73:
224:
525:
Yubuki, Naoji; CĂ©za, VĂŤT; Cepicka, Ivan; Yabuki, Akinori; Inagaki, Yuji; Nakayama, Takeshi; Inouye, Isao; Leander, Brian S (2010). "Cryptic
Diversity of Free-Living Parabasalids, Pseudotrichomonas keilini and Lacusteria cypriaca n. G., n. Sp., as Inferred from Small Subunit rDNA Sequences".
42:
276:
which apparently developed from reduced mitochondria. Similar relics have been found in other amitochondriate flagellates, and the parabasalids are probably related to them, forming a group called the
233:). 1-anterior flagella, 2-kinetosomes, 3-parabasal body, 4-costa, 5-parabasal fibers, 6-undulating membrane, 7-posterior flagellum, 8-hydrogenosomes, 9-axostyle, 10-nucleus, 11-pelta.
407:
Ohkuma M, Iida T, Ohtoko K, et al. (June 2005). "Molecular phylogeny of parabasalids inferred from small subunit rRNA sequences, with emphasis on the
Hypermastigea".
300:
have one group of 4–6 flagella, one of which is attached to the side of the cell and often forms an undulating membrane. Many are found in vertebrate hosts, including
292:
depending on sources. Present classification divides
Parabasalia into four orders, that is, Trichonymphida, Spirotrichonymphida, Cristamonadida, and Trichomonadida.
2206:
2196:
145:
313:, have a large number of flagellar clusters and are found exclusively in the guts of insects. (The term "Hypermastigida" is still occasionally encountered.)
2253:
2243:
2140:
1399:
1091:
1081:
2248:
2218:
1942:
1900:
1714:
1687:
995:
2145:
1937:
1719:
1603:
1384:
1348:
1175:
1086:
2223:
2155:
2150:
1842:
1517:
1507:
1466:
1461:
1329:
1324:
1295:
242:
342:. These findings suggested that the capability for meiosis, and hence sexual reproduction, was likely present in a recent parabasalid ancestor of
2238:
2186:
2173:
2135:
2130:
2054:
1932:
1927:
1847:
1538:
1497:
140:
2181:
1644:
1394:
1374:
1353:
1300:
1027:
883:
1998:
1922:
1492:
1487:
1379:
1235:
1133:
1128:
2391:
2059:
2049:
1618:
1165:
888:
2083:
2066:
2044:
1613:
1724:
1153:
1170:
2365:
442:
569:
Carpenter KJ, Keeling PJ (2007). "Morphology and phylogenetic position of
Eucomonympha imla (Parabasalia: Hypermastigida)".
338:
for the presence of 29 genes that function in meiosis and found 27 such genes, including eight genes specific to meiosis in
696:
2417:
729:
2396:
724:
808:
798:
781:
2339:
17:
72:
280:. They lack the feeding grooves found in most others, but this is probably a secondary loss as well.
2422:
253:
that runs down the center of the cell and in some cases projects past the end. This is called the
813:
2409:
2292:
689:
119:
2404:
2330:
776:
368:"The new higher level classification of eukaryotes with emphasis on the taxonomy of protists"
302:
55:
2445:
2352:
632:
479:
8:
2450:
2088:
636:
483:
237:
The flagella are arranged in one or more clusters near the anterior of the cell. Their
793:
771:
759:
734:
655:
616:
594:
551:
265:
67:
1180:
803:
766:
754:
744:
682:
660:
586:
582:
543:
539:
507:
502:
467:
424:
389:
384:
367:
598:
2344:
2071:
2016:
1423:
935:
718:
650:
640:
578:
555:
535:
497:
487:
416:
379:
249:, distinctive to the group. Usually they also give rise to a sheet of cross-like
2228:
2078:
2008:
1802:
1418:
927:
645:
289:
272:, but this is now known to be a result of secondary loss, and they contain small
246:
420:
2213:
2124:
1834:
1789:
1666:
1654:
1623:
1143:
1123:
1048:
749:
617:"An expanded inventory of conserved meiotic genes provides evidence for sex in
472:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
339:
150:
135:
288:
Before reclassification, the parabasalids were divided into about seven to 10
2439:
2315:
2021:
1889:
1780:
1697:
1312:
1252:
1103:
1076:
958:
310:
273:
269:
492:
2093:
1880:
1593:
1290:
1247:
1242:
893:
868:
664:
590:
547:
428:
393:
238:
511:
223:
41:
2378:
2324:
1976:
1771:
1709:
1588:
1285:
1268:
1224:
1215:
873:
297:
250:
229:
204:
50:
2039:
1704:
1277:
1205:
1160:
969:
173:
2383:
1986:
1963:
1910:
1870:
1677:
1564:
1557:
1443:
1411:
1116:
878:
615:
Malik SB, Pightling AW, Stefaniak LM, Schurko AM, Logsdon JM (2008).
277:
200:
192:
180:
104:
94:
84:
2286:
2309:
1917:
1797:
1757:
1406:
1111:
918:
860:
788:
705:
258:
254:
212:
208:
196:
176:
169:
2370:
468:"A common evolutionary origin for mitochondria and hydrogenosomes"
851:
830:
327:
188:
165:
184:
60:
614:
187:. These include a variety of forms found in the intestines of
2357:
674:
465:
568:
306:, which causes a sexually transmitted disease in humans.
524:
257:, but is different in structure from the axostyles of
443:"Parabasalia - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics"
207:. Other species within this supergroup are known
466:Bui, ET; Bradley, PJ; Johnson, PJ (Sep 3, 1996).
2437:
985:
406:
926:
1833:
1788:
690:
1888:
1779:
1879:
1826:
562:
400:
1223:
697:
683:
361:
359:
309:The other orders, formerly grouped as the
40:
654:
644:
501:
491:
383:
1961:
222:
917:
859:
610:
608:
356:
14:
2438:
850:
2291:
2290:
678:
365:
605:
24:
528:Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology
372:Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology
218:
25:
2462:
283:
583:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2007.00263.x
540:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2010.00509.x
385:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2005.00053.x
71:
195:, many of which have symbiotic
518:
459:
435:
13:
1:
349:
27:Group of flagellated protists
704:
646:10.1371/journal.pone.0002879
366:Adl, Sina M; et, al (2005).
317:
7:
421:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.02.013
164:are a group of flagellated
10:
2467:
2299:
2166:
2117:
2108:
2032:
2007:
1994:
1985:
1972:
1957:
1868:
1819:
1770:
1766:
1755:
1665:
1634:
1581:
1574:
1549:
1528:
1477:
1451:
1442:
1364:
1338:
1320:
1311:
1276:
1267:
1214:
1203:
1102:
1066:
1059:
1038:
1017:
1010:
978:
967:
956:
910:
843:
839:
828:
712:
245:that attach to prominent
227:Parabasalia cell scheme (
132:
127:
68:Scientific classification
66:
48:
39:
34:
326:is not known to undergo
493:10.1073/pnas.93.18.9651
571:J. Eukaryot. Microbiol
234:
199:that help them digest
168:within the supergroup
2405:Paleobiology Database
619:Trichomonas vaginalis
447:www.sciencedirect.com
409:Mol. Phylogenet. Evol
324:Trichomonas vaginalis
303:Trichomonas vaginalis
226:
56:Trichomonas vaginalis
2207:Spirotrichonymphidae
2203:Spirotrichonymphida
211:, and include human
2197:Hypotrichomonadidae
2193:Hypotrichomonadida
637:2008PLoSO...3.2879M
484:1996PNAS...93.9651B
146:Spirotrichonymphida
2254:Tritrichomonadidae
2244:Monocercomonadidae
2235:Tritrichomonadida
2141:Spirotrichosomidae
1400:Trypanoplasmatidae
1365:Metakinetoplastina
1345:Prokinetoplastida
1092:Psalteriomonadidae
1082:Paravahlkampfiidae
330:. However, Malik
235:
2433:
2432:
2293:Taxon identifiers
2284:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2276:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2268:
2267:
2264:
2263:
2249:Simplicimonadidae
2219:Honigbergiellidae
2104:
2103:
2022:Carpediemonadidae
1953:
1952:
1943:Streblomastigidae
1901:Paratrimastigidae
1897:Paratrimastigida
1864:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1815:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1751:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1715:Euglenamorphaceae
1688:Euglenomonadaceae
1684:Euglenomonadales
1438:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1339:Prokinetoplastina
1263:
1262:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1181:Stephanopogonidae
1049:Neovahlkampfiidae
1045:Neovahlkampfiida
1006:
1005:
996:Pharyngomonadidae
992:Pharyngomonadida
986:Pharyngomonadidea
952:
951:
948:
947:
944:
943:
906:
905:
902:
901:
264:Parabasalids are
158:
157:
123:
16:(Redirected from
2458:
2426:
2425:
2413:
2412:
2400:
2399:
2387:
2386:
2374:
2373:
2361:
2360:
2348:
2347:
2335:
2334:
2333:
2320:
2319:
2318:
2288:
2287:
2146:Staurojoeninidae
2115:
2114:
2094:Retortamonadidae
2017:Carpediemonadida
1992:
1991:
1970:
1969:
1959:
1958:
1938:Saccinobaculidae
1886:
1885:
1877:
1876:
1831:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1786:
1785:
1777:
1776:
1768:
1767:
1764:
1763:
1720:Euglenocapsaceae
1604:Heteronemataceae
1600:Heteronematales
1579:
1578:
1449:
1448:
1424:Trypanosomatidae
1385:Rhynchomonadidae
1349:Ichthyobodonidae
1318:
1317:
1274:
1273:
1221:
1220:
1212:
1211:
1176:Percolomonadidae
1087:Plaesiobystridae
1064:
1063:
1015:
1014:
983:
982:
976:
975:
965:
964:
936:Tsukubamonadidae
924:
923:
915:
914:
857:
856:
848:
847:
841:
840:
837:
836:
741:
721:
699:
692:
685:
676:
675:
669:
668:
658:
648:
612:
603:
602:
566:
560:
559:
522:
516:
515:
505:
495:
463:
457:
456:
454:
453:
439:
433:
432:
404:
398:
397:
387:
363:
243:parabasal fibers
183:relationship in
172:. Most of these
118:
76:
75:
44:
32:
31:
21:
2466:
2465:
2461:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2456:
2455:
2436:
2435:
2434:
2429:
2421:
2416:
2408:
2403:
2395:
2390:
2382:
2377:
2369:
2364:
2356:
2351:
2343:
2338:
2329:
2328:
2323:
2314:
2313:
2308:
2295:
2285:
2260:
2229:Trichomonadidae
2224:Tricercomitidae
2178:Cristamonadida
2162:
2156:Trichonymphidae
2151:Teratonymphidae
2100:
2089:Chilomastigidae
2079:Retortamonadida
2028:
2009:Carpediemonadea
2003:
1981:
1966:
1949:
1873:
1852:
1843:Ancyromonadidae
1807:
1803:Malawimonadidae
1760:
1731:
1661:
1630:
1570:
1545:
1524:
1518:Sphenomonadidae
1508:Sphenomonadidae
1473:
1467:Sphenomonadidae
1462:Petalomonadidae
1458:Petalomonadida
1430:
1419:Trypanosomatida
1360:
1334:
1330:Trypanophididae
1325:Bordnamonadidae
1307:
1296:Eupelagonemidae
1259:
1208:
1187:
1161:Percolomonadida
1098:
1055:
1039:Neovahlkampfiea
1034:
1002:
972:
961:
940:
928:Tsukubamonadida
898:
833:
824:
823:
739:
717:
708:
703:
673:
672:
613:
606:
567:
563:
523:
519:
464:
460:
451:
449:
441:
440:
436:
405:
401:
364:
357:
352:
340:model organisms
322:The parabsalid
320:
286:
247:Golgi complexes
221:
219:Characteristics
117:
70:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2464:
2454:
2453:
2448:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2427:
2414:
2401:
2388:
2375:
2362:
2349:
2336:
2321:
2305:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2282:
2281:
2278:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2270:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2258:
2257:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2239:Dientamoebidae
2233:
2232:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2214:Trichomonadida
2211:
2210:
2209:
2201:
2200:
2199:
2191:
2190:
2189:
2187:Devescovinidae
2184:
2176:
2174:Hexamastigidae
2170:
2168:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2160:
2159:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2136:Hoplonymphidae
2133:
2131:Burmanymphidae
2125:Trichonymphida
2121:
2119:
2112:
2106:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2098:
2097:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2084:Caviomonadidae
2076:
2075:
2074:
2064:
2063:
2062:
2057:
2055:Spironucleidae
2052:
2047:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2026:
2025:
2024:
2013:
2011:
2005:
2004:
2002:
2001:
1995:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1979:
1977:Anaeramoebidae
1973:
1967:
1962:
1955:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1947:
1946:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1933:Pyrsonymphidae
1930:
1928:Polymastigidae
1925:
1915:
1914:
1913:
1905:
1904:
1903:
1894:
1892:
1883:
1874:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1850:
1848:Planomonadidae
1845:
1839:
1837:
1835:Ancyromonadida
1828:
1821:
1817:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1805:
1800:
1794:
1792:
1790:Malawimonadida
1783:
1774:
1761:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1737:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1729:
1728:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1702:
1701:
1700:
1692:
1691:
1690:
1682:
1681:
1680:
1671:
1669:
1667:Euglenophyceae
1663:
1662:
1660:
1659:
1658:
1657:
1655:Peranemataceae
1649:
1648:
1647:
1638:
1636:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1628:
1627:
1626:
1624:Neometanemidae
1621:
1616:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1598:
1597:
1596:
1585:
1583:
1576:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1568:
1561:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1543:
1542:
1541:
1539:Entosiphonidae
1535:Entosiphonida
1532:
1530:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1522:
1521:
1520:
1512:
1511:
1510:
1504:Heterostavida
1502:
1501:
1500:
1498:Lentomonadidae
1495:
1490:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1474:
1472:
1471:
1470:
1469:
1464:
1455:
1453:
1446:
1440:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1426:
1416:
1415:
1414:
1404:
1403:
1402:
1397:
1389:
1388:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1361:
1359:
1358:
1357:
1356:
1351:
1342:
1340:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1332:
1327:
1321:
1315:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1305:
1304:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1282:
1280:
1271:
1265:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1257:
1256:
1255:
1250:
1240:
1239:
1238:
1229:
1227:
1218:
1209:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1185:
1184:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1158:
1157:
1156:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1144:Vahlkampfiidae
1138:
1137:
1136:
1131:
1121:
1120:
1119:
1108:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1096:
1095:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1070:
1068:
1061:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1053:
1052:
1051:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1032:
1031:
1030:
1021:
1019:
1012:
1008:
1007:
1004:
1003:
1001:
1000:
999:
998:
989:
987:
980:
979:Pharyngomonada
973:
968:
962:
957:
954:
953:
950:
949:
946:
945:
942:
941:
939:
938:
932:
930:
921:
912:
908:
907:
904:
903:
900:
899:
897:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
865:
863:
854:
845:
834:
829:
826:
825:
822:
821:
820:
819:
818:
817:
814:Mesomycetozoea
811:
806:
796:
786:
785:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
763:
762:
750:Diaphoretickes
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
714:
713:
710:
709:
702:
701:
694:
687:
679:
671:
670:
604:
561:
517:
478:(18): 9651–6.
458:
434:
399:
378:(5): 399–451.
354:
353:
351:
348:
319:
316:
315:
314:
311:hypermastigids
307:
285:
284:Classification
282:
274:hydrogenosomes
241:are linked to
220:
217:
156:
155:
154:
153:
151:Trichonymphida
148:
143:
141:Cristamonadida
138:
136:Trichomonadida
130:
129:
125:
124:
112:
108:
107:
102:
98:
97:
92:
88:
87:
82:
78:
77:
64:
63:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2463:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2424:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2341:
2337:
2332:
2326:
2322:
2317:
2311:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2289:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2215:
2212:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2182:Calonymphidae
2180:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2167:Trichomonadea
2165:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2128:
2127:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2118:Trichonymphea
2116:
2113:
2111:
2107:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2080:
2077:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2068:
2065:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2041:
2040:Diplomonadida
2038:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2006:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1984:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1960:
1956:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1919:
1916:
1912:
1911:Trimastigidae
1909:
1908:
1907:Trimastigida
1906:
1902:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1890:Anaeromonadea
1887:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1867:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1832:
1829:
1825:
1822:
1818:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1781:Malawimonadea
1778:
1775:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1754:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1706:
1703:
1699:
1698:Eutreptiaceae
1696:
1695:
1694:Eutreptiales
1693:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1664:
1656:
1653:
1652:
1651:Peranematida
1650:
1646:
1645:Teloproctidae
1643:
1642:
1641:Acroglissida
1640:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1610:Natomonadida
1609:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1580:
1577:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1562:
1560:
1559:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1527:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1482:
1480:
1476:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1452:Petalomonadea
1450:
1447:
1445:
1441:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1420:
1417:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1408:
1405:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1395:Parabodonidae
1393:
1392:
1391:Parabodonida
1390:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1375:Allobodonidae
1373:
1372:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1363:
1355:
1354:Perkinselidae
1352:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1313:Kinetoplastea
1310:
1302:
1301:Hemistasiidae
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1254:
1253:Postgaardidae
1251:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1244:
1241:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1202:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1125:
1122:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1104:Heterolobosea
1101:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1077:Gruberellidae
1075:
1074:
1073:Lyromonadida
1072:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1062:
1058:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1044:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1029:
1028:Selenaionidae
1026:
1025:
1024:Selenaionida
1023:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1013:
1009:
997:
994:
993:
991:
990:
988:
984:
981:
977:
974:
971:
966:
963:
960:
959:Discicristata
955:
937:
934:
933:
931:
929:
925:
922:
920:
916:
913:
911:Tsukubamonada
909:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
884:Moramonadidae
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
866:
864:
862:
858:
855:
853:
849:
846:
842:
838:
835:
832:
827:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
801:
800:
797:
795:
792:
791:
790:
787:
783:
780:
778:
777:Stramenopiles
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
761:
758:
757:
756:
753:
752:
751:
748:
746:
743:
740:(major groups
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
720:
716:
715:
711:
707:
700:
695:
693:
688:
686:
681:
680:
677:
666:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
620:
611:
609:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
577:(4): 325–32.
576:
572:
565:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
534:(6): 554–61.
533:
529:
521:
513:
509:
504:
499:
494:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
462:
448:
444:
438:
430:
426:
422:
418:
415:(3): 646–55.
414:
410:
403:
395:
391:
386:
381:
377:
373:
369:
362:
360:
355:
347:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
312:
308:
305:
304:
299:
295:
294:
293:
291:
281:
279:
275:
271:
267:
262:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
232:
231:
225:
216:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
175:
171:
167:
163:
152:
149:
147:
144:
142:
139:
137:
134:
133:
131:
126:
121:
116:
113:
110:
109:
106:
103:
100:
99:
96:
93:
90:
89:
86:
83:
80:
79:
74:
69:
65:
62:
59:stained with
58:
57:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
2300:
2109:
1999:Kipferliidae
1923:Oxymonadidae
1881:Anaeromonada
1827:Planomonadea
1594:Anisonemidae
1563:
1556:
1529:Entosiphonea
1493:Keelungiidae
1488:Decastavidae
1484:Decastavida
1380:Neobodonidae
1371:Neobodonida
1291:Diplonemidae
1248:Calkinsiidae
1243:Postgaardida
1236:Bihospitidae
1232:Bihospitida
1140:Tetramitida
1134:Naegleriidae
1129:Tulamoebidae
1060:Eutetramitia
894:Stygiellidae
869:Andaluciidae
799:Opisthokonta
631:(8): e2879.
628:
624:
618:
574:
570:
564:
531:
527:
520:
475:
471:
461:
450:. Retrieved
446:
437:
412:
408:
402:
375:
371:
344:T. vaginalis
343:
336:T. vaginalis
335:
331:
323:
321:
301:
298:trichomonads
287:
270:mitochondria
263:
251:microtubules
239:basal bodies
236:
228:
205:woody plants
162:parabasalids
161:
159:
114:
111:(unranked):
54:
51:trophozoites
35:Parabasalid
29:
2446:Flagellates
2379:iNaturalist
2345:Parabasalia
2331:Parabasalia
2325:Wikispecies
2301:Parabasalia
2110:Parabasalia
2072:Dysnectidae
2060:Hexamitidae
2050:Octomitidae
2033:Eopharyngia
1918:Oxymonadida
1820:Planomonada
1710:Euglenaceae
1619:Distigmidae
1589:Anisonemida
1514:Ploeotiida
1286:Diplonemida
1269:Glycomonada
1225:Postgaardea
1216:Postgaardia
1166:Barbeliidae
1124:Naegleriida
1067:Lyromonadea
889:Ophirinidae
874:Histionidae
268:, and lack
230:Trichomonas
193:cockroaches
115:Parabasalia
101:Subphylum:
18:Parabasalia
2451:Metamonads
2440:Categories
2067:Dysnectida
2045:Giardiidae
1871:Metamonada
1705:Euglenales
1614:Astasiidae
1582:Anisonemea
1278:Diplonemea
1206:Euglenozoa
1011:Tetramitia
970:Percolozoa
452:2023-12-25
350:References
278:metamonads
174:eukaryotic
95:Metamonada
1987:Fornicata
1964:Trichozoa
1725:Phacaceae
1678:Rapazidae
1674:Rapazida
1635:Peranemea
1575:Spirocuta
1444:Euglenida
1412:Bodonidae
1154:Creneidae
1150:Creneida
1117:Acrasidae
879:Jakobidae
794:Amoebozoa
772:Alveolata
760:Cryptista
735:Eukaryota
334:examined
318:Evolution
266:anaerobic
259:oxymonads
213:pathogens
209:parasites
201:cellulose
181:symbiotic
177:organisms
120:Honigberg
105:Trichozoa
85:Eukaryota
2310:Wikidata
1798:Imasidae
1772:Neolouka
1758:Loukozoa
1558:Hemiolia
1478:Alistosa
1407:Bodonida
1112:Acrasida
919:Tsukubea
861:Jakobida
844:Jakobida
789:Amorphea
767:Rhizaria
755:Hacrobia
745:Excavata
730:Bacteria
706:Excavata
665:18663385
625:PLOS ONE
599:11908419
591:17669157
548:20880033
429:15878133
394:16248873
255:axostyle
197:bacteria
189:termites
170:Excavata
166:protists
91:Phylum:
81:Domain:
2316:Q134585
1565:Liburna
1550:Karavia
1171:Lulidae
1018:Lunosea
852:Jakobea
831:Discoba
804:Animals
725:Archaea
656:2488364
633:Bibcode
556:4195962
512:8790385
480:Bibcode
328:meiosis
185:animals
179:form a
128:Orders
2423:582175
2410:212596
2384:151878
782:Plants
719:Domain
663:
653:
597:
589:
554:
546:
510:
500:
427:
392:
332:et al.
290:orders
61:Giemsa
2418:WoRMS
809:Fungi
595:S2CID
552:S2CID
503:38483
2397:5719
2392:NCBI
2366:GBIF
2358:4870
661:PMID
587:PMID
544:PMID
508:PMID
425:PMID
390:PMID
296:The
191:and
160:The
122:1973
49:Two
2353:EoL
2340:AFD
651:PMC
641:doi
579:doi
536:doi
498:PMC
488:doi
417:doi
380:doi
203:in
53:of
2442::
2420::
2407::
2394::
2381::
2371:39
2368::
2355::
2342::
2327::
2312::
659:.
649:.
639:.
627:.
623:.
607:^
593:.
585:.
575:54
573:.
550:.
542:.
532:57
530:.
506:.
496:.
486:.
476:93
474:.
470:.
445:.
423:.
413:35
411:.
388:.
376:52
374:.
370:.
358:^
346:.
261:.
215:.
2129:â€
816:)
698:e
691:t
684:v
667:.
643::
635::
629:3
621:"
601:.
581::
558:.
538::
514:.
490::
482::
455:.
431:.
419::
396:.
382::
20:)
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