5506:Q28753
5491:Passer
4705:Dacnis
4678:Tiaris
3963:Pipilo
3275:Anthus
3167:Spinus
3022:Loxops
2670:Quelea
2621:Foudia
2545:Passer
1710:Passer
1664:family
1620:
1569:
1552:Passer
1527:
1503:
1461:
1451:Passer
1429:
1404:
1334:1 June
1298:
1177:Passer
1157:Passer
1146:Passer
1121:. The
1117:, and
1095:Africa
1007:, and
324:Passer
309:Passer
289:Passer
253:Passer
240:, 1880
229:, 1880
166:, 1758
143:, 1760
135:Passer
32:Passer
5722:WoRMS
5714:99164
5639:13847
5600:97435
5587:16009
5331:Diuca
5206:Lanio
4263:Dives
3890:Junco
3526:Spiza
3491:Habia
3008:Loxia
2744:Vidua
2396:Padda
1674:Genus
1618:S2CID
1536:(PDF)
1521:(PDF)
1059:beaks
357:Image
313:Latin
286:genus
47:Male
5678:9159
5673:NCBI
5647:ITIS
5621:GBIF
5569:EPPO
5561:6JFY
5548:3612
5543:BOLD
2085:Aves
1567:ISBN
1525:OCLC
1501:ISBN
1459:ISBN
1427:ISBN
1402:ISBN
1336:2021
1296:ISBN
1171:and
1133:and
687:Iowa
685:and
673:and
284:The
193:List
104:Aves
5660:NBN
5556:CoL
5530:AFD
1608:doi
1292:294
1069:or
1033:in
5746::
5724::
5711::
5698::
5675::
5662::
5649::
5636::
5623::
5610::
5597::
5584::
5571::
5558::
5545::
5532::
5517::
5502::
1616:.
1604:71
1602:.
1598:.
1565:.
1441:^
1376:^
1326:.
1294:.
1236:^
1199:.
1113:,
1029:A
1017:.
689:.
681:,
4190:†
4180:†
4170:†
3938:†
3200:†
3190:†
3180:†
3128:†
3104:†
3059:†
3035:†
2941:†
2910:†
2879:†
2841:†
2831:†
2052:e
2045:t
2038:v
1662:(
1652:e
1645:t
1638:v
1624:.
1610::
1575:.
1509:.
1467:.
1435:.
1410:.
1358:.
1338:.
1304:.
1210:.
1053:(
1045:(
303:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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