254:
262:
362:
379:
55:
470:, the first indigenous Chaldaean Metropolitan of the St Thomas Christians. However, from the last letter of Abraham, where he requests the Pope to confirm the archdeacon's election as Bishop of Palayur and his successor, is dated 13 January 1584, while from another letter of the same Abraham we learn that the consecration of the archdeacon failed because of the latter's death.
350:. Under the leadership of Archdeacon Thomas, the Thomas Christians publicly took an oath that they would not obey the Jesuit bishops. There are various versions about the wording of oath, one version being that the oath was directed against the Portuguese, another that it was directed against Jesuits, yet another version that it was directed against the authority of the
512:
In 1674, Parambil Chandy requested Rome to elect a coadjutor and proposed his nephew, Mathew Kunnel for the position. Carmelites arrived in India in 1676, with special Dutch passports (as Dutch wouldn't allow any other
European to work in their areas) and they were asked by Rome to elect an Indian.
315:
Even though the Thomas
Christians were subjected to Latin Church prelates in the hierarchy, the community consolidated under the leadership of the archdeacons as a separate rite with its own liturgy and traditions. The missionaries began to impose Latinisations in their rite of worship and tried to
311:
and downgraded the ancient Church of
Christians of Saint Thomas into a mere suffragan of the archdiocese of Goa of the Latin Church. Later, the Metropolitanate was reinstated and the Archdiocese of Angamaly was renamed as the Archdiocese of Kodungalloor and its seat moved to Kodungalloor with Latin
369:
At this point of time, Rome intervened and
Carmelite missionaries were sent to win the Thomas Christians back. Carmelites could convince the majority that the local church needs bishops and the consecration of the Archdeacon Thomas was claimed to be invalid as the consecration was conducted not by
516:
They elected
Raphael Figueredo in 1677, who was not a Roman Syrian Catholic but born as an Indian in the sense that he was a half-caste Portuguese. This election shook the confidence the Roman faction had in the Carmelites and quarrels started to arise.
771:
There are various versions about the wording of swearing, one version being that it was directed against the
Portuguese, another that it was directed against Jesuits, yet another that it was directed against the authority of church of
394:. Parambil Kuriakose married into Kudukkasserry and the son born to the couple later became the Bishop. "Alexander De Campo" is a Portuguese designation translated as "Alexander of the field" originating from "
425:. He celebrated his first pontifical Mass at Muttuchira Church. His appointment followed representations for the appointment of native Indians as bishops following the split in the church on account of the
179:
1017:"Kerala Syrian Christian, Thomas the Apostle in India, The tomb of the Apostles, Persian Church, Syond of Diamper - Coonan Cross Oath, Subsequent divisions and the Nasrani People"
1016:
455:. According to Portuguese and Jesuit reports, Chandy had defected with Thomas deCampo (Archdeacon Parambil Thoma), against Francis Garcia, the Archbishop of Cranganore.
405:
He was a native of
Muttuchira parish, in the present central Kerala. As a priest his original name was Father Parambil Chandy. He was consecrated Titular Bishop of
354:
However, after this oath, Saint Thomas
Christians elevated Archdeacon Thomas to Metropolitan by the laying on of hands by twelve kattanars and he took the title
292:
and patriarchal delegate Mar Elias in AD 1554. Historically, the title of the head of the Church of Saint Thomas was the 'Metropolitan and the Gate of India'.
451:. At first Parambil Chandy was the Counsellor of Thoma I. He had an instrumental role in the bishopric ascention of Archdeacon Parambil Thoma as Bishop
331:
The missionaries used their political power to prevent Thomas
Christians from contacting with any Oriental Churches and they even arrested and deported
1088:
242:
938:
Bibel, Byzanz und
Christlicher Orient: Festschrift für Stephen Gerö zum 65. Geburtstag (Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 187; Leuven: Peeters)
544:
308:
257:
Tomb of Parambil Mar Chandy, Metropolitan and Gate of All India, inside the Madbaha of Marth Mariam Syro-Malabar Church, Kuravilangad.
857:
1078:
370:
any bishop, but by twelve priests. Many leaders of the community rejoined the missionaries and later, due to political reasons.
1093:
844:
466:(1568–1597) as Metropolitan of India. Thus Giwargis should have become, according to the plans of Abraham, supported by the
784:
17:
566:
339:. Thomas Christians rose up and revolted against the Portuguese in AD 1653 and consecrated (invalidly) the Archdeacon
945:
253:
668:
1045:
Eastern Christianity in India : a history of the Syro-Malabar Church from the earliest time to the present day
1073:
539:
887:
Eastern Christianity in India: A History of the Syro-Malabar Church from the Earliest Times to the Present Day
610:
932:
Alexander Toepel (2011). Timothy B Sailors; Alexander Toepel; Emmanouela Grypeou; Dmitrij Bumazhnov (eds.).
261:
534:
473:
Parambil Chandy had an instrumental role in claiming eighty-four churches onto the Catholic side after the
238:
325:
207:
809:
J. P. M. van der Ploeg, The Christians of St. Thomas in South India and their Syriac manuscripts page 30
234:
65:
651:
The Hierarchy of Syro Malabar Church: chapter IV in Collected works of Rev Dr Placid Podipara, vol I
592:
477:. After his death from 1678 till 1783 there were no native Bishops in the Catholic faction known as
646:
629:
343:
as the Bishop of Thomas Christians. This revolt was nearly complete and that changed the politics.
321:
282:
316:
eliminate the authority and status of the Archdeaconate and thereby dishonour the status of their
554:
529:
300:
270:
490:
486:
549:
80:
307:
bishops. The Latin missionaries broke the historic connection of Thomas Christians with the
1098:
1083:
485:, was elevated as a bishop by 12 priests following the Coonan Cross Oath in 1653. In 1665
8:
617:
Alexander de Campo was the first Indian Bishop not only in Malabar but in whole of India.
463:
317:
203:
117:
107:
998:
901:
Language of religion, language of the people: medieval Judaism, Christianity, and Islam
615:. Trivandrum: The Superintendent of Government Presses, Government Press. p. 186.
606:
459:
971:"Forty-Eighth (Thirty-Third Annual) Meeting of the American Society of Church History"
402:. He was vicar of Kuravilangad Parish and later had Kuravilangad as his headquarters.
1049:
1002:
990:
951:
941:
474:
426:
347:
226:
825:
Die Kirche der Thomaschristen: ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der orientalischen Kirchen
982:
499:
494:
447:
437:
Parambil Chandy was appointed as a bishop when the community was divided under the
296:
274:
218:
823:
819:
764:
414:
382:
Church of St. Sebastian, built by Chandy when he was vicar of Kuravilangad parish
970:
934:"A letter from Alexander Kadavil to the Congregation of St. Thomas at Edapally"
788:
664:
571:
St Thomas Christian Encyclopaedia of India - Edited by George Menachery (1998).
482:
340:
986:
361:
1067:
994:
955:
676:
378:
289:
211:
320:. The community secretly tried to get prelates from the Patriarchate of the
1053:
422:
387:
351:
304:
285:
278:
169:
36:
858:
The Encyclopedia of Eastern Orthodox Christianity, John Anthony McGuckin
418:
391:
152:
54:
399:
933:
1043:
438:
336:
332:
230:
467:
452:
442:
355:
76:
180:
St. Mary's Syro-Malabar Major Archiepiscopal Church Kuravilangad
574:
History of Christianity in India - Mundadan, A. Mathias (1984).
410:
406:
520:
Parambil Chandy died in 1687 and was buried at Kuravilangad.
919:
A History of Christianity in India: The Beginnings to AD 1707
722:
A History of Christianity in India: The Beginnings to AD 1707
429:. His official title was Metropolitan and Gate of All India.
493:), regularized the consecration of Thoma who would form the
489:, said to be a delegate of the Patriarch of Antioch (of the
940:. Uitgeverij Peeters en Departement Oosterse Studies: 388.
229:
in 1653. This faction returned to full communion with the
669:"The Saint Thomas Christians in India from 52 to 1687 AD"
803:
769:. Office of the Registrar General. 1965. p. 111.
832:
1041:
653:, Mannanam: San Jose Publications, pp. 666–7
277:Church. They came into direct communion with the
1065:
931:
912:
910:
878:
265:Marth Mariam Syro-Malabar Church, Kuravilangad.
907:
867:
865:
206:; 1615 – 2 January 1687) was a bishop of the
962:
545:Timeline of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church
373:
481:of the Saint Thomas Christians. His cousin
862:
663:
417:and Administrator of the Archbishopric of
335:, a bishop of West Syriac Rite arrived in
27:17th century Saint Thomas Christian bishop
785:":: Pakalomattamfamily :: - History"
843:sfn error: no target: CITEREFBrown1956 (
692:History of Christianity in India, Vol II
628:
507:
377:
360:
260:
252:
818:
757:
704:
689:
458:There was a plan to appoint Archdeacon
365:St. Mary's Syro-Malabar Church, Alangad
14:
1066:
968:
898:
346:A protest took place in 1653 with the
217:Parambil Chandy was the bishop of the
1089:17th-century Eastern Catholic bishops
884:
838:
734:
612:Kerala District Gazetteers: Ernakulam
605:
386:He belonged to the Parambil house of
288:with the arrival of Metropolitan Mar
645:
237:and would later become known as the
210:. He is also the first known native
243:Marth Mariam Church at Kuravilangad
48:Metropolitan and Gate of All India.
24:
25:
1110:
916:
748:
719:
560:
445:, who was the then leader of the
225:, or "Old Allegiance") after the
593:"Syro Malabar Church Chronology"
208:Catholic Saint Thomas Christians
53:
1035:
1009:
925:
892:
851:
812:
777:
742:
1079:Christian clergy from Thrissur
899:Bremer, Ernst; Röhl, Susanne,
873:History of the Marthoma Church
828:. C. Bertelsmann. p. 494.
766:Census of India (1961: Kerala)
728:
713:
698:
683:
657:
639:
622:
599:
585:
540:List of Syro-Malabar Catholics
13:
1:
969:Spinka, Mathew (March 1940).
737:Eastern Christianity in India
578:
432:
324:and the Patriarchate of the
248:
1094:17th-century Indian scholars
735:Tisserant, Eugene Cardinal,
634:The Syrian Church of Malabar
535:Syro-Malabar Catholic Church
7:
523:
221:faction (also known as the
10:
1115:
1042:Tisserant, Eugène (1957).
241:. Chandy's tomb is at the
987:10.1017/s0009640700124825
374:Early life and ordination
318:ancient Church of Malabar
185:
175:
159:
141:
136:
128:
123:
113:
103:
95:
87:
71:
66:Archdiocese of Cranganore
61:
52:
47:
34:
751:Malabar manual, Volume 1
555:Saint Thomas Christians
530:Kadavil Chandy Kathanar
421:on 31 January 1663, at
301:Saint Thomas Christians
299:in 1599, the Church of
271:Saint Thomas Christians
1074:Syro-Malabar Catholics
491:Syriac Orthodox Church
487:Gregorios Abdul Jaleel
383:
366:
266:
258:
705:Thekkedathu, Joseph,
690:Thekkedathu, Joseph,
550:Christianity in India
508:Later years and death
381:
364:
264:
256:
679:on 15 February 2009.
309:Patriarch of Babylon
303:became subjected to
1048:. Orient Longmans.
885:Tisserant, Eugene,
875:, Vol. I. Page 183.
630:Podipara, Dr.Placid
607:Menon, A. Sreedhara
567:Mar Chandy Parambil
464:Abraham of Angamaly
439:Portuguese Padroado
239:Syro-Malabar Church
108:Abraham of Angamaly
18:Parambil Mar Chandy
1023:. 13 February 2007
791:on 8 November 2014
460:Giwargis of Christ
384:
367:
267:
259:
200:Alexandre de Campo
724:, pp. 319–20
475:Coonan Cross Oath
427:Coonan Cross Oath
348:Coonan Cross Oath
235:Eastern Catholics
227:Coonan Cross Oath
193:
192:
167:(aged 71–72)
81:Marthoma Nazrenes
16:(Redirected from
1106:
1058:
1057:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1013:
1007:
1006:
966:
960:
959:
929:
923:
922:
921:, pp. 326–7
917:Neill, Stephen,
914:
905:
904:
896:
890:
889:
882:
876:
869:
860:
855:
849:
848:
836:
830:
829:
820:Germann, Wilhelm
816:
810:
807:
801:
800:
798:
796:
787:. Archived from
781:
775:
774:
761:
755:
754:
749:Logan, William,
746:
740:
739:
732:
726:
725:
720:Neill, Stephen,
717:
711:
710:
702:
696:
695:
687:
681:
680:
675:. Archived from
661:
655:
654:
647:Podipara, Placid
643:
637:
636:
626:
620:
619:
603:
597:
596:
589:
500:Malankara Church
398:" in vernacular
297:Synod of Diamper
219:East Syriac Rite
166:
137:Personal details
57:
32:
31:
21:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1104:
1103:
1064:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1040:
1036:
1026:
1024:
1015:
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1010:
967:
963:
948:
930:
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915:
908:
897:
893:
883:
879:
870:
863:
856:
852:
842:
837:
833:
817:
813:
808:
804:
794:
792:
783:
782:
778:
763:
762:
758:
747:
743:
733:
729:
718:
714:
709:, pp. 94–5
703:
699:
688:
684:
662:
658:
644:
640:
627:
623:
604:
600:
591:
590:
586:
581:
563:
526:
510:
435:
415:Vicar Apostolic
396:Parambil Chandy
376:
251:
196:Parambil Chandy
168:
164:
155:
150:
148:
147:
132:31 January 1663
118:Kariattil Ousep
91:31 January 1663
43:
42:Parambil Chandy
40:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1112:
1102:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1060:
1059:
1034:
1008:
975:Church History
961:
946:
924:
906:
891:
877:
861:
850:
841:, p. 103.
831:
811:
802:
776:
756:
741:
727:
712:
697:
682:
665:Istvan Perczel
656:
638:
621:
598:
583:
582:
580:
577:
576:
575:
572:
569:
562:
561:External links
559:
558:
557:
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
525:
522:
509:
506:
483:Parambil Thoma
448:Puthenkūttukar
434:
431:
375:
372:
352:Church of Rome
341:Parambil Thoma
279:Church of Rome
250:
247:
223:Palayakūttukar
191:
190:
187:
183:
182:
177:
173:
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163:2 January 1687
161:
157:
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145:
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99:2 January 1687
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1080:
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1069:
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1038:
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1012:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
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984:
980:
976:
972:
965:
957:
953:
949:
947:9789042921771
943:
939:
935:
928:
920:
913:
911:
903:, p. 401
902:
895:
888:
881:
874:
871:Mathew N. M.
868:
866:
859:
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840:
835:
827:
826:
821:
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790:
786:
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773:
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753:, p. 206
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323:
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293:
291:
290:Joseph Sulaqa
287:
284:
280:
276:
273:were part of
272:
269:Historically
263:
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75:Kodungallur (
74:
70:
67:
64:
60:
56:
51:
46:
38:
33:
30:
19:
1044:
1037:
1025:. Retrieved
1020:
1011:
981:(1): 70–76.
978:
974:
964:
937:
927:
918:
900:
894:
886:
880:
872:
853:
834:
824:
814:
805:
793:. Retrieved
789:the original
779:
770:
765:
759:
750:
744:
736:
730:
721:
715:
706:
700:
694:, p. 75
691:
685:
677:the original
673:www.srite.de
672:
659:
650:
641:
633:
624:
616:
611:
601:
587:
519:
515:
511:
498:
478:
472:
457:
446:
436:
423:Kaduthuruthy
404:
395:
388:Pakalomattam
385:
368:
345:
330:
314:
305:Latin Church
294:
286:Patriarchate
281:through the
268:
222:
216:
199:
195:
194:
170:Kuravilangad
165:(1687-01-02)
29:
1099:1615 births
1084:1687 deaths
495:West Syriac
356:Mar Thoma I
275:East Syriac
233:of Rome as
186:Nationality
104:Predecessor
1068:Categories
839:Brown 1956
579:References
479:Pazhayakūr
433:Episcopacy
419:Cranganore
392:Muttuchira
390:family at
337:Mailappore
312:prelates.
295:After the
249:Background
204:Portuguese
153:Muttuchira
129:Ordination
96:Term ended
1003:162157944
995:0009-6407
956:0777-978X
795:6 January
502:Puthenkūr
497:oriented
400:Malayalam
326:Assyrians
322:Chaldeans
114:Successor
88:Installed
79:) of the
1021:Nasranis
822:(1877).
707:opus cit
632:(1938),
609:(1965).
524:See also
333:Ahatalla
283:Chaldean
231:Holy See
214:bishop.
1054:2383390
1027:31 July
468:Jesuits
453:Thoma I
443:Thoma I
77:Muziris
62:Diocese
1052:
1001:
993:
954:
944:
411:Achala
407:Megara
212:Indian
189:Indian
176:Buried
146:Chandy
124:Orders
999:S2CID
462:, by
441:and
1050:OCLC
1029:2017
991:ISSN
952:ISSN
942:ISBN
845:help
797:2012
772:Rome
413:and
160:Died
149:1615
142:Born
983:doi
409:in
202:in
72:See
37:Mar
1070::
1019:.
997:.
989:.
977:.
973:.
950:.
936:.
909:^
864:^
671:.
667:.
649:,
504:.
358:.
328:.
245:.
1056:.
1031:.
1005:.
985::
979:9
958:.
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799:.
595:.
198:(
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20:)
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