295:(notes whose frequencies are odd-number multiples of the fundamental), near a 12th in cylindrical tubes, may also be produced. The Romanian pan flute has the pipes arranged in a curved array, solidly glued together, unlike Andean versions, which are usually tied together. Thus, the player can easily reach all the notes by simply swiveling the head, or by moving the instrument with the hands. These instruments can also play all the sharps and flats, with a special technique of both tilting the pipes and jaw movement, thus reducing the size of the pipe's opening and producing a change in pitch. A very advanced player can play any scale and in any key. There are two styles of vibrato possible, hand vibrato and breath vibrato. In hand vibrato, the pitch is shifted up and down, like a vocal vibrato. The player gently moves one end of the pan flute (usually the high end) somewhat similar to violin vibrato. Breath, or throat vibrato, which is more accurately described as a
38:
108:
366:
52:
257:). An inner diameter range between 1/7 and 1/14 of the length L is acceptable. A narrow tube will sound "reedy", while a wide one will sound "flutey". A more exact method is to multiply the bore diameter by 0.82 and subtract this value from the tube length. This compensates for internal compression slowing frequency and the lips partially covering the voicing. Only tiny adjustments will be needed then to adjust fundamental pitch for air density and temperature.
3047:
176:. In her attempt to escape the affection of god Pan (a creature half goat and half man), she was transformed into a water-reed or calamos (cane-reed). Then, Pan cut several reeds, placed them in parallel one next to the other, and bound them together to make a melodic musical instrument. Ancient Greeks called this instrument Syrinx, in honour of the Muse, and Pandean, or Pan-pipes and Pan-flute, after Pan. (Syrinx was a different musical instrument from
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253:) = 8575). Because of a property of compression within the tube, the length must be a little shorter to correct flat pitch. The extra length is helpful for a maker, who can use a cork or plug at the bottom to adjust the pitch. Some instruments use wax or pellets to tune the fundamental pitch of each tube. A tube that has a diameter 1/10 of its length yields a typical tone colour (see
217:. Sound is produced by the vibration of an air-stream blowing across an open hole at the end of a resonating tube. The length of the tube determines the fundamental frequency. An overblown harmonic register is near a 12th above the fundamental in cylindrical tubes, but can approach an octave jump (8th) if a decreasing taper is used.
384:
The curved-style pan flute was popularized by the
Romanian musician Gheorghe Zamfir, who toured extensively and recorded many albums of pan flute music in the 1970s, and by several other artists who began recording at the same time. Today there are thousands of devoted players across Europe, Asia and
183:
The Syrinx, a predominantly pastoral instrument for the Greeks, was adopted by the
Etruscans who played it at their festivals and banquets; the Etruscans called it fistula. The Romans adopted the Syrinx from the Greeks and the Etruscans, and they too played it at their banquets, festivals, as well as
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Some new designs are beginning to appear, as designers and makers take advantage of computer-aided design and 3D additive manufacturing, to move past the limitations of traditional tool and materials. These new pan flutes address some long-standing issues to make it an easier instrument to learn and
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The pan flute's tubes are stopped at one end, at which the standing wave is reflected giving a note an octave lower than that produced by an open pipe of equal length. In the traditional South
American style, pipes are fine-tuned to correct pitch by placing small pebbles or dry corn kernels into the
228:
or a full octave, every half-step in a chromatic scale is multiplied by the 12th root of 2 to get the note next to it. By this, it is possible to calculate the length of any pipe, given that one knows the length of any one pipe. The formula for calculating the length of a pan flute pipe is
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mobile knife sharpeners in
Portugal, Spain, Argentina and Mexico, who blew quick, loud scales to announce their arrival in the neighborhood. They were traditionally bored from a block of wood, but more recently have been cast in
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According to the
Fundamental Principle for pan flutes, the frequency and the length of the tube are inversely proportional. Every time the pitch goes up one
205:) to tune new instruments. Special tools are used to place or remove the wax. Corks and rubber stoppers are also used, and are easier to quickly tune pipes.
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The pan flute is played by blowing horizontally across an open end against the sharp inner edge of the pipes. Each pipe is tuned to a keynote, called the
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555:
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panpipe. (n.d.). The
American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Retrieved July 17, 2008, from Dictionary.com website:
87:, consisting of multiple pipes of gradually increasing length (and occasionally girth). Multiple varieties of pan flutes have been popular as
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or volume swell, is the same technique used by players of the flute and other woodwinds by use of the player's diaphragm, or throat muscles.
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region of the country. The player alters notes by rotating the instrument with the hands, rather than by head movements.
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plays the quills, a traditional
African-American pan flute, suspending it in front of his mouth with a
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the
Americas. Both the curved and traditional South American variations are also very popular in
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bottom of the pipes. Contemporary makers of curved
Romanian-style panpipes use wax (commonly
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and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by
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f, that quantity divided by 4; this simplifies and rearranges to: Length of pipe (in
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Quills, an
African-American instrument known primarily through the recordings of
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99:, or local reeds. Other materials include wood, plastic, metal, and clay.
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The god Pan playing on his Pan flute. Excerpt from the Flemish magazine
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180:. Aulos is often translated as "flute" or "double flute" in english).
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149: – 1st century BC Roman replica of 2nd century BC Greek original
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of nature and shepherds, often depicted with such an instrument.
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The pan flute has become widely associated with the character
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760:"Ancient Roman Music and Roman Musical Instruments | UNRV"
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224:, the frequency doubles. Because there are 12 notes in a
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c = 343 m/s, divided by the desired frequency in
30:"Pipes of Pan" redirects here. For other uses, see
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861:Instrumentos Musicales en los Museos de Urueña
582:(American, played a variant known as "quills")
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27:Musical instrument, typically made from bamboo
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954:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
404:, there is a cylindrical version called the
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161:, whose name was inspired by the god Pan.
910:"Dom Flemons - Susquehanna Folk Festival"
353:Learn how and when to remove this message
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504:and the southern sides of provinces of
233:(the "theoretical length" L equals the
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934:Definition of panpipe | Dictionary.com
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744:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
535:has revived the playing of the quills.
184:in religious and funeral processions.
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966:A Worldwide History of the Pan Flute
667:
665:
335:adding citations to reliable sources
306:
91:. The pipes are typically made from
231:L = (c / f) / 4
24:
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850:. Garden City, N.Y., Anchor Books.
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3082:Ancient Greek musical instruments
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2581:Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
496:is a popular folk instrument in
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802:Music, Physics, and Engineering
322:needs additional citations for
59:is made from bamboo bound with
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673:"Panpipe | musical instrument"
636:
408:, used in folk music from the
83:based on the principle of the
13:
1:
3097:Ukrainian musical instruments
2324:List of Renaissance composers
629:
389:traditional groups and other
302:
127:The pan flute is named after
32:Pipes of Pan (disambiguation)
580:Henry "Ragtime Texas" Thomas
208:
187:
7:
914:Susquehannafolkfestival.org
607:
550:Notable pan flute musicians
10:
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3107:Sacred musical instruments
2954:Petrus Phalesius the Elder
2769:English Virginalist School
846:Horns, Strings and Harmony
649:World History Encyclopedia
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29:
3087:Early musical instruments
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842:Benade, Arthur H (1960).
697:"Regenboog. Nr.1 Verluid"
1747:Chinese folk flute music
472:A small panflute called
419:
375:Carolina Chocolate Drops
159:Sir James Matthew Barrie
115:. Draft for the woodcut
55:This pan flute from the
2764:English Madrigal School
951:Encyclopædia Britannica
888:Personajes de la ciudad
806:. Courier Corporation.
798:Olson, Harry F (1967).
677:Encyclopedia Britannica
196:Two Romanian pan flutes
102:
2606:Tomás Luis de Victoria
2410:Oswald von Wolkenstein
523:in the 1920s, and the
381:
280:
197:
172:(Σύριγξ) was a forest
150:
124:
64:
48:
47:is an Andean pan flute
2626:Transition to Baroque
2571:Pierre de Manchicourt
1492:Native American flute
976:Information on quills
368:
268:
195:
141:
110:
54:
40:
2656:Girolamo Frescobaldi
2463:Cristóbal de Morales
1752:List of compositions
870:: Chiflo de Afilador
829:Secrets of the Flute
598:adding missing items
416:to play accurately.
331:improve this article
213:The pan flute is an
123:. Published in 1918.
2774:Florentine Camerata
2746:Composition schools
2405:Gaspar van Weerbeke
1121:Simple system flute
827:Price, Lew Paxton.
619:Fife and drum blues
2969:Thomas Vautrollier
2949:Ottaviano Petrucci
2924:Pierre Attaingnant
2914:Hieronymus Andreae
2721:Michael Praetorius
2706:Claudio Monteverdi
2696:Giovanni de Macque
2691:Luzzasco Luzzaschi
2661:Alfonso Fontanelli
2551:Francisco Guerrero
2526:Antonio de Cabezón
2438:Thomas Crecquillon
2420:Middle (1470–1530)
2400:Johannes Tinctoris
2340:Alexander Agricola
1731:Shepherd's whistle
893:2008-10-13 at the
885:, 28 August 2005,
866:2020-11-06 at the
588:(Romanian/Swedish)
531:. More recently,
500:, the province of
382:
369:American musician
281:
273:airman playing an
198:
151:
125:
81:musical instrument
65:
49:
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2666:Giovanni Gabrieli
2493:Philippe Verdelot
2390:Johannes Ockeghem
2332:Early (1400–1470)
2315:Renaissance music
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2240:
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1595:Soprano (descant)
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1216:
1204:Double contrabass
624:Siku (instrument)
614:List of flautists
556:Ulrich Herkenhoff
363:
362:
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271:Peruvian-American
16:(Redirected from
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2929:Vittorio Baldini
2906:Music publishing
2681:Hans Leo Hassler
2636:Gregorio Allegri
2591:Cipriano de Rore
2566:Vicente Lusitano
2561:Orlando di Lasso
2516:Jacques Arcadelt
2483:Pierre de la Rue
2478:Josquin des Prez
2458:Clément Janequin
2453:Antoine de Févin
2443:Antonius Divitis
2385:Johannes Martini
2360:Guillaume Du Fay
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2731:Heinrich Schütz
2726:Philippe Rogier
2676:Orlando Gibbons
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2611:Giaches de Wert
2601:Christopher Tye
2556:Claude Le Jeune
2546:Claude Goudimel
2541:Nicolas Gombert
2536:Andrea Gabrieli
2531:Jacobus Clemens
2502:
2498:Adrian Willaert
2428:Martin Agricola
2414:
2350:Antoine Busnois
2345:Gilles Binchois
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2317:
2312:
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2263:Byzantine music
2253:Music of Greece
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226:chromatic scale
215:end-blown flute
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166:Greek mythology
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71:(also known as
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1054:Five-key flute
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960:External links
958:
957:
956:
945:"Syrinx"
942:, ed. (1911).
940:Chisholm, Hugh
936:
927:
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883:- Revista Viva
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379:harmonica rack
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235:speed of sound
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3038:Baroque music
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2028:Politiki lyra
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1517:Slide whistle
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1467:Hydraulophone
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1233:Anasazi flute
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1199:Subcontrabass
1197:
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1174:Flûte d'amour
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897:- El afilador
896:
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857:
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823:
815:
813:9780486217697
809:
804:
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755:
747:
741:
727:on 2020-10-29
726:
722:
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586:Dana Dragomir
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388:
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357:
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346:
343:February 2021
336:
332:
326:
325:
320:This section
318:
314:
309:
308:
300:
298:
294:
293:odd harmonics
290:
286:
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53:
46:
45:
39:
33:
19:
3036:
3029:
3000:Architecture
2934:Jacob Bathen
2651:John Dowland
2521:William Byrd
2395:Leonel Power
2273:Greek dances
2130:Askomandoura
1924:
1672:Willow flute
1356:
1300:Nose whistle
971:Spirit Flute
949:
917:. Retrieved
913:
904:
886:
879:
875:
856:
845:
837:
828:
822:
801:
793:
778:
767:. Retrieved
764:www.unrv.com
763:
754:
729:. Retrieved
725:the original
715:
704:. Retrieved
701:lib.ugent.be
700:
691:
680:. Retrieved
676:
653:. Retrieved
647:
638:
594:dynamic list
576:(Ecuadorian)
529:Sid Hemphill
521:Henry Thomas
484:was used by
479:
473:
414:
395:
391:Andean music
383:
349:
340:
329:Please help
324:verification
321:
284:
282:
230:
219:
212:
199:
182:
163:
152:
126:
121:Jozef Cantré
116:
112:
76:
72:
68:
66:
42:
2990:Renaissance
2985:Early music
2881:Netherlands
2861:Elizabethan
2716:Jacopo Peri
2686:Alonso Lobo
2646:John Cooper
2508:Late (1530)
2468:Jean Mouton
2380:Jean Japart
2370:Walter Frye
2023:Pontic lyra
2018:Cretan lyra
1958:Water organ
1605:Voice flute
1547:Tin whistle
1487:Low whistle
1422:Almpfeiferl
1189:Contra-alto
1106:Irish flute
1101:Glass flute
919:21 February
644:"Pan Flute"
533:Dom Flemons
525:Delta blues
371:Dom Flemons
289:overblowing
285:fundamental
243:centimeters
157:created by
85:closed tube
3076:Categories
3015:Philosophy
3010:Literature
2978:Background
2844:Traditions
2820:Magnificat
2810:Intermedio
2754:Burgundian
2207:Idiophones
2188:Tambourine
2174:Percussion
1940:Percussion
1625:Contrabass
1620:Great bass
1542:Tabor pipe
1497:Organ pipe
1290:Nose flute
1263:Shakuhachi
1194:Contrabass
785:"Panpipes"
769:2023-12-01
731:2020-05-20
706:2020-08-31
682:2019-07-05
655:2019-07-05
630:References
592:This is a
570:(Romanian)
303:Variations
97:giant cane
3102:Pan (god)
2830:Offertory
2759:Colorists
2621:Mannerism
2268:Nisiotika
2214:Koudounia
2193:Toubeleki
2140:Tsampouna
2089:Tambouras
1925:Pan flute
1883:Epigonion
1757:Tone hole
1711:Molinukai
1590:Sopranino
1577:Recorders
1527:Spilåpipa
1512:Sjøfløyte
1452:Flageolet
1432:Dentsivka
1427:Atenteben
1209:Hyperbass
1064:Kagurabue
574:Leo Rojas
527:musician
494:firlinfeu
469:(Ukraine)
247:Frequency
209:Acoustics
188:Structure
155:Peter Pan
133:Greek god
113:Regenboog
69:pan flute
3092:Panpipes
3051:Category
3028: ←
2891:Portugal
2815:Madrigal
2789:Venetian
2246:See also
2165:Souravli
2150:Karamuza
2145:Floghera
2110:Santouri
2094:Thaboura
2084:Psaltery
2074:Mandolin
2054:Bouzouki
1976:Medieval
1953:Crotalum
1948:Cochilia
1898:Trigonon
1865:Phorminx
1850:Barbiton
1694:Gemshorn
1667:Koncovka
1649:Overtone
1585:Garklein
1522:Souravli
1502:Salamuri
1442:Dvoyanka
1370:Larchemi
1307:Pinkillu
1295:Kalaleng
1258:Hotchiku
1243:Floghera
1089:Shinobue
1016:whistles
891:Archived
864:Archived
740:cite web
608:See also
558:(German)
544:Larchemi
489:plastic.
486:Galician
402:Thailand
387:Peruvian
73:panpipes
63:and rope
18:Panpipes
3041:→
2871:Germany
2851:British
2224:Trigono
2198:Tympano
2160:Mantura
2155:Lalitsa
2069:Mandola
2047:Plucked
1988:Organon
1963:Sistrum
1930:Salpinx
1893:Sambuca
1888:Magadis
1860:Kithara
1832:Pandura
1816:Ancient
1721:Tonette
1716:Ocarina
1662:Kalyuka
1567:Zuffolo
1557:Whistle
1532:Stabule
1447:Flabiol
1395:Soinari
1385:Paixiao
1365:Kuvytsi
1342:Washint
1332:Šupelka
1327:Sopilka
1169:Concert
1164:Soprano
1154:Piccolo
1146:Concert
1094:Yokobue
1084:Ryūteki
1074:Minteki
1069:Komabue
1039:Daegeum
1034:Bansuri
564:(Dutch)
539:Soinari
498:Brianza
459:Svyryli
455:Kuvytsi
444:Moldova
440:Romania
426:Paixiao
373:of the
297:tremolo
278:zampoña
261:Playing
203:beeswax
147:Daphnis
79:) is a
3061:Portal
2886:Poland
2866:France
2856:Cyprus
2835:Pavane
2629:c.1600
2219:Stamna
2103:Struck
2079:Oudola
2064:Laouto
2059:Guitar
2004:String
1997:Modern
1855:Chelys
1824:String
1699:Pifana
1686:Vessel
1657:Fujara
1562:Xirula
1552:Txistu
1462:Fujara
1414:Fipple
1380:Miskal
1337:Svirel
1322:Sodina
1280:Kōauau
1248:Frilka
1159:Treble
1126:Tambin
1079:Nohkan
1012:Flutes
881:Clarín
810:
475:chiflo
255:Timbre
222:octave
170:Syrinx
131:, the
93:bamboo
77:syrinx
3005:Dance
2896:Spain
2876:Italy
2805:Carol
2784:Roman
2229:Zilia
2135:Gaida
2011:Bowed
1920:Aulos
1762:Uakti
1740:Other
1610:Tenor
1537:Tarka
1482:Kuisi
1477:Khlui
1472:Khloy
1457:Frula
1437:Diple
1317:Quray
1275:Kaval
1238:Danso
1225:blown
1136:Xindi
1111:Koudi
1026:blown
1024:Side-
600:with
514:Italy
506:Lecco
502:Monza
481:xipro
463:Rebro
420:Types
410:Isaan
275:Incan
251:hertz
239:hertz
178:Aulos
174:nymph
61:reeds
2825:Mass
2623:and
2123:Wind
1912:Wind
1875:Harp
1842:Lyre
1615:Bass
1507:Shvi
1390:Siku
1347:Xiao
1312:Qina
1270:Gudi
1223:End-
1184:Bass
1179:Alto
1131:Venu
1049:Fife
1044:Dizi
1014:and
921:2019
808:ISBN
746:link
510:Como
508:and
492:The
450:Siku
400:and
398:Laos
249:(in
245:) ×
145:and
103:Name
44:siku
41:The
2995:Art
1726:Xun
1706:Hun
1400:Wot
1375:Nai
1357:Pan
1285:Ney
1253:Fue
1116:Sáo
1059:Fue
478:or
467:Nai
436:Nai
431:Wot
406:wot
396:In
333:by
164:In
143:Pan
129:Pan
119:of
117:Pan
75:or
3078::
948:.
912:.
762:.
742:}}
738:{{
699:.
675:.
664:^
646:.
516:).
465:,
461:,
457:,
446:).
442:,
393:.
269:A
168:,
95:,
67:A
2307:e
2300:t
2293:v
1801:e
1794:t
1787:v
1004:e
997:t
990:v
923:.
899:.
831:.
816:.
787:.
772:.
748:)
734:.
709:.
685:.
658:.
604:.
512:(
438:(
356:)
350:(
345:)
341:(
327:.
34:.
20:)
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