536:
799:
367:, opposed to religious imagery in both theory and practice until about 200, has been challenged by Paul Corby Finney's analysis of early Christian writing and material remains (1994). This distinguishes three different sources of attitudes affecting early Christians on the issue: "first that humans could have a direct vision of God; second that they could not; and, third, that although humans could see God they were best advised not to look, and were strictly forbidden to represent what they had seen". These derived respectively from Greek and Near Eastern pagan religions, from Ancient Greek philosophy, and from the Jewish tradition and the Old Testament. Of the three, Finney concludes that "overall, Israel's aversion to sacred images influenced early Christianity considerably less than the Greek philosophical tradition of invisible deity apophatically defined", so placing less emphasis on the
641:
31:
524:
763:
593:
946:
552:
779:
505:
589:
their original purposes for some time and, at least in Rome, even when deserted were shunned by
Christians until the 6th or 7th centuries, when some were converted to churches. Elsewhere this happened sooner. Architectural formulas for temples were unsuitable, not simply for their pagan associations, but because pagan cult and sacrifices occurred outdoors under the open sky in the sight of the gods, with the temple, housing the cult figures and the treasury, as a windowless backdrop.
130:
203:
7908:
4810:
4799:
568:
656:, which was not a normal church, though the surviving examples long ago became regular churches, and they always offered funeral and memorial services, but a building erected in the Constantinian period as an indoor cemetery on a site connected with early Christian martyrs, such as a catacomb. The six examples built by Constantine outside the walls of Rome are:
303:" except in the disguised form of the anchor, is notable. The Cross, symbolizing Jesus' crucifixion on a cross, was not represented explicitly for several centuries, possibly because crucifixion was a punishment meted out to common criminals, but also because literary sources noted that it was a symbol recognised as specifically Christian, as the
467:
Statuettes of Jonah and the Whale, and consists of a group of small statuettes of about 270, including two busts of a young and fashionably dressed couple, from an unknown find-spot, possibly in modern Turkey. The other figures tell the story of Jonah in four pieces, with a Good
Shepherd; how they were displayed remains mysterious.
194:. The end of the period of early Christian art, which is typically defined by art historians as being in the 5th–7th centuries, is thus a good deal later than the end of the period of early Christianity as typically defined by theologians and church historians, which is more often considered to end under Constantine, around 313–325.
874:, although it is vulnerable to well-meaning restoration and repair. It seems to have been an innovation of early Christian churches to put mosaics on the wall and use them for sacred subjects; previously, the technique had essentially been used for floors and walls in gardens. By the end of the period the style of using a
490:, both martyred in Rome, by some way the most common in the catacombs there. Both already have their distinctive appearances, retained throughout the history of Christian art. Other saints may not be identifiable unless labelled with an inscription. In the same way some images may represent either the
865:
More complex and expensive works are seen, as the wealthy gradually converted, and more theological complexity appears, as
Christianity became subject to acrimonious doctrinal disputes. At the same time a very different type of art is found in the new public churches that were now being constructed.
820:
With the final legalization of
Christianity, the existing styles of Christian art continued to develop, and take on a more monumental and iconic character. Before long very large Christian churches began to be constructed, and the majority of the rich elite adapted Christianity, and public and elite
695:
was a building erected on a spot with particular significance, often over the burial of a martyr. No particular architectural form was associated with the type, and they were often small. Many became churches, or chapels in larger churches erected adjoining them. With baptistries and mausolea, their
616:
at one end opposite to the main door at the other. In, and often also in front of, the apse was a raised platform, where the altar was placed and the clergy officiated. In secular buildings this plan was more typically used for the smaller audience halls of the emperors, governors, and the very rich
588:
In the 4th century, the rapidly growing
Christian population, now supported by the state, needed to build larger and grander public buildings for worship than the mostly discreet meeting places they had been using, which were typically in or among domestic buildings. Pagan temples remained in use for
829:
of the "pagans", in a complete reversal of its original attitude, and developed an image practice of its own." But large free-standing sculpture, the medium for the most prominent pagan images, continued to be distrusted and largely shunned for some centuries, and virtually up to the present day in
419:
There was a preference for what are sometimes called "abbreviated" representations, small groups of say one to four figures forming a single motif which could be easily recognised as representing a particular incident. These vignettes fitted the Roman style of room decoration, set in compartments in
415:
and the Temple of Bel. At least in such smaller places, it seems that the available artists were used by all religious groups. It may also have been the case that the painted chambers in the catacombs were decorated in similar style to the best rooms of the homes of the better-off families buried in
1044:
has been much studied, although artistically they are relatively unsophisticated. Their subjects are similar to the catacomb paintings, but with a difference balance including more portraiture of the deceased (usually, it is presumed). The progression to an increased number of images of saints can
478:
miracles, and few of scenes from his
Passion. A variety of different types of appearance were used, including the thin long-faced figure with long centrally-parted hair that was later to become the norm. But in the earliest images as many show a stocky and short-haired beardless figure in a short
861:
and other early 20th-century art historians that Roman
Imperial imagery was a much more significant influence "has become universally accepted". A book by Thomas F. Mathews in 1994 attempted to overturn this thesis, very largely denying influence from Imperial iconography in favour of a range of
1819:
466:
were symbols appealing to several religious and philosophical groups, including
Christians, and without context no affiliation can be given to them. Typically sculptures, where they appear, are of rather high quality. One exceptional group that seems clearly Christian is known as the Cleveland
371:
of most of the first
Christians than most traditional accounts. Finney suggests that "the reasons for the non-appearance of Christian art before 200 have nothing to do with principled aversion to art, with other-worldliness, or with anti-materialism. The truth is simple and mundane: Christians
310:
The popular conception that the
Christian catacombs were "secret" or had to hide their affiliation is probably wrong; catacombs were large-scale commercial enterprises, usually sited just off major roads to the city, whose existence was well known. The inexplicit symbolic nature of many early
353:
416:
them, with Christian scenes and symbols replacing those from mythology, literature, paganism and eroticism, although we lack the evidence to confirm this. We do have the same scenes on small pieces in media such as pottery or glass, though less often from this pre-Constantinian period.
881:
With more space, narrative images containing many people develop in churches, and also begin to be seen in later catacomb paintings. Continuous rows of biblical scenes appear (rather high up) along the side walls of churches. The best-preserved 5th-century examples are the set of
387:
are from a few decades before, and these represent the largest body of examples of Christian art from the pre-Constantinian period, with hundreds of examples decorating tombs or family tomb-chambers. Many are simple symbols, but there are numerous figure paintings either showing
227:, Christian art was necessarily and deliberately furtive and ambiguous, using imagery that was shared with pagan culture but had a special meaning for Christians. The earliest surviving Christian art comes from the late 2nd to early 4th centuries on the walls of Christian
895:
contain images in an iconic style, which gradually developed to centre on a large figure, or later just the bust, of Christ, or later of the Virgin Mary. The earliest apses show a range of compositions that are new symbolic images of the Christian life and the Church.
535:
1039:
by pressing them into the mortar. The great majority are 4th century, extending into the 5th century. Most are Christian, but many pagan and a few Jewish, and had probably originally been given as gifts on marriage, or festive occasions such as New Year. Their
479:
tunic, who can only be identified by his context. In many images of miracles Jesus carries a stick or wand, which he points at the subject of the miracle rather like a modern stage magician (though the wand is a good deal larger).
1034:
and revived in the 3rd century. There are a very fewer larger designs, but the great majority of the around 500 survivals are roundels that are the cut-off bottoms of wine cups or glasses used to mark and decorate graves in the
121:
forms but also Roman styles. Late classical style included a proportional portrayal of the human body and impressionistic presentation of space. Late classical style is seen in early Christian frescos, such as those in the
620:
This was the normal pattern used for Roman churches, and generally in the Western Empire, but the Eastern Empire, and Roman Africa, were more adventurous, and their models were sometimes copied in the West, for example in
551:
890:
in Rome. These can be compared to the paintings of Dura-Europos, and probably also derive from a lost tradition of both Jewish and Christian illustrated manuscripts, as well as more general Roman precedents. The large
625:. All variations allowed natural light from windows high in the walls, a departure from the windowless sanctuaries of the temples of most previous religions, and this has remained a consistent feature of Christian
612:. There were several variations of the basic plan of the secular basilica, always some kind of rectangular hall, but the one usually followed for churches had a center nave with one aisle at each side, and an
314:
The dove is a symbol of peace and purity. It can be found with a halo or celestial light. In one of the earliest known Trinitarian images, "the Throne of God as a Trinitarian image" (a marble relief carved
395:
The style of the catacomb paintings, and the entirety of many decorative elements, are effectively identical to those of the catacombs of other religious groups, whether conventional pagans following
2987:
60:
to, depending on the definition, sometime between 260 and 525. In practice, identifiably Christian art only survives from the 2nd century onwards. After 550, Christian art is classified as
379:, of about 230–256, which is in the best condition of the surviving very early churches, there are frescos of biblical scenes including a figure of Jesus, as well as Christ as the
2695:
311:
Christian visual motifs may have had a function of discretion in other contexts, but on tombs, they probably reflect a lack of any other repertoire of Christian iconography.
866:
Somewhat by accident, the best group of survivals of these is from Rome where, together with Constantinople and Jerusalem, they were presumably at their most magnificent.
903:" from before the 6th century have survived in anything like an original condition, but they were clearly produced, and becoming more important throughout this period.
372:
lacked land and capital. Art requires both. As soon as they began to acquire land and capital, Christians began to experiment with their own distinctive forms of art".
7750:
4010:
3340:
2489:
798:
762:
295:, was the most common of these images, and was probably not understood as a portrait of the historical Jesus. These images bear some resemblance to depictions of
420:
a scheme with a geometrical structure (see gallery below). Biblical scenes of figures rescued from mortal danger were very popular; these represented both the
3553:
71:
began. Prior to 100, Christians may have been constrained by their position as a persecuted group from producing durable works of art. Since Christianity as a
523:
6375:
1001:
4045:
224:
778:
557:
Catacomb chamber with (from top): Orants, Jonah and the Whale, Moses striking the rock (left), Noah praying in the ark, Adoration of the Magi. 200–250
1959:
462:, worked with drills. Free-standing statues that are unmistakably Christian are very rare, and never very large, as more common subjects such as the
5337:
1160:
Marucchi, Orazio. "Archæology of the Cross and Crucifix." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 4. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908. 7 Sept. 2018
4846:
2705:
2452:
7252:
4513:
3636:
2264:
6704:
2972:
407:
of painting surviving from the period, but the shorthand depiction of figures can have an expressive charm. A similar situation applies at
6738:
3436:
392:
or female praying figures, usually representing the deceased person, or figures or shorthand scenes from the bible or Christian history.
17:
504:
98:, but given it Christian meanings, as they later did. If this happened, "Christian" art would not be immediately recognizable as such.
7245:
4469:
3009:
2113:
1005:
299:
figures in Greco-Roman art. The "almost total absence from Christian monuments of the period of persecutions of the plain, unadorned
4020:
2315:
906:
Sculpture, all much smaller than lifesize, has survived in better quantities. The most famous of a considerable number of surviving
3972:
3924:
3481:
3431:
2738:
2351:
1049:
for mosaics in the mid-1st century in Rome, and by the 5th century these had become the standard background for religious mosaics.
1913:
2743:
1927:
474:
was well-developed by the end of the pre-Constantinian period. He was typically shown in narrative scenes, with a preference for
7937:
7527:
6062:
5496:
3902:
3892:
3656:
3588:
3456:
2700:
2608:
2339:
2259:
2207:
2005:
1485:
6465:
5547:
5263:
4481:
2217:
1952:
1559:
681:
1756:
The invisible divine in the history of art. Is Erwin Panofsky (1892–1968) still relevant for decoding Christian iconography?
4606:
2994:
411:, where the decoration of the church is comparable in style and quality to that of the (larger and more lavishly painted)
5845:
5828:
5229:
4839:
4644:
3189:
1563:
640:
6814:
5174:
633:, which developed styles of basilica with a dome early on. Within the dome architecture Christian churches used them to
364:
8002:
6882:
5733:
2787:
2690:
710:
322:
in the collection of the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation), the dove represents the Spirit. It is flying above an
5202:
7997:
7992:
7987:
7982:
6961:
6956:
5801:
5292:
4530:
3629:
3426:
1808:
1551:
383:. The building was a normal house apparently converted to use as a church. The earliest Christian paintings in the
5219:
4774:
3204:
3103:
2562:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
1945:
887:
715:
34:
5967:
7387:
6860:
5151:
5067:
4041:
3939:
3907:
3289:
3019:
2758:
2715:
2598:
2588:
2398:
2361:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2000:
511:
449:
218:
191:
7957:
7140:
6689:
6548:
6312:
5332:
5168:
4877:
4832:
4733:
3982:
3897:
3603:
3571:
3398:
3317:
2748:
2518:
2434:
2325:
1833:
1775:
1741:
1719:
3700:
1923:
6229:
5982:
4540:
3862:
3593:
3583:
3347:
3004:
2802:
2772:
2613:
2464:
2417:
2155:
1893:
720:
657:
403:. The quality of the painting is low compared to the large houses of the rich, which provide the other main
239:
which, like almost all classical painting, have disappeared. Initially Jesus was represented indirectly by
7932:
7611:
6983:
6824:
6652:
5457:
5369:
5342:
4545:
3622:
2782:
1839:
1796:
1058:
911:
803:
725:
669:
284:
83:
restrictions against the production of graven (an idol or fetish carved in wood or stone) images (see also
7977:
7972:
7967:
7962:
7272:
6973:
5639:
4616:
4397:
4259:
3146:
2792:
2777:
2763:
2670:
2660:
2150:
785:
751:
445:
75:
was not well represented in the public sphere, the lack of surviving art may reflect a lack of funds for
30:
6926:
145:
artistic motifs and gave new meanings to what had been pagan symbols. Among the motifs adopted were the
7952:
7569:
7185:
7008:
6382:
5996:
5972:
5525:
5484:
5197:
4726:
4688:
4175:
2797:
2665:
2469:
1899:
978:
907:
455:
101:
Early Christianity used the same artistic media as the surrounding pagan culture. These media included
5920:
1881:
6768:
6647:
6603:
6011:
5654:
5622:
5520:
5006:
4769:
4759:
4721:
4476:
4286:
4254:
4208:
4185:
3576:
3059:
2523:
2413:
1755:
849:
and his followers gleefully used them as a stick with which to beat all Christian art, the belief of
769:
735:
675:
645:
88:
84:
696:
often smaller size and different function made martyria suitable for architectural experimentation.
440:
praying in the Ark (represented as an orant in a large box, perhaps with a dove carrying a branch),
7532:
7515:
7170:
7013:
6998:
6809:
6679:
6553:
6345:
6300:
6261:
6202:
6173:
5573:
4914:
4824:
4749:
4654:
4649:
4464:
4429:
4355:
4311:
4306:
4103:
3929:
3774:
3671:
3666:
3598:
3566:
3461:
3141:
2954:
2447:
2383:
1876:
692:
276:
170:
Early Christian art is generally divided into two periods by scholars: before and after either the
6709:
6669:
2982:
458:
were a much more expensive option, made of marble and often heavily decorated with scenes in very
7693:
7030:
6870:
6625:
6234:
6180:
5784:
5627:
5542:
5469:
5408:
4434:
4168:
4073:
3962:
3912:
3769:
3686:
3661:
2869:
2809:
2685:
2567:
2366:
1968:
1645:
1630:
605:
6802:
6620:
6112:
7942:
7911:
7804:
7452:
7402:
7362:
7325:
7225:
6865:
6185:
6163:
6023:
4991:
4754:
4345:
4203:
4145:
4036:
4015:
3780:
3529:
3416:
3034:
2655:
2576:
2552:
1984:
878:
had developed that continued to characterize Byzantine images, and many medieval Western ones.
842:
748:, built as an Imperial mausoleum adjoining a funerary hall, part of the wall of which survives.
730:
630:
592:
412:
400:
396:
183:
114:
7947:
7442:
7417:
7382:
7352:
7318:
7240:
7018:
6993:
6608:
6487:
6392:
4951:
4873:
4813:
4412:
4138:
3947:
3850:
3805:
3734:
3524:
3466:
3357:
3352:
3230:
3224:
3024:
2572:
2537:
2442:
2356:
2138:
1733:
542:
515:
421:
272:
210:
175:
5870:
608:
wanted to memorialize his imperial piety, was the familiar conventional architecture of the
271:, whose three days in the belly of the whale pre-figured the interval between the death and
7564:
7145:
6914:
6819:
6613:
6543:
6459:
6333:
6136:
5962:
5762:
5452:
5287:
5192:
5126:
5057:
4976:
4966:
4956:
4634:
4584:
4569:
4446:
4155:
4055:
4005:
4000:
3957:
3917:
3845:
3514:
3471:
3421:
3209:
3161:
3156:
3131:
2967:
2921:
2824:
2814:
2650:
2643:
2494:
2408:
2180:
2170:
2133:
1432:
1349:
915:
1781:
Grig, Lucy (2004). "Portraits, Pontiffs and the Christianization of Fourth-Century Rome",
945:
617:
than for the great public basilicas functioning as law courts and other public purposes.
8:
7787:
7372:
7288:
7257:
7135:
7098:
6899:
6785:
6632:
6305:
5991:
5977:
5583:
5506:
5384:
5304:
5282:
4803:
4779:
4764:
4683:
4673:
4659:
4639:
4629:
4599:
4579:
4508:
4239:
4068:
3995:
3825:
3754:
3681:
3538:
3519:
3259:
3254:
3181:
2899:
2874:
2753:
2733:
2680:
2581:
2479:
2376:
2344:
2288:
1895:
Age of spirituality : late antique and early Christian art, third to seventh century
1023:
626:
579:
429:
425:
376:
368:
7866:
7110:
5644:
7829:
7437:
7377:
7120:
7042:
6978:
6792:
6753:
6596:
6497:
6424:
6251:
6038:
5813:
5687:
5617:
5479:
5474:
5251:
5016:
4981:
4678:
4624:
4535:
4525:
4316:
4231:
4180:
3790:
3486:
3236:
3166:
3083:
3071:
3048:
2844:
2618:
2459:
2403:
2393:
2195:
1979:
1525:
935:
471:
433:
187:
118:
53:
7887:
7068:
6748:
2557:
1750:
862:
other secular and religious influence, but was roughly handled by academic reviewers.
854:
652:
A particular and short-lived type of building, using the same basilican form, was the
7557:
7510:
7480:
7340:
7210:
7125:
7115:
6780:
6763:
6637:
6256:
6219:
6190:
6143:
6006:
5952:
5942:
5932:
5823:
5501:
5413:
5403:
5390:
5379:
5042:
4971:
4946:
4902:
4715:
4594:
4500:
4424:
4323:
4296:
4215:
4163:
4113:
3872:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3820:
3810:
3759:
3411:
3330:
3325:
3279:
3219:
3088:
2884:
2269:
2190:
2128:
1865:
1855:
1829:
1804:
1771:
1737:
1715:
1555:
1547:
1036:
1031:
858:
384:
304:
232:
123:
5794:
5214:
3274:
1932:
7893:
7839:
7797:
7500:
7293:
6931:
6838:
6716:
6429:
6412:
6370:
6365:
6360:
6278:
6224:
5947:
5892:
5789:
5757:
5728:
5607:
5600:
5595:
5568:
5430:
5425:
5102:
4863:
4459:
4301:
4276:
3855:
3815:
3171:
3111:
2499:
2484:
2185:
2165:
2160:
2143:
2123:
1861:
1635:
1517:
838:
7621:
637:
icons at a larger than life scale, while Christians remained covered and inside.
7814:
7671:
7646:
7596:
7520:
7345:
7335:
7230:
7215:
7195:
7078:
6988:
6951:
6936:
6684:
6591:
6533:
6355:
6350:
6107:
6076:
6028:
5718:
5649:
5634:
5462:
5440:
5361:
5309:
5299:
5271:
5224:
5207:
5131:
5072:
5062:
5001:
4668:
4574:
4365:
4063:
3544:
3446:
3384:
3126:
3077:
2623:
2278:
1727:
1606:
1219:
989:
745:
629:. Formulas giving churches with a large central area were to become preferred in
5698:
1605:, p. xxii, 1994, Chicago University Press (English trans.), ISBN 9780226042152,
850:
7876:
7844:
7792:
7740:
7723:
7713:
7641:
7303:
7180:
7150:
7047:
7035:
6909:
6843:
6775:
6642:
6538:
6241:
5937:
5877:
5818:
5682:
5612:
5319:
5241:
5158:
5011:
4664:
4564:
4360:
4249:
4195:
4128:
4108:
3867:
3708:
3548:
3534:
3509:
3504:
3295:
3269:
3199:
3014:
2916:
2911:
2894:
2834:
2728:
2675:
2504:
2424:
2273:
1889:
994:
984:
923:
831:
808:
685:
665:
597:
171:
150:
134:
7457:
5326:
1494:, chapter II, covers the whole story of the Christianization of the basilica..
7926:
7777:
7745:
7606:
7601:
7584:
7412:
7407:
7392:
7367:
7357:
7308:
6968:
6946:
6877:
6743:
6572:
6475:
6451:
6434:
6402:
6387:
6168:
6158:
6153:
6057:
5806:
5767:
5706:
5532:
5489:
5258:
5187:
5119:
4961:
4939:
4855:
4589:
4520:
4370:
4078:
3718:
3713:
3451:
3388:
3377:
3264:
3151:
3054:
3042:
2906:
2879:
2819:
2298:
2118:
1714:(Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament Series), Mohr Siebeck,
1621:
by Thomas F. Mathews. Review by: W. Eugene Kleinbauer (quoted, from p. 937),
1161:
919:
883:
475:
463:
380:
341:
206:
179:
154:
80:
68:
61:
7262:
6407:
6069:
7856:
7809:
7765:
7755:
7718:
7688:
7651:
7626:
7616:
7579:
7422:
7205:
7073:
6797:
6726:
6523:
6446:
6197:
6148:
6052:
6033:
6001:
5898:
5838:
5833:
5578:
5398:
5236:
5094:
5077:
5037:
5032:
4986:
4924:
4402:
4350:
4281:
4271:
3952:
3884:
3749:
3645:
3476:
3406:
3284:
3093:
3064:
2931:
2628:
2371:
2330:
1598:
822:
571:
408:
323:
57:
7851:
5712:
1937:
1869:
267:
was a later development). Later personified symbols were used, including
7772:
7735:
7676:
7552:
7547:
7542:
7490:
7485:
7427:
7330:
7267:
7220:
7160:
7130:
7052:
6894:
6732:
6721:
6694:
6664:
6528:
6502:
6419:
6340:
6328:
6283:
6273:
6268:
6246:
6207:
6043:
6018:
5903:
5865:
5772:
5740:
5692:
5420:
5348:
5141:
5082:
4996:
4934:
4894:
4704:
4454:
4417:
4266:
4118:
4093:
3990:
3116:
2977:
2948:
2889:
2864:
2859:
2723:
2638:
2532:
2513:
2222:
1792:
1625:, Vol. 70, No. 4 (Oct., 1995), pp. 937-941, Medieval Academy of America,
1544:
The churches and catacombs of early Christian Rome: a comprehensive guide
1041:
973:
957:
953:
875:
846:
661:
495:
491:
483:
459:
254:
202:
158:
129:
95:
1786:
699:
Among the key buildings, not all surviving in their original form, are:
344:, consists of the first two characters of the name 'Christos' in Greek.
7819:
7631:
7591:
7537:
7505:
7397:
7235:
7190:
7083:
6889:
6699:
6567:
6288:
6090:
5882:
5723:
5511:
5277:
5182:
5146:
5136:
5114:
4929:
4919:
4907:
4859:
4552:
4291:
4088:
3744:
3676:
3496:
3246:
3194:
2999:
2829:
2474:
2303:
2247:
2242:
1626:
1529:
1505:
1018:
965:
949:
826:
634:
487:
49:
7881:
7871:
7834:
7666:
7656:
7636:
7462:
7432:
7165:
7088:
6507:
6293:
6130:
5887:
5588:
5537:
5435:
5246:
5052:
5023:
4709:
4557:
4392:
4382:
4375:
4333:
4328:
4123:
4083:
3491:
3441:
3367:
3362:
3136:
3121:
2849:
2839:
2542:
2528:
2252:
1825:
1216:
Ante pacem: archaeological evidence of church life before Constantine
1027:
704:
240:
142:
110:
76:
4854:
1639:, Vol. 77, No. 3 (Sep., 1995), pp. 499–502; RW. Eugene Kleinbauer,
1629:; JSTOR has other reviews, all with criticisms along similar lines:
1521:
7861:
7782:
7730:
7661:
7574:
7495:
7447:
7313:
7298:
7155:
7093:
7025:
6919:
6904:
6578:
6492:
6482:
6470:
6214:
5677:
5374:
5314:
4098:
3967:
3335:
3214:
2854:
2633:
2547:
2293:
2283:
2237:
2232:
2227:
1803:(Seventh ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
1603:
Likeness and Presence: A History of the Image Before the Era of Art
1046:
609:
583:
288:
92:
72:
7200:
7003:
6941:
6758:
6657:
6397:
6124:
5957:
5563:
5163:
5047:
4798:
4407:
4387:
4244:
4133:
3372:
3302:
2962:
2926:
1920:, Freiburg im Breisgau, 1903, from Heidelberg University Library]
939:
927:
870:
now becomes important; fortunately this survives far better than
841:
from pagan religious art had been pointed out as far back as the
821:
Christian art became grander to suit the new spaces and clients.
352:
337:
328:
280:
259:
250:
245:
186:
in 325. The earlier period being called the Pre-Constantinian or
163:
146:
6119:
1649:, Vol. 136, No. 1096 (Jul., 1994), pp. 458–459;Annabel Wharton,
1402:
1378:
7824:
7683:
7175:
7105:
6674:
6586:
6441:
5672:
3614:
2388:
2308:
2175:
1568:
1045:
be seen in them. The same technique began to be used for gold
871:
867:
567:
333:
106:
102:
1030:
with a design between two fused layers of glass, developed in
5908:
4340:
3800:
3739:
3696:
2936:
961:
931:
622:
529:
Moses striking the rock in the desert, a prototype of baptism
441:
389:
300:
292:
268:
126:, which include most examples of the earliest Christian art.
1763:, vol. 9, pp. 1–36. DOI: 10.1080/23753234.2024.2322546.
1668:
1619:
The Clash of Gods: A Reinterpretation of Early Christian Art
1449:
1437:
1322:
1293:
1196:
7760:
6562:
1312:
1310:
1308:
934:, then the seat of the Imperial court, and the 6th-century
900:
892:
613:
437:
356:
236:
228:
1366:
825:
wrote that "in late antiquity... Christianity adopted the
235:. From literary evidence, there may well have been panel
7751:
Art in the Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation
1680:
1656:
1580:
1390:
1354:
1260:
1248:
1224:
1075:
1073:
541:
3rd-century cover for catacomb burial, engraved with the
1643:, Vol. 70, No. 4 (Oct., 1995), pp. 937–941, Liz James,
1414:
1305:
1142:
1106:
1094:
1933:
CHRISTIAN CONTRIBUTION TO ART AND ARCHITECTURE IN INDIA
1272:
452:() were all favourites, that could be easily depicted.
3554:
Political influence of Evangelicalism in Latin America
1473:
1461:
1118:
1070:
922:
have survived, including the complex late-5th-century
1236:
1091:
van der Meer, F., 27 uses "roughly from 200 to 600".
1026:
or gold glass was a technique for fixing a layer of
1166:
1130:
562:
1791:
1768:The Invisible God: The Earliest Christians on Art
428:, and the salvation of the soul of the deceased.
91:. Christians may have made or purchased art with
27:Art produced by Christians before Byzantine times
7924:
225:persecution of Christians under the Roman Empire
1653:, Vol. 100, No. 5 (Dec., 1995), pp. 1518–1519 .
1918:("Paintings in the Roman catacombs, (Plates)")
4840:
4514:Architecture of cathedrals and great churches
4213:
3630:
1953:
1712:Roman Domestic Art & Early House Churches
802:Detail - cast of the central sections of the
673:
157:". Early Christians also developed their own
141:Early Christian art and architecture adapted
79:, and simply small numbers of followers. The
167:) were not borrowed from pagan iconography.
1967:
347:
307:was made by Christians from very early on.
4847:
4833:
3637:
3623:
1960:
1946:
1916:Die Malereien der Katakomben Roms (Tafeln)
1218:, p. 134, Mercer University Press, 2003,
1006:Early Byzantine mosaics in the Middle East
837:Although borrowings of motifs such as the
793:
1888:
1674:
1455:
1443:
1420:
1408:
1384:
1328:
1316:
1299:
1202:
365:early Christianity was generally aniconic
359:praying in the Ark, from a Roman catacomb
161:; for example, such symbols as the fish (
89:constrained Christians from producing art
52:, or under Christian patronage, from the
1853:
1725:
1686:
1662:
1586:
1574:
1491:
1479:
1467:
1396:
1360:
1266:
1254:
1230:
1148:
1112:
1100:
944:
797:
639:
591:
566:
351:
201:
128:
29:
3378:Fostering of early experimental science
1928:State University of New York at Oneonta
1546:, p. 251, 2001, Sussex Academic Press,
1506:"The Style of Sinan's Domed Structures"
340:monogram, XP, apparently first used by
14:
7925:
7528:Contemporary Indigenous Australian art
3482:Fundamentalist – Modernist controversy
1914:267 plates from Wilpert, Joseph, ed.,
1817:
1372:
1278:
1242:
1172:
1136:
1124:
1079:
938:from the Byzantine Italian capital of
326:representing God, in the throne are a
283:' charming the animals. The image of "
5548:Art of the late 16th century in Milan
4828:
3618:
1941:
1503:
788:, Sofia, Bulgaria, 3rd-4th century CE
682:Santi Marcellino e Pietro al Laterano
1783:Papers of the British School at Rome
1184:Finney, viii–xii, viii and xi quoted
117:. Early Christian art used not only
42:Early Christian art and architecture
668:is now the only remaining element,
482:Saints are fairly often seen, with
67:It is hard to know when distinctly
24:
6883:Vienna School of Fantastic Realism
5734:Neoclassical architecture in Milan
772:in Sofia, Bulgaria, 4th century CE
711:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
660:, the older basilica dedicated to
190:and after being the period of the
25:
8014:
6957:American Figurative Expressionism
5293:International Gothic art in Italy
1907:
1821:Understanding Early Christian Art
1761:Church, Communication and Culture
1729:Early Christian and Byzantine Art
512:Three Youths in the Fiery Furnace
450:Three Youths in the Fiery Furnace
7907:
7906:
6466:Neue Künstlervereinigung München
4809:
4808:
4797:
3925:State church of the Roman Empire
3644:
1753:and Maciej Jan Jasiński (2024).
918:of the 4th century. A number of
886:scenes along the nave walls of
777:
761:
684:, and one in the modern park of
563:Christian architecture after 313
550:
534:
522:
503:
35:Jesus healing the bleeding woman
7388:Tunisian collaborative painting
6861:International Typographic Style
3908:First seven ecumenical councils
1818:Jensen, Robin Margaret (2000).
1692:
1611:
1592:
1536:
1497:
1426:
1343:
1334:
1284:
1208:
1187:
1178:
604:The usable model at hand, when
574:, Rome, interior (5th century).
192:First seven Ecumenical Councils
174:of 313, bringing the so-called
7141:The Caribbean Artists Movement
4775:Relations with other religions
4181:Church of the East (Nestorian)
4176:Oriental Orthodox (Miaphysite)
3341:Separation of church and state
3010:Formal and material principles
2995:Separation of church and state
1651:The American Historical Review
1154:
1085:
926:, probably a product of Saint
399:, or Jews or followers of the
13:
1:
7938:Palaeo-Christian architecture
5497:Dutch and Flemish Renaissance
3005:Hymnody of continental Europe
2156:Apostles in the New Testament
1785:, Vol. 72, pp. 203–230,
1704:
1012:
1002:Late Antique mosaics in Italy
316:
7612:Modern European ink painting
6984:Bay Area Figurative Movement
1059:Oldest churches in the world
912:Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus
804:Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus
726:Church of the Holy Sepulchre
670:San Sebastiano fuori le mura
7:
7273:Artificial intelligence art
4482:Views on poverty and wealth
2453:Eastern Orthodox opposition
1770:, Oxford University Press,
1766:Finney, Paul Corby (1997).
1052:
981:– 5th-century Old Testament
752:Church of St. George, Sofia
336:representing the Son. The
18:Paleochristian architecture
10:
8019:
7186:Post-painterly abstraction
7009:Situationist International
6383:Pennsylvania Impressionism
4727:World Evangelical Alliance
4689:Traditionalist Catholicism
2470:Art patronage of Julius II
1900:Metropolitan Museum of Art
1801:The Visual Arts: A History
1016:
979:Quedlinburg Itala fragment
908:early Christian sarcophagi
721:Old Saint Peter's Basilica
658:Old Saint Peter's Basilica
577:
456:Early Christian sarcophagi
363:A general assumption that
216:
197:
64:, or according to region.
37:, Roman catacombs, 300–350
8003:Art by period of creation
7902:
7706:
7471:
7281:
7061:
6853:
6837:
6769:California Scene Painting
6648:California Scene Painting
6604:Figurative Constructivism
6516:
6321:
6100:
6089:
5919:
5856:
5749:
5665:
5655:Poussinists and Rubenists
5556:
5360:
5093:
4893:
4884:
4871:
4792:
4742:
4722:World Council of Churches
4697:
4615:
4499:
4490:
4445:
4230:
4214:
4209:Latter Day Saint movement
4194:
4154:
4054:
4035:
3981:
3938:
3883:
3789:
3768:
3727:
3695:
3652:
3562:
3397:
3316:
3245:
3180:
3102:
3033:
2973:Calvinist–Arminian debate
2947:
2714:
2597:
2433:
2324:
2206:
2104:
1993:
1975:
1854:Syndicus, Eduard (1962).
1846:Meer, F. van der (1967).
952:from the catacombs, with
736:Saint Sofia Church, Sofia
676:San Lorenzo fuori le Mura
674:
646:San Lorenzo fuori le mura
85:Idolatry and Christianity
48:) is the art produced by
7998:6th-century architecture
7993:5th-century architecture
7988:4th-century architecture
7983:3rd-century architecture
7867:Prehistoric European art
7516:Contemporary African art
6999:Gendai Bijutsu Kondankai
6927:Generación de la Ruptura
6554:Universal Constructivism
6346:California Impressionism
6301:American Barbizon school
4750:Anti-Christian sentiment
3930:Christian biblical canon
3462:Christian existentialism
1926:, introduction from the
1710:Balch, David L. (2000).
1064:
899:No panel paintings, or "
814:Jesus entering Jerusalem
446:Daniel in the lion's den
348:Christian art before 313
287:", a beardless youth in
7694:Walking Artists Network
7031:Letterist International
6871:Washington Color School
5785:Arts in the Philippines
4804:Christianity portal
3963:Investiture Controversy
1969:History of Christianity
1882:Encyclopædia Britannica
1726:Beckwith, John (1979).
1646:The Burlington Magazine
1340:Balch, 41 and chapter 6
794:Christian art after 313
401:Roman mystery religions
219:Early Christian symbols
115:manuscript illumination
7805:Illuminated manuscript
7453:The Designers Republic
7403:Neue Slowenische Kunst
7326:Pattern and Decoration
7226:Institutional critique
6866:Abstract expressionism
5846:Latin American Baroque
5802:Colonial Asian Baroque
4755:Christian universalism
4146:Western Rite Orthodoxy
3991:Protestant Reformation
3530:Fourth Great Awakening
3417:Second Great Awakening
2656:Fall of Constantinople
2448:Development of primacy
1411:, p. no. 362-367.
1387:, p. no. 360-407.
969:
843:Protestant Reformation
817:
731:Church of the Nativity
649:
631:Byzantine architecture
601:
575:
413:Dura-Europos synagogue
397:Ancient Roman religion
360:
279:in the lion's den, or
214:
184:First Council of Nicea
138:
38:
7958:Christian iconography
7443:Artist-run initiative
7418:Young British Artists
7383:New European Painting
7319:Moscow Conceptualists
7241:Feminist art movement
7019:Ukrainian underground
6994:Gutai Art Association
6393:Ten American Painters
5897:Western influence in
4874:List of art movements
4413:Anointing of the Sick
3525:Reformed epistemology
3467:Third Great Awakening
3437:Seventh-day Adventist
3358:First Great Awakening
3231:Book of Common Prayer
3025:Protestant work ethic
2568:Independent Catholics
2519:Monastery dissolution
1877:"Early Christian art"
1734:Yale University Press
1504:Kuban, Doğan (1987).
948:
801:
643:
606:Emperor Constantine I
595:
570:
543:Adoration of the Magi
516:catacomb of Priscilla
422:Resurrection of Jesus
355:
273:resurrection of Jesus
211:Catacomb of Priscilla
205:
176:Triumph of the Church
132:
33:
7253:Saqqakhaneh movement
7146:Chicano art movement
7014:Soviet Nonconformist
6820:Boston Expressionism
6803:Abstraction-Création
6621:Arbeitsrat für Kunst
6614:Cologne Progressives
6334:Art Nouveau in Milan
6137:Anglo-Japanese style
6113:National romanticism
5543:Fontainebleau School
5453:Northern Renaissance
5288:International Gothic
4734:Nondenominationalism
4607:Role in civilization
4074:Independent Catholic
4016:Relations with Islam
3996:Catholic Reformation
3348:Edicts of toleration
3157:Three Forms of Unity
2922:Bohemian Reformation
2495:Catholic Reformation
2352:Roman state religion
2171:Council of Jerusalem
1842:on 25 December 2013.
916:Dogmatic sarcophagus
888:Santa Maria Maggiore
257:, or an anchor (the
243:symbols such as the
7933:Early Christian art
7788:Hierarchy of genres
7353:Saint Soleil School
7289:Post-conceptual art
7258:The Stars Art Group
7136:Black Arts Movement
7099:Neo-Dada Organizers
6900:Lyrical abstraction
6633:Australian tonalism
6306:California Tonalism
5978:Hudson River School
5781:Colonial Asian art
5521:English Renaissance
5470:Ghent–Bruges school
5458:Early Netherlandish
5370:Italian Renaissance
5283:Gothic art in Milan
4780:Unlimited atonement
4765:Cultural Christians
4204:Jehovah's Witnesses
3826:Sermon on the Mount
3755:Christian tradition
3682:Lists of Christians
3520:Liberation theology
3427:Jehovah's Witnesses
3260:Radical Reformation
2988:Resistance theories
2875:Christian mysticism
2870:Early Scholasticism
2582:Ecclesial community
2480:Counter-Reformation
2345:Constantinian shift
1924:Early Christian art
1857:Early Christian Art
1848:Early Christian Art
1375:, p. Chapte 3.
1214:Graydon F. Snyder,
1024:Gold sandwich glass
627:church architecture
580:Church architecture
444:striking the rock,
430:Jonah and the whale
377:Dura-Europos church
151:Vitis viniferavines
137:, 4th-century ivory
7978:6th century in art
7973:5th century in art
7968:4th century in art
7963:3rd century in art
7830:Landscape painting
7438:New Leipzig School
7378:Neo-conceptual art
7126:Art & Language
7121:Capitalist realism
7043:Florida Highwaymen
6979:Hard-edge painting
6793:Streamline Moderne
6754:Harlem Renaissance
6597:Novecento Italiano
6425:Deutscher Werkbund
6252:Post-Impressionism
5814:Latin American art
5618:Guild of Romanists
5480:German Renaissance
5475:Northern Mannerism
4625:Crusading movement
3893:Ante-Nicene period
3594:Oriental Orthodoxy
3237:King James Version
3049:Ninety-five Theses
2845:Apostolic Brethren
2619:Church of the East
2614:Oriental Orthodoxy
2460:Crusading movement
1980:Early Christianity
1677:, p. 366-369.
1532:– via JSTOR.
1458:, p. 424-425.
1446:, p. no. 383.
1331:, p. no. 365.
1302:, p. no. 377.
1205:, p. no. 360.
970:
936:Throne of Maximian
818:
786:Rotunda St. George
770:Basilica St. Sofia
650:
602:
576:
494:or a contemporary
472:depiction of Jesus
434:Sacrifice of Isaac
361:
291:scenes collecting
215:
188:Ante-Nicene Period
139:
46:Paleochristian art
39:
7953:Ancient Roman art
7920:
7919:
7702:
7701:
7558:Corporate Memphis
7511:Classical Realism
7481:Amazonian pop art
7373:Appropriation art
7341:Neo-expressionism
7211:Environmental art
7116:Nouvelle tendance
6833:
6832:
6781:Socialist realism
6638:Dresden Secession
6257:Neo-Impressionism
6220:Decadent movement
6191:Heidelberg School
6085:
6084:
5983:American luminism
5968:Düsseldorf School
5963:Shoreham Ancients
5953:Nazarene movement
5943:Danish Golden Age
5824:Indochristian art
5502:Antwerp Mannerism
5391:Pittura infamante
5385:Florentine School
5380:Proto-Renaissance
4822:
4821:
4788:
4787:
4716:Charta Oecumenica
4226:
4225:
4216:Iglesia ni Cristo
4031:
4030:
4011:French Revolution
4001:Thirty Years' War
3873:Apostolic fathers
3841:Great Commandment
3612:
3611:
3589:Eastern Orthodoxy
3457:Finnish Awakening
3412:Holiness movement
3353:Congregationalism
3312:
3311:
3172:Metrical psalters
2609:Eastern Orthodoxy
2553:Neo-Scholasticism
2260:Canon development
2161:Jewish Christians
1862:Burns & Oates
1850:, Faber and Faber
1560:978-1-902210-58-2
1037:Catacombs of Rome
1032:Hellenistic glass
930:'s episcopate in
859:Ernst Kantorowicz
742:Centralized Plan
596:lnterior view of
385:Catacombs of Rome
369:Jewish background
305:sign of the cross
285:The Good Shepherd
233:catacombs of Rome
124:Catacombs of Rome
16:(Redirected from
8010:
7910:
7909:
7894:Western painting
7840:Modern sculpture
7798:History painting
7501:Art intervention
7294:Installation art
7111:Nouveau réalisme
6851:
6850:
6825:Leningrad School
6717:Mexican muralism
6690:Grosvenor School
6430:American Realism
6413:Der Blaue Reiter
6371:Berlin Secession
6366:Vienna Secession
6361:Munich Secession
6279:Pont-Aven School
6098:
6097:
5948:Troubadour style
5926:(c. 1770 – 1862)
5893:Qing handicrafts
5859:Western elements
5790:Letras y figuras
5763:African-American
5758:African diaspora
5729:Directoire style
5640:Heptanese school
5623:Dutch Golden Age
5608:Stroganov School
5601:Lutheran Baroque
5596:Louis XIII style
5569:Baroque in Milan
5431:Bolognese School
5426:High Renaissance
5409:Forlivese School
5404:Ferrarese School
5127:Migration Period
4891:
4890:
4849:
4842:
4835:
4826:
4825:
4812:
4811:
4802:
4801:
4645:Environmentalism
4595:Church buildings
4497:
4496:
4312:Eastern Orthodox
4307:Eastern Catholic
4219:
4218:
4186:Eastern Catholic
4164:Eastern Orthodox
4052:
4051:
3973:Age of Discovery
3958:East–West Schism
3856:Great Commission
3787:
3786:
3639:
3632:
3625:
3616:
3615:
3031:
3030:
2418:Non-Chalcedonian
2399:Constantinople I
2191:General epistles
2186:Pauline epistles
2166:Paul the Apostle
2144:Great Commission
1962:
1955:
1948:
1939:
1938:
1903:
1873:
1843:
1838:. Archived from
1814:
1751:Bühren, Ralf van
1747:
1732:(2nd ed.).
1699:
1698:Grig, throughout
1696:
1690:
1689:, p. 25-26.
1684:
1678:
1672:
1666:
1665:, p. 52-54.
1660:
1654:
1636:The Art Bulletin
1615:
1609:
1596:
1590:
1589:, p. 69-70.
1584:
1578:
1572:
1566:
1540:
1534:
1533:
1501:
1495:
1489:
1483:
1477:
1471:
1465:
1459:
1453:
1447:
1441:
1435:
1430:
1424:
1418:
1412:
1406:
1400:
1399:, p. 21-24.
1394:
1388:
1382:
1376:
1370:
1364:
1363:, p. 15-18.
1358:
1352:
1347:
1341:
1338:
1332:
1326:
1320:
1314:
1303:
1297:
1291:
1288:
1282:
1281:, p. 10-15.
1276:
1270:
1269:, p. 10–11.
1264:
1258:
1257:, p. 23–24.
1252:
1246:
1240:
1234:
1233:, p. 29-30.
1228:
1222:
1212:
1206:
1200:
1194:
1191:
1185:
1182:
1176:
1170:
1164:
1158:
1152:
1151:, p. 21-23.
1146:
1140:
1134:
1128:
1127:, p. 12-15.
1122:
1116:
1115:, p. 30-32.
1110:
1104:
1103:, p. 10–14.
1098:
1092:
1089:
1083:
1082:, p. 15–16.
1077:
910:are perhaps the
839:Virgin and Child
784:Exterior of the
781:
768:Exterior of the
765:
679:
678:
554:
538:
526:
507:
321:
318:
87:) may also have
21:
8018:
8017:
8013:
8012:
8011:
8009:
8008:
8007:
7923:
7922:
7921:
7916:
7898:
7815:Interactive art
7698:
7672:SoFlo Superflat
7597:Kitsch movement
7521:Africanfuturism
7473:
7467:
7346:Transavantgarde
7277:
7231:Light and Space
7216:Performance art
7196:Psychedelic art
7079:Nueva Presencia
7069:Otra Figuración
7057:
6989:Les Plasticiens
6974:New York School
6952:Action painting
6937:Metcalf Chateau
6846:
6841:
6829:
6749:Cercle et Carré
6685:New Objectivity
6592:Return to order
6534:School of Paris
6512:
6356:School of Paris
6317:
6203:Arts and Crafts
6108:Neo-romanticism
6093:
6081:
6077:Etching revival
6029:Barbizon school
5973:Pre-Raphaelites
5925:
5922:
5915:
5858:
5852:
5745:
5719:Louis XVI style
5661:
5650:Louis XIV style
5613:Animal painting
5574:Flemish Baroque
5552:
5463:World landscape
5414:Venetian School
5356:
5343:Majorcan school
5310:Novgorod School
5300:Lucchese School
5272:Opus Anglicanum
5264:Norman-Sicilian
5208:Italo-Byzantine
5108:Early Christian
5089:
5073:Pompeian Styles
4886:
4880:
4867:
4853:
4823:
4818:
4796:
4784:
4738:
4693:
4611:
4492:
4486:
4441:
4366:One true church
4222:
4190:
4150:
4039:
4027:
3977:
3934:
3879:
3806:in Christianity
3792:
3778:
3772:
3764:
3723:
3699:
3691:
3648:
3643:
3613:
3608:
3558:
3545:Christian right
3447:Oxford Movement
3422:Restorationists
3393:
3308:
3241:
3176:
3127:Presbyterianism
3098:
3078:Book of Concord
3029:
2953:
2951:
2943:
2710:
2600:
2593:
2429:
2328:
2320:
2279:Clement of Rome
2209:
2202:
2106:
2100:
1989:
1971:
1966:
1910:
1890:Weitzmann, Kurt
1836:
1811:
1778:, 9780195113815
1744:
1722:, 9783161493836
1707:
1702:
1697:
1693:
1685:
1681:
1673:
1669:
1661:
1657:
1616:
1612:
1597:
1593:
1585:
1581:
1573:
1569:
1542:Webb, Matilda.
1541:
1537:
1522:10.2307/1523097
1502:
1498:
1490:
1486:
1478:
1474:
1466:
1462:
1454:
1450:
1442:
1438:
1431:
1427:
1419:
1415:
1407:
1403:
1395:
1391:
1383:
1379:
1371:
1367:
1359:
1355:
1348:
1344:
1339:
1335:
1327:
1323:
1315:
1306:
1298:
1294:
1290:Balch, 183, 193
1289:
1285:
1277:
1273:
1265:
1261:
1253:
1249:
1241:
1237:
1229:
1225:
1213:
1209:
1201:
1197:
1192:
1188:
1183:
1179:
1171:
1167:
1159:
1155:
1147:
1143:
1135:
1131:
1123:
1119:
1111:
1107:
1099:
1095:
1090:
1086:
1078:
1071:
1067:
1055:
1021:
1015:
990:Rossano Gospels
855:Andreas Alföldi
796:
789:
782:
773:
766:
746:Santa Constanza
586:
565:
558:
555:
546:
539:
530:
527:
518:
508:
350:
319:
221:
200:
54:earliest period
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8016:
8006:
8005:
8000:
7995:
7990:
7985:
7980:
7975:
7970:
7965:
7960:
7955:
7950:
7945:
7940:
7935:
7918:
7917:
7915:
7914:
7903:
7900:
7899:
7897:
7896:
7891:
7884:
7879:
7874:
7869:
7864:
7859:
7854:
7849:
7848:
7847:
7845:Late modernism
7842:
7832:
7827:
7822:
7817:
7812:
7807:
7802:
7801:
7800:
7795:
7793:Genre painting
7785:
7780:
7775:
7770:
7769:
7768:
7763:
7758:
7753:
7743:
7741:Ballets Russes
7738:
7733:
7728:
7727:
7726:
7724:Asemic writing
7716:
7714:History of art
7710:
7708:
7707:Related topics
7704:
7703:
7700:
7699:
7697:
7696:
7691:
7686:
7681:
7680:
7679:
7674:
7664:
7659:
7654:
7649:
7644:
7642:Relational art
7639:
7634:
7629:
7624:
7619:
7614:
7609:
7604:
7599:
7594:
7589:
7588:
7587:
7577:
7572:
7567:
7565:Hypermodernism
7562:
7561:
7560:
7550:
7545:
7540:
7535:
7530:
7525:
7524:
7523:
7513:
7508:
7503:
7498:
7493:
7488:
7483:
7477:
7475:
7469:
7468:
7466:
7465:
7460:
7455:
7450:
7445:
7440:
7435:
7430:
7425:
7420:
7415:
7410:
7405:
7400:
7395:
7390:
7385:
7380:
7375:
7370:
7365:
7360:
7355:
7350:
7349:
7348:
7338:
7333:
7328:
7323:
7322:
7321:
7311:
7306:
7304:Postminimalism
7301:
7296:
7291:
7285:
7283:
7279:
7278:
7276:
7275:
7270:
7265:
7260:
7255:
7250:
7249:
7248:
7238:
7233:
7228:
7223:
7218:
7213:
7208:
7203:
7198:
7193:
7188:
7183:
7181:Generative art
7178:
7173:
7168:
7163:
7158:
7153:
7151:Conceptual art
7148:
7143:
7138:
7133:
7128:
7123:
7118:
7113:
7108:
7103:
7102:
7101:
7091:
7086:
7081:
7076:
7071:
7065:
7063:
7059:
7058:
7056:
7055:
7050:
7048:Cybernetic art
7045:
7040:
7039:
7038:
7036:Ultra-Lettrist
7033:
7023:
7022:
7021:
7011:
7006:
7001:
6996:
6991:
6986:
6981:
6976:
6971:
6966:
6965:
6964:
6954:
6949:
6944:
6939:
6934:
6929:
6924:
6923:
6922:
6917:
6912:
6910:Arte Informale
6907:
6897:
6892:
6887:
6886:
6885:
6875:
6874:
6873:
6863:
6857:
6855:
6848:
6847:(1945–present)
6835:
6834:
6831:
6830:
6828:
6827:
6822:
6817:
6812:
6807:
6806:
6805:
6795:
6790:
6789:
6788:
6783:
6776:Heroic realism
6773:
6772:
6771:
6761:
6756:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6736:
6729:
6724:
6719:
6714:
6713:
6712:
6710:Latin American
6707:
6697:
6692:
6687:
6682:
6680:Group of Seven
6677:
6672:
6667:
6662:
6661:
6660:
6650:
6645:
6643:Social realism
6640:
6635:
6630:
6629:
6628:
6626:November Group
6618:
6617:
6616:
6611:
6601:
6600:
6599:
6589:
6584:
6583:
6582:
6570:
6565:
6560:
6559:
6558:
6557:
6556:
6549:Latin American
6544:Constructivism
6541:
6539:Crystal Cubism
6536:
6531:
6526:
6520:
6518:
6514:
6513:
6511:
6510:
6505:
6500:
6495:
6490:
6485:
6480:
6479:
6478:
6468:
6463:
6456:
6455:
6454:
6449:
6439:
6438:
6437:
6427:
6422:
6417:
6416:
6415:
6410:
6400:
6395:
6390:
6385:
6380:
6379:
6378:
6373:
6368:
6363:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6337:
6336:
6325:
6323:
6319:
6318:
6316:
6315:
6310:
6309:
6308:
6298:
6297:
6296:
6291:
6286:
6281:
6276:
6271:
6266:
6265:
6264:
6249:
6244:
6242:Volcano School
6239:
6238:
6237:
6232:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6211:
6210:
6200:
6195:
6194:
6193:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6177:
6176:
6171:
6156:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6140:
6139:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6116:
6115:
6104:
6102:
6095:
6087:
6086:
6083:
6082:
6080:
6079:
6074:
6073:
6072:
6067:
6066:
6065:
6050:
6049:
6048:
6047:
6046:
6036:
6031:
6021:
6016:
6015:
6014:
6004:
5999:
5997:Norwich School
5994:
5989:
5988:
5987:
5986:
5985:
5975:
5970:
5965:
5960:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5938:Fairy painting
5929:
5927:
5917:
5916:
5914:
5913:
5912:
5911:
5906:
5895:
5890:
5885:
5880:
5875:
5874:
5873:
5862:
5860:
5854:
5853:
5851:
5850:
5849:
5848:
5843:
5842:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5829:Chilote School
5821:
5819:Casta painting
5811:
5810:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5798:
5797:
5795:Tipos del País
5792:
5779:
5778:
5777:
5776:
5775:
5765:
5753:
5751:
5747:
5746:
5744:
5743:
5738:
5737:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5704:
5703:
5702:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5683:Louis XV style
5680:
5669:
5667:
5663:
5662:
5660:
5659:
5658:
5657:
5652:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5631:
5630:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5604:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5592:
5591:
5586:
5576:
5571:
5560:
5558:
5554:
5553:
5551:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5529:
5528:
5518:
5517:
5516:
5515:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5494:
5493:
5492:
5487:
5485:Cologne School
5477:
5472:
5467:
5466:
5465:
5450:
5449:
5448:
5447:
5446:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5418:
5417:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5396:
5395:
5394:
5387:
5382:
5366:
5364:
5358:
5357:
5355:
5354:
5353:
5352:
5345:
5340:
5338:Italian school
5329:
5324:
5323:
5322:
5320:Sienese School
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5296:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5275:
5268:
5267:
5266:
5256:
5255:
5254:
5249:
5239:
5234:
5233:
5232:
5230:Pre-Romanesque
5227:
5222:
5212:
5211:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5185:
5180:
5179:
5178:
5166:
5161:
5159:Donor portrait
5156:
5155:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5124:
5123:
5122:
5112:
5111:
5110:
5099:
5097:
5091:
5090:
5088:
5087:
5086:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5068:Julio-Claudian
5065:
5060:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5029:
5028:
5027:
5026:
5021:
5020:
5019:
5017:Greco-Buddhist
5009:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4957:Protogeometric
4954:
4944:
4943:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4917:
4912:
4911:
4910:
4899:
4897:
4888:
4882:
4881:
4872:
4869:
4868:
4852:
4851:
4844:
4837:
4829:
4820:
4819:
4817:
4816:
4806:
4793:
4790:
4789:
4786:
4785:
4783:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4746:
4744:
4740:
4739:
4737:
4736:
4731:
4730:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4707:
4701:
4699:
4695:
4694:
4692:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4662:
4657:
4655:Fundamentalism
4652:
4650:Existentialism
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4621:
4619:
4613:
4612:
4610:
4609:
4604:
4603:
4602:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4561:
4560:
4550:
4549:
4548:
4543:
4541:God the Father
4538:
4533:
4528:
4518:
4517:
4516:
4505:
4503:
4494:
4488:
4487:
4485:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4473:
4472:
4462:
4457:
4451:
4449:
4443:
4442:
4440:
4439:
4438:
4437:
4427:
4422:
4421:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4380:
4379:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4361:Body of Christ
4358:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4337:
4336:
4326:
4321:
4320:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4263:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4236:
4234:
4228:
4227:
4224:
4223:
4221:
4220:
4211:
4206:
4200:
4198:
4196:Restorationist
4192:
4191:
4189:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4172:
4171:
4160:
4158:
4152:
4151:
4149:
4148:
4143:
4142:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4060:
4058:
4049:
4033:
4032:
4029:
4028:
4026:
4025:
4024:
4023:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3987:
3985:
3979:
3978:
3976:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3944:
3942:
3936:
3935:
3933:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3921:
3920:
3915:
3905:
3900:
3898:Late antiquity
3895:
3889:
3887:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3877:
3876:
3875:
3868:Church fathers
3865:
3860:
3859:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3797:
3795:
3784:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3731:
3729:
3725:
3724:
3722:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3705:
3703:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3653:
3650:
3649:
3642:
3641:
3634:
3627:
3619:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3580:
3579:
3574:
3563:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3556:
3551:
3542:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3510:Pentecostalism
3507:
3505:Jesus movement
3502:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3403:
3401:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3391:
3382:
3381:
3380:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3344:
3343:
3333:
3328:
3322:
3320:
3314:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3306:
3299:
3296:Martyrs Mirror
3292:
3287:
3282:
3280:Martyrs' Synod
3277:
3272:
3270:Swiss Brethren
3267:
3262:
3257:
3251:
3249:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3239:
3234:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3186:
3184:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3108:
3106:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3074:
3069:
3068:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3039:
3037:
3028:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3015:Law and Gospel
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2991:
2990:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2959:
2957:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2941:
2940:
2939:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2903:
2902:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2806:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2770:
2769:
2768:
2767:
2766:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2720:
2718:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2696:Ottoman Empire
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2647:
2646:
2641:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2605:
2603:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2591:
2586:
2585:
2584:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2510:
2509:
2508:
2507:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2456:
2455:
2450:
2439:
2437:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2427:
2425:Biblical canon
2422:
2421:
2420:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2380:
2379:
2374:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2348:
2347:
2336:
2334:
2326:Late antiquity
2322:
2321:
2319:
2318:
2313:
2312:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2274:Church Fathers
2267:
2262:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2214:
2212:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2199:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2147:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2116:
2110:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1987:
1982:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1965:
1964:
1957:
1950:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1930:
1921:
1909:
1908:External links
1906:
1905:
1904:
1886:
1874:
1851:
1844:
1834:
1815:
1809:
1789:
1779:
1764:
1748:
1742:
1723:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1700:
1691:
1679:
1675:Weitzmann 1979
1667:
1655:
1610:
1591:
1579:
1577:, chapter III.
1567:
1535:
1496:
1484:
1472:
1460:
1456:Weitzmann 1979
1448:
1444:Weitzmann 1979
1436:
1433:Daniel 3:10–30
1425:
1423:, p. 410.
1421:Weitzmann 1979
1413:
1409:Weitzmann 1979
1401:
1389:
1385:Weitzmann 1979
1377:
1365:
1353:
1350:Daniel 3:10–30
1342:
1333:
1329:Weitzmann 1979
1321:
1319:, p. 396.
1317:Weitzmann 1979
1304:
1300:Weitzmann 1979
1292:
1283:
1271:
1259:
1247:
1235:
1223:
1207:
1203:Weitzmann 1979
1195:
1186:
1177:
1165:
1153:
1141:
1129:
1117:
1105:
1093:
1084:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1054:
1051:
1017:Main article:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1009:
999:
998:
997:
995:Cotton Genesis
992:
987:
985:Vienna Genesis
982:
924:Brescia Casket
920:ivory carvings
832:Orthodox world
809:Traditio Legis
795:
792:
791:
790:
783:
776:
774:
767:
760:
757:
756:
755:
754:
749:
740:
739:
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
703:Constantinian
686:Villa Gordiani
666:Santa Costanza
598:Santa Costanza
564:
561:
560:
559:
556:
549:
547:
540:
533:
531:
528:
521:
519:
509:
502:
349:
346:
199:
196:
172:Edict of Milan
135:Brescia Casket
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8015:
8004:
8001:
7999:
7996:
7994:
7991:
7989:
7986:
7984:
7981:
7979:
7976:
7974:
7971:
7969:
7966:
7964:
7961:
7959:
7956:
7954:
7951:
7949:
7946:
7944:
7943:Christian art
7941:
7939:
7936:
7934:
7931:
7930:
7928:
7913:
7905:
7904:
7901:
7895:
7892:
7890:
7889:
7885:
7883:
7880:
7878:
7875:
7873:
7870:
7868:
7865:
7863:
7860:
7858:
7855:
7853:
7850:
7846:
7843:
7841:
7838:
7837:
7836:
7833:
7831:
7828:
7826:
7823:
7821:
7818:
7816:
7813:
7811:
7808:
7806:
7803:
7799:
7796:
7794:
7791:
7790:
7789:
7786:
7784:
7781:
7779:
7778:Fantastic art
7776:
7774:
7771:
7767:
7764:
7762:
7759:
7757:
7754:
7752:
7749:
7748:
7747:
7746:Christian art
7744:
7742:
7739:
7737:
7734:
7732:
7729:
7725:
7722:
7721:
7720:
7717:
7715:
7712:
7711:
7709:
7705:
7695:
7692:
7690:
7687:
7685:
7682:
7678:
7675:
7673:
7670:
7669:
7668:
7665:
7663:
7660:
7658:
7655:
7653:
7650:
7648:
7647:Skeuomorphism
7645:
7643:
7640:
7638:
7635:
7633:
7630:
7628:
7625:
7623:
7620:
7618:
7615:
7613:
7610:
7608:
7607:Massurrealism
7605:
7603:
7602:Lightpainting
7600:
7598:
7595:
7593:
7590:
7586:
7585:Post-Internet
7583:
7582:
7581:
7578:
7576:
7573:
7571:
7568:
7566:
7563:
7559:
7556:
7555:
7554:
7551:
7549:
7546:
7544:
7541:
7539:
7536:
7534:
7531:
7529:
7526:
7522:
7519:
7518:
7517:
7514:
7512:
7509:
7507:
7504:
7502:
7499:
7497:
7494:
7492:
7489:
7487:
7484:
7482:
7479:
7478:
7476:
7470:
7464:
7461:
7459:
7458:Grunge design
7456:
7454:
7451:
7449:
7446:
7444:
7441:
7439:
7436:
7434:
7431:
7429:
7426:
7424:
7421:
7419:
7416:
7414:
7413:Retrofuturism
7411:
7409:
7408:Scratch video
7406:
7404:
7401:
7399:
7396:
7394:
7393:Memphis Group
7391:
7389:
7386:
7384:
7381:
7379:
7376:
7374:
7371:
7369:
7368:Telematic art
7366:
7364:
7361:
7359:
7358:Guerrilla art
7356:
7354:
7351:
7347:
7344:
7343:
7342:
7339:
7337:
7334:
7332:
7329:
7327:
7324:
7320:
7317:
7316:
7315:
7312:
7310:
7309:Endurance art
7307:
7305:
7302:
7300:
7297:
7295:
7292:
7290:
7287:
7286:
7284:
7280:
7274:
7271:
7269:
7266:
7264:
7261:
7259:
7256:
7254:
7251:
7247:
7244:
7243:
7242:
7239:
7237:
7234:
7232:
7229:
7227:
7224:
7222:
7219:
7217:
7214:
7212:
7209:
7207:
7204:
7202:
7199:
7197:
7194:
7192:
7189:
7187:
7184:
7182:
7179:
7177:
7174:
7172:
7169:
7167:
7164:
7162:
7159:
7157:
7154:
7152:
7149:
7147:
7144:
7142:
7139:
7137:
7134:
7132:
7129:
7127:
7124:
7122:
7119:
7117:
7114:
7112:
7109:
7107:
7104:
7100:
7097:
7096:
7095:
7092:
7090:
7087:
7085:
7082:
7080:
7077:
7075:
7072:
7070:
7067:
7066:
7064:
7060:
7054:
7051:
7049:
7046:
7044:
7041:
7037:
7034:
7032:
7029:
7028:
7027:
7024:
7020:
7017:
7016:
7015:
7012:
7010:
7007:
7005:
7002:
7000:
6997:
6995:
6992:
6990:
6987:
6985:
6982:
6980:
6977:
6975:
6972:
6970:
6969:New media art
6967:
6963:
6960:
6959:
6958:
6955:
6953:
6950:
6948:
6947:Nanyang Style
6945:
6943:
6940:
6938:
6935:
6933:
6930:
6928:
6925:
6921:
6918:
6916:
6913:
6911:
6908:
6906:
6903:
6902:
6901:
6898:
6896:
6893:
6891:
6888:
6884:
6881:
6880:
6879:
6878:Visionary art
6876:
6872:
6869:
6868:
6867:
6864:
6862:
6859:
6858:
6856:
6852:
6849:
6845:
6840:
6836:
6826:
6823:
6821:
6818:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6808:
6804:
6801:
6800:
6799:
6796:
6794:
6791:
6787:
6784:
6782:
6779:
6778:
6777:
6774:
6770:
6767:
6766:
6765:
6762:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6752:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6744:Scuola Romana
6742:
6740:
6737:
6735:
6734:
6730:
6728:
6725:
6723:
6720:
6718:
6715:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6703:
6702:
6701:
6698:
6696:
6693:
6691:
6688:
6686:
6683:
6681:
6678:
6676:
6673:
6671:
6670:Anthropophagy
6668:
6666:
6663:
6659:
6656:
6655:
6654:
6653:Functionalism
6651:
6649:
6646:
6644:
6641:
6639:
6636:
6634:
6631:
6627:
6624:
6623:
6622:
6619:
6615:
6612:
6610:
6607:
6606:
6605:
6602:
6598:
6595:
6594:
6593:
6590:
6588:
6585:
6581:
6580:
6576:
6575:
6574:
6573:Neoplasticism
6571:
6569:
6566:
6564:
6561:
6555:
6552:
6551:
6550:
6547:
6546:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6527:
6525:
6522:
6521:
6519:
6515:
6509:
6506:
6504:
6501:
6499:
6496:
6494:
6491:
6489:
6486:
6484:
6481:
6477:
6476:Cubo-Futurism
6474:
6473:
6472:
6469:
6467:
6464:
6462:
6461:
6457:
6453:
6450:
6448:
6445:
6444:
6443:
6440:
6436:
6435:Ashcan School
6433:
6432:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6423:
6421:
6418:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6405:
6404:
6403:Expressionism
6401:
6399:
6396:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6388:Mir iskusstva
6386:
6384:
6381:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6367:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6358:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6335:
6332:
6331:
6330:
6327:
6326:
6324:
6320:
6314:
6311:
6307:
6304:
6303:
6302:
6299:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6267:
6263:
6260:
6259:
6258:
6255:
6254:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6227:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6209:
6206:
6205:
6204:
6201:
6199:
6196:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6175:
6174:Boston School
6172:
6170:
6169:Hoosier Group
6167:
6166:
6165:
6162:
6161:
6160:
6159:Impressionism
6157:
6155:
6154:Peredvizhniki
6152:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6144:Beuron School
6142:
6138:
6135:
6134:
6133:
6132:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6114:
6111:
6110:
6109:
6106:
6105:
6103:
6099:
6096:
6092:
6088:
6078:
6075:
6071:
6068:
6064:
6061:
6060:
6059:
6058:Munich School
6056:
6055:
6054:
6051:
6045:
6042:
6041:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6027:
6026:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6013:
6010:
6009:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5984:
5981:
5980:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5935:
5934:
5931:
5930:
5928:
5924:
5918:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5901:
5900:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5872:
5869:
5868:
5867:
5864:
5863:
5861:
5857:Art borrowing
5855:
5847:
5844:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5826:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5816:
5815:
5812:
5808:
5807:Company style
5805:
5803:
5800:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5787:
5786:
5783:
5782:
5780:
5774:
5771:
5770:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5760:
5759:
5755:
5754:
5752:
5748:
5742:
5739:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5714:
5710:
5709:
5708:
5707:Neoclassicism
5705:
5701:
5700:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5675:
5674:
5671:
5670:
5668:
5664:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5647:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5629:
5626:
5625:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5582:
5581:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5566:
5565:
5562:
5561:
5559:
5555:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5533:Cretan School
5531:
5527:
5524:
5523:
5522:
5519:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5499:
5498:
5495:
5491:
5490:Danube school
5488:
5486:
5483:
5482:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5464:
5461:
5460:
5459:
5456:
5455:
5454:
5451:
5445:
5444:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5423:
5422:
5419:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5401:
5400:
5397:
5393:
5392:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5377:
5376:
5373:
5372:
5371:
5368:
5367:
5365:
5363:
5359:
5351:
5350:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5335:
5334:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5321:
5318:
5317:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5280:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5273:
5269:
5265:
5262:
5261:
5260:
5257:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5244:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5217:
5216:
5213:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5190:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5177:
5176:
5172:
5171:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5129:
5128:
5125:
5121:
5118:
5117:
5116:
5113:
5109:
5106:
5105:
5104:
5101:
5100:
5098:
5096:
5092:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5055:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5025:
5022:
5018:
5015:
5014:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5004:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4967:Orientalizing
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4952:Sub-Mycenaean
4950:
4949:
4948:
4945:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4922:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4909:
4906:
4905:
4904:
4901:
4900:
4898:
4896:
4892:
4889:
4883:
4879:
4875:
4870:
4866:art movements
4865:
4861:
4857:
4850:
4845:
4843:
4838:
4836:
4831:
4830:
4827:
4815:
4807:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4794:
4791:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4747:
4745:
4741:
4735:
4732:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4717:
4713:
4712:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4702:
4700:
4696:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4622:
4620:
4618:
4614:
4608:
4605:
4601:
4598:
4597:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4590:Popular piety
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4559:
4556:
4555:
4554:
4551:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4523:
4522:
4519:
4515:
4512:
4511:
4510:
4507:
4506:
4504:
4502:
4498:
4495:
4489:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4471:
4468:
4467:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4452:
4450:
4448:
4444:
4436:
4433:
4432:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4385:
4384:
4381:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4371:People of God
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4353:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4335:
4332:
4331:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4299:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4242:
4241:
4238:
4237:
4235:
4233:
4229:
4217:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4201:
4199:
4197:
4193:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4170:
4167:
4166:
4165:
4162:
4161:
4159:
4157:
4153:
4147:
4144:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4081:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4061:
4059:
4057:
4053:
4050:
4047:
4043:
4038:
4037:Denominations
4034:
4022:
4019:
4018:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4006:Enlightenment
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3988:
3986:
3984:
3980:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3945:
3943:
3941:
3937:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3910:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3890:
3888:
3886:
3882:
3874:
3871:
3870:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3803:
3802:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3794:
3788:
3785:
3782:
3776:
3771:
3767:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3732:
3730:
3726:
3720:
3719:New Testament
3717:
3715:
3714:Old Testament
3712:
3710:
3707:
3706:
3704:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3654:
3651:
3647:
3640:
3635:
3633:
3628:
3626:
3621:
3620:
3617:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3599:Protestantism
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3569:
3568:
3565:
3564:
3561:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3546:
3543:
3540:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3500:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3472:Azusa Revival
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3452:Laestadianism
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3400:
3396:
3390:
3389:Old Lutherans
3386:
3383:
3379:
3376:
3375:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3342:
3339:
3338:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3321:
3319:
3315:
3305:
3304:
3300:
3298:
3297:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3252:
3250:
3248:
3244:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3232:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3183:
3179:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3101:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3079:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3055:Diet of Worms
3053:
3051:
3050:
3046:
3045:
3044:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3036:
3032:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2989:
2986:
2985:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2955:Protestantism
2950:
2946:
2938:
2935:
2934:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2774:
2771:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2741:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2713:
2707:
2706:North America
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2602:
2596:
2590:
2587:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2578:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2432:
2426:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2369:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2327:
2323:
2317:
2316:Early African
2314:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2299:Justin Martyr
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2205:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2120:
2119:Life of Jesus
2117:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2107:Apostolic Age
2103:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1974:
1970:
1963:
1958:
1956:
1951:
1949:
1944:
1943:
1940:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1912:
1911:
1901:
1897:
1896:
1891:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1878:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1858:
1852:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1822:
1816:
1812:
1810:0-13-193507-0
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1762:
1758:
1757:
1752:
1749:
1745:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1730:
1724:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1708:
1695:
1688:
1687:Beckwith 1979
1683:
1676:
1671:
1664:
1663:Syndicus 1962
1659:
1652:
1648:
1647:
1642:
1638:
1637:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1617:The book was
1614:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1599:Belting, Hans
1595:
1588:
1587:Syndicus 1962
1583:
1576:
1575:Syndicus 1962
1571:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1552:1-902210-58-1
1549:
1545:
1539:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1500:
1493:
1492:Syndicus 1962
1488:
1482:, p. 40.
1481:
1480:Syndicus 1962
1476:
1470:, p. 39.
1469:
1468:Syndicus 1962
1464:
1457:
1452:
1445:
1440:
1434:
1429:
1422:
1417:
1410:
1405:
1398:
1397:Beckwith 1979
1393:
1386:
1381:
1374:
1369:
1362:
1361:Syndicus 1962
1357:
1351:
1346:
1337:
1330:
1325:
1318:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1301:
1296:
1287:
1280:
1275:
1268:
1267:Syndicus 1962
1263:
1256:
1255:Beckwith 1979
1251:
1245:, p. 24.
1244:
1239:
1232:
1231:Syndicus 1962
1227:
1221:
1217:
1211:
1204:
1199:
1190:
1181:
1175:, p. 22.
1174:
1169:
1163:
1157:
1150:
1149:Syndicus 1962
1145:
1139:, p. 16.
1138:
1133:
1126:
1121:
1114:
1113:Syndicus 1962
1109:
1102:
1101:Syndicus 1962
1097:
1088:
1081:
1076:
1074:
1069:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1050:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1020:
1007:
1003:
1000:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
980:
977:
976:
975:
972:
971:
968:, 4th century
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
904:
902:
897:
894:
889:
885:
884:Old Testament
879:
877:
873:
869:
863:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
835:
833:
828:
824:
815:
811:
810:
805:
800:
787:
780:
775:
771:
764:
759:
758:
753:
750:
747:
744:
743:
741:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
716:St Mary Major
714:
712:
709:
708:
706:
702:
701:
700:
697:
694:
689:
687:
683:
677:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
654:funerary hall
647:
642:
638:
636:
632:
628:
624:
618:
615:
611:
607:
599:
594:
590:
585:
581:
573:
569:
553:
548:
544:
537:
532:
525:
520:
517:
513:
506:
501:
500:
499:
497:
493:
489:
485:
480:
477:
476:New Testament
473:
468:
465:
464:Good Shepherd
461:
457:
453:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
417:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
393:
391:
386:
382:
381:Good Shepherd
378:
373:
370:
366:
358:
354:
345:
343:
342:Constantine I
339:
335:
331:
330:
325:
320: 400 CE
312:
308:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
261:
256:
252:
248:
247:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
220:
212:
208:
207:Good Shepherd
204:
195:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
168:
166:
165:
160:
156:
155:Good Shepherd
152:
148:
144:
136:
131:
127:
125:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
99:
97:
94:
90:
86:
82:
81:Old Testament
78:
74:
70:
69:Christian art
65:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
36:
32:
19:
7948:Medieval art
7888:Trompe-l'œil
7886:
7857:Outsider art
7810:Illustration
7766:Lutheran art
7756:Catholic art
7719:Abstract art
7689:Unilalianism
7652:Software art
7627:Neosymbolism
7617:Neo-futurism
7580:Internet art
7570:Hyperrealism
7423:Superfiction
7206:Photorealism
7074:Afrofuturism
6839:Contemporary
6815:Dimensionism
6798:Concrete art
6731:
6727:Precisionism
6577:
6524:Sosaku-hanga
6498:Productivism
6488:Metaphysical
6458:
6447:Proto-Cubism
6351:Secessionism
6313:Costumbrismo
6198:Aestheticism
6149:Hague School
6129:
6053:Academic art
6034:Costumbrismo
6002:Empire style
5839:Quito School
5834:Cusco School
5750:Colonial art
5711:
5699:Fête galante
5697:
5666:18th century
5628:Delft School
5579:Caravaggisti
5557:17th century
5442:
5399:Quattrocento
5389:
5347:
5270:
5173:
5107:
5103:Late antique
4987:Severe style
4977:Black-figure
4864:Contemporary
4714:
4509:Architecture
4403:Confirmation
4351:Ecclesiology
4282:Original sin
4272:Nicene Creed
4069:Old Catholic
3953:Papal States
3885:Great Church
3851:Resurrection
3793:Christianity
3750:New Covenant
3701:(Scriptures)
3646:Christianity
3515:Charismatics
3498:
3477:Gospel music
3407:Camp meeting
3399:1789–present
3331:Missionaries
3301:
3294:
3285:Menno Simons
3229:
3225:Church music
3076:
3047:
2932:Conciliarism
2917:Papal Schism
2759:Scandinavian
2651:Great Schism
2629:Nestorianism
2601:Christianity
2533:priest holes
2414:Chalcedonian
2377:Christianity
2331:Great Church
2139:Resurrection
1915:
1898:. New York:
1894:
1880:
1856:
1847:
1840:the original
1820:
1800:
1793:Honour, Hugh
1782:
1767:
1760:
1754:
1728:
1711:
1694:
1682:
1670:
1658:
1650:
1644:
1640:
1634:
1622:
1618:
1613:
1607:google books
1602:
1594:
1582:
1570:
1564:google books
1543:
1538:
1513:
1509:
1499:
1487:
1475:
1463:
1451:
1439:
1428:
1416:
1404:
1392:
1380:
1368:
1356:
1345:
1336:
1324:
1295:
1286:
1274:
1262:
1250:
1238:
1226:
1220:google books
1215:
1210:
1198:
1189:
1180:
1168:
1156:
1144:
1132:
1120:
1108:
1096:
1087:
1022:
905:
898:
880:
864:
851:André Grabar
836:
823:Hans Belting
819:
813:
807:
698:
690:
653:
651:
619:
603:
587:
572:Santa Sabina
545:(cast shown)
481:
469:
454:
418:
409:Dura-Europos
404:
394:
374:
362:
332:(cloak) and
327:
324:empty throne
313:
309:
296:
264:
258:
244:
222:
169:
162:
140:
100:
66:
58:Christianity
45:
41:
40:
7773:Digital art
7736:Avant-garde
7677:Superstroke
7553:Flat design
7548:Fictive art
7543:Excessivism
7491:Art for art
7486:Altermodern
7428:Taring Padi
7363:Lowbrow art
7331:Pliontanism
7268:Yoru no Kai
7221:Process art
7161:Systems art
7131:Arte Povera
7053:Antipodeans
6962:in New York
6932:Jikken Kōbō
6895:Color field
6764:Regionalism
6733:Aeropittura
6722:Neo-Fauvism
6695:Neues Sehen
6665:Kinetic art
6529:Suprematism
6503:Synchromism
6420:Noucentisme
6341:Primitivism
6329:Art Nouveau
6284:Cloisonnism
6274:Pointillism
6269:Divisionism
6247:Incoherents
6208:Art pottery
6094:(1863–1944)
6044:Macchiaioli
6019:Biedermeier
6007:Historicism
5992:Orientalism
5933:Romanticism
5904:Akita ranga
5756:Art of the
5741:Picturesque
5693:Chinoiserie
5688:Frederician
5526:Tudor court
5421:Cinquecento
5362:Renaissance
5349:Mappa mundi
5333:cartography
5225:Carolingian
5220:Merovingian
5203:Palaeologan
5175:Repoblación
5132:Anglo-Saxon
5063:Gallo-Roman
5002:Hellenistic
4997:Kerch style
4935:Minyan ware
4770:Persecution
4705:Christendom
4698:Cooperation
4635:Charismatic
4546:Holy Spirit
4455:Natural law
4418:Holy orders
4267:Christology
4260:Holy Spirit
4129:Pentecostal
4109:Evangelical
4104:Charismatic
3948:Monasticism
3940:Middle Ages
3903:Constantine
3846:Crucifixion
3728:Foundations
3604:Catholicism
3541:Protestants
3535:Evangelical
3210:39 Articles
3205:Elizabethan
3182:Anglicanism
3162:Westminster
3072:Melanchthon
3035:Lutheranism
3000:Nicodemites
2978:Arminianism
2949:Reformation
2890:Bonaventure
2865:Inquisition
2860:Waldensians
2810:Investiture
2788:Kievan Rus'
2744:Anglo-Saxon
2724:Pelagianism
2716:Middle Ages
2639:Iconodulism
2514:Thomas More
2435:Catholicism
2357:Monasticism
2340:Constantine
2265:Persecution
2223:Adoptionism
2208:Ante-Nicene
2151:Holy Spirit
2134:Crucifixion
2105:Origins and
2006:2nd and 3rd
1797:Fleming, J.
1631:Peter Brown
1373:Jensen 2000
1279:Jensen 2000
1243:Jensen 2000
1193:Finney, 108
1173:Jensen 2000
1137:Jensen 2000
1125:Jensen 2000
1080:Jensen 2000
1042:iconography
974:Manuscripts
958:Virgin Mary
954:Saint Peter
876:gold ground
847:John Calvin
827:cult images
662:Saint Agnes
496:agape feast
492:Last Supper
460:high relief
255:Lamb of God
223:During the
180:Constantine
159:iconography
153:, and the "
96:iconography
7927:Categories
7820:Jewish art
7632:Passionism
7592:iPhone art
7538:Cyborg art
7533:Crypto art
7506:Brandalism
7398:Cyberdelic
7263:Tropicália
7236:Street art
7191:Intermedia
7171:Minimalism
6890:Spatialism
6844:Postmodern
6700:Surrealism
6568:Shin-hanga
6408:Die Brücke
6376:Sonderbund
6289:Synthetism
6012:Revivalism
5921:Transition
5878:Manichaean
5724:Adam style
5645:Classicism
5584:in Utrecht
5512:Still life
5242:Romanesque
5198:Macedonian
5193:Iconoclast
5152:Visigothic
5058:Republican
5012:Indo-Greek
4982:Red-figure
4684:Prosperity
4660:Liberation
4600:Cathedrals
4585:Pilgrimage
4570:Literature
4447:Philosophy
4383:Sacraments
4356:Four marks
4317:Protestant
4292:Born again
4089:Anabaptist
4079:Protestant
4021:Influences
3983:Modern era
3687:By country
3326:Revivalism
3247:Anabaptism
3195:Henry VIII
3020:Literature
2644:Iconoclasm
2624:Chrysostom
2577:Vatican II
2543:Jansenists
2529:Mass rocks
2465:Lateran IV
2384:Athanasius
2304:Tertullian
2248:Marcionism
2243:Gnosticism
2196:Revelation
2114:Background
1860:. London:
1835:0415204542
1776:0195113810
1743:0140560335
1720:3161493834
1705:References
1516:: 72, 93.
1019:Gold glass
1013:Gold glass
966:Saint Paul
950:Gold glass
578:See also:
424:, through
217:See also:
50:Christians
7882:Shock art
7872:Queer art
7852:Naïve art
7835:Modernism
7667:Superflat
7657:Sound art
7637:Post-YBAs
7622:Neomodern
7463:Verdadism
7433:Superflat
7282:1970–1999
7246:in the US
7166:Video art
7089:Happening
7062:1960–1969
6854:1945–1959
6517:1915–1944
6508:Vorticism
6460:A Nyolcak
6322:1900–1914
6294:Les Nabis
6225:Symbolism
6181:Amsterdam
6131:Japonisme
6101:1863–1899
6063:in Greece
5923:to modern
5768:Caribbean
5713:Goût grec
5635:Capriccio
5589:Tenebrism
5538:Turquerie
5436:Mannerism
5331:Medieval
5188:Byzantine
5169:Mozarabic
5120:Ethiopian
5024:Neo-Attic
5007:"Baroque"
4992:Classical
4962:Geometric
4940:Mycenaean
4887:(Western)
4885:Premodern
4856:Premodern
4760:Criticism
4710:Ecumenism
4674:Mysticism
4640:Democracy
4630:Anarchism
4617:Movements
4580:Mythology
4558:Catechism
4553:Education
4470:Evolution
4393:Eucharist
4376:Canon law
4334:Theotokos
4329:Mariology
4287:Salvation
4277:Tradition
4124:Methodist
4084:Adventist
3918:Chalcedon
3492:Ecumenism
3442:Adventism
3432:Mormonism
3368:Millerism
3363:Methodism
3318:1640–1789
3220:Civil War
3167:Orthodoxy
3122:Huguenots
3104:Calvinism
3089:Eucharist
3084:Orthodoxy
2968:Eucharist
2900:Five Ways
2850:Dulcinian
2803:Pomerania
2729:Gregory I
2573:Vatican I
2563:Modernism
2548:Molinists
2538:Guadalupe
2409:Chalcedon
2404:Ephesus I
2394:Augustine
2270:Apostolic
2253:Montanism
2218:Diversity
1994:Centuries
1826:Routledge
1028:gold leaf
705:Basilicas
693:martyrium
664:of which
241:pictogram
213:, 250–300
209:from the
182:, or the
111:sculpture
77:patronage
62:Byzantine
7912:Category
7862:Portrait
7783:Folk art
7731:Anti-art
7662:Stuckism
7575:Idea art
7496:Art game
7448:Artivism
7336:Punk art
7314:Sots Art
7299:Artscene
7156:Land art
7094:Neo-Dada
7026:Lettrism
6920:Nuagisme
6905:Tachisme
6786:Nazi art
6579:De Stijl
6493:Rayonism
6483:Art Deco
6471:Futurism
6262:Luminism
6230:Romanian
6215:Tonalism
6186:Canadian
6164:American
6070:Neo-Grec
5678:Rocaille
5507:Romanism
5441:Counter-
5375:Trecento
5315:Duecento
5305:Crusades
5237:Ottonian
5215:Frankish
5095:Medieval
5078:Trajanic
5038:Scythian
5033:Etruscan
4925:Cycladic
4903:Thracian
4814:Category
4679:Pacifism
4493:features
4477:Politics
4430:Ablution
4398:Marriage
4302:Catholic
4232:Theology
4139:Reformed
4119:Lutheran
4114:Holiness
4094:Anglican
4064:Catholic
3968:Crusades
3913:Nicaea I
3863:Apostles
3836:Miracles
3831:Parables
3821:Ministry
3811:Nativity
3775:timeline
3672:Prophets
3667:Glossary
3584:Theology
3572:Missions
3567:Timeline
3539:Mainline
3487:Pacifism
3336:Baptists
3255:Theology
3215:Puritans
3190:Timeline
3132:Scotland
3060:Theology
2907:Wycliffe
2855:Crusades
2830:Bogomils
2783:Bulgaria
2739:Germanic
2691:Ethiopia
2589:Timeline
2367:Nicaea I
2362:Councils
2294:Irenaeus
2289:Ignatius
2284:Polycarp
2238:Donatism
2233:Docetism
2228:Arianism
2129:Ministry
1892:(1979).
1799:(2005).
1641:Speculum
1623:Speculum
1510:Muqarnas
1053:See also
1047:tesserae
644:Nave of
635:venerate
610:basilica
584:Basilica
448:and the
426:typology
289:pastoral
249:(fish),
73:religion
7877:Realism
7474:present
7201:Nut Art
7004:Pop art
6942:Mono-ha
6810:The Ten
6759:Kapists
6705:Iranian
6658:Bauhaus
6452:Orphism
6398:Fauvism
6235:Russian
6125:Nihonga
6039:Verismo
6024:Realism
5958:Purismo
5871:Moorish
5866:Islamic
5773:Haitian
5564:Baroque
5443:Maniera
5327:Mudéjar
5252:Spanish
5164:Pictish
5147:Lombard
5142:Insular
5083:Severan
5048:Gaulish
5043:Iberian
4972:Archaic
4915:Nuragic
4895:Ancient
4878:periods
4743:Related
4536:Trinity
4501:Culture
4465:Science
4435:Hygiene
4425:Mission
4408:Penance
4388:Baptism
4324:Worship
4297:Liturgy
4245:Trinity
4156:Eastern
4134:Quakers
4099:Baptist
4056:Western
4046:members
3816:Baptism
3770:History
3760:Worship
3662:Outline
3577:Martyrs
3373:Pietism
3303:Ausbund
3275:Müntzer
3200:Cranmer
3147:Baptism
3112:Zwingli
2963:Erasmus
2912:Avignon
2895:Aquinas
2885:Francis
2880:Dominic
2840:Cathars
2835:Bosnian
2825:Bernard
2820:Abelard
2793:Moravia
2778:Bohemia
2764:Iceland
2686:Serbian
2666:Georgia
2661:Armenia
2599:Eastern
2500:Jesuits
2176:Gospels
2124:Baptism
1885:Online.
1530:1523097
940:Ravenna
928:Ambrose
845:, when
806:, with
375:In the
338:Chi-Rho
329:chlamys
281:Orpheus
265:Chi-Rho
260:Labarum
251:peacock
246:Ichthys
231:in the
198:Symbols
164:ikhthus
147:peacock
107:mosaics
7825:Kitsch
7684:Toyism
7176:Fluxus
7106:Op art
6675:Mingei
6609:Stupid
6587:Purism
6442:Cubism
6091:Modern
5883:Mughal
5673:Rococo
5278:Gothic
5259:Norman
5183:Viking
5137:Hunnic
5115:Coptic
4930:Minoan
4920:Aegean
4908:Dacian
4860:Modern
4460:Ethics
4341:Saints
4250:Father
4169:Church
3781:spread
3745:Gospel
3735:Church
3677:People
3265:Grebel
3117:Calvin
3043:Luther
2937:Synods
2815:Anselm
2798:Poland
2754:Gothic
2749:Franks
2734:Celtic
2701:Russia
2681:Syriac
2671:Greece
2558:Teresa
2505:Xavier
2443:Papacy
2389:Jerome
2309:Origen
2210:period
1985:Spread
1870:333082
1868:
1832:
1807:
1774:
1740:
1718:
1558:
1550:
1528:
1162:online
964:pose,
872:fresco
868:Mosaic
648:, Rome
600:, Rome
432:, the
405:corpus
390:orants
334:diadem
297:kouros
277:Daniel
178:under
113:, and
103:fresco
7472:2000–
6915:COBRA
5909:Uki-e
5899:Japan
5888:Qajar
5247:Mosan
5053:Roman
4947:Greek
4669:Right
4575:Music
4526:Jesus
4491:Other
4346:Angel
3801:Jesus
3791:Early
3740:Creed
3709:Canon
3697:Bible
3657:Index
3499:solae
3497:Five
3290:Smyth
3142:TULIP
3065:Bible
2773:Slavs
2676:Egypt
2634:Icons
2485:Trent
2475:Leo X
2372:Creed
1879:. In
1787:JSTOR
1759:, in
1627:JSTOR
1526:JSTOR
1065:Notes
962:orant
932:Milan
901:icons
893:apses
623:Milan
484:Peter
442:Moses
301:cross
293:sheep
269:Jonah
237:icons
229:tombs
143:Roman
119:Roman
93:pagan
7761:Icon
7084:ZERO
6842:and
6739:Asso
6563:Dada
6120:Yōga
4862:and
4665:Left
4565:Flag
4531:Mary
4042:list
3549:left
3547:and
3537:and
3387:and
3385:Neo-
3152:Dort
3137:Knox
2983:Wars
2575:and
2531:and
2524:Wars
2181:Acts
2096:21st
2091:20th
2086:19th
2081:18th
2076:17th
2071:16th
2066:15th
2061:14th
2056:13th
2051:12th
2046:11th
2041:10th
1866:OCLC
1830:ISBN
1805:ISBN
1772:ISBN
1738:ISBN
1716:ISBN
1556:ISBN
1548:ISBN
1004:and
914:and
830:the
812:and
614:apse
582:and
510:The
488:Paul
486:and
470:The
438:Noah
357:Noah
133:The
44:(or
4521:Art
4255:Son
4240:God
3094:Art
2952:and
2927:Hus
2490:Art
2036:9th
2031:8th
2026:7th
2021:6th
2016:5th
2011:4th
2001:1st
1518:doi
960:in
942:.
263:or
56:of
7929::
4858:,
4044:,
2416:/
2272:/
1864:.
1828:.
1824:.
1795:;
1736:.
1633:,
1601:,
1562:,
1554:,
1524:.
1512:.
1508:.
1307:^
1072:^
956:,
857:,
853:,
834:.
707::
691:A
688:.
680:,
672:,
514:,
498:.
436:,
317:c.
275:,
253:,
149:,
109:,
105:,
4876:/
4848:e
4841:t
4834:v
4667:/
4048:)
4040:(
3783:)
3779:(
3777:)
3773:(
3638:e
3631:t
3624:v
2333:)
2329:(
1961:e
1954:t
1947:v
1902:.
1872:.
1813:.
1746:.
1520::
1514:4
1008:.
816:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
