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183:, undertook the hasty construction of a large circle of porticos surrounding a Temple of Industry. The temple would hold the objects of industries that the jury had selected. The official exposition took place during the five last days of the year VI (19–21 September 1798). The exposition opened on 19 September 1798 with a parade led by trumpeters and cavalry, with musicians, soldiers, heralds, manufacturers, the jury and politicians. There were 110 exclusively French exhibitors. Due to the short notice, there were relatively few exhibitors, all from Paris or the neighboring departments. There were further festivities and speeches on the fifth day, the last official day of the exposition. The exposition remained open until 10 Vendemiaire Year VII (1 October 1798).
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Utensils, Ceramics, Precision and
Musical Instruments, Miscellaneous. The manufacturers had learned to take the expositions very seriously, since an award had real value. When it was found that some members of the jury were also exhibiting products from their own companies, these products were excluded from gaining prizes. With musical instruments it was decided that the manufacturer's name had to be erased or hidden to avoid biasing the jury, who should judge the instrument purely on its quality. Among the musical instruments and other types of product the jury had difficulty comparing the submissions since they had very varied size, shape and other features.
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520:. The buildings had simple exterior decoration and were generally well-made, apart from some problems with rain leaking in. Each building was divided into four 13 metres (43 ft) long aisles and contained a 50 by 21 metres (164 by 69 ft) courtyard. The exposition ran from 1 May 1834 to 30 June 1834. There were 2,447 exhibits in an area of 14,288 square metres (153,790 sq ft). The exposition lasted 60 days, with 2,447 exhibitors.
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carding and refining wool were displayed. As with the 1806 exposition, there were five levels of distinction: gold, silver and bronze medals, an honorable mention and a simple citation. Manufacturers who had won an award before could only receive a new award for a different product, or for a superior version of the old one. There were 886 awards. 84 gold medals were awarded. These included:
722:(1849). The scheduled 1849 exposition in Paris would demonstrate the legitimacy of the Second Republic, and would provide a platform for declaring that Algiers was now part of France. It was decided to give agriculture an equal role to manufacturing, so the event was the "Exposition Nationale des produits de l’industrie agricole et manufacturière".
587:. It did not win an award, although Giroux did gain a silver medal for a jewelry box. The 1839 exposition attracted considerable interest by foreign manufacturers, and catalogs or reports on it were published in Austria, Germany and Sweden. Similar, if smaller, exhibitions were staged in most other European countries.
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interested in brilliantly executed work or in commonplace manufactures, but valued products for their utility, quantity and price. He saw the same merit in coarse pottery, if it was good and cheap, as the most elegant porcelain. 38 gold medals were awarded. There were 53 silver medals and 60 bronze medals.
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expositions, the products had to be strictly French. The prefect of each department would name a jury which would select well-made and useful manufactured products for exhibition, preferably choosing products distinctive to the region. They should not reject coarse products as long as they were useful.
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succeeded in excluding foreign products. At first it was expected that all exhibits would be held within a single new 22,000 square metres (240,000 sq ft) hall built on the Champs-Elysées, but it was found that separate buildings were need to house some of the larger machines. The main hall
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both freak artisan products and instruments used only by scientists. Entrants had to fill out a form that gave information about their business including its nature, number of employees, materials used, export and domestic earning and so on. The king opened the exposition and toured all the exhibits.
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Louis XVIII ordered another exposition for 1821, but events forced a delay until 1823. In
January 1823 the Minister of the Interior announced that an industrial exposition would be held in the Louvre from 25 August 1823 to 15 October 1823, with the same instructions as in 1819 sent to the departments
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In the year X (1802) the exposition lasted 7 days, with 540 exhibitors. It took place from
September 18–24 in the courtyard of the Louvre. There were 540 exhibitors. The exhibitors came from 63 departments, of which 12 would be separated from France in 1815. Chaptal, Minister of the Interior, was not
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The king came back every Monday to examine some exhibits in more detail. There were 3,969 exhibitors, with most exhibits held in forty galleries in the grand hall. Exhibits were placed in the categories: Fabrics, Metals and other
Minerals, Machinery, Precision Instruments, Chemical Arts, Fine Arts,
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The first exposition of the July monarchy was planned for 1832 but had to be cancelled due to riots followed by a cholera epidemic. In
October 1833 it was decreed that there would be an industrial exposition in Paris every five years, starting in 1834. The 1839 exposition was staged on schedule, as
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as president and
Fernand Chaptal as vice-president and rapporteur. Chaptal had arranged the 2nd and 3rd expositions, and again played a leading role. The 5th exposition opened on 25 August 1819 in the great halls of the Louvre palace. The exposition last 35 days, with 1,662 exhibitors. It closed on
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over how to celebrate the anniversary of the
Republic's foundation. The Directory approved and on 9 Fructidor, Year VI (26 August 1798), François de Neufchâteau notified the government officials that an Exposition of the products of French industry would be held along with the 1 Vendémiaire VII (22
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In 1844 the exposition last 60 days, with 3,960 exhibitors. It opened in the Champs-Élysées on 1 May and closed on 29 June. In the 1844 exposition it was found necessary to exclude retailers who did not make their own products, and to eliminate anything that was not socially useful, which included
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The 39 categories were much the same as in 1806, with the main emphasis on fabrics. Cashmere products were exhibited, but the jury noted that they could not compete in price with products made in India. Silk products showed advances in dying to create white and
Prussian blue silk. New machines for
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Exhibits included an instrument for cataract operations, paintings made from the plumes of exotic birds, a machine for extracting logs from rivers and a device that demonstrated the new metric system of meters, grams and liters. The jury was told to favour products that were comparable to those of
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There was no entrance fee apart from
Thursday, when 1 franc was charged for admission and donated to charity. Exhibits were placed in the categories of Agriculture and Horticulture, Algeria, Machines, Metal, Precision Instruments, Chemical Arts, Ceramic Arts, Fabrics, Fine Arts and Diverse Arts.
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Louis
Philippe toured the whole exhibition the day before it opened, and spoke at the opening. In the weeks that followed he carefully examined all the exhibits, surrounded by an enthusiastic crowd. A new set of categories was used: Fabrics, Chemicals, Metals and Minerals, Fine Arts, Agricultural
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of 1789–98 the authorities staged a series of festivals in Paris, starting with the Festival of the Federation on 14 July 1790 and followed by events such as the Festival of Law (1792), Festival of Reason (1793), Festival of the Supreme Being (1794), and Festival of the Foundation of the Republic
554:. Automation in the areas of wood engraving, enameling and wood-inlaying created reduced-cost products that formerly only the wealthy could afford. The most revolutionary product was "elastic tissue", or sheets of rubber, for which there seemed to be great potential although the use was unclear.
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Commissioner Thiers notified the departmental prefects of the criteria for submissions, saying that the exhibits should mainly be products for the masses, and ideally would combine high quality and low price. Entries were divided into categories of use: food and food preparation; health; weaving
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to the post of Minister of the Interior, decided to revive the expositions of products of French industry. A royal ordinance of 13 January 1819 decreed a series of expositions at intervals of no more than four years, with the first to be held in 1819 and the second in 1821. As with previous
280:, driven by punch cards, received a bronze medal. The jury's report noted that it "replaces a worker in the weaving of brocades". It took several years before it was realized that rather than replacing weavers, the loom made higher volumes of sales possible and employed many more workers.
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included a large rain-fed reservoir that supplied fire hoses, and 75 guards and firemen were on duty throughout the exposition. The hall had a large open-air courtyard in its center with a fountain, chairs, statues, flowers and fragrant orange and lemon trees.
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There were 2,305 awards. There were more steam engines, and the machines were more efficient than in the previous exposition. There were more advanced looms and spinning machines for cotton and wool yarn. The most innovative product was a mass-produced
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Pottery, and Diverse Arts. Louis Philippe presided over an award ceremony on 29 July 1844 in the Tuileries. He personally presented 31 Legion of Honour medals to the most distinguished exhibitors. In all there were 3,253 awards. These included:
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processes and clothing; home products; transportation; products for smell, hearing, etc.; calculation, measurement and applied engineering; education and training; and social amenities. The categorization caused confusion among the visitors.
264:) ordered another exposition for the 5 last days of year IX (1801). This exhibition was much more brilliant than the first, with more competitors and higher quality exhibits. The second exhibition was organized in the square courtyard of the
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Agricultural implements were exhibited, and there were also stalls with pigs and chickens. The Algerian section mainly featured raw materials and handiwork such as raw silk, tobacco, minerals, cotton, wool and fabrics. Adolph Sax's
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of Henri and François Nast. Although fabrices still featured prominently there were more metal products than before showing the recent advances in metallurgy. A model was exhibited of a planned suspension bridge which would span the
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The opening ceremonies followed the standard format. Napoleon visited the individual exhibits on Mondays, as Louis Philippe had done. Napoleon presided over the final ceremonies, which began at 9:45 a.m. on 11 November 1849 in the
126:(Exhibition of Products of French Industry) was a public event organized in Paris, France, from 1798 to 1849. The purpose was "to offer a panorama of the productions of the various branches of industry with a view to emulation".
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launched the first exposition at a time when France was engaged in external wars and was still in upheaval from the revolution. The idea of an industrial exposition emerged from discussions led by the Minister of the Interior
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of France. The exposition was again held on the ground floor of the Louvre. The exposition lasted 50 days, with 1,642 exhibitors. The emphasis was on industry, but some luxury goods were exhibited including two vases by the
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Napoleon had decreed that industrial expositions would take place every three years, with the next due to open on 1 May 1809, but military and political difficulties prevented further expositions during the remainder of the
260:, sent his recommendation for another industrial exposition to the three consuls on 22 Brumaire Year IX (13 November 1800). After the continental peace seemed assured, on 13 Ventôse Year IX (4 March 1801) the first consul (
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on 1 May and closed on 29 June. There were 3,381 exhibits in an area of 16,500 square metres (178,000 sq ft), which caused serious overcrowding. A new hall was thrown up at the last minute to contain the excess.
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visited the exposition on the last complementary day (22 September 1801, and distributed 12 gold medals to manufacturers including Jacob Frères. The Jacobs shared the medal for furniture with Lignereux. The revolutionary
532:, a famous statistician, was named rapporteur for the central jury of 1834. For each branch of industry he noted the quantities and value of French exports and imports, with comparative figures for 1823, 1827 and 1834.
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After the Year X exposition the government decided that more time was needed between the expositions to allow for advances in manufacturing to mature, and put off the next exposition until 1806. In the interim the
470:, who would soon be deposed. It was held in a time of economic uncertainty, but still attracted more than 600,000 visitors. The exposition lasted 60 days, with 1,695 exhibitors. 1,254 prizes were awarded.
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The Paris industrial expositions between 1798 and 1849 can trace their origins to the fairs that were held in several cities of Europe in the Middle Ages. After the start of the
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presented a selection of bottled fruits and vegetables from his manufacture but did not win any reward. Jean-Baptiste Launay presented the first model for a dome for the
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There were 220 exhibitors. 19 gold medals were awarded in total, including seven who had received honorable distinctions in Year VI, and 12 new exhibitors. The three
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Musée industriel et artistique, ou Description complète de l'Exposition des produits de l'industrie française faite en 1849. 11e exposition : prospectus
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covered the event thoroughly, and called for a similar exposition in London. It was soon decided to hold a European exposition in London in 1851,
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wrote an independent history of the exposition in which he attacked high taxes that penalized industry and protectionism that harmed consumers.
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British industry. Twelve exhibitors were given honorable distinctions. Thirteen received honourable mentions. Honorable distinctions included:
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Catalogue des produits industriels qui ont été exposés au Champ de Mars pendant les trois derniers jours complémentaires de l'An VI
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The exhibitions that followed the first exposition were always strictly for French products, and were increasingly successful.
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was elected president. The exposition had become institutionalized by now, and had attracted competition from events in
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Gold medal: Jean-Baptiste Marie Chaptal de Chanteloup (Jean-Antoine Chaptal's son) for the chemicals industry category.
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Night festival during the exhibition in the courtyard of the Louvre in the year X (1801), anonymous work shown at the
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There were many foreign visitors, and official reports were published in German and English. The English periodical
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150:(1796). These celebrations of the new republic helped to unite the people and win acceptance of the new order.
1575:"Fête de nuit durant l'expostition des produits de l'industrie dans la cour carrée du Louvre en l'an X (1801)"
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The 1806 exposition lasted 24 days, with 1,422 exhibitors. It was held from September 25 to October 19 on the
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The 11th exposition lasted for 60 days, from 1 June 1849 to 30 July 1849, held in the
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The king also rewarded many of the scientists, artists and manufacturers with the
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Exposition des produits de l'industrie française en 1844. Rapport du jury central
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Gold medal: Marie-Jeanne-Rosalie Desarnaud-Charpentier for her dressing table
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Exposition des produits de l'industrie française, Court of the Louvre (1801)
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Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne (1937)
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President Bonaparte Distributes Prizes at the Close of the 1849 Exposition
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Martin-Eloy Lignereux, marchand-mercier à Paris à la fin du XVIIIe siecle
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The innovative products included mass-printed rolls of wallpaper made by
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333:. Awards included 54 gold medals, 97 silver medals and 80 bronze medals.
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International Exposition of Modern Industrial and Decorative Arts
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Rapport du jury central sur les produits de l'industrie française
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The 7th exposition was held in 1827 under the reactionary King
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Histoire des Expositions des produits de l'Industrie Française
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1822:International Exposition of Sea Fishery Industries
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1851:International Exhibition on Urbanism and Housing
208:Étienne Lenoir (1744–1832): a precision balance.
124:Exposition des produits de l'industrie française
69:Exposition des produits de l'industrie française
33:Exposition des produits de l'industrie française
1818:Exposition Internationale de l'Est de la France
293:was awarded the gold medal for cabinet-making.
215:and Louis Etienne Herhan: an edition of Virgil.
1659:(in French), Paris: imprimerie impériale, 1806
936:Catalogue des produits industriels ... Year VI
924:Catalogue des produits industriels ... Year VI
1857:The International Exhibition of Rural Habitat
1765:Lyon Exposition Universelle et Internationale
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1525:"La difficile naissance du patronat français"
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1349:Chandler – Exposition of the Second Republic
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1595:"Nicolas Appert: Inventor and Manufacturer"
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1552:Douyere-Demeulenaere, Christiane (2005),
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268:. It was held from September 19–25 1801.
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1726:French Industrial Exposition of 1834
951:Fête de nuit durant l'expostition ..
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504:French Industrial Exposition of 1834
1523:Déniel, Patrick (2 February 2013),
498:, rapporteur of the 1834 exposition
483:would be the next two expositions.
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1561:archivesnationales.culture.gouv.fr
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602:by Jean-Baptiste Sabatier-Blot
401:Gold medal: Édouard Sévène in
256:The Minister of the Interior,
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1813:Exposition coloniale (1906)
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327:Esplanade des Invalides
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140:François de Neufchâteau
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61:Unrecognized exposition
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258:Jean-Antoine Chaptal
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636:Louis-Georges Mulot
468:Charles X of France
439:Manufacture de Nast
387:23 September 1819.
361:, after appointing
353:Bourbon restoration
347:First French Empire
320:Austerlitz campaign
1621:histoire-image.org
1473:Chandler, Arthur,
1457:Chandler, Arthur,
1441:Chandler, Arthur,
1402:Chandler, Arthur,
696:
688:
604:
544:
500:
434:
380:
339:Paris wheat market
311:
254:
195:
143:
1872:
1871:
1121:, pp. 31–35.
1049:, pp. 25–26.
748:Palais de Justice
686:in the background
624:Hymne à la France
530:Institut Français
452:Tournon-sur-Rhône
363:Élie, duc Decazes
250:Carnavalet Museum
147:French Revolution
120:
119:
16:(Redirected from
1912:
1905:Culture of Paris
1752:Dijon Exhibition
1699:
1692:
1685:
1676:
1675:
1670:
1660:
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1589:
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1570:
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1558:
1548:
1538:
1537:
1536:
1529:L'Usine Nouvelle
1519:
1518:
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1502:
1501:
1500:
1485:
1484:
1483:
1469:
1468:
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1134:
1128:
1122:
1116:
1110:
1104:
1098:
1092:
1086:
1080:
1074:
1068:
1062:
1056:
1050:
1044:
1038:
1032:
1026:
1020:
1014:
1008:
1002:
996:
987:
981:
975:
969:
954:
948:
939:
933:
927:
921:
908:
902:
896:
890:
863:
857:
844:
838:
832:
826:
809:
803:
797:
791:
752:Legion of Honour
716:Saint Petersburg
448:Tain-l'Hermitage
418:Legion of Honour
410:Legion of Honour
175:. The architect
42:
30:
29:
21:
1920:
1919:
1915:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1910:
1909:
1875:
1874:
1873:
1868:
1786:
1735:
1712:
1703:
1673:
1626:
1624:
1608:
1606:
1584:
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1513:
1498:
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1410:
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1384:
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1371:
1367:
1359:
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1311:
1307:
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1192:
1188:
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1033:
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949:
942:
934:
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922:
911:
903:
899:
891:
866:
858:
847:
839:
835:
827:
812:
804:
800:
792:
781:
777:
756:Sainte-Chapelle
731:Auguste Mimerel
676:
615:
609:
581:Alphonse Giroux
560:
548:Zuber & Cie
540:Zuber & Cie
506:
489:
480:
464:
426:
372:
355:
299:
286:
242:
234:
181:Arc de Triomphe
169:
132:
45:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1918:
1908:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1870:
1869:
1867:
1866:
1860:
1854:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1807:
1801:
1794:
1792:
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1785:
1784:
1779:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1763:
1758:
1755:
1749:
1743:
1741:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1733:
1728:
1722:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1702:
1701:
1694:
1687:
1679:
1672:
1671:
1661:
1651:
1641:
1632:
1613:
1590:
1571:
1549:
1539:
1520:
1503:
1486:
1470:
1454:
1438:
1415:
1399:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1377:
1365:
1353:
1326:
1324:, p. 504.
1314:
1305:
1303:, p. 156.
1293:
1262:
1250:
1235:
1223:
1198:
1186:
1171:
1159:
1147:
1145:, p. 273.
1135:
1133:, p. 120.
1123:
1111:
1099:
1087:
1085:, p. 246.
1075:
1063:
1051:
1039:
1027:
1015:
1003:
988:
976:
955:
940:
928:
909:
897:
864:
845:
833:
829:Chandler 1990a
810:
798:
778:
776:
773:
727:Champs-Élysées
702:was declared.
675:
672:
671:
670:
667:daguerreotypes
663:
658:presented the
649:
639:
620:Hector Berlioz
611:Main article:
608:
605:
600:Louis Daguerre
585:Louis Daguerre
564:Champs-Élysées
559:
556:
518:Palais Bourbon
502:Main article:
488:
485:
479:
476:
463:
460:
425:
422:
420:for his loom.
406:
405:
399:
396:
371:
368:
354:
351:
335:Nicolas Appert
298:
295:
285:
282:
241:
238:
233:
232:Napoleonic era
230:
229:
228:
222:
216:
209:
206:
168:
165:
131:
128:
118:
117:
113:
112:
109:
105:
104:
101:
97:
96:
92:
91:
88:
84:
83:
80:
76:
75:
71:
70:
67:
63:
62:
59:
52:
51:
47:
46:
43:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1917:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1865:(1951, Lille)
1864:
1861:
1858:
1855:
1853:(1947, Paris)
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1800:(1881, Paris)
1799:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1789:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1738:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1700:
1695:
1693:
1688:
1686:
1681:
1680:
1677:
1668:
1667:
1662:
1658:
1657:
1652:
1648:
1647:
1642:
1638:
1633:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1591:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1562:
1555:
1550:
1546:
1545:
1540:
1530:
1526:
1521:
1511:
1510:
1504:
1494:
1493:
1487:
1478:
1477:
1471:
1462:
1461:
1455:
1446:
1445:
1439:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1416:
1407:
1406:
1400:
1397:
1393:
1392:
1387:
1386:
1374:
1369:
1362:
1357:
1350:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1323:
1318:
1309:
1302:
1297:
1290:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1260:, p. 53.
1259:
1254:
1248:, p. 49.
1247:
1242:
1240:
1233:, p. 48.
1232:
1227:
1220:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1195:
1190:
1184:, p. 44.
1183:
1178:
1176:
1169:, p. 43.
1168:
1163:
1157:, p. 37.
1156:
1151:
1144:
1139:
1132:
1127:
1120:
1115:
1109:, p. 28.
1108:
1103:
1097:, p. 27.
1096:
1091:
1084:
1079:
1073:, p. 25.
1072:
1067:
1060:
1059:Merceron 2000
1055:
1048:
1043:
1037:, p. 24.
1036:
1031:
1025:, p. 22.
1024:
1019:
1013:, p. 23.
1012:
1007:
1001:, p. 12.
1000:
995:
993:
986:, p. 10.
985:
980:
973:
968:
966:
964:
962:
960:
952:
947:
945:
938:, p. 21.
937:
932:
926:, p. 20.
925:
920:
918:
916:
914:
906:
901:
894:
889:
887:
885:
883:
881:
879:
877:
875:
873:
871:
869:
861:
856:
854:
852:
850:
842:
837:
830:
825:
823:
821:
819:
817:
815:
807:
802:
795:
790:
788:
786:
784:
779:
772:
770:
766:
765:
764:The Art Union
759:
757:
753:
749:
743:
741:
735:
732:
728:
723:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
692:
685:
684:Les Invalides
680:
668:
664:
661:
657:
653:
650:
647:
643:
640:
637:
633:
632:
631:
627:
625:
621:
614:
601:
597:
596:daguerreotype
592:
588:
586:
582:
578:
572:
568:
565:
555:
553:
549:
541:
537:
533:
531:
527:
526:Charles Dupin
521:
519:
515:
511:
505:
497:
496:Charles Dupin
493:
484:
478:July Monarchy
475:
473:
469:
459:
457:
453:
449:
445:
440:
430:
421:
419:
415:
411:
404:
400:
397:
394:
393:
392:
388:
385:
376:
367:
364:
360:
350:
348:
342:
340:
336:
332:
328:
323:
321:
317:
308:
303:
294:
292:
281:
279:
278:Jacquard loom
274:
269:
267:
263:
259:
251:
246:
237:
226:
223:
220:
217:
214:
210:
207:
204:
201:
200:
199:
193:
188:
184:
182:
178:
174:
173:Champ de Mars
164:
161:
156:
151:
148:
141:
136:
127:
125:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
72:
68:
64:
60:
57:
53:
48:
41:
36:
31:
19:
1859:(1949, Lyon)
1717:
1665:
1655:
1645:
1636:
1625:, retrieved
1620:
1607:, retrieved
1602:
1598:
1583:, retrieved
1578:
1565:, retrieved
1560:
1543:
1533:, retrieved
1528:
1514:, retrieved
1508:
1497:, retrieved
1491:
1480:, retrieved
1475:
1464:, retrieved
1459:
1448:, retrieved
1443:
1432:, retrieved
1427:
1424:World's Fair
1423:
1409:, retrieved
1404:
1390:
1368:
1356:
1317:
1308:
1301:Colmont 1855
1296:
1258:Colmont 1855
1253:
1246:Colmont 1855
1231:Colmont 1855
1226:
1189:
1182:Colmont 1855
1167:Colmont 1855
1162:
1155:Colmont 1855
1150:
1138:
1126:
1119:Colmont 1855
1114:
1107:Colmont 1855
1102:
1095:Colmont 1855
1090:
1078:
1071:Colmont 1855
1066:
1054:
1047:Colmont 1855
1042:
1035:Colmont 1855
1030:
1023:Colmont 1855
1018:
1011:Colmont 1855
1006:
999:Colmont 1855
984:Colmont 1855
979:
931:
907:, p. 9.
905:Colmont 1855
900:
895:, p. 2.
862:, p. 8.
860:Colmont 1855
843:, p. 7.
841:Colmont 1855
836:
808:, p. 4.
806:Colmont 1855
801:
762:
760:
744:
736:
724:
697:
660:arithmometer
634:Gold medal:
628:
623:
616:
577:Daugerrotype
573:
569:
561:
545:
522:
514:La Madeleine
507:
481:
465:
435:
407:
389:
381:
356:
343:
324:
312:
287:
270:
255:
235:
213:Firmin Didot
196:
170:
152:
144:
123:
121:
1791:Specialized
1623:(in French)
1581:(in French)
1563:(in French)
1531:(in French)
1373:Déniel 2013
1143:Costaz 1806
1083:Costaz 1806
718:(1848) and
642:Adolphe Sax
456:Marc Seguin
211:Pierre and
1879:Categories
1718:Industrial
1609:2017-10-11
1567:2017-10-11
1535:2017-08-11
1516:2017-10-11
1499:2017-10-11
1482:2017-10-12
1466:2017-10-12
1450:2017-10-12
1434:2017-10-12
1411:2017-10-12
130:Background
740:saxophone
155:Directory
714:(1845),
710:(1845),
552:Mulhouse
516:and the
512:between
262:Napoleon
95:Timeline
74:Location
50:Overview
1740:General
1627:6 April
1585:6 April
1396:Gallica
1382:Sources
646:Saxhorn
528:of the
273:consuls
108:Closure
100:Opening
79:Country
1806:(1914)
1754:(1858)
1710:France
720:Lisbon
712:Madrid
656:Colmar
266:Louvre
82:France
58:-class
1557:(PDF)
775:Notes
594:1844
446:from
444:Rhône
403:Rouen
90:Paris
1629:2014
1587:2013
708:Bern
153:The
122:The
111:1849
103:1798
87:City
66:Name
1708:in
1605:(2)
1430:(1)
654:of
598:of
550:in
450:to
56:BIE
1881::
1619:,
1603:25
1601:,
1597:,
1577:,
1559:,
1527:,
1426:,
1422:,
1329:^
1265:^
1238:^
1201:^
1174:^
991:^
958:^
943:^
912:^
867:^
848:^
813:^
782:^
349:.
1698:e
1691:t
1684:v
1428:X
1375:.
1363:.
1351:.
1291:.
1221:.
1196:.
1061:.
974:.
953:.
831:.
796:.
662:.
648:.
252:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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