Ladakh - Knowledge

1208: 3481: 74: 839: 2045: 899: 3858: 1216: 2680: 2123:) is the largest wild sheep species in the world, standing 1.1 to 1.2 metres (3.5 to 4 ft) at the shoulder, possessing very large, curled horns measuring 900–1,000 mm (35–39 in). It is distributed on the Tibetan Plateau and its marginal ranges, encompassing a total home range of 2.5 million km (0.97 million sq mi); however, there is only a small population, of about 400 animals, in Ladakh. Unlike other mountain sheep and goat species, the argali prefers open, grassy fields and rolling hills as it prefers to run, rather than climb into steep terrain, to flee from danger. The endangered 3551: 2691: 3575: 3930: 4154:(subscription required) Quote: "Kashmir, region of the northwestern Indian subcontinent ... has been the subject of dispute between India and Pakistan since the partition of the Indian subcontinent in 1947. The northern and western portions are administered by Pakistan and comprise three areas: Azad Kashmir, Gilgit, and Baltistan, the last two being part of a territory called the Northern Areas. Administered by India are the southern and southeastern portions, which constitute the state of Jammu and Kashmir but are slated to be split into two union territories."; 1738: 3918: 1636: 3353: 3882: 1087: 3534: 1519: 1307: 1277: 3942: 52: 861: 9417: 723: 1026: 2268: 1292: 5356:: "While the whole of Ladakh and adjacent regions were originally populated by speakers of Eastern Iranian (Scythian), Lower Ladakh (as well as Baltistan) was also subject to several immigration waves of Indoaryan (Dardic) speakers and other groups from Central Asia. Upper Ladakh and the neighbouring regions to the east, by contrast, seem to have been populated additionally by speakers of a non-Tibetan Tibeto-Burman language, namely West Himalayan (Old Zhangzhung;...)." 1054: 3894: 3870: 3906: 63: 3440: 4334:

Kashmir Valley, Jammu, and Ladakh.) and AJK ('Azad" (Free) Jammu and Kashmir. The more populous part of Pakistani-controlled J&K, with a population of approximately 2.5 million.), it includes the sparsely populated "Northern Areas" of Gilgit and Baltistan, remote mountainous regions which are directly administered, unlike AJK, by the Pakistani central authorities, and some high-altitude uninhabitable tracts under Chinese control."

3706: 1140: 1180:, many Buddhist temples and artefacts were damaged. Ali Sher Khan took the king and his soldiers as captives. Jamyang Namgyal was later restored to the throne by Ali Sher Khan and given the hand of a Muslim princess in marriage. Her name was Gyal Khatun or Argyal Khatoom. She was to be the first queen and her son was to become the next ruler. Historical accounts differ upon who her father was. Some identify Ali's ally and Raja of 1042: 3432: 2799: 2768: 2161: 1332: 1996: 1746: 1754: 1715: 2153: 789:. Sandwiched between Kashmir and Zhangzhung, Ladakh is believed to have been alternatively under the control of one or other of these powers. Academics find strong influences of Zhangzhung language and culture in "upper Ladakh" (from the middle section of the Indus valley to the southeast). The penultimate king of Zhangzhung is said to have been from Ladakh. 4177:(subscription required) Quote: "Aksai Chin, Chinese (Pinyin) Aksayqin, portion of the Kashmir region, at the northernmost extent of the Indian subcontinent in south-central Asia. It constitutes nearly all the territory of the Chinese-administered sector of Kashmir that is claimed by India to be part of the Ladakh area of Jammu and Kashmir state."; 1968:. Its highest point is about 6,700 m (22,000 ft) and the northern slopes are heavily glaciated. The region comprising the valley of the Shayok and Nubra rivers is known as Nubra. The Karakoram Range in Ladakh is not as mighty as in Baltistan. The massifs to the north and east of the Nubra–Siachen line include the 4210:

C. E Bosworth, University of Manchester Quote: "KASHMIR, kash'mer, the northernmost region of the Indian subcontinent, administered partlv by India, partly by Pakistan, and partly by China. The region has been the subject of a bitter dispute between India and Pakistan since they became independent in

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The situation between the two nations was complicated by the 1957–1959 uprising by Tibetans against Chinese rule. Refugees poured across the Indian border, and the Indian public was outraged. Any compromise with China on the border issue became impossible. Similarly, China was offended that India

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The sex ratio for Leh district declined from 1011 females per 1000 males in 1951 to 805 in 2001, while for Kargil district it declined from 970 to 901. The urban sex ratio in both the districts is about 640. The adult sex ratio reflects large numbers of mostly male seasonal and migrant labourers and

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Ladakh, large area of the northern and eastern Kashmir region, northwestern Indian subcontinent. Administratively, Ladakh is divided between Pakistan (northwest), as part of Gilgit-Baltistan, and India (southeast), as part of Ladakh union territory (until October 31, 2019, part of Jammu and Kashmir

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to take decisions on economic development, healthcare, education, land use, taxation, and local governance which are further reviewed at the block headquarters in the presence of the chief executive councillor and executive councillors. The government of Jammu and Kashmir looks after law and order,

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Scant precipitation makes Ladakh a high-altitude desert with extremely scarce vegetation over most of its area. Natural vegetation mainly occurs along water courses and on high altitude areas that receive more snow and cooler summer temperatures. Human settlements, however, are richly vegetated due

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is in the eastern Karakoram Range in the Himalaya Mountains along the disputed India-Pakistan border. The Karakoram Range forms a great watershed that separates China from the Indian subcontinent and is sometimes called the "Third Pole." The glacier lies between the Saltoro Ridge immediately to the

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Territorial Dispute: The situation along the Sino-Indian frontier continued to worsen. In late July (1959), an Indian reconnaissance patrol was blocked, "apprehended," and eventually expelled after three weeks in custody at the hands of a larger Chinese force near Khurnak Fort in Aksai Chin. ...

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tradition of Buddhism, holds an annual masked dance festival, as do all major Ladakhi monasteries. The dances typically narrate a story of the fight between good and evil, ending with the eventual victory of the former. Weaving is an important part of traditional life in eastern Ladakh. Both women

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Indus river flowing in the Ladakh region is endowed with vast hydropower potential. Solar and wind power potentials are also substantial. Though the region is a remote hilly area without all-weather roads, the area is also rich in limestone deposits to manufacture cement from the locally available

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The regions on the north flank of the Himalayas – Dras, the Suru valley and Zangskar – experience heavy snowfall and remain cut-off from the rest of the region for several months during the year, just as the entire region remains isolated by road from the rest of the country. Summers are

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use to obtain large allocation of annual funds from the union government based on the fact that the large geographical area of the Ladakh (comprising 65% of total area), but Ladakh was allocated only 2% of the state budget based on its relative population. Within the first year of the formation of

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Leh was initially chosen to be the headquarters of the new division however, following protests, it was announced that Leh and Kargil will jointly serve as the divisional headquarters, each hosting an Additional Divisional Commissioner to assist the Divisional Commissioner and Inspector General of

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Islam begins to take root in the Leh area in the beginning of the 17th century after the Balti invasion and the marriage of Gyal to Jamyang. A large group of Muslim servants and musicians were sent along with Gyal to Ladakh and private mosques were built where they could pray. The Muslim musicians

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Quote: "J&K: Jammu and Kashmir. The former princely state that is the subject of the Kashmir dispute. Besides IJK (Indian-controlled Jammu and Kashmir. The larger and more populous part of the former princely state. It has a population of slightly over 10 million, and comprises three regions:

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According to the 2001 census, the overall literacy rate in Leh District is 62% (72% for males and 50% for females), and in Kargil District 58% (74% for males and 41% for females). Traditionally there was little or nothing by way of formal education except in the monasteries. Usually, one son from

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is another unique mountain sheep that inhabits the mountains of Ladakh. The population is declining, however, and there are not more than 3,000 individuals left in Ladakh. The urial is endemic to Ladakh, where it is distributed only along two major river valleys, namely the Indus and Shayok. The

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during this period, cutting the journey time between Srinagar and Leh from 16 days to two. The route, however, remains closed during the winter months due to heavy snowfall. Construction of a 6.5 km (4.0 mi) tunnel across Zoji La pass is under consideration to make the route functional

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for showing disrespect to him. The sheikh then went to Ladakh and proselytised many people to Islam. In 1505, Shamsuddin Iraqi, a noted Shia scholar, visited Kashmir and Baltistan. He helped in spreading Shia Islam in Kashmir and converted the overwhelming majority of Muslims in Baltistan to his

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of Kashmir and Ladák published in 1890 Compiled under the direction of the Quarter Master General in India in the Intelligence Branch in fact unequivocally states inter alia in pages 520 and 364 that Khotán is "a province in the Chinese Empire lying to the north of the Eastern Kuenlun (Kun Lun)

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Joint Commissioner with a British officer) of Baltistan and Ladakh ordered that every family with more than one child should send one of them to school. This order met with great resistance from the local people who feared that the children would be forced to convert to Christianity. The school

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too joined the contest for Xinjiang soon afterwards. Baltistan and Ladakh were at the centre of these struggles. Academics infer from the slant of Ladakhi chronicles that Ladakh may have owed its primary allegiance to Tibet during this time, but that it was more political than cultural. Ladakh

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have stations in Leh that broadcast local content for a few hours a day. Beyond that, Ladakhis produce feature films that are screened in auditoriums and community halls. They are often made on fairly modest budgets. On 14 December 2021, the first FM radio station in Ladakh was established in

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of 1679–1684. Kashmiri historians assert that the king converted to Islam in return for the assistance by Mughal Empire after this, however, Ladakhi chronicles do not mention such a thing. The king agreed to pay tribute to the Mughals in return for defending the kingdom. The Mughals, however,

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taught Tibetan, Urdu, English, Geography, Sciences, Nature study, Arithmetic, Geometry and Bible study. It is still in existence today. The first local school to provide western education was opened by a local Society called "Lamdon Social Welfare Society" in 1973. Later, with support from

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with leafy greens and vegetables. As Ladakh moves toward a cash-based economy, foods from the plains of India are becoming more common. As in other parts of Central Asia, tea in Ladakh is traditionally made with strong green tea, butter, and salt. It is mixed in a large churn and known as

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is a mountain goat that is distributed in the western part of Ladakh. It is the second-most abundant mountain ungulate in the region, with a population of about 6,000 individuals. It is adapted to rugged areas where it easily climbs near-vertical rock faces when threatened. The Ladakhi

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in the coverage. Although "controlled" and "held" are also applied neutrally to the names of the disputants or to the regions administered by them, as evidenced in sources (h) through (i) below, "held" is also considered politicised usage, as is the term "occupied," (see (j) below).

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Since 1974, the Indian Government has encouraged a shift in trekking and other tourist activities from the troubled Kashmir region to the relatively unaffected areas of Ladakh. Although tourism employs only 4% of Ladakh's working population, it now accounts for 50% of the region's

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Quote: "We move from a disputed international border to a dotted line on the map that represents a military border not recognized in international law. The line of control separates the Indian and Pakistani administered areas of the former Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir.";

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were three important Sufi missionaries who propagated Islam to the locals. Mir Sayyid Ali was the first one to make Muslim converts in Ladakh and is often described as the founder of Islam in Ladakh. Several mosques were built in Ladakh during this period, including in Mulbhe,

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in Kargil, or the Zangskaris, but they are all mutually comprehensible. Most Ladakhi people (especially the younger generations) speak fluently in English and in Hindi too, due to the languages education at school. Administrative work and education are carried out in English.

1589:. Out of the 857-kilometre-long (533 mi) border in Ladakh, only 368 km (229 mi) is the International Border, and the remaining 489 km (304 mi) is the Line of Actual Control. The stand-off involving the most troops was in September 2014 in the disputed 3684:) had for many years been around 85%–95%, while of those managing to scrape through, barely half succeeded in qualifying for college entrance (class XII). Before 1993, students were taught in Urdu until they were 14, after which the medium of instruction shifted to English. 3566:

were common in Ladakh until the early 1940s when these were made illegal by the government of Jammu and Kashmir. However, the practice remained in existence into the 1990s especially among the elderly and the more isolated rural populations. Another custom is known as

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west and the main Karakoram Range to the east. At 76 km (47 mi) long, it is the longest glacier in the Karakoram and second-longest in the world's non-polar areas. It falls from an altitude of 5,753 m (18,875 ft) above sea level at its source at

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Archery is a traditional sport in Ladakh, and many villages hold archery festivals, which are as much about traditional dancing, drinking and gambling, as they are about the sport. The sport is conducted with strict etiquette, to the accompaniment of the music of

1933:(but not Kargil), are close to the Indus River. After the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947, the stretch of the Indus flowing through Ladakh became the only part of this river, which is greatly venerated in the Hindu religion and culture, that still flows through India. 2622:

announced the formation of 5 new districts, namely Zanskar, Drass, Sham, Nubra, and Changthang in Ladakh to ease administration and increase representation by the year 2028. With this move, the total number of districts in Ladakh will increase from two to seven.

1988:(7,202 m or 23,629 ft). North of the Karakoram lies the Kunlun. Thus, between Leh and eastern Central Asia there is a triple barrier – the Ladakh Range, Karakoram Range, and Kunlun. Nevertheless, a major trade route was established between Leh and 926: 523:

In the past, Ladakh gained importance from its strategic location at the crossroads of important trade routes, but as Chinese authorities closed the borders between Tibet Autonomous Region and Ladakh in the 1960s, international trade dwindled. Since 1974, the

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which the Indian government ordered was to be respected and which was not crossed by Indian troops. The Indian government was criticised by the Indian public because India respected geographical co-ordinates more than India's opponents: Pakistan and China.

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with its two campuses (One each in Kargil & Leh) and its constituent colleges enables students to pursue higher education without having to leave Ladakh. A central University has also been approved to be set up in Ladakh by the Union Cabinet. The

3571:, or 'little house', in which the elders of a family, as soon as the eldest son has sufficiently matured, retire from participation in affairs, yielding the headship of the family to him and taking only enough of the property for their own sustenance. 5394:, pp. 12–15: "Ladakh's geographical position leaves no room for doubt that its ancient caravan routes must have often served as a path first for conquest and then for retreat of the opposing armies as they alternated between victory and defeat." 7001: 7794: 1019:), but in the Tibetan language it was interpreted to mean "lowland" (the lowland of Ngari). Maryul remained staunchly Buddhist during this period, having participated in the second diffusion of Buddhism from India to Tibet via Kashmir and Zanskar. 1648:, while some people in Kargil opposed union territory status for Ladakh. The first organised agitation was launched against Kashmir's "dominance" in the year 1964. In late 1980s, a much larger mass agitation was launched to press their demand for 3679:

Schools are well distributed throughout Ladakh but 75% of them provide only primary education. 65% of children attend school, but absenteeism of both students and teachers remains high. In both districts the failure rate at school-leaving level

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and some international organisations, the school, now known as Lamdon Model Senior Secondary School, has grown to accommodate approximately two thousand pupils in several branches. It prides itself on preserving Ladakhi tradition and culture.

3164:), with a total population of 140,802, while that of Leh is 66.40% Buddhist, with a total population of 133,487, as per the 2011 census. In 2024, 5 new districts were created. Currently Buddhism is the majority faith in five of the districts- 7306: 4310:

Circumstances worsened further in October 1959, when a major class at Kongka Pass in eastern Ladakh led to nine dead and ten captured Indian border personnel, making it by far the most serious Sino-Indian class since India's independence.

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animal is often persecuted by farmers, whose crops are allegedly damaged by flocks of urial. Its population declined dramatically in the late twentieth century, due to indiscriminate shooting by hunters along the Leh-Srinagar Highway.

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later settled in Leh. Several hundred Baltis migrated to the kingdom and according to oral tradition many Muslim traders were granted land to settle. Many other Muslims were invited over the following years for various purposes.

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had given political asylum to the Dalai Lama when he fled across the border in March 1959. In late 1959, there were shots fired between border patrols operating along both the ill-defined McMahon Line and in the Aksai Chin.

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of Ladák" and "The eastern range forms the southern boundary of Khotán, and is crossed by two passes, the Yangi or Elchi Díwan, crossed in 1865 by Johnson and the Hindútak Díwan, crossed by Robert Schlagentweit in

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59/1 It was, however, conquered and annexed in 1834–1841 by Gulab Singh of Jammu—the unwarlike Ladakhis, even with nature fighting on their side, and against indifferent generalship, being no match for the Dogra

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The people of Ladakh had been demanding Ladakh to be constituted as a separate territory since 1930s, because of perceived unfair treatment by Kashmir and Ladakh's cultural differences with predominantly Muslim

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Programmes by the government, local and international organisations are working to develop and rejuvenate this traditional system of healing. Efforts are underway to preserve the intellectual property rights of

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which contained provisions to reconstitute Ladakh as a union territory, separate from the rest of Jammu and Kashmir on 31 October 2019. Under the terms of the act, the union territory is administered by a

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Vegetation is extremely sparse in Ladakh except along streambeds and wetlands, on high slopes, and irrigated places. About 1250 plant species, including crops, were reported from Ladakh. The plant

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between India, Pakistan and China. Ladakh has 59,146 km (22,836 sq mi) of area controlled by India and 72,971 km (28,174 sq mi) of area controlled by Pakistan under

8633: 8138: 6179: 5145:: "Under Aurangzeb (1659–1707), Mughal suzerainty was also acknowledged by Ladakh ('Great Tibet') in 1665, though it was contested in 1681–3 by the Oirat or Kalmuk (Qalmaq) rulers of Tibet." 3558:

A feature of Ladakhi society that distinguishes it from the rest of the state is the high status and relative emancipation enjoyed by women compared to other rural parts of India. Fraternal

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means "victorious" in several Tibetan languages). The Namgyals repelled most Central Asian raiders and temporarily extended the kingdom as far as Nepal. During the Balti invasion led by

969:(to the southwest of Ladakh). This three-way division of Nyimagon's empire was recognised as historic and remembered in the chronicles of all the three regions as a founding narrative. 1668:

acting on behalf of the Central Government of India and does not have an elected legislative assembly or chief minister. Each district within the union territory continues to elect an

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Trekking in Zanskar & Ladakh: Nubra Valley, Tso Moriri & Pangong Lake, Step By step Details of Every Trek: a Most Authentic & Colourful Trekkers' guide with maps 2001–2002

7077: 6630: 1542:. Extensive operations were launched in high altitudes by the Indian Army with considerable artillery and air force support. Pakistani troops were evicted from the Indian side of the 7602: 5940: 7855: 3694:(SECMOL) launched Operation New Hope (ONH), a campaign to provide "culturally appropriate and locally relevant education" and make government schools more functional and effective. 6556: 6839:

Namgail, T.; Bagchi, S.; Bhatnagar, Y.V.; Wangchuk, R. (2005). "Occurrence of the Tibetan sand fox Vulpes ferrilata Hodgson in Ladakh: A new record for the Indian sub-Continent".

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chanting, performed without metrical timing, is accompanied by resonant drums and low, sustained syllables. Religious mask dances are an important part of Ladakh's cultural life.

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merchants. About 84% of Ladakh's population lives in villages. The average annual population growth rate from 1981 to 2001 was 2.75% in Leh District and 2.83% in Kargil district.

2011:) has been attributed to abnormal rain patterns and retreating glaciers, both of which have been found to be linked to global climate change. The Leh Nutrition Project, headed by 1550:

The Ladakh region was divided into the Kargil and Leh districts in 1979. In 1989, there were violent riots between Buddhists and Muslims. Following demands for autonomy from the

11229: 10957: 7385: 6106: 3941: 2064:, growing up to 6,150 metres (20,180 ft) above sea level, was first described here and named after this region. The first European to study the wildlife of this region was 6580:

Namgail, T. (2006). Trans-Himalayan large herbivores: status, conservation, and niche relationships. Report submitted to the Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx Zoo, New York.

6495: 4461: 8014: 6009: 8178: 9230: 7441: 4836: 603:(12%) with the remaining 2% made of other religions. Ladakh is one of the most sparsely populated regions in India. Its culture and history are closely related to those of 4355:

Quote: "Kashmir's identity remains hotly disputed with a UN-supervised "Line of Control" still separating Pakistani-held Azad ("Free") Kashmir from Indian-held Kashmir.";

5709:, ed. John Bray. Supplement to Rivista Orientali, pp. 59–79; (2) Emmer, Gerhard(2007) "Dga' ldan tshe dbang dpal bzang po and the Tibet-Ladakh-Mughal War of 1679–84," in 5705:

See the following studies (1) Halkias, T. Georgios(2009) "Until the Feathers of the Winged Black Raven Turn White: Sources for the Tibet-Bashahr Treaty of 1679–1684," in

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There are about 1,800 km (1,100 mi) of roads in Ladakh of which 800 km (500 mi) are surfaced. The majority of roads in Ladakh are looked after by the

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is the highest peak in the Saser Muztagh, the easternmost subrange of the Karakoram Range in India, Saser Kangri I having an altitude of 7,672 m (25,171 ft).

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Yabgo Shey Gilazi as her father, while others identify Ali himself as the father. In the early 17th century efforts were made to restore the destroyed artefacts and

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has no major peaks; its average height is a little less than 6,000 m (20,000 ft), and few of its passes are less than 5,000 m (16,000 ft). The

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which generally denies passage of any monsoon clouds. The main source of water is the winter snowfall on the mountains. Recent flooding in the region (e.g., the

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Quote: Ladakh, the Persian transliteration of the Tibetan La-dvags, is warranted by the pronunciation of the word in several Tibetan districts. The terminal

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Antiquities of Indian Tibet. Vol. 1: Personal Narrative; Vol. 2: The Chronicles of Ladak and Minor Chronicles, texts and translations, with Notes and Maps

8112: 5881: 5713:, eds. Uradyn Bulag, Hildegard Diemberger, Leiden, Brill, pp. 81–107; (3) Ahmad, Zahiruddin (1968) "New Light on the Tibet-Ladakh-Mughal War of 1679–84." 1207: 11472: 11183: 10950: 4944: 2740:. However, since the Chinese Government closed the borders between Tibet Autonomous Region and Ladakh, this international trade has completely dried up. 9364:

Zeisler, Bettina. (2010). "East of the Moon and West of the Sun? Approaches to a Land with Many Names, North of Ancient India and South of Khotan." In:

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in the Ladakh region, although it is not found in some parts of Zangskar and Sham areas. The bharal is one of the preferred choices of prey of the rare

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Quote: "Jammu and Kashmir: Territory in northwestern India, subject to a dispute between India and Pakistan. It has borders with Pakistan and China."

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Travels in the Himalayan Provinces of Hindustan and the Panjab; in Ladakh and Kashmir, in Peshawar, Kabul, Kunduz, and Bokhara ... from 1819 to 1825

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held in Leh every year since 2012. Held at a height of 11,500 to 17,618 feet (3,505 to 5,370 m), it is one of the world's highest marathons.

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in December 1684. The Treaty of Tingmosgang in 1684 settled the dispute between Tibet and Ladakh but severely restricted Ladakh's independence.

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The Roof of the World: Being the Narrative of a Journey over the high plateau of Tibet to the Russian Frontier and the Oxus sources on Pamir.

7685: 6859: 6591: 4011:, which is claimed by India as part of Ladakh. Additionally, it has 5,180 km (2,000 sq mi) of area controlled by China under 2026:

The Zanskar (along with its tributaries) is the primary waterway of the region. The Zanskar freezes solid during the winter, and the famous

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Halkias, Georgios (2009) "Until the Feathers of the Winged Black Raven Turn White: Sources for the Tibet-Bashahr Treaty of 1679–1684", in

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as an integral part of the religion. These chants are complex, often recitations of sacred texts or in celebration of various festivals.

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All of Indian Ladakh is placed in high risk Zone VIII, while areas from Kargil and Zanskar southwestward are in lower risk zones on the

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in Leh is the oldest institution in this reason which mainly focuses on Buddhist philosophy but also offer degrees in different fields.

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Proceedings of the Tenth Seminar of the IATS, 2003. Volume 9: The Mongolia-Tibet Interface: Opening New Research Terrains in Inner Asia

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German, Dmitry A.; Al-Shehbaz, Ihsan A. (1 December 2010). "Nomenclatural novelties in miscellaneous Asian Brassicaceae (Cruciferae)".

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districts now each have their own locally elected Hill Councils with some control over local policy and development funds. In 1991, a

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Habitat segregation between sympatric Tibetan argali Ovis ammon hodgsoni and blue sheep Pseudois nayaur in the Indian Trans-Himalaya

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has been the traditional health system of Ladakh for over a thousand years. This school of traditional healing contains elements of

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The two autonomous district councils continue to exist following the formation of the union territory of Ladakh on 31 October 2019.

11145: 8182: 7508: 1266:, the Tibetans attacked again in 1684. The Tibetans were victorious and concluded a treaty with Ladakh then they retreated back to 9026: 7355: 6401: 5085: 4828: 4583: 4400: 9000:"Historic Ruins in the Gya Valley, Eastern Ladakh, and a Consideration of Their Relationship to the History of Ladakh and Maryul" 7451: 5511: 2702:

The land is irrigated by a system of channels which funnel water from the ice and snow of the mountains. The principal crops are

8264: 8204: 7909: 3317:, is the predominant mother-tongue of Kargil district. Within Ladakh, there is a range of dialects, so that the language of the 2019:

short, though they are long enough to grow crops; summer weather is dry and pleasant. Peak temperatures range from 3 to 35

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Quote:"Some politicised terms also are used to describe parts of J&K. These terms include the words 'occupied' and 'held'."

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and wheat. Rice was previously a luxury in the Ladakhi diet, but, subsidised by the government, has now become a cheap staple.

2296: 2141:), a natural fibre of some of the finest quality. The wool of the Tibetan antelope is prized for its lightweight feel and as a 1103: 206: 3929: 3857: 3740:, in a written response has stated in Parliament that the Government of India has approved to establish a Medical College and 838: 11507: 11492: 10966: 10832: 10338: 9312: 9050: 8967: 8945: 8925: 8845: 8813: 7878: 6860:"Small mammalian herbivores as mediators of plant community dynamics in the high-altitude arid rangelands of Trans-Himalayas" 6432: 6337: 5835: 5796: 5377: 5350: 5255: 5192: 5166: 5124: 5061: 5023: 4727: 4370: 4349: 4327: 4279: 4259: 4226: 4192: 3695: 3413:) is common now, made in the Indian style with milk and sugar. Most of the surplus barley that is produced is fermented into 2195:, which sometimes preys on the livestock of the Ladakhis, is the most persecuted amongst the predators. There are also a few 651: 8837: 8413: 8365: 5117:

History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Vol. V — Development in contrast: From the sixteenth to the mid-nineteenth century

4517: 2187:, is another rare cat that preys on smaller herbivores in Ladakh. It is mostly found in Nubra, Changthang and Zangskar. The 2044: 9542: 9040: 5680: 2728:

A minority of Ladakhi people were also employed as merchants and caravan traders, facilitating trade in textiles, carpets,

1053: 400: 5545: 11477: 11333: 11155: 9537: 7768: 4165: 734:

times. Ladakh's earliest inhabitants consisted of nomads known as Kampa. Later settlements were established by Mons from

489: 6968:"Ladakh mountaineer successfully summits Mt Everest | the Administration of Union Territory of Ladakh | India" 4483: 1475:

to India, and military operations were initiated to counter the invasion. The wartime conversion of the pony trail from

898: 11413: 11198: 9521: 8015:"Lalit Group Organises Polo Tourney in Drass, Celebrating 100 Years, Sports Events Imperative To Showcase Talent: Omar" 6299: 5966: 5825: 3917: 3768: 2292: 1371: 1326: 1128: 1007:

founded by Palgyigon lasted five centuries, being weakened towards its end by the conquests of the Mongol/Mughal noble

9281:

Where Three Empires Meet: A Narrative of Recent Travel in: Kashmir, Western Tibet, Gilgit, and the adjoining countries

8659: 6303: 4651: 1471:

invaded in October and had reached Ladakh. To get defence assistance from India, Singh was told by Nehru to sign the

10852: 9583: 9353: 9338: 9219: 9080: 9011: 8989: 8884: 8859: 7742: 6939: 6912: 5769: 5742: 5690: 5663: 5636: 5609: 5582: 5555: 5521: 5496: 5463: 4655: 4302: 4091: 2180: 1882:

is the highest inhabited region in the Suru valley, after which the valley rises to 4,400 m (14,400 ft) at

1119:, the capital of Ladakh. His principal disciple, Sayyid Muhammad Nur Baksh also propagated Islam to Ladakhis and the 8334: 3687:

As of January 2022, there were 904 Government run schools in Ladakh and 113 publicly run private schools in Ladakh

2725:

lake, at 4,600 m (15,100 ft), which has what are widely considered to be the highest fields in the world.

1722:

Ladakh is the highest plateau in India with most of it being over 3,000 m (9,800 ft). It extends from the

9406: 9259: 9121: 3730: 1306: 5732: 10790: 10734: 10693: 9655: 9506: 7188: 6929: 6708:"Perceived conflicts between pastoralism and conservation of the Kiang Equus kiang in the Ladakh Trans- Himalaya" 5759: 3722: 3709: 3492:, which is played only on natural ice generally mid-December through mid-February. Cricket is also very popular. 2809: 2802: 2792: 2660: 1246: 7569: 6357: 5599: 5572: 4990: 1863:(5,000–5,500 m or 16,400–18,000 ft) and increase toward southeast, culminating in the twin summits of 1585:

forces from China have, since the 1962 Sino-Indian War, had frequent stand-offs along the Ladakh portion of the

1158:

during his invasion although Shia Islam and Noorbakshia Islam continued to flourish in other regions of Ladakh.

945:. After the death of Nyimagon, his kingdom was divided among his three sons, Palgyigon receiving Ladakh, Rutog, 8116: 7095: 5626: 5425: 3642:

in Leh is an institute for research into traditional medicine and a hospital providing traditional treatments.

1215: 695:

It has also been called Ma-Lo-Pho (by Hiuen Tsang) or Lal Bhumi. Names in the local language include Kanchapa (

579:

river valleys. The main populated regions are the river valleys, but the mountain slopes also support pastoral

7966: 6129:"Article 370 revoked Updates: Jammu & Kashmir is now a Union Territory, Lok Sabha passes bifurcation bill" 1276: 10714: 10426: 9103: 7715: 3137: 2304: 2191:, which looks somewhat like a house cat, is very rare in Ladakh and not much is known about the species. The 1665: 1336: 1151: 219: 8722: 7273: 7174: 7110:"Kashmir updates: Rajya Sabha passes bill that divides J&K, Ladakh with 125 votes in favour, 61 against" 6967: 11170: 10436: 9645: 9458: 9450: 9384: 9293: 9246:

In Islam-Tibet: Interactions along the Musk Routes, eds. Anna Akasoy et al. Ashgate Publications, 231–252.

7483: 6080: 3973: 3588: 2183:

in central Ladakh is an especially good habitat for this predator as it has abundant prey populations. The

2065: 2023:(37 to 95 °F) in the summer and minimums range from −20 to −35 °C (−4 to −31 °F) in winter. 1630: 9231:

Until the Feathers of the Winged Black Raven Turn White: Sources for the Tibet-Bashahr Treaty of 1679–1684

9111:

The Northern Barrier of India: a popular account of the Jammoo and Kashmir Territories with Illustrations.

8774: 8692: 7828: 1498:, blocking old trade routes. In 1955 China began to build roads connecting Xinjiang and Tibet through the 1154:

who invaded and briefly conquered Ladakh in 1532, 1545 and 1548, does not record any presence of Islam in

11135: 10904: 9615: 5013: 3963: 2590: 2316: 1669: 1614: 1593:

region when 800 to 1,000 Indian troops and 1,500 Chinese troops came into close proximity to each other.

1582: 183: 4425: 3881: 3574: 10808: 10729: 10698: 9578: 9467: 8876: 7054: 3752: 2784: 2780: 2640: 1578: 1539: 1483:

by army engineers permitted tanks to move up and successfully capture the pass. The advance continued.

1344: 1340: 395: 176: 8051:"Traditonal [sic] Polo in Drass, Ladakh | Himanshu Khagta – Travel Photographer in India" 7333: 5397: 4652:"Kashmir options. Maps showing the options and pitfalls of possible solutions. The Future of Kashmir?" 4136: 2015:—also known as the "Glacier Man"—creates artificial glaciers as one solution for retreating glaciers. 1127:

is named after him and his followers are only found in Baltistan and Ladakh. During his youth, Sultan

610:

Ladakh was established as a union territory of India on 31 October 2019, following the passage of the

11462: 11419: 10469: 9501: 8748: 4719: 4042: 3756: 2776: 1785: 1684: 1451: 1166: 1081: 615: 11214: 8906: 6526: 5418:"A Turk in the Dukhang? Comparative Perspectives on Elite Dress in Medieval Ladakh and the Caucasus" 4707: 4689: 10740: 10719: 9607: 8090: 7299:"LAC stand-off: BRO's new highway untraceable by enemy, saves hours and gives 365-day connectivity" 5971: 5318: 3608:

of Tibetan Buddhism. For centuries, the only medical system accessible to the people have been the

2788: 2278: 1291: 520:

plains, is claimed by the Indian Government as part of Ladakh, but has been under Chinese control.

198: 140: 7539: 6994:"New J&K to be like Puducherry: Here is how India's new Union territory J&K will function" 6657:"Distributional correlates of the Tibetan gazelle in northern India: Towards a recovery programme" 2832:

has been operating AN-32 air courier service to transport the locals during the winter seasons to

2083:, who carried out a massive expedition there in the 1870s. There are many lakes in Ladakh such as 10857: 10842: 10564: 9685: 9416: 8391: 5299:, the road is very difficult, with cold wind and flying snow; thus one arrives in the kingdom of 5158:

Narratives of the Mission of George Bogle to Tibet: And of the Journey of Thomas Manning to Lhasa

4929: 3538: 2664: 1910:. The region experiences heavy snowfall; the Pensi-la is open only between June and mid-October. 1610: 1099: 481: 1851:

The mountain ranges in this region were formed over 45 million years by the folding of the

1150:

It is unclear what happened to Islam after this period and it seems to have received a setback.

1011:. Throughout this period the region was called "Maryul", possibly from the original proper name 10894: 10724: 10673: 7625:"Kargil District Population Census 2011-2020, Jammu and Kashmir literacy sex ratio and density" 6133: 4623:/ləˈdɑːki/ A native or inhabitant of Ladakh, a district of eastern Kashmir. Attested use: 1911 4216: 3550: 2848:

landed a 17-seater aircraft at the airport, in presence of dignitaries like the Chief Minister

2749: 2668: 1676: 1586: 228: 8915: 8058: 7939: 7624: 6902: 5786: 5717:, XVIII, 3, pp. 340–361; (4) Petech, Luciano(1947) "The Tibet-Ladakhi Moghul War of 1681–83." 5484: 5451: 5367: 5338: 5303:". Petech states, "geographically speaking, the region thus indicated is unmistakably Ladakh." 5245: 4339: 4317: 4182: 3893: 2690: 2679: 11376: 11317: 10756: 9516: 9511: 9307: 8999: 8977: 8849: 8801: 8585: 5653: 5182: 5156: 4952: 4360: 4249: 4012: 1355: 643: 9333:. Oxford University Press. 1st edition 1963. 2nd revised edition 1996. 3rd impression 2001. 8955: 7655:"Leh District Population Census 2011-2020, Jammu and Kashmir literacy sex ratio and density" 7141:"लद्दाख की अपनी होगी खाकी, जम्मू-कश्मीर पुलिस भी दिल्ली की तरह उप राज्यपाल को करेगी रिपोर्ट" 6030: 5051: 1741:

The confluence of the Indus (flowing left-to-right) and Zanskar (coming in from top) rivers.

1688:

Ladakh as separate union territory, its annual budget allocation has increased 4 times from

853:. The border between Ladakh/Maryul and Guge-Purang is shown in a thin dotted line, north of 692:

and other trans-Himalayan states in Kashmir's vicinity were referred to as "Little Tibets".

11482: 10867: 10464: 9951: 9399: 9085: 8960:

Art and Architecture in Ladakh: Cross-cultural Transmissions in the Himalayas and Karakoram

7992: 7654: 6606: 6542:"Winter Habitat Partitioning between Asiatic Ibex and Blue Sheep in Ladakh, Northern India" 5343:

Himalayan Languages and Linguistics: Studies in Phonology, Semantics, Morphology and Syntax

5109: 5053:

Art and Architecture in Ladakh: Cross-cultural Transmissions in the Himalayas and Karakoram

3822:

Some publications that cover Jammu and Kashmir as a whole provide some coverage of Ladakh.

3717: 3519:

Polo, popular among the Baltis, is an annual affair in the Dras region of Kargil district.

1891: 1511: 1367: 1255: 1177: 1107: 1008: 873: 730:

Rock carvings found in many parts of Ladakh indicate that the area has been inhabited from

375: 237: 9134:

Gielen, U. P. 1998. "Gender roles in traditional Tibetan cultures". In L. L. Adler (Ed.),

1675:

The demand for Ladakh as separate union territory was first raised by the parliamentarian

1534:, saw infiltration by Pakistani troops into parts of Western Ladakh, namely Kargil, Dras, 808:), a struggle that lasted three centuries. Zhangzhung fell victim to Tibet's ambitions in 8: 10659: 10431: 10374: 9834: 9665: 9283:. Longmans, Green, and Co., London. Reprint: Ch'eng Wen Publishing Company, Taipei. 1971. 8619: 6592:"Habitat shift and time budget of the Tibetan argali: the influence of livestock grazing" 6371: 5093:, Instituto Italiano Per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente, p. 22 – via academia.edu 3827: 3796:, a biweekly newspaper in English, is the only print media published by and for Ladakhis. 3748: 3489: 3169: 2619: 2422: 2069: 1840:, including Aling Kangri and Mavang Kangri, continuing southeastward toward northwestern 1737: 1709: 1660: 958: 525: 10935: 9113:

1st edition: Edward Stanford, London. Reprint: Light & Life Publishers, Jammu. 1971.

8231:"Modi govt to promote Tibetan healing system with AIIMS-like Sowa-Rigpa hospital in Leh" 7512: 6610: 4884:"Government planning to redraw Jammu and Kashmir assembly constituency borders: Sources" 11436: 10644: 10624: 10549: 10539: 10418: 9946: 9620: 9552: 9471: 9090:

Ladak: Physical, Statistical, and Historical; with notices of the surrounding countries

8894: 8664: 7597: 7359: 6806: 6732: 6707: 6622: 6514: 6397: 6004: 5935: 5886: 4945:"Ladakh: the good, bad and ugly sides to India's 'Little Tibet', high in the Himalayas" 4782: 4677: 4572: 4389: 4124: 4004: 3983: 3681: 3508:

and drum). Polo, the other traditional sport of Ladakh, is indigenous to Baltistan and

2300: 2282: 2049: 2039: 1635: 1602: 1457: 568: 9203:

Edinburgh. Edmonston and Douglas. Reprint: Ch'eng Wen Publishing Company. Tapei. 1971.

3905: 3869: 3533: 1241:

in its dispute with Tibet which, among other reasons, resulted in its invasion by the

1086: 10987: 10629: 10579: 10569: 10559: 10504: 10446: 10369: 9844: 9711: 9481: 9349: 9334: 9215: 9095: 9076: 9046: 9007: 8997: 8985: 8963: 8941: 8921: 8880: 8855: 8829: 8821: 8809: 8466:"New gamma ray telescope coming up in Ladakh to observe exploding stars, black holes" 8260: 8208: 7913: 7874: 7089: 6935: 6908: 6798: 6737: 6465: 6461: 6428: 6333: 5831: 5792: 5765: 5738: 5686: 5659: 5632: 5605: 5578: 5551: 5517: 5492: 5459: 5403: 5391: 5373: 5346: 5324: 5251: 5188: 5162: 5120: 5057: 5019: 4741: 4733: 4723: 4366: 4345: 4323: 4298: 4275: 4270:

Skutsch, Carl (2015) , "China: Border War with India, 1962", in Ciment, James (ed.),

4255: 4222: 4188: 3948: 3699: 3456: 3335: 3306: 3276: 3144:

respectively, who are predominately followers of Islam while small minorities follow

2652: 1921:

The Indus River is the backbone of Ladakh. Most major historical and current towns –

1680: 1571: 1518: 1507: 1124: 938: 820: 712: 684:

Medieval Islamic scholars called Ladakh the "Great Tibet" (derived from Turko-Arabic

529: 8162:

In L.L Adler (Ed.), International Handbook on Gender Roles. Westport, CT: Greenwood.

7327: 7240: 6810: 6706:

Bhatnagar, Y. V.; Wangchuk, R.; Prins, H. H.; van Wieren, S. E.; Mishra, C. (2006).

6626: 1960:

runs parallel to the Ladakh Range for about 100 km (62 mi) northwest from

1844:. Before partition, Baltistan, now part of Pakistan, had been a district of Ladakh; 11388: 11022: 10654: 10634: 10614: 10609: 10594: 10584: 10574: 10534: 10529: 10524: 10509: 10494: 10479: 10354: 10290: 10185: 9593: 9588: 9547: 6871: 6790: 6727: 6719: 6671: 6614: 6457: 5962: 5926: 5105: 4008: 3978: 3601: 3593: 3352: 3302: 3286: 3226: 3173: 3145: 2829: 2817: 2534: 2271: 2204: 2124: 1981: 1969: 1789: 1727: 1606: 1435: 1335:

The disputed territory of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir: divided between

1297: 1204:, who had already annexed Kashmir and Baltistan, Ladakh retained its independence. 1143: 930: 918: 892: 667: 596: 493: 485: 430: 347: 8331:"Profile | Department of School Education UT Ladakh | Ladakh | GoI" 4341:

An Environmental History of India: From Earliest Times to the Twenty-First Century

3812:, an initiative of SECMOL, was published from 1992 to 2005 in English and Ladakhi. 2852:, marking the first ever landing by a civilian airline company at Kargil Airport. 11467: 11381: 11371: 11280: 11127: 10974: 10899: 10649: 10554: 10544: 10519: 10514: 10499: 10489: 10459: 10285: 10210: 10180: 10175: 9961: 9854: 9701: 9420: 9392: 9319: 9297: 9254: 9237: 9167: 9149: 9128: 8953: 8935: 8870: 8417: 8046: 8019: 7446: 6875: 6260: 6222: 6166: 6037: 4956: 4509: 4456: 3774: 3737: 3726: 3659: 3523: 3464: 3426: 3341: 3185: 3157: 2874: 2695: 2551: 2467: 2352: 2188: 2146: 2080: 2073: 2012: 2008: 1937: 1833: 1649: 1563: 1543: 1503: 1431:, was established in 1934, Ladakh was given two nominated seats in the assembly. 1393: 1312: 1282: 1263: 1242: 1064: 1032: 954: 903: 564: 533: 505: 469: 461: 150: 51: 36: 8496:"Two AIIMS-like institutions, 8 medical colleges in Jammu-Kashmir, Ladakh: Govt" 7754: 6051:"Ladakh division headquarters to shuttle between Leh and Kargil: Governor Malik" 1041: 11343: 11338: 11275: 11042: 10982: 10688: 10619: 10604: 10589: 10364: 10359: 10118: 10113: 10002: 9849: 9839: 9829: 9783: 9737: 9573: 9290:. Richard Bentley, London. Reprint 1998: Asian Educational Services, New Delhi. 9194: 9185: 9022: 8802:"Dga' Ldan Tshe Dbang Dpal Bzang Po and the Tibet-Ladakh-Mugha1 War of 1679–84" 8589: 6218:"LAHDC Act would continue and the Amendments of 2018 to be protected: Governor" 5931:"As China intrudes across LAC, India must be alert to a larger strategic shift" 5865: 5081: 3652: 3513: 3468: 3448: 3314: 3310: 3266: 3256: 3236: 3189: 3181: 3057: 2825: 2609: 2478: 2450: 1989: 1915: 1856: 1829: 1817: 1645: 1535: 1379: 1375: 1251: 1189: 941:, is believed to have conquered the regions to the north, including Ladakh and 877: 860: 843: 816: 797: 722: 635: 501: 359: 355: 351: 337: 224: 9276:

Srinagar, Kashmir, India: Centre of Central Asian Studies, Kashmir University.

9248:

The Muslim Queens of the Himalayas: Princess Exchanges in Baltistan and Ladakh

9244:

The Muslim Queens of the Himalayas: Princess Exchange in Ladakh and Baltistan.

7686:"Will Ladakh's New Districts Have Autonomous Hill Councils Too, Congress Asks" 6794: 6723: 6676: 6618: 4860:

Trans-Himalayan Caravans – Merchant Princes and Peasant Traders in Ladakh

4159: 4015:

and 37,555 km (14,500 sq mi) of area controlled by China under

11456: 11441: 11408: 11107: 11077: 10123: 10093: 10017: 9926: 9721: 9716: 9635: 9171: 9034:, Instituto Italiano Per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente – via academia.edu 7226: 6469: 4764: 4760: 4745: 4715: 4703: 4545: 4487: 4128: 3968: 3841: 3818:, a lifestyle and tourist magazine of Ladakh, was started in 2018 in English. 3635:

in the form of juice and jam, as some claim it possess medicinal properties.

3631:

for the people of Ladakh. The government has also been trying to promote the

3563: 3177: 2849: 2779:. There are two main roads that connect Ladakh with the rest of the country, 2636: 2506: 2249: 2184: 2142: 1985: 1957: 1894:

prior to 1947, being more-or-less equidistant (at about 230 kilometres) from

1468: 1404: 950: 747: 576: 388: 123: 110: 9414: 7718:(Report). Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. 7542:(Report). Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. 5306: 3484:

Sul-ma, woman's woollen dress (detail), Ladakh, late 19th-early 20th century

3152:. The region's population is split roughly in half between the districts of 2613:

the judicial system, communications and the higher education in the region.

2232:

to irrigation. Natural vegetation commonly seen along watercourses includes

11366: 11307: 11303: 11265: 11002: 10454: 10098: 10067: 9956: 9941: 9931: 9911: 9813: 9803: 9706: 9462: 9269: 9211: 8316: 8179:"Plantlife.org project on medicinal plants of importance to amchi medicine" 6802: 6741: 3620:

medicine remains a component of public health, especially in remote areas.

3363: 3165: 3153: 3141: 3097: 2869: 2523: 2495: 2439: 2388: 2371: 2254: 2233: 2192: 2176: 2103: 2099: 2077: 1977: 1973: 1953: 1946: 1874:

and Zanskar Valleys form a great trough, enclosed by the Himalayas and the

1852: 1805: 1777: 1567: 1559: 1491: 1467:

chose to remain independent of India or Pakistan. Pakistani soldiers from

1259: 1211:

The empire of kings Tsewang Namgyal and Jamyang Namgyal, about 1560–1600 CE

1120: 1068: 942: 793: 786: 548: 211: 160: 9106:. Introduction by C. Wessels. Reproduced by Rupa & Co, New Delhi. 2005 8131:"LAHDC organises 3rd Ladakh Marathon at Leh | Business Standard News" 6354:"OneWorld South Asia – Glacier man Chewang Norphel brings water to Ladakh" 4083: 3806:

is a newspaper published from Kashmir covering Ladakh in English and Urdu.

3512:, and was probably introduced into Ladakh in the mid-17th century by King 11165: 11117: 11112: 11047: 10103: 10052: 10027: 10012: 10007: 9977: 9921: 9906: 9875: 9798: 9793: 9778: 9742: 8330: 8205:"A government of India project in support of Sowa Rigpa-'amchi' medicine" 8085: 5711:

The Mongolia-Tibet Interface. Opening new Research Terrains in Inner Asia

4582:, Controller of Publications, Delhi-110054, p. 2, 25 November 2019, 3778: 2511: 2200: 2027: 2004: 1965: 1930: 1871: 1809: 1758: 1731: 1531: 1363: 1359: 946: 801: 560: 556: 552: 89: 9208:

Indian Tibet Tibetan India: The Cultural Legacy of the Western Himalayas

7328:

IAF craft makes successful landing near China border (4 November 2008).

4608: 4452:"LG, UT Hqrs, Head of Police to have Sectts at both Leh, Kargil: Mathur" 4054:

Census was not carried out in Jammu and Kashmir in 1991 due to militancy

2267: 2149:, which inhabits the vast rangelands in eastern Ladakh bordering Tibet. 1945:

on the China border down to 3,620 m (11,880 ft) at its snout.

1679:

around 1955, which was later carried forward by another parliamentarian

1487:, Kargil and Leh were liberated and Ladakh cleared of the infiltrators. 1094:

Between the 1380s and early 1510s, many Islamic missionaries propagated

11311: 11140: 11092: 10108: 10022: 9997: 9936: 9916: 9901: 9896: 9870: 8833: 8113:"Business Hotels in India – Event Planning in India – The Lalit Hotels" 7873:. Central Institute of Buddhist Studies, Local Futures. pp. 1–44. 7869:

Namgail, T.; Jensen, A.; Padmanabhan, S.; Desor, S.; Dolma, R. (2019).

7189:"Members of Parliament, MPs of India 2014, Sixteenth Lok Sabha Members" 6160:

Already, Rajya Sabha Clears J&K As Union Territory Instead Of State

4218:

Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements: G to M

4105:

state); in addition, China administers portions of northeastern Ladakh.

4016: 3672: 3625: 3616: 3610: 3405: 2845: 2841: 2722: 2196: 1942: 1903: 1832:

in the far north. The historically vague divide between Ladakh and the

1801: 1527: 1499: 1464: 1227: 1219: 1132: 922: 888: 782: 662:

is its pronunciation in several Tibetan dialects. The English spelling

588: 572: 517: 371: 7477:"State Development Report—Jammu and Kashmir, Chapter 2 – Demographics" 5071:, the royal chronicle of Ladakh, which dates back to the 17th century. 1980:

Group (highest point at 7,464 m or 24,488 ft) together with

11270: 11260: 11244: 11097: 11082: 11057: 11032: 11027: 10816: 10240: 10150: 10062: 10042: 10032: 9324:

The Ants' Gold: The Discovery of the Greek El Dorado in the Himalayas

9143:

Time, Self and the Other: The striving tourist in Ladakh, north India

7413: 6273: 5295: 4982: 4119:

The application of the term "administered" to the various regions of

3632: 3605: 3559: 3439: 2816:

and weekly flights to Srinagar and Jammu. There are two airstrips at

2733: 2656: 2427: 2137: 2084: 1848:

was the winter capital of Ladakh, with Leh being the summer capital.

1836:

commences to the north in an intricate maze of ridges to the east of

1765: 1723: 1551: 1439: 869: 731: 689: 509: 366: 62: 8868: 8160:

Gielen, Uwe (1998). "Gender roles in traditional Tibetan cultures".

5417: 5369:

The Dawn of Tibet: The Ancient Civilization on the Roof of the World

5293:), then goes on saying that "from there to the north, for over 2000 5018:, Calcutta: Superintendent Government Printing Press, pp. 93–, 3705: 973:

He gave to each of his sons a separate kingdom, viz., to the eldest

11067: 10379: 10305: 10220: 10160: 10088: 10037: 9992: 9982: 8844: 7962: 7382:"IAF to start air services to Kargil during winter from December 6" 5274: 3597: 3527: 3452: 3205: 3193: 3149: 3133: 3077: 3067: 2837: 2737: 2095: 1895: 1883: 1825: 1769: 1495: 1476: 1461: 1223: 1139: 1060: 805: 762:

describes the region in his accounts. Xuanzang's term of Ladakh is

759: 751: 600: 592: 513: 497: 473: 383: 318: 8799: 8137:. Business-standard.com. Press Trust of India. 15 September 2014. 4737: 3736:

In December 2019, the union minister of state for home affairs Mr

1362:, invaded and annexed Ladakh to Jammu under the suzerainty of the 778:, which is believed to have been the original name of the region. 11246: 11102: 11062: 11052: 11017: 11012: 10395: 10265: 10255: 10170: 10165: 10072: 9987: 9808: 9747: 9229:, ed. John Bray. Supplement to Rivista Orientali, pp. 59–79. 8822:

Fisher, Margaret W.; Rose, Leo E.; Huttenback, Robert A. (1963),

8718: 4120: 3831:

claims to be "The largest circulated daily of Jammu and Kashmir".

3505: 3431: 3322: 3318: 3197: 3107: 3087: 2798: 2767: 2539: 2245: 2160: 2053: 2020: 1961: 1879: 1875: 1864: 1860: 1781: 1773: 1502:

area. The Indian effort to gain control of Aksai Chin led to the

1480: 1201: 1193: 962: 887:, and founded a new West Tibetan kingdom at the heart of the old 755: 580: 465: 313: 85: 8913: 6705: 11087: 11072: 11037: 10920: 10315: 10300: 10295: 10275: 10270: 10215: 10200: 10155: 10057: 10047: 9891: 9773: 9496: 9435: 9100:

An Account of Tibet: The Travels of Ippolito Desideri 1712–1727

8770: 8526:"Parliament passes Bill to set up Central university in Ladakh" 8291: 3614:, traditional doctors following the Tibetan medical tradition. 3509: 3417:, an alcoholic beverage drunk especially on festive occasions. 3374: 3368: 3356: 3201: 2821: 2718: 2703: 2357: 2208: 2116: 2091: 1887: 1845: 1590: 1424: 1416: 1412: 1238: 1181: 1162: 1004: 854: 833: 743: 739: 678: 544: 169: 9161:

In the other we trust: Buying souvenirs in Ladakh, north India

8696: 7852:"Food & Cuisine: 10 Best Dishes to Eat in Leh-Ladakh 🥄🥣" 6838: 5823: 1995: 1824:

and Baltiyul regions to the west, and the southwest corner of

1745: 1331: 488:

to the south, both the Indian-administered union territory of

11150: 10997: 10992: 10310: 10260: 10250: 10245: 10235: 10230: 10205: 9788: 9021: 7868: 7753:(5–6), International Center for Peace Studies, archived from 6655:

Namgail, T.; Bagchi, S.; Mishra, C.; Bhatnagar, Y.V. (2008).

6000:"Ground report: Half of Chinese troops leave, rest to follow" 5312: 5290: 5282: 5270: 4297:, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, p. 109, 4295:

The Difficult Politics of Peace: Rivalry in Modern South Asia

4274:(2nd ed.), London and New York: Routledge, p. 573, 4029: 3246: 2833: 2813: 2483: 2172: 2108: 1926: 1899: 1841: 1837: 1821: 1813: 1793: 1693: 1605:

within Jammu and Kashmir, having previously been part of the

1384: 1267: 1197: 1112: 1095: 966: 735: 604: 584: 516:

to the south. The eastern end, consisting of the uninhabited

477: 457: 445: 333: 7936:"Living Fabric: Weaving Among the Nomads of Ladakh Himalaya" 6654: 5404:

Fisher, Rose & Huttenback, Himalayan Battleground (1963)

5392:

Fisher, Rose & Huttenback, Himalayan Battleground (1963)

5325:

Howard & Howard, Historic Ruins in the Gya Valley (2014)

4803:"As India and China clash, JFK's 'forgotten crisis' is back" 3386:

makes useful trekking food. Strictly Ladakhi dishes include

2052:

comes to India every year for breeding. Photograph taken at

1816:

to the east, the Lahaul and Spiti regions to the south, the

1753: 1192:, the son of Jamyang and Gyal. He expanded the kingdom into 10280: 10190: 7540:

C-1 Population By Religious Community – Jammu & Kashmir

4565: 4251:

A History of Modern South Asia: Politics, States, Diasporas

4078: 4076: 3161: 3129: 2455: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2207:

has been discovered in this region. Among smaller animals,

2152: 1922: 1911: 1797: 1484: 1389: 1352: 1174: 1116: 914: 436: 8744: 8440:"Cabinet approves setting up central university in Ladakh" 6330:

As Climate Changes: International Impacts and Implications

6254:

One year of union territory status: Ladakh brims with hope

4766:

The China-India Border--the Origins Of Disputed Boundaries

3578:

Ladakhi Perak Headdress courtesy the Wovenosuls collection

1976:(highest point at 7,385 m or 24,229 ft) and the 1714: 1538:, Batalik and Chorbatla, overlooking key locations on the 781:

For much of the first millennium, western Tibet comprised

11007: 10965: 10225: 9768: 9441: 8975: 4123:

and a mention of the Kashmir dispute is supported by the

3783: 2729: 2684: 2393: 2240:

spp.), wild roses of pink or yellow varieties, tamarisk (

2164: 2003:

Ladakh is a high-altitude desert; the Himalayas create a

1155: 540: 411: 165: 9379: 9304:, Vol. II. Reprint: New Delhi, Sagar Publications, 1971. 7267:"State Development Report—Jammu and Kashmir, Chapter 3A" 6776:"Carnivore-caused livestock mortality in Trans-Himalaya" 5184:

Ladakh Then and Now: Cultural, Ecological, and Political

4073: 2381: 2291:, Ladakh is administered as a union territory without a 8917:

Buddhist Western Himalaya: A politico-religious history

5513:

Buddhist Western Himalaya: A politico-religious history

4019:, both of which are claimed by India as part of Ladakh. 3447:

The music of Ladakhi Buddhist monastic festivals, like

2651:

Ladakh sends one member (MP) to the lower house of the

2608:

The two autonomous district councils work with village

1902:. The Zanskar Valley lies in the troughs of the rivers 824:

remained Buddhist and its culture was not yet Tibetan.

758:

in the 2nd century. The 7th-century Buddhist traveller

7716:

C-16 Population By Mother Tongue – Jammu & Kashmir

7471: 7469: 6189:, no. Bill No. XXIX of 2019, 2019, archived from 5882:"Government may clear all weather tunnel to Leh today" 1972:(highest point at 7,245 m or 23,770 ft) the 1427:

for six months. When the legislative assembly, called

1320: 10863:

Students' Educational and Cultural Movement of Ladakh

8978:"Embedded in Stone—Early Buddhist Rock Art of Ladakh" 8825:

Himalayan Battleground: Sino-Indian Rivalry in Ladakh

8387: 7241:"Distribution of Rocks and Minerals in J&K state" 7078:"5 new districts in Ladakh that will come up in 2028" 6327: 6212: 6210: 6103:"Ladakh had been demanding UT status for a long time" 4032:

is due to the Europeans in India in the 18th century.

3692:

Students' Educational and Cultural Movement of Ladakh

2415: 448: 7482:. Planning Commission of India. 1999. Archived from 7272:. Planning Commission of India. 2001. Archived from 6857: 6079:. The Statesman, 9 August 2003. 2003. Archived from 5372:, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, p. 101, 4322:, Harvard University Press, pp. 294, 291, 293, 4187:, Scholastic Library Publishing, 2006, p. 328, 4028:

The extension of the term "Tibet" to the modern day

2646: 1621:

Police who will spend half their time in each town.

1445: 583:

nomads. The main religious groups in the region are

442: 433: 9069:

Karakorum Himalaya: Sourcebook for a Protected Area

8315:. The Lamdon Social Welfare Society. Archived from 8288:

Ladakhi Histories – Local and Regional Perspectives

8153: 7466: 7259: 6773: 6589: 6482: 5817: 5791:. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 223–. 5339:"Kenhat, The Dialects of Upper Ladakh and Zanskari" 5110:"The Pamirs, Badakhshan and the Trans-Pamir States" 4795: 3755:

to establish a central university in Ladakh named "

2295:or elected government. The head of government is a 961:(called "Ngari Korsum") and the third son received 746:. Around the 1st century, Ladakh was a part of the 439: 9626:Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council, Kargil 7710: 7708: 7706: 7534: 7532: 7530: 7511:. Education for all in India. 1999. Archived from 7356:"Air Courier Service From Kargil Begins Operation" 6207: 5824:Gray Tuttle; Kurtis R. Schaeffer (12 March 2013). 4696: 4115: 4113: 3409:, after the sound it makes when mixed. Sweet tea ( 2757:The Tourist's Guide to Kashmir, Ladakh, and Skardo 2744:cheap electricity for various construction needs. 2598:Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council, Kargil 2377:Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council, Kargil 9178:. Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing, Inc. 9156:. Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing, Inc. 9120:. Reprint: 1972. S. Chand & Co., New Delhi. ( 7912:. Dolls of India. 12 January 2003. Archived from 6180:"The Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Bill, 2019" 5041:in various Tibetan dialects. (Volume II, page 93) 4384: 4382: 3947:Carved stone tablets, each with the inscription " 3301:The predominant mother-tongue in Leh district is 1812:in the Ladakh Range. Contemporary Ladakh borders 1165:reunited and strengthened Ladakh and founded the 880:, Langdarma's great-grandson, fled to West Tibet 464:and constitutes an eastern portion of the larger 249: • Autonomous Hill Development Councils 21:Region administered by India as a union territory 11454: 9558:2019 Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh reorganisation 8636:. Thaindian.com. 10 October 2009. Archived from 8261:"District-specific Literates and Literacy Rates" 6927: 6774:Namgail, T.; Fox, J.L.; Bhatnagar, Y.V. (2007). 6590:Namgail, T.; Fox, J.L.; Bhatnagar, Y.V. (2007). 6483:Namgail, T.; Fox, J.L.; Bhatnagar, Y.V. (2004). 6447: 5067:Quote: The single most important source is the 3837:, a monthly magazine covering Jammu and Kashmir. 3662:opened a school in Leh in October 1889, and the 3382:(roasted barley flour). Edible without cooking, 3160:. 76.87% population of Kargil is Muslim (mostly 1772:) valleys (now mostly in Pakistani-administered 1506:of 1962, which India lost. China also built the 9631:Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council, Leh 9092:. Reprint: Sagar Publications, New Delhi. 1977. 7887: 7703: 7566:"Religion Data of Census 2011: XXXIII JK-HP-ST" 7527: 7439: 6900: 6858:Bagchi, S.; Namgail, T.; Ritchie, M.E. (2006). 5784: 5678: 5597: 5547:Ladakh Through the Ages, Towards a New Identity 5221: 5219: 5217: 5215: 5213: 5211: 5174: 4532: 4110: 3845:, a daily newspaper covering Jammu and Kashmir. 2824:for military transport. The airport at Kargil, 2603:Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council, Leh 2584: 2411:Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council, Leh 2179:in Ladakh of an estimated 7,000 worldwide. The 2135:), has traditionally been hunted for its wool ( 800:started contesting the "four garrisons" of the 766:, which has been reconstructed by academics as 9176:Trust and distrust: Sociocultural perspectives 9154:Otherness in question: Development of the self 7053:. Allrefer country study guide. Archived from 6755:Namgail, T (2004). "Eurasian lynx in Ladakh". 5856: 5424:. Austrian Academy of Science Press: 231–243. 5103: 4851: 4379: 3398:being made with root vegetables and meat, and 2626: 2094:(or blue sheep) is the most abundant mountain 1577:There was a heavy presence of Indian Army and 11230: 10951: 9400: 8660:"Ladakh gets its first-ever FM radio station" 8355: 8173: 8171: 7893: 6841:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 5422:Interaction in the Himalayas and Central Asia 5239: 5237: 4919: 4917: 4915: 4913: 4911: 4909: 4759: 4702: 3789:There are a handful of private news outlets. 2030:takes place on the magnificent frozen river. 1601:On 8 February 2019, Ladakh became a separate 1423:was at Leh for six months of the year and at 547:, each of which headquarters a district. The 11189:Autonomous administrative divisions of India 9288:Diary of a Pedestrian in Cashmere and Thibet 9138:(pp. 413–437). Westport, CT: Greenwood. 8933: 7910:"Masks: Reflections of Culture and Religion" 6328:Strzepek, Kenneth M.; Joel B. Smith (1995). 5830:. Columbia University Press. pp. 603–. 5208: 5154: 5087:The Kingdom of Ladakh, c. 950–1842 A.D. 4639: 4272:Encyclopedia of Conflicts Since World War II 3321:people may differ markedly from that of the 2635:. The union territory of Ladakh has its own 1639:Ladakh (L) shown in the wider Kashmir region 1624: 1609:. As a division, Ladakh was granted its own 1530:of 1999, codenamed "Operation Vijay" by the 1237:In the late 17th century, Ladakh sided with 864:Ladakh as one of the many provinces of Tibet 629: 532:. As Ladakh is strategically important, the 10848:Eliezer Joldan Memorial College Leh, Ladakh 10838:Defence Institute of High Altitude Research 8388:"The Central Institute of Buddhist Studies" 7991:. Jammu and Kashmir Tourism. Archived from 7684:Gillani, Syed Shadab Ali (26 August 2024). 5005: 4600: 4344:, Cambridge University Press, p. 166, 2783:connecting Srinagar to Kargil and Leh, and 536:maintains a strong presence in the region. 11473:States and territories established in 2019 11245:Regions and administrative territories of 11237: 11223: 10958: 10944: 9641:Ladakh Renewable Energy Development Agency 9407: 9393: 8954:Lo Bue, Erberto; Bray, John, eds. (2014), 8168: 7409:"Kargil gets first civil air connectivity" 5234: 5161:, Cambridge University Press, p. 26, 4906: 4787:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4606: 4541:"Urdu No More Official Language Of Ladakh" 4319:Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace 3742:National Research Institute for Sowa-Rigpa 3640:National Research Institute for Sowa-Rigpa 2633:High Court of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh 1556:Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council 243:High Court of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh 9152:. In Livia Simao and Jaan Valsiner (eds) 8306:"Leh, Ladakh. A History of Lamdon School" 7442:"Air Mantra to operate flights to Kargil" 6731: 6675: 6249: 6247: 6245: 6069: 5679:Osmaston, Henry; Denwood, Philip (1995). 5631:. Anamika Publishers & Distributors. 5598:Osmaston, Henry; Denwood, Philip (1995). 5478: 5476: 5474: 5445: 5443: 5230:(2nd ed.). Trailblazer Publications. 4254:, Yale University Press, pp. 28–29, 4214: 4090:, Encyclopædia Britannica, 1 March 2021, 3545: 3394:, both heavy and rich soup pasta dishes, 2303:who is assisted by civil servants of the 1490:In 1949, China closed the border between 1090:Jama Masjid of Leh next to the Leh Palace 827: 496:to the west, and the southwest corner of 11146:Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu 7825:"Ladakh Festival – a Cultural Spectacle" 7171:"Khan, Shri Hassan: Member's Bioprofile" 7075: 7031: 6931:Temperate Horticulture: Current Scenario 5997: 5914:Kargil 1999 – the impregnable conquered. 5870:, 1989, Thomson Press, Faridabad, India. 5543: 5365: 5115:, in Chahryar Adle; Irfan Habib (eds.), 4221:, Taylor & Francis, pp. 1191–, 3777:(AIR) and government television station 3704: 3573: 3549: 3532: 3479: 3438: 3430: 3351: 2812:, from which there are daily flights to 2797: 2766: 2689: 2678: 2631:Ladakh is under the jurisdiction of the 2266: 2159: 2151: 2043: 1994: 1752: 1744: 1736: 1713: 1634: 1517: 1330: 1214: 1206: 1138: 1085: 897: 859: 837: 721: 9028:The Kingdom of Ladakh, c. 950–1842 A.D. 8298: 7827:. EF News International. Archived from 7741:Rather, Ali Mohammad (September 1999), 7683: 7358:. news.outlookindia.com. Archived from 6754: 6539: 6422: 5961: 5925: 5336: 5155:Bogle, George; Manning, Thomas (2010), 5011: 4365:, Oxford University Press, p. 10, 4358: 4269: 3651:every family was obliged to master the 3582: 2861:Population of Leh and Kargil districts 1510:jointly with Pakistan. India built the 1434:Ladakh was claimed as part of Tibet by 1366:. After the defeat of the Sikhs in the 1254:. With the help of reinforcements from 271:59,146 km (22,836 sq mi) 11455: 9136:International handbook on gender roles 8476:from the original on 24 September 2020 8159: 8045: 7740: 7406: 7216: 7214: 6974:from the original on 16 September 2021 6494:. London: reg.wur.nl. pp. 57–63. 6242: 5998:Kulkarni, Pranav (26 September 2014). 5967:"Ladakh concern overrides LAC dispute" 5485:"A Brief History of Muslims in Ladakh" 5482: 5471: 5449: 5440: 5243: 5080: 5015:Antiquities of Indian Tibet, Volume II 4881: 4337: 4247: 2791:to Leh. A third road to Ladakh is the 2272:Banner of the Administration of Ladakh 1918:form the western extremity of Ladakh. 1764:Historically, the region included the 1411:. It had three tehsils, based at Leh, 953:(a holy mountain near the present-day 504:in the far north. It extends from the 480:since 1959. Ladakh is bordered by the 468:region that has been the subject of a 11513:States and union territories of India 11218: 11194:Proposed states and union territories 10967:States and union territories of India 10939: 10833:Central Institute of Buddhist Studies 10694:Kushok Bakula Rimpochee Airport (Leh) 9388: 9380:Government of Ladakh official website 9313:Ancient Futures: Learning from Ladakh 9266:. Houghton Mifflin Company, New York. 8672:from the original on 15 December 2021 8566:from the original on 4 September 2021 8556:"Sindhu Central University in Ladakh" 8536:from the original on 2 September 2021 8506:from the original on 11 December 2019 8141:from the original on 17 November 2015 7896:Ancient Futures: Learning from Ladakh 7858:from the original on 8 November 2021. 7605:from the original on 11 November 2020 7590: 7421:from the original on 15 December 2013 7388:from the original on 15 December 2023 7309:from the original on 7 September 2020 7247:from the original on 13 November 2017 7220: 7138: 7027: 7025: 7023: 7021: 7019: 6948:from the original on 15 December 2023 6882:from the original on 15 December 2023 6404:from the original on 22 February 2008 6012:from the original on 16 December 2014 5906: 5844:from the original on 15 December 2023 5805:from the original on 15 December 2023 5415: 5250:. Partridge Publishing. p. 126. 5225: 4993:from the original on 8 September 2022 4923: 4882:Sandhu, Kamaljit Kaur (4 June 2019). 4857: 4664:from the original on 29 November 2020 4589:from the original on 30 November 2020 4538: 4464:from the original on 13 February 2020 4292: 3696:Central Institute of Buddhist Studies 3554:Woman wearing traditional Ladakhi hat 3516:, whose mother was a Balti princess. 3362:Ladakhi food has much in common with 3184:; and Islam is the majority faith in 3138:Brokpa, Drokpa, Dard and Shinu tribes 2755:This era is recorded in Arthur Neves 1984:(7,526 m or 24,692 ft) and 1250:withdrew after being paid off by the 1098:and proselytised the Ladakhi people. 512:range to the north to the main Great 9038: 8337:from the original on 27 January 2022 8294:, Netherlands: Koninklijke Brill NV. 8279: 8241:from the original on 3 February 2021 8207:. Cbhi-hsprod.nic.in. Archived from 7722:from the original on 12 January 2020 7665:from the original on 24 January 2016 7635:from the original on 4 February 2016 7407:Fayyaz, Ahmed Ali (7 January 2013). 7199:from the original on 2 December 2013 7076:Precious, Rongmei (27 August 2024). 6425:A field guide to the flora of Ladakh 6121: 6031:Notification, Jammu, 8 February 2019 5879: 5757: 5730: 5651: 5624: 5570: 5544:Kaul, Shridhar; Kaul, H. N. (1992). 5516:. Indus Publishing. 1 January 2001. 5491:, Motilal Banarsidass, p. 189, 5458:, Motilal Banarsidass, p. 122, 5313:Petech, The Kingdom of Ladakh (1977) 5271:Petech, The Kingdom of Ladakh (1977) 5180: 4942: 4573:"Part II—Section 3—Sub-section (ii)" 4432:from the original on 19 October 2019 4315: 4235:from the original on 17 January 2023 4201:from the original on 17 January 2023 4157: 3488:The most popular sport in Ladakh is 3313:, sometimes considered a dialect of 2289:Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act 1200:. Despite a defeat of Ladakh by the 985:, the inhabitants using black bows; 614:. Prior to that, it was part of the 612:Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act 11430:Proposed administrative territories 9522:Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir 9116:Francke, A. H. (1914), 1920, 1926. 9045:. Indus Publishing. pp. 123–. 9042:Famous Western Expolorers to Ladakh 9039:Jina, Prem Singh (1 January 1995). 8998:Howard, Neil; Howard, Kath (2014), 8285: 8263:. Education for all website. 2001. 8081:"Manipur lifts Lalit Suri Polo Cup" 7960: 7769:"Ladakhi Language & Phrasebook" 7211: 6378:from the original on 30 August 2011 6077:"Kargil Council For Greater Ladakh" 6057:from the original on 19 August 2019 6043: 5916:(2002) Natraj Publishers, Dehradun. 5788:Buddhism and Islam on the Silk Road 5682:Recent Research on Ladakh 4 & 5 5601:Recent Research on Ladakh 4 & 5 5489:Recent Research on Ladakh 4 & 5 5187:. Mittal Publications. p. 15. 5136:from the original on 10 August 2013 4712:The Columbia Gazetteer of the World 4362:Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris 4138:Kashmir, region Indian subcontinent 3604:, combined with the philosophy and 3472:and men weave, on different looms. 2771:A vehicle on the Himalaya Highway 3 1749:The Ladakh region has high altitude 1603:Revenue and Administrative Division 1581:forces in Ladakh. These forces and 1382:. The Namgyal family was given the 1321:Princely state of Jammu and Kashmir 1075: 677:The region was previously known as 13: 11290:Current administrative territories 9543:1948 military operations in Ladakh 9227:Mountains, Monasteries and Mosques 9060: 8446:from the original on 10 March 2022 8267:from the original on 14 April 2010 8181:. Plantlife.org.uk. Archived from 7440:GK News Network (2 January 2013). 7016: 7004:from the original on 5 August 2019 6820:from the original on 26 March 2009 6687:from the original on 26 March 2009 6636:from the original on 26 March 2009 6562:from the original on 26 March 2009 6300:United Nations Development Program 6230:from the original on 2 August 2020 6141:from the original on 3 August 2020 5979:from the original on 2 August 2020 5862:Menon, P.M & Proudfoot, C.L., 5707:Mountains, Monasteries and Mosques 5244:Zutshi, Rattan (13 January 2016). 4839:from the original on 1 August 2017 4406:from the original on 9 August 2019 3923:Trees in the Indus Valley near Leh 3769:Ladakh International Film Festival 3420: 3219:Languages of Ladakh (2011 census) 2033: 1999:Monthly average temperature in Leh 1867:(7,000 m or 23,000 ft). 1596: 1327:Jammu and Kashmir (princely state) 1003:The first West Tibetan dynasty of 957:village). The second son received 868:In the 9th century, Tibet's ruler 717: 35:Region administered by India as a 14: 11524: 11402:Former administrative territories 10853:Government Degree College, Kargil 9373: 8869:Francke, August Hermann (1992) . 8777:from the original on 20 June 2012 8751:from the original on 25 June 2012 8725:from the original on 22 June 2012 8695:. ReachLadakh.com. Archived from 8690: 8394:from the original on 7 March 2023 7969:from the original on 23 June 2012 7849: 7546:from the original on 3 April 2022 7151:from the original on 17 July 2020 7120:from the original on 17 June 2020 6904:Landscapes and Landforms of India 6501:from the original on 4 March 2009 6040:, Government of Jammu and Kashmir 5894:from the original on 9 April 2022 4963:from the original on 18 June 2020 4750:"divided between India and CHINA" 4553:from the original on 7 April 2022 4539:Ganai, Naseer (19 January 2022). 4168:from the original on 2 April 2019 4145:from the original on 17 June 2015 4094:from the original on 7 April 2022 3935:Nubra Valley view with reflection 3773:The government radio broadcaster 3655:in order to read the holy books. 3366:, the most prominent foods being 3122: Religion not stated (0.47%) 2762: 2647:Ladakh in the Parliament of India 2262: 2181:Hemis High Altitude National Park 1554:-dominated state government, the 1446:Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir 989:of the east and the Gold-mine of 658:means the "land of high passes". 484:to the east, the Indian state of 11498:Territorial disputes of Pakistan 11488:History of the Republic of India 9415: 8763: 8737: 8711: 8684: 8652: 8626: 8608: 8596:from the original on 12 May 2014 8578: 8548: 8518: 8488: 8458: 8432: 8406: 8380: 8349: 8323: 8253: 8223: 8197: 8123: 8105: 8073: 8039: 8007: 7981: 7954: 7928: 7902: 7862: 7843: 7817: 7787: 7761: 7734: 7677: 7647: 7617: 7591:Vijay, Tarun (30 January 2008). 7584: 7558: 7501: 7433: 7400: 7374: 7348: 7321: 7291: 7233: 7139:Dixit, Pranjal (6 August 2019). 7034:"Ladakh gets five new districts" 6462:10.1111/j.1756-1051.2010.00983.x 6263:, Times of India, 3 August 2020. 6109:from the original on 12 May 2021 5943:from the original on 3 June 2020 5012:Francke, August Hermann (1926), 4926:Ladakh – Crossroads of High Asia 4894:from the original on 4 June 2019 4510:"Saltoro Kangri, India/Pakistan" 4161:Aksai Chin, Plateau Region, Asia 4048: 3940: 3928: 3916: 3904: 3892: 3880: 3868: 3856: 3731:Indian Institute of Astrophysics 1964:along the southern shore of the 1788:districts to the south, much of 1718:Map of the central Ladakh region 1305: 1290: 1275: 1052: 1040: 1024: 785:kingdom(s), which practised the 754:spread into western Ladakh from 429: 72: 61: 50: 10791:Indian Astronomical Observatory 10730:NH1 Leh–Kargil–Srinagar Highway 9656:Ladakh (Lok Sabha constituency) 9331:Ladakh, Crossroads of High Asia 9102:. Ippolito Desideri. Edited by 8937:Ladakh: The Land and the People 8358:"Education reform, interrupted" 7775:from the original on 7 May 2020 7743:"Kargil: The Post-War Scenario" 7223:Trekking in the Indian Himalaya 7181: 7163: 7132: 7102: 7069: 7043: 6986: 6960: 6921: 6901:Vishwas S. Kale (23 May 2014). 6894: 6851: 6832: 6767: 6748: 6699: 6648: 6583: 6574: 6533: 6476: 6441: 6416: 6390: 6364: 6346: 6321: 6285: 6266: 6172: 6153: 6095: 6024: 5991: 5955: 5919: 5880:Dash, Dipak K. (16 July 2012). 5873: 5785:Johan Elverskog (6 June 2011). 5778: 5751: 5724: 5719:The Indian Historical Quarterly 5699: 5672: 5645: 5618: 5591: 5564: 5537: 5504: 5428:from the original on 5 May 2022 5409: 5385: 5366:Bellezza, John Vincent (2014), 5359: 5330: 5264: 5148: 5097: 5074: 5044: 4975: 4936: 4875: 4866: 4821: 4753: 4644: 4633: 4580:Gazette of India, Extraordinary 4520:from the original on 9 May 2019 4426:"Ladakh Gets Civil Secretariat" 4035: 4022: 3723:Indian Astronomical Observatory 3710:Indian Astronomical Observatory 3435:Dancer in masked dance festival 2855: 2810:Kushok Bakula Rimpochee Airport 2803:Kushok Bakula Rimpochee Airport 2795:, which is under construction. 9681:Four types of Himalayan ranges 9286:Knight, William, Henry. 1863. 8089:. 12 June 2012. Archived from 8023:. 10 July 2011. Archived from 7894:Norberg-Hodge, Helena (2000). 6332:. Cambridge University Press. 5033:has the sound of the guttural 4714:. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). 4502: 4476: 4444: 4418: 4215:Osmańczyk, Edmund Jan (2003), 3997: 3340:Ladakhi culture is similar to 2844:. A private aeroplane company 2203:and the area around Dras. The 2131:in Indian English (or Ladakhi 1730:Ranges and includes the upper 1374:was established as a separate 846:divided among his three sons, 539:The largest town in Ladakh is 492:and the Pakistan-administered 456:) is a region administered by 1: 11503:Territorial disputes of China 10427:Changthang Wildlife Sanctuary 8616:"List of Doordarshan studios" 8055:PhotoShelter: Himanshu Khagta 7384:. NDTV.com. 3 December 2010. 6356:. 2 July 2007. Archived from 5416:Flood, Finbarr Barry (2017). 4657:In Depth – Kashmir Flashpoint 4359:Snedden, Christopher (2015), 4061: 2305:Indian Administrative Service 1407:rule, with a governor termed 1399:Ladakh was administered as a 1245:. This event is known as the 1152:Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlat 1031:Ladakh horsemen, depicted in 913:. The king wears a decorated 907: 881: 847: 809: 279:7,742 m (25,400 ft) 11508:Disputed territories in Asia 11493:2019 establishments in India 10437:Karakoram Wildlife Sanctuary 9646:Jammu and Kashmir High Court 9538:1947–1948 India-Pakistan War 8854:, S. W. Partridge & Co, 6876:10.1016/j.biocon.2005.09.003 6277:range, which here forms the 5685:. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. 5604:. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. 5483:Sheikh, Abdul Ghani (1995), 5119:, UNESCO, pp. 238–239, 5056:, BRILL, 2014, pp. 3–, 4872:Osada et al. (2000), p. 298. 4607:OED Online (December 2020), 4486:. MHA.nic.in. Archived from 4164:, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 4141:, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 4127:(a) through (e), reflecting 4066: 3974:Ladakh Union Territory Front 3951:" along the paths of Zanskar 3645: 3589:Traditional Tibetan medicine 2808:There is an airport in Leh, 2663:in the current Lok Sabha is 2591:autonomous district councils 2589:Ladakh is administered by 2 2585:Autonomous District Councils 2310: 1757:View of Leh Town Along with 1703: 1631:Ladakh Union Territory Front 1123:rapidly converted to Islam. 528:has successfully encouraged 287:2,550 m (8,370 ft) 16:Region administered by India 7: 11136:Andaman and Nicobar Islands 10905:Actual Ground Position Line 9274:Ladakh, life & culture. 9174:and Alex Gillespie (Eds.), 8872:Antiquities of Indian Tibet 8313:internationaledventures.com 7771:. Leh-Ladakh Taxi Booking. 7173:. Lok Sabha. Archived from 7032:ET Times (26 August 2024), 6549:Journal of Mountain Ecology 6293:"Multi-hazard Map of India" 5456:Recent Research on Ladakh 6 4943:Pile, Tim (1 August 2019). 4338:Fisher, Michael H. (2018), 4293:Clary, Christopher (2022), 3964:Ladakh Buddhist Association 3956: 3451:, often involves religious 3211: 3050:Religions in Ladakh (2011) 3042: 2759:, first published in 1911. 2627:Law enforcement and justice 2344:Autonomous District Council 2317:List of districts of Ladakh 1670:autonomous district council 1615:Inspector General of Police 949:and an area referred to as 872:was assassinated and Tibet 671: 10: 11529: 11478:Union territories of India 9346:Ladakh: A Photo Travelogue 9242:Halkias, Georgios (2010). 9195:Martin Louis Alan Gompertz 9186:Martin Louis Alan Gompertz 8877:Asian Educational Services 8851:A History of Western Tibet 8808:, BRILL, pp. 81–108, 8793: 7898:. Oxford India Paperbacks. 7332:. NDTV.com. Archived from 7094:: CS1 maint: url-status ( 6423:Dvorský, Miroslav (2018). 5827:The Tibetan History Reader 5734:India-China Border Dispute 4862:. Oxford India Paperbacks. 3849: 3766: 3586: 3467:, a leading centre of the 3424: 3347: 3333: 3329: 2674: 2641:director general of police 2314: 2276: 2037: 1886:, the gateway to Zanskar. 1804:in the northeast, and the 1707: 1628: 1579:Indo-Tibetan Border Police 1558:was created in the 1990s. 1449: 1419:. The headquarters of the 1324: 1243:Tibetan Central Government 1079: 831: 710: 706: 681:(see page for etymology). 626:union territory of India. 618:state. Ladakh is both the 11429: 11401: 11359: 11326: 11296: 11289: 11253: 11179: 11126: 10973: 10913: 10887: 10880: 10825: 10802:and hydroelectric project 10799: 10783: 10776: 10749: 10707: 10681: 10672: 10478: 10445: 10417: 10408: 10388: 10347: 10331: 10324: 10141: 10081: 9970: 9884: 9863: 9822: 9761: 9730: 9694: 9673: 9664: 9606: 9566: 9530: 9502:Namgyal dynasty of Ladakh 9489: 9480: 9449: 9431: 9006:, BRILL, pp. 68–99, 8984:, BRILL, pp. 35–67, 8976:Dorjay, Phuntsog (2014), 8934:Jina, Prem Singh (1996), 7305:. ANI. 5 September 2020. 6928:Satish K. Sharma (2006). 6795:10.1007/s00267-005-0178-2 6724:10.1007/s00267-005-0356-2 6677:10.1017/s0030605308000768 6619:10.1007/s11284-006-0015-y 5571:Jina, Prem Singh (1996). 5533:– via Google Books. 5337:Zeisler, Bettina (2011), 5277:describes a journey from 4949:South Chinan Morning Post 4720:Columbia University Press 4613:, Oxford University Press 3757:Sindhu Central University 3136:regions are habitated by 2873: 2868: 2865: 2777:Border Roads Organisation 1855:into the more stationary 1625:Union territory of Ladakh 1460:in 1947, the Dogra ruler 1452:Jammu and Kashmir (state) 1360:Raja Gulab Singh of Jammu 1104:Sayyid Muhammad Nur Baksh 1082:Namgyal dynasty of Ladakh 895:in the Tibetan language. 639: 630:Names and their etymology 476:since 1947 and India and 406: 394: 382: 365: 343: 329: 324: 312: 304: 296: 291: 283: 275: 267: 262: 248: 235: 217: 204: 194: 189: 175: 159: 149: 139: 104: 99:Interactive map of Ladakh 97: 43: 33: 26: 10720:India-China Border Roads 9326:. Harvill Press, London. 9067:Allan, Nigel J. R. 1995 7871:Dhontang: Food in Ladakh 7747:Journal of Peace Studies 6783:Environmental Management 6712:Environmental Management 6450:Nordic Journal of Botany 6374:. Edugreen.teri.res.in. 6187:Ministry of Home Affairs 5972:The Tribune (Chandigarh) 5721:, XXIII, 3, pp. 169–199. 5226:Loram, Charlie (2004) . 4777:– via archive.org. 4088:Encyclopaedia Britannica 3990: 3762: 3753:Central Universities Act 3744:in the district of Leh. 3475: 2279:Administration of Ladakh 2226: 1583:People's Liberation Army 925:style. It is similar to 902:Royal drinking scene at 792:From around 660 CE, the 199:Administration of Ladakh 10858:Phuktal Monastic School 10843:Druk White Lotus School 10735:Nimmu–Padum–Darcha road 9686:Geology of the Himalaya 9584:India–Pakistan conflict 9507:Tibet–Ladakh–Mughal war 9148:28 October 2022 at the 8864:– via archive.org 8846:Francke, August Hermann 8800:Emmer, Gerhard (2007), 8356:Justin Shilad (2009) . 8135:Business Standard India 6934:. New India Publisher. 6864:Biological Conservation 5247:My Journey of Discovery 4930:Oxford University Press 4316:Bose, Sumantra (2009), 4043:earthquake hazard scale 3729:and is operated by the 3305:(also called Bauti), a 2896:Females per 1000 males 2793:Nimmu–Padam–Darcha road 2709:Naked barley (Ladakhi: 2665:Jamyang Tsering Namgyal 2287:Under the terms of the 2259:, and various grasses. 2215:, and several types of 1685:Jammu and Kashmir state 1611:Divisional Commissioner 1473:Instrument of Accession 1247:Tibet–Ladakh–Mughal war 1035:, circa 13th century CE 937:Nyimagon's eldest son, 688:, meaning "highland"); 482:Tibet Autonomous Region 10895:Line of Actual Control 10555:Mashro/Matho Monastery 9531:Post-Independent India 9316:. Rider Books, London. 9253:5 January 2016 at the 9236:5 January 2016 at the 9206:Ham, Peter Van. 2015. 9159:Gillespie, A. (2007). 9141:Gillespie, A. (2007). 6400:. LehLadakhIndia.com. 6372:"Edugreen.teri.res.in" 6302:. 2007. Archived from 6169:, NDTV, 5 August 2019. 6134:Business Today (India) 5625:Bora, Nirmala (2004). 5345:, BRILL, p. 293, 4390:"The Gazette of India" 4184:Encyclopedia Americana 3713: 3579: 3555: 3546:Social status of women 3542: 3541:Winter Games in Ladakh 3485: 3444: 3436: 3378:, known in Ladakhi as 3359: 2887:Females per 1000 males 2805: 2772: 2699: 2687: 2669:Bharatiya Janata Party 2274: 2168: 2157: 2057: 2000: 1761: 1750: 1742: 1719: 1677:Kushok Bakula Rinpoche 1640: 1587:Line of Actual Control 1570:was erected in Leh by 1523: 1348: 1230: 1212: 1147: 1091: 999: 934: 865: 857: 828:Early medieval history 727: 634:The classical name in 308:4.6/km (12/sq mi) 276:Highest elevation 11318:Trans-Karakoram Tract 10921:Curious BRO roadsigns 10715:Darbuk–Shyok–DBO Road 9548:1971 battle of Turtuk 9512:Treaty of Tingmosgang 9490:Pre-Independent India 9308:Norberg-Hodge, Helena 9109:Drew, Federic. 1877. 9086:Cunningham, Alexander 8914:Handa, O. C. (2001), 8719:"The Daily Excelsior" 8472:. 21 September 2018. 7221:Weare, Garry (2002). 6259:3 August 2020 at the 6165:6 August 2019 at the 5761:Rediscovery of Ladakh 5655:Rediscovery of Ladakh 5450:Howard, Neil (1997), 4924:Rizvi, Janet (1996). 4858:Rizvi, Janet (2001). 4013:Trans-Karakoram Tract 3794:Reach Ladakh Bulletin 3708: 3577: 3553: 3536: 3483: 3442: 3434: 3355: 2801: 2770: 2693: 2682: 2382:http://kargil.nic.in/ 2270: 2163: 2155: 2068:in 1820, followed by 2047: 1998: 1756: 1748: 1740: 1717: 1638: 1522:National Highway No 1 1521: 1515:throughout the year. 1334: 1218: 1210: 1142: 1133:Sheikh Zain Shahwalli 1089: 971: 901: 863: 841: 832:Further information: 725: 624:second least populous 344: • Regional 330: • Official 284:Lowest elevation 124:34.16417°N 77.58472°E 10868:University of Ladakh 10741:Sasoma–Saser La Road 10737:(under construction) 10482:Buddhist monasteries 10465:Shanti Stupa, Ladakh 9651:Lieutenant Governors 9579:India–China conflict 9329:Rizvi, Janet. 1998. 9279:Knight, E. F. 1893. 9199:Gordon, T. E. 1876. 9182:The Road to Lamaland 9166:23 July 2012 at the 9127:5 April 2023 at the 8940:, Indus Publishing, 8920:, Indus Publishing, 8745:"Epilogue's website" 8691:Deptt, Information. 8668:. 14 December 2021. 8502:. 10 December 2019. 8237:. 28 November 2019. 7659:www.census2011.co.in 7629:www.census2011.co.in 6427:. Prague: Academia. 6053:. 15 February 2019. 6036:26 June 2019 at the 5758:Kaul, H. N. (1998). 5731:Sali, M. L. (1998). 5652:Kaul, H. N. (1998). 4769:. London. p. 11 4460:. 12 November 2019. 4248:Talbot, Ian (2016), 3747:In August 2021, the 3718:University of Ladakh 3583:Traditional medicine 3295: Others (7.69%) 2694:Preparing apricots. 2293:legislative assembly 1776:), the entire upper 1672:as done previously. 1540:Srinagar-Leh highway 1512:Srinagar-Leh Highway 1368:First Anglo-Sikh War 1256:Galdan Boshugtu Khan 1178:Ali Sher Khan Anchan 1131:expelled the mystic 1108:Mir Shamsuddin Iraqi 1009:Mirza Haidar Dughlat 742:who originated from 726:South Asia in 565 CE 701:Country of mountains 396:Vehicle registration 305: • Density 220:Member of Parliament 10432:Hemis National Park 9835:Drang-Drung Glacier 9753:Teram Shehr Plateau 9344:Sen, Sohini. 2015. 9264:A Journey in Ladakh 8771:"The Kashmir Times" 8699:on 1 September 2020 8622:on 20 January 2011. 8368:on 11 November 2013 8211:on 22 February 2012 7963:"Hockey Foundation" 7593:"Endangered Ladakh" 7489:on 13 December 2011 7336:on 5 September 2012 7279:on 30 November 2012 6611:2007EcoR...22...25N 6599:Ecological Research 6540:Namgail, T (2006). 6398:"Climate in Ladakh" 5452:"History of Ladakh" 5181:Mann, R.S. (2002). 5104:Pirumshoev, H. S.; 5069:La dvags rgyal rabs 4835:. 8 February 2012. 4829:"Fantasy frontiers" 4640:Jina, Ladakh (1996) 4428:. 17 October 2019. 4158:Pletcher, Kenneth, 3828:The Daily Excelsior 3749:Parliament of India 3562:and inheritance by 3526:is a high-altitude 3192:district. Majority 3116: Other (0.02%) 2862: 2736:between Punjab and 2661:Ladakh constituency 2620:Government of India 2297:Lieutenant Governor 2070:Ferdinand Stoliczka 2062:Ladakiella klimesii 1828:, China across the 1808:to the north, over 1710:Geography of Ladakh 1666:Lieutenant Governor 1661:Parliament of India 1456:At the time of the 1136:school of thought. 1100:Sayyid Ali Hamadani 927:another royal scene 563:river valleys. The 526:Government of India 207:Lieutenant Governor 141:Administering state 120: / 84:Sheep grazing near 11437:Karakoram Province 11199:Historical Regions 10725:Leh–Manali Highway 9621:Politics of Ladakh 9553:2010 Ladakh floods 9472:Black-necked crane 9294:Moorcroft, William 9104:Filippo De Filippi 9096:Desideri, Ippolito 8665:The Indian Express 8500:The Indian Express 8286:Ray, John (2005). 8061:on 31 January 2021 7757:on 1 December 2014 7598:The Times of India 7572:on 1 November 2021 7509:"Rural population" 7303:The Times of India 7116:. 5 October 2019. 6998:The Economic Times 6309:on 31 October 2014 6226:. 30 August 2019. 6083:on 19 October 2006 6005:The Indian Express 5936:The Indian Express 5887:The Times of India 5228:Trekking in Ladakh 4625:Encycl. Brit. XVI. 4490:on 8 December 2008 4005:disputed territory 3984:Polyandry in Tibet 3714: 3580: 3556: 3543: 3486: 3445: 3437: 3372:(noodle soup) and 3360: 2860: 2806: 2773: 2700: 2688: 2416:http://leh.nic.in/ 2301:President of India 2283:Politics of Ladakh 2275: 2169: 2158: 2058: 2050:black-necked crane 2040:Wildlife of Ladakh 2001: 1898:, Leh, Skardu and 1762: 1751: 1743: 1720: 1659:was passed by the 1657:reorganisation act 1655:In August 2019, a 1641: 1524: 1458:partition of India 1349: 1231: 1213: 1148: 1092: 993:; nearer this way 935: 866: 858: 728: 472:between India and 297: • Total 268: • Total 129:34.16417; 77.58472 92:in northern Ladakh 11450: 11449: 11420:Jammu and Kashmir 11414:Jammu and Kashmir 11397: 11396: 11334:Jammu and Kashmir 11212: 11211: 11204:British Provinces 11184:Capitals in India 11156:Jammu and Kashmir 11128:Union territories 10988:Arunachal Pradesh 10933: 10932: 10929: 10928: 10876: 10875: 10772: 10771: 10763:Srinagar–Leh line 10757:Bhanupli–Leh line 10668: 10667: 10470:Siachen Base Camp 10404: 10403: 10137: 10136: 9845:Parkachik Glacier 9712:Saltoro Mountains 9602: 9601: 9517:Dogra–Tibetan War 9366:The Tibet Journal 9052:978-81-7387-031-6 8969:978-90-04-27180-7 8947:978-81-7387-057-6 8927:978-81-7387-124-5 8840:on 27 August 2017 8815:978-90-474-2171-9 8693:"ReachLadakh.com" 8319:on 26 March 2009. 8119:on 14 March 2013. 7880:978-93-83802-15-9 7805:on 16 August 2018 7799:BIRDING IN LADAKH 7000:. 5 August 2019. 6434:978-80-200-2826-6 6339:978-0-521-46796-4 6137:. 6 August 2019. 5963:Stobdan, Phunchok 5927:Stobdan, Phunchok 5837:978-0-231-14468-1 5798:978-0-8122-0531-2 5406:, pp. 15–16. 5379:978-1-4422-3462-8 5352:978-90-04-21653-2 5257:978-1-4828-4140-4 5194:978-81-7099-838-9 5168:978-1-108-02255-2 5126:978-92-3-103876-1 5106:Dani, Ahmad Hasan 5063:978-90-04-27180-7 5025:978-81-206-0769-9 4763:(25 March 2023). 4729:978-0-231-14554-1 4372:978-1-84904-621-3 4351:978-1-107-11162-2 4329:978-0-674-02855-5 4281:978-0-7656-8005-1 4261:978-0-300-19694-8 4228:978-0-415-93922-5 4194:978-0-7172-0139-6 3949:Om Mani Padme Hum 3899:Thiksey Monastery 3887:Shanti Stupa, Leh 3700:Deemed University 3336:Culture of Ladakh 3036: 3035: 2893:Percentage change 2884:Percentage change 2683:Street market in 2659:. The MP for the 2653:Indian parliament 2582: 2581: 2299:appointed by the 2066:William Moorcroft 1681:Thupstan Chhewang 1572:Nipponzan Myohoji 1508:Karakoram highway 1372:Jammu and Kashmir 1125:Noorbakshia Islam 995:Lde-mchog-dkar-po 939:Lhachen Palgyigon 821:Umayyad Caliphate 815:and disappeared. 713:History of Ladakh 616:Jammu and Kashmir 597:Tibetan Buddhists 530:tourism in Ladakh 490:Jammu and Kashmir 422: 421: 195: • Body 11520: 11463:Regions of India 11416:(princely state) 11389:Gilgit-Baltistan 11294: 11293: 11239: 11232: 11225: 11216: 11215: 11023:Himachal Pradesh 10960: 10953: 10946: 10937: 10936: 10885: 10884: 10781: 10780: 10679: 10678: 10415: 10414: 10396:Bono-na festival 10329: 10328: 9671: 9670: 9594:Siachen conflict 9589:Kashmir conflict 9574:Demchok conflict 9487: 9486: 9419: 9409: 9402: 9395: 9386: 9385: 9348:. Niyogi Books. 9056: 9035: 9033: 9016: 8994: 8972: 8950: 8930: 8910: 8904: 8900: 8898: 8890: 8865: 8841: 8836:, archived from 8818: 8787: 8786: 8784: 8782: 8767: 8761: 8760: 8758: 8756: 8741: 8735: 8734: 8732: 8730: 8715: 8709: 8708: 8706: 8704: 8688: 8682: 8681: 8679: 8677: 8656: 8650: 8649: 8647: 8645: 8630: 8624: 8623: 8618:. Archived from 8612: 8606: 8605: 8603: 8601: 8582: 8576: 8575: 8573: 8571: 8552: 8546: 8545: 8543: 8541: 8522: 8516: 8515: 8513: 8511: 8492: 8486: 8485: 8483: 8481: 8462: 8456: 8455: 8453: 8451: 8442:. 23 July 2021. 8436: 8430: 8429: 8427: 8425: 8420:on 10 March 2022 8416:. Archived from 8410: 8404: 8403: 8401: 8399: 8384: 8378: 8377: 8375: 8373: 8364:. Archived from 8362:Himal Southasian 8353: 8347: 8346: 8344: 8342: 8327: 8321: 8320: 8310: 8302: 8296: 8295: 8283: 8277: 8276: 8274: 8272: 8257: 8251: 8250: 8248: 8246: 8227: 8221: 8220: 8218: 8216: 8201: 8195: 8194: 8192: 8190: 8175: 8166: 8165: 8157: 8151: 8150: 8148: 8146: 8127: 8121: 8120: 8115:. Archived from 8109: 8103: 8102: 8100: 8098: 8077: 8071: 8070: 8068: 8066: 8057:. Archived from 8049:(18 July 2011). 8047:Khagta, Himanshu 8043: 8037: 8036: 8034: 8032: 8011: 8005: 8004: 8002: 8000: 7989:"Ladakh culture" 7985: 7979: 7978: 7976: 7974: 7958: 7952: 7951: 7949: 7947: 7938:. Archived from 7932: 7926: 7925: 7923: 7921: 7906: 7900: 7899: 7891: 7885: 7884: 7866: 7860: 7859: 7847: 7841: 7840: 7838: 7836: 7821: 7815: 7814: 7812: 7810: 7801:. Archived from 7791: 7785: 7784: 7782: 7780: 7765: 7759: 7758: 7738: 7732: 7731: 7729: 7727: 7712: 7701: 7700: 7698: 7696: 7681: 7675: 7674: 7672: 7670: 7651: 7645: 7644: 7642: 7640: 7621: 7615: 7614: 7612: 7610: 7588: 7582: 7581: 7579: 7577: 7568:. Archived from 7562: 7556: 7555: 7553: 7551: 7536: 7525: 7524: 7522: 7520: 7505: 7499: 7498: 7496: 7494: 7488: 7481: 7473: 7464: 7463: 7461: 7459: 7450:. Archived from 7437: 7431: 7430: 7428: 7426: 7404: 7398: 7397: 7395: 7393: 7378: 7372: 7371: 7369: 7367: 7352: 7346: 7345: 7343: 7341: 7325: 7319: 7318: 7316: 7314: 7295: 7289: 7288: 7286: 7284: 7278: 7271: 7263: 7257: 7256: 7254: 7252: 7237: 7231: 7230: 7225:(4th ed.). 7218: 7209: 7208: 7206: 7204: 7185: 7179: 7178: 7167: 7161: 7160: 7158: 7156: 7136: 7130: 7129: 7127: 7125: 7106: 7100: 7099: 7093: 7085: 7073: 7067: 7066: 7064: 7062: 7047: 7041: 7040: 7029: 7014: 7013: 7011: 7009: 6990: 6984: 6983: 6981: 6979: 6964: 6958: 6957: 6955: 6953: 6925: 6919: 6918: 6898: 6892: 6891: 6889: 6887: 6855: 6849: 6848: 6836: 6830: 6829: 6827: 6825: 6819: 6780: 6771: 6765: 6764: 6752: 6746: 6745: 6735: 6703: 6697: 6696: 6694: 6692: 6686: 6679: 6661: 6652: 6646: 6645: 6643: 6641: 6635: 6596: 6587: 6581: 6578: 6572: 6571: 6569: 6567: 6561: 6546: 6537: 6531: 6530: 6524: 6520: 6518: 6510: 6508: 6506: 6500: 6489: 6480: 6474: 6473: 6445: 6439: 6438: 6420: 6414: 6413: 6411: 6409: 6394: 6388: 6387: 6385: 6383: 6368: 6362: 6361: 6350: 6344: 6343: 6325: 6319: 6318: 6316: 6314: 6308: 6297: 6289: 6283: 6270: 6264: 6251: 6240: 6239: 6237: 6235: 6214: 6205: 6204: 6203: 6201: 6195: 6184: 6176: 6170: 6157: 6151: 6150: 6148: 6146: 6125: 6119: 6118: 6116: 6114: 6099: 6093: 6092: 6090: 6088: 6073: 6067: 6066: 6064: 6062: 6047: 6041: 6028: 6022: 6021: 6019: 6017: 5995: 5989: 5988: 5986: 5984: 5959: 5953: 5952: 5950: 5948: 5923: 5917: 5910: 5904: 5903: 5901: 5899: 5877: 5871: 5860: 5854: 5853: 5851: 5849: 5821: 5815: 5814: 5812: 5810: 5782: 5776: 5775: 5755: 5749: 5748: 5728: 5722: 5703: 5697: 5696: 5676: 5670: 5669: 5649: 5643: 5642: 5622: 5616: 5615: 5595: 5589: 5588: 5568: 5562: 5561: 5541: 5535: 5534: 5532: 5530: 5508: 5502: 5501: 5480: 5469: 5468: 5447: 5438: 5437: 5435: 5433: 5413: 5407: 5401: 5395: 5389: 5383: 5382: 5363: 5357: 5355: 5334: 5328: 5322: 5316: 5310: 5304: 5268: 5262: 5261: 5241: 5232: 5231: 5223: 5206: 5205: 5203: 5201: 5178: 5172: 5171: 5152: 5146: 5144: 5143: 5141: 5135: 5114: 5101: 5095: 5094: 5092: 5078: 5072: 5066: 5048: 5042: 5028: 5009: 5003: 5002: 5000: 4998: 4979: 4973: 4972: 4970: 4968: 4940: 4934: 4933: 4921: 4904: 4903: 4901: 4899: 4879: 4873: 4870: 4864: 4863: 4855: 4849: 4848: 4846: 4844: 4825: 4819: 4818: 4816: 4814: 4799: 4793: 4792: 4786: 4778: 4776: 4774: 4757: 4751: 4749: 4700: 4694: 4693: 4687: 4683: 4681: 4673: 4671: 4669: 4648: 4642: 4637: 4631: 4630: 4620: 4618: 4604: 4598: 4597: 4596: 4594: 4588: 4577: 4569: 4563: 4562: 4560: 4558: 4536: 4530: 4529: 4527: 4525: 4506: 4500: 4499: 4497: 4495: 4480: 4474: 4473: 4471: 4469: 4448: 4442: 4441: 4439: 4437: 4422: 4416: 4415: 4413: 4411: 4405: 4394: 4386: 4377: 4375: 4354: 4332: 4312: 4289: 4264: 4243: 4242: 4240: 4209: 4208: 4206: 4176: 4175: 4173: 4153: 4152: 4150: 4125:tertiary sources 4117: 4108: 4107: 4101: 4099: 4080: 4055: 4052: 4046: 4039: 4033: 4026: 4020: 4009:Gilgit-Baltistan 4001: 3979:Emblem of Ladakh 3944: 3932: 3920: 3908: 3896: 3884: 3872: 3860: 3660:Moravian Mission 3602:Chinese medicine 3594:Tibetan medicine 3307:Tibetic language 3294: 3284: 3274: 3264: 3254: 3244: 3234: 3224: 3146:Tibetan Buddhism 3121: 3115: 3105: 3095: 3085: 3075: 3065: 3055: 2863: 2859: 2830:Indian Air Force 2818:Daulat Beg Oldie 2321: 2320: 2250:stinging nettles 2205:Tibetan sand fox 2156:Ibexes in Ladakh 2125:Tibetan antelope 1982:Mamostong Kangri 1786:Lahaul and Spiti 1699: 1691: 1607:Kashmir Division 1436:Phuntsok Wangyal 1309: 1294: 1279: 1144:Thikse Monastery 1076:Medieval history 1056: 1044: 1028: 931:Mangyu Monastery 912: 909: 886: 883: 852: 849: 814: 811: 666:is derived from 641: 494:Gilgit-Baltistan 486:Himachal Pradesh 455: 454: 451: 450: 447: 444: 441: 438: 435: 418: 415: 413: 135: 134: 132: 131: 130: 125: 121: 118: 117: 116: 113: 76: 65: 54: 24: 23: 11528: 11527: 11523: 11522: 11521: 11519: 11518: 11517: 11453: 11452: 11451: 11446: 11425: 11393: 11355: 11322: 11285: 11281:Siachen Glacier 11249: 11243: 11213: 11208: 11175: 11122: 10969: 10964: 10934: 10925: 10909: 10900:Line of Control 10872: 10821: 10801: 10795: 10768: 10745: 10703: 10664: 10481: 10474: 10460:Ladakh Marathon 10441: 10410: 10400: 10384: 10343: 10339:Music of Ladakh 10320: 10176:Daulat Beg Oldi 10143: 10133: 10077: 9966: 9880: 9859: 9855:Siachen Glacier 9818: 9757: 9726: 9702:Baltoro Muztagh 9690: 9660: 9598: 9562: 9526: 9476: 9445: 9427: 9421:Union Territory 9413: 9376: 9371: 9320:Peissel, Michel 9298:Trebeck, George 9255:Wayback Machine 9238:Wayback Machine 9168:Wayback Machine 9150:Wayback Machine 9129:Wayback Machine 9063: 9061:Further reading 9053: 9031: 9023:Petech, Luciano 9014: 8992: 8970: 8948: 8928: 8902: 8901: 8892: 8891: 8887: 8862: 8816: 8796: 8791: 8790: 8780: 8778: 8769: 8768: 8764: 8754: 8752: 8747:. Epilogue.in. 8743: 8742: 8738: 8728: 8726: 8717: 8716: 8712: 8702: 8700: 8689: 8685: 8675: 8673: 8658: 8657: 8653: 8643: 8641: 8640:on 4 March 2016 8634:"Thaindia News" 8632: 8631: 8627: 8614: 8613: 8609: 8599: 8597: 8584: 8583: 8579: 8569: 8567: 8560:Hindustan Times 8554: 8553: 8549: 8539: 8537: 8524: 8523: 8519: 8509: 8507: 8494: 8493: 8489: 8479: 8477: 8464: 8463: 8459: 8449: 8447: 8438: 8437: 8433: 8423: 8421: 8412: 8411: 8407: 8397: 8395: 8386: 8385: 8381: 8371: 8369: 8354: 8350: 8340: 8338: 8329: 8328: 8324: 8308: 8304: 8303: 8299: 8284: 8280: 8270: 8268: 8259: 8258: 8254: 8244: 8242: 8229: 8228: 8224: 8214: 8212: 8203: 8202: 8198: 8188: 8186: 8185:on 17 June 2009 8177: 8176: 8169: 8158: 8154: 8144: 8142: 8129: 8128: 8124: 8111: 8110: 8106: 8096: 8094: 8079: 8078: 8074: 8064: 8062: 8044: 8040: 8030: 8028: 8027:on 30 July 2013 8020:Greater Kashmir 8013: 8012: 8008: 7998: 7996: 7995:on 12 July 2006 7987: 7986: 7982: 7972: 7970: 7961:Sherlip, Adam. 7959: 7955: 7945: 7943: 7942:on 29 June 2011 7934: 7933: 7929: 7919: 7917: 7916:on 10 July 2011 7908: 7907: 7903: 7892: 7888: 7881: 7867: 7863: 7848: 7844: 7834: 7832: 7823: 7822: 7818: 7808: 7806: 7793: 7792: 7788: 7778: 7776: 7767: 7766: 7762: 7739: 7735: 7725: 7723: 7714: 7713: 7704: 7694: 7692: 7682: 7678: 7668: 7666: 7653: 7652: 7648: 7638: 7636: 7623: 7622: 7618: 7608: 7606: 7589: 7585: 7575: 7573: 7564: 7563: 7559: 7549: 7547: 7538: 7537: 7528: 7518: 7516: 7515:on 10 July 2011 7507: 7506: 7502: 7492: 7490: 7486: 7479: 7475: 7474: 7467: 7457: 7455: 7447:Greater Kashmir 7438: 7434: 7424: 7422: 7405: 7401: 7391: 7389: 7380: 7379: 7375: 7365: 7363: 7354: 7353: 7349: 7339: 7337: 7326: 7322: 7312: 7310: 7297: 7296: 7292: 7282: 7280: 7276: 7269: 7265: 7264: 7260: 7250: 7248: 7239: 7238: 7234: 7219: 7212: 7202: 7200: 7187: 7186: 7182: 7177:on 13 May 2013. 7169: 7168: 7164: 7154: 7152: 7137: 7133: 7123: 7121: 7108: 7107: 7103: 7087: 7086: 7074: 7070: 7060: 7058: 7049: 7048: 7044: 7038:Economics Times 7030: 7017: 7007: 7005: 6992: 6991: 6987: 6977: 6975: 6966: 6965: 6961: 6951: 6949: 6942: 6926: 6922: 6915: 6899: 6895: 6885: 6883: 6856: 6852: 6837: 6833: 6823: 6821: 6817: 6778: 6772: 6768: 6753: 6749: 6704: 6700: 6690: 6688: 6684: 6659: 6653: 6649: 6639: 6637: 6633: 6594: 6588: 6584: 6579: 6575: 6565: 6563: 6559: 6544: 6538: 6534: 6522: 6521: 6512: 6511: 6504: 6502: 6498: 6487: 6481: 6477: 6446: 6442: 6435: 6421: 6417: 6407: 6405: 6396: 6395: 6391: 6381: 6379: 6370: 6369: 6365: 6360:on 2 July 2007. 6352: 6351: 6347: 6340: 6326: 6322: 6312: 6310: 6306: 6295: 6291: 6290: 6286: 6271: 6267: 6261:Wayback Machine 6252: 6243: 6233: 6231: 6223:Daily Excelsior 6216: 6215: 6208: 6199: 6197: 6193: 6182: 6178: 6177: 6173: 6167:Wayback Machine 6158: 6154: 6144: 6142: 6127: 6126: 6122: 6112: 6110: 6101: 6100: 6096: 6086: 6084: 6075: 6074: 6070: 6060: 6058: 6049: 6048: 6044: 6038:Wayback Machine 6029: 6025: 6015: 6013: 5996: 5992: 5982: 5980: 5965:(28 May 2020). 5960: 5956: 5946: 5944: 5929:(26 May 2020). 5924: 5920: 5911: 5907: 5897: 5895: 5878: 5874: 5861: 5857: 5847: 5845: 5838: 5822: 5818: 5808: 5806: 5799: 5783: 5779: 5772: 5756: 5752: 5745: 5729: 5725: 5704: 5700: 5693: 5677: 5673: 5666: 5650: 5646: 5639: 5623: 5619: 5612: 5596: 5592: 5585: 5569: 5565: 5558: 5542: 5538: 5528: 5526: 5524: 5510: 5509: 5505: 5499: 5481: 5472: 5466: 5448: 5441: 5431: 5429: 5414: 5410: 5402: 5398: 5390: 5386: 5380: 5364: 5360: 5353: 5335: 5331: 5323: 5319: 5315:, pp. 7–8. 5311: 5307: 5269: 5265: 5258: 5242: 5235: 5224: 5209: 5199: 5197: 5195: 5179: 5175: 5169: 5153: 5149: 5139: 5137: 5133: 5127: 5112: 5102: 5098: 5090: 5082:Petech, Luciano 5079: 5075: 5064: 5050: 5049: 5045: 5026: 5010: 5006: 4996: 4994: 4981: 4980: 4976: 4966: 4964: 4941: 4937: 4922: 4907: 4897: 4895: 4880: 4876: 4871: 4867: 4856: 4852: 4842: 4840: 4827: 4826: 4822: 4812: 4810: 4801: 4800: 4796: 4780: 4779: 4772: 4770: 4758: 4754: 4730: 4701: 4697: 4685: 4684: 4675: 4674: 4667: 4665: 4660:. 19 May 2011. 4650: 4649: 4645: 4638: 4634: 4616: 4614: 4605: 4601: 4592: 4590: 4586: 4575: 4571: 4570: 4566: 4556: 4554: 4537: 4533: 4523: 4521: 4508: 4507: 4503: 4493: 4491: 4482: 4481: 4477: 4467: 4465: 4457:Daily Excelsior 4450: 4449: 4445: 4435: 4433: 4424: 4423: 4419: 4409: 4407: 4403: 4397:egazette.nic.in 4392: 4388: 4387: 4380: 4373: 4356: 4352: 4335: 4330: 4313: 4305: 4290: 4282: 4267: 4262: 4245: 4238: 4236: 4229: 4212: 4204: 4202: 4195: 4180: 4178: 4171: 4169: 4155: 4148: 4146: 4135: 4133: 4118: 4111: 4097: 4095: 4082: 4081: 4074: 4069: 4064: 4059: 4058: 4053: 4049: 4040: 4036: 4027: 4023: 4002: 3998: 3993: 3988: 3959: 3952: 3945: 3936: 3933: 3924: 3921: 3912: 3911:Likir Monastery 3909: 3900: 3897: 3888: 3885: 3876: 3873: 3864: 3861: 3852: 3816:Sintic Magazine 3775:All India Radio 3771: 3765: 3664:Wazir-i Wazarat 3648: 3591: 3585: 3548: 3524:Ladakh Marathon 3478: 3465:Hemis monastery 3429: 3427:Music of Ladakh 3423: 3421:Music and dance 3350: 3342:Tibetan culture 3338: 3332: 3299: 3298: 3297: 3296: 3292: 3290: 3282: 3280: 3272: 3270: 3262: 3260: 3252: 3250: 3242: 3240: 3232: 3230: 3222: 3214: 3126: 3125: 3124: 3123: 3119: 3117: 3113: 3111: 3103: 3101: 3093: 3091: 3083: 3081: 3073: 3071: 3063: 3061: 3053: 3045: 2875:Kargil District 2858: 2765: 2696:Alchi Monastery 2677: 2649: 2629: 2587: 2334: 2319: 2313: 2285: 2277:Main articles: 2265: 2229: 2147:Tibetan gazelle 2081:palaeontologist 2042: 2036: 2034:Flora and fauna 2013:Chewang Norphel 1970:Apsarasas Group 1938:Siachen Glacier 1834:Tibetan Plateau 1818:Vale of Kashmir 1792:(including the 1712: 1706: 1697: 1689: 1650:union territory 1633: 1627: 1599: 1597:Ladakh Division 1544:Line of Control 1504:Sino-Indian War 1454: 1448: 1409:wazir-e-wazarat 1394:Moravian Church 1370:, the state of 1358:, a general of 1329: 1323: 1316: 1313:Hemis Monastery 1310: 1301: 1295: 1286: 1283:Likir Monastery 1280: 1167:Namgyal dynasty 1084: 1078: 1071: 1065:Likir Monastery 1057: 1048: 1045: 1036: 1033:Alchi Monastery 1029: 1015:(Xuangzhang's, 910: 904:Alchi Monastery 884: 850: 836: 830: 812: 720: 718:Ancient history 715: 709: 632: 565:Kargil district 534:Indian military 506:Siachen Glacier 462:union territory 432: 428: 410: 255: 155:31 October 2019 151:Union territory 128: 126: 122: 119: 114: 111: 109: 107: 106: 100: 93: 82: 81: 80: 79: 78: 77: 68: 67: 66: 57: 56: 55: 39: 37:union territory 29: 22: 17: 12: 11: 5: 11526: 11516: 11515: 11510: 11505: 11500: 11495: 11490: 11485: 11480: 11475: 11470: 11465: 11448: 11447: 11445: 11444: 11439: 11433: 11431: 11427: 11426: 11424: 11423: 11422:(Indian state) 11417: 11411: 11405: 11403: 11399: 11398: 11395: 11394: 11392: 11391: 11386: 11385: 11384: 11379: 11374: 11363: 11361: 11357: 11356: 11354: 11353: 11348: 11347: 11346: 11341: 11330: 11328: 11324: 11323: 11321: 11320: 11315: 11300: 11298: 11291: 11287: 11286: 11284: 11283: 11278: 11276:Kashmir Valley 11273: 11268: 11263: 11257: 11255: 11251: 11250: 11242: 11241: 11234: 11227: 11219: 11210: 11209: 11207: 11206: 11201: 11196: 11191: 11186: 11180: 11177: 11176: 11174: 11173: 11168: 11163: 11158: 11153: 11148: 11143: 11138: 11132: 11130: 11124: 11123: 11121: 11120: 11115: 11110: 11105: 11100: 11095: 11090: 11085: 11080: 11075: 11070: 11065: 11060: 11055: 11050: 11045: 11043:Madhya Pradesh 11040: 11035: 11030: 11025: 11020: 11015: 11010: 11005: 11000: 10995: 10990: 10985: 10983:Andhra Pradesh 10979: 10977: 10971: 10970: 10963: 10962: 10955: 10948: 10940: 10931: 10930: 10927: 10926: 10924: 10923: 10917: 10915: 10911: 10910: 10908: 10907: 10902: 10897: 10891: 10889: 10882: 10878: 10877: 10874: 10873: 10871: 10870: 10865: 10860: 10855: 10850: 10845: 10840: 10835: 10829: 10827: 10823: 10822: 10820: 10819: 10814: 10811: 10805: 10803: 10797: 10796: 10794: 10793: 10787: 10785: 10778: 10777:Infrastructure 10774: 10773: 10770: 10769: 10767: 10766: 10760: 10753: 10751: 10747: 10746: 10744: 10743: 10738: 10732: 10727: 10722: 10717: 10711: 10709: 10705: 10704: 10702: 10701: 10696: 10691: 10689:Kargil Airport 10685: 10683: 10676: 10670: 10669: 10666: 10665: 10663: 10662: 10657: 10652: 10647: 10642: 10637: 10632: 10627: 10622: 10617: 10612: 10607: 10605:Shey Monastery 10602: 10597: 10592: 10587: 10582: 10577: 10572: 10567: 10562: 10557: 10552: 10547: 10542: 10537: 10532: 10527: 10522: 10517: 10512: 10507: 10502: 10497: 10492: 10486: 10484: 10476: 10475: 10473: 10472: 10467: 10462: 10457: 10451: 10449: 10443: 10442: 10440: 10439: 10434: 10429: 10423: 10421: 10412: 10406: 10405: 10402: 10401: 10399: 10398: 10392: 10390: 10386: 10385: 10383: 10382: 10377: 10372: 10367: 10362: 10357: 10351: 10349: 10345: 10344: 10342: 10341: 10335: 10333: 10326: 10322: 10321: 10319: 10318: 10313: 10308: 10303: 10298: 10293: 10288: 10283: 10278: 10273: 10268: 10263: 10258: 10253: 10248: 10243: 10238: 10233: 10228: 10223: 10218: 10213: 10208: 10203: 10198: 10193: 10188: 10183: 10178: 10173: 10168: 10163: 10158: 10153: 10147: 10145: 10139: 10138: 10135: 10134: 10132: 10131: 10126: 10121: 10119:Saltoro Kangri 10116: 10111: 10106: 10101: 10096: 10091: 10085: 10083: 10082:Mountain peaks 10079: 10078: 10076: 10075: 10070: 10065: 10060: 10055: 10050: 10045: 10040: 10035: 10030: 10025: 10020: 10015: 10010: 10005: 10003:Karakoram Pass 10000: 9995: 9990: 9985: 9980: 9974: 9972: 9968: 9967: 9965: 9964: 9959: 9954: 9949: 9944: 9939: 9934: 9929: 9924: 9919: 9914: 9909: 9904: 9899: 9894: 9888: 9886: 9882: 9881: 9879: 9878: 9873: 9867: 9865: 9861: 9860: 9858: 9857: 9852: 9850:Shafat Glacier 9847: 9842: 9840:Machoi Glacier 9837: 9832: 9830:Chumik Glacier 9826: 9824: 9820: 9819: 9817: 9816: 9811: 9806: 9801: 9796: 9791: 9786: 9784:Mushkoh Valley 9781: 9776: 9771: 9765: 9763: 9759: 9758: 9756: 9755: 9750: 9745: 9740: 9738:Depsang Plains 9734: 9732: 9728: 9727: 9725: 9724: 9719: 9714: 9709: 9704: 9698: 9696: 9692: 9691: 9689: 9688: 9683: 9677: 9675: 9668: 9662: 9661: 9659: 9658: 9653: 9648: 9643: 9638: 9633: 9628: 9623: 9618: 9612: 9610: 9608:Administration 9604: 9603: 9600: 9599: 9597: 9596: 9591: 9586: 9581: 9576: 9570: 9568: 9564: 9563: 9561: 9560: 9555: 9550: 9545: 9540: 9534: 9532: 9528: 9527: 9525: 9524: 9519: 9514: 9509: 9504: 9499: 9493: 9491: 9484: 9478: 9477: 9475: 9474: 9465: 9455: 9453: 9447: 9446: 9432: 9429: 9428: 9412: 9411: 9404: 9397: 9389: 9383: 9382: 9375: 9374:External links 9372: 9370: 9369: 9362: 9357: 9342: 9327: 9317: 9305: 9291: 9284: 9277: 9267: 9260:Harvey, Andrew 9257: 9240: 9223: 9204: 9197: 9188: 9179: 9157: 9139: 9132: 9114: 9107: 9093: 9083: 9064: 9062: 9059: 9058: 9057: 9051: 9036: 9019: 9018: 9017: 9012: 8995: 8990: 8968: 8956:"Introduction" 8951: 8946: 8931: 8926: 8911: 8885: 8879:. p. 94. 8866: 8860: 8842: 8819: 8814: 8795: 8792: 8789: 8788: 8762: 8736: 8710: 8683: 8651: 8625: 8607: 8590:Prasar Bharati 8577: 8547: 8517: 8487: 8457: 8431: 8405: 8379: 8348: 8322: 8297: 8278: 8252: 8222: 8196: 8167: 8152: 8122: 8104: 8093:on 17 May 2014 8072: 8038: 8006: 7980: 7953: 7927: 7901: 7886: 7879: 7861: 7850:Motup, Sonam. 7842: 7816: 7795:"About Ladakh" 7786: 7760: 7733: 7702: 7676: 7646: 7616: 7583: 7557: 7526: 7500: 7465: 7454:on 4 June 2013 7432: 7399: 7373: 7362:on 17 May 2014 7347: 7320: 7290: 7258: 7232: 7210: 7180: 7162: 7131: 7114:Business Today 7101: 7082:Times of India 7068: 7057:on 21 May 2011 7042: 7015: 6985: 6959: 6940: 6920: 6913: 6893: 6870:(4): 438–442. 6850: 6831: 6789:(4): 490–496. 6766: 6747: 6718:(6): 934–941. 6698: 6647: 6582: 6573: 6532: 6475: 6456:(6): 646–651. 6440: 6433: 6415: 6389: 6363: 6345: 6338: 6320: 6284: 6265: 6241: 6206: 6171: 6152: 6120: 6094: 6068: 6042: 6023: 5990: 5954: 5918: 5905: 5872: 5866:Madras Sappers 5855: 5836: 5816: 5797: 5777: 5770: 5750: 5743: 5723: 5698: 5691: 5671: 5664: 5644: 5637: 5617: 5610: 5590: 5583: 5563: 5556: 5536: 5522: 5503: 5497: 5470: 5464: 5439: 5408: 5396: 5384: 5378: 5358: 5351: 5329: 5317: 5305: 5263: 5256: 5233: 5207: 5193: 5173: 5167: 5147: 5125: 5096: 5073: 5062: 5043: 5024: 5004: 4974: 4935: 4905: 4874: 4865: 4850: 4820: 4809:. 9 March 2022 4794: 4752: 4728: 4722:. p. 52. 4706:, ed. (2008). 4695: 4643: 4632: 4599: 4564: 4531: 4514:peakbagger.com 4501: 4475: 4443: 4417: 4378: 4371: 4350: 4328: 4303: 4280: 4260: 4227: 4193: 4109: 4071: 4070: 4068: 4065: 4063: 4060: 4057: 4056: 4047: 4034: 4021: 3995: 3994: 3992: 3989: 3987: 3986: 3981: 3976: 3971: 3966: 3960: 3958: 3955: 3954: 3953: 3946: 3939: 3937: 3934: 3927: 3925: 3922: 3915: 3913: 3910: 3903: 3901: 3898: 3891: 3889: 3886: 3879: 3877: 3874: 3867: 3865: 3862: 3855: 3851: 3848: 3847: 3846: 3838: 3832: 3820: 3819: 3813: 3807: 3797: 3764: 3761: 3738:G Kishan Reddy 3725:is located in 3653:Tibetan script 3647: 3644: 3587:Main article: 3584: 3581: 3547: 3544: 3514:Singge Namgyal 3477: 3474: 3425:Main article: 3422: 3419: 3349: 3346: 3334:Main article: 3331: 3328: 3291: 3281: 3271: 3261: 3251: 3241: 3231: 3221: 3217: 3216: 3215: 3213: 3210: 3118: 3112: 3102: 3092: 3082: 3072: 3062: 3052: 3048: 3047: 3046: 3044: 3041: 3034: 3033: 3030: 3028: 3025: 3022: 3020: 3017: 3013: 3012: 3009: 3006: 3003: 3000: 2997: 2994: 2990: 2989: 2986: 2983: 2980: 2977: 2974: 2971: 2967: 2966: 2963: 2960: 2957: 2954: 2951: 2948: 2944: 2943: 2940: 2937: 2934: 2931: 2928: 2925: 2921: 2920: 2917: 2914: 2911: 2908: 2905: 2902: 2898: 2897: 2894: 2891: 2888: 2885: 2882: 2878: 2877: 2872: 2867: 2857: 2854: 2826:Kargil Airport 2764: 2763:Transportation 2761: 2676: 2673: 2648: 2645: 2628: 2625: 2606: 2605: 2600: 2586: 2583: 2580: 2579: 2577: 2575: 2573: 2571: 2568: 2565: 2563: 2559: 2558: 2556: 2554: 2549: 2546: 2544: 2542: 2537: 2531: 2530: 2528: 2526: 2521: 2518: 2516: 2514: 2509: 2503: 2502: 2500: 2498: 2493: 2490: 2488: 2486: 2481: 2475: 2474: 2472: 2470: 2465: 2462: 2460: 2458: 2453: 2447: 2446: 2444: 2442: 2437: 2434: 2432: 2430: 2425: 2419: 2418: 2413: 2408: 2405: 2402: 2399: 2396: 2391: 2385: 2384: 2379: 2374: 2369: 2366: 2363: 2360: 2355: 2349: 2348: 2345: 2342: 2339: 2336: 2335:(2011 Census) 2331: 2328: 2325: 2315:Main article: 2312: 2309: 2264: 2263:Administration 2261: 2228: 2225: 2117:Tibetan argali 2038:Main article: 2035: 2032: 1916:Mushkoh Valley 1857:Eurasian Plate 1830:Karakoram Pass 1800:in the east), 1708:Main article: 1705: 1702: 1646:Kashmir valley 1626: 1623: 1598: 1595: 1450:Main article: 1447: 1444: 1378:under British 1376:princely state 1325:Main article: 1322: 1319: 1318: 1317: 1311: 1304: 1302: 1296: 1289: 1287: 1281: 1274: 1252:5th Dalai Lama 1190:Sengge Namgyal 1129:Zain-ul-Abidin 1080:Main article: 1077: 1074: 1073: 1072: 1058: 1051: 1049: 1046: 1039: 1037: 1030: 1023: 911: 1200 CE 878:Kyide Nyimagon 844:Kyide Nyimagon 842:The empire of 829: 826: 817:Karkota Empire 798:Tibetan Empire 719: 716: 711:Main article: 708: 705: 631: 628: 543:, followed by 502:Karakoram Pass 420: 419: 408: 404: 403: 398: 392: 391: 386: 380: 379: 369: 363: 362: 345: 341: 340: 331: 327: 326: 322: 321: 316: 310: 309: 306: 302: 301: 298: 294: 293: 289: 288: 285: 281: 280: 277: 273: 272: 269: 265: 264: 260: 259: 250: 246: 245: 240: 233: 232: 225:Mohmad Haneefa 222: 215: 214: 209: 202: 201: 196: 192: 191: 187: 186: 179: 173: 172: 163: 157: 156: 153: 147: 146: 143: 137: 136: 102: 101: 98: 95: 94: 83: 71: 70: 69: 60: 59: 58: 49: 48: 47: 46: 45: 44: 41: 40: 34: 31: 30: 27: 20: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11525: 11514: 11511: 11509: 11506: 11504: 11501: 11499: 11496: 11494: 11491: 11489: 11486: 11484: 11481: 11479: 11476: 11474: 11471: 11469: 11466: 11464: 11461: 11460: 11458: 11443: 11442:Panun Kashmir 11440: 11438: 11435: 11434: 11432: 11428: 11421: 11418: 11415: 11412: 11410: 11409:Gilgit Agency 11407: 11406: 11404: 11400: 11390: 11387: 11383: 11380: 11378: 11375: 11373: 11370: 11369: 11368: 11365: 11364: 11362: 11358: 11352: 11349: 11345: 11342: 11340: 11337: 11336: 11335: 11332: 11331: 11329: 11325: 11319: 11316: 11313: 11309: 11305: 11302: 11301: 11299: 11295: 11292: 11288: 11282: 11279: 11277: 11274: 11272: 11269: 11267: 11264: 11262: 11259: 11258: 11256: 11252: 11248: 11240: 11235: 11233: 11228: 11226: 11221: 11220: 11217: 11205: 11202: 11200: 11197: 11195: 11192: 11190: 11187: 11185: 11182: 11181: 11178: 11172: 11169: 11167: 11164: 11162: 11159: 11157: 11154: 11152: 11149: 11147: 11144: 11142: 11139: 11137: 11134: 11133: 11131: 11129: 11125: 11119: 11116: 11114: 11111: 11109: 11108:Uttar Pradesh 11106: 11104: 11101: 11099: 11096: 11094: 11091: 11089: 11086: 11084: 11081: 11079: 11076: 11074: 11071: 11069: 11066: 11064: 11061: 11059: 11056: 11054: 11051: 11049: 11046: 11044: 11041: 11039: 11036: 11034: 11031: 11029: 11026: 11024: 11021: 11019: 11016: 11014: 11011: 11009: 11006: 11004: 11001: 10999: 10996: 10994: 10991: 10989: 10986: 10984: 10981: 10980: 10978: 10976: 10972: 10968: 10961: 10956: 10954: 10949: 10947: 10942: 10941: 10938: 10922: 10919: 10918: 10916: 10912: 10906: 10903: 10901: 10898: 10896: 10893: 10892: 10890: 10886: 10883: 10879: 10869: 10866: 10864: 10861: 10859: 10856: 10854: 10851: 10849: 10846: 10844: 10841: 10839: 10836: 10834: 10831: 10830: 10828: 10824: 10818: 10815: 10812: 10810: 10807: 10806: 10804: 10798: 10792: 10789: 10788: 10786: 10782: 10779: 10775: 10764: 10761: 10758: 10755: 10754: 10752: 10748: 10742: 10739: 10736: 10733: 10731: 10728: 10726: 10723: 10721: 10718: 10716: 10713: 10712: 10710: 10706: 10700: 10699:Military AGLs 10697: 10695: 10692: 10690: 10687: 10686: 10684: 10680: 10677: 10675: 10671: 10661: 10658: 10656: 10653: 10651: 10648: 10646: 10643: 10641: 10638: 10636: 10633: 10631: 10628: 10626: 10623: 10621: 10618: 10616: 10613: 10611: 10608: 10606: 10603: 10601: 10598: 10596: 10593: 10591: 10588: 10586: 10583: 10581: 10578: 10576: 10573: 10571: 10568: 10566: 10565:Namgyal Tsemo 10563: 10561: 10558: 10556: 10553: 10551: 10548: 10546: 10543: 10541: 10538: 10536: 10533: 10531: 10528: 10526: 10523: 10521: 10518: 10516: 10513: 10511: 10508: 10506: 10503: 10501: 10498: 10496: 10493: 10491: 10488: 10487: 10485: 10483: 10477: 10471: 10468: 10466: 10463: 10461: 10458: 10456: 10453: 10452: 10450: 10448: 10444: 10438: 10435: 10433: 10430: 10428: 10425: 10424: 10422: 10420: 10416: 10413: 10407: 10397: 10394: 10393: 10391: 10387: 10381: 10378: 10376: 10373: 10371: 10368: 10366: 10363: 10361: 10358: 10356: 10353: 10352: 10350: 10346: 10340: 10337: 10336: 10334: 10330: 10327: 10323: 10317: 10314: 10312: 10309: 10307: 10304: 10302: 10299: 10297: 10294: 10292: 10289: 10287: 10284: 10282: 10279: 10277: 10274: 10272: 10269: 10267: 10264: 10262: 10259: 10257: 10254: 10252: 10249: 10247: 10244: 10242: 10239: 10237: 10234: 10232: 10229: 10227: 10224: 10222: 10219: 10217: 10214: 10212: 10209: 10207: 10204: 10202: 10199: 10197: 10194: 10192: 10189: 10187: 10184: 10182: 10179: 10177: 10174: 10172: 10169: 10167: 10164: 10162: 10159: 10157: 10154: 10152: 10149: 10148: 10146: 10140: 10130: 10127: 10125: 10124:Sherpi Kangri 10122: 10120: 10117: 10115: 10112: 10110: 10107: 10105: 10102: 10100: 10097: 10095: 10094:Chumik Kangri 10092: 10090: 10087: 10086: 10084: 10080: 10074: 10071: 10069: 10066: 10064: 10061: 10059: 10056: 10054: 10051: 10049: 10046: 10044: 10041: 10039: 10036: 10034: 10031: 10029: 10026: 10024: 10021: 10019: 10016: 10014: 10011: 10009: 10006: 10004: 10001: 9999: 9996: 9994: 9991: 9989: 9986: 9984: 9981: 9979: 9976: 9975: 9973: 9969: 9963: 9960: 9958: 9955: 9953: 9950: 9948: 9945: 9943: 9940: 9938: 9935: 9933: 9930: 9928: 9925: 9923: 9920: 9918: 9915: 9913: 9910: 9908: 9905: 9903: 9900: 9898: 9895: 9893: 9890: 9889: 9887: 9883: 9877: 9874: 9872: 9869: 9868: 9866: 9862: 9856: 9853: 9851: 9848: 9846: 9843: 9841: 9838: 9836: 9833: 9831: 9828: 9827: 9825: 9821: 9815: 9812: 9810: 9807: 9805: 9802: 9800: 9797: 9795: 9792: 9790: 9787: 9785: 9782: 9780: 9777: 9775: 9772: 9770: 9767: 9766: 9764: 9760: 9754: 9751: 9749: 9746: 9744: 9741: 9739: 9736: 9735: 9733: 9729: 9723: 9722:Kailash Range 9720: 9718: 9717:Zanskar Range 9715: 9713: 9710: 9708: 9705: 9703: 9700: 9699: 9697: 9693: 9687: 9684: 9682: 9679: 9678: 9676: 9672: 9669: 9667: 9663: 9657: 9654: 9652: 9649: 9647: 9644: 9642: 9639: 9637: 9636:Ladakh Police 9634: 9632: 9629: 9627: 9624: 9622: 9619: 9617: 9614: 9613: 9611: 9609: 9605: 9595: 9592: 9590: 9587: 9585: 9582: 9580: 9577: 9575: 9572: 9571: 9569: 9565: 9559: 9556: 9554: 9551: 9549: 9546: 9544: 9541: 9539: 9536: 9535: 9533: 9529: 9523: 9520: 9518: 9515: 9513: 9510: 9508: 9505: 9503: 9500: 9498: 9495: 9494: 9492: 9488: 9485: 9483: 9479: 9473: 9469: 9466: 9464: 9460: 9457: 9456: 9454: 9452: 9451:State symbols 9448: 9444: 9443: 9438: 9437: 9430: 9426: 9422: 9418: 9410: 9405: 9403: 9398: 9396: 9391: 9390: 9387: 9381: 9378: 9377: 9367: 9363: 9361: 9358: 9355: 9354:9789385285028 9351: 9347: 9343: 9340: 9339:0-19-564546-4 9336: 9332: 9328: 9325: 9321: 9318: 9315: 9314: 9309: 9306: 9303: 9299: 9295: 9292: 9289: 9285: 9282: 9278: 9275: 9271: 9270:Pandit, K. N. 9268: 9265: 9261: 9258: 9256: 9252: 9249: 9245: 9241: 9239: 9235: 9232: 9228: 9224: 9221: 9220:9789383098934 9217: 9213: 9209: 9205: 9202: 9198: 9196: 9192: 9189: 9187: 9183: 9180: 9177: 9173: 9172:Ivana Markova 9169: 9165: 9162: 9158: 9155: 9151: 9147: 9144: 9140: 9137: 9133: 9130: 9126: 9123: 9119: 9115: 9112: 9108: 9105: 9101: 9097: 9094: 9091: 9087: 9084: 9082: 9081:969-8141-13-8 9078: 9074: 9070: 9066: 9065: 9054: 9048: 9044: 9043: 9037: 9030: 9029: 9024: 9020: 9015: 9013:9789004271807 9009: 9005: 9001: 8996: 8993: 8991:9789004271807 8987: 8983: 8979: 8974: 8973: 8971: 8965: 8961: 8957: 8952: 8949: 8943: 8939: 8938: 8932: 8929: 8923: 8919: 8918: 8912: 8908: 8896: 8888: 8886:81-206-0769-4 8882: 8878: 8874: 8873: 8867: 8863: 8861:9788120610439 8857: 8853: 8852: 8847: 8843: 8839: 8835: 8831: 8827: 8826: 8820: 8817: 8811: 8807: 8803: 8798: 8797: 8776: 8772: 8766: 8750: 8746: 8740: 8724: 8720: 8714: 8698: 8694: 8687: 8671: 8667: 8666: 8661: 8655: 8639: 8635: 8629: 8621: 8617: 8611: 8595: 8591: 8587: 8581: 8565: 8561: 8557: 8551: 8535: 8531: 8527: 8521: 8505: 8501: 8497: 8491: 8475: 8471: 8467: 8461: 8445: 8441: 8435: 8419: 8415: 8409: 8393: 8389: 8383: 8367: 8363: 8359: 8352: 8336: 8332: 8326: 8318: 8314: 8307: 8301: 8293: 8289: 8282: 8266: 8262: 8256: 8240: 8236: 8232: 8226: 8210: 8206: 8200: 8184: 8180: 8174: 8172: 8163: 8156: 8140: 8136: 8132: 8126: 8118: 8114: 8108: 8092: 8088: 8087: 8082: 8076: 8060: 8056: 8052: 8048: 8042: 8026: 8022: 8021: 8016: 8010: 7994: 7990: 7984: 7968: 7964: 7957: 7941: 7937: 7931: 7915: 7911: 7905: 7897: 7890: 7882: 7876: 7872: 7865: 7857: 7853: 7846: 7831:on 2 May 2012 7830: 7826: 7820: 7804: 7800: 7796: 7790: 7774: 7770: 7764: 7756: 7752: 7748: 7744: 7737: 7721: 7717: 7711: 7709: 7707: 7691: 7687: 7680: 7664: 7660: 7656: 7650: 7634: 7630: 7626: 7620: 7604: 7600: 7599: 7594: 7587: 7571: 7567: 7561: 7545: 7541: 7535: 7533: 7531: 7514: 7510: 7504: 7485: 7478: 7472: 7470: 7453: 7449: 7448: 7443: 7436: 7420: 7416: 7415: 7410: 7403: 7387: 7383: 7377: 7361: 7357: 7351: 7335: 7331: 7324: 7308: 7304: 7300: 7294: 7275: 7268: 7262: 7246: 7242: 7236: 7228: 7227:Lonely Planet 7224: 7217: 7215: 7198: 7194: 7190: 7184: 7176: 7172: 7166: 7150: 7146: 7142: 7135: 7119: 7115: 7111: 7105: 7097: 7091: 7083: 7079: 7072: 7056: 7052: 7046: 7039: 7035: 7028: 7026: 7024: 7022: 7020: 7003: 6999: 6995: 6989: 6973: 6969: 6963: 6947: 6943: 6941:9788189422363 6937: 6933: 6932: 6924: 6916: 6914:9789401780292 6910: 6906: 6905: 6897: 6881: 6877: 6873: 6869: 6865: 6861: 6854: 6846: 6842: 6835: 6816: 6812: 6808: 6804: 6800: 6796: 6792: 6788: 6784: 6777: 6770: 6762: 6758: 6751: 6743: 6739: 6734: 6729: 6725: 6721: 6717: 6713: 6709: 6702: 6683: 6678: 6673: 6669: 6665: 6658: 6651: 6632: 6628: 6624: 6620: 6616: 6612: 6608: 6604: 6600: 6593: 6586: 6577: 6558: 6554: 6550: 6543: 6536: 6528: 6516: 6497: 6493: 6486: 6479: 6471: 6467: 6463: 6459: 6455: 6451: 6444: 6436: 6430: 6426: 6419: 6403: 6399: 6393: 6377: 6373: 6367: 6359: 6355: 6349: 6341: 6335: 6331: 6324: 6305: 6301: 6294: 6288: 6280: 6275: 6269: 6262: 6258: 6255: 6250: 6248: 6246: 6229: 6225: 6224: 6219: 6213: 6211: 6196:on 6 May 2021 6192: 6188: 6181: 6175: 6168: 6164: 6161: 6156: 6140: 6136: 6135: 6130: 6124: 6108: 6104: 6098: 6082: 6078: 6072: 6056: 6052: 6046: 6039: 6035: 6032: 6027: 6011: 6007: 6006: 6001: 5994: 5978: 5974: 5973: 5968: 5964: 5958: 5942: 5938: 5937: 5932: 5928: 5922: 5915: 5912:Bammi, Y.M., 5909: 5893: 5889: 5888: 5883: 5876: 5869: 5867: 5859: 5843: 5839: 5833: 5829: 5828: 5820: 5804: 5800: 5794: 5790: 5789: 5781: 5773: 5771:9788173870866 5767: 5763: 5762: 5754: 5746: 5744:9788170249641 5740: 5736: 5735: 5727: 5720: 5716: 5715:East and West 5712: 5708: 5702: 5694: 5692:9788120814042 5688: 5684: 5683: 5675: 5667: 5665:9788173870866 5661: 5657: 5656: 5648: 5640: 5638:9788179750124 5634: 5630: 5629: 5621: 5613: 5611:9788120814042 5607: 5603: 5602: 5594: 5586: 5584:9788173870576 5580: 5576: 5575: 5567: 5559: 5557:9788185182759 5553: 5549: 5548: 5540: 5525: 5523:9788173871245 5519: 5515: 5514: 5507: 5500: 5498:9788120814042 5494: 5490: 5486: 5479: 5477: 5475: 5467: 5465:9788120814325 5461: 5457: 5453: 5446: 5444: 5427: 5423: 5419: 5412: 5405: 5400: 5393: 5388: 5381: 5375: 5371: 5370: 5362: 5354: 5348: 5344: 5340: 5333: 5327:, p. 86. 5326: 5321: 5314: 5309: 5302: 5298: 5297: 5292: 5288: 5284: 5280: 5276: 5273:, p. 7: 5272: 5267: 5259: 5253: 5249: 5248: 5240: 5238: 5229: 5222: 5220: 5218: 5216: 5214: 5212: 5196: 5190: 5186: 5185: 5177: 5170: 5164: 5160: 5159: 5151: 5132: 5128: 5122: 5118: 5111: 5107: 5100: 5089: 5088: 5083: 5077: 5070: 5065: 5059: 5055: 5054: 5047: 5040: 5036: 5032: 5027: 5021: 5017: 5016: 5008: 4992: 4988: 4984: 4978: 4962: 4958: 4954: 4950: 4946: 4939: 4931: 4927: 4920: 4918: 4916: 4914: 4912: 4910: 4893: 4889: 4885: 4878: 4869: 4861: 4854: 4838: 4834: 4833:The Economist 4830: 4824: 4808: 4804: 4798: 4790: 4784: 4768: 4767: 4762: 4761:Alastair Lamb 4756: 4747: 4743: 4739: 4735: 4731: 4725: 4721: 4717: 4713: 4709: 4705: 4704:Saul B. Cohen 4699: 4691: 4679: 4663: 4659: 4658: 4653: 4647: 4641: 4636: 4629: 4626: 4612: 4611: 4603: 4585: 4581: 4574: 4568: 4552: 4548: 4547: 4546:Outlook India 4542: 4535: 4519: 4515: 4511: 4505: 4489: 4485: 4479: 4463: 4459: 4458: 4453: 4447: 4431: 4427: 4421: 4402: 4398: 4391: 4385: 4383: 4374: 4368: 4364: 4363: 4353: 4347: 4343: 4342: 4331: 4325: 4321: 4320: 4311: 4306: 4304:9780197638408 4300: 4296: 4288: 4283: 4277: 4273: 4263: 4257: 4253: 4252: 4234: 4230: 4224: 4220: 4219: 4200: 4196: 4190: 4186: 4185: 4167: 4163: 4162: 4144: 4140: 4139: 4130: 4126: 4122: 4116: 4114: 4106: 4093: 4089: 4085: 4079: 4077: 4072: 4051: 4044: 4038: 4031: 4025: 4018: 4014: 4010: 4006: 4000: 3996: 3985: 3982: 3980: 3977: 3975: 3972: 3970: 3969:Ladakh Scouts 3967: 3965: 3962: 3961: 3950: 3943: 3938: 3931: 3926: 3919: 3914: 3907: 3902: 3895: 3890: 3883: 3878: 3871: 3866: 3859: 3854: 3853: 3844: 3843: 3842:Kashmir Times 3839: 3836: 3833: 3830: 3829: 3825: 3824: 3823: 3817: 3814: 3811: 3810:Ladags Melong 3808: 3805: 3804:Kargil Number 3801: 3798: 3795: 3792: 3791: 3790: 3787: 3785: 3780: 3776: 3770: 3760: 3758: 3754: 3750: 3745: 3743: 3739: 3734: 3732: 3728: 3724: 3719: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3701: 3697: 3693: 3688: 3685: 3683: 3677: 3674: 3669: 3665: 3661: 3656: 3654: 3643: 3641: 3636: 3634: 3633:sea buckthorn 3630: 3628: 3621: 3619: 3618: 3613: 3612: 3607: 3603: 3599: 3595: 3590: 3576: 3572: 3570: 3565: 3564:primogeniture 3561: 3552: 3540: 3535: 3531: 3529: 3525: 3520: 3517: 3515: 3511: 3507: 3503: 3499: 3493: 3491: 3482: 3473: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3458: 3454: 3450: 3449:Tibetan music 3441: 3433: 3428: 3418: 3416: 3412: 3408: 3407: 3401: 3397: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3376: 3371: 3370: 3365: 3358: 3354: 3345: 3343: 3337: 3327: 3324: 3320: 3316: 3312: 3308: 3304: 3288: 3278: 3268: 3258: 3248: 3238: 3228: 3220: 3209: 3207: 3203: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3147: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3109: 3099: 3089: 3079: 3069: 3059: 3051: 3040: 3031: 3029: 3026: 3023: 3021: 3018: 3015: 3014: 3010: 3007: 3004: 3001: 2998: 2995: 2992: 2991: 2987: 2984: 2981: 2978: 2975: 2972: 2969: 2968: 2964: 2961: 2958: 2955: 2952: 2949: 2946: 2945: 2941: 2938: 2935: 2932: 2929: 2926: 2923: 2922: 2918: 2915: 2912: 2909: 2906: 2903: 2900: 2899: 2895: 2892: 2889: 2886: 2883: 2880: 2879: 2876: 2871: 2864: 2853: 2851: 2850:Omar Abdullah 2847: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2804: 2800: 2796: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2769: 2760: 2758: 2753: 2751: 2745: 2741: 2739: 2735: 2731: 2726: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2707: 2705: 2697: 2692: 2686: 2681: 2672: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2644: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2624: 2621: 2617: 2614: 2611: 2604: 2601: 2599: 2596: 2595: 2594: 2592: 2578: 2576: 2574: 2572: 2569: 2566: 2564: 2561: 2560: 2557: 2555: 2553: 2550: 2547: 2545: 2543: 2541: 2538: 2536: 2533: 2532: 2529: 2527: 2525: 2522: 2519: 2517: 2515: 2513: 2510: 2508: 2505: 2504: 2501: 2499: 2497: 2494: 2491: 2489: 2487: 2485: 2482: 2480: 2477: 2476: 2473: 2471: 2469: 2466: 2463: 2461: 2459: 2457: 2454: 2452: 2449: 2448: 2445: 2443: 2441: 2438: 2435: 2433: 2431: 2429: 2426: 2424: 2421: 2420: 2417: 2414: 2412: 2409: 2406: 2403: 2400: 2397: 2395: 2392: 2390: 2387: 2386: 2383: 2380: 2378: 2375: 2373: 2370: 2367: 2364: 2361: 2359: 2356: 2354: 2351: 2350: 2346: 2343: 2340: 2337: 2332: 2329: 2326: 2323: 2322: 2318: 2308: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2284: 2280: 2273: 2269: 2260: 2258: 2256: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2224: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2185:Eurasian lynx 2182: 2178: 2177:snow leopards 2174: 2166: 2162: 2154: 2150: 2148: 2144: 2143:status symbol 2140: 2139: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2113: 2110: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2088: 2086: 2082: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2055: 2051: 2046: 2041: 2031: 2029: 2024: 2022: 2016: 2014: 2010: 2006: 1997: 1993: 1991: 1987: 1986:Singhi Kangri 1983: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1958:Pangong range 1955: 1950: 1948: 1944: 1939: 1934: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1919: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1876:Zanskar Range 1873: 1868: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1849: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1780:, the remote 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1760: 1755: 1747: 1739: 1735: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1716: 1711: 1701: 1695: 1686: 1683:. The former 1682: 1678: 1673: 1671: 1667: 1662: 1658: 1653: 1651: 1647: 1637: 1632: 1622: 1618: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1594: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1575: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1548: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1520: 1516: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1488: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1463: 1459: 1453: 1443: 1441: 1437: 1432: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1397: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1386: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1356:Zorawar Singh 1354: 1351:In 1834, the 1346: 1342: 1338: 1333: 1328: 1314: 1308: 1303: 1299: 1293: 1288: 1284: 1278: 1273: 1272: 1271: 1269: 1265: 1264:Zungar Empire 1261: 1257: 1253: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1235: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1209: 1205: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1159: 1157: 1153: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1088: 1083: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1055: 1050: 1043: 1038: 1034: 1027: 1022: 1021: 1020: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1001: 998: 996: 992: 988: 984: 980: 976: 970: 968: 964: 960: 956: 952: 951:Demchok Karpo 948: 944: 940: 932: 928: 924: 920: 916: 905: 900: 896: 894: 891:, now called 890: 885: 900 CE 879: 875: 871: 862: 856: 851: 930 CE 845: 840: 835: 825: 822: 818: 807: 804:(present day 803: 799: 795: 790: 788: 784: 779: 777: 773: 769: 765: 761: 757: 753: 749: 748:Kushan Empire 745: 741: 737: 733: 724: 714: 704: 702: 699:) and Ripul ( 698: 693: 691: 687: 682: 680: 675: 673: 669: 665: 661: 657: 653: 649: 645: 637: 627: 625: 621: 617: 613: 608: 606: 602: 599:) (40%), and 598: 594: 590: 586: 582: 578: 574: 570: 567:contains the 566: 562: 558: 554: 551:contains the 550: 546: 542: 537: 535: 531: 527: 521: 519: 515: 511: 507: 503: 499: 495: 491: 487: 483: 479: 475: 471: 467: 463: 459: 453: 426: 417: 409: 405: 402: 399: 397: 393: 390: 387: 385: 384:ISO 3166 code 381: 377: 373: 370: 368: 364: 361: 357: 353: 349: 346: 342: 339: 335: 332: 328: 323: 320: 317: 315: 311: 307: 303: 299: 295: 290: 286: 282: 278: 274: 270: 266: 261: 258: 254: 251: 247: 244: 241: 239: 236: • 234: 230: 226: 223: 221: 218: • 216: 213: 210: 208: 205: • 203: 200: 197: 193: 188: 185: 182: 180: 178: 174: 171: 167: 164: 162: 158: 154: 152: 148: 144: 142: 138: 133: 105:Coordinates: 103: 96: 91: 87: 75: 64: 53: 42: 38: 32: 25: 19: 11377:Muzaffarabad 11367:Azad Kashmir 11350: 11308:Rutog County 11304:Hotan County 11266:Balawaristan 11160: 11003:Chhattisgarh 10480:Indo-Tibetan 10455:Khurnak Fort 10129:Tiger Saddle 10109:India Saddle 10099:Ghent Kangri 10068:Spanggur Gap 10018:Lachulung La 9814:Aryan valley 9707:Ladakh Range 9463:Snow leopard 9440: 9434: 9424: 9365: 9359: 9345: 9330: 9323: 9311: 9301: 9287: 9280: 9273: 9263: 9243: 9226: 9212:Niyogi Books 9207: 9200: 9191:Magic Ladakh 9190: 9181: 9175: 9153: 9135: 9122:Google Books 9117: 9110: 9099: 9089: 9068: 9041: 9027: 9003: 8981: 8959: 8936: 8916: 8871: 8850: 8838:the original 8824: 8805: 8779:. Retrieved 8765: 8753:. Retrieved 8739: 8727:. Retrieved 8713: 8701:. Retrieved 8697:the original 8686: 8674:. Retrieved 8663: 8654: 8642:. Retrieved 8638:the original 8628: 8620:the original 8610: 8598:. Retrieved 8580: 8568:. Retrieved 8559: 8550: 8538:. Retrieved 8529: 8520: 8508:. Retrieved 8499: 8490: 8478:. Retrieved 8469: 8460: 8448:. Retrieved 8434: 8422:. Retrieved 8418:the original 8408: 8396:. Retrieved 8382: 8370:. Retrieved 8366:the original 8361: 8351: 8339:. Retrieved 8325: 8317:the original 8312: 8300: 8287: 8281: 8269:. Retrieved 8255: 8243:. Retrieved 8234: 8225: 8213:. Retrieved 8209:the original 8199: 8187:. Retrieved 8183:the original 8161: 8155: 8145:14 September 8143:. Retrieved 8134: 8125: 8117:the original 8107: 8095:. Retrieved 8091:the original 8084: 8075: 8063:. Retrieved 8059:the original 8054: 8041: 8029:. Retrieved 8025:the original 8018: 8009: 7997:. Retrieved 7993:the original 7983: 7971:. Retrieved 7956: 7944:. Retrieved 7940:the original 7930: 7918:. 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D. 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