38:
88:
290:
470:
511:
508:
153:(the Indonesian archipelago). After watching the launching of the satellite via television in Jakarta, President Suharto revealed his reason on naming the satellite "palapa"; to show that Indonesia had a glorious past, and also hope that the system can unite the archipelago.
270:. Most of these involved extravagant inauguration ceremonies with the officials who oversaw the projects in the spotlight. At the inauguration ceremony of the Palapa satellite system, President Suharto used a switch with 17 jewels (17 is the date of Indonesia's
237:
than its predecessors (40 transponders, Palapa-C2 only has 36). 16 (40%) of its transponders are used by
Indosat for their own purposes while the other 24 (60%) are rented to others. Indosat used Palapa-D for their broadband internet service (IM2) with
278:). Besides symbolizing national unity and concretely helping to unite the country by serving its purpose as communication infrastructure, the satellite also tied advanced technology to Javanese tradition as epitomized by the inauguration ceremony.
232:
was maneuvered into the correct geosynchronous orbit by
September 2009, but this left it with only enough fuel for 10 years in orbit. This US$ 200 million satellite (equivalent to $ 276 million in 2023) has more
200:) who insured the launch of those two satellites. Palapa-B2P was launched on 20 March 1987. Palapa-B2 was renamed as Palapa-B2R and launched on 13 April 1990. Palapa-B4 was launched on 14 May 1992.
255:
79:
became the first developing country to operate its own domestic satellite system. The estimated cost for the project was US$ 1 billion (equivalent to $ 4.17 billion in 2023).
1029:
225:
launch vehicle on 31 August 2009. However, it failed to reach the intended orbit following a failure of the third stage of the launch vehicle to reignite as planned. The
571:
1034:
608:
723:
753:
806:
868:
487:
818:
669:
663:
789:
675:
657:
651:
645:
639:
618:
862:
846:
841:
835:
765:
717:
1059:
812:
759:
271:
601:
234:
1069:
1074:
168:, or PAM) on the satellite failed during its approach to geosynchronous orbit, placing it at an improper and inoperable
1064:
262:
period to build national pride. Other lighthouse projects during the New Order included transport infrastructure, the
594:
313:
381:
75:
and then by PT Satelit Palapa
Indonesia/Satelindo). The first satellite was launched in July 1976, at which time
188:. The Space Shuttle mission to retrieve Palapa-B2, as well as the Westar-6 satellite which shared the launch
429:
149:(historians suggest it refers to spice or a kind of flavouring) as long as he had not succeeded in unifying
263:
104:
164:
on 3 February 1984, to be put into service afterward, but the perigee kick motor (also known as the
1008:
60:
42:
527:
Barker, Joshua (December 2005). "Engineers and
Political Dreams: Indonesia in the Satellite Age".
103:
The first satellite, Palapa-A1 of 300 kg (660 lb), was launched on 8 July 1976 at 23:31
963:
150:
25:
259:
165:
112:
451:
267:
197:
108:
8:
404:"Planning and Development of Indonesia's Domestic Communications Satellite System PALAPA"
215:
913:
544:
403:
295:
17:
This article is about the
Indonesian satellites. For Gajah Mada's historical oath, see
548:
119:
536:
72:
565:
515:
169:
92:
37:
362:
87:
1024:
783:
367:
115:
1053:
474:
229:
222:
181:
586:
130:
18:
339:
Jones, R. (1976). "Satellite communications: Indonesia's bitter fruit".
927:
693:
576:
317:
246:). At the end of October 2009, Palapa D started its airing operations.
134:
581:
771:
687:
681:
204:
193:
142:
138:
76:
68:
777:
747:
741:
735:
711:
705:
699:
540:
226:
211:
173:
161:
96:
49:
980:
488:"Indonesian Satellite Reaches Preset Orbit Despite Skewed Launch"
473:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
239:
189:
126:
64:
958:
940:
932:
145:(Book of Kings), Gajah Mada swore that he would not taste any
729:
243:
219:
185:
160:
shuttle mission on 18 June 1983. Palapa-B2 was launched from
157:
125:
The name "Palapa" was bestowed by then
Indonesian President
275:
177:
410:. Society for Satellite Professionals International (SSPI)
122:
on 9 July 1976. Palapa-A2 was launched on 10 March 1977.
203:
Palapa-C1 was launched on 1 February 1996, followed by
285:
360:
32:Indonesian geostationary communications satellites
356:
354:
1051:
430:"Seven Things You Might Not Know You Can Insure"
308:
306:
398:
396:
394:
361:Johnston, Louis; Williamson, Samuel H. (2023).
351:
172:. It was retrieved on 16 November 1984 by the
602:
303:
616:
391:
192:with Palapa-B2, was partially funded by the
609:
595:
341:Pacific Research and World Empire Telegram
274:) in the shape of a traditional dagger (
86:
71:telecommunications company (formerly by
36:
1052:
526:
590:
564:Gunter's Space Page - information on
432:. The One Brief, Aon. 2 February 2017
408:Online Journal of Space Communication
338:
249:
41:View of the Palapa-B2 satellite from
254:The Palapa project was one of the "
141:Kingdom, in 1334. According to the
13:
14:
1086:
558:
509:Thales Alenia Space Press release
1060:1976 establishments in Indonesia
468:
288:
382:Gross Domestic Product deflator
184:, where it was brought back to
520:
502:
490:. Spacemart. 14 September 2009
480:
444:
422:
332:
214:satellite was manufactured by
156:Palapa-B1 was deployed by the
1:
452:"Palapa B1, B2, B2P, B2R, B4"
363:"What Was the U.S. GDP Then?"
314:"History of Palapa Satellite"
281:
266:theme park and the country’s
91:Palapa-B2, held by astronaut
272:Proclamation of Independence
7:
1070:Communications in Indonesia
1030:Enggano Satellite Launchpad
316:. PalapaSat. Archived from
10:
1091:
1075:Space program of Indonesia
264:Taman Mini Indonesia Indah
82:
15:
1065:Communications satellites
1017:
1001:
994:
973:
951:
906:
899:
887:indicate launch failures.
878:
855:
828:
799:
632:
625:
456:Jet Propulsion Laboratory
268:national aircraft company
61:communications satellites
258:" instituted during the
137:, the Prime Minister of
964:Roket Pengorbit Satelit
26:Palapa (disambiguation)
218:and launched aboard a
100:
53:
1009:Pameungpeuk Spaceport
166:Payload Assist Module
90:
40:
819:Palapa N1R/HTS-113BT
577:Palapa-C2 at Lyngsat
529:Current Anthropology
109:Kennedy Space Center
48:after deployment on
24:For other uses, see
914:Roket Eksperimental
582:Palapa-D at Lyngsat
570:Palapa A at Boeing
384:figures follow the
256:Lighthouse projects
216:Thales Alenia Space
514:2007-07-03 at the
296:Spaceflight portal
250:Lighthouse project
242:technology (12/14
196:companies (led by
101:
54:
1047:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1035:Morotai Spaceport
990:
989:
895:
894:
198:Lloyd's of London
1082:
999:
998:
907:Past and current
904:
903:
633:Past and current
630:
629:
611:
604:
597:
588:
587:
553:
552:
524:
518:
506:
500:
499:
497:
495:
484:
478:
472:
471:
467:
465:
463:
448:
442:
441:
439:
437:
426:
420:
419:
417:
415:
400:
389:
379:
377:
375:
358:
349:
348:
336:
330:
329:
327:
325:
320:on 29 April 2015
310:
298:
293:
292:
291:
207:on 16 May 1996.
29:
22:
1090:
1089:
1085:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1080:
1079:
1050:
1049:
1048:
1039:
1013:
986:
983:(Pengorbitan-1)
969:
947:
891:
874:
851:
824:
795:
724:LAPAN-A1/TUBSat
621:
615:
561:
556:
525:
521:
516:Wayback Machine
507:
503:
493:
491:
486:
485:
481:
469:
461:
459:
450:
449:
445:
435:
433:
428:
427:
423:
413:
411:
402:
401:
392:
373:
371:
359:
352:
337:
333:
323:
321:
312:
311:
304:
294:
289:
287:
284:
252:
170:low Earth orbit
120:Indonesian Time
93:Joseph P. Allen
85:
59:is a series of
33:
30:
23:
16:
12:
11:
5:
1088:
1078:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1045:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1025:Biak Spaceport
1021:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1011:
1005:
1003:
996:
992:
991:
988:
987:
985:
984:
977:
975:
971:
970:
968:
967:
961:
955:
953:
952:In development
949:
948:
946:
945:
944:
943:
938:
935:
930:
925:
922:
919:
910:
908:
901:
897:
896:
893:
892:
890:
889:
879:
876:
875:
873:
872:
866:
859:
857:
853:
852:
850:
849:
844:
839:
832:
830:
826:
825:
823:
822:
816:
810:
803:
801:
800:In development
797:
796:
794:
793:
787:
784:Nusantara Satu
781:
775:
769:
763:
757:
754:LAPAN-A2/ORARI
751:
745:
739:
733:
727:
721:
715:
709:
703:
697:
691:
685:
679:
673:
667:
661:
655:
649:
643:
636:
634:
627:
623:
622:
614:
613:
606:
599:
591:
585:
584:
579:
574:
568:
560:
559:External links
557:
555:
554:
541:10.1086/432652
535:(5): 703–727.
519:
501:
479:
443:
421:
390:
386:MeasuringWorth
380:United States
368:MeasuringWorth
350:
331:
301:
300:
299:
283:
280:
251:
248:
118:, or at 06:31
116:launch vehicle
84:
81:
43:Space Shuttle
31:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1087:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1055:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1004:
1000:
997:
993:
982:
979:
978:
976:
972:
965:
962:
960:
957:
956:
954:
950:
942:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
923:
920:
917:
916:
915:
912:
911:
909:
905:
902:
898:
888:
884:
881:
880:
877:
870:
867:
864:
861:
860:
858:
854:
848:
845:
843:
840:
837:
834:
833:
831:
827:
820:
817:
814:
811:
808:
805:
804:
802:
798:
791:
788:
785:
782:
779:
776:
773:
770:
767:
764:
761:
758:
755:
752:
749:
746:
743:
740:
737:
734:
731:
728:
725:
722:
719:
716:
713:
710:
707:
704:
701:
698:
695:
692:
689:
686:
683:
680:
677:
674:
671:
668:
665:
662:
659:
656:
653:
650:
647:
644:
641:
638:
637:
635:
631:
628:
624:
620:
619:Space Program
612:
607:
605:
600:
598:
593:
592:
589:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
569:
567:
563:
562:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
523:
517:
513:
510:
505:
489:
483:
476:
475:public domain
457:
453:
447:
431:
425:
409:
405:
399:
397:
395:
387:
383:
370:
369:
364:
357:
355:
346:
342:
335:
319:
315:
309:
307:
302:
297:
286:
279:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
247:
245:
241:
236:
231:
230:satellite bus
228:
224:
223:Long March 3B
221:
217:
213:
208:
206:
201:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
182:Space Shuttle
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
154:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
123:
121:
117:
114:
110:
106:
98:
95:, during the
94:
89:
80:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
51:
47:
46:
39:
35:
27:
20:
995:Launch sites
886:
882:
807:LAPAN-A4/ITS
532:
528:
522:
504:
494:14 September
492:. Retrieved
482:
460:. Retrieved
455:
446:
434:. Retrieved
424:
412:. Retrieved
407:
385:
372:. Retrieved
366:
344:
340:
334:
322:. Retrieved
318:the original
253:
235:transponders
209:
202:
155:
146:
129:, after the
124:
102:
56:
55:
44:
34:
869:SatKomHan 1
778:Merah Putih
748:LippoStar-1
617:Indonesian
374:30 November
176:mission of
131:Palapa oath
19:Palapa oath
1054:Categories
928:RX-250-LPN
730:IndoStar-2
694:IndoStar-1
670:Palapa-B2R
664:Palapa-B2P
626:Satellites
436:19 October
282:References
135:Gajah Mada
113:Delta 2914
69:Indonesian
45:Challenger
974:Abandoned
856:Abandoned
790:Palapa N1
772:Telkom-3S
688:Palapa-C2
682:Palapa-C1
676:Palapa-B4
658:Palapa-B2
652:Palapa-B1
646:Palapa-A2
640:Palapa-A1
549:149575825
347:(4): 1–6.
260:New Order
205:Palapa-C2
194:insurance
151:Nusantara
143:Pararaton
139:Majapahit
133:sworn by
107:from the
77:Indonesia
63:owned by
863:Palapa E
847:LAPAN-C1
842:LAPAN-B1
836:LAPAN-A5
792:† (2020)
766:LAPAN-A3
744:† (2012)
742:Telkom-3
736:Palapa-D
718:INASAT-1
712:Telkom-2
706:Garuda 1
700:Telkom-1
572:Palapa-A
566:Palapa-B
512:Archived
414:14 April
388:series.
324:14 April
227:Spacebus
212:Palapa-D
162:STS-41-B
99:mission.
73:Perumtel
52:in 1984.
1018:Planned
1002:Current
981:RPS-420
900:Rockets
829:Planned
240:Ku-band
220:Chinese
190:payload
174:STS-51A
127:Suharto
97:STS-51A
83:History
65:Indosat
50:STS-41B
959:RX-550
941:RX-450
937:RX-420
933:RX-320
924:RX-150
921:RX-100
871:(2021)
865:(2016)
838:(2022)
821:(2024)
815:(2023)
813:SATRIA
809:(2020)
786:(2019)
780:(2018)
774:(2017)
768:(2016)
762:(2016)
760:BRIsat
756:(2015)
750:(2012)
738:(2009)
732:(2009)
726:(2007)
720:(2006)
714:(2005)
708:(2000)
702:(1999)
696:(1997)
690:(1996)
684:(1996)
678:(1992)
672:(1990)
666:(1987)
660:(1984)
654:(1983)
648:(1977)
642:(1976)
547:
458:. NASA
147:palapa
57:Palapa
966:(RPS)
918:RX-75
883:Signs
545:S2CID
462:3 May
186:Earth
158:STS-7
111:by a
67:, an
496:2009
464:2021
438:2017
416:2015
376:2023
326:2015
276:kris
210:The
178:NASA
537:doi
244:GHz
180:'s
105:UTC
1056::
885:†
543:.
533:46
531:.
454:.
406:.
393:^
365:.
353:^
343:.
305:^
610:e
603:t
596:v
551:.
539::
498:.
477:.
466:.
440:.
418:.
378:.
345:7
328:.
28:.
21:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
