Panther tank - Knowledge

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whilst on later versions a selectable high speed traverse gear was added. Thus the turret could be rotated 360 degrees at up to 6º/second in low gear independent of engine rpm (same as on early production versions), or up to 19º/second with the high speed setting and engine at 2000 rpm, and at over 36º/second at the maximum allowable engine speed of 3000 rpm. The direction and speed of traverse was controlled by the gunner through foot pedals, the speed of traverse corresponding to the level of depression the gunner applied to the foot pedal. This system allowed for very precise control of powered traverse, a light touch on the pedal resulting in a minimum traverse speed of 0.1 deg/sec (360 degrees in 60 min), unlike in most other tanks of the time (e.g. US M4 Sherman or Soviet T-34) this allowed for fine laying of the gun without the gunner needing to use his traverse handwheel.

1829: 1759: 1337: 1486: 3387: 1211:" matched pair of connecting rods for each transversely oriented pair of cylinders. Usually, "V"-form engines have their transversely paired cylinders' connecting rods' "big ends" simply placed side by side on the crankpin, with their transverse pairs of cylinders offset slightly to allow the connecting rod big ends to attach side by side while still being in the cylinder bore centreline. This compact arrangement with the connecting rods was the source of considerable problems initially. Blown head gaskets were another problem, which was corrected with improved seals in September 1943. Improved bearings were introduced in November 1943. An engine governor was also added in November 1943 that reduced the maximum engine speed to 2,500 rpm. An eighth crankshaft bearing was added beginning in January 1944 to reduce motor failures. 2014: 1228: 1655: 1686: 3422: 1421: 1092: 821: 2422:, as well as motor oil leaks from gaskets, produced fires in the engine compartment; which resulted in the total write-off of three Panthers due to fires. Transmission and final drive breakdowns were the most common and difficult to repair. A large list of other problems were detected in these early Panthers, and so from April through May 1943 all Panthers were shipped to Falkensee and Nürnberg for a major rebuilding program. This did not correct all of the problems, so a second program was started at Grafenwoehr and Erlangen in June 1943. Reliability improved with the Ausf. A and later G of the Panther, with availability rates going from an average of 37% by end of 1943 to an average of 54% in 1944. 1582:

had deeper sponsons, 24 rounds were stored on each side of the turret, for a total of 48 rounds. In all models, four rounds were also stored in the left sponson between the driver and the turret. An additional 36 rounds were stored inside the hull of the Ausf. D and A models – 27 in the forward hull compartment directly underneath the mantlet. In the Ausf. G, the hull ammunition storage was reduced to 27 rounds total, with 18 rounds in the forward hull compartment. For all models, three rounds were kept under the turntable of the turret. The stowage of 52 rounds of ammunition in the side sponsons made this area the most vulnerable point on the Panther since penetration here usually led to

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1,500 m (1,600 yd). The Panther's 75 mm gun could penetrate the IS-2 model 1943's mantlet from 400 m (440 yd), turret from 800 m (870 yd), and driver's front plate from 600 m (660 yd). From the side, the Panther's armour was penetrable by the 122 mm D-25T from over 3,500 m (3,800 yd). The Panther carried more ammunition and had a faster firing cycle: for every 1–1.5 shots of the IS-2, the Panther and Tiger could fire 3-4 times. With the addition of a semi-automatic drop breech over the previously manual screw, this breech modification increased the IS-2's rate of fire to 3-4 rounds per minute.

53: 1477:; this resulted in lower impact resistance levels compared to earlier armour. In 1943, Allied bombers struck and severely damaged the Knaben mine in Norway, eliminating a key source of molybdenum; supplies from Finland and Japan were also cut off. The loss of molybdenum, and its replacement with other substitutes to maintain hardness, as well as a general loss of quality control, resulted in an increased brittleness in German armour plate, which developed a tendency to fracture when struck with a shell. Testing by U.S. Army officers in August 1944 in Isigny, France showed catastrophic cracking of the armour plate on two out of three Panthers examined. 3263: 2853: 2951: 3259:", which was transformed from a volunteer infantry division into an armoured one. The Panther tank was officially known as T-V (T-5) in the army inventory. These tanks were in poor condition and remained in service until about 1950, by which time the Romanian Army had received T-34-85 tanks. All of the tanks were scrapped by 1954. The tanks were different models: Ausf. A, Ausf. D, and Ausf. G. They were shown to the public in 1948, during the 1 May parade in Bucharest, painted with Romanian markings. Until 1950, the T-V (T-5) was the heaviest tank available to the Romanian Army. 1894: 1868: 1935:

this point in the war, the quality of German tank crews had fallen and most Panther crews were inexperienced with minimal training. The lack of training exacerbated the Panther's technical weaknesses (poor power train durability and a lack of fuel and spare parts), resulting in many Panthers breaking down which were unable to be salvaged. Thus while a Panther was superior to a Sherman in the hands of an experienced crew, inadequate training, coupled with Sherman numerical superiority, resulted in a poor combat performance for the vehicle during the offensive.

3212: 1618:. If a non-penetrating hit bounced downwards off its lower section, it could penetrate the thin forward hull roof armour, and plunge down into the front hull compartment. Penetrations of this nature could have catastrophic results, since the compartment housed the driver and radio operator sitting along both sides of the massive gearbox and steering unit. Also, four magazines containing main gun ammunition were located between the driver/radio operator seats and the turret, directly underneath the gun mantlet when the turret was facing forward. 2628: 2715:(high velocity armour-piercing) 76 mm round was introduced to improve the performance of the 76 mm M4 Shermans. With a tungsten core, this round could still not penetrate the Panther glacis plate, but could punch through the Panther mantlet at 730 to 910 m (800 to 1,000 yd), instead of the usual 91 m (100 yd) for the normal 76 mm round. Tungsten production shortages meant that this round was always in short supply, with only a few available per tank, and some M4 Sherman units never received any. 3204: 6744: 3498: 538:

to flanking fire, and a weaker high explosive shell. The Panther proved to be effective in open country and long-range engagements. The Panther had excellent firepower, protection and mobility, though early variants suffered from reliability issues. The Panther was far cheaper to produce than the Tiger I. Key elements of the Panther design, such as its armour, transmission, and final drive, were simplifications made to improve production rates and address raw material shortages.

1352:(ZF), and a MAN single radius steering system, operated by steering levers. Each gear had a fixed radius of turning, ranging from 5 m (16 ft) for 1st gear up to 80 m (260 ft) for 7th gear. The driver was expected to judge the sharpness of a turn ahead of time and shift into the appropriate gear to turn the tank. The driver could also engage the brakes on one side to force a sharper turn. This was a much simplified design compared to the Tiger tanks. 3031:

an 8.8 cm Kw.K.43 L/71 with repositioned trunnions in a mostly unchanged Schmalturm turret. By March 1945, Daimler-Benz was slated to produce a soft-steel prototype. At this time, Krupp returned to the project under a request from Colonel Crohn. They were given the task of developing a turret for the 8.8 cm, which was an adaption of their previous design. The design was approved on March 14, 1945, with production slated to begin in the last quarter of 1945.

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compartment, which caused engine fires. Additional ventilation was added to draw off these gases, which only partly solved the problem of engine fires. Other measures taken to reduce this problem included improving the coolant circulation inside the motor and adding a reinforced membrane spring to the fuel pump. Despite the risks of fire, the fighting compartment was relatively safe due to a solid firewall that separated it from the engine compartment.

1859:(18–29 September) took place, and again mostly Panther-equipped German forces suffered heavy losses fighting against the 4th Armored Division of Patton's Third Army, which were still primarily equipped with 75 mm M4 Sherman tanks and yet again, came away from the battle with few losses. The Panther units were newly formed, poorly trained and tactically disorganized; most units ended up stumbling into ambushes against seasoned U.S. tank crews. 1823:

forest fighting. It is very front-heavy and therefore quickly wears out the front final drives, made of low-grade steel. High silhouette. Very sensitive power-train requiring well-trained drivers. Weak side armor; tank top vulnerable to fighter-bombers. Fuel lines of porous material that allow gasoline fumes to escape into the tank interior causing a grave fire hazard. Absence of vision slits makes defense against close attack impossible.

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the gun carriage being 35 cm further back. This necessitated an extension to the turret. However, the gun still reduced internal space, making it harder to load. Krupp´s Hln-E142 drawing, called ´Pz.Kpfw. “Panther” mit 8.8 cm L/71 (Kw.K.43)´, dating back to November 17, 1944, shows that the 8.8 would have had depression/elevation angles of -8/15 and would have lengthened the tank to 9.25 meters long.

7694: 753:, was officially accepted. It was put into immediate production. The start of production was delayed, mainly because of a shortage of specialized machine tools needed for the machining of the hull. Finished tanks were produced in December and suffered from reliability problems as a result. The demand for this tank was so high that the manufacturing was soon expanded beyond MAN to include Daimler-Benz (Berlin- 2918: 2479:, also proved disappointing. Several captured German Tiger I tanks were shipped to Chelyabinsk, where they were subjected to 85 mm fire from various angles. The 85 mm gun could not reliably penetrate the Tiger I except at ranges within the lethal envelope of the Tiger I's own 88 mm gun. The Soviets had already embarked on the 85-mm-gun upgrade path before encountering the Panther tank at the 3574: 1258:, allowed for a wide travel stroke and rapid oscillations with high reliability, thus allowing for relatively high speed travel over undulating terrain. The extra space required for the bars running across the length of the bottom of the hull, below the turret basket, increased the overall height of the tank. When damaged by mines, the torsion bars often required a welding torch for removal. 662:

still preferred the leaf springs over a torsion bar suspension as it resulted in a silhouette about 200 mm (7.9 in) shorter and rendered complex shock absorbers unnecessary. The employment of a rear drive provided additional crew space and also allowed for a better slope on the front hull, which was considered important in preventing penetration by armour-piercing shells.

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this battle, but claimed 267 destroyed tanks. Despite this, its greatest historical role in the battle may have been a highly negative one—its contribution to the decisions to delay the original start of Operation Citadel for a total of two months, time which the Soviets used to build up an enormous concentration of minefields, anti-tank guns, trenches and artillery defences.

618:, a special tank commission was created to assess the T-34. Among the features of the Soviet tank considered most significant was the sloped armour, which gave much improved effective armour thickness, the wide track, which improved mobility over soft terrain, and the 76.2 mm (3 in) gun, which had good armour penetration and fired an effective high-explosive round. 2705:

can be no basis for the T26 tank other than the conception of a tank-vs.-tank duel-which is believed to be unsound and unnecessary. Both British and American battle experience has demonstrated that the antitank gun in suitable numbers is the master of the tank. ... There has been no indication that the 76mm antitank gun is inadequate against German Mark VI tank.

1716:" platoon used the captured Panther (named "Magda") to destroy the bunkers and watchtowers of the camp. Most of the Germans in the camp were killed; the insurgents had lost two people and liberated almost 350 people. After several days the captured tanks were immobilized due to the lack of fuel and batteries and were set ablaze to prevent them from being recaptured. 2600:, but did not yet have a vehicle in service that could fit this large gun into its turret. For its part, the U.S. Army did not believe that the Panther would be a significant problem, and did not foresee their armoured forces having to fight pitched engagements against large numbers of Panthers. The Panther was not seen in combat by the Western Allies until 2869:

armour; initially referred to as Panther 2 (it became the Panther II after April 1943). This upgrade increased the thickness of the glacis plate to 100 mm (3.9 in), the side armour to 60 mm (2.4 in), and the top armour to 30 mm (1.2 in). Production of the Panther 2 was slated to begin in September 1943.

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effective against any German tank, including the Panther, Tiger and Elefant. It was renowned for its ability to rip the turret completely off a Panther or Tiger tank (at any range) by sheer blast effect alone, and numerous German AFVs were claimed as destroyed or damaged by SU-152 fire during the Battle of Kursk.

2620:, the U.S. Army expected to face a handful of German heavy tanks alongside large numbers of Panzer IVs. At this point, it was too late to prepare to face the Panther. As it turned out, 38% of the German tanks in Normandy were Panthers, whose frontal armour could not be penetrated by the 75 mm guns of the US 1385:

gears used in their construction were as good as we could make them today. I suspect the main problem with the final drive was that they were designed for a much lighter version of the Panther...Once they started to up-armor the Panther, there was no room to beef up the final drives to handle the extra weight."

2688:) guns. This doctrine led to a lack of urgency in the U.S. Army to upgrade the armour and firepower of the M4 Sherman tank, which had previously done well against the most common German tanks – Panzer IIIs and Panzer IVs – in Africa and Italy. As with the Soviets, the German adoption of thicker armour and the 686:

rubber-rimmed steel wheels distributed ground pressure more evenly across the track. The MAN proposal also complemented Rheinmetall's already designed turret modified from that of the VK 45.01 (H), and used a virtually identical Maybach V12 engine to the Tiger I heavy tank's Maybach HL230 powerplant model.

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incidents. Unlike captured Panzer IVs and StuGs, the Soviets generally only used Panthers and Tigers that had been captured intact and used them until they broke down, as they were too complex and difficult to transport for repair. Panzer IVs and StuGs, on the other hand, were so numerous in terms of

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On January 23, 1945, a meeting was held by the Entwicklungskommission in which the project was handed over to Daimler-Benz. The turret ring of the Daimler-Benz Panther-Schmalturm-8.8 cm was enlarged by 100 mm, which increased the weight by 1 tonne. For the most part, however, the design was

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against a force largely of Panther tanks brought about a clamour for better armour and firepower. At General Eisenhower's request, only 76 mm gun-armed M4 Shermans were shipped to Europe for the remainder of the war. Small numbers of the M26 Pershing were also rushed into combat in late February

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The recommendation of a limited proportion of tanks carrying a 90mm gun is not concurred in for the following reasons: The M4 tank has been hailed widely as the best tank of the battlefield today. ... There appears to be no fear on the part of our forces of the German Mark VI (Tiger) tank. There

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The Western Allies were aware of the Panther and had access to technical details through the Soviets, but there was a difference in the American and British camps as to the significance of the tank. After taking two years to catch up with German tank design in Africa, the British were wary of falling

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broken down and the boxes have had to be replaced." This accompanied a report from I./Panzer Regiment 2 noting that engine fires had reduced, heavy wear on steering due to lack of crew instruction and time for maintenance, weakness in the reduction gear causing breakdowns and requesting improvements

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Historian Steven Zaloga observed that the Panther's performance in the Ardennes operation against American M4 Shermans was disappointing for a vehicle of its technical specifications, given the Panther's superior armour and armament to the Sherman. Zaloga argues that this was down to the fact that at

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The highest total number of operational Panthers on the Eastern Front was achieved in September 1944, when some 522 were listed as operational out of a total of 728. Throughout the rest of the war Germany continued to keep the great majority of Panther forces on the Eastern Front, where the situation

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It was not until 23–29 June 1943 that a total of 200 rebuilt Panthers were finally issued to Panther Regiment von Lauchert, of the XLVIII Panzer Corps (4 Panzer Army). Two were immediately lost due to motor fires on disembarking from the trains. By 5 July, when the Battle of Kursk started, there were

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on the production lines greatly reduced costs, but also greatly increased the risk of sabotage (postwar French Army studies in 1947 found that many Panthers had been sabotaged during production). The Germans increasingly strove for production methods that would allow higher production rates and lower

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Report drawn up on 04.22.1944 by I./Panzer-Regiment 2 which summarizes the experiences carried out by this Battalion with the Panther during the hard battles of March - April 1944 in the Eastern Front (Ukraine) and where a notable increase in the useful life of the different components of the battle

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technical manual states that the 8.8 cm KwK 36 HE shell from the Tiger I contained 0.9 kg of amatol (3765 Kilojoules). The 7.5 cm KwK 42 HE shell from the Panther contained 0.650 kg of amatol (2720 Kilojoules). By contrast the 7.5 cm KwK 37 HE round contained 0.454 kg of amatol (1900 Kilojoules) and

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During March–April 1945, Bulgaria received 15 Panthers of various makes (D, A, and G variants) from captured and overhauled Soviet stocks; they only saw limited (training) service use. They were dug down, with automotive components removed, as pillboxes along the Bulgarian-Turkish border as early as

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were placed in 1943. By the time of the Normandy invasion, 340 Sherman Fireflies were available to the Commonwealth armoured divisions. The British lobbied for American production lines to be modified to produce Fireflies, but these suggestions were declined by the U.S. Army, in part due to the poor

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On 28 June 1944, after the initial response to the Allied landings in Normandy, Guderian reported that "The Panther is inclined to catch fire quickly. The lifetime of the Panther's engines (1,400 to 1,500 km) is much higher than the Panther's final drives. A solution to the final drive teething

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The first Panthers saw combat at Kursk in summer 1943, revealing reliability issues beyond that typically expected for a new weapon system. Combat readiness remained low throughout 1943 was low. A contemporary report reported that, "Until reaching the first preparation area, 50% of the vehicles were

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was used in a reconnaissance mission. At dusk, the tank passed through the forest, attacked from the flank and destroyed three enemy "Panther" tanks, but then, during the retreat to Soviet positions, it was hit by German artillery and damaged. After the battle the tank was written off due to lack of

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The Panther demonstrated its capacity to destroy any Soviet armoured fighting vehicle from long distance during the Battle of Kursk, and had a very high overall kill ratio. It constituted less than seven percent of the estimated 2,400–2,700 total armoured fighting vehicles deployed by the Germans in

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Ammunition storage for the main gun was a weak point. All the ammunition for the main armament was stored in the hull, with a significant amount stored in the sponsons. In the Ausf. D and A models, 18 rounds were stored next to the turret on each side, for a total of 36 rounds. In the Ausf. G, which

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gun — 3 inch (76.2mm) calibre, and a 55 calibre long (L/55) barrel, with its access to APDS shot — had more potential armour perforation power, but it was considerably less accurate owing to disturbances caused by the separation of shot and sabot and at a cost of less severe damage inside the target

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became the standard in all armies (thus defeating the benefits of face-hardening, which caused uncapped rounds to shatter), this requirement was deleted in March 1943. By August 1943, Panthers were being built only with a homogeneous steel glacis plate. The front hull had 80 mm (3.1 in) of

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German industry made a number of modifications to the final drive units on the Panther Ausf. G in September and October 1944 to increase the durability of the unit. Jacques Littlefield, of the Military Vehicle Technology Foundation, which restored a Panther Ausf. A, said "we found that the alloy and

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A report by Dr. Puschel of MAN said "The main cause of these failures was fatigue of the compound intermediate gear due to the low-core strength of the material used and the absence of case hardening at the critical sections" and "the use of split ring dowels with only a few bolts to retain the main

1272:(muddy season) on the Eastern Front. During its design phase, the problem of the running gear becoming blocked with mud or snow was reduced to a minimum. Shell damage could cause the road wheels to jam together and become difficult to separate. Interleaved wheels had long been standard on all German 1167:

V12 petrol engine. To save on aluminium, the light alloy block in the HL210 was replaced with one made of cast iron. Two multistage "cyclone" air filters were used to improve dust removal. The engine's power output was reduced when low-grade petrol was used. With its fuel capacity of 730 litres (160

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The Panther had five crew members: commander, gunner, loader, driver, and radio operator. The commander, loader and gunner were in the turret, while the driver and radio operator were in the hull of the vehicle. The driver sat on the front-left side of the tank and next to him was the tank's machine

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The weight of the production model was increased to 45 tonnes from the original plans for a 35-tonne tank. Hitler was briefed thoroughly on the comparison between the MAN and DB designs in the report by Guderian's tank commission. Armour protection appeared to be inadequate, while "the motor mounted

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In addition to interfering with tank production goals, the bombing forced a steep drop in the production of spare parts (as a percentage of tank production, it dropped from 25–30% in 1943 to 8% in late 1944). This compounded the problems with numbers of operational Panthers and their reliability, as

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bombing, and manufacturing and resource bottlenecks. Production in 1943 averaged 148 per month. In 1944, it averaged 315 a month (3,777 having been built that year), peaking with 380 in July and ending around the end of March 1945, with at least 6,000 built in total. Frontline combat strength peaked

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until the end of the war. While having essentially the same Maybach V12 petrol (690 hp) engine as the Tiger I, the Panther had better gun penetration, was lighter and faster, and could traverse rough terrain better than the Tiger I. The trade-off was weaker side armour, which made it vulnerable

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received at least 5 Panthers (Ausf. A or Ausf. G) which were used effectively in combat under the command of Hungarian tank ace Ervin Tarczay. They were received by the 2nd Company, 1st Battalion of the 3rd Armoured Regiment. A batch of 10-12 Panthers which were originally destined for Romania were

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had a much narrower front face of 120 mm (4.7 in) armour sloped at 20 degrees; side turret armour was increased to 60 mm (2.4 in) from 45 mm (1.8 in); roof turret armour increased to 40 mm (1.6 in) from 16 mm (0.63 in); and a bell shaped gun mantlet

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U.S. awareness of the inadequacies of their tanks grew only slowly. All U.S. M4 Shermans that landed in Normandy in June 1944 had the 75 mm gun. The general purpose 75 mm M4 gun could not penetrate the Panther from the front at all, although it could penetrate various parts of the Panther

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on two captured tanks, U.S. intelligence estimated Panther production for February 1944 to be 270 units, much greater than what had been anticipated. This estimate was very accurate, especially compared to previous methods, as German records after the war showed production of Panthers for the month

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While the PzKpfw IV could still be used to advantage, the PzKpfw V proved ill adapted to the terrain. The Sherman because of its maneuverability and height was good ... poorly suited for hedgerow terrain because of its width. Long gun barrel and width of tank reduce maneuverability in village and

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From September 1944, a slightly redesigned mantlet with a flattened and much thicker lower "chin" design started to be fitted to Panther Ausf. G models, the chin being intended to prevent such deflections. Conversion to the "chin" design was gradual, and Panthers continued to be produced to the end

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The AK 7-200 transmission was capable of pivot turns but only when the ground resistance on both tracks was the same. This high-torque method of turning could cause failures of the final drive. The overstressed transmission system led to premature stripping of the third gear. This was compounded by

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interleaved road wheel system made replacing inner road wheels time-consuming (though it could operate with missing or broken wheels). The interleaved wheels also had a tendency to become clogged with mud, rocks and ice, and could freeze solid overnight in the harsh winter weather that followed the

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car factory), and this came on line in May 1944. The targeting of Panther factories began with a bombing raid on the DB plant on 6 August 1944, and again on the night of 23/24 August. MAN was struck on 10 September, 3 October and 19 October 1944, and then again on 3 January and 20/21 February 1945.

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reported that Hitler considered the Daimler-Benz design to be superior to MAN's design. A review by a special commission appointed by Hitler in May 1942 selected the MAN design. Hitler approved this decision after reviewing it overnight. One of the principal reasons given for this decision was that

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suspension, in contrast to the MAN's proposal of twin torsion bars. Wa Prüf 6's opinion was that the leaf spring suspension was a disadvantage and that using torsion bars would allow greater internal hull width. It also opposed the rear drive because of the potential for track fouling. Daimler-Benz

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German soldiers grappled for nine hours with an unusual task: trying to remove a Second World War tank found in the cellar of a villa...The army was called in to try to remove the 1943-vintage Panther tank, and struggled for nine hours to tow it out using two modern recovery tanks designed to haul

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During the development of the Schmalturm turret, Krupp proposed an up-gunned varriant using the 8.8 cm KwK 43 L/71 and modifying the turret minimally. Several drawings were made. Krupp's drawing Hln-130 shows that the gun was to be mounted 35 cm further forward than the 7.5 cm, with

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The E series of experimental tanks — E-10, E-25, E-50, E-75, E-100 (the numbers designated their weight class) — was proposed to further streamline production with an even greater sharing of common parts and simplification of design. In this scheme, the Panther tank would have been replaced by the

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The production of Panther tanks and other German tanks dropped off sharply after January 1945, and eight of the Panther regiments still on the Western Front were transferred to the Eastern Front in February 1945. The result was that, for the rest of the war during 1945, the greatest threats to the

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Whereas Sherman tanks fired rounds with a high flash powder that made them easier to spot by German tankers to spot them, rounds fired by German tanks used a low flash powder, making it harder for Allied crews to spot them. Shermans, even though they were around 15 tons lighter than Panthers, had

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After the losses of the Battle of Kursk, the German Army went into a permanent state of retreat from the Red Army. The numbers of Panthers were slowly built up again on the Eastern Front, and the operational percentage increased as reliability improved. In March 1944 Guderian reported: "Almost all

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Powered turret traverse was provided by the variable speed Boehringer-Sturm L4 hydraulic motor, which was driven from the main engine by a secondary drive shaft, the same system as on the PzKpfw.VI Tiger. On early production versions of the Panther maximum turret traverse was limited to 6º/second,

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The armour for the side hull and superstructure (the side sponsons) was much thinner at 40–50 mm (1.6–2.0 in). The thinner side armour was necessary to reduce the weight, but made the Panther vulnerable to hits from the side by all Allied tank and anti-tank guns. German tactical doctrine

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in the summer of 1943 despite numerous unresolved technical problems, leading to high losses due to mechanical failures. Most design flaws were rectified by late 1943 and early 1944, though the Allied bombing of production plants in Germany, increasing shortages of high-quality alloys for critical

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roadwheel design used) and running gear. In March 1943, MAN indicated that the first prototype would be completed by August 1943. A number of engines were under consideration, among them the new Maybach HL234 fuel-injected engine (900 hp operated by an 8-speed hydraulic transmission) and the

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On 10 February 1943, Dr. Wiebecke (chief design engineer for MAN) suggested thoroughly redesigning the Panther II and incorporating Tiger components such as the steering gears, final drive, entire suspension and turret based on Eastern Front experience. Total weight would increase to more than 50

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was introduced in September 1944; the 90 mm round also proved to have difficulty penetrating the Panther's glacis plate, and it was not until an HVAP version of the round was developed that it could effectively penetrate it from combat range. It was very effective against the Panther's front

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Guderian wrote on 5 March 1944: "The frontline reports said service life of the tank's engine had increased up from 700 to 1,000 km . In addition, the same Panther tank-equipped unit reported that final drive breakdowns had ended and that transmission and steering gear failures were now within an

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in June 1944, there were initially only two Panther-equipped Panzer regiments in the Western Front, with a total of 156 Panthers between them. From June through August 1944, an additional seven Panther regiments were sent into France, reaching a maximum strength of 432 in a status report dated 30

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armoured fighting vehicle variant machine guns featuring an armoured barrel sleeve. An MG 34 machine gun was located co-axially with the main gun on the gun mantlet; an identical MG 34 was located on the glacis plate and fired by the radio operator. Initial Ausf. D and early Ausf. A models used a

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and for mass-production numerous simplifications were made to the design and its manufacture, sometimes against the wishes of designers and army officers. Consequently, the final drive was changed to a double spur system; although simpler to produce, the double spur gears had higher loads, making

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The engine compartment was designed to be watertight so that the Panther could ford water obstacles; however, this made the engine compartment poorly ventilated and prone to overheating. The fuel connectors in early Panthers were not insulated, leading to the leakage of fuel fumes into the engine

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plate was to be increased from 60 mm (2.4 in) to 80 mm (3.1 in). Hitler demanded that an increase to 100 mm (3.9 in) should be attempted and that at least all vertical surfaces were to be 100 mm (3.9 in); the turret front plate was increased from 80 mm

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The Inspector General of Armoured Troops summarised in May 1944: "The average lifespan of a Panther can now be roughly equal to that of a Panzer IV with around 1,500–2,000 kilometers between two major repair and maintenance processes, but in several cases, at approximately 1,500 km, the gear has

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The Panther once again demonstrated its prowess in open country, where it could hit its targets at long range with near-impunity, and its vulnerability in the close-in fighting of the small towns of the Ardennes, where they suffered heavy losses. A status report on 15 January 1945 showed only 97

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in early 1942, and steadily accelerated through to 1944; the production of the Panther tank coincided with this period of increased manufacturing efficiency. At the beginning of the war, German armoured fighting vehicle manufacturers had employed labour-intensive and costly manufacturing methods

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were already underway before the first Panther had even seen combat. But from May to June 1943, work on the Panther II ceased as the focus was shifted to expanding production of the original Panther tank. It is not clear if there was ever an official cancellation: this may have been because the

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tank destroyers — it was nicknamed Zveroboy ("Beast Slayer"). As a self-propelled artillery piece, the SU-152 was generally issued with HE rounds rather than armour-piercing projectiles. The 152mm HE round produced a massive blast that did not rely on velocity for its effectiveness, making them

2511:

A Wa Prüf 1 report states that when set at a 30-degree angle the glacis plate of the Panther could not be penetrated by the 122 mm BR-471 AP shell, the lower glacis could be penetrated from 100 m (110 yd), the turret mantlet from 500 m (550 yd) and the turret front from

2474:

The Tiger I and Panther tanks were German responses to encountering the T-34 in 1941. Soviet firing tests against a captured Tiger in April 1943 showed that the T-34's 76 mm gun could not penetrate the front of the Tiger I; and could only penetrate the side at very close range. An existing

725:

Since the Tiger had originally been designed to weigh fifty tons but as a result of Hitler's demands had gone up to fifty seven tons, we decided to develop a new thirty ton tank whose very name, Panther, was to signify greater agility. Though light in weight, its motor was to be the same as the

2868:

The early impetus for upgrading the Panther came from the concern of Hitler and others that it lacked sufficient armour. Hitler had already insisted on an increase in its armour once, early in its design process in 1942. Discussions involving Hitler in January 1943 called for further increased

2639:

The British recognised the danger posed by the increasing armour strength of German tanks, and work started in 1941 on a more powerful anti-tank gun which appeared in service from February 1943. The Cromwell tank was to use a 50-calibre long 75mm "High Velocity" gun. When these programmes were

2515:

The IS-2 proved to have surprisingly good anti-tank capabilities due to the D-25T's extremely heavy HE projectiles. Standard doctrine for purpose-built anti-tank guns of the period universally relied on small, dense solid projectiles propelled to high velocities, optimized for punching through

2507:

1944, compelled the designers to seek innovative solutions. According to German tactical instructions, a Panther had to close to 600 m (660 yd) to guarantee penetration of the IS-2's frontal armour, while the IS-2 could penetrate the Panther at ranges of 1,000 m (1,100 yd).

2460:

The various improvements began to have an effect on the combat-ready rate of the tanks deployed on the Eastern Front, which increased from 37% in February, to 50% in April, and 78% by the end of May 1944. In September and October 1944, further modifications were fitted into the final drives as

1218:

Engine reliability improved over time. The average service life expectancy without the need to dismount the engine from the tank was about 2000 km, or around 100 working hours. A French assessment in 1947 of their stock of captured Normandy Panther A tanks concluded that the engine had an

3527:, Switzerland. Advertised as variant D/G hybrid, with an Ausf. D hull and Ausf. G turret. There are many questions surrounding this vehicle. The turret has a replacement sheet metal mantlet, vaguely resembling a late Ausf. G mantlet, with no ports for gunners sight or coaxial machine gun. The 1786:

around Caen, most of the terrain was open fields which allowed the Panther to engage the attacking enemy armour at long range — its combination of superior armour and firepower allowed it to engage at distances from which the Shermans could not respond. Conversely, by the time of the Normandy

685:

format – large, overlapping, interleaved road wheels with a "slack-track" using no return rollers for the upper run of track, also features shared with almost all German military half-track designs since the late 1930s – were repeated with the MAN design for the Panther. These multiple large,

3325:

In 1946, Sweden sent a delegation to France to examine surviving specimens of German military vehicles. During their visit, the delegates found a few surviving Panthers and had one shipped to Sweden for further testing and evaluation, which continued until 1961. The tank is on display in the

1123:

The Panther was rushed into combat before all of its teething problems had been corrected. Reliability was considerably improved over time, and the Panther proved to be a very effective fighting vehicle, although some of its design flaws, such as weak final drive, were never fully rectified.

2943:(literally: "narrow turrets") were built in 1944 with modified versions of the production Panther's 7.5 cm KwK 42 L/70 standard gun, which were given the designation of KwK 44/1. A few were captured and shipped back to the U.S. and Britain. One badly damaged turret is on display at the 6798:

Police in northern Germany have seized a World War Two tank which was being kept in a pensioner's cellar. The Panther tank was removed from the 78-year-old's house in the town of Heikendorf, along with a variety of other military equipment, including a torpedo and an anti-aircraft gun, Der

546:

components, shortage of fuel and training space, and the declining quality of crews all impacted the tank's effectiveness. Though officially classified as a medium tank, at 44.8 metric tons the Panther was closer in weight to contemporary foreign heavy tanks. The Panther's weight caused

1981:(steel sub-base). Some used normal production turrets, but most were reinforced with additional roof armour to withstand artillery fire. They housed ammunition storage and fighting compartment along with crew quarters. A total of 182 of these were installed in the fortifications of the 2502:

began in late 1943. First encounters with enemy tanks revealed that the 122 mm BR-471 shell could punch through the Panther's frontal armour at a range of 600–700 m (660–770 yd). The early results of the IS-2's combat employment, which were confirmed by firing tests in

1670:, and the attack was delayed several times because of their mechanical problems and to receive more Panthers, with the eventual start date of the battle only six days after the last Panthers had been delivered to the front. This resulted in major problems in Panther units during the 1541:

and accuracy of the full bore ammunition also made hitting targets much easier, since accuracy was less sensitive to errors in range estimation and increased the chance of hitting a moving target. The Panther's 75 mm gun had more penetrating power than the main gun of the

3531:

on the turret rear indicates an Ausf. A or early Ausf. G. The hull with the "letterbox" machine gun slot indicates an Ausf. D or early Ausf. A. The turret and hull numbers could help identify the correct model designation for the hybrid but neither of the numbers were made

1678:

only 184 operational Panthers. Within two days, this had dropped to 40. A report on 20 July 1943 showed 41 Panthers as operational, 85 as repairable, 16 severely damaged and needing repair in Germany, 56 burnt out because of enemy action, and two destroyed by motor fires.

1913:

by welding on additional plates, applying U.S.-style camouflage paint and markings. This was carried out as part of a larger operation that involved soldiers disguised as Americans to attack U.S. troops from the rear. The disguised Panthers were detected and destroyed.

2908:

One Panther II chassis was completed and eventually captured by the U.S.; it was displayed at the Patton Museum in Fort Knox until 2010. It has since been moved to the National Armor and Cavalry Museum at Ft. Benning, GA. An Ausf. G turret is mounted on this chassis.

1808:

Division, struggled in the heavy, low-lying bocage terrain west of Caen. Like the Sherman, the Panther struggled in the bocage country of Normandy, and was vulnerable to side and close-in attacks in the built-up areas of cities and small towns. The commander of the

1306:

Due to the constant operations as well as the shortage of spare parts, running gear could not be maintained and repaired as it should. For this reason, the running gear in the operational tanks is in very poor condition and has sometimes caused track and suspension

2905:

Panther II upgrade pathway was originally started at Hitler's insistence. The direction that the design was headed would not have been consistent with Germany's need for a mass-produced tank, which was the goal of the Reich Ministry of Armament and War Production.

1739: 1799:) prior to the D-Day landings. While limited numbers meant that during Normandy usually not more than one Sherman in each troop of four tanks was a Firefly variant, the lethality of the gun against German armour made them priority targets for German gunners. 2579:. The SU-100 quickly proved itself to be able to penetrate around 125 mm (4.9 in) of vertical armour from a range of 2,000 m (1.2 mi) and the sloped 80 mm (3.1 in) front armour of the Panther from 1,500 m (0.93 mi). 1550:, although the larger 88 mm projectile might inflict more damage if it did penetrate. The 75 mm HE round was inferior to the 88mm HE round used for infantry support, but was on par with most other 75mm HE rounds used by other tanks and assault guns. 3405: 1276:, with extra wheels providing better flotation and stability and more armour protection for the thin hull sides than systems with smaller or non-interleaved wheels; but its complexity meant that no other country ever adopted this design for their tanks. 4473: 1562:-like aperture, through which the machine gun was fired. In later Ausf. A and all Ausf. G models (starting in late November-early December 1943), a ball mount in the glacis plate with a K.Z.F.2 machine gun sight was installed for the hull machine gun. 3386: 1524:), the last of which was usually in short supply. While it was of a calibre common on Allied tanks, the Panther's gun was one of the most powerful of World War II, due to the large propellant charge and the long barrel, which gave it a very high 726:

Tiger's, which meant it could develop superior speed. But in the course of a year Hitler once again insisted on clapping so much armour on it, as well as larger guns, that it ultimately reached forty eight tons, the original weight of the Tiger.

2711:

from the side at ranges from 400 to 2,600 m (440 to 2,840 yd). The 76 mm gun could also not penetrate the front hull armour of the Panther, but could penetrate the Panther turret mantlet at very close range. In August 1944, the

1625:

The Ausf. A model introduced a new cast armour commander's cupola, replacing the forged cupola. It featured a steel hoop to which a third MG 34 or either the coaxial or the bow machine gun could be mounted for use in the anti-aircraft role.

6822: 700:, both recommended the DB design to Hitler because of its advantages over the initial MAN design. At the final submission, MAN refined its design, having learned from the DB proposal apparently through a leak by a former employee in the 3374: 2649:(a project begun in 1942) with the 17-pounder and other improved tank designs were under development. British and Commonwealth tank units in Normandy were initially equipped at the rate of one Firefly in a troop with three Shermans or 1697:

the bugs have been worked out", although many units continued to report significant mechanical problems, especially with the final drive. The greatly outnumbered Panthers came to be used as mobile reserves to fight off major attacks.

1724: 1405:

armour angled at 55 degrees from the vertical, welded but also interlocked with the side and bottom plates for strength. The combination of moderately thick and well-sloped armour meant that heavy Allied weapons, such as the Soviet

2994:

tank — and lower weight than the original turrets. A number of Ausf. F hulls were built at Daimler-Benz and Ruhrstahl-Hattingen steelworks; there is no evidence that any completed Ausf. F saw service before the end of the war.

1701:

progressively worsened for them. The last recorded status, on 15 March 1945, listed 740 on the Eastern Front, of which 361 were operational. By this time the Red Army had entered East Prussia and was advancing through Poland.

653:. It was driven from the rear drive sprocket with the turret situated forward. The incorporation of a diesel engine promised increased operational range, reduced flammability and allowed for better use of petroleum reserves. 2925:

After the Panther II project died, a more limited upgrade of the Panther was planned, centred around a re-designed turret. The Ausf. F variant was intended for production in April 1945, but the end of war ended these plans.

1290:

After about 1,500 - 1,800 km the tracks have great wear. In many cases the guide horns of the tracks bend outward or break. In four cases, the tracks had to be replaced when a whole series of reinforcement guide horns were

713:, while the DB design would have required a brand new turret and engine to be designed and produced, delaying the commencement of production. This time-saving measure compromised the subsequent development of the design. 2417:

The first production Panther tanks were plagued with mechanical problems. The engine was dangerously prone to overheating and suffered from connecting rod or bearing failures. Petrol leaks from the fuel pump or

601:

and MAN ensued. These designs were abandoned and Krupp dropped out of the competition entirely as the requirements increased to a vehicle weighing 30 tonnes, a direct reaction to the encounters with the Soviet

3421: 2426:

inoperative: 2/3 of them with engine breakdowns and 1/3 with and lateral transmission system." Fuel pump failures were also common. The Panther's operational rate at the end of July 1943 was only 16 percent.

1586:. The loader was stationed in the right side of the turret. With the turret facing forward, he had access only to the right sponson and hull ammunition, and so these served as the main ready-ammunition bins. 1613:

The front of the turret was a curved 100 mm (3.9 in) thick cast armour mantlet. Its transverse-cylindrical shape meant that it was more likely to deflect shells, but the lower section created a

3341:'s 503e Régiment de Chars de Combat with a force of 50 Panthers from 1944 to 1952, with about a dozen remaining in use by that time. In 1947, the French War Ministry wrote an evaluation of them entitled 1787:

Campaign, British divisional anti-tank regiments were well equipped with the excellent 17-pounder gun, and some U.S.-supplied M10 tank destroyers had their 3-inch gun replaced with the 17pdr (giving the

1744: 2696:, was delayed mainly by McNair's insistence on "battle need" and emphasis on producing only reliable, well-tested weapons, a reflection of America's 3,000 mi (4,800 km) supply line to Europe. 1312:

In September 1944, and again in March/April 1945, MAN built a limited number of Panthers with overlapping non-interleaved steel-rimmed 80 cm diameter road wheels originally designed for Henschel's

2743:

1945. A dramatic newsreel film was recorded by a U.S. Signal Corps cameraman of an M26 stalking and then blowing up a Panther in the city of Cologne, after the Panther had knocked out two M4 Shermans.

2975:

also addressed an inherent flaw with the earlier rounded mantlet in which incoming shots would ricochet off the lower half of the mantlet plate and go through the hull roof or into the turret ring.

1328:. The sleeve bearings were primarily used in the running gear; plans were also made to convert the transmission to sleeve bearings, but were not carried out due to the ending of Panther production. 3359:(REME). Nine Panthers and twelve Jagdpanthers were produced and shipped back to Britain for post-war trials. A complete Panther and a complete Jagdpanther from that production batch are now at the 6813: 1462:

The rear hull top armour was only 16 mm (0.63 in) thick, and had two radiator fans and four air intake louvres over the engine compartment that were vulnerable to strafing by aircraft.

1015: 2893:

powerplant, planned to be of some 1,150 shaft horsepower output and weighing only some 450 kg (992 lb) without its transmission, only some 38% of the weight of the Panther's standard

1356:

alloy shortages which made gears more brittle and prone to failure. To reach the final drive for repair, the entire driver's compartment and transmission had to be disassembled and lifted out.

3577:

Panther that was captured by French 2nd Armoured Division in Sept. 1944 after the Battle of Dompaire, originally from the 112th Panzer Brigade, on display at Musee des Blindes, Saumur, France

1840:

Bayerlein still appreciated the Panther's virtues used in the right conditions, writing: "An ideal vehicle for tank battles and infantry support. The best tank in existence for its weight".

2692:

in their standard armoured fighting vehicles prompted the U.S. Army to develop the more powerful 76 mm version of the M4 Sherman tank in April 1944. Development of a heavier tank, the

789:

unsuitable for the needs of mass production; even with streamlined production methods introduced later, Germany never approached the efficiency of Allied manufacturing during World War II.

4609:

the cost to produce a Panzer IV was 103,462 Reichsmark, while the cost for the Panther was 117,100. Comparison can also be made with the Tiger I, which cost 250,800 Reichsmark to produce.

2611:

Shortly before D-Day, Allied intelligence reported that large numbers of Panthers were being used in the Panzer divisions, and an attempt was made to investigate Panther production. Using

2449:(1st Battalion, 2nd Panzer Regiment) reported a distance of between 1,500 km to 1,800 km. Four of their seven Panthers were still combat ready without any transmission or engine failure." 3236:

given to Hungary in late 1944 because Romania switched sides. The Panthers took part in intense battles from early September 1944 to early 1945, fighting around the Carpathians, in the

2535:

self-propelled heavy howitzer was produced in large numbers throughout 1943, with the first SU-152s being issued to new heavy mechanised gun regiments raised in May 1943. It mounted a

2933:

behind a 120 mm (4.7 in) thick turret front plate. Another design drawing by Rheinmetall dated 1 March 1944 reduced the width of the turret front even further; this was the

1882:

A status report on 15 December 1944 listed an all-time high of 471 Panthers assigned to the Western Front, with 336 operational (71 percent). This was one day before the start of the

1163:

at 3,000 rpm and had three simple air filters. Starting in May 1943, Panthers were built using the 700 metric horsepower (690 hp, 515 kW) at 3,000 rpm, 23.1 litre

1708:

as mobile artillery and troop support. At least two of them were captured in the early days of the conflict and used in actions against the Germans, including the liberation of the

1459:

had caused vehicle fires. Panther crews were aware of the weak side armour and made augmentations by hanging track links or spare roadwheels onto the turret and/or the hull sides.

6674: 3611: 673:

axles per side. Because of the torsion bar suspension and the drive shaft running under the turret basket, the MAN Panther was higher and had a wider hull than the DB design. The

8304: 7710: 829: 1917:

In February 1945, eight Panzer divisions with a total of 271 Panthers were transferred from the West to the Eastern Front. Only five Panther battalions remained in the west.

2672:. An artilleryman by trade, he believed that tanks should concentrate on infantry support and exploitation roles and avoid enemy tanks, leaving them to be dealt with by the 2724:

I saw where some MkV tanks crossed a muddy field without sinking the tracks over five inches, where we in the M4 started across the same field the same day and bogged down

2494:

The Battle of Kursk convinced the Soviets of the need for even greater firepower. A Soviet analysis of the battle in August 1943 showed that a Corps artillery piece, the

1943: 1729: 6175:

Maj. Gen I. D. White. Exhibit No. 1: "Comparison of US equipment with Similar German Equipment". Report for Supreme Commander Allied Expeditionary Force. 20 March 1945.

3280:

Column of Romanian Panthers (Ausf. D and G), received after the war. A Nashorn (identified by the front armour configuration and 8.8 cm gun) can be seen in the far rear.

1168:

imperial gallons; 190 US gallons) of petrol, a fully fuelled Panther's range was 260 km (160 mi) on surfaced roads and 100 km (62 mi) cross country.

737:, as Hitler ordered that the Roman numeral "V" be deleted from its designation. In contemporary English-language literature it is sometimes referred to as the "Mark V". 3322:

Germany sold Japan a single Panther along with a Tiger in September 1943; by the time it was ready in 1944, it was impossible to ship due to Allied naval interdiction.

614:. The T-34 outclassed the existing models of the Panzer III and IV in certain metrics, such as effective armour thickness and gun caliber. At the insistence of General 3355:

The last production Panthers were produced at the factory just after the end of World War II, using available components, by German staff under the supervision of the

2516:

armour. However, the 122 mm HE shell would easily blow off the turret, drive sprocket and tread of the heaviest German tank even if it could not penetrate its armour.

8257: 6848: 4032:

Hull side, lower: 40 mm (1.6 in) at 90°; upper: 40 mm (1.6 in) at 50° (for Ausf. G: upper hull side changed to 50 mm (2.0 in) at 60°)

3725:, Colleville-sur-Mer (ex-Falaise August 1944 museum), France. Ausf. A. Cosmetically restored and displayed in a diorama representing a Wehrmacht field repair unit. 1131:

considered the Panther Germany's "most satisfactory" tank, saying it "would have been close to the ideal, had it been possible to design with a lower silhouette."

3684: 9011: 1364:

The Panther's main weakness was its final drive unit. The problems stemmed from several factors. The original MAN proposal had called for the Panther to have an

5696: 2616:

of February 1944 was 276. This indicated that the Panther would be encountered in much larger numbers than had previously been thought. In the planning for the

1855:

where the newly formed 112 Panzer Brigade was decimated, which included the loss of 34 Panthers, and few losses for the French in return. Soon after that, the

4029:

Hull front, lower: 60 mm (2.4 in) at 35°; upper: 80 mm (3.1 in) at 35° (for Ausf. G: lower hull front reduced to 50 mm (2.0 in))

7725: 3255:

received 13 Panther tanks from the USSR. They were initially used by the 1st Armoured Brigade, but in 1947 the equipment was ceded to the Soviet-organized "

1239:

The suspension consisted of front drive sprockets, rear idlers and eight double-interleaved rubber-rimmed steel road wheels on each side – in the so-called

1100:

on the rear appeared to him correct". He agreed that the "decisive factor was the possibility of quickly getting the tank into production". On 15 May 1942,

1101: 1447:

coating against magnetic mines started to be applied at the factory on late Ausf. D models beginning in September 1943; an order for field units to apply

665:

The MAN design embodied a more conventional configuration, with the transmission and drive sprocket in the front and a centrally mounted turret. It had a

3703: 2877:

tank and the Panther II, such as the transmission, all-steel eighty centimetre diameter roadwheels (only overlapping and not interleaved as the original

1068: 6761: 8965: 4091: 1847:

equipped with Panther tanks were sent into France to try to stop the Allied advance with counter-attacks. This culminated in a number of tank battles;

3746: 3659: 3181:

Although a technologically sophisticated vehicle, the Panther's design had a very limited influence on postwar tank development. The French postwar

2005:, and two for training and experimentation, for a total of 268 installations by March 1945. They proved costly to attack, and difficult to destroy. 7720: 6382: 7627: 6574: 1149: 3248:

the late 1940s. The final fate of these pillbox Panthers is unknown, but sources indicate that they were replaced and scrapped in the 1950s.

3648:

Private collector, Heikendorf, Germany. An almost intact Panther Ausf. G was found In July 2015 in the basement of a private residence near

1890:

operational Panthers left in the units involved in the operation, out of 282 still in their possession. Total writeoffs were listed as 198.

5857:

Panzertruppen Vol. 2: The Complete Guide to the Creation and Combat Employment of Germany's Tank Force, 1943-1945 by Thomas L. Jentz p. 184

2775:. A German Army status report dated 15 March 1945 showed 117 Panthers left in the entire Western Front, of which only 49 were operational. 1248: 2587: 1828: 1774:

The majority of the German tank forces in Normandy — six and a half divisions — were drawn into fighting the Anglo-Canadian forces of the

557:

The naming of Panther production variants did not follow alphabetical order, unlike most German tanks - the initial variant, Panther "D" (

6682: 1528:

and excellent armour-piercing qualities — among Allied tank guns of similar calibre, none had equivalent muzzle energy. Only the British

2676:

force, which was a mix of towed anti-tank guns and lightly armoured fighting vehicles with open-top turrets with 3-inch (76.2 mm) (

1317:

and late-series Tiger I Ausf. E tanks. These steel-rimmed wheels were introduced from hull number 121052 due to raw material shortages.

7523: 3485: 793: 1758: 776:. This was increased to 600 per month in January 1943. Despite determined efforts, this figure was never reached due to disruption by 3598: 3356: 1500:

with semi-automatic shell ejection and a supply of 79 rounds (82 on Ausf. G). The main gun used three different types of ammunition:

1465:

As the war progressed, Germany was forced to reduce or eliminate critical alloying metals in the production of armour plate, such as

1020: 792:

The Allies directed their bombing at the common bottleneck for both Panther and Tiger production: the Maybach engine plant. This was

182: 2013: 8580: 7618: 5686:

Panzertruppen 2 The Complete Guide to the Creation and Combat Employment of Germanys Tank Force 1943-1945 by Thomas L. Jentz p. 114

2445:

acceptable range, which is damning with faint praise." Guderian commented on the reliability: "From 6 March to 15 April 1944, the

1336: 762: 6350:

Germany's Panther tank the quest for combat supremacy; development, modifications, rare variants, characteristics, combat accounts

3476:, Koblenz, Germany. Ausf. G. Completed after the war in the Panther factory under supervision by UK REME engineers, used for tests 1501: 2857: 1227: 1485: 9006: 8080: 3634: 2640:

delayed, a stop-gap solution was found. The 17-pounder could through modifications be fitted to a Sherman, and orders for this

2118:

battalions, one of 96 Panzer IVs and one of 96 Panthers. Actual strengths tended to differ, and became far lower after losses.

1685: 6467:"Red Hammers", Soviet Self-Propelled Artillery and Lend Lease Armor 1941 - 1945, Soviet Order of Battle World War II, vol. XII 2971:

was used. This increased armour protection also had a slight weight saving due to the overall smaller size of the turret. The

7513: 7494: 7473: 7454: 7435: 7397: 7378: 7298: 7201: 7125: 7087: 7049: 7030: 7011: 6988: 6969: 6950: 6931: 6900: 6550: 6490: 6137: 6101: 6065: 5645: 5611: 4939: 4483: 4426: 4376: 4308: 2657:

with a gun similar to the 17-pounder had also replaced the 75 mm gun Sherman in some British units. The 17-pounder with

2498:, had done well against the German armoured fighting vehicles in that battle, and so development work on the 122 mm-equipped 5378: 1654: 1401: 8335: 1791:), making it equally as perilous for Panthers to attack across these same fields. The British had begun converting regular 1420: 3223:

employed a number of captured Panthers. These were repainted with prominent Soviet emblems and tactical markings to avoid

1517: 992: 8037: 6399:

Panzer Tracts / 20-1, Paper Panzers : Panzerkampfwagen, Sturmgeschütz, and Jagdpanzer : Panzerkampfwagen "Löwe"

3517:, which acquired it following V-E celebrations in May 1945. Spent two years in restoration prior to being put on display. 2025: 1091: 9001: 8782: 8272: 3488:, Australia. Ausf. A (restored to working order in 2020, previously owned by Rex & Rod Cadman Collection in the UK) 3232: 2476: 124: 4851: 4694: 4651:

Wilbeck 2004, pp. 30, 224. Original source referenced by Wilbeck: Heinz Guderian, Generalinspektur der Panzertruppen,

8852: 7416: 7359: 7340: 7321: 7252: 7163: 7144: 7106: 7068: 6655: 6523: 6407: 6358: 5837: 5826: 5704: 5559: 4595: 4345:

Panther & Its Variants (The Spielberger German Armor & Military Vehicles) by Walter J. Spielberger page 229.

3716: 3566: 3557:

projectile, with its two running wheels on the right side being hit and its crew killed when they abandoned the tank.

3168: 3014:-based, hull sidemount suspension system was proposed to replace the complex and costly dual torsion bar system. The 2833: 2536: 3627:

in the Ardennes region of Belgium. A Panther Ausf. G can be found in the village. It fell into the river during the

1079:

According to rough estimates, the labour hours required to produce one Panther were 25% higher in comparison to the

8996: 7279: 5776:"Gutachten über den Antriebsmotor HL 230 der schweren Panzerwagen (Forschungsführung des RdL und ObdL, 15.12.1943)" 5775: 5753: 3697: 2662: 2461:

countermeasures to the reported problems including worn gear teeth, parts, bearings, and insufficient lubrication.

1928: 1674:, as tactical training at the unit level, coordination by radio, and driver training were all seriously deficient. 1451:

to older versions of the Panther was issued in November 1943. In September 1944, orders to stop all application of

515: 5931: 3689: 3513:. In January 2008 a partially restored Panther Ausf. A was put on display. It had been donated to the museum from 2982:, with its better ballistic protection, and an extended front hull roof which was slightly thicker. The Ausf. F's 820: 3466:, Munster, Germany. Ausf. A command tank (the original engine replaced with a Daimler-Benz MB 837 Aa-500 from a 1963: 784:

The process of streamlining the production of German armoured fighting vehicles first began after Speer became a

7803: 1778:

around the town of Caen. The numerous operations undertaken to secure the town became collectively known as the

7182: 5131:

Comparison of penetration range data between the Panther and Tiger I: Jentz 1995, pp. 127–129 & Jentz 1997

3674: 3473: 3150: 2815: 1852: 1381:

drive gear to its flange proved unsatisfactory. This difficulty was subsequently overcome by...fitting bolts."

2572: 8842: 7118:

Panzertruppen 2: The Complete Guide to the Creation & Combat Employment of Germany's Tank Force 1943-1945

6624: 5719: 3809:

Width: 3.27 m (10 ft 9 in) (hull only), 3.42 m (11 ft 3 in) (with skirt plates)

3215:

British officers ride on a captured Panther tank in Italy June 1944, with early "letterbox" hull gun aperture

3146: 2811: 1410: 1208: 5415:"Пантера" против "пантер" // С. В. Андрианов. Последняя контратака. М. : ДОСААФ СССР, 1988. стр.126-159 1437:

were added. Intended to provide protection for the lower side hull from Soviet anti-tank rifles such as the

1429:

for the use of the Panther emphasized the importance of flank protection and 5 mm (0.20 in)-thick

8288: 7798: 7611: 4096: 4086: 2002: 1690: 1659: 758: 6055: 2608:(6 June 1944), the Panther was thought to be another heavy tank that would not be built in large numbers. 1191:, and a crankshaft pin between each disc. To reduce the length of the engine by an inch or so, and reduce 574: 8955: 8293: 8247: 7984: 6431: 5797:

Panzertruppen 2 The Complete Guide to the Creation and Combat Employment of Germanys Tank Force 1943-1945

3256: 1207:

were thus at the same spot with respect to the engine block's length rather than offset. This required a

781:

on 1 September 1944 at 2,304 tanks, but that same month a record number of 692 tanks were reported lost.

8012: 8007: 3538:, United Kingdom. Three Panthers in the collection, one being restored. Early Ausf. A (DEMAG production) 2873:

metric tons. Another meeting on 17 February 1943 focused on sharing and standardizing parts between the

2018: 1762:

A Panther Ausf. A tank of 12th SS Panzer division in Paris shortly before the Allied invasion, June 1944

8907: 8643: 8430: 6697: 3262: 3228:

spare parts and easy to repair that they could be used over a much longer period in combat conditions.

2646: 1406: 634:(MAN) were given the task of designing a new 30- to 35-tonne tank, designated VK 30.02, by April 1942. 52: 5015:

Armor-Piercing Ammunition for Gun, 90-mm, M3, Office of the Chief of Ordnance, Washington, D.C., 1945.

3200:

The Panther itself also saw some limited use outside the German military, both before and after 1945.

2653:. This ratio increased until, by the end of the war, half of the British Shermans were Fireflies. The 8917: 8912: 8595: 8585: 8242: 4173:

Wa Prüf 6 was the tank and motorised equipment department of the German arms procurement agency, the

3728: 3664: 3535: 3100: 3040: 2747:

tanks of the Western Allies were no longer German tanks, but infantry anti-tank weapons, such as the

7596: 4929: 4624:(in German), Publizistisches Archiv für Militär- und Waffenwesen, Nürnberg, 1976, pp. 143, 148, 150. 2990:— using twin matching armoured blisters, one on each turret side, much like the Americans' post-war 2429:

After measures taken by Maybach from the beginning of 1944, the reliability and service life of the

8450: 8328: 7702: 6597: 6176: 3447: 2661:

shot was more or less equivalent in performance to the Panther's 75 mm gun, but superior with

1735: 1720: 3380:

Panthers, already with bush camouflage attached, being transported by rail to the front in France.

2852: 8922: 8736: 8465: 8455: 7604: 3944:

Transmission: ZF AK 7-200 synchromesh manual coupled through Fichtel & Sachs LAG 3/70H clutch

3743:, United Kingdom. Ausf. F with Schmalturm. This is the only known remnant of the Ausf. F variant. 3415:

partially attached. They were difficult to maintain in place when travelling through heavy brush.

3309: 3139: 2987: 2804: 2540: 1188: 8057: 7531: 4890: 2947:. It had been used as a post-war range target until its historical significance was recognised. 8832: 8395: 8237: 8232: 7994: 5991:[Report on the IS-2, 29th Independent Guards Heavy Tank Regiment, Winter–Spring 1944]. 3582: 3463: 3457: 3337:

After the war, France was able to recover enough operable vehicles and components to equip the

3327: 2597: 1967: 1533: 1244: 777: 670: 119: 8141: 6781: 6125: 2433:] engine increased significantly, in practice equalling that of the HL120 engine found in the 1867: 8344: 6089: 4234: 3594: 3331: 2954:

Model of Panther II (with 80 cm diameter Tiger II wheels and transport tracks) with proposed

2950: 2944: 1570: 1219:

average life of 1,000 km (620 mi) and maximum life of 1,500 km (930 mi).

1111:

informed MAN that Hitler had decided in favour of the MAN design for the Panther and ordered

1106: 551: 550:

problems, such as an inability to cross certain bridges; otherwise, the tank had a very high

3597:, United Kingdom. Ausf. G. Completed after WWII in the Panther factory under supervision by 3004: 1893: 1817:, reported on the difficulties experienced by the Panther tank in the fighting in Normandy: 597:

series called for a fully tracked vehicle weighing 20 tonnes and design proposals by Krupp,

8867: 8822: 8098: 7765: 1804: 1767: 1184: 1128: 7788: 6814:"Second World War tank and anti-aircraft gun found hidden in basement of villa in Germany" 2929:

The earliest known redesign of the turret was dated 7 November 1943 and featured a narrow

2699:

An AGF (Armored Ground Forces) policy statement of November 1943 concluded the following:

1052: 833: 19:

This article is about the German World War II tank. For the modern South Korean tank, see

8: 8976: 8972: 8792: 8787: 8321: 7587: 7564: 7313: 4076: 3628: 3542: 3510: 3502: 3479: 3211: 2739: 2612: 1883: 1872: 1856: 499: 7793: 7214:; Brodie, Henry (March 1947). "An empirical approach to economic intelligence in WWII". 3751: 2668:

At the time, U.S. armour doctrine was dominated by the head of Army Ground Forces, Gen.

1886:; 400 of the tanks assigned to the Western Front were in units sent into the offensive. 1802:

In the meantime, U.S. forces, facing one and a half German panzer divisions, mainly the

8375: 8191: 8146: 8103: 7730: 7231: 7000: 6568: 6376: 6152:

Higgins, David R. (2014). Jagdpanther vs SU-100. Eastern Front 1945. Osprey Publishing.

4186:

Some sources state that only a pre-production run of 20 Panthers used the HL210 engine.

3765: 3673:, Netherlands. The only known complete surviving Ausf. D. This tank was donated by the 3588: 3550: 3252: 3186: 3106: 3085: 2864:. The turret on display was not originally fitted to this hull and was installed later. 2731: 2685: 2677: 2617: 1910: 1848: 1414: 1349: 766: 657:

considered a diesel engine imperative for the new tank. DB's proposal used an external

547: 8227: 7770: 7760: 5754:"Evaluación del motor Maybach HL 230 (Forschungsführung des RdL und ObdL, 15.12.1943)" 796:

and production halted for five months. A second factory had already been planned, the

8653: 7582: 7554: 7509: 7490: 7469: 7450: 7431: 7412: 7393: 7374: 7355: 7336: 7317: 7294: 7266: 7258: 7248: 7197: 7178: 7159: 7140: 7121: 7102: 7083: 7064: 7045: 7026: 7007: 6984: 6965: 6946: 6927: 6896: 6651: 6556: 6546: 6519: 6496: 6486: 6413: 6403: 6364: 6354: 6133: 6097: 6061: 5641: 5607: 5555: 5161: 4935: 4686: 4591: 4557: 4479: 4422: 4372: 4304: 3560: 3520: 3467: 3316: 3069: 3011: 2627: 2601: 2544: 1788: 1667: 1583: 1365: 1176: 1160: 6728: 6482:

Days of Battle : Armoured Operations North of the River Danube, Hungary 1944-45

3297: 3266: 1958:

From 1943, Panther turrets were mounted in fixed fortifications known officially as

1566: 8892: 8827: 8772: 8252: 8136: 8130: 8124: 8052: 7735: 7223: 7194:

Foreign Panthers: The Panzer V in British, Soviet, French and Other Service 1943-58

5988: 4852:

https://www.panzer-elmito.org/tanques/panther/documentos/I-PzRgt2_22-4-1944_002.jpg

3678: 3194: 2719:

worse cross country mobility due to their narrower tracks. A U.S. corporal stated:

1172: 20: 8488: 7841: 5838:

http://www.panzer-elmito.org/tanques/panther/documentos/I-PzRgt2_22-4-1944_001.jpg

5827:

http://www.panzer-elmito.org/tanques/panther/documentos/I-PzRgt2_22-4-1944_000.jpg

3301: 3244:. The last surviving Panthers were reported to be lost in Slovakia by early 1945. 1713: 1199:, the two banks of 6 cylinders of the V-12 were not offset: the "big ends" of the 8862: 8797: 8623: 8565: 8560: 8528: 7846: 7557:– PDF file listing the Panther tanks still in existence (as of October 2023) 7484: 7211: 6921: 6748: 4620:

Zetterling and Frankson 2000, pp. 61, 64–65, 70–71. Referencing: Pawlas, Karl R.

4585: 4081: 3775: 3740: 3722: 3360: 3285: 3270: 3237: 2901: 2847: 2645:

performance of British tank designs in North Africa. There were also 200 interim

2641: 2495: 2480: 2041: 1902: 1814: 1796: 1775: 1705: 1671: 1529: 1525: 1417:, were needed to assure penetration of the upper glacis at normal combat ranges. 1112: 542: 30:"Panzer V" redirects here. For the Rheinmetall PzKpfw NbFz V prototype tank, see 8313: 4590:. Cass Series on the Soviet (Russian) Study of War. Routledge (published 2016). 8887: 8882: 8877: 8872: 8857: 8847: 8812: 8802: 8719: 8714: 8686: 8676: 8513: 8166: 8161: 7823: 4139: 3789: 3734: 3451: 2673: 2632: 2552: 1986: 1924: 1779: 1394: 1321: 1200: 1192: 804: 615: 332: 31: 7828: 3677:

after liberation of Breda. It was restored in 2004–2005 for static display by

2991: 8990: 8807: 8668: 8638: 8633: 8628: 8618: 8613: 8590: 8222: 8206: 7881: 7745: 7270: 6560: 6500: 6417: 6368: 4149: 4145: 3907: 3899: 3826: 3396: 3345:. These remained in service despite being partially replaced by French-built 3305: 3224: 3203: 3190: 2894: 2756: 2748: 2689: 2669: 2650: 2631:

A preserved Sherman Firefly Mk Ic (2008); its gun barrel is painted with the

2571:

tank destroyer saw extensive service, when Soviet forces defeated the German

2430: 1982: 1709: 1547: 1497: 1430: 1373: 1325: 1253: 1164: 1156: 765:(MNH, a subsidiary of Eisenwerk Wülfel) and the Tiger I's original designer, 666: 650: 398: 395: 353: 8065: 7755: 7750: 7570: 5165: 3497: 1320:

From November 1944 through February 1945, a conversion process began to use

8932: 8927: 8837: 8817: 8648: 8605: 8535: 8460: 8445: 8262: 8201: 8196: 8186: 8150: 8047: 7740: 7658: 7653: 7578: 7333:

Sledgehammers: Strengths and Flaws of Tiger Tank Battalions in World War II

6893:

Panzer Tracts – No.5-4 Panzerkampfwagen Panther II and Panther Ausführung F

4129: 3095: 2693: 2604:

in Italy, where Panthers were employed in small numbers. Until just before

2576: 1340:

The Panther transmission had to be removed from the hull to effect repairs.

1067:. These figures did not include the cost of the armaments and radio. Using 1005: 705: 697: 654: 619: 598: 578: 511: 375: 236: 178: 144: 114: 76: 24: 8483: 6540: 6480: 6397: 3110:– self-propelled anti-aircraft gun project, planned to be armed with twin 2050:

Battalion Command (composed of Communication and Reconnaissance Platoons)

1424:

Panther with track segments hung on the turret sides to augment the armour

772:

The initial production target was 250 tanks per month at the MAN plant at

8696: 8540: 8508: 8503: 8498: 8493: 8475: 8400: 8390: 8171: 8108: 8022: 8017: 7979: 7974: 7969: 7964: 7959: 7891: 7780: 7560: 5155: 5153: 4200:

the 7.5 cm KwK 40 HE round contained 0.66 kg of amatol (2760 Kilojoules).

3864: 3641:, USA. Four Panthers in the collection: Ausf. A; Ausf. G; late Ausf. G; 3528: 3338: 3276: 3240:

and around Polgár, later making a fighting withdrawal north-west towards

3058: 3018:

would have been used, likely with a variant of the 8.8 cm L/71 gun.

2930: 2752: 2681: 2419: 1998: 1994: 1951: 1792: 1605: 1599: 1594: 1494: 1345: 754: 750: 710: 704:, senior engineer Heinrich Ernst Kniepkamp and others. On 5 March 1942, 658: 638: 507: 427: 322:

5 (driver, radio operator/hull machine gunner, commander, gunner, loader)

242: 66: 7808: 7080:

Zitadelle: The German Offensive Against the Kursk Salient 4–17 July 1943

3788:

Crew: 5 (driver, radio operator/bow machine gunner, gunner, loader, and

3315:

One captured vehicle (named "Cuckoo") also saw service with the British

3269:

armoured platoon on a captured German Panther, 2 August 1944 during the

8706: 8681: 8545: 8523: 8385: 8370: 8352: 8181: 8176: 8156: 8070: 7954: 7949: 7906: 7866: 7861: 7832: 7813: 7663: 7574: 7235: 5939: 4561: 4135: 4125: 3941:

Fuel capacity: 730 L (160 imp gal; 190 US gal)

3903: 3653: 3642: 3638: 3624: 3616: 3549:, Netherlands. Ausf. G. This tank was abandoned by its crew during the 3514: 3349: 3153: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 3064: 3045: 2939: 2890: 2861: 2818: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2772: 2760: 2654: 2621: 2434: 1538: 1474: 1273: 1268: 1180: 1153: 1080: 1056: 1048: 797: 749:

of the MAN design was produced by September 1942 and, after testing at

693: 646: 623: 586: 526: 392: 193: 6890: 4551: 4298: 3399:

attached, intended to supplement the side armour above the roadwheels.

1723:, one captured ex-German "Panther" tank with an experienced crew from 8756: 8691: 8550: 8440: 8420: 8415: 8380: 8360: 7944: 7939: 7934: 7929: 7924: 7919: 7896: 7856: 7668: 7648: 7626: 7278:

Scafeş, Cornel I; Şerbănescu, Horia Vladimir; Scafeş, Ioan I (2005).

6348: 6015: 5896: 4698: 3289: 2438: 1615: 1559: 1060: 837: 773: 746: 611: 607: 590: 585:

The Panther was born out of a project started in 1938 to replace the

530: 269: 7227: 3128: 2793: 8777: 8746: 8658: 8435: 7914: 7851: 7683: 7643: 6766: 3803: 3645:

hull (with late Ausf. G turret added as placeholder after the war).

3546: 3431:

gantry was indispensable to maintain the Panther tank in the field.

3241: 3220: 2968: 2874: 2764: 1470: 1443: 1368:(planetary) system in the final drive, similar to that used in the 1314: 1204: 1196: 800: 674: 627: 265: 6632: 2555:, capable of knocking out the heaviest German armoured vehicles — 533:. Nevertheless, it served alongside the Panzer IV and the heavier 8937: 8767: 8741: 8405: 8365: 8075: 7876: 7871: 7678: 7590: 4115: 4109: 4054: 3656:; with its future remaining unclear subject of the ongoing trial. 3111: 2883: 2768: 2560: 2556: 2548: 2524: 2519: 2504: 2486: 1876: 1543: 1509: 1438: 1369: 1073: 1064: 678: 642: 534: 518:

of World War II from mid-1943 to the end of the war in May 1945.

7262: 4794:

Tank Power 08 - PzKpfw.V Panther vol 8 by Waldemar Trojca p. 27.

4102: 1235:

interleaved wheels on a Panther made maintenance more difficult.

8518: 8002: 7886: 7635: 5078:

Jentz 1995, pp. 47, 82. photos of modified Panthers pp. 150–151

3919: 3604: 3346: 3308:

concentration camp. At least one captured tank was used by the

3182: 2887: 2613:

a statistical analysis of the serial numbers on the road wheels

2568: 2532: 1833: 1783: 1466: 1397: 1300:

The guide horns are probably too weak because they bend easily.

1279:

The Inspector General of Armoured Troops reported in May 1944:

1116: 631: 159: 8305:

German armored fighting vehicle production during World War II

7693: 4323:

Wehrtechnische Gemeinschaft des VDI in Berlin 1945 February 7.

8267: 7715: 6625:"Under new command, "Cuckoo", a Panther G in British service" 4254:

Walter J Spielberger 1993, Panther & Its Variants p. 244.

4245:

Walter J Spielberger 1993, Panther & Its Variants p. 232.

3990:

Primary gun sight: Leitz TZF 12 (for Ausf. A and G: TZF 12a)

3670: 3573: 3089: 2658: 2605: 1554: 681:

tank's suspension/drive components, using its characteristic

594: 378: 261: 7156:

Germany's Tiger Tanks - Tiger I and Tiger II: Combat Tactics

6213:

AGF policy statement. Chief of staff AGF. November 1943. MHI

5379:"Pudel & Felek – Polish Panthers in the Warsaw Uprising" 5157:

German Explosive Ordnance (Projectiles and Projectile Fuzes)

5133:

Germany's Tiger Tanks – Tiger I and Tiger II: Combat Tactics

4667: 4664:

Walter J Spielberger 1993, Panther & Its Variants p. 23.

4301:

Panzer Tracts – No.5-1 Panzerkampfwagen Panther Ausführung D

4197:

German Explosive Ordnance (Projectiles and Projectile Fuzes)

3762:

Fort IX of the Warsaw Fortress, Warsaw, Poland. Ausf. G hull

2917: 2900:

Thus, plans to replace the original Panther design with the

1931:. By the end of the war, he had some 80 tank kills claimed. 1083:(i.e. four Panthers for every five Panzer III tanks built). 8902: 8897: 8729: 8724: 8575: 8570: 8425: 8410: 8027: 6943:

British Armoured Divisions and their Commanders 1939 - 1945

5510: 5508: 4119: 3649: 3554: 3524: 3185:

tank prototype was indirectly influenced by it through the

2712: 2499: 1203:

of each cylinder pair in the "V" where they mated with the

1072:

cost. By comparison the total cost of the early production

603: 522: 464: 7196:. New Vanguard. Vol. 313. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. 6782:"Germany: WW2 Panther tank seized from pensioner's cellar" 6762:"Das ist der Weltkriegs-Panzer aus dem Keller in Holstein" 5287: 5285: 3878:

Ground contact length: 3.92 m (12 ft 10 in)

3825:

Road speed: 55 km/h (34 mph) (at 3,000 rpm with

2591:

Panther tank with bush camouflage in Northern France, 1944

1095:

The crew of a Panther on Eastern Front pose for photograph

689:

The two designs were reviewed from January to March 1942.

4554:

Panzer Tracts – No.23 Panzer Production from 1933 to 1945

3869:

Shock absorbers: on 2nd and 7th swing arms on either side

3652:, seized by the police and later transported away by the 1558:"letterbox" flap enclosing its underlying thin, vertical 1344:

Steering was accomplished through a seven-speed AK 7-200

812:

the tanks in the field had to be cannibalised for parts.

6998:

Green, Michael; Anderson, Thomas; Schulz, Frank (2000).

5505: 5154:

Departments of the Army and the Air Force (March 1953).

4655:, written by Josef von Glatter-Goetz (n.p., 1943), p. 91 2937:(Panther with narrow gun mantlet). Several experimental 2017:

Panzerbefehlswagen Panther Ausf. A (Sd.Kfz. 267) of the

1609:

Panther Ausf. G with anti-ricochet 'chin' on its mantlet

438:

730 litres (160 imp gal; 190 US gal)

286:

8.66 m (28 ft 5 in) (with cannon forward)

5282: 4797: 3925:

Power: 700 metric horsepower (690 hp) at 3,000 rpm

3756:

LWL Industrial Museum, Hattingen, Germany. Ausf. A hull

1140:

gunner, whose tasks also included operating the radio.

7277: 7099:

Germany's Panther Tank: The Quest for Combat Supremacy

6849:"La collection de l'Omaha Overlord Museum prend place" 6631:. No. 103. Translated by Rob Plas. Archived from 6346: 6057:

World War 2 In Review No. 32: Soviet Fighting Vehicles

5973: 5971: 5485: 5483: 3976:

Main gun: 75 mm (3.0 in) Kwk 42 L/70 cannon

3802:

Length: 8.86 m (29 ft 1 in) (including

3078:

Panther – command tank with additional radio equipment

3072:-hulled tank destroyer with the 88 mm L/71 cannon 1712:

concentration camp on 5 August, when the soldiers of "

1666:

The Panther tank was seen as a necessary component of

1261:

The Panther's suspension was over-engineered, and the

1051:(RM) to produce. This compared with 82,500 RM for the 3912:

Displacement: 23.095 litres (1,409.3 cu in)

1862: 1455:

were issued, based on false rumours that hits on the

1247:. The dual torsion bar system, designed by Professor 1076:

in 1942–1943 was stated to be as high as 800,000 RM.

7524:"Germany's Panzerkampfwagen V, Panther, Sd.Kfz. 171" 5989:"Эксплуатация ИС-2 в 29 ГвТТП, зима-весна 1944 года" 5604:

Germany's Tiger Tanks: Tiger I and II combat tactics

5248: 5246: 4847: 4845: 4709: 4707: 4622:

Datenblätter fur Heeres-Waffen, Fahrzeuge und Gerät,

4440: 4438: 4412: 4410: 4353: 4351: 3847:

Vertical obstacle: 0.9 m (2 ft 11 in)

3292:

captured and used two Panther tanks. One, nicknamed

3193:, the Panther was arguably a forebear to the modern 3189:, but never entered series production. According to 2958:, with stereoscopic sight bulges on the turret sides 1966:" because the practice first encountered during the 1905:

commando mission included five Panthers assigned to

1689:

An early Panther Ausf. D supporting infantry on the

6997: 6669: 6667: 5968: 5480: 4294: 4292: 3884:

Ground pressure: 0.74 kg/cm (10.5 lbf/in)

2596:behind yet again. They had developed the excellent 1372:. Germany suffered from a shortage of gear-cutting 836:assault gun/tank destroyer at 9,408 units, and the 709:the MAN design used an existing turret designed by 8966:List of armoured fighting vehicles of World War II 7503: 6999: 6812: 5327:Frieser, p. 159. Cites Zetterling & Frankson: 5294: 4583: 4092:List of armoured fighting vehicles of World War II 3850:Trench crossing: 2.45 m (8 ft 0 in) 2755:, infantry anti-tank guns, such as the ubiquitous 8343: 7628:German armoured fighting vehicles of World War II 7352:Soviet Tanks and Combat Vehicles of World War Two 5897:"Средний танк Т-34-85 - История создания Т-34-85" 5243: 5018: 4842: 4704: 4435: 4407: 4360: 4348: 3806:), 6.87 m (22 ft 6 in) (hull only) 3759:Vogel Collection, Nürnberg, Germany. Ausf. A hull 2127:Percentage of late war panzer models operational 2036:battalion with 96 Panthers which constituted the 1704:In August 1944 Panthers were deployed during the 1569:with the later Ausf. A and Ausf. G receiving the 1400:plate (the main front hull armour piece), but as 808:MNH was not attacked until 14 and 28 March 1945. 8988: 7222:(237). American Statistical Association: 72–91. 6689: 6664: 4545: 4289: 2912: 1324:in the Panther tank, as there was a shortage of 731:On 27 February 1944, it was redesignated simply 303:3.42 m (11 ft 3 in) (with skirts) 208:1943–1945 (1946–49 postwar for the British Army) 7486:Armored Champion: The Top Tanks of World War II 7216:Journal of the American Statistical Association 7191: 6891:Thomas L. Jentz and Hilary Louis Doyle (2003). 5894: 4552:Thomas L. Jentz and Hilary Louis Doyle (2011). 4299:Thomas L. Jentz and Hilary Louis Doyle (2003). 4058:Armour thickness chart for Panther Ausf. A tank 3928:Fuel consumption: 2.77 L/km (1.02 mpg 3501:The restored Panther Ausf. A on display at the 1843:Through September and October, a series of new 521:The Panther was intended to counter the Soviet 198:143,912 ℛ︁ℳ︁ (combat ready) 9012:Military vehicles introduced from 1940 to 1944 7284:(in Romanian). Bucureşti: Editura Oscar Print. 7192:Robinson, M. P. & Seignon, Thomas (2022). 6402:. Hilary L. Doyle. Boyds, Md.: Panzer Tracts. 6171: 6169: 6167: 6013: 6007: 5717: 5447: 5445: 5443: 4050:Gun mantlet: 100 mm (3.9 in) rounded 4038:Turret front: 100 mm (3.9 in) at 78° 2551:. Because of its adopted role as an impromptu 1642:51 (Tank Battalion 51) on 9 January, and then 8329: 7612: 7504:Zetterling, Niklas; Frankson, Anders (2000). 7466:Panther vs. Sherman: Battle of the Bulge 1944 7210: 7042:Panther: Germany's quest for combat dominance 6723: 6721: 6719: 6622: 5869:Panther vs. Sherman: Battle of the Bulge 1944 5033:Wa Pruef 1 penetration range tests 5 Oct 1944 4931:Panther vs. Sherman: Battle of the Bulge 1944 4584:Zetterling, Niklas; Frankson, Anders (2000). 4103:Tanks of comparable role, performance and era 3493:More or less intact, but not in working order 1920:One of the top German Panther commanders was 564: 7281:Trupele Blindate din Armata Română 1919-1947 4047:Turret, top: 16 mm (0.63 in) at 5° 4044:Turret rear: 45 mm (1.8 in) at 65° 4041:Turret side: 45 mm (1.8 in) at 65° 3872:Track type: Kgs 64/660/150 dual centre guide 1973:Two types of turret emplacements were used: 1331: 1120:(3.1 in) to 100 mm (3.9 in). 990: 957: 940: 922: 716:Albert Speer recounted in his autobiography 130: 23:. For the modern Rheinmetall KF51 tank, see 7307: 7137:Germany's Tiger Tanks - VK45.02 to Tiger II 6381:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 6164: 6132:. St. Paul, MN: Zenith Press. p. 104. 6096:. Sterling Publishing Company. p. 41. 6094:The Encyclopedia of Weapons of World War II 5440: 5042:British Dept. Tank Design study 24 May 1944 3987:Elevation: +18°/-8° (for Ausf. F: +20°/-8°) 3815:Combat weight: 44.8 tonnes (99,000 lb) 3771:Panzer Farm, Nasielsk, Poland. Ausf. A hull 977:Panther production in 1944 by manufacturer 8961: 8336: 8322: 7619: 7605: 7528:World War II Vehicles, Tanks and Airplanes 7039: 6959: 6716: 6573:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 6123: 4262: 4260: 4035:Hull rear: 40 mm (1.6 in) at 60° 3812:Height: 2.99 m (9 ft 10 in) 3486:The Australian Armour and Artillery Museum 3118: 3021: 1897:Panther disguised as an M10 tank destroyer 1537:after perforation of the armour. The flat 1441:, the armour was fitted on the hull side. 1175:design, and it kept the space between the 541:The Panther was rushed into combat at the 7577:(along with description of skirmish with 7101:. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Military History. 6587:Scafeş, Şerbănescu and Scafeş 2005, p. 41 6478: 6432:"Panzerkampfwagen V Panther Sd. Kfz. 171" 6126:"Red Army Solutions for the Tiger E Tank" 5376: 4282: 4280: 4278: 4276: 4274: 4272: 3853:Fording: 1.9 m (6 ft 3 in) 3357:Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers 3300:'s armoured platoon under the command of 3169:Learn how and when to remove this message 2834:Learn how and when to remove this message 2475:Soviet 85 mm anti-aircraft gun, the 2008: 1782:. While there were areas of heavy wooded 1753: 1633: 1622:of the war with the rounded gun mantlet. 1148:The first 250 Panthers were powered by a 830:produced German armoured fighting vehicle 561:), was followed by "A" and "G" variants. 475:46 km/h (29 mph) (later models) 472:55 km/h (34 mph) (early models) 6940: 6919: 6698:"The Chieftain's Hatch: French Panthers" 6542:Tanks of Hitler's eastern allies 1941-45 6124:Green, Michael; Brown, James D. (2008). 5986: 4839:Green, Anderson & Schulz 2000, p. 80 4053: 3950:Steering: MAN single-radius clutch-brake 3610: 3572: 3496: 3275: 3261: 3210: 3202: 3044: 2949: 2916: 2858:U.S. Army Armor & Cavalry Collection 2851: 2626: 2586: 2518: 2485: 2012: 1942: 1892: 1866: 1827: 1757: 1684: 1653: 1604: 1593: 1484: 1419: 1335: 1226: 1171:The HL230 P30 engine was a very compact 1090: 819: 573: 7409:Soviet Tanks of the Great Patriotic War 7330: 7175:Germany's Tiger Tanks - D.W. to Tiger I 6978: 6146: 6053: 5635: 4471: 4416: 4366: 4257: 2978:The Panther Ausf. F would have had the 2582: 1795:to carry the 17-pounder gun (nicknamed 1565:Initial Ausf. D were equipped with the 593:tanks. The initial requirements of the 456:Cross-country: 100 km (62 mi) 410:15.39 PS (11.5 kW/tonne) (13.77 hp/ton) 8989: 7482: 7463: 7444: 7425: 7406: 7387: 7368: 7349: 7040:Green, Michael; Green, Gladys (2012). 6695: 6645: 6538: 6513: 6087: 5932:"Development History of the JS-1/JS-2" 5866: 5720:"From the Editor: Panther Reliability" 5689: 5549: 4927: 4821:Panther by Thomas Anderson 2017, p. 47 4812:Spielberger 1993, pp. 22, 61, 122, 156 4269: 3731:, United Kingdom. Two Ausf. A Panthers 3631:and was later retrieved as a memorial. 3114:37 mm guns in an armoured turret 2778: 1750:spare parts and maintenance problems. 1183:was composed of seven "discs" or main 1016:Maschinenfabrik Niedersachsen Hannover 8317: 7756:10.5 cm leFH18/3 (Sf) auf G.W. B-2(f) 7600: 7593:, Military History Visualised channel 7288: 7172: 7153: 7134: 7115: 7096: 7077: 7020: 7002:German Tanks of World War II in color 6635:on 5 June 2004 – via twenot.nl. 6395: 5895:Eugene Boldyrev (20 September 2005). 5778:. Panzer-elmito.org. 15 December 1943 5640:. Osprey Publishing Ltd. p. 33. 5601: 5554:. Osprey Publishing Ltd. p. 21. 5550:Zaloga, Steven J (10 November 2005). 3875:Track width: 660 mm (26 in) 3832:Road range: 260 km (160 mi) 3436: 2738:The high American tank losses in the 2543:heavy tank. Later production used an 2137: 2134: 2131: 1598:Panther Ausf. A with regular rounded 1576: 970:61 more converted from rebuilt hulls 815: 763:Maschinenfabrik Niedersachsen Hanover 129:Limited use by other militaries (see 7242: 7058: 6825:from the original on 12 January 2022 6810: 6742:Sd Kfz 171 Panzerkampfwagen V Ausf G 6060:. Hoosick Falls, NY: Merriam Press. 6014:Valery Potapov (22 September 2005). 4556:. Boyds, MD: Jentz. pp. 60–65. 4421:. Osprey Publishing Ltd. p. 9. 4371:. Osprey Publishing Ltd. p. 4. 3979:Rounds carried: 79 (for Ausf. G: 82) 3965: 3836: 3706:, Świnoujście, Poland. Pantherturm I 3635:U.S. Army Armor & Cavalry Museum 3151:adding citations to reliable sources 3122: 2897:V-12 gasoline-fueled piston engine. 2816:adding citations to reliable sources 2787: 2060:Reconnaissance Platoon – 5 × Panther 794:bombed the night of 27/28 April 1944 677:company's design concepts for their 632:Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg AG 622:(DB), which designed the successful 7245:The Ninth Air Force in World War II 6836:damaged battle tanks off the field. 6485:. Havertown: Helion & Company. 5743:Jentz 1995, p. 47, p. 62 and p. 139 5144:Zetterling and Frankson 2000, p. 61 4574:Ruggles and Brodie 1947, pp. 72–91. 4303:. Boyds, MD: Jentz. pp. 5–72. 3700:, Pirmasens, Germany. Pantherturm I 3034: 2759:, and tank destroyers, such as the 2635:pattern used to disguise its length 2547:tank chassis and was re-designated 1851:(12-14 September 1944) against the 196:(without weapons, optics, or radio) 13: 7506:Kursk 1943: A Statistical Analysis 7247:. Fallbrook, CA: Aero Publishers. 6960:Doyle, Hilary; Jentz, Tom (1997). 6204:pp. 43–48, 72–77, 115–116, 120–125 5952:The IS tanks, Mikhail Baryatinskiy 5718:tankandafvnews (8 February 2015). 4587:Kursk 1943: A Statistical Analysis 4398: 3717:Sinsheim Auto & Technik Museum 3567:Sinsheim Auto & Technik Museum 3543:National War and Resistance Museum 3207:A captured Panther in Red Army use 3052:on display at Saumur armour museum 2464: 1929:2nd SS-Panzer Regiment "Das Reich" 1863:Western Front – Ardennes offensive 1721:Lower Silesian offensive operation 1489:Main armament: 75 mm KwK 42 (L/70) 1393:Initial production Panthers had a 935:Converted on the production line 314:2.99 m (9 ft 10 in) 300:3.27 m (10 ft 9 in) 283:6.87 m (22 ft 6 in) 14: 9023: 7548: 7468:. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. 7354:. London: Arms and Armour Press. 7044:. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. 6853:La renaissance - Le Bessin Bayeux 6681:. 10 January 2008. Archived from 6650:. Osprey Publishing. p. 17. 5402:Borkiewicz-Celińska, Anna (1990) 4478:. Osprey Publishing. p. 12. 3984:Turret traversal rate: 24°/second 3782: 1871:Burnt out Panther Ausf. G at the 993:Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg 641:design resembled the T-34 in its 581:examines a T-34 tank in June 1943 8960: 8951: 8950: 7692: 7489:. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole. 7449:. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole. 6895:. Boyds, MD: Jentz. p. 59. 6884: 6875: 6866: 6841: 6804: 6774: 6754: 6735: 6696:Singer, Mark (7 November 2012). 6639: 6616: 6590: 6581: 6532: 6507: 6472: 6459: 6446: 6424: 6389: 6340: 6331: 6322: 6313: 6304: 6295: 6286: 6277: 6264: 6251: 6238: 6225: 6216: 6207: 6194: 6181: 6155: 6117: 6081: 6047: 6034: 6018:[122 mm tank gun D-25]. 5987:Pasholok, Yuri (20 April 2014). 5980: 5955: 5946: 5924: 5915: 5888: 5875: 5860: 5851: 5842: 5831: 5820: 5811: 5802: 5790: 5768: 5746: 5737: 5711: 5680: 5667: 5654: 5629: 5620: 5595: 5586: 5577: 5574:Doyle and Jentz 1997, pp. 20–22. 5568: 5552:D-Day Fortifications in Normandy 5543: 5530: 5517: 5492: 5467: 5458: 5427: 5418: 5409: 5396: 5370: 4997:Green and Green 2012, p. 234-236 4979:Green and Green 2012, p. 233-234 4203: 3420: 3404: 3385: 3373: 3127: 2792: 2647:Cruiser Mk VIII Challenger tanks 1938: 1649: 649:and was also to be powered by a 418:ZF AK 7-200. 7 forward 1 reverse 51: 8118:Experimental/prototype vehicles 7567:(in restored working condition) 6912: 6347:Jentz, Thomas L. 1946- (1995). 5377:Stevenson, John (August 2019). 5361: 5352: 5343: 5334: 5321: 5312: 5303: 5273: 5264: 5255: 5234: 5225: 5212: 5199: 5190: 5181: 5172: 5147: 5138: 5125: 5112: 5099: 5090: 5081: 5072: 5063: 5054: 5045: 5036: 5027: 5009: 5000: 4991: 4982: 4973: 4964: 4955: 4921: 4908: 4883: 4874: 4865: 4856: 4833: 4824: 4815: 4806: 4788: 4779: 4770: 4761: 4752: 4743: 4734: 4725: 4716: 4680: 4658: 4645: 4636: 4627: 4614: 4577: 4568: 4532: 4523: 4510: 4501: 4492: 4465: 4456: 4447: 4385: 4189: 4180: 4167: 3585:, Saumur, France. Ausf. A and G 3138:needs additional citations for 2921:Side view of the Ausf. F turret 2803:needs additional citations for 2490:IS-2 at the Kubinka Tank Museum 1638:Panthers were supplied to form 828:The Panther was the third most 525:medium tank and to replace the 453:Road: 260 km (160 mi) 7430:. Reading: Osprey Publishing. 7310:The Panther & Its Variants 6983:. Reading: Osprey Publishing. 5638:Panther vs. T-34: Ukraine 1943 5160:. Washington, DC: U.S. G.P.O. 4475:Panther vs. T-34: Ukraine 1943 4419:Panther vs. T-34: Ukraine 1943 4369:Panther vs. T-34: Ukraine 1943 4339: 4326: 4317: 4248: 4239: 4223: 3474:Wehrtechnische Studiensammlung 3005:Entwicklung series § E-50 2121: 1979:Pantherturm I – Stahluntersatz 1359: 500:ordnance inventory designation 381:machine guns with 5,100 rounds 213: 97:1944–1945 (Kingdom of Hungary) 1: 9007:World War II tanks of Germany 8345:Tanks of the Second World War 7392:. London: Osprey Publishing. 7373:. London: Osprey Publishing. 7371:T-34/76 Medium Tank 1941-1945 7331:Wilbeck, Christopher (2004). 6981:Panther Vs T-34: Ukraine 1943 6811:Hall, Melanie (3 July 2015). 6799:Tagesspiegel website reports. 6623:T.J.M. Schers (August 1993). 6514:Afiero, Massimiliano (2018). 6337:Spielberger 1993, pp. 156–158 6310:Spielberger 1993, pp. 169–174 6161:Ruggles and Brodie, pp. 82–83 4871:Spielberger 1993, pp. 145–146 4393:T-34/76 Medium Tank 1941-1945 4155: 3768:, Skarżysko-Kamienna, Poland. 3601:engineers and used for tests. 3553:after being knocked out by a 2935:Turm-Panther (Schmale Blende) 2913:Ausf. F and Schmalturm turret 2856:Panther II on display at the 2783: 2068:Company Command – 2 × Panther 1975:Pantherturm III – Betonsockel 1584:catastrophic ammunition fires 1433:or armoured skirts, known as 1402:armour-piercing capped rounds 1350:Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen 1222: 1197:normal offset-Vee type engine 1187:, each with an outer race of 740: 554:which made it highly mobile. 8289:List of Sd.Kfz. designations 7588:"How to kill a Panther Tank" 7308:Spielberger, Walter (1993). 6731:. Surviving Panzers website. 6479:Számvéber, Nortbert (2013). 6016:"122-мм танковая пушка Д-25" 5087:Jentz 1995, pp. 55, 108, 147 4286:Doyle and Jentz 1997, p. 28. 4217: 4097:List of WWII Maybach engines 4087:German tanks in World War II 4025:All angles from horizontal. 3719:, Sinsheim, Germany. Ausf. A 3675:Polish 1st Armoured Division 3569:, Sinsheim, Germany. Ausf. A 3022:Upgunning to the 8.8 cm 2447:1.Abteilung/Panzerregiment 2 2102:From 3 August 1944, the new 2053:Communication Platoon – 3 × 1970:around the port of Tobruk). 1853:French 2nd Armoured Division 1719:In February 1945 during the 1047:A Panther tank cost 117,100 824:Panther tank production line 696:, and later his replacement 239:(armoured recovery vehicle), 7: 8294:List of VK-designated tanks 7293:. Ishi Press. p. 325. 7061:Panther Medium Tank 1942-45 5808:Green and Green 2012, p. 50 4970:Spielberger 1993, pp. 22–23 4749:Spielberger 1993, pp. 36–38 4740:Spielberger 1993, pp. 36–52 4070: 3947:Gears: 7 forward, 1 reverse 3257:Tudor Vladimirescu Division 2886:aviation turbojet-derived, 2573:Operation Frühlingserwachen 2110:division to consist of one 2065:1st Company – 22 × Panther 1553:The tank typically had two 1480: 1086: 354:75 mm KwK 42 L/70 tank gun 57:Panther Ausf. D tanks, 1943 10: 9028: 7690: 7063:. Osprey Publishing (UK). 6941:Docherty, Richard (2013). 6598:"Pojazdy niemieckie w LWP" 6545:. Henry Morshead. Oxford. 6516:The Axis Forces -Number 6- 5799:by Thomas L. Jentz p. 131. 5383:www.tanks-encyclopedia.com 5231:Doyle and Jentz 1997, p. 9 4961:Jentz 2000, pp. 13, 32, 35 4928:Zaloga, Steven J. (2011). 4691:The Other Side of the Hill 4404:Doyle and Jentz 1997, p. 4 3681:in exchange for its parts. 3366: 3038: 3002: 2845: 2106:organisation called for a 2091:4th Company – 22 × Panther 2088:3rd Company – 22 × Panther 2085:2nd Company – 22 × Panther 942:Beobachtungspanzer Panther 610:and against the advice of 565:Development and production 491:Panzerkampfwagen V Panther 44:Panzerkampfwagen V Panther 29: 18: 16:German medium tank of WWII 9002:World War II medium tanks 8946: 8755: 8705: 8667: 8604: 8474: 8351: 8302: 8281: 8215: 8117: 8091: 8036: 7993: 7905: 7822: 7779: 7701: 7634: 6920:Anderson, Thomas (2017). 6396:Jentz, Thomas L. (2001). 5602:Jentz, Thomas L. (1997). 4934:. Bloomsbury Publishing. 4880:Jentz 1995, pp. 23, 33–34 3729:The Wheatcroft Collection 3536:The Wheatcroft Collection 3101:armoured recovery vehicle 3088:tank armed with only two 3041:List of Panzer V variants 2469: 2157: 2154: 2151: 2148: 2145: 2142: 2080:4th Platoon – 5 × Panther 2077:3rd Platoon – 5 × Panther 2074:2nd Platoon – 5 × Panther 2071:1st Platoon – 5 × Panther 2032:From September 1943, one 2024:photographed in southern 2019:Panzergrenadier-Division 1734:under the command of the 1589: 1388: 1332:Steering and transmission 1193:unbalanced rocking moment 1143: 1063:, and 250,800 RM for the 569: 463: 442: 434: 430:, interleaved road wheels 422: 414: 406: 388: 363: 341: 331: 326: 318: 310: 293: 276: 256: 251: 223: 212: 204: 188: 173: 165: 155: 150: 140: 107: 87: 82: 73:Place of origin 72: 62: 50: 41: 7703:Self-propelled artillery 7411:. Concord Publications. 7177:. Atglen: Schiffer Pub. 7158:. Atglen: Schiffer Pub. 7139:. Atglen: Schiffer Pub. 6979:Forczyk, Robert (2007). 6962:Panther Variants 1942-45 6881:Spielberger 1993, p. 234 5636:Forczyk, Robert (2007). 4862:Spielberger 1993, p. 133 4803:Spielberger 1993, p. 161 4507:Healy 2008, pp. 135–148. 4472:Forczyk, Robert (2007). 4417:Forczyk, Robert (2007). 4367:Forczyk, Robert (2007). 4160: 3915:Compression ratio: 6.8:1 3615:Panther in the river at 3448:American Heritage Museum 2988:stereoscopic rangefinder 2684:) or later, 90 mm ( 2598:17-pounder anti-tank gun 2457:is immediately needed." 1950:fortification along the 1736:Hero of the Soviet Union 1179:walls to a minimum. The 94:1943–1945 (Nazi Germany) 8997:Medium tanks of Germany 8581:Type 97 ShinHōtō Chi-Ha 8013:Sd.Kfz. 231/32/33/34/63 8008:Sd.Kfz. 221/22/23/60/61 7483:Zaloga, Steven (2015). 7464:Zaloga, Steven (2008). 7445:Zaloga, Steven (2008). 7426:Zaloga, Steven (2007). 7407:Zaloga, Steven (1998). 7390:IS-2 Heavy Tank 1944-73 7388:Zaloga, Steven (1994). 7369:Zaloga, Steven (1994). 7350:Zaloga, Steven (1984). 7021:Green, Michael (2005). 6646:Zaloga, Steven (2007). 6469:, Nafziger, 1998, p 122 6328:Jentz 1995, pp. 103-113 6319:Jentz 1995, pp. 103–108 6042:IS-2 Heavy Tank 1944-73 6020:The Russian Battlefield 5963:IS-2 Heavy Tank 1944-73 5936:The Russian Battlefield 5921:Healy 2008, pp. 167–171 5901:The Russian Battlefield 5883:IS-2 Heavy Tank 1944-73 5867:Zaloga, Steven (2010). 5592:Jentz 1996, pp. 152–247 5514:Jentz 1995, pp. 152–153 5464:Jentz 1995, pp. 150–152 5424:Jentz 1995, pp. 147–152 5358:Jentz 1995, pp. 142–144 5349:Jentz 1995, pp. 139–142 5318:Healy 2008, pp. 161–165 5291:Jentz 1995, pp. 130–132 5279:Jentz 1996, pp. 55, 58. 5196:Jentz 1995, pp. 88, 124 5096:Spielberger 1993, p. 82 5024:Jentz 1995, pp. 127–129 4830:Spielberger 1993, p. 72 4767:Spielberger 1993, p. 52 4722:Spielberger 1993, p. 27 4633:Spielberger 1993, p. 23 3894:Engine and transmission 3119:Foreign and postwar use 2998: 2986:was to have a built-in 2967:similar to that of the 2559:and Panther tanks, and 2057:Panther Sd.Kfz. 267/268 1909:disguised to look like 1740:Nikolai Ivanovich Ageev 1646:52 on 6 February 1943. 1377:them prone to failure. 1134: 1115:of the tank. The upper 1042: 402:700 PS (690 hp, 515 kW) 131:Postwar and foreign use 8853:Special number 3 Ku-Ro 8833:Panzerkampfwagen E-100 8639:Cromwell (and Centaur) 8396:Marmon-Herrington CTLS 7508:. London: Frank Cass. 7428:Japanese Tanks 1939-45 7291:Inside the Third Reich 7289:Speer, Albert (2009). 7173:Jentz, Thomas (2000). 7154:Jentz, Thomas (1997). 7135:Jentz, Thomas (1997). 7116:Jentz, Thomas (1996). 7097:Jentz, Thomas (1995). 7059:Hart, Stephen (2003). 6648:Japanese Tanks 1939-45 6539:Zaloga, Steve (2013). 6088:Bishop, Chris (2002). 4059: 3996:Field of view: 28°/14° 3993:Magnification: 2.5×/5× 3620: 3578: 3506: 3464:Deutsches Panzermuseum 3328:Deutsches Panzermuseum 3281: 3273: 3216: 3208: 3053: 2959: 2922: 2865: 2728: 2708: 2636: 2592: 2528: 2491: 2094:Service Platoon – 2 × 2046:, was organised thus: 2029: 2009:Battalion organisation 1968:North African campaign 1962:(the type was called " 1955: 1898: 1879: 1837: 1826: 1763: 1754:Western Front – France 1693: 1663: 1634:Combat history and use 1610: 1602: 1534:Ordnance QF 17-pounder 1490: 1425: 1341: 1310: 1284:Tracks and suspension: 1245:torsion bar suspension 1236: 1159:, which delivered 650 1096: 991: 958: 941: 923: 885:Jan 1943 to Sept 1943 825: 729: 718:Inside the Third Reich 671:torsion bar suspension 582: 514:. It was used in most 7771:15cm sFH13/1 (Sf) LrS 7766:10.5cm leFH18(Sf) 39H 7761:10.5cm leFH18(Sf) LrS 6926:. Osprey Publishing. 6872:Anderson 2017, p. 208 6751:Bovington Tank Museum 6301:Jentz 1995, pp. 50–55 6054:Merriam, Ray (2018). 5583:Jentz 1996, pp. 53–61 5340:Healy 2008, pp. 64–72 5261:Jentz 1995, pp. 56–57 4758:Jentz 1995, pp. 61–62 4057: 3953:Steering ratio: 1:1.5 3858:Suspension and tracks 3698:Siegfried Line Museum 3614: 3595:Bovington Tank Museum 3576: 3500: 3361:Bovington Tank Museum 3279: 3265: 3231:In July/August 1944, 3214: 3206: 3086:artillery observation 3048: 2953: 2945:Bovington Tank Museum 2920: 2855: 2721: 2701: 2630: 2590: 2522: 2489: 2016: 1954:in Italy, August 1944 1946: 1896: 1870: 1831: 1819: 1761: 1688: 1657: 1608: 1597: 1571:Nahverteidigungswaffe 1488: 1423: 1339: 1281: 1230: 1094: 1059:, 103,462 RM for the 932:May 1943 to Apr 1945 924:Befehlspanzer Panther 915:Mar 1944 to Apr 1945 900:Aug 1943 to Aug 1944 872:Designated V1 and V2 823: 722: 577: 552:power-to-weight ratio 7573:between Panther and 7571:Account of tank duel 7243:Rust, Ken C (1967). 7078:Healy, Mark (2008). 7006:. Osceola, WI: MBI. 6747:5 April 2012 at the 6729:"Surviving Panthers" 6261:pp. 268–269, 287–290 5942:on 15 February 2005. 4653:Tiger Fibel, D656/27 4642:Frankson 2000, p. 70 4462:Jentz 1995, p 16–18. 3310:Polish People's Army 3219:During the war, the 3147:improve this article 2812:improve this article 2583:American and British 2553:heavy tank destroyer 2539:on the chassis of a 1977:(concrete base) and 1875:, penetrated in the 1768:invasion of Normandy 1498:7.5 cm KwK 42 (L/70) 1129:Hasso von Manteuffel 1055:, 96,163 RM for the 8977:Tank classification 8973:History of the tank 8142:Geschützwagen Tiger 8092:Demolition vehicles 7581:) in March 1945 at 7565:Kubinka Tank Museum 7447:Armored Thunderbolt 7314:Schiffer Publishing 6945:. Pen & Sword. 6465:Sharp, Charles C., 6454:Panther vs. Sherman 6434:. Achtungpanzer.com 6272:Armored Thunderbolt 6259:Armored Thunderbolt 6246:Armored Thunderbolt 6233:Armored Thunderbolt 6202:Armored Thunderbolt 6189:Panther vs. Sherman 5756:. Panzer-elmito.org 5707:on 29 November 2021 5662:Armored Thunderbolt 5538:Panther vs. Sherman 5525:Panther vs. Sherman 5500:Panther vs. Sherman 5475:Armored Thunderbolt 5453:Armored Thunderbolt 5435:Armored Thunderbolt 5270:Carius 2003, p. 23. 5220:Panther vs. Sherman 5207:Panther vs. Sherman 5120:Panther vs. Sherman 5107:Armored Thunderbolt 4916:Panther vs. Sherman 4540:Panther vs. Sherman 4518:Armored Thunderbolt 4126:M4A3E8 "Easy Eight" 4077:German tank problem 3685:Kłanino tank museum 3629:Battle of the Bulge 3511:Canadian War Museum 3503:Canadian War Museum 3480:Kubinka Tank Museum 2779:Further development 2740:Battle of the Bulge 2602:early 1944 at Anzio 2537:152 mm gun-howitzer 2128: 1911:M10 tank destroyers 1884:Battle of the Bulge 1873:Battle of the Bulge 1857:Battle of Arracourt 1849:firstly at Dompaire 1832:Panther Ausf. G in 1766:At the time of the 1493:The main gun was a 978: 845: 844:Production by type 767:Henschel & Sohn 8956:World War II tanks 8644:Mk VIII Challenger 8376:Light Tank Mk VIII 8273:Flakpanzer Mareșal 8192:Flakpanzer Coelian 8147:Entwicklung series 8040:anti-aircraft guns 7555:Surviving Panthers 7335:. Aberjona Press. 6964:. London: Osprey. 6283:Jentz 1995, p. 153 6222:Jentz 1995, p. 127 6130:Tiger Tanks at War 5977:Jentz 1995, p. 128 5848:Jentz 1995, p. 147 5817:Jentz 1995, p. 140 5626:Jentz 1995, p. 133 5489:Jentz 1995, p. 152 5367:Jentz 1995, p. 143 5309:Healy 2008, p. 170 5300:Jentz 1995, p. 134 5240:Jentz 1995, p. 124 4785:Green, 2012 p. 199 4529:Jentz 1995, p. 121 4498:Speer 2009, p. 325 4266:Jentz 1996, p. 284 4060: 3766:White Eagle Museum 3737:, Belgium. Ausf. G 3621: 3607:, Belgium. Ausf. G 3589:Mourmelon-le-Grand 3579: 3551:Battle of Overloon 3507: 3437:Surviving vehicles 3392:Panther with full 3282: 3274: 3217: 3209: 3187:Entwicklung series 3107:Flakpanzer Coelian 3082:Beobachtungspanzer 3054: 2960: 2923: 2866: 2732:M36 tank destroyer 2686:M36 tank destroyer 2678:M10 tank destroyer 2637: 2618:Battle of Normandy 2593: 2529: 2492: 2126: 2114:regiment with two 2104:Panzer-Division 44 2030: 1956: 1922:SS-Oberscharführer 1907:Panzerbrigade 150, 1899: 1880: 1838: 1836:, mid-1944, France 1764: 1694: 1664: 1611: 1603: 1577:Ammunition storage 1548:8.8 cm KwK 36 L/56 1495:Rheinmetall-Borsig 1491: 1426: 1342: 1237: 1102:Sebastian Fichtner 1097: 976: 843: 826: 816:Production figures 803:plant (the former 711:Rheinmetall-Borsig 583: 435:Fuel capacity 194:ℛ︁ℳ︁ 151:Production history 100:1944–1952 (France) 8984: 8983: 8311: 8310: 8258:Gep. MTW Kätzchen 7583:Cologne Cathedral 7534:on 11 August 2013 7515:978-0-7146-5052-4 7496:978-0-8117-1437-2 7475:978-1-84603-292-9 7456:978-0-8117-0424-3 7437:978-1-84603-091-8 7399:978-1-85532-396-4 7380:978-1-85532-382-7 7300:978-0-923891-73-2 7203:978-1-4728-3181-1 7127:978-0-7643-0080-6 7089:978-1-86227-336-8 7082:. History Press. 7051:978-1-84908-841-1 7032:978-1-6106-0027-9 7013:978-0-7603-0671-0 6990:978-1-84603-149-6 6971:978-1-85532-476-3 6952:978-1-84884-838-2 6933:978-1-47282-703-6 6902:978-0-9771-6432-5 6675:"German invasion" 6552:978-1-78096-020-3 6492:978-1-910294-20-8 6292:Jentz 1995, p. 51 6139:978-0-7603-3112-5 6103:978-1-586-63762-0 6090:"IS-2 heavy tank" 6067:978-1-387-49859-8 5871:. pp. 10–12. 5724:Tank and AFV News 5701:panzer-elmito.org 5647:978-1-84603-149-6 5613:978-0-7643-0225-1 5252:Jentz 1995, p. 96 5187:Jentz 1995, p. 64 5178:Jentz 1995, p. 26 5069:Jentz 1995, p. 93 5060:Jentz 1995, p. 47 5051:Jentz 1995, p. 45 5006:Jentz 1995, p. 29 4941:978-1-84908-727-8 4776:Jentz 1995, p. 62 4731:Jentz 1995, p. 36 4713:Jentz 1995, p. 23 4687:B.H. Liddell Hart 4485:978-1-84603-149-6 4453:Jentz 1995, p. 17 4444:Jentz 1995, p. 18 4428:978-1-84603-149-6 4378:978-1-84603-149-6 4357:Jentz 1995, p. 16 4310:978-0-9744-8620-8 4067: 4066: 3962: 3961: 3842:Obstacle crossing 3778:, Moscow, Russia. 3694:, Poland. Ausf. A 3591:, France. Ausf. A 3583:Musée des Blindés 3563:, Jordan. Ausf. A 3561:Royal Tank Museum 3521:Panzermuseum Thun 3482:, Russia. Ausf. G 3468:Kanonenjagdpanzer 3460:, France. Ausf. A 3458:Musée des Blindés 3429:Strabokran moving 3317:Coldstream Guards 3179: 3178: 3171: 3012:Belleville washer 2879:Schachtellaufwerk 2844: 2843: 2836: 2735:turret and side. 2415: 2414: 1789:17pdr SP Achilles 1668:Operation Citadel 1366:epicyclic gearing 1263:Schachtellaufwerk 1243:design on a dual 1241:Schachtellaufwerk 1233:Schachtellaufwerk 1113:series production 1040: 1039: 974: 973: 834:Sturmgeschütz III 683:Schachtellaufwerk 516:European theatres 506:171, is a German 488:tank, officially 482: 481: 396:Maybach HL230 P30 9019: 8964: 8963: 8954: 8953: 8828:Panzer VIII Maus 8556:Panzer V Panther 8338: 8331: 8324: 8315: 8314: 8253:VK 16.02 Leopard 8216:Proposed designs 8137:Panzer VIII Maus 8131:Panzer I Ausf. F 8125:Panzer I Ausf. C 8053:Flakpanzer 38(t) 7696: 7621: 7614: 7607: 7598: 7597: 7543: 7541: 7539: 7530:. Archived from 7519: 7500: 7479: 7460: 7441: 7422: 7403: 7384: 7365: 7346: 7327: 7312:. West Chester: 7304: 7285: 7274: 7239: 7212:Ruggles, Richard 7207: 7188: 7169: 7150: 7131: 7112: 7093: 7074: 7055: 7036: 7025:. Zenith Press. 7017: 7005: 6994: 6975: 6956: 6937: 6907: 6906: 6888: 6882: 6879: 6873: 6870: 6864: 6863: 6862: 6860: 6845: 6839: 6838: 6832: 6830: 6816: 6808: 6802: 6801: 6795: 6793: 6778: 6772: 6771: 6758: 6752: 6739: 6733: 6732: 6725: 6714: 6713: 6711: 6709: 6693: 6687: 6686: 6671: 6662: 6661: 6643: 6637: 6636: 6620: 6614: 6613: 6611: 6609: 6594: 6588: 6585: 6579: 6578: 6572: 6564: 6536: 6530: 6529: 6511: 6505: 6504: 6476: 6470: 6463: 6457: 6450: 6444: 6443: 6441: 6439: 6428: 6422: 6421: 6393: 6387: 6386: 6380: 6372: 6353:. Schiffer Pub. 6344: 6338: 6335: 6329: 6326: 6320: 6317: 6311: 6308: 6302: 6299: 6293: 6290: 6284: 6281: 6275: 6268: 6262: 6255: 6249: 6242: 6236: 6229: 6223: 6220: 6214: 6211: 6205: 6198: 6192: 6185: 6179: 6173: 6162: 6159: 6153: 6150: 6144: 6143: 6121: 6115: 6114: 6112: 6110: 6085: 6079: 6078: 6076: 6074: 6051: 6045: 6038: 6032: 6031: 6029: 6027: 6011: 6005: 6004: 6002: 6000: 5984: 5978: 5975: 5966: 5959: 5953: 5950: 5944: 5943: 5938:. Archived from 5928: 5922: 5919: 5913: 5912: 5910: 5908: 5892: 5886: 5879: 5873: 5872: 5864: 5858: 5855: 5849: 5846: 5840: 5835: 5829: 5824: 5818: 5815: 5809: 5806: 5800: 5794: 5788: 5787: 5785: 5783: 5772: 5766: 5765: 5763: 5761: 5750: 5744: 5741: 5735: 5734: 5732: 5730: 5715: 5709: 5708: 5703:, archived from 5693: 5687: 5684: 5678: 5675:Armored Champion 5671: 5665: 5658: 5652: 5651: 5633: 5627: 5624: 5618: 5617: 5599: 5593: 5590: 5584: 5581: 5575: 5572: 5566: 5565: 5547: 5541: 5534: 5528: 5521: 5515: 5512: 5503: 5496: 5490: 5487: 5478: 5471: 5465: 5462: 5456: 5449: 5438: 5431: 5425: 5422: 5416: 5413: 5407: 5404:Batalion "Zośka" 5400: 5394: 5393: 5391: 5389: 5374: 5368: 5365: 5359: 5356: 5350: 5347: 5341: 5338: 5332: 5325: 5319: 5316: 5310: 5307: 5301: 5298: 5292: 5289: 5280: 5277: 5271: 5268: 5262: 5259: 5253: 5250: 5241: 5238: 5232: 5229: 5223: 5216: 5210: 5203: 5197: 5194: 5188: 5185: 5179: 5176: 5170: 5169: 5151: 5145: 5142: 5136: 5129: 5123: 5116: 5110: 5103: 5097: 5094: 5088: 5085: 5079: 5076: 5070: 5067: 5061: 5058: 5052: 5049: 5043: 5040: 5034: 5031: 5025: 5022: 5016: 5013: 5007: 5004: 4998: 4995: 4989: 4986: 4980: 4977: 4971: 4968: 4962: 4959: 4953: 4952: 4950: 4948: 4925: 4919: 4912: 4906: 4905: 4903: 4901: 4891:"Panther Trials" 4887: 4881: 4878: 4872: 4869: 4863: 4860: 4854: 4849: 4840: 4837: 4831: 4828: 4822: 4819: 4813: 4810: 4804: 4801: 4795: 4792: 4786: 4783: 4777: 4774: 4768: 4765: 4759: 4756: 4750: 4747: 4741: 4738: 4732: 4729: 4723: 4720: 4714: 4711: 4702: 4684: 4678: 4675:Armored Champion 4671: 4665: 4662: 4656: 4649: 4643: 4640: 4634: 4631: 4625: 4618: 4612: 4611: 4606: 4604: 4581: 4575: 4572: 4566: 4565: 4549: 4543: 4536: 4530: 4527: 4521: 4514: 4508: 4505: 4499: 4496: 4490: 4489: 4469: 4463: 4460: 4454: 4451: 4445: 4442: 4433: 4432: 4414: 4405: 4402: 4396: 4389: 4383: 4382: 4364: 4358: 4355: 4346: 4343: 4337: 4334:Armored Champion 4330: 4324: 4321: 4315: 4314: 4296: 4287: 4284: 4267: 4264: 4255: 4252: 4246: 4243: 4237: 4231:Armored Champion 4227: 4211: 4207: 4201: 4193: 4187: 4184: 4178: 4171: 4004:Fu 5 transceiver 4001:Radio equipment 3966: 3837: 3774:Victory Park at 3755: 3693: 3679:Kevin Wheatcroft 3668: 3442:In working order 3424: 3408: 3389: 3377: 3304:to liberate the 3195:main battle tank 3174: 3167: 3163: 3160: 3154: 3131: 3123: 3035:Derived vehicles 2839: 2832: 2828: 2825: 2819: 2796: 2788: 2567:Early 1945, the 2129: 2125: 1748: 1733: 1644:Panzer Abteilung 1640:Panzer Abteilung 1546:heavy tank, the 1257: 1173:tunnel crankcase 1110: 1024: 996: 979: 975: 961: 944: 926: 846: 842: 840:at 8,298 units. 466: 215: 55: 46: 39: 38: 21:K2 Black Panther 9027: 9026: 9022: 9021: 9020: 9018: 9017: 9016: 8987: 8986: 8985: 8980: 8942: 8798:Bob Semple tank 8773:AC3 Thunderbolt 8760: 8751: 8701: 8663: 8600: 8566:Stridsvagn m/42 8561:Stridsvagn m/41 8529:Sherman Firefly 8470: 8347: 8342: 8312: 8307: 8298: 8277: 8211: 8113: 8087: 8039: 8032: 7989: 7901: 7826: 7824:Tank destroyers 7818: 7775: 7741:Panzerwerfer 42 7697: 7688: 7630: 7625: 7551: 7546: 7537: 7535: 7522: 7516: 7497: 7476: 7457: 7438: 7419: 7400: 7381: 7362: 7343: 7324: 7301: 7255: 7228:10.2307/2280189 7204: 7185: 7166: 7147: 7128: 7109: 7090: 7071: 7052: 7033: 7014: 6991: 6972: 6953: 6934: 6915: 6910: 6903: 6889: 6885: 6880: 6876: 6871: 6867: 6858: 6856: 6847: 6846: 6842: 6828: 6826: 6809: 6805: 6791: 6789: 6780: 6779: 6775: 6770:. 7 March 2015. 6760: 6759: 6755: 6749:Wayback Machine 6740: 6736: 6727: 6726: 6717: 6707: 6705: 6704:. Wargaming.net 6694: 6690: 6685:on 1 June 2008. 6673: 6672: 6665: 6658: 6644: 6640: 6621: 6617: 6607: 6605: 6596: 6595: 6591: 6586: 6582: 6566: 6565: 6553: 6537: 6533: 6526: 6518:. Soldiershop. 6512: 6508: 6493: 6477: 6473: 6464: 6460: 6451: 6447: 6437: 6435: 6430: 6429: 6425: 6410: 6394: 6390: 6374: 6373: 6361: 6345: 6341: 6336: 6332: 6327: 6323: 6318: 6314: 6309: 6305: 6300: 6296: 6291: 6287: 6282: 6278: 6269: 6265: 6256: 6252: 6243: 6239: 6230: 6226: 6221: 6217: 6212: 6208: 6199: 6195: 6186: 6182: 6174: 6165: 6160: 6156: 6151: 6147: 6140: 6122: 6118: 6108: 6106: 6104: 6086: 6082: 6072: 6070: 6068: 6052: 6048: 6039: 6035: 6025: 6023: 6012: 6008: 5998: 5996: 5993:livejournal.com 5985: 5981: 5976: 5969: 5960: 5956: 5951: 5947: 5930: 5929: 5925: 5920: 5916: 5906: 5904: 5893: 5889: 5880: 5876: 5865: 5861: 5856: 5852: 5847: 5843: 5836: 5832: 5825: 5821: 5816: 5812: 5807: 5803: 5795: 5791: 5781: 5779: 5774: 5773: 5769: 5759: 5757: 5752: 5751: 5747: 5742: 5738: 5728: 5726: 5716: 5712: 5695: 5694: 5690: 5685: 5681: 5672: 5668: 5659: 5655: 5648: 5634: 5630: 5625: 5621: 5614: 5600: 5596: 5591: 5587: 5582: 5578: 5573: 5569: 5562: 5548: 5544: 5535: 5531: 5522: 5518: 5513: 5506: 5497: 5493: 5488: 5481: 5472: 5468: 5463: 5459: 5450: 5441: 5432: 5428: 5423: 5419: 5414: 5410: 5401: 5397: 5387: 5385: 5375: 5371: 5366: 5362: 5357: 5353: 5348: 5344: 5339: 5335: 5326: 5322: 5317: 5313: 5308: 5304: 5299: 5295: 5290: 5283: 5278: 5274: 5269: 5265: 5260: 5256: 5251: 5244: 5239: 5235: 5230: 5226: 5217: 5213: 5204: 5200: 5195: 5191: 5186: 5182: 5177: 5173: 5152: 5148: 5143: 5139: 5130: 5126: 5117: 5113: 5104: 5100: 5095: 5091: 5086: 5082: 5077: 5073: 5068: 5064: 5059: 5055: 5050: 5046: 5041: 5037: 5032: 5028: 5023: 5019: 5014: 5010: 5005: 5001: 4996: 4992: 4987: 4983: 4978: 4974: 4969: 4965: 4960: 4956: 4946: 4944: 4942: 4926: 4922: 4913: 4909: 4899: 4897: 4889: 4888: 4884: 4879: 4875: 4870: 4866: 4861: 4857: 4850: 4843: 4838: 4834: 4829: 4825: 4820: 4816: 4811: 4807: 4802: 4798: 4793: 4789: 4784: 4780: 4775: 4771: 4766: 4762: 4757: 4753: 4748: 4744: 4739: 4735: 4730: 4726: 4721: 4717: 4712: 4705: 4685: 4681: 4672: 4668: 4663: 4659: 4650: 4646: 4641: 4637: 4632: 4628: 4619: 4615: 4602: 4600: 4598: 4582: 4578: 4573: 4569: 4550: 4546: 4537: 4533: 4528: 4524: 4515: 4511: 4506: 4502: 4497: 4493: 4486: 4470: 4466: 4461: 4457: 4452: 4448: 4443: 4436: 4429: 4415: 4408: 4403: 4399: 4390: 4386: 4379: 4365: 4361: 4356: 4349: 4344: 4340: 4331: 4327: 4322: 4318: 4311: 4297: 4290: 4285: 4270: 4265: 4258: 4253: 4249: 4244: 4240: 4228: 4224: 4220: 4215: 4214: 4208: 4204: 4194: 4190: 4185: 4181: 4172: 4168: 4163: 4158: 4140:Centurion Mk. 1 4105: 4082:Panther II tank 4073: 4068: 4013: 3963: 3935: 3932:; 0.85 mpg 3931: 3888: 3881:Track links: 86 3785: 3776:Poklonnaya Hill 3749: 3741:The Tank Museum 3723:Overlord Museum 3687: 3662: 3660:Wilhelmina park 3439: 3432: 3425: 3416: 3409: 3400: 3390: 3381: 3378: 3369: 3343:Le Panther 1947 3319:for some time. 3286:Warsaw Uprising 3271:Warsaw Uprising 3238:Battle of Torda 3175: 3164: 3158: 3155: 3144: 3132: 3121: 3043: 3037: 3024: 3007: 3001: 2915: 2850: 2848:Panther II tank 2840: 2829: 2823: 2820: 2809: 2797: 2786: 2781: 2730:The 90 mm 2680:), 76 mm ( 2642:Sherman Firefly 2585: 2496:A-19 122 mm gun 2481:Battle of Kursk 2472: 2467: 2465:Allied response 2124: 2043:Panzer-Division 2021:Großdeutschland 2011: 1941: 1903:Operation Greif 1865: 1815:Fritz Bayerlein 1813:Division, Gen. 1776:21st Army Group 1756: 1742: 1727: 1706:Warsaw Uprising 1672:Battle of Kursk 1658:Panther on the 1652: 1636: 1592: 1579: 1530:Sherman Firefly 1526:muzzle velocity 1483: 1391: 1362: 1334: 1322:sleeve bearings 1302: 1298: 1293: 1286: 1251: 1225: 1209:"fork and blade 1201:connecting rods 1189:roller bearings 1146: 1137: 1104: 1089: 1045: 1018: 818: 743: 572: 567: 543:Battle of Kursk 478: 459: 447: 445: 401: 384: 368: 366: 359: 346: 344: 327: 306: 289: 247: 233:(command tank), 200:2,000 Man hours 199: 197: 136: 103: 88:In service 83:Service history 58: 42: 35: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 9025: 9015: 9014: 9009: 9004: 8999: 8982: 8981: 8969: 8968: 8958: 8947: 8944: 8943: 8941: 8940: 8935: 8930: 8925: 8920: 8915: 8910: 8908:Type 98 Chi-Ho 8905: 8900: 8895: 8890: 8885: 8880: 8875: 8870: 8865: 8860: 8855: 8850: 8845: 8840: 8835: 8830: 8825: 8820: 8815: 8813:Medium Tank M7 8810: 8805: 8800: 8795: 8790: 8785: 8780: 8775: 8770: 8764: 8762: 8753: 8752: 8750: 8749: 8744: 8739: 8734: 8733: 8732: 8727: 8722: 8711: 8709: 8703: 8702: 8700: 8699: 8694: 8689: 8684: 8679: 8673: 8671: 8665: 8664: 8662: 8661: 8656: 8651: 8646: 8641: 8636: 8631: 8626: 8621: 8616: 8610: 8608: 8602: 8601: 8599: 8598: 8593: 8588: 8583: 8578: 8573: 8568: 8563: 8558: 8553: 8548: 8543: 8538: 8533: 8532: 8531: 8521: 8516: 8511: 8506: 8501: 8496: 8491: 8486: 8484:Turán I and II 8480: 8478: 8472: 8471: 8469: 8468: 8463: 8458: 8453: 8448: 8443: 8438: 8433: 8428: 8423: 8418: 8413: 8408: 8403: 8398: 8393: 8388: 8383: 8378: 8373: 8368: 8363: 8357: 8355: 8349: 8348: 8341: 8340: 8333: 8326: 8318: 8309: 8308: 8303: 8300: 8299: 8297: 8296: 8291: 8285: 8283: 8279: 8278: 8276: 8275: 8270: 8265: 8260: 8255: 8250: 8248:P.1500 Monster 8245: 8240: 8235: 8230: 8225: 8219: 8217: 8213: 8212: 8210: 8209: 8204: 8199: 8194: 8189: 8184: 8179: 8174: 8169: 8167:Neubaufahrzeug 8164: 8162:Heuschrecke 10 8159: 8154: 8144: 8139: 8134: 8128: 8121: 8119: 8115: 8114: 8112: 8111: 8106: 8101: 8095: 8093: 8089: 8088: 8086: 8085: 8084: 8083: 8078: 8073: 8068: 8062:Flakpanzer IV 8060: 8058:Flakpanzer III 8055: 8050: 8044: 8042: 8038:Self-propelled 8034: 8033: 8031: 8030: 8025: 8020: 8015: 8010: 8005: 7999: 7997: 7991: 7990: 7988: 7987: 7982: 7977: 7972: 7967: 7962: 7957: 7952: 7947: 7942: 7937: 7932: 7927: 7922: 7917: 7911: 7909: 7903: 7902: 7900: 7899: 7894: 7889: 7884: 7879: 7874: 7869: 7864: 7859: 7854: 7849: 7844: 7838: 7836: 7820: 7819: 7817: 7816: 7811: 7806: 7801: 7796: 7791: 7785: 7783: 7777: 7776: 7774: 7773: 7768: 7763: 7758: 7753: 7748: 7743: 7738: 7733: 7728: 7726:Sturmpanzer II 7723: 7718: 7713: 7707: 7705: 7699: 7698: 7691: 7689: 7687: 7686: 7681: 7676: 7671: 7666: 7661: 7656: 7651: 7646: 7640: 7638: 7632: 7631: 7624: 7623: 7616: 7609: 7601: 7595: 7594: 7585: 7568: 7558: 7550: 7549:External links 7547: 7545: 7544: 7520: 7514: 7501: 7495: 7480: 7474: 7461: 7455: 7442: 7436: 7423: 7417: 7404: 7398: 7385: 7379: 7366: 7360: 7347: 7341: 7328: 7322: 7305: 7299: 7286: 7275: 7253: 7240: 7208: 7202: 7189: 7183: 7170: 7164: 7151: 7145: 7132: 7126: 7113: 7107: 7094: 7088: 7075: 7069: 7056: 7050: 7037: 7031: 7023:Panzers at War 7018: 7012: 6995: 6989: 6976: 6970: 6957: 6951: 6938: 6932: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6908: 6901: 6883: 6874: 6865: 6840: 6803: 6773: 6753: 6734: 6715: 6702:World of Tanks 6688: 6679:Ottawa Citizen 6663: 6656: 6638: 6615: 6604:. 9 April 2014 6602:Forum Odkrywcy 6589: 6580: 6551: 6531: 6524: 6506: 6491: 6471: 6458: 6445: 6423: 6408: 6388: 6359: 6339: 6330: 6321: 6312: 6303: 6294: 6285: 6276: 6263: 6250: 6237: 6224: 6215: 6206: 6193: 6180: 6163: 6154: 6145: 6138: 6116: 6102: 6080: 6066: 6046: 6033: 6006: 5979: 5967: 5954: 5945: 5923: 5914: 5887: 5874: 5859: 5850: 5841: 5830: 5819: 5810: 5801: 5789: 5767: 5745: 5736: 5710: 5688: 5679: 5666: 5653: 5646: 5628: 5619: 5612: 5594: 5585: 5576: 5567: 5560: 5542: 5529: 5516: 5504: 5491: 5479: 5466: 5457: 5439: 5426: 5417: 5408: 5395: 5369: 5360: 5351: 5342: 5333: 5320: 5311: 5302: 5293: 5281: 5272: 5263: 5254: 5242: 5233: 5224: 5211: 5198: 5189: 5180: 5171: 5168:. TM-9-1985-3. 5146: 5137: 5124: 5111: 5098: 5089: 5080: 5071: 5062: 5053: 5044: 5035: 5026: 5017: 5008: 4999: 4990: 4981: 4972: 4963: 4954: 4940: 4920: 4907: 4882: 4873: 4864: 4855: 4841: 4832: 4823: 4814: 4805: 4796: 4787: 4778: 4769: 4760: 4751: 4742: 4733: 4724: 4715: 4703: 4679: 4666: 4657: 4644: 4635: 4626: 4613: 4596: 4576: 4567: 4544: 4531: 4522: 4509: 4500: 4491: 4484: 4464: 4455: 4446: 4434: 4427: 4406: 4397: 4384: 4377: 4359: 4347: 4338: 4325: 4316: 4309: 4288: 4268: 4256: 4247: 4238: 4221: 4219: 4216: 4213: 4212: 4202: 4188: 4179: 4165: 4164: 4162: 4159: 4157: 4154: 4153: 4152: 4142: 4132: 4124:United States 4122: 4112: 4104: 4101: 4100: 4099: 4094: 4089: 4084: 4079: 4072: 4069: 4065: 4064: 4052: 4051: 4048: 4045: 4042: 4039: 4036: 4033: 4030: 4023: 4022: 4020: 4015: 4011: 4010: 4009: 4008: 4005: 3999: 3998: 3997: 3994: 3988: 3985: 3982: 3981: 3980: 3973: 3972: 3964: 3960: 3959: 3955: 3954: 3951: 3948: 3945: 3942: 3939: 3938: 3937: 3933: 3929: 3926: 3923: 3916: 3913: 3896: 3895: 3890: 3886: 3885: 3882: 3879: 3876: 3873: 3870: 3867: 3860: 3859: 3855: 3854: 3851: 3848: 3844: 3843: 3835: 3834: 3833: 3830: 3822: 3821: 3817: 3816: 3813: 3810: 3807: 3799: 3798: 3794: 3793: 3784: 3783:Specifications 3781: 3780: 3779: 3772: 3769: 3763: 3760: 3757: 3744: 3738: 3735:Celles, Houyet 3732: 3726: 3720: 3713: 3712: 3708: 3707: 3704:Gerhard's Fort 3701: 3695: 3682: 3657: 3646: 3632: 3609: 3608: 3602: 3592: 3586: 3571: 3570: 3564: 3558: 3541:Liberty Park, 3539: 3533: 3518: 3495: 3494: 3490: 3489: 3483: 3477: 3471: 3461: 3455: 3454:, USA. Ausf. A 3452:Greater Boston 3444: 3443: 3438: 3435: 3434: 3433: 3426: 3419: 3417: 3410: 3403: 3401: 3391: 3384: 3382: 3379: 3372: 3368: 3365: 3298:Batalion Zośka 3296:, was used by 3267:Batalion Zośka 3177: 3176: 3135: 3133: 3126: 3120: 3117: 3116: 3115: 3103: 3092: 3079: 3073: 3039:Main article: 3036: 3033: 3023: 3020: 3003:Main article: 3000: 2997: 2914: 2911: 2846:Main article: 2842: 2841: 2824:September 2009 2800: 2798: 2791: 2785: 2782: 2780: 2777: 2674:tank destroyer 2633:countershading 2584: 2581: 2523:An ISU-152 in 2471: 2468: 2466: 2463: 2413: 2412: 2409: 2406: 2403: 2400: 2397: 2394: 2390: 2389: 2386: 2383: 2380: 2377: 2374: 2371: 2367: 2366: 2363: 2360: 2357: 2354: 2351: 2348: 2344: 2343: 2340: 2337: 2334: 2331: 2328: 2325: 2321: 2320: 2317: 2314: 2311: 2308: 2305: 2302: 2298: 2297: 2294: 2291: 2288: 2285: 2282: 2279: 2275: 2274: 2271: 2268: 2265: 2262: 2259: 2256: 2252: 2251: 2248: 2245: 2242: 2239: 2236: 2233: 2229: 2228: 2225: 2222: 2219: 2216: 2213: 2210: 2206: 2205: 2202: 2199: 2196: 2193: 2190: 2187: 2183: 2182: 2179: 2176: 2173: 2170: 2167: 2164: 2160: 2159: 2156: 2153: 2150: 2147: 2144: 2140: 2139: 2138:Eastern front 2136: 2135:Western front 2133: 2123: 2120: 2100: 2099: 2092: 2089: 2086: 2083: 2082: 2081: 2078: 2075: 2072: 2069: 2063: 2062: 2061: 2058: 2040:regiment of a 2010: 2007: 1987:Siegfried Line 1940: 1937: 1925:Ernst Barkmann 1864: 1861: 1845:Panzerbrigades 1780:Battle of Caen 1755: 1752: 1725:4th Tank Corps 1651: 1648: 1635: 1632: 1591: 1588: 1578: 1575: 1567:Nebelwurfgerät 1482: 1479: 1390: 1387: 1361: 1358: 1333: 1330: 1224: 1221: 1145: 1142: 1136: 1133: 1088: 1085: 1044: 1041: 1038: 1037: 1034: 1030: 1029: 1026: 1012: 1011: 1008: 1002: 1001: 998: 987: 986: 983: 972: 971: 968: 965: 962: 954: 953: 951: 948: 945: 937: 936: 933: 930: 927: 919: 918: 916: 913: 910: 904: 903: 901: 898: 895: 889: 888: 886: 883: 880: 874: 873: 870: 867: 864: 860: 859: 856: 853: 850: 838:Panzer IV tank 817: 814: 786:Reichsminister 742: 739: 734:PzKpfw Panther 691:Reichsminister 639:"VK 30.02(DB)" 616:Heinz Guderian 571: 568: 566: 563: 480: 479: 477: 476: 473: 469: 467: 465:Maximum speed 461: 460: 458: 457: 454: 450: 448: 443: 440: 439: 436: 432: 431: 424: 420: 419: 416: 412: 411: 408: 404: 403: 390: 386: 385: 383: 382: 371: 369: 364: 361: 360: 358: 357: 356:with 79 rounds 349: 347: 342: 339: 338: 335: 329: 328: 324: 323: 320: 316: 315: 312: 308: 307: 305: 304: 301: 297: 295: 291: 290: 288: 287: 284: 280: 278: 274: 273: 258: 254: 253: 252:Specifications 249: 248: 246: 245: 240: 234: 227: 225: 221: 220: 217: 210: 209: 206: 202: 201: 190: 189:Unit cost 186: 185: 175: 171: 170: 167: 163: 162: 157: 153: 152: 148: 147: 142: 138: 137: 135: 134: 127: 122: 117: 111: 109: 105: 104: 102: 101: 98: 95: 91: 89: 85: 84: 80: 79: 74: 70: 69: 64: 60: 59: 56: 48: 47: 32:Neubaufahrzeug 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9024: 9013: 9010: 9008: 9005: 9003: 9000: 8998: 8995: 8994: 8992: 8979: 8978: 8974: 8967: 8959: 8957: 8949: 8948: 8945: 8939: 8936: 8934: 8931: 8929: 8926: 8924: 8921: 8919: 8918:Type 5 Chi-Ri 8916: 8914: 8913:Type 4 Chi-To 8911: 8909: 8906: 8904: 8901: 8899: 8896: 8894: 8891: 8889: 8886: 8884: 8881: 8879: 8876: 8874: 8871: 8869: 8866: 8864: 8861: 8859: 8856: 8854: 8851: 8849: 8846: 8844: 8841: 8839: 8836: 8834: 8831: 8829: 8826: 8824: 8821: 8819: 8816: 8814: 8811: 8809: 8808:Heavy Tank M6 8806: 8804: 8801: 8799: 8796: 8794: 8791: 8789: 8786: 8784: 8781: 8779: 8776: 8774: 8771: 8769: 8766: 8765: 8763: 8761:experimentals 8758: 8754: 8748: 8745: 8743: 8740: 8738: 8735: 8731: 8728: 8726: 8723: 8721: 8718: 8717: 8716: 8713: 8712: 8710: 8708: 8704: 8698: 8695: 8693: 8690: 8688: 8685: 8683: 8680: 8678: 8675: 8674: 8672: 8670: 8666: 8660: 8657: 8655: 8652: 8650: 8647: 8645: 8642: 8640: 8637: 8635: 8632: 8630: 8627: 8625: 8622: 8620: 8619:Cruiser Mk IV 8617: 8615: 8612: 8611: 8609: 8607: 8603: 8597: 8596:Type 3 Chi-Nu 8594: 8592: 8591:Type 3 Ka-Chi 8589: 8587: 8586:Type 1 Chi-He 8584: 8582: 8579: 8577: 8574: 8572: 8569: 8567: 8564: 8562: 8559: 8557: 8554: 8552: 8549: 8547: 8544: 8542: 8539: 8537: 8534: 8530: 8527: 8526: 8525: 8522: 8520: 8517: 8515: 8512: 8510: 8507: 8505: 8502: 8500: 8497: 8495: 8492: 8490: 8489:43M Turán III 8487: 8485: 8482: 8481: 8479: 8477: 8473: 8467: 8464: 8462: 8459: 8457: 8454: 8452: 8451:Type 98 Ke-Ni 8449: 8447: 8444: 8442: 8439: 8437: 8434: 8432: 8429: 8427: 8424: 8422: 8419: 8417: 8414: 8412: 8409: 8407: 8404: 8402: 8399: 8397: 8394: 8392: 8389: 8387: 8384: 8382: 8379: 8377: 8374: 8372: 8369: 8367: 8364: 8362: 8359: 8358: 8356: 8354: 8350: 8346: 8339: 8334: 8332: 8327: 8325: 8320: 8319: 8316: 8306: 8301: 8295: 8292: 8290: 8287: 8286: 8284: 8280: 8274: 8271: 8269: 8266: 8264: 8261: 8259: 8256: 8254: 8251: 8249: 8246: 8244: 8241: 8239: 8236: 8234: 8231: 8229: 8226: 8224: 8223:Panzer III/IV 8221: 8220: 8218: 8214: 8208: 8207:VK 30.02 (DB) 8205: 8203: 8200: 8198: 8195: 8193: 8190: 8188: 8185: 8183: 8180: 8178: 8175: 8173: 8170: 8168: 8165: 8163: 8160: 8158: 8155: 8152: 8148: 8145: 8143: 8140: 8138: 8135: 8132: 8129: 8126: 8123: 8122: 8120: 8116: 8110: 8107: 8105: 8102: 8100: 8097: 8096: 8094: 8090: 8082: 8079: 8077: 8074: 8072: 8069: 8067: 8064: 8063: 8061: 8059: 8056: 8054: 8051: 8049: 8046: 8045: 8043: 8041: 8035: 8029: 8026: 8024: 8021: 8019: 8016: 8014: 8011: 8009: 8006: 8004: 8001: 8000: 7998: 7996: 7992: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7978: 7976: 7973: 7971: 7968: 7966: 7963: 7961: 7958: 7956: 7953: 7951: 7948: 7946: 7943: 7941: 7938: 7936: 7933: 7931: 7928: 7926: 7923: 7921: 7918: 7916: 7913: 7912: 7910: 7908: 7904: 7898: 7895: 7893: 7890: 7888: 7885: 7883: 7882:Jagdpanzer IV 7880: 7878: 7875: 7873: 7870: 7868: 7865: 7863: 7860: 7858: 7855: 7853: 7850: 7848: 7845: 7843: 7842:Panzerjäger I 7840: 7839: 7837: 7834: 7830: 7825: 7821: 7815: 7812: 7810: 7807: 7805: 7802: 7800: 7797: 7795: 7792: 7790: 7787: 7786: 7784: 7782: 7778: 7772: 7769: 7767: 7764: 7762: 7759: 7757: 7754: 7752: 7749: 7747: 7746:Wurfrahmen 40 7744: 7742: 7739: 7737: 7734: 7732: 7729: 7727: 7724: 7722: 7721:Sturmpanzer I 7719: 7717: 7714: 7712: 7709: 7708: 7706: 7704: 7700: 7695: 7685: 7682: 7680: 7677: 7675: 7672: 7670: 7667: 7665: 7662: 7660: 7657: 7655: 7652: 7650: 7647: 7645: 7642: 7641: 7639: 7637: 7633: 7629: 7622: 7617: 7615: 7610: 7608: 7603: 7602: 7599: 7592: 7589: 7586: 7584: 7580: 7576: 7572: 7569: 7566: 7562: 7559: 7556: 7553: 7552: 7533: 7529: 7525: 7521: 7517: 7511: 7507: 7502: 7498: 7492: 7488: 7487: 7481: 7477: 7471: 7467: 7462: 7458: 7452: 7448: 7443: 7439: 7433: 7429: 7424: 7420: 7418:962-361-615-5 7414: 7410: 7405: 7401: 7395: 7391: 7386: 7382: 7376: 7372: 7367: 7363: 7361:0-85368-606-8 7357: 7353: 7348: 7344: 7342:0-9717650-2-2 7338: 7334: 7329: 7325: 7323:0-88740-397-2 7319: 7315: 7311: 7306: 7302: 7296: 7292: 7287: 7283: 7282: 7276: 7272: 7268: 7264: 7260: 7256: 7254:0-911852-93-X 7250: 7246: 7241: 7237: 7233: 7229: 7225: 7221: 7217: 7213: 7209: 7205: 7199: 7195: 7190: 7186: 7180: 7176: 7171: 7167: 7165:0-7643-0225-6 7161: 7157: 7152: 7148: 7146:0-7643-0224-8 7142: 7138: 7133: 7129: 7123: 7119: 7114: 7110: 7108:0-88740-812-5 7104: 7100: 7095: 7091: 7085: 7081: 7076: 7072: 7070:1-84176-543-0 7066: 7062: 7057: 7053: 7047: 7043: 7038: 7034: 7028: 7024: 7019: 7015: 7009: 7004: 7003: 6996: 6992: 6986: 6982: 6977: 6973: 6967: 6963: 6958: 6954: 6948: 6944: 6939: 6935: 6929: 6925: 6924: 6918: 6917: 6904: 6898: 6894: 6887: 6878: 6869: 6854: 6850: 6844: 6837: 6824: 6820: 6819:The Telegraph 6815: 6807: 6800: 6788:. 3 July 2015 6787: 6783: 6777: 6769: 6768: 6763: 6757: 6750: 6746: 6743: 6738: 6730: 6724: 6722: 6720: 6703: 6699: 6692: 6684: 6680: 6676: 6670: 6668: 6659: 6657:9781846030918 6653: 6649: 6642: 6634: 6630: 6626: 6619: 6603: 6599: 6593: 6584: 6576: 6570: 6562: 6558: 6554: 6548: 6544: 6543: 6535: 6527: 6525:9788893273442 6521: 6517: 6510: 6502: 6498: 6494: 6488: 6484: 6483: 6475: 6468: 6462: 6455: 6452:Zaloga 2008, 6449: 6433: 6427: 6419: 6415: 6411: 6409:0-9708407-3-X 6405: 6401: 6400: 6392: 6384: 6378: 6370: 6366: 6362: 6360:0-88740-812-5 6356: 6352: 6351: 6343: 6334: 6325: 6316: 6307: 6298: 6289: 6280: 6273: 6270:Zaloga 2008, 6267: 6260: 6257:Zaloga 2008, 6254: 6247: 6244:Zaloga 2008, 6241: 6234: 6228: 6219: 6210: 6203: 6200:Zaloga 2008, 6197: 6190: 6187:Zaloga 2008, 6184: 6178: 6172: 6170: 6168: 6158: 6149: 6141: 6135: 6131: 6127: 6120: 6105: 6099: 6095: 6091: 6084: 6069: 6063: 6059: 6058: 6050: 6043: 6040:Zaloga 1994, 6037: 6021: 6017: 6010: 5994: 5990: 5983: 5974: 5972: 5964: 5961:Zaloga 1994, 5958: 5949: 5941: 5937: 5933: 5927: 5918: 5902: 5898: 5891: 5884: 5881:Zaloga 1994, 5878: 5870: 5863: 5854: 5845: 5839: 5834: 5828: 5823: 5814: 5805: 5798: 5793: 5777: 5771: 5755: 5749: 5740: 5725: 5721: 5714: 5706: 5702: 5698: 5692: 5683: 5676: 5673:Zaloga 2015, 5670: 5663: 5660:Zaloga 2008, 5657: 5649: 5643: 5639: 5632: 5623: 5615: 5609: 5605: 5598: 5589: 5580: 5571: 5563: 5561:1-84176-876-6 5557: 5553: 5546: 5539: 5536:Zaloga 2008, 5533: 5526: 5523:Zaloga 2008, 5520: 5511: 5509: 5501: 5498:Zaloga 2008, 5495: 5486: 5484: 5476: 5473:Zaloga 2008, 5470: 5461: 5454: 5451:Zaloga 2008, 5448: 5446: 5444: 5436: 5433:Zaloga 2008, 5430: 5421: 5412: 5406:, pp. 560-576 5405: 5399: 5384: 5380: 5373: 5364: 5355: 5346: 5337: 5330: 5324: 5315: 5306: 5297: 5288: 5286: 5276: 5267: 5258: 5249: 5247: 5237: 5228: 5221: 5218:Zaloga 2008, 5215: 5208: 5205:Zaloga 2008, 5202: 5193: 5184: 5175: 5167: 5163: 5159: 5158: 5150: 5141: 5134: 5128: 5121: 5118:Zaloga 2008, 5115: 5108: 5105:Zaloga 2008, 5102: 5093: 5084: 5075: 5066: 5057: 5048: 5039: 5030: 5021: 5012: 5003: 4994: 4985: 4976: 4967: 4958: 4943: 4937: 4933: 4932: 4924: 4917: 4914:Zaloga 2008, 4911: 4896: 4895:Tank Archives 4892: 4886: 4877: 4868: 4859: 4853: 4848: 4846: 4836: 4827: 4818: 4809: 4800: 4791: 4782: 4773: 4764: 4755: 4746: 4737: 4728: 4719: 4710: 4708: 4700: 4696: 4692: 4688: 4683: 4676: 4673:Zaloga 2015, 4670: 4661: 4654: 4648: 4639: 4630: 4623: 4617: 4610: 4599: 4597:9781135268176 4593: 4589: 4588: 4580: 4571: 4563: 4559: 4555: 4548: 4541: 4538:Zaloga 2008, 4535: 4526: 4519: 4516:Zaloga 2008, 4513: 4504: 4495: 4487: 4481: 4477: 4476: 4468: 4459: 4450: 4441: 4439: 4430: 4424: 4420: 4413: 4411: 4401: 4394: 4391:Zaloga 1994, 4388: 4380: 4374: 4370: 4363: 4354: 4352: 4342: 4335: 4332:Zaloga 2015, 4329: 4320: 4312: 4306: 4302: 4295: 4293: 4283: 4281: 4279: 4277: 4275: 4273: 4263: 4261: 4251: 4242: 4236: 4232: 4229:Zaloga 2015, 4226: 4222: 4206: 4198: 4192: 4183: 4176: 4170: 4166: 4151: 4150:Type 5 Chi-Ri 4147: 4146:Type 4 Chi-To 4143: 4141: 4137: 4133: 4131: 4127: 4123: 4121: 4117: 4113: 4111: 4107: 4106: 4098: 4095: 4093: 4090: 4088: 4085: 4083: 4080: 4078: 4075: 4074: 4063: 4056: 4049: 4046: 4043: 4040: 4037: 4034: 4031: 4028: 4027: 4026: 4021: 4018: 4017: 4016: 4014: 4007:Fu 2 receiver 4006: 4003: 4002: 4000: 3995: 3992: 3991: 3989: 3986: 3983: 3978: 3977: 3975: 3974: 3970: 3969: 3968: 3967: 3958: 3952: 3949: 3946: 3943: 3940: 3927: 3924: 3921: 3917: 3914: 3911: 3910: 3909: 3908:petrol engine 3905: 3901: 3900:Maybach HL230 3898: 3897: 3893: 3892: 3891: 3889: 3883: 3880: 3877: 3874: 3871: 3868: 3866: 3862: 3861: 3857: 3856: 3852: 3849: 3846: 3845: 3841: 3840: 3839: 3838: 3831: 3828: 3827:Maybach HL230 3824: 3823: 3819: 3818: 3814: 3811: 3808: 3805: 3801: 3800: 3796: 3795: 3791: 3787: 3786: 3777: 3773: 3770: 3767: 3764: 3761: 3758: 3753: 3748: 3747:Henrichshütte 3745: 3742: 3739: 3736: 3733: 3730: 3727: 3724: 3721: 3718: 3715: 3714: 3710: 3709: 3705: 3702: 3699: 3696: 3691: 3686: 3683: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3666: 3661: 3658: 3655: 3651: 3647: 3644: 3640: 3636: 3633: 3630: 3626: 3623: 3622: 3618: 3613: 3606: 3603: 3600: 3596: 3593: 3590: 3587: 3584: 3581: 3580: 3575: 3568: 3565: 3562: 3559: 3556: 3552: 3548: 3544: 3540: 3537: 3534: 3530: 3526: 3522: 3519: 3516: 3512: 3509: 3508: 3504: 3499: 3492: 3491: 3487: 3484: 3481: 3478: 3475: 3472: 3469: 3465: 3462: 3459: 3456: 3453: 3449: 3446: 3445: 3441: 3440: 3430: 3423: 3418: 3414: 3411:Panther with 3407: 3402: 3398: 3397:spaced armour 3395: 3388: 3383: 3376: 3371: 3370: 3364: 3362: 3358: 3353: 3351: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3335: 3333: 3329: 3323: 3320: 3318: 3313: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3302:Wacław Micuta 3299: 3295: 3291: 3288:, the Polish 3287: 3278: 3272: 3268: 3264: 3260: 3258: 3254: 3251:In May 1946, 3249: 3245: 3243: 3239: 3234: 3229: 3226: 3225:friendly fire 3222: 3213: 3205: 3201: 3198: 3196: 3192: 3191:Steven Zaloga 3188: 3184: 3173: 3170: 3162: 3152: 3148: 3142: 3141: 3136:This section 3134: 3130: 3125: 3124: 3113: 3109: 3108: 3104: 3102: 3098: 3097: 3093: 3091: 3087: 3083: 3080: 3077: 3076:Befehlspanzer 3074: 3071: 3067: 3066: 3061: 3060: 3056: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3042: 3032: 3028: 3019: 3017: 3013: 3006: 2996: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2976: 2974: 2970: 2965: 2957: 2952: 2948: 2946: 2942: 2941: 2936: 2932: 2927: 2919: 2910: 2906: 2903: 2898: 2896: 2895:Maybach HL230 2892: 2889: 2885: 2880: 2876: 2870: 2863: 2859: 2854: 2849: 2838: 2835: 2827: 2817: 2813: 2807: 2806: 2801:This section 2799: 2795: 2790: 2789: 2776: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2762: 2758: 2757:7.5 cm Pak 40 2754: 2750: 2749:Panzerschreck 2744: 2741: 2736: 2733: 2727: 2725: 2720: 2716: 2714: 2707: 2706: 2700: 2697: 2695: 2691: 2690:7.5 cm KwK 40 2687: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2670:Lesley McNair 2666: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2643: 2634: 2629: 2625: 2623: 2619: 2614: 2609: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2589: 2580: 2578: 2575:offensive at 2574: 2570: 2565: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2546: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2526: 2521: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2506: 2501: 2497: 2488: 2484: 2482: 2478: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2448: 2442: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2427: 2423: 2421: 2410: 2407: 2404: 2401: 2398: 2395: 2392: 2391: 2387: 2384: 2381: 2378: 2375: 2372: 2369: 2368: 2364: 2361: 2358: 2355: 2352: 2349: 2346: 2345: 2341: 2338: 2335: 2332: 2329: 2326: 2323: 2322: 2318: 2315: 2312: 2309: 2306: 2303: 2300: 2299: 2295: 2292: 2289: 2286: 2283: 2280: 2277: 2276: 2272: 2269: 2266: 2263: 2260: 2257: 2254: 2253: 2249: 2246: 2243: 2240: 2237: 2234: 2231: 2230: 2226: 2223: 2220: 2217: 2214: 2211: 2208: 2207: 2203: 2200: 2197: 2194: 2191: 2188: 2185: 2184: 2180: 2177: 2174: 2171: 2168: 2165: 2162: 2161: 2141: 2130: 2119: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2097: 2093: 2090: 2087: 2084: 2079: 2076: 2073: 2070: 2067: 2066: 2064: 2059: 2056: 2052: 2051: 2049: 2048: 2047: 2045: 2044: 2039: 2035: 2027: 2023: 2022: 2015: 2006: 2004: 2003:Eastern Front 2000: 1996: 1993:), 48 in the 1992: 1988: 1984: 1983:Atlantic Wall 1980: 1976: 1971: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1939:Fortification 1936: 1932: 1930: 1926: 1923: 1918: 1915: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1885: 1878: 1874: 1869: 1860: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1841: 1835: 1830: 1825: 1824: 1818: 1816: 1812: 1807: 1806: 1800: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1772: 1769: 1760: 1751: 1746: 1741: 1737: 1731: 1726: 1722: 1717: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1702: 1698: 1692: 1691:Eastern Front 1687: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1673: 1669: 1661: 1660:Eastern Front 1656: 1650:Eastern Front 1647: 1645: 1641: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1617: 1607: 1601: 1596: 1587: 1585: 1574: 1572: 1568: 1563: 1561: 1556: 1551: 1549: 1545: 1540: 1535: 1532:conversion's 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1496: 1487: 1478: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1463: 1460: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1445: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1431:spaced armour 1422: 1418: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1403: 1399: 1396: 1395:face-hardened 1386: 1382: 1378: 1375: 1374:machine tools 1371: 1367: 1357: 1353: 1351: 1348:gearbox from 1347: 1338: 1329: 1327: 1326:ball bearings 1323: 1318: 1316: 1309: 1308: 1303: 1301: 1296: 1292: 1287: 1285: 1280: 1277: 1275: 1271: 1270: 1264: 1259: 1255: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1234: 1229: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1169: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1157:petrol engine 1155: 1151: 1150:Maybach HL210 1141: 1132: 1130: 1125: 1121: 1118: 1114: 1108: 1103: 1093: 1084: 1082: 1077: 1075: 1070: 1069:forced labour 1066: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1035: 1032: 1031: 1027: 1022: 1017: 1014: 1013: 1009: 1007: 1004: 1003: 999: 995: 994: 989: 988: 984: 982:Manufacturer 981: 980: 969: 967:1943 to 1945 966: 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275: 271: 267: 263: 259: 255: 250: 244: 241: 238: 235: 232: 231:Befehlspanzer 229: 228: 226: 222: 218: 211: 207: 203: 195: 192:117,100 191: 187: 184: 180: 176: 172: 168: 164: 161: 158: 154: 149: 146: 143: 139: 132: 128: 126: 123: 121: 118: 116: 113: 112: 110: 106: 99: 96: 93: 92: 90: 86: 81: 78: 75: 71: 68: 65: 61: 54: 49: 45: 40: 37: 33: 26: 22: 8971:Background: 8970: 8928:Type 5 To-Ku 8923:Type 5 Ke-Ho 8818:Nahuel DL 43 8793:Black Prince 8614:AC1 Sentinel 8555: 8536:M26 Pershing 8519:M3 Lee/Grant 8466:Type 4 Ke-Nu 8461:Type 2 Ka-Mi 8456:Type 2 Ke-To 8446:Panzer 35(t) 8381:M3/M5 Stuart 8282:Designations 8268:VK 20 series 8263:VK 45.02 (P) 8243:P.1000 Ratte 8202:VK 45.01 (P) 8197:VK 30.01 (P) 8187:Pz. Sfl. IVc 8151:Panzer E-100 8048:Flakpanzer I 7995:Armored cars 7781:Assault guns 7673: 7659:Panzer 38(t) 7654:Panzer 35(t) 7579:M26 Pershing 7536:. Retrieved 7532:the original 7527: 7505: 7485: 7465: 7446: 7427: 7408: 7389: 7370: 7351: 7332: 7309: 7290: 7280: 7244: 7219: 7215: 7193: 7174: 7155: 7136: 7120:. Schiffer. 7117: 7098: 7079: 7060: 7041: 7022: 7001: 6980: 6961: 6942: 6922: 6913:Bibliography 6892: 6886: 6877: 6868: 6857:, retrieved 6852: 6843: 6834: 6827:. Retrieved 6818: 6806: 6797: 6790:. Retrieved 6785: 6776: 6765: 6756: 6737: 6706:. Retrieved 6701: 6691: 6683:the original 6678: 6647: 6641: 6633:the original 6628: 6618: 6606:. Retrieved 6601: 6592: 6583: 6541: 6534: 6515: 6509: 6481: 6474: 6466: 6461: 6453: 6448: 6436:. Retrieved 6426: 6398: 6391: 6349: 6342: 6333: 6324: 6315: 6306: 6297: 6288: 6279: 6271: 6266: 6258: 6253: 6245: 6240: 6232: 6231:Zaloga 2008 6227: 6218: 6209: 6201: 6196: 6188: 6183: 6177:2011 Reprint 6157: 6148: 6129: 6119: 6107:. 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Retrieved 4586: 4579: 4570: 4553: 4547: 4539: 4534: 4525: 4517: 4512: 4503: 4494: 4474: 4467: 4458: 4449: 4418: 4400: 4392: 4387: 4368: 4362: 4341: 4333: 4328: 4319: 4300: 4250: 4241: 4230: 4225: 4205: 4196: 4191: 4182: 4174: 4169: 4130:M26 Pershing 4061: 4024: 4012: 3956: 3936:) (on roads) 3906:four-stroke 3887: 3428: 3412: 3393: 3354: 3342: 3336: 3324: 3321: 3314: 3293: 3283: 3250: 3246: 3230: 3218: 3199: 3180: 3165: 3156: 3145:Please help 3140:verification 3137: 3105: 3096:Bergepanther 3094: 3081: 3075: 3063: 3057: 3050:Bergepanther 3049: 3029: 3025: 3015: 3008: 2983: 2979: 2977: 2972: 2963: 2961: 2955: 2938: 2934: 2928: 2924: 2907: 2899: 2878: 2871: 2867: 2830: 2821: 2810:Please help 2805:verification 2802: 2745: 2737: 2729: 2723: 2722: 2717: 2709: 2703: 2702: 2698: 2694:M26 Pershing 2667: 2638: 2610: 2594: 2577:Lake Balaton 2566: 2530: 2514: 2510: 2493: 2473: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2446: 2443: 2428: 2424: 2416: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2101: 2096:Bergepanther 2095: 2055:Befehlswagen 2054: 2042: 2037: 2033: 2031: 2020: 2001:, 36 on the 1990: 1978: 1974: 1972: 1959: 1957: 1947: 1933: 1921: 1919: 1916: 1906: 1900: 1888: 1881: 1844: 1842: 1839: 1821: 1820: 1810: 1803: 1801: 1773: 1765: 1718: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1680: 1676: 1665: 1643: 1639: 1637: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1612: 1580: 1564: 1552: 1521: 1513: 1505: 1492: 1464: 1461: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1442: 1434: 1427: 1392: 1383: 1379: 1363: 1354: 1343: 1319: 1311: 1305: 1304: 1299: 1294: 1289: 1288: 1283: 1282: 1278: 1267: 1262: 1260: 1240: 1238: 1232: 1217: 1213: 1195:caused by a 1170: 1147: 1138: 1126: 1122: 1098: 1078: 1046: 1006:Daimler-Benz 959:Bergepanther 907: 892: 877: 832:, after the 827: 810: 791: 785: 783: 771: 744: 733: 732: 730: 724: 723: 717: 715: 706:Albert Speer 701: 698:Albert Speer 690: 688: 682: 664: 655:Adolf Hitler 636: 620:Daimler-Benz 599:Daimler-Benz 584: 579:Albert Speer 559:Ausf. D 558: 556: 540: 520: 512:World War II 503: 495: 490: 489: 485: 483: 415:Transmission 407:Power/weight 376:7.92 mm 237:Bergepanther 230: 179:Daimler-Benz 174:Manufacturer 145:World War II 115:Nazi Germany 108:Used by 77:Nazi Germany 43: 36: 25:Panther KF51 8697:Type 2 Ho-I 8401:Renault R40 8391:M24 Chaffee 8361:Toldi tanks 8172:Sturer Emil 8109:Borgward IV 8023:Sd.Kfz. 247 8018:Sd.Kfz. 234 7907:Half-tracks 7892:Jagdpanther 7829:Panzerjäger 6859:24 February 6855:(in French) 6708:21 November 6235:pp. 194–195 5907:2 September 5477:pp. 184–193 5455:pp. 177–179 3922:, 74 octane 3865:torsion bar 3863:Type: dual 3820:Performance 3750: [ 3688: [ 3663: [ 3529:pistol port 3363:in Dorset. 3350:heavy tanks 3339:French Army 3284:During the 3159:August 2009 3059:Jagdpanther 2940:Schmaltürme 2931:gun mantlet 2753:Panzerfaust 2682:M18 Hellcat 2420:carburettor 2122:Reliability 2098:Sd.Kfz. 179 1999:Hitler Line 1995:Gothic Line 1952:Gothic Line 1948:Pantherturm 1811:Panzer Lehr 1805:Panzer Lehr 1793:M4 Shermans 1771:July 1944. 1743: [ 1728: [ 1600:gun mantlet 1522:Pzgr. 40/42 1506:Pzgr. 39/42 1415:US 90 mm M3 1411:100 mm BS-3 1407:122 mm A-19 1360:Final drive 1346:synchromesh 1274:half-tracks 1252: [ 1105: [ 1019: [ 985:% of total 769:in Kassel. 755:Marienfelde 751:Kummersdorf 659:leaf spring 508:medium tank 444:Operational 428:torsion bar 243:Jagdpanther 219:about 6,000 216: built 67:Medium tank 8991:Categories 8863:T20 medium 8757:Prototypes 8682:Matilda II 8624:Covenanter 8546:Panzer III 8524:M4 Sherman 8386:M22 Locust 8182:Pz.Sfl. II 8177:Dicker Max 8157:Panther II 8133:(VK 18.01) 8081:Kugelblitz 8071:Wirbelwind 8066:Möbelwagen 7867:RSO/PaK 40 7833:Jagdpanzer 7814:Sturmtiger 7751:Karl-Gerät 7664:Panzer III 7575:M4 Sherman 7184:0764310380 6109:29 October 6073:29 October 6026:6 November 5999:23 January 5329:Kursk 1943 4947:26 October 4603:30 January 4562:B004WXA45C 4156:References 4108:Hungarian 3930:‑imp 3797:Dimensions 3654:Bundeswehr 3643:Panther II 3639:Fort Moore 3625:Houffalize 3617:Houffalize 3605:Grandmenil 3515:CFB Borden 3312:post-war. 3084:Panther – 3065:Jagdpanzer 3016:Schmalturm 2992:M47 Patton 2984:Schmalturm 2980:Schmalturm 2973:Schmalturm 2964:Schmalturm 2956:Schmalturm 2902:Panther II 2891:turboshaft 2862:Fort Moore 2784:Panther II 2773:Jagdpanzer 2622:M4 Sherman 2435:Panzer III 2370:15 Mar 45 2347:15 Jan 45 2324:30 Dec 44 2301:15 Dec 44 2278:30 Nov 44 2255:15 Nov 44 2232:31 Oct 44 2209:30 Sep 44 2186:14 Sep 44 2163:31 May 44 1960:Ringstände 1539:trajectory 1475:molybdenum 1269:rasputitsa 1249:Ernst Lehr 1223:Suspension 1181:crankshaft 1081:Panzer III 1057:Panzer III 1049:Reichsmark 863:Prototype 798:Auto Union 741:Production 694:Fritz Todt 669:and eight 624:Panzer III 608:KV-1 tanks 587:Panzer III 548:logistical 527:Panzer III 496:Pz.Kpfw. V 423:Suspension 270:short tons 8888:T34 Heavy 8883:T32 Heavy 8878:T30 Heavy 8873:T29 Heavy 8858:T14 heavy 8848:Schofield 8843:Sahariano 8803:Excelsior 8687:Valentine 8677:Churchill 8551:Panzer IV 8514:M2 Medium 8441:Panzer II 8233:Panzer IX 8127:(VK 6.01) 7920:Sd.Kfz. 2 7897:Jagdtiger 7804:StuIG 33B 7669:Panzer IV 7649:Panzer II 7271:300987379 6569:cite book 6561:857907743 6501:881608059 6438:11 August 6418:775660192 6377:cite book 6369:722832326 5729:16 August 5502:pp. 47–66 5135:pp. 13–14 4900:27 August 4699:Pan Books 4542:pp. 13–14 4218:Citations 4175:Waffenamt 4144:Japanese 3934:‑US 3790:commander 3505:in Ottawa 3290:Home Army 2651:Cromwells 2439:Panzer IV 1616:shot trap 1560:arrowslit 1514:Sprgr. 42 1307:failures. 1165:HL230 P30 1161:metric hp 1061:Panzer IV 869:Sep 1942 774:Nuremberg 757:, former 747:prototype 702:Wa Prüf 6 612:Wa Prüf 6 591:Panzer IV 531:Panzer IV 365:Secondary 337:16–100 mm 266:long tons 8747:Tiger II 8669:Infantry 8634:Cavalier 8629:Crusader 8436:Panzer I 8431:Tetrarch 8238:Panzer X 8104:Springer 7915:Maultier 7852:Marder I 7809:Brummbär 7789:StuG III 7684:Tiger II 7644:Panzer I 7263:67016454 6829:17 March 6823:Archived 6792:17 March 6786:BBC News 6767:Die Welt 6745:Archived 6608:24 March 5782:6 August 5760:6 August 5697:"page 2" 5166:56667468 4134:British 4071:See also 3971:Armament 3804:main gun 3547:Overloon 3413:Schürzen 3394:Schürzen 3306:Gęsiówka 3242:Budapest 3221:Red Army 3070:casemate 3062:– heavy 3010:E-50. A 2969:Tiger II 2875:Tiger II 2765:StuG III 2527:, Russia 2155:Panther 2146:Panther 1991:Westwall 1710:Gęsiówka 1481:Armament 1471:tungsten 1457:Zimmerit 1453:Zimmerit 1449:Zimmerit 1444:Zimmerit 1435:Schürzen 1315:Tiger II 1205:crankpin 1185:journals 1177:cylinder 1127:General 1053:StuG III 805:Wanderer 761:plant), 675:Henschel 628:StuG III 367:armament 345:armament 224:Variants 205:Produced 166:Designed 156:Designer 8938:Verdeja 8933:Valiant 8768:44M Tas 8742:Tiger I 8737:KV tank 8715:IS tank 8654:Grizzly 8606:Cruiser 8406:NI tank 8366:KhTZ-16 8099:Goliath 8076:Ostwind 7877:Elefant 7872:Nashorn 7799:StuH 42 7794:StuG IV 7679:Tiger I 7674:Panther 7591:YouTube 7561:Panther 7538:24 June 7236:2280189 6923:Panther 6629:De Tank 5885:pp. 6–7 4116:T-34-85 4114:Soviet 4110:44M Tas 3829:engine) 3532:public. 3367:Gallery 3332:Munster 3253:Romania 3233:Hungary 3112:Flak 43 3068:-style 2884:BMW 003 2769:StuG IV 2561:Elefant 2549:ISU-152 2525:Kubinka 2505:Kubinka 2393:Average 2028:in 1944 2026:Ukraine 1964:Tobruks 1927:of the 1877:sponson 1797:Firefly 1544:Tiger I 1439:PTRS-41 1370:Tiger I 1291:broken. 1266:autumn 1074:Tiger I 1065:Tiger I 912:~2,961 908:Ausf. G 893:Ausf. A 878:Ausf. D 852:Number 801:Siegmar 679:Tiger I 535:Tiger I 504:Sd.Kfz. 498:) with 486:Panther 426:double 268:; 49.4 125:Hungary 8788:AMX 40 8541:P26/40 8509:M15/42 8504:M14/41 8499:M13/40 8494:M11/39 8476:Medium 8003:Kfz 13 7887:Hetzer 7847:35R(f) 7736:Hummel 7731:Grille 7512: 7493: 7472: 7453: 7434: 7415: 7396: 7377: 7358: 7339: 7320: 7297: 7269: 7261: 7251: 7234: 7200: 7181: 7162: 7143: 7124: 7105: 7086: 7067: 7048: 7029: 7010: 6987: 6968: 6949: 6930: 6899: 6654: 6559: 6549: 6522: 6499: 6489: 6416: 6406: 6367: 6357: 6274:p. 289 6248:p. 218 6136: 6100: 6064: 5644: 5610: 5558: 5437:p. 193 5164: 4938: 4677:p. 221 4594: 4560: 4520:p. 182 4482: 4425: 4375: 4336:p. 202 4307: 4062: 4019:Armour 3957: 3920:petrol 3918:Fuel: 3711:Wrecks 3619:, 1945 3347:ARL 44 3183:AMX 50 2888:GT 101 2771:, and 2761:Marder 2665:shot. 2569:SU-100 2533:SU-152 2470:Soviet 2158:Tiger 2152:Pz IV 2149:Tiger 2143:Pz IV 2116:Panzer 2112:Panzer 2108:Panzer 2038:Panzer 2034:Panzer 1834:Bocage 1784:bocage 1662:, 1944 1590:Turret 1516:) and 1467:nickel 1398:glacis 1389:Armour 1144:Engine 1117:glacis 1087:Design 1033:Other 1025:(MNH) 997:(MAN) 897:2,200 858:Notes 849:Model 778:Allied 647:turret 630:, and 570:Design 389:Engine 333:Armour 311:Height 277:Length 264:(44.1 262:tonnes 160:MAN AG 120:France 8707:Heavy 8649:Comet 8371:L6/40 8353:Light 7716:Wespe 7711:Bufla 7636:Tanks 7232:JSTOR 6456:p. 75 6191:p. 28 6044:p. 41 5965:p. 11 5664:p. 95 5527:p. 38 5222:p. 34 5209:p. 22 5122:p. 13 4988:Jentz 4918:p. 30 4701:1983. 4695:p.133 4395:p. 17 4210:tank. 4161:Notes 4136:Comet 3754:] 3692:] 3671:Breda 3667:] 3294:Magda 3090:MG 34 2659:APCBC 2655:Comet 2606:D-Day 2557:Tiger 2541:KV-1S 2431:HL230 2132:Date 1747:] 1732:] 1714:Wacek 1555:MG 34 1504:-HE ( 1502:APCBC 1295:Cause 1256:] 1109:] 1023:] 950:1944 855:Date 595:VK 20 446:range 379:MG 34 294:Width 260:44.8 177:MAN, 8903:TOG2 8898:TOG1 8893:T-43 8783:AELT 8730:IS-3 8725:IS-2 8720:IS-1 8692:T-50 8576:T-44 8571:T-34 8426:T-70 8421:T-60 8416:T-40 8411:T-26 8228:Löwe 8028:ADGZ 7540:2005 7510:ISBN 7491:ISBN 7470:ISBN 7451:ISBN 7432:ISBN 7413:ISBN 7394:ISBN 7375:ISBN 7356:ISBN 7337:ISBN 7318:ISBN 7295:ISBN 7267:OCLC 7259:LCCN 7249:ISBN 7198:ISBN 7179:ISBN 7160:ISBN 7141:ISBN 7122:ISBN 7103:ISBN 7084:ISBN 7065:ISBN 7046:ISBN 7027:ISBN 7008:ISBN 6985:ISBN 6966:ISBN 6947:ISBN 6928:ISBN 6897:ISBN 6861:2013 6831:2017 6794:2017 6710:2014 6652:ISBN 6610:2024 6575:link 6557:OCLC 6547:ISBN 6520:ISBN 6497:OCLC 6487:ISBN 6440:2010 6414:OCLC 6404:ISBN 6383:link 6365:OCLC 6355:ISBN 6134:ISBN 6111:2020 6098:ISBN 6075:2020 6062:ISBN 6028:2014 6001:2015 5909:2024 5784:2022 5762:2022 5731:2024 5642:ISBN 5608:ISBN 5556:ISBN 5540:p. 5 5390:2019 5162:OCLC 4949:2020 4936:ISBN 4902:2019 4605:2020 4592:ISBN 4558:ASIN 4480:ISBN 4423:ISBN 4373:ISBN 4305:ISBN 4195:The 4148:and 4138:and 4128:and 4120:T-44 4118:and 3902:P30 3650:Kiel 3599:REME 3555:PIAT 3525:Thun 3427:The 2999:E-50 2962:The 2751:and 2713:HVAP 2663:APDS 2531:The 2500:IS-2 2477:D-5T 2437:and 1997:and 1985:and 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