649:(12.7 mm) caliber in “False Paquisha”, the installation of this type of armament represented the symbol of the gravity of the premeditated Ecuadorian invasion in Peruvian territory, through the Cordillera del Cóndor. According to Peruvian sources, only a detachment of high strategic value justifies the installation of a weapon of these characteristics. Known versions after the eviction of the Ecuadorian troops, between January 28 and February 1, 1981, confirm that this frustrated occupation was planned since 1977, when the first clashes between border patrols began to occur. Another second machine gun of the same characteristics would be captured by Peruvian soldiers in the "False Machinaza" Post (named by the Peruvians "Jiménez Banda 2") which was another of the positions invaded by Ecuadorians.
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Fortunately, events did not lead to general war. The widespread confrontation was avoided probably because of the direct talks between top military
Commanders of the two countries, and the military Delegates of Chile, Argentina, Brazil and USA. The talks took place in the border line near the Pacific
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line arranged between the military leaders of both countries in the course of several meetings at the end of the 1970s. During these agreements both sides would have agreed not to establish any new military posts in the disputed areas, which would have meant for
Ecuador not to establish any military
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Until then the
Ecuadorian Defense Plan envisaged a logistics operations taking about eight days to set up defensive positions. Levoyer proposed a new plan which placed all personnel, weapons, supplies, etc., in twenty-four hours in the front and ready to fulfill the mission of defense.
631:, that was occupied by the Ecuadorians, was taken on February 5 by Peruvian troops. The conflict, which occurred in a then non-demarcated area of the common border between Ecuador and Peru, ceased with the Ecuadorians being expelled from the slopes and driven back to the summit of the
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By that day, the conflict was apparently over but then
Peruvians discovered that more troops from Ecuador had settled in 3 other military posts and 3 points on the northeastern border of the Cordillera del CĂłndor and were the "PV El Mirador" posts, "PV-4-A" and "PV-4-B" (Old).
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The
Ecuadorian position indicated that these detachments corresponded to the "Paquisha" base established in Ecuadorian territory. But, after measuring the coordinates, it was found that they did not correspond to the aforementioned Paquisha accepted in the
501:). In this inspection, three Ecuadorian detachments were found with facilities in the territory considered to be Peru by the Peruvian Government according to the previous treaties. These detachments had captured the old observation posts Nos. 22, 3 and 4.
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Several military bases were built up and down the
Cordillera by both countries, and the region was militarized. The Peruvian bases were serviced by helicopter, while on the Ecuadorian side, gravel roads were constructed to several military border posts.
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According to the USIP, after this war, Ecuador's
Foreign Ministry conducted a national opinion survey that reportedly confirmed the popularity of nullification of the Rio Protocol and Ecuador's right to sovereign access to the
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The
Peruvian armed forces were surprised by the rapid deployment of Ecuadorian forces, so, thinking that Levoyer and his men might invade the north of Peru, they organized anti-tank defense lines, trenches, and other defenses.
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and renounced its thesis of inapplicability of the Rio de
Janeiro Protocol of 1942 and its aspiration to be a riparian country of the Amazon River as well as its claim of sovereignty over it. The Marañón River through the
642:(OAS), had to intervene through the Sorrosa-Du Bois Act, setting the location coordinates allowed for border troops, ratifying the condition of the mentioned mountain range as a natural boundary between the two countries.
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but, as
Peruvian President Fernando BelaĂşnde described it, to a "False Paquisha", a name he gave it to be able to easily distinguish it from the first Paquisha that was legal under the Rio Protocol of 1942.
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To avoid the disaster of 1941 in regard to loss of civilian lives and a possible invasion to the south of Ecuador, the High Command sent twenty-five thousand men under the command of General
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had planned to inaugurate on February 12 those surveillance posts that Ecuador had installed in Peruvian territory to show the world that this territory was "Ecuadorian soil"
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The meeting concluded with a resolution that announced a cease fire in the conflict zone, and noted that both countries had accepted a commission of representatives from the
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542:, responded to this allegation stating that when Ecuador responded to the attacks on January 22, it always specified that the attacks were being made against the
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recovered the "PV-22" (False Paquisha), the next day they recovered the "PV-3", and on February 1, they recovered the "PV-4" (New ) or "false Mayaico".
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Ocean, in the towns of Huaquillas (Ecuador, Province of El Oro) and Aguas Verdes (Peru, Department of Tumbes). The result was the Sorrosa-Du Bois Act.
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area and Cenepa Valley, starting an escalating spiral of tension and provocation that finally resulted in another military confrontation in 1995, the
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On February 19, Peruvians recovered the "PV Jiménez Banda 2" (False Machinaza) and the next day, February 20, the "PV-4-A" and "PV-4-B" (Old ).
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As a result, the Peruvian and Ecuadorian governments, with assistance of each one of the Guarantors, agreed to separate their forces. This "
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denounced the attack on one of its aircraft that was carrying out a supply mission destined for border surveillance posts on the
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The Ecuadorian possession of these posts was denounced by Peruvian representatives at the foreign ministers' meeting of the
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was signed. Despite several proposals to complete demarcation of the border, no agreement was possible at that time.
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countries to safeguard the observance of the cease fire and establish conditions for peace between Peru and Ecuador.
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aircraft to counter the FAP attacks. On January 28, 1981, there was a dogfight between 2 A-37Bs of the FAE and FAP.
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According to a Peruvian journalistic information, which shows a photo that shows the capture of a powerful
546:(military outposts) of Paquisha, Mayaicu, and Machinaza, not against the similarly named Ecuadorian towns.
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is widely used by the international community and Ecuador, in Spanish this incident is also known as the
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over the control of three watchposts. While Peru felt that the matter was already decided in the
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Location of the Peruvian and Ecuadorian posts during the False Paquisha or Alto Comaina conflict
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The establishment of these posts was considered by the Peruvian Government as a violation of a
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703:. Violence occurred most of the time around January, which coincides with the month that the
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by the Ecuadorian writer Claudio Mena, said author maintains that the Ecuadorian president
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In the aftermath of the incident, both sides increased their military presence along the
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ordered the inspection of the river until its source located on the eastern side of the
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For details on the history of the border dispute between Ecuador and Peru, please see
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Interview with Peruvian President Fernando Belaunder Terry, Falso Paquisha Incident
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1023:"The presidents of Peru and Ecuador sign peace in Brasilia and delimit its border"
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401:) was a military clash that took place between January and February 1981 between
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The posts installed by the Ecuadorians came to be controlled by the Peruvian Army
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XXV Anniversary of Military Operations in the Cordillera del CĂłndor (1981-2006)
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However, in 1998, Ecuador recognized the authenticity and validity of the
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transport helicopters of the Army Aviation and Air Group No. 3, formed by
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Detailed information about the military actions in the Paquisha Incident
842:"Paquisha, 35 años de este importante nombre en la historia del Ecuador"
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Guerra de Paquisha, Conflicto del Falso Paquisha o Incidente de Paquisha
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to support these operations. The FAE flew 179 combat missions with
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776:"'False Paquisha': 37 years after a military feat, Expreso Diary"
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Border violence remained constant until the resolution of the
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The conflict began on January 22, 1981, the day on which the
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prepared a contingent to recover the post, formed mainly by
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presence to the east of the ridgeline of the Condor Range.
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with the task of defending possible invasion pathways.
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was not executable because a 78 km section of the
976:. Permanent Commission of History of the Army of Peru.
798:"The other victory: How we achieve peace with Ecuador"
470:
History of the Ecuadorian–Peruvian territorial dispute
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The Peruvian operation was a success, the outpost of
891:(in Spanish). Ministerio de Defensa. Archived from
620:destroyed the last military installations of the
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531:, called the three Ecuadorian military outposts
114:22 January – 5 February 1981
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1060:The 1995 Peruvian-Ecuadorian border conflict
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572:aircraft to support to the Jungle Infantry.
624:that were still in the Peruvian territory.
535:("fakes"), despite Ecuadorian sovereignty.
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303:
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477:The Paquisha or "False Paquisha" Incident
332:First Ecuadorian-Peruvian War (1857-1860)
66:Learn how and when to remove this message
972:Moncada Novoa, Ricardo (December 2005).
462:
29:This article includes a list of general
1142:Ecuadorian–Peruvian territorial dispute
955:"Conflict with Ecuador, False Paquisha"
697:Ecuadorian–Peruvian territorial dispute
667:Context of the "gentlemen's agreement."
327:Gran Colombian-Peruvian War (1828–1829)
314:Ecuadorian–Peruvian territorial dispute
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1734:February 1981 events in South America
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647:machine gun system with 4 guns of .50
347:Second Ecuadorian-Peruvian War (1941)
284:
1729:January 1981 events in South America
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447:) in Peru and, occasionally, as the
362:Third Ecuadorian-Peruvian War (1995)
15:
1255:2010 coup d'Ă©tat attempt and crisis
1157:Ecuadorian–Peruvian War (1857–1860)
13:
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413:of 1941, Ecuador claimed that the
35:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
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1477:1998–1999 Ecuador economic crisis
538:The Ecuadorian Foreign Minister,
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1011:from the original on 2014-06-10.
889:"Operaciones del Falso Paquisha"
756:List of wars between democracies
232:
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1719:Territorial disputes of Ecuador
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640:Organization of American States
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1223:Supreme Council of Government
1001:"Paquisha or the false story"
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618:Aviation of the Peruvian Army
90:Ecuadorian–Peruvian conflicts
1714:Territorial disputes of Peru
864:"Protocol of Rio de Janeiro"
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445:Conflicto del Falso Paquisha
7:
1509:Water supply and sanitation
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577:Fuerza AĂ©rea del Peru (FAP)
421:was not precisely defined.
10:
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1169:Liberal Revolution of 1895
926:. Letranueva. Quito, 1981.
457:conflicto del Alto Comaina
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728:"Paquisha, all the truth"
701:Brasilia Presidential Act
369:Brasilia Presidential Act
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1694:Ecuadorian–Peruvian wars
1260:2024 Ecuadorian conflict
924:Paquisha: toda la verdad
922:Mena Villamar, Claudio.
540:Alfonso Barrera Valverde
357:Paquisha incident (1981)
1240:War on drugs in Ecuador
1196:Ecuadorian–Peruvian War
1122:Real Audiencia of Quito
1005:Ecuador's Hoy newspaper
937:"I survived the Condor"
579:flew many sorties with
507:Rio de Janeiro Protocol
491:Fernando BelaĂşnde Terry
415:Rio de Janeiro Protocol
411:Ecuadorian–Peruvian War
352:Border incident of 1978
342:Torres Causana incident
212:Fernando BelaĂşnde Terry
50:more precise citations.
1213:Military Junta of 1963
820:"The legacy of a hero"
453:Upper Comaina Conflict
398:
196:Commanders and leaders
1117:Pre-Columbian Ecuador
988:ecuador.nativeweb.org
732:Jaime RoldĂłs Aguilera
654:gentleman's agreement
633:Cordillera del CĂłndor
499:Cordillera del CĂłndor
489:. Peruvian President
463:Historical background
426:Cordillera del CĂłndor
258:Casualties and losses
239:Jaime RoldĂłs Aguilera
134:Condor mountain range
699:in 1998 through the
616:On February 21, the
1724:Ecuador–Peru border
1184:1922 general strike
1127:War of Independence
529:Javier Arias Stella
483:Peruvian government
1598:Indigenous peoples
1489:Telecommunications
1399:National Congress
441:Falso Paquisha War
337:Angoteros incident
224:Rafael Hoyos Rubio
1699:Conflicts in 1981
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1462:Coffee production
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1407:Political parties
1394:National Assembly
1384:Foreign relations
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1179:Concha Revolution
673:Richelieu Levoyer
449:Paquisha Incident
391:Paquisha incident
387:Fake Paquisha War
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143:Peruvian victory
83:Paquisha incident
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1472:Economic history
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1250:2000 coup d'Ă©tat
1152:March Revolution
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895:on March 6, 2016
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1136:reunification
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1132:Gran Colombia
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544:destacamentos
541:
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497:(in Spanish,
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487:Comaina River
484:
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70:
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59:
49:
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32:
27:
18:
17:
1709:1981 in Peru
1565:Social class
1540:Demographics
1499:Trade unions
1455:Central Bank
1374:Constitution
1235:1990–present
1228:Paquisha War
1227:
1058:
1051:
1043:
1026:
1017:
1004:
995:
987:
982:
973:
967:
958:
949:
940:
931:
923:
918:
909:
897:. Retrieved
893:the original
868:. Retrieved
866:. Britannica
858:
846:. Retrieved
844:(in Spanish)
836:
824:. Retrieved
822:(in Spanish)
814:
802:. Retrieved
800:(in Spanish)
792:
780:. Retrieved
778:(in Spanish)
770:
739:Rio Protocol
736:
727:
726:In the book
725:
721:Rio Protocol
717:Amazon River
713:
709:
705:Rio Protocol
694:
685:
681:
677:
670:
658:
651:
644:
637:
632:
628:
626:
615:
612:
608:
601:
574:
548:
543:
537:
532:
522:
514:
512:
503:
498:
495:Condor range
480:
467:
466:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
437:Paquisha War
436:
434:
423:
390:
386:
383:Paquisha War
382:
380:
367:
356:
163:Belligerents
88:Part of the
62:
53:
34:
1313:Environment
1308:Earthquakes
899:January 26,
826:28 February
149:Territorial
48:introducing
1688:Categories
1633:Television
1603:Newspapers
1245:Cenepa War
913:Mena, 1981
782:29 January
762:References
516:status quo
430:Cenepa War
272:30 wounded
122:1981-02-05
118:1981-01-22
31:references
1550:Education
1504:Transport
1412:President
1379:Elections
1348:Volcanoes
1338:Provinces
1328:Mountains
1281:Geography
1208:1960–1990
1203:1944–1960
1191:1925–1944
1174:1895–1925
1164:1860–1895
1147:1830–1860
959:Inca Land
870:March 30,
848:8 January
691:Aftermath
661:guarantor
597:Mirage F1
585:Mirage 5P
269:16 killed
263:17 killed
56:July 2017
1668:Category
1560:Religion
1467:Currency
1401:(former)
1389:Military
1362:Politics
1101:articles
1009:Archived
750:See also
570:Mirage 5
245:Strength
130:Location
120: –
1652:Outline
1628:Smoking
1588:Cuisine
1575:Culture
1523:Society
1494:Tourism
1450:Banking
1438:Economy
1323:Mammals
1318:Islands
1303:Climate
1109:History
1097:Ecuador
1048:Caretas
804:7 March
451:or the
403:Ecuador
395:Spanish
250:unknown
190:Ecuador
151:changes
116: (
44:improve
1673:Portal
1583:Cinema
1555:Health
1545:People
1484:Mining
1343:Rivers
1298:Cities
1099:
555:Mi-8TV
533:falsos
419:border
253:53 men
187:
174:
140:Result
33:, but
1659:Index
1623:Sport
1608:Music
1535:Crime
1293:Birds
593:A-37B
589:Su-22
581:A-37B
566:Su-22
1593:Flag
1417:List
901:2014
872:2021
850:2018
828:2020
806:2017
784:2018
638:The
595:and
587:and
575:The
568:and
562:A-37
551:Peru
549:The
407:Peru
405:and
381:The
177:Peru
111:Date
559:FAP
525:OAS
459:).
389:or
1690::
1025:.
1007:.
1003:.
957:.
939:.
880:^
723:.
635:.
583:,
564:,
432:.
397::
385:,
1138:)
1134:(
1089:e
1082:t
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961:.
943:.
903:.
874:.
852:.
830:.
808:.
786:.
472:.
455:(
443:(
393:(
304:e
297:t
290:v
124:)
69:)
63:(
58:)
54:(
40:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
