291:
194:
769:
53:
44:
832:
3647:
35:
2268:
893:
837:
836:
835:
777:
2206:"Impact of Replacement of Individual Dietary SFAs on Circulating Lipids and Other Biomarkers of Cardiometabolic Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials in Humans"
2700:
2694:
749:
2640:
1244:
and is the precursor to longer fatty acids. As a consequence, palmitic acid is a major body component of animals. In humans, one analysis found it to make up 21–30% (molar) of human
992:
of palmitic acid. The palmitate anion is the observed form of palmitic acid at physiologic pH (7.4). Major sources of C16:0 are palm oil, palm kernel oil, coconut oil, and milk fat.
2765:
2204:
Sellem, Laury; Flourakis, Matthieu; Jackson, Kim G; Joris, Peter J; Lumley, James; Lohner, Szimonetta; Mensink, Ronald P; Soedamah-Muthu, Sabita S; Lovegrove, Julie A (2021-11-25).
2120:"Effects of dietary fatty acids and carbohydrates on the ratio of serum total to HDL cholesterol and on serum lipids and apolipoproteins: a meta-analysis of 60 controlled trials"
2753:
2634:
2628:
2664:
2903:
2759:
2622:
811:
838:
2956:
2610:
2561:
2555:
2616:
2830:
2790:
2784:
2725:
2598:
3019:
3011:
2992:
2973:
2567:
2711:
3031:
2604:
906:
2592:
2586:
2191:
978:), making up to 44% of total fats. Meats, cheeses, butter, and other dairy products also contain palmitic acid, amounting to 50–60% of total fats.
860:
3527:
340:
3601:
2286:
964:, and its C:D ratio (the total number of carbon atoms to the number of carbon-carbon double bonds) is 16:0. It is a major component of
853:
3658:
1032:
Palmitic acid is produced by a wide range of plants and organisms, typically at low levels. Among common foods it is present in
718:
2316:
691:
212:
1834:
Anneken, David J.; Both, Sabine; Christoph, Ralf; Fieg, Georg; Steinberner, Udo; Westfechtel, Alfred (2006). "Fatty Acids".
3606:
1350:), palmitic acid and its sodium salt find wide use in foodstuffs. Sodium palmitate is permitted as a natural additive in
901:
3542:
3522:
3065:
2180:
1953:
1851:
1675:
1893:
3586:
305:
3627:
3082:
1662:
Gunstone, F. D., John L. Harwood, and Albert J. Dijkstra. The Lipid
Handbook, 3rd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2007.
913:
3632:
846:
2160:"Effects of saturated fatty acids on serum lipids and lipoproteins: a systematic review and regression analysis"
2159:
3569:
2272:
1667:
131:
3682:
3532:
1590:
805:
248:
189:
3622:
3228:
3596:
269:
151:
3574:
3564:
3451:
3210:
768:
581:
2836:
2309:
1766:
Loften, J.R.; Linn, J.G.; Drackley, J.K.; Jenkins, T.C.; Soderholm, C.G.; Kertz, A.F. (August 2014).
1395:
17:
1546:
3537:
286:
1405:
A 2021 review indicated that replacing dietary palmitic acid and other saturated fatty acids with
3697:
2549:
1391:
1021:
600:
3354:
3181:
3058:
1406:
1399:
1253:
667:
1867:
1498:
1008:
of palm oil, which process remains today the primary industrial route for producing the acid.
2860:
2854:
2682:
2676:
2670:
2543:
2280:
1698:
1351:
791:
761:
2737:
2731:
1687:
1390:
It is well accepted in the medical community that palmitic acid from dietary sources raises
3687:
3579:
3466:
3298:
3141:
2812:
2688:
2513:
2302:
1241:
941:
490:
257:
65:
1600:, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg (MD) (retrieved 2014-05-11)
8:
3431:
3349:
3328:
3158:
1971:
1650:
171:
97:
2658:
2646:
290:
193:
107:
3426:
3391:
3371:
3366:
3200:
3193:
3174:
2938:
2914:
2871:
2776:
2578:
2240:
2205:
1993:
1966:
1815:
Frémy, E. (1842). "Memoire sur les produits de la saponification de l'huile de palme".
1735:
1700:
1699:
Gianfranca Carta; Elisabetta Murru; Sebastiano Banni; Claudia Manca (8 November 2017).
1633:
1435:
1418:
933:
1271:
Some proteins are modified by the addition of a palmitoyl group in a process known as
3692:
3651:
3303:
3121:
3051:
3025:
2802:
2477:
2453:
2417:
2245:
2227:
2176:
2141:
2039:
1998:
1949:
1917:
1909:
1847:
1797:
1789:
1740:
1722:
1671:
1663:
1430:
1314:
970:
314:
InChI=1S/C16H32O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16(17)18/h2-15H2,1H3,(H,17,18)
1637:
324:
InChI=1/C16H32O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16(17)18/h2-15H2,1H3,(H,17,18)
82:
3105:
2879:
2848:
2719:
2652:
2537:
2501:
2441:
2235:
2217:
2131:
2100:
2088:
2029:
1988:
1980:
1839:
1779:
1748:
1730:
1712:
1623:
1363:
1347:
1319:
1276:
985:
945:
613:
457:
363:
1843:
3318:
3243:
3128:
3091:
2489:
2471:
2465:
2405:
2381:
1561:
1382:. The word "napalm" is derived from the words naphthenic acid and palmitic acid.
1367:
1207:
1157:
1073:
1523:
1001:
237:
3461:
3323:
3098:
2897:
2842:
2824:
2519:
2447:
2393:
2345:
2222:
1445:
1309:
1272:
1245:
1147:
1005:
884:
567:
543:
1768:"Invited review: Palmitic and stearic acid metabolism in lactating dairy cows"
3676:
3591:
3517:
3482:
3416:
3381:
3376:
3308:
3260:
3255:
3165:
3000:
2981:
2950:
2885:
2818:
2796:
2507:
2495:
2429:
2411:
2375:
2369:
2337:
2231:
2136:
2119:
1921:
1913:
1793:
1726:
1717:
1494:
1440:
1371:
1301:
1069:
1061:
648:
557:
434:
424:
182:
2034:
2017:
1701:"Palmitic Acid: Physiological Role, Metabolism and Nutritional Implications"
1628:
1611:
3441:
3436:
3280:
3275:
3151:
2928:
2891:
2747:
2525:
2483:
2459:
2435:
2363:
2357:
2351:
2249:
2145:
2002:
1801:
1744:
1375:
1217:
1127:
1049:
1009:
482:
1784:
1767:
1752:
859:
52:
3386:
3238:
3233:
2944:
2531:
2399:
2387:
2043:
1466:
1261:
1249:
1197:
1187:
1107:
1057:
872:
43:
2104:
2057:
845:
3456:
3361:
3313:
3265:
2922:
2329:
1410:
1323:
1312:
of palm oil. To this end, palm oil, rendered from palm trees (species
1265:
1257:
1177:
1117:
1077:
1017:
937:
852:
553:
539:
519:
509:
476:
391:
202:
162:
2294:
1984:
1896:[Ethnobotany Types of Pandanaceae as Foodstuffs in Indonesia]
1894:"Etnobotani Jenis-Jenis Pandanaceae Sebagai Bahan Pangan di Indonesia"
1398:
have stated there is convincing evidence that palmitic acid increases
3487:
3446:
3344:
2962:
1414:
1343:
1297:
1053:
632:
2279:
1686:
The most common fatty acid is the monounsaturated oleic acid. See:
883:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
3499:
3250:
3074:
1331:
1167:
1097:
1013:
975:
965:
818:
130:
3421:
1527:
523:
497:
486:
412:
224:
1965:
Kingsbury, K. J.; Paul, S.; Crossley, A.; Morgan, D. M. (1961).
34:
3114:
2267:
1379:
1065:
1041:
1037:
142:
3494:
2325:
1609:
1593:
in
Linstrom, Peter J.; Mallard, William G. (eds.);
1327:
1248:, and it is a major, but highly variable, lipid component of
989:
120:
2194:. World Health Organization. p. 82. Retrieved 16 March 2023.
274:
3043:
2203:
2062:
1964:
1293:
1137:
1045:
1033:
797:
1595:
1765:
1688:
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/965#section=Top
2192:"Diet, Nutrition and the Prevention of Chronic Diseases"
1833:
1610:
Beare-Rogers, J.; Dieffenbacher, A.; Holm, J.V. (2001).
1275:. Palmitoylation is important for localisation of many
1020:
by high-temperature water and the resulting mixture is
2117:
1240:
Palmitic acid is the first fatty acid produced during
2162:. World Health Organization. Retrieved 14 March 2023.
1612:"Lexicon of lipid nutrition (IUPAC Technical Report)"
2018:"Lipids of human milk and infant formulas: a review"
2015:
2175:. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers. pp. 186-187.
1322:(in the form of caustic soda or lye), which causes
211:
2016:Jensen, RG; Hagerty, MM; McMahon, KE (June 1978).
2118:Mensink RP, Zock PL, Kester AD, Katan MB (2003).
1891:
944:found in animals, plants and microorganisms. Its
439:351–352 °C (664–666 °F; 624–625 K)
3674:
1342:Because it is inexpensive and adds texture and "
1268:, thus preventing further palmitate generation.
441:271.5 °C (520.7 °F; 544.6 K), 100
236:
1967:"The fatty acid composition of human depot fat"
1563:Solubilities of Inorganic and Organic Compounds
834:
106:
1940:
1938:
1836:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
1264:, which in turn is used to add to the growing
940:with a 16-carbon chain. It is the most common
3059:
2310:
2058:"Fatty acid biosynthesis - Reference pathway"
1948:. American Oil Chemists' Society. pp. 84-86.
1560:Seidell, Atherton; Linke, William F. (1952).
3528:Indonesia Commodity and Derivatives Exchange
2173:Clinical Handbook of Coronary Artery Disease
1598:, NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69
1559:
995:
3602:Social and environmental impact of palm oil
1935:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1256:(ACC), which is responsible for converting
429:62.9 °C (145.2 °F; 336.0 K)
3066:
3052:
2317:
2303:
289:
192:
170:
2239:
2221:
2135:
2033:
1992:
1783:
1734:
1716:
1627:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1374:used with volatile petrochemicals during
447:215 °C (419 °F; 488 K), 15
256:
1885:
1532:
2324:
1827:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1480:
285:
14:
3675:
2197:
2093:Industrial & Engineering Chemistry
2086:
1892:Purwanto, Y.; Munawaroh, Esti (2010).
1656:
1603:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1504:
1084:Palmitic acid content of common foods
877:206 °C (403 °F; 479 K)
183:
3047:
2298:
2089:"Napalm. Mixture of Aluminum Disoaps"
1946:Health Effects of Dietary Fatty Acids
1814:
1252:. Palmitate negatively feeds back on
317:Key: IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
150:
3607:Vegetable oils as alternative energy
1477:
2077:US Soil Association standard 50.5.3
1577:
1553:
327:Key: IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYAJ
227:
24:
3543:Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil
3523:Federal Land Development Authority
2701:6,9,12,15,18,21-Tetracosahexaenoic
1068:contain 44.90% palmitic acid. The
1027:
830:
25:
3709:
3587:Environmental impact of biodiesel
2695:9,12,15,18,21-Tetracosapentaenoic
2260:
1817:Journal de Pharmacie et de Chimie
1394:(LDL) and total cholesterol. The
1292:Palmitic acid is used to produce
3646:
3645:
2266:
1308:, which is commonly obtained by
1000:Palmitic acid was discovered by
891:
767:
375:
51:
42:
33:
2185:
2165:
2152:
2111:
2080:
2071:
2050:
2009:
1958:
1860:
1808:
1759:
1692:
1680:
1282:
1235:
887:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
3570:Certified sustainable palm oil
1644:
1459:
381:
369:
13:
1:
3533:Malaysia Derivatives Exchange
1844:10.1002/14356007.a10_245.pub2
1452:
1287:
3073:
7:
3597:Issues relating to biofuels
2158:Mensink, Ronald P. (2016).
1424:
1385:
1357:
10:
3714:
3575:Deforestation by continent
3565:Biofuel policy of Malaysia
3452:Kuala Lumpur Kepong Berhad
3211:Bursaphelenchus cocophilus
1868:"Chemical Characteristics"
1616:Pure and Applied Chemistry
1501:. Retrieved on 2014-06-02.
3641:
3615:
3555:
3508:
3475:
3409:
3402:
3337:
3291:
3221:
3140:
3081:
3010:
2991:
2972:
2913:
2870:
2775:
2710:
2577:
2336:
2087:Mysels, Karol J. (1949).
1902:Berkala Penelitian Hayati
1448:(16-hydroxypalmitic acid)
1396:World Health Organization
1304:. These applications use
1226:
1091:
1088:
996:Occurrence and production
881:
748:
743:
641:
356:
336:
301:
90:
76:
64:
59:
50:
41:
32:
3538:Malaysian Palm Oil Board
2754:7,10,13-Octadecatrienoic
2223:10.1093/advances/nmab143
1944:Nelson, Gary J. (1991).
1772:Journal of Dairy Science
1718:10.3389/FPHYS.2017.00902
1337:
1072:ester of palmitic acid,
806:Precautionary statements
2287:Encyclopædia Britannica
2171:Rao, Gundu HR. (2020).
1838:. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.
1705:Frontiers in Physiology
1629:10.1351/pac200173040685
1413:, could reduce several
1407:unsaturated fatty acids
1392:low-density lipoprotein
601:Magnetic susceptibility
3182:Rhynchophorus palmarum
2904:7,10,13-Eicosatrienoic
2760:9,12,15-Eicosatrienoic
2290:(11th ed.). 1911.
2137:10.1093/ajcn/77.5.1146
1596:NIST Chemistry WebBook
1417:of cardiovascular and
1400:cardiovascular disease
1346:" to processed foods (
1334:and sodium palmitate.
1300:, and industrial mold
1254:acetyl-CoA carboxylase
1022:fractionally distilled
841:
534:31.9 g/100 mL (40 °C)
3170:Little leaf syndrome
3166:Cadang-cadang disease
2281:"Palmitic Acid"
2210:Advances in Nutrition
2035:10.1093/ajcn/31.6.990
1785:10.3168/jds.2014-7919
1366:of palmitic acid and
840:
348:CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O
3683:Aromatase inhibitors
3580:Southeast Asian haze
3467:Wilmar International
3299:Biodiesel production
3189:Oil palm bunch moth
2275:at Wikimedia Commons
1242:fatty acid synthesis
1092:% of total calories
942:saturated fatty acid
823:(fire diamond)
532:9.2 g/100 mL (20 °C)
530:2.8 g/100 mL (10 °C)
419:0.8527 g/cm (62 °C)
66:Preferred IUPAC name
3476:Buyers / processors
3432:Equatorial Palm Oil
3329:Transesterification
3159:Ganoderma orbiforme
2105:10.1021/ie50475a033
1972:Biochemical Journal
1591:n-Hexadecanoic acid
1318:), is treated with
1085:
576:28.06 kPa (300 °C)
458:Solubility in water
399: g/mol
29:
3427:Carson Cumberbatch
3372:Girl Scout Cookies
3367:Cellulosic ethanol
3208:Red ring disease (
3201:Tirathaba rufivena
3194:Tirathaba mundella
3175:Oryctes rhinoceros
2957:8,11-Eicosadienoic
2837:Dihomo-γ-linolenic
2766:β-Eicosatetraenoic
2665:Dihomo-α-linolenic
2550:Heptatriacontanoic
1436:Ascorbyl palmitate
1083:
968:from the fruit of
934:IUPAC nomenclature
914:Infobox references
842:
417:0.852 g/cm (25 °C)
27:
3670:
3669:
3556:Policies, impacts
3551:
3550:
3304:Fat hydrogenation
3041:
3040:
2562:Nonatriacontanoic
2556:Octatriacontanoic
2271:Media related to
2068:Pathway Map 00061
2022:Am. J. Clin. Nutr
1985:10.1042/bj0780541
1904:(in Indonesian).
1495:Sigma-Aldrich Co.
1431:Retinyl palmitate
1330:groups, yielding
1315:Elaeis guineensis
1277:membrane proteins
1250:human breast milk
1233:
1232:
1229:
1004:(in 1840) in the
971:Elaeis guineensis
930:hexadecanoic acid
922:Chemical compound
920:
919:
792:Hazard statements
685:452.37 J/(mol·K)
661:463.36 J/(mol·K)
607:−198.6·10 cm/mol
574:1.08 kPa (200 °C)
572:0.051 mPa (25 °C)
528:2 g/100 mL (0 °C)
270:CompTox Dashboard
132:Interactive image
70:Hexadecanoic acid
16:(Redirected from
3705:
3649:
3648:
3511:non-governmental
3407:
3406:
3156:Basal stem rot (
3068:
3061:
3054:
3045:
3044:
3012:ω−12 Unsaturated
2993:ω−11 Unsaturated
2974:ω−10 Unsaturated
2677:Eicosapentaenoic
2671:Eicosatetraenoic
2635:Palmitolinolenic
2629:Myristolinolenic
2544:Hexatriacontylic
2319:
2312:
2305:
2296:
2295:
2291:
2283:
2270:
2254:
2253:
2243:
2225:
2216:(4): 1200–1225.
2201:
2195:
2189:
2183:
2169:
2163:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2139:
2130:(5): 1146–1155.
2115:
2109:
2108:
2099:(7): 1435–1438.
2084:
2078:
2075:
2069:
2067:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2037:
2013:
2007:
2006:
1996:
1962:
1956:
1942:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1899:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1872:Olive Oil Source
1864:
1858:
1857:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1812:
1806:
1805:
1787:
1778:(8): 4661–4674.
1763:
1757:
1756:
1738:
1720:
1696:
1690:
1684:
1678:
1660:
1654:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1631:
1607:
1601:
1588:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1571:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1543:
1530:
1521:
1502:
1492:
1475:
1470:, 12th Edition,
1463:
1348:convenience food
1320:sodium hydroxide
1306:sodium palmitate
1227:
1086:
1082:
963:
946:chemical formula
904:
898:
895:
894:
862:
855:
848:
833:
813:
799:
771:
735:
708:
681:
657:
642:Thermochemistry
614:Refractive index
508:Very soluble in
471:12 mg/L (60 °C)
467:8.3 mg/L (30 °C)
465:7.2 mg/L (20 °C)
450:
444:
398:
383:
377:
371:
364:Chemical formula
294:
293:
278:
276:
260:
240:
229:
215:
196:
185:
174:
154:
134:
110:
55:
46:
37:
30:
26:
21:
3713:
3712:
3708:
3707:
3706:
3704:
3703:
3702:
3673:
3672:
3671:
3666:
3637:
3611:
3557:
3547:
3510:
3504:
3471:
3398:
3333:
3287:
3217:
3143:
3136:
3077:
3072:
3042:
3037:
3006:
2987:
2968:
2915:ω−9 Unsaturated
2909:
2872:ω−7 Unsaturated
2866:
2831:Dihomo-linoleic
2791:12-Octadecenoic
2785:8-Tetradecenoic
2777:ω−6 Unsaturated
2771:
2726:Palmitovaccenic
2712:ω−5 Unsaturated
2706:
2689:Docosahexaenoic
2623:Myristolinoleic
2617:Myristovaccenic
2579:ω−3 Unsaturated
2573:
2514:Hentriacontylic
2332:
2323:
2278:
2263:
2258:
2257:
2202:
2198:
2190:
2186:
2170:
2166:
2157:
2153:
2116:
2112:
2085:
2081:
2076:
2072:
2056:
2055:
2051:
2028:(6): 990–1016.
2014:
2010:
1963:
1959:
1943:
1936:
1926:
1924:
1897:
1890:
1886:
1876:
1874:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1854:
1832:
1828:
1813:
1809:
1764:
1760:
1697:
1693:
1685:
1681:
1661:
1657:
1649:
1645:
1608:
1604:
1589:
1578:
1569:
1567:
1558:
1554:
1547:"Palmitic acid"
1545:
1544:
1533:
1522:
1505:
1493:
1478:
1464:
1460:
1455:
1427:
1388:
1368:naphthenic acid
1360:
1340:
1290:
1285:
1238:
1208:Palm kernel oil
1074:cetyl palmitate
1064:, (see table).
1030:
1028:Dietary sources
998:
961:
957:
953:
949:
923:
916:
911:
910:
909: ?)
900:
896:
892:
888:
867:
866:
865:
864:
857:
850:
843:
839:
831:
808:
794:
780:
764:
739:10030.6 kJ/mol
736:
733:
727:
723:
720:
719:Std enthalpy of
709:
706:
700:
696:
693:
692:Std enthalpy of
682:
679:
672:
669:
658:
651:
637:7.8 cP (70 °C)
624:
622:
604:
590:
575:
573:
533:
531:
529:
513:
507:
505:
501:
494:
470:
469:10 mg/L (45 °C)
468:
466:
464:
463:4.6 mg/L (0 °C)
460:
448:
446:
442:
440:
418:
407:White crystals
396:
386:
380:
374:
366:
352:
349:
344:
343:
332:
329:
328:
325:
319:
318:
315:
309:
308:
297:
279:
272:
263:
243:
230:
218:
205:
177:
157:
137:
124:
113:
100:
86:
80:
72:
71:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3711:
3701:
3700:
3698:Alkanoic acids
3695:
3690:
3685:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3664:
3663:
3662:
3642:
3639:
3638:
3636:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3619:
3617:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3583:
3582:
3572:
3567:
3561:
3559:
3553:
3552:
3549:
3548:
3546:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3514:
3512:
3509:Governmental /
3506:
3505:
3503:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3491:
3490:
3479:
3477:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3469:
3464:
3462:TH Plantations
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3413:
3411:
3404:
3400:
3399:
3397:
3396:
3395:
3394:
3389:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3358:
3357:
3352:
3341:
3339:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3331:
3326:
3324:Saponification
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3295:
3293:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3285:
3284:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3248:
3247:
3246:
3241:
3231:
3225:
3223:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3215:
3206:
3205:
3204:
3197:
3187:
3186:
3185:
3178:
3168:
3163:
3154:
3148:
3146:
3138:
3137:
3135:
3134:
3133:
3132:
3125:
3111:
3110:
3109:
3102:
3087:
3085:
3079:
3078:
3071:
3070:
3063:
3056:
3048:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3035:
3029:
3023:
3020:4-Hexadecenoic
3016:
3014:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3004:
2997:
2995:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2985:
2978:
2976:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2966:
2960:
2954:
2948:
2942:
2936:
2926:
2919:
2917:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2907:
2901:
2895:
2889:
2883:
2876:
2874:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2864:
2858:
2852:
2846:
2840:
2834:
2828:
2822:
2816:
2810:
2800:
2794:
2788:
2781:
2779:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2769:
2763:
2757:
2751:
2745:
2735:
2729:
2723:
2716:
2714:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2704:
2698:
2692:
2686:
2680:
2674:
2668:
2662:
2656:
2650:
2644:
2638:
2632:
2626:
2620:
2614:
2608:
2602:
2596:
2590:
2583:
2581:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2571:
2568:Tetracontanoic
2565:
2559:
2553:
2547:
2541:
2535:
2529:
2523:
2517:
2511:
2505:
2499:
2493:
2487:
2481:
2475:
2469:
2463:
2457:
2451:
2445:
2439:
2433:
2427:
2421:
2415:
2409:
2403:
2397:
2391:
2385:
2379:
2373:
2367:
2361:
2355:
2349:
2342:
2340:
2334:
2333:
2322:
2321:
2314:
2307:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2276:
2262:
2261:External links
2259:
2256:
2255:
2196:
2184:
2181:978-9389188301
2164:
2151:
2124:Am J Clin Nutr
2110:
2079:
2070:
2049:
2008:
1979:(3): 541–550.
1957:
1954:978-0935315318
1934:
1884:
1859:
1853:978-3527306732
1852:
1826:
1807:
1758:
1691:
1679:
1676:978-0849396885
1655:
1643:
1622:(4): 685–744.
1602:
1576:
1566:. Van Nostrand
1552:
1531:
1503:
1476:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1449:
1446:Juniperic acid
1443:
1438:
1433:
1426:
1423:
1387:
1384:
1372:gelling agents
1359:
1356:
1339:
1336:
1310:saponification
1302:release agents
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1273:palmitoylation
1237:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1224:
1223:
1220:
1214:
1213:
1210:
1204:
1203:
1200:
1194:
1193:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1180:
1174:
1173:
1170:
1164:
1163:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1150:
1148:Cottonseed oil
1144:
1143:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1130:
1124:
1123:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1110:
1104:
1103:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1090:
1029:
1026:
1006:saponification
997:
994:
959:
955:
951:
921:
918:
917:
912:
890:
889:
885:standard state
882:
879:
878:
875:
869:
868:
858:
851:
844:
829:
828:
827:
826:
824:
815:
814:
812:P305+P351+P338
809:
804:
801:
800:
795:
790:
787:
786:
781:
776:
773:
772:
765:
760:
757:
756:
746:
745:
741:
740:
737:
731:
725:
717:
714:
713:
710:
704:
698:
690:
687:
686:
683:
677:
666:
663:
662:
659:
647:
644:
643:
639:
638:
635:
629:
628:
625:
620:
612:
609:
608:
605:
599:
596:
595:
592:
588:
578:
577:
570:
568:Vapor pressure
564:
563:
560:
550:
549:
546:
544:methyl acetate
536:
535:
526:
516:
515:
511:
503:
499:
492:
479:
473:
472:
461:
456:
453:
452:
437:
431:
430:
427:
421:
420:
415:
409:
408:
405:
401:
400:
394:
388:
387:
384:
378:
372:
367:
362:
359:
358:
354:
353:
351:
350:
347:
339:
338:
337:
334:
333:
331:
330:
326:
323:
322:
320:
316:
313:
312:
304:
303:
302:
299:
298:
296:
295:
282:
280:
268:
265:
264:
262:
261:
253:
251:
245:
244:
242:
241:
233:
231:
223:
220:
219:
217:
216:
208:
206:
201:
198:
197:
187:
179:
178:
176:
175:
167:
165:
159:
158:
156:
155:
147:
145:
139:
138:
136:
135:
127:
125:
118:
115:
114:
112:
111:
103:
101:
96:
93:
92:
88:
87:
78:
74:
73:
69:
68:
62:
61:
57:
56:
48:
47:
39:
38:
28:Palmitic acid
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3710:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3680:
3678:
3661:
3660:
3656:
3655:
3654:
3653:
3644:
3643:
3640:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3620:
3618:
3614:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3592:Food vs. fuel
3590:
3588:
3585:
3581:
3578:
3577:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3554:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3518:FELCRA Berhad
3516:
3515:
3513:
3507:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3489:
3486:
3485:
3484:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3474:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3417:Bumitama Agri
3415:
3414:
3412:
3408:
3405:
3403:Organisations
3401:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3384:
3383:
3382:Vegetable oil
3380:
3378:
3377:Oleochemicals
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3347:
3346:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3336:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3309:Fractionation
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3290:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3271:palmitic acid
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3261:myristic acid
3259:
3257:
3256:linoleic acid
3254:
3253:
3252:
3249:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3220:
3213:
3212:
3207:
3203:
3202:
3198:
3196:
3195:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3184:
3183:
3179:
3177:
3176:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3145:
3139:
3131:
3130:
3126:
3124:
3123:
3119:
3118:
3117:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3107:
3103:
3101:
3100:
3096:
3095:
3094:
3093:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3069:
3064:
3062:
3057:
3055:
3050:
3049:
3046:
3033:
3030:
3027:
3024:
3021:
3018:
3017:
3015:
3013:
3009:
3002:
2999:
2998:
2996:
2994:
2990:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2975:
2971:
2964:
2961:
2958:
2955:
2952:
2949:
2946:
2943:
2940:
2937:
2934:
2930:
2927:
2924:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2916:
2912:
2905:
2902:
2899:
2896:
2893:
2890:
2887:
2884:
2881:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2873:
2869:
2862:
2859:
2856:
2853:
2850:
2847:
2844:
2841:
2838:
2835:
2832:
2829:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2814:
2811:
2808:
2804:
2801:
2798:
2795:
2792:
2789:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2774:
2767:
2764:
2761:
2758:
2755:
2752:
2749:
2746:
2743:
2739:
2738:β-Eleostearic
2736:
2733:
2732:α-Eleostearic
2730:
2727:
2724:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2709:
2702:
2699:
2696:
2693:
2690:
2687:
2684:
2681:
2678:
2675:
2672:
2669:
2666:
2663:
2660:
2657:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2612:
2611:Laurolinoleic
2609:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2584:
2582:
2580:
2576:
2569:
2566:
2563:
2560:
2557:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2518:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2404:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2383:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2320:
2315:
2313:
2308:
2306:
2301:
2300:
2297:
2289:
2288:
2282:
2277:
2274:
2273:Palmitic acid
2269:
2265:
2264:
2251:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2200:
2193:
2188:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2168:
2161:
2155:
2147:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2114:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2083:
2074:
2065:
2064:
2059:
2053:
2045:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2012:
2004:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1973:
1968:
1961:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1941:
1939:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1895:
1888:
1873:
1869:
1863:
1855:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1830:
1822:
1818:
1811:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1762:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1695:
1689:
1683:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1659:
1653:at Inchem.org
1652:
1651:Palmitic acid
1647:
1639:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1606:
1599:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1565:
1564:
1556:
1548:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1529:
1525:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1500:
1499:Palmitic acid
1496:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1473:
1469:
1468:
1462:
1458:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1441:SN2 Palmitate
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1403:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1225:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1087:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1062:sunflower oil
1059:
1055:
1051:
1048:, as well as
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1010:Triglycerides
1007:
1003:
993:
991:
987:
983:
979:
977:
973:
972:
967:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
926:Palmitic acid
915:
908:
903:
886:
880:
876:
874:
871:
870:
863:
856:
849:
825:
822:
821:
817:
816:
810:
807:
803:
802:
796:
793:
789:
788:
785:
782:
779:
775:
774:
770:
766:
763:
759:
758:
754:
752:
747:
742:
738:
730:
722:
716:
715:
711:
703:
695:
689:
688:
684:
676:
671:
665:
664:
660:
655:
650:
649:Heat capacity
646:
645:
640:
636:
634:
631:
630:
627:1.43 (70 °C)
626:
619:
615:
611:
610:
606:
602:
598:
597:
593:
587:
583:
580:
579:
571:
569:
566:
565:
562:10.7 g/100 g
561:
559:
558:ethyl acetate
555:
552:
551:
548:7.81 g/100 g
547:
545:
541:
538:
537:
527:
525:
521:
518:
517:
514:
506:
495:
488:
484:
480:
478:
475:
474:
462:
459:
455:
454:
438:
436:
435:Boiling point
433:
432:
428:
426:
425:Melting point
423:
422:
416:
414:
411:
410:
406:
403:
402:
395:
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389:
368:
365:
361:
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355:
346:
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342:
335:
321:
311:
310:
307:
300:
292:
288:
287:DTXSID2021602
284:
283:
281:
271:
267:
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259:
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250:
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239:
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226:
222:
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214:
210:
209:
207:
204:
200:
199:
195:
191:
188:
186:
184:ECHA InfoCard
181:
180:
173:
169:
168:
166:
164:
161:
160:
153:
149:
148:
146:
144:
141:
140:
133:
129:
128:
126:
122:
117:
116:
109:
105:
104:
102:
99:
95:
94:
89:
84:
83:Lipid numbers
79:Palmitic acid
75:
67:
63:
58:
54:
49:
45:
40:
36:
31:
19:
3657:
3650:
3442:FGV Holdings
3437:Feronia Inc.
3276:stearic acid
3270:
3209:
3199:
3192:
3180:
3173:
3157:
3152:Bagworm moth
3142:Diseases and
3127:
3122:E. guineesis
3120:
3113:
3104:
3097:
3090:
3032:8-Eicosenoic
3026:Petroselinic
2932:
2806:
2803:Linolelaidic
2741:
2683:Clupanodonic
2641:Palmitidonic
2478:Pentacosylic
2454:Heneicosylic
2423:
2418:Pentadecylic
2285:
2213:
2209:
2199:
2187:
2172:
2167:
2154:
2127:
2123:
2113:
2096:
2092:
2082:
2073:
2061:
2052:
2025:
2021:
2011:
1976:
1970:
1960:
1945:
1925:. Retrieved
1905:
1901:
1887:
1877:November 11,
1875:. Retrieved
1871:
1862:
1835:
1829:
1820:
1816:
1810:
1775:
1771:
1761:
1708:
1704:
1694:
1682:
1658:
1646:
1619:
1615:
1605:
1594:
1568:. Retrieved
1562:
1555:
1471:
1465:
1461:
1404:
1389:
1376:World War II
1361:
1341:
1313:
1305:
1291:
1283:Applications
1270:
1239:
1236:Biochemistry
1218:Rapeseed oil
1128:Cocoa butter
1076:, occurs in
1050:cocoa butter
1031:
1002:Edmond Frémy
999:
981:
980:
969:
929:
925:
924:
819:
783:
750:
728:
712:−892 kJ/mol
701:
674:
653:
617:
585:
483:amyl acetate
91:Identifiers
77:Other names
3688:Fatty acids
3558:and debates
3362:Bioplastics
3239:lauric acid
3234:Palm kernel
3129:E. oleifera
3106:A. speciosa
2880:Palmitoleic
2849:Arachidonic
2813:γ-Linolenic
2720:Myristoleic
2659:α-Parinaric
2653:Stearidonic
2647:α-Linolenic
2599:Decadienoic
2538:Ceroplastic
2502:Nonacosylic
2442:Nonadecylic
2330:fatty acids
1927:10 November
1467:Merck Index
1378:to produce
1262:malonyl-CoA
1198:Coconut oil
1188:Soybean oil
1108:Beef tallow
1058:soybean oil
1044:, and some
873:Flash point
778:Signal word
481:Soluble in
404:Appearance
357:Properties
190:100.000.284
152:ChEMBL82293
3677:Categories
3659:by country
3616:By country
3457:Sime Darby
3314:Hydrolysis
3266:oleic acid
3222:Components
2490:Carboceric
2472:Lignoceric
2466:Tricosylic
2406:Tridecylic
2382:Pelargonic
1908:: 97–108.
1668:0849396883
1570:2014-06-02
1453:References
1421:diseases.
1415:biomarkers
1411:oleic acid
1409:, such as
1362:Aluminium
1354:products.
1324:hydrolysis
1288:Surfactant
1266:acyl chain
1258:acetyl-CoA
1178:Peanut oil
1118:Butter fat
1078:spermaceti
1018:hydrolysed
1012:(fats) in
982:Palmitates
938:fatty acid
762:Pictograms
721:combustion
554:Solubility
540:Solubility
520:Solubility
477:Solubility
392:Molar mass
258:2V16EO95H1
203:IUPHAR/BPS
163:ChemSpider
119:3D model (
98:CAS Number
3628:Indonesia
3488:GreenPalm
3447:IOI Group
3410:Producers
3350:by region
3345:Biodiesel
3292:Processes
3099:A. maripa
3083:Oil palms
2898:Paullinic
2843:Sciadonic
2825:Pinolenic
2605:Lauroleic
2520:Lacceroic
2448:Arachidic
2394:Undecylic
2346:Propionic
2338:Saturated
2232:2161-8313
1922:981032990
1914:2337-389X
1794:0022-0302
1753:Q46799280
1727:1664-042X
1419:metabolic
1370:were the
1344:mouthfeel
1298:cosmetics
1246:depot fat
1054:olive oil
976:oil palms
753:labelling
694:formation
668:Std molar
633:Viscosity
18:Palmitate
3693:Palm oil
3652:Category
3633:Malaysia
3623:Colombia
3500:Unilever
3338:Products
3251:Palm oil
3229:Mesocarp
3075:Palm oil
3001:Gadoleic
2982:Sapienic
2951:Nervonic
2886:Vaccenic
2819:Calendic
2797:Linoleic
2593:Decenoic
2587:Octenoic
2508:Melissic
2496:Montanic
2430:Margaric
2424:Palmitic
2412:Myristic
2376:Caprylic
2370:Enanthic
2250:34849532
2146:12716665
2003:13756126
1802:24913651
1749:Wikidata
1745:29167646
1638:84492006
1425:See also
1386:Research
1358:Military
1332:glycerol
1168:Corn oil
1098:Palm oil
1014:palm oil
984:are the
966:palm oil
820:NFPA 704
744:Hazards
603:(χ)
3422:Cargill
3387:cooking
3319:Milling
3281:stearin
3092:Attalea
2939:Gondoic
2929:Elaidic
2892:Rumenic
2855:Adrenic
2748:Punicic
2526:Psyllic
2484:Cerotic
2460:Behenic
2436:Stearic
2364:Caproic
2358:Valeric
2352:Butyric
2241:9340975
1994:1205373
1736:5682332
1711:: 902.
1528:PubChem
1524:CID 985
1352:organic
1326:of the
1228:Source:
1158:Chicken
1066:Karukas
936:) is a
907:what is
905: (
784:Warning
670:entropy
582:Acidity
524:ethanol
487:alcohol
413:Density
397:256.430
225:PubChem
108:57-10-3
81:C16:0 (
3115:Elaeis
3034:(20:1)
3028:(18:1)
3022:(16:1)
3003:(20:1)
2984:(16:1)
2965:(20:3)
2959:(20:2)
2953:(24:1)
2947:(22:1)
2945:Erucic
2941:(20:1)
2935:-18:1)
2925:(18:1)
2906:(20:3)
2900:(20:1)
2894:(18:2)
2888:(18:1)
2882:(16:1)
2863:(22:5)
2861:Osbond
2857:(22:4)
2851:(20:4)
2845:(20:3)
2839:(20:3)
2833:(20:2)
2827:(18:3)
2821:(18:3)
2815:(18:3)
2809:-18:2)
2799:(18:2)
2793:(18:1)
2787:(14:1)
2768:(20:4)
2762:(20:3)
2756:(18:3)
2750:(18:3)
2744:-18:3)
2734:(18:3)
2728:(16:1)
2722:(14:1)
2703:(24:6)
2697:(24:5)
2691:(22:6)
2685:(22:5)
2679:(20:5)
2673:(20:4)
2667:(20:3)
2661:(18:4)
2655:(18:4)
2649:(18:3)
2643:(16:4)
2637:(16:3)
2631:(14:3)
2625:(14:2)
2619:(14:1)
2613:(12:2)
2607:(12:1)
2601:(10:2)
2595:(10:1)
2532:Geddic
2400:Lauric
2388:Capric
2326:Lipids
2248:
2238:
2230:
2179:
2144:
2044:352132
2042:
2001:
1991:
1952:
1920:
1912:
1850:
1823:: 757.
1800:
1792:
1751:
1743:
1733:
1725:
1674:
1666:
1636:
1402:risk.
1380:napalm
1182:11.6%
1172:12.2%
1162:23.2%
1152:24.7%
1142:24.8%
1132:25.8%
1122:26.2%
1112:26.5%
1102:45.1%
1060:, and
1042:cheese
1038:butter
990:esters
902:verify
899:
594:4.75
449:
443:
341:SMILES
143:ChEMBL
60:Names
3495:Neste
3355:Neste
3144:pests
2933:trans
2923:Oleic
2807:trans
2742:trans
2589:(8:1)
2570:(C40)
2564:(C39)
2558:(C38)
2552:(C37)
2546:(C36)
2540:(C35)
2534:(C34)
2528:(C33)
2522:(C32)
2516:(C31)
2510:(C30)
2504:(C29)
2498:(C28)
2492:(C27)
2486:(C26)
2480:(C25)
2474:(C24)
2468:(C23)
2462:(C22)
2456:(C21)
2450:(C20)
2444:(C19)
2438:(C18)
2432:(C17)
2426:(C16)
2420:(C15)
2414:(C14)
2408:(C13)
2402:(C12)
2396:(C11)
2390:(C10)
1898:(PDF)
1634:S2CID
1526:from
1364:salts
1338:Foods
1328:ester
1294:soaps
1222:3.6%
1202:8.4%
1089:Food
1070:cetyl
1046:meats
986:salts
451:mmHg
445:mmHg
306:InChI
121:JSmol
3392:fuel
2963:Mead
2384:(C9)
2378:(C8)
2372:(C7)
2366:(C6)
2360:(C5)
2354:(C4)
2348:(C3)
2246:PMID
2228:ISSN
2177:ISBN
2142:PMID
2063:KEGG
2040:PMID
1999:PMID
1950:ISBN
1929:2021
1918:OCLC
1910:ISSN
1879:2021
1848:ISBN
1798:PMID
1790:ISSN
1741:PMID
1723:ISSN
1672:ISBN
1664:ISBN
1472:7128
1192:11%
1138:Lard
1034:milk
1016:are
988:and
962:COOH
798:H319
510:CHCl
249:UNII
213:1055
3483:AAK
3244:oil
2236:PMC
2218:doi
2132:doi
2101:doi
2030:doi
1989:PMC
1981:doi
1840:doi
1821:XII
1780:doi
1731:PMC
1713:doi
1624:doi
1260:to
1212:8%
954:(CH
948:is
932:in
751:GHS
732:298
705:298
678:298
556:in
542:in
522:in
491:CCl
275:EPA
238:985
228:CID
172:960
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