40:
65:
115:
90:
555:
122:
97:
72:
47:
602:
Cunningham states that the Spiti and Parang rivers are roughly equal in volume. But Parang is only a "very large rushing torrent" while Spiti is very deep rapid river. After the union of the two at Sumdo (the old Chang-Razing), the combined river flows south for about 25 miles (40 km), where it
586:
The Para rises in the Parang Pass, to the of the Bara Lacha range, in N. latitude 32° 25', and E. longitude 77° 50', at an elevation of 18,000 feet. It first flows for about twenty-five miles to the northeast, and for about twenty-five miles to the east as far as
591:. From this point it turns to the south-east, and afterwards to the south-west, to its junction with the Spiti at Chang-Razing. Its whole length is 130 miles, and its fall about 7,500 feet, or 57.7 feet per mile.
501:
738:"The Development of the Boundary between the State of Jammu & Kashmir and British India, and its Representation on Maps of the Lingti Plain"
650:, pp. 225–226: "... the Para River which, after passing through a small part of Tibet, later enters Spiti and joins the Spiti River."
39:
532:. The Tibetans and Ladakhis were more likely to call it by the name of locale above their own, as the "Rupshu river" or "Tsotso river",
623:
The Bara Lacha range (also called
Paralasa range) runs immediately to the northeast of the Great Himalayan range, similar to the
596:
595:
Interestingly, Spiti River flows by the Parang Pass only 10 km to its west. The Parang River joins it about 80 km downstream at
312:
64:
796:
753:
234:
114:
89:
554:
559:
780:
801:
539:
216:
179:
806:
489:
169:
715:
677:
811:
579:
665:
653:
8:
726:
763:
749:
525:
745:
575:
481:
459:
437:
415:
298:
220:
161:
394:
Takling Nala, Chumur stream, Kyumsalung
Panglung, Pangnang, Baglung, Sumkhel Chu
368:
737:
790:
761:
683:
671:
659:
624:
327:
314:
249:
236:
558:
The circuitous route of Parang River appears at the right of this map (from
567:
543:
497:
477:
374:
187:
183:
562:, 1907); British territories shown in pink and princely states in yellow.
285:
280:
735:
647:
536:
being the name of the valley in West Tibet through which it flows.
694:
692:
689:
604:
588:
571:
505:
485:
467:
445:
423:
165:
714:
500:. After its circuitous journey, it joins the Spiti River near
151:
147:
524:
in Karab-Bargyok (in the
Tibetan part of its course). In
768:, London: William Clows and Sons – via archive.org
720:, Calcutta: Superintendent of Government Printing, 1890
504:
in
Himachal Pradesh and the combined river then joins
484:
and ends in
Himachal Pradesh again, but flows through
731:, London: Wm. H. Allen and Co – via archive.org
570:
and ends in Spiti, taking a circuitous route through
492:
before doing so. The origin of the river is near the
684:
Strachey, Physical
Geography of Western Tibet (1854)
672:
Strachey, Physical
Geography of Western Tibet (1854)
660:
Strachey, Physical
Geography of Western Tibet (1854)
546:, and called it "Rupshu Sutlej" or "Tsotso Sutlej".
742:Ladakhi Histories: Local and Regional Perspectives
724:
698:
520:in Tibetan, is based on the shepherds' ground of
788:
744:, Brill's Tibetan Studies Library, vol. 9,
648:Howard, Development of the Boundary (2005)
480:, that originates in the Indian state of
728:Ladak: Physical, Statistical, Historical
553:
542:regarded it as the western headwater of
789:
516:The name "Para River", which becomes
121:
96:
71:
46:
765:Physical Geography of Western Tibet
13:
476:) is an upstream tributary of the
14:
823:
773:
578:(West Tibet). British geographer
357:130 mi (210 km) approx.
120:
113:
95:
88:
70:
63:
45:
38:
708:
566:The Parang River originates in
725:Cunningham, Alexander (1854),
717:Gazetteer of Kashmir and Ladak
641:
617:
472:
450:
428:
306: • coordinates
228: • coordinates
206:Baralacha range near Parang La
1:
634:
349:10,500 ft (3,200 m)
271:18,000 ft (5,500 m)
194:Physical characteristics
345: • elevation
267: • elevation
54:Show map of Himachal Pradesh
7:
560:Imperial Gazetteer of India
293: • location
212: • location
10:
828:
797:Rivers of Himachal Pradesh
599:, near the Tibet border.
549:
463:
441:
419:
398:
388:
380:
366:
361:
353:
343:
304:
291:
279:
275:
265:
226:
217:Lahaul and Spiti district
210:
202:
198:
193:
180:Lahaul and Spiti district
175:
157:
143:
138:
32:
23:
783:marked on OpenStreetMap.
762:Strachey, Henry (1854),
699:Cunningham, Ladak (1854)
610:
400: • right
740:, in Bray, John (ed.),
528:, the river was called
511:
390: • left
593:
563:
736:Howard, Neil (2005),
584:
557:
328:32.05128°N 78.60485°E
18:River in India, China
580:Alexander Cunningham
362:Basin features
324: /
250:32.4692°N 78.1628°E
246: /
564:
333:32.05128; 78.60485
686:, pp. 43–44.
498:Spiti subdistrict
408:
407:
129:Show map of China
104:Show map of India
79:Show map of Ngari
819:
802:Rivers of Ladakh
781:Para River basin
769:
758:
746:Brill Publishers
732:
721:
702:
696:
687:
681:
675:
669:
663:
657:
651:
645:
628:
621:
482:Himachal Pradesh
474:
465:
452:
443:
430:
421:
401:
391:
371:
339:
338:
336:
335:
334:
329:
325:
322:
321:
320:
317:
299:Himachal Pradesh
268:
261:
260:
258:
257:
256:
255:32.4692; 78.1628
251:
247:
244:
243:
242:
239:
229:
221:Himachal Pradesh
213:
162:Himachal Pradesh
130:
124:
123:
117:
105:
99:
98:
92:
80:
74:
73:
67:
55:
49:
48:
42:
21:
20:
827:
826:
822:
821:
820:
818:
817:
816:
807:Rivers of Tibet
787:
786:
776:
756:
711:
706:
705:
697:
690:
682:
678:
670:
666:
658:
654:
646:
642:
637:
632:
631:
622:
618:
613:
552:
514:
432:), also called
399:
389:
367:
346:
332:
330:
326:
323:
318:
315:
313:
311:
310:
307:
294:
266:
254:
252:
248:
245:
240:
237:
235:
233:
232:
227:
211:
134:
133:
132:
131:
128:
127:
126:
125:
108:
107:
106:
103:
102:
101:
100:
83:
82:
81:
78:
77:
76:
75:
58:
57:
56:
53:
52:
51:
50:
28:
25:
19:
12:
11:
5:
825:
815:
814:
809:
804:
799:
785:
784:
775:
774:External links
772:
771:
770:
759:
754:
733:
722:
710:
707:
704:
703:
701:, p. 131.
688:
676:
664:
652:
639:
638:
636:
633:
630:
629:
615:
614:
612:
609:
551:
548:
540:Henry Strachey
513:
510:
406:
405:
402:
396:
395:
392:
386:
385:
382:
378:
377:
372:
364:
363:
359:
358:
355:
351:
350:
347:
344:
341:
340:
308:
305:
302:
301:
295:
292:
289:
288:
283:
277:
276:
273:
272:
269:
263:
262:
230:
224:
223:
214:
208:
207:
204:
200:
199:
196:
195:
191:
190:
177:
173:
172:
159:
155:
154:
145:
141:
140:
136:
135:
119:
118:
112:
111:
110:
109:
94:
93:
87:
86:
85:
84:
69:
68:
62:
61:
60:
59:
44:
43:
37:
36:
35:
34:
33:
30:
29:
26:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
824:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
794:
792:
782:
778:
777:
767:
766:
760:
757:
755:9789004145511
751:
747:
743:
739:
734:
730:
729:
723:
719:
718:
713:
712:
700:
695:
693:
685:
680:
674:, p. 30.
673:
668:
662:, p. 35.
661:
656:
649:
644:
640:
626:
625:Zanskar range
620:
616:
608:
606:
600:
598:
592:
590:
583:
581:
577:
576:Ngari Khorsum
573:
569:
561:
556:
547:
545:
541:
537:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
509:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
469:
461:
457:
453:
447:
439:
435:
431:
425:
417:
413:
403:
397:
393:
387:
383:
379:
376:
373:
370:
365:
360:
356:
352:
348:
342:
337:
309:
303:
300:
296:
290:
287:
284:
282:
278:
274:
270:
264:
259:
231:
225:
222:
218:
215:
209:
205:
201:
197:
192:
189:
185:
181:
178:
174:
171:
167:
163:
160:
156:
153:
149:
146:
142:
137:
116:
91:
66:
41:
31:
22:
16:
764:
741:
727:
716:
709:Bibliography
679:
667:
655:
643:
619:
601:
594:
585:
565:
544:Sutlej River
538:
533:
529:
521:
517:
515:
496:pass in the
493:
478:Sutlej River
471:
455:
449:
433:
427:
412:Parang River
411:
409:
375:Sutlej River
369:River system
297:Near Sumdo,
188:Zanda County
184:Leh district
24:Parang River
15:
812:Indus basin
381:Tributaries
331: /
286:Spiti River
253: /
791:Categories
635:References
603:joins the
434:Para River
404:Chepzilung
319:78°36′17″E
316:32°03′05″N
241:78°09′46″E
238:32°28′09″N
494:Parang La
526:Kinnauri
518:Pare Chu
473:Pà lǐ qū
456:Pare Chu
451:Bā lā hé
429:Pà lǐ hé
176:District
139:Location
27:Pare Chu
582:wries:
460:Chinese
438:Chinese
416:Chinese
144:Country
752:
605:Sutlej
589:Chumur
572:Ladakh
550:Course
534:Tsotso
530:Parati
506:Sutlej
486:Ladakh
470::
468:pinyin
462::
454:) and
448::
446:pinyin
440::
426::
424:pinyin
418::
384:
354:Length
203:Source
166:Ladakh
611:Notes
597:Sumdo
568:Spiti
502:Sumdo
490:Tibet
281:Mouth
170:Tibet
158:State
152:China
148:India
779:The
750:ISBN
574:and
522:Para
512:Name
488:and
410:The
464:帕里曲
442:巴拉河
420:帕里河
793::
748:,
691:^
607:.
508:.
466:;
444:;
422:;
219:,
186:,
182:,
168:,
164:,
150:,
627:.
458:(
436:(
414:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
